Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 6, 1878, Page 4

Prii CrlUAuw wuiBUNE UARY SUNDAY., JAN 1875—SIXTEEN PAGES The Tribane, TEBMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. BY MAIL—IN ADVANCE—POSTAGE rnxg;?. Dally Edition, one vear... 00 Tariuof ayedr. permonthi. 00 Suncay - Editlon: LI Double Sheet.. - 2.50 £atyrday EdIUG X (1) “Iyi-Weekly, one yea S i1} Yartsof & vear, per monti. I w0 WEEKLY EDITION, POSTPAID. one copy., per e 150 Ope copy. per year. 130 Specimen u:plu sent m:e. Give Post-Oflice address fn full including State and Courty. S Remitiances may be made efther by draft, express, Post-Office order, or in reglstered letters, at our risk. TERMS TO CITY SUBSCEIBERS. Dally, delivered, Sunday excepted, 25 cents per week. Dedly, detivered, Sunday included, 30 cents per week. Adcress THE TRIBUNE COMPANTY, Corner Madison and Dearborn-sts., Chicago. Il Ordersfor the deliveryof Tre TEZUNE st Evanston. Englewood, snd Hyde Park left fn the counting-room ‘willrecefve brompt attenti TRIBUNE BRANCH OFFICES. “Tnx CnicaGo TRINTNE has established branch offices for the recelpt of subscriptionsand sdvertisements as Tollowa: NEW YORK—Room 28 Zyibune Bullding. ¥. T. Mo- FappEN, Mansger. 'PARIS, France—Xo. 16 Rue de 1a Grange-Bateliere. ‘H. MARLER, Agent. LONDON. Eng.—American Exchange, 448 Strand. Agent. 0, Cal.—Palace Hotel. SDC]I'.TY MEETINGS. 1 UNCIL OF PRINCES OF JERUSA: 1EICAC) OB R MiTk MASONS—The anusl Coaseinion Sul i peld Jueiday evenlngpext for the Y 0t o order, o of officers anu payment of ducs. By order of ED GUODALE, Grand Stiretary T.—Atten- eyening, Vislung ), E. C. CHICAGO COMMANDEREY. No. 18, K. fou, Sir Knlghis_siated Contlave Mondiy ki conrceourty Iayiies Z ed. SR L D JAS. E. MEGINYN, Y WASHINGTO! LADY CRAPTER . 28. 0. E wiil hold their annual Chapter_of Sorrow “this e Bon st 0'clooK Bt thelr Ball 530 ang 23 Halsted s Masier Musons aud thelr fainiiles and all ‘Triends of e Gaer iavited: LADY WASHINGTON CHAPTER No. 28, 0. E.S.— Regular communication Tuesday Sveing, Jan. 8, ot 2 sharp for tie election of oficers and payment of dues. rder of the W. s HELEN Al MILLARD, Sccretary. g d to Thect with us. . RELD, L. P. GHICAGO LODGE. X, 81, A. 0, —The n- cors wil be held at 12 i Glinton-£1- »udlverenm:. Jan. 7. ra of the Urder are fnvited. FED, LATTNER: Secretary: By order of BUNDAY, JANUARY G, 1878, — CHICAGO MARKET SUMMARY. The Chicago prodice markets were rather more sctive Satarday, and averaged casicr. Mess pork 4 1235¢ per brl lower, &t $11.30@11. February and $11.421@11.45 for March. closcd a shade casier, at ST. $7.50 for March. oxed sboulde: * short ribe. W gutlon. Flour was dull. &t SL.08% cach or January and SL.03% for Feb- Corn closed ;¢ lower, at 423;c¢ for January Outs closed Xc lawer, at and 2#t4c for February. nyc was steady, at 56@5CYic. zrley closed steady, at h7lc epot and 58¢ for February. Hogs were actlve and steady. at §4.0024.30. Cattle werein fair demand, at $3.00®5.00; and sheep * sominal. at $3.00@4.50. The packing of hogs in “is since Nov. 1 is 1,174,853 head. Re- celvedin Chicazo last week, 62,074 brls flour, .12, 013 bu wheat, €0, 250 bu corn, 81,670 bu oats, £,£00 bu rre, 53,647 bu barley, 163,940 live hogs, and 16,405 cattle. Inspected into store in this city Soturday mormmg: 94 cars wheat, 35 cars corn, 8 cars outs, 4 carsrye, 11 cars barley. Total, 13 cars, or 506,000 bu. One bundred coilars in geld would buy S102.75 in greenbacks at the cloge. Lard % for Feoruary and Meats were steady, at dc for and $5.%5 per 100 Ibs for do ;s was steady. at SLOS per Wheat closed e Jower, In New York on Smuzy_ i greenbacks canged at 97 @97 Out of the several thousand apphcstmns * for Assistant-Commissionerships to the Paris Exposition seven were yesterdsy agreed upon by the PresiGent. — @ The poor Indian crops forth again in our dispatehes this morning, investigations hav- ing shown him to be tl\e victim of shameful swindles on the part of post-traders. There seems to bs little doubt bat that the President will reject the applications now before him for. the pardon of the Chicago distillers convicted of complicity in the whisky steals. Tt is rumored in Washingion that Senator ParrERsox has positively decided to tender his resignation and retire to a back county of Pennsylvania, there to purge himself of his South Carolina sins and run afresh for Congress under the patronage of the heathen ieity, Smrox CaMERON. The returns of the State census of New York, about to be published, show that the total population of the State is 4,693,938, of whom 1,195,638 are foreign-bggm. The total State debt June 1, 1675, wes $244,079,859, from which should be deducted a Sinking Fund of $32,508, Among the half-®>zen minor suspensions in Chicago yesterday the most noticenblo was that of s pownbroker who haus for many _seurs occupied the leading position in that peculiar branch of trade. It is a curtous development of this case that all the time he has been exacting n heavy per cent from his customers, he himself has been paying 24 per cent a mouth for borrowed capital. The full text of the sermon delivered by Mr. Beecres, in which he declared his dis- belief in the existence of the orthodox Hell, will be found in the religious department of 1his issne of Tre TRUNE. - As an exposition of a part of the creed of the Brooklyn prescher, whose liberal interprotation of the Gospel has long been known in a general wzy, this sermon will be of special interest 1o a large number of our readers, - Some papers and people have been recent- Iy expressing the opinion that President Haxes was being forced by the Implacables of. Congress to change the line of policy ndopted by him when entering the Presi- dential office and adhered to consistently .ever since. To all these will come a sur- prise and s possible diseppointment at the snnouncement made in our dispatches this - morning that the President is not st all alarmed at the CoNkLiNg-Branze develop- ments, and that ho has no intention of changing hiis policy in any respect. It seems to be s very general opinion among the depositors in the Central National Bank that, in view of the exposures of * prcorr’s rsscality and his depletion of the assets before his departure, Receiver GLovER should immediately institute proceedings . sgainst the stockholders who remain. About one-half the stcck is understood to be owned by responsibla men, who are lxnbla under the law for an amount equal to the fnce valne of their stock overand sbove the stock itself, Tho proper way for these gentlemen fo pro- ceed, in view of the certainty that they will Dé called on to pay over, would be to volun- tarily make up the fund and await a rebate, if any shall prove to be due them; but, if " {hey fail to do this, the Receiver shon]d ex- ercise the discretion which the law gives him - of proceeding sgainst them in the courts to enjoin the disposition of their property, and collect from them the nmount they will have to pay in the end. There is alsoa general fecling that the baukers of this city, for the honor of the craft and their own credit. should clab together for the purpose of ad- vancing money to ascertain whetker Expicorr can be indicted on a charge that will secure his extradition and frial for his thieving operations. Svrenax Pasha having abandoned Sofia, the Russian advance-guard has occupied that town. The winter campaign is going briskly on, notwithstanding the snow, and slest, and ice, and contemplated peace negotiations. The Turkish forces in this part of the field will hardly make a stand nporth of the mountains, and Gourgo's division, having the broad highway before them,—the easiest of all the Balkan passes,—may be expected to press forward in close pursuit. At Galatz, not far from the ‘mouths of the Danube, Rpssian troops are said to be eroasing in considerable numbers, and this is supposed by correspondents to mean the beginning of serious operations against the fortresses of the Quadrilateral. A number of those New York Bank Pres- idents who are anxious to squeeze all the money out.of the West that they can pos- sibly get their avaricipus clutches upon held a meeting yesterday. Of course they passed resolutions ; it was necessary to pass reso- Iutions, even if about nothing in particnlar; and, without coming to any Hecisive con- clusion, they resolved to appoint a commit- tee who should recommend suitable action, in case they should determine to take any action at a future meoting. Meéanwhile, they have invited the bankers of Baltimore, Philadelphia, and Boston to join their de- liberations and aid them in denouncing the silver dollar,—that innocent coin which only 2 short time ago everybody was so glad to sea in circnlation and so anxious to obtain for themselve: The investigation of that putrid Insurance Company, the Protection Life, has reached another stage, and the developments partake of the sensational in no slight degree. It is now alleged that even the officials of the great State of Illinois were induced togive a false statement of the affairs of the Com- pany, and to represent it as beingin asol- vent condition, when in reality it was bank- rupt. An indictment was yesterday re- turned by the Grand Jury of the Criminal Court of Cook County against Aaj. R. M. Woops, State Insurance Examiner, charging him with willfally making an untrue report of the Protection Company in the month of May, 1877, whereby, being aided and abetted by one J. H. Kerrocs, an act- uary, the public were induced to place fur- ther confidence in the shaky concern. Of course, the fact of their being indicted does not prove their guilt of the serious charge. but there is undoubtedly good foundation for the indictment. FAMILY SUPPLIES. We venture to say that more than ome pater-familias has Temarked that tho cost of living, so far as family supplies are con- cerned, does’ not vary much from year to year, notwithstanding the decline of prices, of which he has heard so much. Probably more than one mater-familias, accustomed to provide for the house cxpenses at a stipu- Inted allowance per week or per month, has been called to account because she insists upon as large an allowancoe now as she received two or three years ago. It may be that ¢ family jars” (not of the kind in which quince preserves arc putup) have resalted from a difference of opinion between a hus- band who arrives at his conclusions by reading the quotation of wholesale prices, and a wife who figares up her grocery and supply book. ‘We have no doubt that many an innocent woman hes been suspected of exnggemtiug the sum total of household ex- penses in order to squeeze out the price of a new fall hat or a spring suit ; and, while the divorce records do not go back to these small seeds of discord, it is not uniikely that many cases of irreconcilable incom- patibility bave taken their origin in disputes over the cost of living. Itgis very natural that the head of the family, Judging from his own business as a rule, should msintain that the house ought to be *“run ” for less money every year as long as the price of everything continues to fall ; bat it'is also true that the logic of facts frcquen‘l) warrants the wife in maintaining that ‘it can't be done.” In some instances, of course, there is an occa- sional increase in the family, which should count on the wife’s side of the controversy. But, even where .this does not happen, the wife hes good ground for maintaining in a general way that it costs abont as much as it ever didto run the house. The houschold servants (the best-paid labor in the country, because board is always included) demand sbout the same wages they received in flush times. The plumbers and tinkers who come to putter at little jobs make about the same charges. A still more important item is that family supplies, as bought in ‘small quonti- ties at retail, are charged up rather with reference to what the customers’nra used to poy than according to the decline in prices. We have been at the pains of preparing the following table to show some of the differ- ences in wholesale and retail prices as charged in this city: P “lml(lal!.u Retail. 10 12 Frestporicper® 3 @ Beef, per 5@ itacon, ncrm 8 @ an, per 10 @ Lax @ Butter, perb... 15 @ Cheese, perd... 11 Poultrv, per b .. 7 Touwtoes. perbu, 45 Flour, per brl. . $6.00 Buckwheat, brl.. Avples, per bri.. 3.00 Cranberries. ... . 6.5 Cider, perbri Beans, per ¢ Sirup, per g 40 Tea, per B 25 Lemons,perdoz. 15 ‘Wherever any item in the above list is reckoned by the bulk, the price obtained by the retail dealeris by sclling out in small quantities. Thus the retailer gets from $9 to $11.50 for a barrel of cranberries for which he pays $6.50 to $7.50, by selling it out at from 10 to 12} cents per quert. Soa barrel of buckwheat which costs the retailer $5.50 is made to yicld him nearly twice ds much by peddling it off at 5 cents a pound, and a barrel of cider that costs him &6 brings him in over twice as much by doling it out at the rate of 10 ceats a quart. Of course it is not to be expected that the retail dealers in household supplies can sell their goods at wholesale prices. There are certain legitimate expenses which enter into the accommodation afforded families in sell- ing to them in convenient places and quan-* tittes. There are rent, cartage, delivery, service, loss on bulk, decay, etc., and the re- 14il dealer is entitled to a living profit. The point in the case is that the profits, ranging from 50 to 100 per cent, as shown by the sbove table, are excessive, and the fact is that, so long &s this condition of things shall continue, it will be impossiblo for the small households, that of necessity buy in limited ‘quantities, to re- trench in their current expenses. The fam- ily that has a turkey once a week or once & month, served with cranberry sauce, pays 50 per cent more on the fowl and 100 per cent more on the sauce, than the first selling cost. ‘The ordinary beefsteak or roast rapresonts to the family consumer twice as much as the | butcher paid for it. Flour purchased in small quantities costs 25 to 30 per cent more than when purchased inbulk. Roast pork with apple-sauce (which is 2 savory combi- nation) is an expensiva luxury to the man of small means, while it costs him at least a quarter of the price more than it ought, since he pays double the wholesale price. The ‘middle and poorer classes can scarcely ever know the luxury of the * samovar,”—the Russian compound of tesland lemons,—since the tea costs them twice as mnuch, and the lemons more than twice as mach, as the same articles cost richer people, who can af- ford to buy them in larger quantities. This is the worst featuro of the evil,—that it falls with particular hardship upon that large class of people who barely earn a living, and never have the means to advance for the payment of supplies in the quantity. Per- haps it is because of a knowledge that so many people are unable by force of circum- stances to protect themselves that the sup- ply-dealers so often persist in exacting too much. As in &l other matters, there is andther side to the affair, and the dealer in family supplies will answer, and truthfully perhaps innine eases out of ten, that he makes no more than a living, and sometimes hardly that, notwithstanding he is charged with ex- tortion, This is more than likely to be somewhat due to his own fault, for which his customers certainly ought not to- suffer the penalty. The largest item on the bal- ance-sheet of the retail supply-dealer is bad debts. Every neighborhood grocer, butcher, baker, druggist, and so -on, has large losses during the year in unpaid bills, and these increase in hard times. But it is unjust that those who do pay their bills should be made to pay & third moro than they ought to pay in order to make good to the supply-denler his losses put upen him by those who do not pay their bills. This is the practice, and it u;'eqni\'alenf. to imposing a special penalty upon those who are frugal and-honest. The system ought to be changed, 50 a8 to make tho retailers pro- tect themselves against bad debts; they can- not do so absolutely, perhaps, but they should do so to a greater extent than at present. 'The only way the public can com- bat this practice, which is petty in detail but monstrous in the aggregate, is for those who can dose to cultivate the habit of buying their supplies for'cash, and buy such articles as ham, bacon, flour, lard, butter, cheese, potatoes, apples, beaus, sirup, sugar, tes, and coffee in large quantities. In a majority of cases retailers will gladly sell their goods for cash, in qusutities, at even Iess, timo and all things considered, than the goods can be purchased at wholesale. It is possible that hundreds of those who buy by the pound or quart, on credit, could so mannge their income as to buy by the barrel or package for cash. "A general adoption of large purchases: for cash, however, would soon have the effect of reducing household expenses, and leave dealers a better business than they can have under the small trade on credit system. SOME WORDS TO YOUNG MEN. There can hardly bs a more important question for a young man to consider than what he shall do with himself these long winter nights. A fow general reflections will suggest the basis for a reply to the question. The difference between man and the brute is that man has ideas. These ideas are not intuitive; they must be sought for, evolved from their surroundings, and appropriated after much labor. The man who succeeds in obtaining the most of them and having them always ready for use will be the stronger man. His light will be the brighter and more powerful, and cast its rays farther than the dull light of. the ig- norant. He will know more, and, knowing more, will be superior to his fellows. Wa talk of democratic equality in this country 8s if it were universal in its application. There is an equulity of avoirdupois, of ani- mal force, and-of political right which puts the uninformed man end the philosopher be- fore a ballot-box as two equal units, but be- yond this there is an inequality whick makes a rich ignorant Zool the inferior of an intelligent poor men. ' Intelligence always .dominates, and enables a man to overcome the obstacles which Nature and ig- norance place in his way. Ignorance is the parent of superstition, and the parent and child are, snd have always been, the two su- preme weaknesses of the world, and the despair of the progress of civilization, re- ligion, and order. The ignorant man is al- ways a superstitions man, and these two characteristics always combine to render their possessor a prey to the demagogue, the deceiver, and the seducer. They lower his power of self-preservation and self-support. Not knowing enough to utilizs the forces of Nature and knowledge, he has to labor more with brute-power, and, in this hard, servile worls, he is weighed down beyond the hope of elevation or improvement. The man of idens, on the other hand, lightens his labor by his knowledge, performs his work in less time, and earns more. These general refloctions ought to suggest an_ answer to the question we have asked. How shall young men between the ages of 16 and 30—the period of time in which a ‘man’s whole life is shaped for good or bad, for success or failure—best spend these long winter nights? Clearly in the accumulation of ideas and increase of knowledge, so as to render themselves superior and to lay the foundations of life strong enough to insure their own happiness and to make tho largest possible. number of their fellows happy. These ideas must be accumulated by study, end collective study is better than indi- vidual. The interchange of ideas, thoughts, and information enables one to develop faster, by division of labor, than he can ever hope to do toiling alone. To accomplish this, there is no better way than for the young men of each neighborhood to organ- ize themselves into associations in the form of lyceums, debating clubs, or literary clubs, with about fifty members as the maximum,— twenty-five would be still better. Let them then choose a Moderator and other officers, and select a place of meeting, either at each other's rooms or at some small hall, such as may be had in almost every neighborhood very cheaply. No better .occupation could be found for such an association than the study and discussion of subjects growing out of our own history and that of foreign coun- tries, also of various topics in science, politi- cal economy, politics, and even the various forms of mechanical and commercial indus- try. If any member has made a special study of a topic, let him prepare a paper umpon it and read it, and then let it be made the.sub- ject of the ovening's discussion, Discussions of this kind will necessitate the hunting up of authorities in our libraries and the diligent reading of books. 1In this way an immense amonnt of information will ‘be gathered by s0 many students pursuing their investiga- tions in different directions, and the dis- cussior will tend to fix facts and ideas in the memory for future use. FravguN, in his autobiography, gives a charming picture of aclub of this sort with which he identified himself .in Philadelphia, and he bears elo- quent tribute to the great service it was to him in his after years. In ‘s club of this kind, books may also be read and their con- tents discussed from evening to evening. There is, in fact, no end to the ways in which such & club may be made profitable and instructive. We have large numbers of clubs in the city, but the most of them are devoted to dancing, private theatricals, elo- cutionary displays, and various forms of merely social entertainment. They are all +well enough in their way, and’ are not to be deprecated, for man is by nature a social snimal ; but alternate them with the mutual-improvement clubs. Even but one evening a week devoted to reading .and discussing during the years of youth is an investment which will return rich interest at maturity, and secure a happy and beneficent old age. 1Itis an investment that will pay better than saloons, theatres, and billiards, and these long winter mghts thus usefully employed will be pleasant spots to look back to in the future. They will prove the start- ing points of influence, power, and fame, will enlarge the area of personal usefulness, and enable the possessor of the ideas thus acquired to benefit his fellow-men and im- prova the condition of his kind. MR. TILDEN'S CLAIM. That * Hope springs eternal in the human breast” is 8 familiar suggestion which has been conspicuously illustrated in the history of the descendants of deposed royalty seek- ing restoration. We have now another in- stance in the case of Mr. TLDEN, who is still going about claiming to be the legal Prosident of the United States, and who is daily expecting an outburst of popular in- dignation, upon which Mr. Haves is to be “hurled ” from the seat he has usurped, and Mr. TupEN borne, vuuhcnted, to the White House. A recent New York letter has this to say on the subject : The public may as well know, once for all, that we have not entirely done with Mr. TiLDEN yet, nor is the Presidential question yet settled. By the terms of the Electoral bill the defeated candi- date has his recourse to the Supreme Court, aad Mr. TiLDEN will, in his own good time, avail him- self of that right. This is not 2 sensational state- ment, but the words of trath and soberness. I know whageof I am speaking when I say Mr. Tri- DEX Is fully 1esolved to contest his right to the Presidency before the courts. He has never for a moment wavered fu that determination. Asa pre- liminary step in that direction he took the oath of office on the 4th of March last, and has been swear- ing ever since, for that matter. He has had men in his employ. ever since the contest was decided against him, collecting and collating the evideace, and it is the business of his life to superintend the work as it progresses. Ho hasa private printing oice of his own, with thirty men employed, sworn to secresy, whose businees it Is to print the matter a6 it is prepared. In full sympathy with this position of Mr. TiLpex is the demand, constantly presented by the New York Sun, that Mr. Haves be impeached because of the corrupt bargain by which he was counted in, to the exclusion of TyroEs, and the further statement that evi- dence to establish the accusation is accumu- lating. The old man TiLDEN, we suppose, will have many to support him when he re- produces his old banner of * Reform,” but the number and character of those who will cheer on the revolutionwill not be such as to endanger the peace of the country. The case of TrLDEN vs. Haves has been tried and determined irrevocably. Mr. Haves has been declared elected, not only by the award of the officers of the several States whose duty it was to certify to the votes, but he has been declared clected by the solemn judgmeni of the majority of the members of both parties in both branches of the National Legislature. Never in the history of the Government has 8 Presidential election been afirmed and con- firmed so emphatically by all departments and by all parties as thot of Haves. The wildest supporter of Mr. TiLDEN never claimed more than that Congress had the final right of determining what votes should be counted, and who was elected. Each House, acting separately, and both Houses, acting jointly, affirmed the counting of the votes, and declared Haves to have been elected. Nor is there any moral justification for disputing the election. Had there been a free election,—an election free from in- timidation, violence, bulldozing, and mur- der,—the vote of MMississippi and Alabama would have been given to Haves in addition to that of the States whose votes were disputed. There 18 nothing in the allega- tion that he was elected with a popular majority against him. The same objsction might have been made against LincoLy, who at his first election was short nearly 900,000 votes of a majority. When JomN Qurver Apaws was elected he received less than one- third of the whole popular vote ; his election, moreover, was charged to have been the re- sult of & corrupt bargain ; but no man ven- tured to question his. title fo the office awarded him. Mr. TrupEN is an old man, without a wife or family. He bas dreamed of the Presi- dency since childhood. That he might en- joy the honors in royal style, he has Iabored like a slave to amass money, and lived like a miser to keep it, against the day when he should be the recognized ruler of a grent nation. He believes he waa elected ; he insists that he is President; and since the 4th of March, when he took the oath of office, he has never ¢by word or act recognized the Presidency of Haxes, or waived his own clasim to be the lawful President of the United-States. He clings to that title with a tenacity inspired by a life-long passion. So long had he sought and expected the office that the election was to him a mere form,—the Presidency seemed to fall to him as an inheritance. He clings to it yet as if he had been born to the Presi- dency, and had beer: unjustly deprived of it. Mr. Trpes is not alone in his trouble. There are several *rulers” in Europe who are kept out of office. There is the Count pE CmaxBonD, who has been calhng ‘himself King Hexny V. of France ever since 1830, and who expects to have his rights yet. Then the Orleans family have been waiting since 1848 to kave their Royal rights recog- nized, and the young NarorEoN is also an expectant of like honor. There are other Kings and nobles who have lost their places, and, like Mr. TmoEN, are waiting for and expecting to be installed in power. This passion for ‘‘ruling” nations is a strong one, and much is to be pardoned to AMr. Tipey, who in his old age finds the Presidency taken from his grasp. Nearly 200 years ago the male line of the STUARTs was deposed in England, but from that time down to the death of the last of the family there was a Stuarr elwoys claiming to be King of England, and wherever he lived he maintained a court, and expected. to be re- stored to the crown. The right or title to govern is one of the last which human nature will abandon. An even stronger case than that of the StusrT family is that of the Parzorocr, which family ruled in Constan- tinople when that city was captured by the Turks in 1453. The Iast of that roce died within the past few years, but to the last, from the fall of Constantinople, there wasa Parzorocus somewhers on the earth claim- ing the title of -Einperor of the East. Fortunately, Mr. Trpex’s claim will die with him. Evenif the claim conld go down to posterity, he has no posterity. The right, therefore, does not admit of postpone- ment ; it must be asserted by Mr. TroEx personally and at onco. One year of the term has nearly expired, and yet nothing has been done to eject the usarper. Itissug- gested that Mr. Trupex will, if there be no popular uprising to put him in office, confine himself to such legal proccedings as shall demonstrafa to the whole people that he is their lawful President, and with the expec- tation that a generous country will, to re- pair the wrong, elect him in 1880, and there- after every four years so long as he may live, to be the President. In the meantime, as President, he cannot recognize Haves, and no person who does recognize Haves need expect favor or toleration when Tmpex shell be restored and shall become the great ruler of a great nation. Until he shall be thus rewarded, he will persist in his claim that, having been elected President and having been kept out of the emoluments and honors by force, his election holds good against all subsequent claimants until he has had his four years'term in office. Having been elected, he is entitled to be President for four years, and his term canmot expire until it has begun, and therefore he must be President-elect until ho is formally in- ducted and had his full term of service, with its pay, in office. Like the Parzorocl, who were always Emperors, though never in office, TiLDEN proposes to remasin President until after he has served a full term in office. Another fact, or at least another statement, the truth of which there seems to be mo reason to doubt, is that some person on behalf of the City of Chicago applied to the United States Trust Com- vany, in New York, toward the Iast of December for a Joan of 31,000,000, sccured by the first rev- cnue derived from carrent taxes. The Company refused to grant the loan except on & gold basis. The same representative of the Chicago City Gov- erment then apphed to the Exchange Bank, and theloan was declined except on the same conditions. —Times. This statement originated ~with Jar Gourp’s New York Tribune, and was printed along with a string of other items (probably of the snme degree of veracity). Its falsity was exposed some days ago in the columns of Tee Trmuse. The fact, asstated by the Comptroller, was, that o loan of $100,000 was sought to meet maturing bonds, and the New York Exchange Bank proposed to loan gold if the city would agree to repey in gold. The Comptroller refused to consider the proposition ; first, because he did not feel authorized to negotiate outsideof the basis of the current legal-tender(as such anjoperation would be in the nature of a speculation in gold, which is the business of a broker, and not of amunicipal corporation) ; and, sec- ondly, because it wasn't necessary to take this roundabout road, as the Comptroller got all the money he wanted in Chicago at 8 per cent, payable in * lnwfal money.” Out of this simple circumstance the New York Tribune made the exnggerated statement which the Times persists in repeating,’ mul- tiplying the amount tenfold, and magnifying nsimple business transaction, which resulted to the city’s advantage, into what looked like a reflection on Chicago's credit. But the reproduction of the falsehood by the Chicago Times, after its refutation, looks like malice, .not merely because the Z¢mes had the means of ascertaining the truth of the matter by applying tothe City Comptroller, but because & true statement of the case had already been made public. One of those silly soothsayers whom the New York Herald chooses to set up as cor- respondents in the different European Capi- tals, has just emitted a fecble prophesy from Berlin. As was to be expected, the result of his divinations comes exactly at the wrong time and fails to produce any impression upon the mind of the reader except amaze- ment that 2 man could live at the German Capital in the centre of German politics and yet remain so stupidly ignorant of the Enst- orn policy of the Bmwagck Government. Here is a specimen sentence of his effusion : On & conclusion of peace, forwhich preparations are nndoubtealy already making, Disxarck and AxprassT will quietly step in between the contest- ants and name the terms on whica they will ad- mit a reconstruction of the political state of affairs ou the Balkan Peninsula, Aside from the fact that preparations for peace are not already making, except 1n so far as the excited interference of England is concerned, the statement that Brsyancs and Axpnassy will step in andsettle the business is entirely unauthorjzed by the present state of affairs. One of the most important lessons that the careful student of European politics could draw from the history of the last year has ‘been that the alliance between the Em- pires of tho Continent is not imaginary, but actual, Nor is it confined to a mere friendly interchange of compliments between the three Emperors ; the bulk of the populations of Russin and Germany, and the German- speaking inhabitants of Austria, are 1n entire sympathy. . Bisaaror nnd Ax~prassy will not dictats to GorTscHAROFE; it is within the bounds of possibility that they may have a word with BEACONSFIELD. One would suppose that the occupation of hog-killing would be incompatible with the edu- catlon of the fier sentiments of human nature, and that between lard and love there could be little congeniality. Yet perbaps that is because the hog of the present day labors under a tem- porary cloud of popular prejudice. It was ot alwaysso. Ancient poetry abounded in refer- ences to the pachydermatous animal which is now so despised of laureates; and the Greeks thought so bighly of himas to sacrifice him with public ceremonics to sacred Ceres, goddess of the harvest, while the [mperial gourmand of Rome reveled in the tender flesh of the baby- roussa. Likewise, the child Apoxis perish- ed by the rude tusks of the wild boar, thereby causing the fair and frail goddess of love to o into premature mourning. In fact, a* thousand traditions cluster about the beast which in these degenerate days is become an inhabitant of the barn-fard, 50 unnoticed and unkonored that even the Sweet Singer of Michigan deigns not to bring him into her immortal verse. But down near the Town of Greenville, in this State, there occarred recently an inci- dent whieh should go far towards restoring the hog to his natural place in romance and song. Mr. RATNES, 8 sturdy yveoman, dwelt upon his farm in company with his youthful wife and a sucking babe. It was the idyllic season of hog- killing, and, to assist him in the pleasing task of slaughter, the farmer engaved one whom the ignoble local nparrator alluded toasa ‘‘man Damed WHITE,” which is the ‘usaal convenient formula adopted by the country editor when he 1s too tired to take the trouble of asking for the full name of an individual whom he immortal- izesin print. The work of hog-iilling went briskly and cheerily on for some time; but one eventful evening the sucking babe chanced to wake from its slumbers, aud,in accordance with the long-establishéd prerogative of child- hood, began to oven its mouth and emit those dreadful sounds of which only very young infants arc capable. After a while the farmer bezan to stir uneasily in his couch and to mur- mur forth a scries of oaths, which, however, by reason of being mixed up in the hed-clothes, were naturally more or less disconnected. Fi- pally, against his will, he was forced to rise, and then, but not until thcn, did he discover that the partoer of his bosom was missing. A fur- ther search revealed the fact that the bired man was also gone, as Well as a wallet containing $400, his savings for the previous yesr. At this point the parrative ends. . Whether Mr. ‘RaYNES succeeded in recovering his money and in bringing back his truant spouse to the suck- ing babe cannot be known until the local narra- tor furnishes later developments. Meanwhile, it is to be hoped that the business of hog-killing will not ve injured by this unfortunate confre- temps, and that the babe may be induced to turn its attention, at least temporarily, to the equally exhilarating bottle. ——— THE SCOTCH STRUGGLE AGAINST TYRANKY, The Scotch nobles put the Presbyterian Church in power for selfish reasons. They were engaged in 4 deadly struggle with the combined forces of the Crown and the Catholic hierarchy. Inorder to separate these allies and conquer each in detail, they espoused the Protestant Reformation then sweeping over Europe, and hastened its introduction in Scotland. The Lords of the Congregation in 1557 * renounced ana forsook the congregation of Satan, withall the superstitions, abominations and idolatry thereof,’” and promised ‘*to maintain, cherish, anddefend the ministersof Christ, the wholecon- gregation of Christ, and every member thereof.” Presbyterianism would eventually have triumph- ed without the assistance it derived from this quarter. Butitsrecoznition would have beende- layed, and its form perbaps materially modified, if political reasons had not, at a eritical mo- ment, lifted it into position. The principles of Presbyterianism were ingrained in the Scotch people. The Monastery of Ionma, in which celibacy was not practiced, aud the doctrines of the Romish Church wers not taught, was founded in the sixth century. It preserved o primitive Christiauity until the begiuning of the thirtcenth century. His- torians of the Presbyterian Church have main- tained that this Iona Monastery and the sect of Culdees which sprang out of it represented in their original integrity the doctrines on which the Church of the present day is founded. However this maybe, it is certain that the sect was all but extinguished in the fourteenth cen- tury, and the fickering vitality that still lins gered anong the people might never have been rekindled as it was if the Scotch nobles had not been driven into the Reformation by fhe King and tue priests, The selish motives of the nobles were soon apparent. They had in theory the purest affec- tion for the uew Church, but in practice they loved still becter the fat things of the old one. When it carae to a division of the spoils, they proposed to appropriate to their own uses five- sixths of the property of the Chureh, and to award only the meagre remainder to the support of the new establishment. The doctrines of the Roman Church— auricular confession, absolution, the Real Pres- ence, and the rest—were banded over to the new clergy as part of theruits of victory. They were to derive their chicf bevefit and highest pleasure from these intellectual trophies, which they were at full liberty to exhibit as the broken weapons of superstition. This was, however, a partition of the spoils to which the Protestant clergy would by no meansconsent. They claim- ed as their due all that had belonged to their predecessors. Forthwith began a struzgle be- tween the Church and the noules which lasted more than a hundred years. The clergs, having Do other resource left, flung themselves into the arms of the people; the nobles, needing all the strength they could zet, formed analliance with the Crown. of the three estates. from their hereditary chicftains, continued to work in the same dircetion, although these chief- tatns were the founders of the new Church. An issué was thus made between democracy and The clerzy were driven to adopt a aristocracy. democratic form of government. They rejected prelacy because it was undemocratic. For the same reason the nobles and the Crown sought to impose it upop the Church. Tt has always been a question whether the Scotch Church up to the time of the approval of the Second Book of Discipline had formally abandoned Episco- pacy. All the writers in the Enzlish Church maintaig that it had not; that the so-called ++ Superintendents™ appointed by the General Assembly were Bishops in fact, “though not in pame. CALDERWOOD, STEVENSON, HETHERING- 70N, and otber Presbyterian authorities main- tain the contrary. **It manifestly appears,” says HETHERINGTOX, * thatthe Superintendents Dbad no one thing in common with prelates, ex- cept the charge of religious matters in an ex- tensive district.” They were ordained, it is gaid, in the same mannmer as ministers; subject to the same discipline. and tried by the same courts. There were but five of .these Snperintendents, and their jurisdictions were exclusively outlying country districts, while the spiritual interests of the cities were attended to by reguiarly- appointed ministers. The zeal of the Presby- terian historians has blinded them to the fact that these Superintendents, however limited their functions in the cities may have been, were charged Dby the First Book of Discipline “not ouly to preach, but also to examine the doctrine, life, dilizence, and behavior of the ministers, teachers, elders, and deacons.” This was one thing the Superintendents bad {n common with prelates which HETHERINGTON hasneglected to mention. But the Second Book of Discipline, which appeared in 1575, eighteen years after the first, removed ull doubt as to the attitude of the Scotch Church with reference to Episco- pacy. - It declared that the Bishops ‘‘are ail one with the ministers.” Qn this rock the Presby- terian Church in Scotlabd was built. About it for many years were the trials of war aod per- scentfon, but no power availed to destroy it, or scriously to alter its character. The General Assembly of 1578 resolved that the Bishops should be called by their own names, and not by their titles. ‘The same body declared that vacancies among the Bishops should not be filled. The Assembly ofe1330 pronounced the office of Bishop *‘a meve human invention ’; and existing Bishops were ordered to resign or suffer the peaalties of excommuni- cation. - Two years later, an Assembly, of which ANDREW MELVILLE was head, excommunicated ROBERT MONTGOMERY, who had accepted the appointment of Archbishop of Glasgow. The same yearthe Raid of RUTHVEN placed JAMES VI, completely in the hands of the Church, and con- firmed its power in sucha manaer that it was able, ten years afterwards, to bave ail its rulings arainst Episcopacy sauctioned in the brated act of Parliament known as “the Gfeat Charter of the Church.” This tri- umph was short-lived. The Greai Charter was the highest point attained by Presby- terianivm fu Scotland for nearly a hundred years. In 1507 Jasxs beranto pack the Gen- eral Assemblies to secure the re-establishment of Episcopacy. His efforts were aided by the influence of the Highland nobles oa their clans- men, who suddealy developed an astonishing interest in affairs of the Church. Edinburg was invaded, and democracy for the time suppressed by superior numbers. The struggle was about to be renewed in 1603, when Jaxes succeeded EL1ZABETH on the throne of England. He brought all the resources of his new positfon to bear in favor of Episcopacy. In 1604 and 1605 he prorogued the General Assemblies, and af- terwards imprisoned ANDREW MELVILLE, the champion of the Church. Thereafter, for more than a generation, the Presbyterian Church was There was thus a new arrangement The subtle influence of the Church, which under the Catholic domina- tion had sfowly alienated the common people under the heel of the civil Government. Prelacy +was formally established by General Assembly at Glaszow in 1610. It continued to maintain itself under Javes and CHARLES until 1637 The same csuses that were working to produce the Revolution mm Ensland were then arrayed ageinst Episcopacy in Scot- land. The attempt of the English to impose a ltargy on Scotland in 1635 re- sulted in the celebrated Covenant which gaye birth to the new and overwhelming party known in history as the Covenanters. Their treaty with the English Parliament under the title of the Solemn League and Covenant, the subse- quent disruption of tne alliance, the invasion of Scotland by CROMWELL, and his victories, are events that need no examivation in this con- nection. It is sufficient for the purpose that the Covenanters who sold one King from lofty conscientious motives attempted to restors apother from motives as ennobling. The anomaly in Presbyterian history is the effort to perpetuate the STUART rule on the part of the Scotch people, and the collision which conse- quently took place between the purest demoe- racy that ever lived and the Scotch Church. CrOMWELL proved 2 more terrible antagonist even than the STuarTs. He disbanded the Gen- eral Assembly in 1653, much in the fashion of his treatment of the Long Parliament. was left by him of the institutions of the Church—and he suspended nothing besides the General Assembly—was violently at- tacked during the whole period of the Restoration. Jaues IL contemplated the restoration of the Romish Church in Scotland, little knowing, in his blind infatuation, that it would have been easier for him to level the mountains of that rugged country and drown it in the deep sea. In the twenty-eight years be- tween the Restoration and the Revolution, 18,000 persons suffered by death, slavery, exile, or imprisonment, inflicted in the vain cndeavor to destroy the Presbyterian Church of Scotland and establish Prelacy on'its ruins. Under WiLriax I1L acts of Parliament were adopted abolishing Prelacy, ratifying the Confession of Faith, establishing the Presbyterian Church, and abolishing patronage. Tae General Assembly met again. With this event the struaggle with Episcopacy may faicly be said to have ended; for, thouxh it was revived under WiLLIAM, and pressed by many of his successors, it was never reimposed upon the Presbyterian Church. The effort thenceforth was to 1ntroduce it fudepend- ently in Scotland as a separate fnstizution. The alliance of the clergy with the people had other important results. While it protected the peopleagainst political tyranns, it exposed them to ecclesiastical despotism. The clergy, who were glad in thesixteenth century to take ref- uge among the people, aspired in the seven- tecnth century to rule them. While the minis- ters of the Church carefully avoided making clnims to supernatural powers, they did not dis- approve of that ignorance-and superstition which attributed to them gifts of prophesying andwohder-working. Thelrcurses were said to be miraculously faifilled in a number of justances; their solemn acts were enshrouded in the mys- teryof a sunposed special communication with Gop; and €ven to the present day we; find tneir historians noticing peculiar dispositions of the elements as tokens of the Divine pleasure sent for the guidance of the Lord’s anointed. Nor was the tyranny exerted by the clergy in these days merely spiritual. By preaching the doctrine " of a material Hell, in the description of whuse terrors human ingenuity was exhausted, they kept thewr ig- norant parishioners in complete subjection. Tho Blue Laws of Scotland were morc severe than any known to our Puritan ancestors, and all were executed with a rigor born of austere principles and misguided consciences. It would be wrong, however, to attribute the tyrauny of the Scotch clergy auring this period to their in- nate love of power for its own sake. Some his- torians have dome this. But it is easier and more honest to suppose that the motives ot the clergy were not bad; that they mistook their mission, instead of viotently perverting it. The various evidences of a superstizious age are not marks of asuperstitious Church, but of a stateof public feeling which was antagouistic to the healthy growthof the Church, and which it may have helped to educate to betterthings. Thereal curiosity in connection with the history of this period of Presbyterianism i3 its essential attach- ment to a form of ecclesiasticism while it was encouraging by every means i it3 power polith cal liberty. Ir it had been sincerely attached to any form of despotism, its whole history would not be identified, as’it is, with the birth of the free institutions of Great Britain. That it was connected with such a spiritual despotism, and for many years maintained it, there can be no question. But it was the most active instru- ment in promoting political doctrines which eventually subverted ecclesiastical autuority. Thus the Presbyterian Church- applied the remedics which were to purge it of the igno- rance and superstition out of which it rose, and which clung to its garments for ceaturies afterwards. It provided for its own regenera- tion by returning its authority to the Lody of the people, and drawiag fresh inspiration {rom that source when it became puritied. —————— Once upon a time the Poct of the Sierras, in his vagrant louugings about the Continent, chanced to reach that most poctical of lands, Ttaly, the home of sun and song. Thc Strada Giulia of Rome lured him to remain; the marble wonders of the Capitol and the paintings of the Vatican dared him to depart. He staid and mused amid the ruins of ancient greatness, and, swhat was more to the point, wrote a book. It was appropriately called “ The One Fair Womax,” for it was all about a single feminine person: and the rhapsodical style of the work ient cre- dence tothe suspicion bruited abroad throughout the American community of Rome that the heroine was a certain yount American lady for whom the poet entertained a more than passing regard. She was cven named as Miss PoLk, of ‘lennessee. But with the death of the sweet summer, and the flight of the birds to their hibernal quarters, the poet faded from Rome, and the gossips gradually ceased to harp upon the topic of his unrequited affection; and it is only now recalled by tie announcement of the approaching marriage of the young lady in ques- tlon to a French Baron. The exceeding an- tipathy which Ainerican youngladies are known to entertain towards foreigners of title adds interest to the announcement; and this will be sti]l further augmented by the ooble heroism and devotion of this one fair woman, who has even abjurcd her religion and joined the Roman Catnolic Cnurch in order that her future family relations may be harmonious. But, meantwhile, what has become of the tuneful JoaquiN? — Perbaps the first geauine tramp was the Wandering Jew. The sugrestion is made def- erentially. Undoubtedly there are people of a light and frivolous fancy who might feel in- clined to zo still further back in history to find the original of the individual who vexes our continent in the present day; and probably with such people even the character of our first parents would not escape slur in this connec- tion. But there is no occasion to stir up any of these old scandals. We only desire to call attention to the general degeneracy of the pro- fession, of which the poet of the Iiad was atone time a partial, or rather honorary, member,—of course in Do way so fair a representative as the hero of Mr. Sue's world-famous novel,—and" algo to perform the more grateful task of show- ing that even in its darkest epoch tramphood has its exonerating aspects. The Town of Bridgeport, in Conoecticut, was lately excited over a tramp of brilliant musical acquirements. This person, with the nonchalance for which his profession Is justly noted, stepped into a mausic store one morning, and, sitting down at a plano, rendered the most diffieult composi- tions with ease. When questibned by the astonished proprietor, he frankly confessed tnat he belonged toa titled German family, and that his godmother was the Countess of Wur- temberg. He had been, he said, Consul of Wartemberg at Paris at one time, but, becom- ine dissipated, he was forced to pledge his in- hentance to the money-lenders and spend the proceeds in that rapid and effectual maoner which is o common with tramps of higa rank. Hence his present residence in America. Itis Whag -