Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 2, 1878, Page 4

HE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: WEDNESDAY. JANUAKY 2, isio. work to bring abont precisely this resuit. The Pall-Mall Gazette, while admitting that the reply is what everybody expected, insista that England cannot remain a muto specta- tor of an adjustment between Russia and Tnrkey whereby involving the acqnisition Ly tho former of poris on the Blck Sea or new torritory in Asin Minor. “The Tribue. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. BY MAUL—IN ADVANCE—TOSTAGE afly Edition, one year. attsof & yedr. eermol Edit Lites Eaturday Fdith Tri-Weekly, one 7e Parisaf avear, per monih.. Qpe copy, per ety Epecimen coples sent 1ree, Gire Post-Ofice address in full Including State and County. Temittances may be made elther by draft, express, Yost-Uffice onler, ot In registered leters, atour risk. TENMS TO CITY SUNECRINERS. Tally, delivered, Eunday exeepted, 23 cents per weok, L'atly, deilvered, Eunday inéloded, 30 cents ner weck. Address THE TRIBUNE COMDANY, Uarner Madison and DeArbornesta,, Chicago, m. Orders for the deliveryof Tix TainuxNe st Eyanston, Englewood, and liyde Park leftin the counting-ruomn ‘wiizecelve prumpt attentls em—— . The New York gold-bug popers bonst that New England will cast ** tireloe solid votes” in the Sonato fu bolialf of an exclusively gold logal-tonder currency. This is abont half tho total strongth of the gold-bugs in the Senate, Tho peculinr coustruction of the Henate gives small popnlntiona an enormons and disproportionnte representation. Thus the number of votors in Ohio is almost equal toall the voters in the six Now England States, At tho last Presidentinl election the comparison was as follows: Six New Tngland Ftates, having twelve Senators, c38b..eisiseass ven a7l Olito, with oy two Senators, This single connty of Cook castsmoro than three times ns many votes as the pieayune spot called tho State of Rhode Island, and nearly ns many ns tho States of Vermont and Ruode Island togsther, nnd, whilo they have four enatorinl votes, the wholo State of Tili- nois has but two, although it contains a larger population than Massachusotts, Con- necticnt, New Hampsbire, Vermont, and Rhodo Isinud combined, who have ten Bena- torial votes, In the language of the TiLDEN platform, **Reform is nocessary.” TRIBUNE Tnx CMICAGD TAIRUNE lina catablished braneh offices for the recelpt of subscriptions and advertisements as follows: NEW TORR—Room 20 Tribune Butiding. FoT. Mc- Fanprx, Manager, . TARIS, France—No. 18 Ttua de In Grange-Datellere, 1, Manwxn, Agent, LONDON, Enz.—American Exchange, 449 Btrand. Wxxny F. Girtio, Agent. BAN FRANCISCO, Cal.—Palsto Motel. | "AMUSEMENTS. Mc¥icker'n Thentre. Madison etreet, between Btate and Dearboru. #®Deauty and the Deast, d **Bluipson & Cu.” iloolcy’s Thentre. Tandaiph street, botween Clark and LaSalle, Fngagement of Joseph Jurphy. **Manm Cra." At ternoon and cveoing. Tax Trmuse dose not sympathize in any dogreo with tho snarling criticisms of the army that hava beon mado by the New York Sun and other newspapers like it. But one point hins boen well taken by that journal, Tt sags: * Thoro aro in the United States 212 military posts, Of thesa 150 are gar- risoned by not lesa than one company of goldlars each, and sizxty-two by detachments of loss than one compauy ench ; or thoy are in chargo of Ordnance Sergeants.” No nrgument is needed to show that this state of affairs, if it exists, is wrong. The feoblo- ness of the army I8 not o ronson for seatter- ing it as widely ns possiblo through tho conntry, but for concentrating it at points whro it is most likely to bo ncoded. It is lLinrd to say why thero shonld ba two com- ponies of jufantry and ten commissioned officers ot Fort Mackinaw; or o company of artillery each st Fort Niagara, Fort O tario, nnd Fort Torter, along the Now York frontler, which is not defended on tho Oana- dian side by n singla British soldier ; or two compunios of infantry at Newport ‘barracks, Kenlucky ; or other dotachments at 8t. Au- guetine, Fla., Fort Trumbnll, Connecticut, Fort Warren, Mussachusetts, Fort Drady, Michigan, .and Fort Adams, Rhoda Istand. 'The arwy is tvo small o bo used for orns. ment; or for the indnlgence of pot officers in wocinl pleasures. If it is large enomgh to garrison all theso points, it i largo enough to Lo reduced, It probably is not too large to Lo used to advantage along tho Moxican bor- der aud the exposod frontier, whero there is somo prospeet of trouble. Home of the forts must bo taken care of, Luttho Sun is right in saying that the policy of diffusion has Loen earried too far, ' Waverty!s Theatre, Monroe etreet, corner of Dearborn, *'Our Toarding- flouse,” Aftcrnoon and evening. Colisenm Novelty Thentre. Clark strect, opposite Court-House, Varlety Ollo. New Chicago Theatro: Clark street, npposite the Sherman Howse. Callen: der's Georzls Minstrola. Afternoon and eventog. MEETINGS. ST. BERNARD COMM Ry, NO. 15, ftateq Conclave (bis (\Wedneuday) eveniny ook, st Hall 187 Eaet Rlnglest, L T 2. Jan. 3,8t riance to every member. liy order. B o m o 5 v Gond W Wk, B.C. J.0, DICKERSON, Recorder. WEDENSDAY, JANUARY 2, 1878, The ontire absenco of market reports, ote., in this morning's fssue, tells how Now-Year's' Day was observed in tho buaincss world, prabitti it ekt The New York Legislature.mot yesterdny and orguuized by the olection of Wirtax I' Hopentsox a8 President o tem. of the Sonate, and J. W, Husreo a8 Speaker of tho House, Gov. Ropivsox’s message called nte tention to the fact that the toll receipts on tho Erio Canal for 1877 wero the smallest for forty-fivo yen: Virginin's now Governor, Col. Horripay, yesterday signalized Lis entry fato office by 8 most excellent innugural address devoted almont exclusively to tho subject of the Htate dobt. 1l mado o strong apposl for tho preservation of faith nnd credit, urging that honor ond justico alike requircd that thio Btate should make provision to meet its linbilitics, and denonncing thoss who are en- gnged in davising monns of mcwc' {rom theso obligations, S Auother stupid s well ns ignorant state- mont appeared in tho gold-bug orgsn in this city *on” the other day, to the effect that an inconsiderablo amount of silver cir- culated in I'rauce,—ouly n little small change, as it wero. As nmatter of fact, fally half o hard money of France in actual cirquln. tion among tho people is silver, nnd it cir. calntes freely at par with gold. Tho Ameris con gold dollor contains the same amount of motal ns tho French five-franc gold ploce. 'I'ho five-franc.uilver ploce, which circulates on o par with the gold picce, contains 3 per cent less pure silver than the American doliar, ‘Theso important facts will never be found in tho columns of the Chicago gold- bug organ. 'Tho Bonk of France has boen engaged for threo years in filling up ita cof- fors with gold, and redoeming its small notes with silver. ‘Cho amount of gold and siiver it held, by the latest official statoment recont- 1y mndo, was ns follows: 4ho Bureau of Statistics at Washington is likely to lose its chicf, Dr. Youso. Tho re- port of tho Commirsion anpointed by Secre. tary Suemay to oxomine tho conduct of its business characterizes the precont manago- ment ng coreless and incfiicient. Yot in an iuterview with o Waslingtou reporter Sntur. day, Dr. Youxo claimed that the wholo mat- tor conld bo resclved into morely o personal affair, and that the charges against him wero sotuated by malice nnd jealous; A ——e The yield of precious motals for the year 1877 in the States and Tervtories of tho United States, Dritish Columbis, and the westorn const of Mexico aggregates a valuo of &U8,600,000, which is nu incronse of 7,000,000 over the yield of 1876, tho largest known previously. During tho yenr tho henthen of Indin snd Chinn got $19,000,000 of silver, shipped from Sau Francisco alone, which ought to have !.mnn kopt at home, and which will bo hereafter, if the people havo their way, Gold tagot Total pold coln and fugote...... Bltvertive-franc piecos, lawful tnoney withont Huit..... siiver change, fil fran Poaco rumors of all sorts aro to bo found in tho cablo dispatches. It is reported that the Ruseian commanders in Bulgsrin and Armenia have been instructed to ruceive favorubly all proposftions looking to n truce, and ngain that the Porto Lus declded to aik for an urmistico. It will probably bo found that the nows-gathercrs have auticipated evonts somowbat, und that the wuspen- sion of hostilitics is not so nonr nt hand as o1l this amonnts to, Turkey Lns hardly had time toact in nccordnnco with tho hint undoratood to havo been convoyed in Russin's roply to the Englivh note, and it may well bo doubted whethor the Porto will readily con. sont to the only terms upon which an armisticd would be likely to be granted— ‘which are, the evacnation of Erzerouwm and tho Danubiun fortresuos, Total silver, In franc ® Total gold and wiiver in the Bank of France, 11 fFQUCKsors v seos revennth 214,710,000 Ruducing theso Agures t;)Ft;lnrnl wonoy, they read: 4 ¢iald in the Bank $173, 560, 000 Silver In the Danl 144, Tud, 000 Ho tha Bank holds one hundred sud sixty. fivo soillions Fronch silver dollars (fve-frane pieces, each worth about 97 cents) in addition to more than that sum in circulation smong tho people., And yet the readers of the gold- Lug organ are told that there is compara- tively_littlo allver money in France! Does not an editor who thus doceives his rondors desorve to bo thwacked with o stiffed club? ‘Thie quostion of oternal punishment of tho unconverted ia in o falr wuy to be rodis. cussod by tho divines, The recont sermon of the Tov, . Wanp Berouzsn agaiust the dootrino of everlasting torture of the impeni- tent hay provoked o grent dedl of hostile criticlsm in the East in clorical civcles. The orthodox clergy of Philadelphia are organ- ized, with few excoptions, iuto & socivty kgown a4 tho Minsterial Unfon. Friday 1ast the Union considered thu subject of Hell, "'he result of the discnsvion was' the adop- tion of the following positive resolution, on motionof the Lov, Dr. 8wawv, by & ruing voto: Liesoleed, Thyg we nut on rocord, as the senso of {hls ody, that the old orthodox ducteine of future ond eudless puntsbment of the Bnally tapenitent is firmly held by all Evaogetical churcoes of this day within our lwits, But whilo this resolution reflecta the opin- iou of tho Union, it does not that of all other orthodox clergymen. Mr, Bexcuxs is not thy ouly one who is a **doubter.” Ho is kept in countenunce by au equally emisont divine of the English Episcopal Church, the ev. Dr, Fuenemick Witriax Faguan, Canon of Westminster, and well kuown throughout the Christian world as the suthor of the best “Lifo of Cunst” (hat has over comg from on orthodox pen. In o discourse delivered some wecks bgo iu the veneruble obbey which Lolds so sy illustrious dead, Cuuon Faznas, after quoting Bible pussages cou- tudnng the words ** hell,” ¢* damuation,” and gverissting,” wut}unml ns follows: 1 say unbeaitatingly, T asy with the fullestright to spesk, aud with the necessary kuowledge, 1 say with the calmest and wost unipching sense of responuibility, stauding bere o the sizbt of Gon snd our Bavlos, sud 1t way b of the sageidoud wpirits of the dead, that uog vne of thoas words ought to stand suy Juoges Jo our English Bible; sud that, beinis fnour prescut acceptation of them aluply mistrauslations, they wot unquestionably il not atand i1 the revtecd veruion uf tho Bible, 3 Mku reviacrs bave undentood tueirduty, Toe verb +* o daan]’ 16 the Greek Testament by nelther swory nor lusd 1hon the vetb 'ty condemu. ' Tho word **alontos,” translated *eserlastivg,” o lte Lret scnde theaty **Bge-long," 1 1t sccoud scuse "wml.:Lln.( obove uud Leyond we.’ The word The anniversary of the lssuing of the Emancipation Proclnmation wus yesterdny oclolrated by the colored men of Raleigh, N. 0., by & parude of tho colored companies of the Btate Guard, "Thoy wero roviewed by Gov. Vancs aud Adjutaut-Genoral Joxis, and thon were treated to & speech by tho Governor, in which he told them that it was through 1o good will of Lis own or of the Domocratio party that they wero uble to cel. cbrate the day; that he had done all ho could to provent their freedom, and with hiu party disputed the constitutiouality of tho reconstruction acts, 'Tho Becretary of Btate, even moro conscientious oii the point, abaented bimselt altogether from the celebration, If the colored vitizens. wero not given to undenstand distinetly that thelr freodom and citizenship were begrudged them, it was no fault of the DemocraticBtato ofticers, the Bourbon sort who never learn and never forget auything. The progross of the poce movement is the one subject of intcrest and sttention throughout ol Europs. Enagland's appeor- onco on tho sceno as mediator has divorted sttention from the armies in the ficld, whosa operations are of secoudary importance cotn- pared with the doings of the Cubluet Coun. cile. Russia’s reply to the Euglish nota is assumeod to bave Leen corroctly reposted in the dispatches printed yesterdoy, and {ho comments of the London press arv based upon this assumption. Tho Times, which bas inveriably counseled moderation, per- coives In the reply Do reusou for involving Eugland in & controversy with Nussia; ‘sces mo repson why England should feel herself suubbed unless upon the suppouition that eho.has gone out of Ler wey to provoke o yuerrel,--a theory not without its pluusible sspects, since it is vhowa that strong influcuccs have buen et rendered ‘*hell" ls Tartarus, borrowed ae the name for the prieon of evil splrite, In five vernes 1t 10 Hades, the world beyond the grave; in twelve places 1t Is Qehenna, the valley of flinnum, out- slde Jerasalem, which, after being polloted by cor- ropt practices, was purified by Aire—the metaphar of pnrifying and correcting punishment, whicn, as we all bolleve, doen awalt the Impenitent slancr both here and beyond the gra ness of the depot Tho greste the prod- uct the more rapidly follows exhanstion, Many of the districts oponed in this lnst veriod, like Montans, Idsho, Californis, Yenisci, Victerin, sand many othors, bavo alrendy passed tho point of highest prodnc. tion, Thero ia tittle hopo of finding new rich deposits in any of the known gold dis- tricts, for experionce in Brazil, Anstralls, nnd in most of the gold conntrics shows that tho richost placers axe vory Aoon discovered. Geology points unmistaknbly to a limited supply of gold in the fact that groen, horn- blendo rocks, whother nyenite or dioritle, are the trme gold-bringers. This general union of gold with the green, hornblends rected against him far more frequently than it has boon originated by him ; for ke has boen himself the bright excmplar of all that is known as **monopoly " in railroad manage- ment. Nobody: who understands hamen naturo ond the laws of trade will blamo Mr. fcort for puraning thia policy. e has not mingled the functions of the philanthropist and thosoof tho railroad Prosident, because lio secs they nre not harmonions, Tie known that he cannot satisfy perfectly tho patrons of the road aud ita stockholders at tho samo time, and he prefers to satisfy the latter, being one himsolf and holding his placo at their will, Sinco ho 18 not n philanthropiat, it in absurd to call him one, It in still moro York journals oncouraging & oliquo of ‘Eastern money-lendors to pursuo an equally disreputablo course by threatening a discon- tinnance of the usual interchango of businesd nnloss the West shall recodo from its demand for silver romonetization. The money- londera thus sny, in effect, that they proposs to be repaid in gold alone, not merely for what they shall advance from mow on, but for what they have loancd in past yoors, ond thot if the people of the West do not abandon their constitutional right of en- deavoring to defeat this oxtortion by tawlal means, thoy (the monoy-lenders) will do all they can to injure the business of the West. If this in tho programme, ns the Now York of lovee con. structed, and have a largo snrplns of monoy 1eft ovor to each of the intorested Btates. e JAY GOULD AS A B TIST, That ominent savant, Jax Gourp, has. given our Washington correspondent his views of journalism, and has reprosented to him what tho New York Z'ribuna should Lo to come up to his viowsof the idenl nowspsper. It is snmmed up in one word, tigelonce.” o would have scientific edite ors, roportors, printers, prossmon, paste- pots, and scissors. To be sure, Jax Gourp knows ns little about science ns a pig does of Christianity, and makes as bad work ot bt Y FUTURE BOARCITY OF GOLD~—REDUCTION OF PRODUCTIOR. Prof. Burss, of Vienna, has, in his work on The Future of Gold,” briefly noticed some timo ago in our columns, cited tho facts of geology against the advocates of the gold standard. Drof. Suess has stadied his sab- joet with the thoroughness for which Ger- man invostigators sro remarkable. 'Tho | rocks of different periods, narrows sbsurd to say that he will be governed by | Tritune virtually represents it to Lo, the taiking about it s Mrs. Pmynm did with howela of the earth and the meteorites inthe | the sourca of supply to & lim. | different principles in Toxas and Now Moxi- | Weat can only say: * Go on; put on your Ler articles of * bigotry and virtue,” but he nir are searched for facts bearing on tho pro- | ited mrca. Tho veins, moroover, | €0 than those which hiave controlled him in | serows; wo can stand it as long as you can; in nona tho loss confident that the Now York dnction of sitver and gold, 'The book pre- | fn the more recont volesnio for- Penusylvania, 1f ho is an opponent of | it now becomes 6 question of endurauco 83 Tribune ought * to whoop np" a little sol. sents the Intest information about the gold and silver ylold in every part of tho world, and this ia applied to the question of their relntivo nses a3 money in a wny that shows Prof. Suxss to bo well informed on the prin- ciplea of currency. A rapid review of Prof. Suras' results will Ls useful to thoso who wish to nnderstand the fnture of the mone- tary standards. In Western North America, California, Montaua, and Idaho at first fur- nished o rich yield from washings, but this has fallen away very much, and quartz- mining in theso States has not generally been remuncrativo, Novada and Colorado have been pooter in washinge, but have bad quartzminés of incrensing productive- nees but withont much profit. [n the Navada and Colorado mines, silver and gold are fgpnd together, and the valua of the silvor obtained 14 grester than that of the gold. Tho production of gold in Moxico is on the wane, aud is now inconsiderablo and amounts to but little. On tha western const of South America, all efforls have failed to renow tha rato of production attained at the beginning of this century, and in French Guiava the yield is augmenting on nccount of new discoveries, but the sum produced ia small. Tho Brazilisn deposits, so rich in the last century, are about worketl out, 83 are thoso of thé Woest Indles, so froitful in thasixteenth contury, and those of the eastorn part of the United Statos. The Nova Scotia outtnrm is slight. Tho European placers in Spain, Balzburg, and Bohomis are bars, and jn the BSouthermn Alps and in Wales thero i8 no gold yicld to speak of. Tho only district in which thero is any notable production is in the voleanie region of the Carpathian Moun- tains. 'The veins thero contain silver as well o8 gold, but some of thom are trus silver voins, furnishing much loss gold than silver. The Russian yield Ia from washings, and is kept up by the constont extonsion of the ter- ritory worked over. 'The Australian diggings havo lost thelr productivencss to a groat cx- tont, and tho quartzauines do not give enough to make good the docrease; conse- quently the Australian gold product is rapid- ly docronsing. Quoonsland, whero tho scarch for gold Is being constantly pushed farther into the wildorness, is tho only part of Aus- tralia which shows au increase in the re- turns. Tho New Zealand flelds, after many fluctuations, aro now less productive, Much the greater poré of the known African gold country has been worked over, and it 18 only in tho unexplorod rogions of that vast continent that new flelds may ba looked for, Clina, so far as known, las no extensive gold deposits, nud whatover s obtained frow its flelds s outirely absorbed in the jnternal trado of the couniry. No relioble figures with regard to the Indinn gold aro obtainable. 'The only othor places which there is reason to ragard as gold-pro- dueing, thal have not boon fully explorad, aro tho Dlack Hills- district, and in South America the eastorn slope of tha Cordilleras and the northern watershed of the Amazon. Prof. Suxss bas prepared o' tablo in which the anuual yield of minos is sot on ono aldo, and of washings or diggings on tho other. T'ho present rato of production by the formor is £39,200,000 a yoar, and of the lattor $116,- 800,000, The groat praponderatico of the diggings over the mines at onve arrosts our attention, and yet the figures of the mine yield are more favorablo than hes ever be- fure been the case, while tho yield of the most important washings is sinking from yoar to year. Tho total gold product of the world from Jan. 1, 1848, tho boginuning of tho new poriod of *gold productlon, to the ond of 18756, Buess puts at %3,560,800,000. Of this immonse sum, tho minés produced only 12,02 por cent, and the washings 87,08 por cent, Of the prosont anoual prod- u.t, the mines furnlsh BL.70 per cent, and the washings of America, Russia, aud Aus. tralin 65,24 per cent. WinTxey, in 1834, estimated the amount of gold got from wash. ingy at nine-tenthis of tho total product up to that timoe, and that from the mines at cne. tonth, Whatcver defects of detall thero mny L in Suzss’ or Wintnex's. figures, thoir gen- cral drift is overwhelming in its siguiticanco ng to the fatura of gold, Tless flyures ahow incontrotertibly that it G Lo the yield of the alluvial depovits only that we are to lok in aatimabing the future part of gold in currency, and this yield is continually decreasing, Apart from tho silver-gold voius of such districts as Nevada and Colorado, the history of every goll country is the same. Frue gold is found ofton in lasgo nuggata; richer und richer deposits aro discovered. An ex. {raordinury amount of gold is ubtained in tho firet year or two, Boon the highest point ot production is reachod, and it begins to sink, and part,of the capital and lubor iy turnedintotheuncertainticsof quartz-mining! Tho yicld of the washings gocs on steedily docronsing, nunless stimulated by hydraalio operations, and in these tho judependent working of individuals soon hos to give way 10 tho organized offorts of corporations or capitalists, It is for thesa rensous that the greatost gold yleld is always on tho outskirts of civilization,—a fact noticed by obscrvers as far apart as Jleaoporus and Ilunsoror. Gou- grophical discovery aud gold production have gono hand in haud, In oncient times, lodis, the tablo-lands iu tho interfor of Asia, East- cru Pensia, perhaps tho Ural aud the Altal Mouutains, then Arabis, snd the upper waters of - the Nile, Sofala, as fur as it can be identified with Ophir,the mountainy of Thrace oud those of Dacis, aud tho Iburian Penin. sula, woro the sourccs of the gold supply. In the carly middle sges. Bohemia begun to furnbil somoe gold. Civilizatlon powsed in Furope and gold grew scarcor, while the Moors obtained African gold. Tho discovery of the New World followed ; first tho West Indics gavoup their gold, and thon Brazil and the enstern port of what is now the United States. Asmall stream of gold tlowod in from Africa. With tho begiuning of this century work was resumed in the Ural aud Altai Afountniny, aud the line of tl:o European gold-ields began to be pushed farther aud further castward. It was not till 18438 that enco, and that Mr. Wirrenaw Remp, the young editor in tho tall towoer, ought to use bottor languago in Lis editorinls, s0 as to make the paper.“high-toneder.” With one branch of scienco 3r. Gourp is familiar, 116 {s well up in mathemntics ns applied to puts, calls, margins, rings, cornars, augles, and the other jargon of epeculntive science in which the bulls and bears of Whall stroet Indulgo ; but this is not the sort of sclence fia wants, What ho yearns for is the simon« puro Toston scionce. He wants the Tribune to consider sclentifia rosnlts and demonstra. tions, and to contomplate the loftior nspects of human existence ns they do in Doston. “Ttead the Boston papers,—they nre justimy style," says Jax Gourp. To nccomplish this remlt, it is evident that Mr. Gourp must in the first instance bounce Mr. Wurrznaw Reto. Mr. Rempisa young man of gorgeous surronndings and festivo disponition. Ho has not that calm reposo, that sedate solomuity, that analytical .inwnrdness, that profound gloom, that lofty sour and comprehonsive sweop of vision that soe processions of cquinoxes in the starry skios, glacial periods on the mountain sido, carboniforous strata ribbing the hills, logn- rithmie tables spread on flowery mends, crype togamous gantitures at every maenn, o Leon- tadon Taraxacum in every lowly dandelion, Dbioplasma in the yeast, and tibin and fibis in overy lovely limb, To Mr, Warreraw Rz, a yellow primroge is only & yollow primrose. He writes on the Good, tho True, and the Beautifal, delights in long columns of boller explosions, enthuses over a murder, smiles upon n scandal, and bolds a sonsation as dear as tho apple of hisoye! Such aman can nover Batisfy Jay GouLp's scientific ideas, and™ho must thotefore bounco him. The next step ahould be to subsidize the editor of tho Boston Journal, and mount him, specta~ clos and all, upon Mr. let's vacant tripod. The Journal is o acientifio paper. It s slow, solomn, sodate, and sleopy, like nll other sclontists. Its discussions ave toploftieal, subjectivo, nnd introspective. It never smiles. It looks at every item through the spoculum, aualyzes every dispatch with a microscope, cuts roprints with n senlpel, and uses majolica paste-pots. Even {ts adver- tisopents aro “sicklicd o'er with the pala castof thought.” Polonius was not more pro- found, tho Gravedigger not moro motaphys- ical, Zamlet himsel? not inore incisive and sardonically philosophical. Having fixed his oditor, ho has a numerous corps of asslstanta that ho can call upon to assist him, Thers are Mr. Exznson and his red slayer; Mr. Josern Coox nnd his bioplasms; Mr. Srov- yonp with his occultations, and orbits, and logarithms; Col. IxaEssoLL with his mato- rialisms; Prof. Mansn with his paleozoio proportios; young Acassiz with his fchthy- ologicat itch; Prof. Tioz and Old Proba- bilities with their oreas of low bnrometers and suporb colleationof storm-contres § Prof. Youmaxs with his whole Popular BScience AMonthly corps; snd lastly, tho American Association of Scienco. With such an army ns this in the editorinl-rooms, Jax Gourp in tho counting.room, nnd somo loarned Pro- fossor in the pross-room, the New York Z7rib. unas wonld be truly scientific, and would no tonger bo disfigured with Mr. Reto's capors and prancings, Mr, Riruey's unscemly levi- ties, Bavarp Tavron's persifingo, Mr. Has- ganp's burbaric aud sensational whoops as he scalpa the prima donna, ond Br. Winrza's tropos and metaphors, boneath which he burles actors alive, With such & corps as this, the Now York Tribune would ro-estab. lish the original status of tho Stono Man of Colorado ns ho stalked in solitary gran- dour through the Garden of the Gods; ana~ Iyze the substauce of dead Senator's alimen- tary canal; run a frog down throngh hia pollywoggian purgatory to his batrachian ba sis, as bo floated about in the greon soum of bisnative puddle ; startle tho world with seven columns of uonpareil on the facial angloof o knngaroo ; prove by logarithms, mayhap, tho compelition in one place he will be in the other. . Itis o safo statement that tho Southern Rond, whoover builds it, will not bo.used for compotition farther than may bo nocessary to obtain a fair share of business, If tho Con- tral Pacific Company builds and controls tho now route, it will linve the strongest intorest to giva it full employmont, and for this reas son tho rates will bo placed low. enough to attract tho greatest volume of business. For tho ssme renson, tho existing live will dimin- ixh its tariff. It cannot do othorwiso and re- .tain its proper proportion of the through trado. The romedy egainst extortion is not tho Lnilding of many new lines to transact thoe busincsa which is mow scarcely more thaa sufficient for wo, but the strongarm of the Government which in an omorgency can work a sudden cure. The mansgers of the Pacific Companies know porfactly well what the Government ean and will do it pushed to cxtromitics, and they will always stop short of oppression that can provoke Governmont interforence, This discussion is, it mey well b said, premature. Until tho road is built and put in operation, thers noed be no concern about the mothods of its mansgoment. DBut since tho friends of Tox Bcorr have ralsed tho question, and seom disposed to forco it upon publio attontion; the trath cannot bo told too soon or too plainly, The building of the Southorn Pacific has never Leon justi- fied on tho ground of its prospective useful. noss as a compoting line. It has always been spoken of s chiefly o locnl benofit, designed to open up tha rosources of the tarritory traversed by it, and particularly to aid the Bouthern States of the Union in so- curing o part of the Pacific commerce. Tho question of lowering through rates has al- ways boen held to be comparativoly unim- portant, and would nover be sprung now but for the dosporation of Tom Scorr. The Tacific ond of the proposed line will be in tho hands of the Central Pacific Company, whoover may build the Texas part of it. Tho dificulty of compotition under these ciroumn- siances will bo ad great as if the Mownzy bill shonld pass Congress, and the Southern Paocific Road shonld be extonded throngh Arizona and New Moxico to El Paso in Toxas, Tho proposition is, in brief: Shall tho Con- tzal Pacific Company be permitted to'do for nothing the work which the Toxas Pacifio Company domand $25,000 per mile for doing? This i8 & question which honest men can liardly help answoring in the aflirmative. R mation containing & gront denl of silver, bavo littla teniloncy to make rich doposits, and, in spito of the richnessof the Comstock lode, thoy have added littlo to the storo of gold owned by maukind, The largest part of the gold product has come only from that part of the wor]d whero the surfaca containg tho resulta of tho disintegration of the older formoation named above. Bearing these facts in mihd, especially the shallow, diffnsod nature of the gold doposits, tako away from the surface of the cartl that part which is coverod by the ses, by marshes, the steppes of Itwssin and Asta, tho prairies of North Amoricn, the plaina of Australia, the moun- tain ranges of rocent formation, aud the fce of tha North Pole, and then from the ro- mainder take awny tha surface wlich, in the courso of past ngus, has Loen moro or less thoroughly worked over, and the conclusion ia inevitable that much mre than half the atlainalle gold las already Wen acguired by wmon. But an im- monse portion of the earth's surfaco left after the abovo subtractions cannot be thor- onghly worked on neconut of climato. Siberia and Africa it will be impossible to exploit ns Australia and California havo been. Tho time has come when tho production of gold will diminish in ratio as extraor. dinary ‘na the recent ratio of its incrense, and when the metal, on account of its growing searcity, cannot be kept in its present place in currency. With silver the case is vory different. We ara not dependont for it, as for gold, on the uncartaintios of now geogrnphieal discoverics, Its supply is stendier nud largor, Silveris ot found freo in deposits, like gold ; it in assoclatod with n wider geologia formation thau go'd, and its veins aro so large and so numerous that it is neither likely to flnctuato in the production as gold has done, nor to bo oxhnustod ns gold will be, Theso things manko it much moro suitable than gold forn permanont monotary standard, Anothor circumstanco that makes the de- clining production of gold a mora serious objection to its uso ns tho monetary stand- ard fs the growiug demand from tho arts for gold. This in every European country s increasing yoarly, Prof, Suess hus mado n caroful compilation of tho figures showing this fact. Thb limitations laid by nature on the gold supply aro hostile to tho gonoral introduction of - that metal as the monoy standard, The gold standard haa often been associated by its supporters with the cause of froo-trade, which iz to be holped by tho universality of n single gold standard, But while trade-treaties can be wmnde by human ogreement, the question of tho monetary &tandard fnvolves a matorial governed by physieal laws. Freo trado calls for the greatest possible uniform- 1ty of money; overy exclusive atandard im-. pedos it; consequontly the atruggle to intro- duco o universal single standard of gold, in opposition to tho Iaws of its production, can nnd only in the most sorlous disturbances, ond will o oue of the greatcst concelvablo lindronces to froe trade. England, as thoe goea on, will feel moro and mora tke disnd- vantagos of hier plugle standard. Tho atrug- glo betwoen nations to got the advantage, by pecuring mora than their share of the avall. nble gold, will not be tho lenst of tho obsta- cles in tho sprend of freo trade. The worthy, right, and peaceful solution of this conflict of intentions nud interests lies in the intor- national agrecment which has been proposed on all sides, 'This might result in somothing liko the Latin Union, or to & concort of action like that proposed by the Vienuna Convontion of 1857, In this way tho bullion murket could be kept morc stendy, and the world conld bo protected from an {uternn. tiongl war of standards, whoso snd reanlts can bo easily foroscon, which would infliet great damago upon whola nations not in foult, or confer, without desert, groat advan- tages on othor motions, and would prove & lamentsblo elemont of contin- ‘unl disputos, ond of fluctuations in the valus of all property. ‘The late universal depros. won of trude hus shown too plainly how closoly tho Interests of all peoples are united for us to suvpose that this question can bo properly and prospovously sottled by tha in- barmonious action of scparato States. DBut if tLis concort of nction cannot La attained, cnly oue course is loft open to o prudent na- tion. It Is the ndoption of the silver standard, with a coilateral voinage of gold, the valuo of which shall bo regulated by tho current bullion valuo of gold, This course cor- responds best to the physical relations of the two metals, nnd tho dauger of ovorpro- duction of silvor will boe removed by the gugmentation of the number of its consum- ers. Gold will’ becomna moro and more the decoration of the rich, like dismonds, butit will cengo to bo the currency of the world. —e TOM BCOTT'S COMPEFING" LINE, Tho proposition of certain persons fnter- cated in tho Central Pacifio Compnby to con- struct tho Houthern Pacific Road without money-aid from the Government does not most with the approbation of Tox Beorr and Lis allies. 'They assert that the Ceutral Pa- cific people have entered into this schome with a view to controlliug all the trans-con. tinental liney, avd thereby proventing compe- tition, 'fox Hoorr is put forward as tho apostle of competition,—the one man of all olhiers who, if Le should obtain corftrol of an {udependent line to tho Pacifio, would not be voaxcd, bullied, or bought into a pool or slliance of any description. "Tox Bcorr has never boen a consistent ad- vocate of railrond competition, 1o is now at the hoad of ouv of the greatest railroad systemy of this country, and his policy has always been to combing with other cowpa- nies wienover it was forhisinterestto do so, Ho has formed more ** pools™ than any other roilroad wmsu in the country; hos always beon the readicst to foin and the most roluctant to leave them, and has kept tho tariff of his road undor all circumstances a4 high o8 circumstances would permit Lim to koep it. He Las nover begun a railroad war well as justice.” Asfar ns the City of Chicago is concerned, it can get along very comfortably without any New York monoy. Al the city authori- 1ica nood do is to agree upon the terms of n popular lonn, Tho revonuo warrants have becrf'dgoided valid and lawful by the courts. Thoy should bo issued in smnll amounts, drawing G por cent interest, pnayable quar- tarly or somi-annually on regular dnys. Buch warrnnts proporly put bofore the peoplo will o rapidly takon up at home to the full ox- tant of the city's ncods. Indeed, they will Do in & certain senso a public Dblessing, as thoy will farnish a safo investment for hat class of peoplo who have lost faith in navings banks, but want some means for in- vesting their money where it will bring thow juterost nnd still be availablo atany timo. These warrants can always be negotiated on favorabla torms, and it is on all accounts the bost plan tho city can adopt. Meanwhile, tho New York money-lenders.nloy confine themselves ns long as they plonse to invest. monts in the sacurities of their own city, whose dobtis sbout ton timos as large By ours, orin Now York real estate, which has doprociated from 80 to G0 per cont more than ours. com— ¢ THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER LEVEES. ‘Thero in n controversy among the memnbers of Congress from the Southwestorn States ss 1o whothor thoy should take nu appropris- tion of $45,000,000 all at onco to loveo the Mississippl River, or whether it would not bo bettor to take but $4,000,000 at firat, and thon, having committed the Government to tho expendititre, continuo tho annual appro- priation of that sum indofinitely. The New Orleans Times advocates taking tho $4,000,- 000 o year, rathor than the round sum.. The rensons are, that if $45,000,000 be given this year, then there might bo objections hereaf- tor to giving any more, but the mere gift of 24,000,000 o year would not attract so mucl attention, nnd may continue during the next twenty, thirty, or fifty yeors. Thon there is the suggostion that possibly tho appropris. tion of 245,000,000 might meot with somo opposition, whilo it is nssumed 1o one will ever objoct to the smaller exponditure. It seems like cruelty to suggest that the confl. dont expectation of the peoplo of tha Mis- slssippi River States that Congresa will go jnto the reclamntion-of-land business is doomad to overwholming dissppolntment. The Missisaippi River is subject at cortain sensons to freshets and overflows, and tho ‘outlets for tho water being too small to meot thesa sudden demands, the consequenco is that the surplus flood covers a wide aron of low land. Tho rivor, left to itself, works out channels for its own cseaps, but tho policy of man hns boon to stop all those natural outlots called crevasses and compel the river 1o tako o particular route. It is roprosented that, if tho Missiasippi River be walled in,— that s if nrtificial embankments be erented for 1,200 miles,—tho wator can be confined within & certain width, and that many millions of neres of cholco and productivo lands, worth on an averago §50 an acre, will ba roclaimed. The schomo is that the Government shall, from tho procecds of goneral taxation, con- struct these vast sinbankments, and theroby roclaim theso milliona of acres of land now valneless; and It is estimated that, having {hus drained and pormauently protectod the privato proparty of a fow hundred citizens, the conntry will enjoy untold blessitigs from {hp couscionsness of having done a generous thing, and done 1t well, Thoe New Orloans Zimes does well to sug- gest a doubt whether Congress will vote an appropriation of 45,000,000 at thia sesslon. We suggost, howaever, o plan by which all objection to this loves improveinent can be romoved, the money nocessary to construct tho lavees bo obtained, a large profit bo pald into tho Treasury, the navigation of the Tiver bo securod, nnd tho now desolate and abandoned lowlanda biecome a very tronsury of national wealth, To such a schema thero will be uo objection in Congress, nor muong ‘thio people of the Nortli; all constitutional difiienlties will bo removed, and the work can go on directly and rapidly. The Now Orleaus papor says 1’ Forty-five milions is not an extravagant sum to spand for thu objects sought. llolland has spont voatly more for vastly swaller rosulta, Dut the pablic mind ¥ in & wood to ba slarned by large apnropriations, soven whero a vast profit to the country {a certaln to accrue, By golow aboutit gradually, and demonstrating tho benofila yeor by year, opposition will pass away, and the whole ‘country witl willingly and iutelligontly approve, | ‘'hie plan we suggest iy that ko admirably snccossful in Holland. ‘The Governmont takes oll the lnnd that it reclaims from tho water, If the Government of tho United States shoutd expond o miltion of dollars, and thus reclaim o halfaniliion of acres, this Iand conlit at onco be sold to tho lighest bidder for cash, and the procesds could be st once applied to the work necessary {o re- cluim another twenty miles of river frout and anotber half-million or mora of acres of valuable, becauso most productive, land. ‘Uuless those ut the Bouth who have estimat. od this whole business faro mistaken iu their supposition of tho number of acros aud the quality and productiveness of the laud which will be restored aud becomo subject to permaneut production, the laud itsulf will not only poy the whole cost of the work, but will leave su fumenso profit to the Governwent. It is so profitablo that we wonder why tha Ststes borderiog on the river do not go into tho business, 'Tennossoe would rocover land enough not only to lovas the river, Lut to pay the State dobt; Arksnsaswould open o new region to sottlemont which woull attract sn imuweuse population, aud the Stute would not oaly bo ablo to poy for Lnproving her river front, but would bave alarge surplus, which, in. vested, would pay the whole exponses of tha State Government. While Congross might do this and reap all the profit it would not be objectionsble to let the States dothe work and have all the beuofit aud all the profit. ‘e laud to be reclaimed is so valua- Ll and so extensive that there will be no difficulty in getting monoy advauced on it to YPUTTING ON THE SCREWS. e spacial offort has been made to give wide notoriety to the statement that the city authoritios of Chicago recently applied to o New York bank for an advance of $1,000,000, secured by tho first rovenues from the tax- lovy of tho year, but that the loan was re- fused “‘unless tho bonds wero Issued on o gold basls.” Wa do not know whother such application was mado or not, though tho use” of tho word * bonds” wonld indicate that it may woll bo doubtoed, as bonds would not be issued in ooy case, but only revenna war-’ rants drawn on tho tax-levy aud to ba pald out of the first collections, On the samo day, a statemont was also mado that suother Western city—name not given—had likewiso npplied m Now York for a loan of ©1,600,000, which was similarly refused oxcept on a gold basia. Now Loth these statemonts emanate from the New York T'ribune,—~n not overscrupu- lousorgan of tho money-lendors who want 10 onforco the payment of all debts in gold, nud they were associated with & num- ber of Items of similar import. It was eald thot a largo. loun company had recently issued ordors to make no trank- uctions cxcopt on n gold basis; that tho managers of cortain tinancial institutions had resolved to lond no more monoy on roal ostato except with tho contract that intorest and principul should be paid in gold; that ono bauker had refused to make a loan of 13,000 in greonbacks for nincty days, be- causo ho feared the remonetization of silver in the meantimo would bring sbout such'n dupreciation as to overbalanca the intorost ; that other bunkors were disposing of thoir United Btates bonds procipitately on account of the same spprohension ; aud other things of a liko significanco, 1t may bo, or it may ot be, that tho Now York bankers and other money-londors havo decided to lock up thoir idlo money and to go withont interest for & fow months. It s not a thing that Eastern wmoney-londers are likely to do, aud tho New York T'ribune's statemonts wero grouped togethor and pre. sentod oy 1f with tho purpose of terrifying tho Western people. It is also worth poting that these statements corre- poud with tho advice whick the Tribune Lias recently beon giving its moncyed constit- uonts, and it is just possiblo that the news- poper imaglnes that its advice bas gonerally been followed, whon it has not, Noverthe- luss, 1t anny be that certain money-lendors bave detennined upon this courss, It is thelr privilego to do so, if they think best. ‘Wo bave no doubt they would all Jike to leud groenbacks under tho agreement thiat tho dobt shull be repaid in gold; in fuct, their whole struggle now is to compol the payment in gold alone of obliyations that Wore cou- tracted in greoubacks, made paysble iu groenbacke iu case of non-revumption, aud iu githerxilvoror goldin theevent of resumption, Itis ulsotheir privilugo tocontiue theirloans to a gold basls by spocial contract; they cau do 50 uow, and they can do so equally well after {he remonetization of thesilver dollar, They can olso refuss to loan their money on auy terms, if thoy sce fit. Thore i no ob- jection to be mude to the Legitimnto exercise of the privilego of -every wmsn to mansge bis own affairs, but there {sthe sawe objection to s converted wmove- ment to iutimidato the people in this silver discussion o4 thers is to any otber conspir- scy. 'Thonawmo of * bulldozer™ is an unen- viablo sobriquet bitherto opplied to a cer- tain class of Bouthorn pooplo who have sought to coorco thu unegrocs to voto tho {ug doubts that crushed tho German philoso- pher &3 he contowplatod on bLis death-bod the rich posuibilitios of tho dative casoof & verb in *mi" In this mennor, Mr. Jax GouLp may ‘ whoop-up somo sclence,” + culturo socloty more consorytively," and make Liu poper ¢ high-toneder™ than it can aver be undor its presont sonsational, light, and airy ndministration, e POPULATION, Serlbuar's Monthly for Jauuary contains what oughit to have been made an Intercating article on the comparative lucrease of urban sod rural population ju the United Biates; but it only gives the chiel cities, leaving out the lurue town and village population, snd henco its artlcle is of no value. The Cinclunath Commer- elal bas tricd to supply this omission in the case of ten States, and It poluts out the following wmong the cousequences of excesslvye urban growthi 1. Cuucantration of population. 4. Coucentration of wealth, 4, Dreakiog down tho grest midle class. 4. The lucreass of the pooT 8t & very much grester ratio thsn that of the population, 8. 'Tho Incresse of tho power of reallzed wealth, &, Increaso of mortality snd efeminacy. 7. Increass uf vice aud erime. & Physieal and moral degeneracy. . Jucreaaing peril u tree Lastltutions, Accurate statlitica, caretully aad houestly bau are fudispousatla to & foll understandiog of our nomical, sozlal, potitieal, woral, sud educational relss s, We ‘mado s somewhst tedious scrutiay of the bate uf New York sud scparsted the satire lown ponulatiun from that of tho purcly rursl, sad dad iy grand sgaregats t have beon,. i 1370, 834,k Total papulstios Topal rmuitatio Lursl ulatian. }mm"." S il S0, 18 2,950 $.w7,304 e 1,664,317 i, 3 uciuass f nnfi‘?:uu::“.t: Ribs cresssof Tursl jupuiatio b S raay por cont—Tutal, 41: Grbau, 711 Tural, 8. Athurouxh saslysls for the whole Stdte of Musss: chusetts gives s rural increuss duriug sbu two decaded Of but 7 pur ceut, Agelust au Uriau Increasaut Ul per cent. Weresll tbe tuwn populsiln of enosylvaula gathered up, the rursl focreass would be fusad to Lave been sbout 10 cr cout. aud the urbeis 120 per cout. 18 Ilitnots, o comparstively bew State thsi was chiedy setticd duriug tho twadreades, we nl thirteen cltles snd tuwns of Over 7,000 pcople In 1970 that can be compsred with 1830, Tl agaresatos are: v, 1830 w9l 831470 444473 el 16T State populatiun. e Culiforuis, and afterward Austrulis, brought | cacept for the purposs of forcing some rival | Democratio ticket, or to compel them to re- | coustruct the levees. So, really, we think the l}n‘"(:: Ui B opuialio :z;n forward their iuumense product—tho amount | comspony into b * pool,” or continuod vnes | frain from voting altogother, by threatening | Bouthiorn peoplo are standing in their own | 1Echass of cursl Jobutation rfogor turol. 10 by Ceutiait i Were all the Towus and viilages of the biste alfted out, the rurel lucrcte wuuld be Juusd 10 Bave busd of which was due quite as wach to the ener- gy ond efficiency of tho work as to the rich- them with personul violeuce or loss of em- ploywment. But it scowms to us that the New, moment louger than wes necessury 1o secoms plish this vorvoss. Cowustition hgs beun dis light waiting for the slow action of Congress, when they might ko to work at once ond . actuat sizo of tho lnat bone in tho tail of ko & Makrospondylus ; ond settle the last lugers t: mnmkmdgnfm 'OF URBAN AND BO- sualnst 1,UGL 31710 16340, Wa lisve now e following: ) 5 ey G e o ek S R AN R PR (I T v