Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, December 28, 1877, Page 7

. by waye of 11IE CIIICAGO '1RIBUNE: FRIDAY, DLCEMBER 28 1877, DRITISH INDIA. Famina Can Only Be Prevented by Irrigation. -+ How India Buffers, and Is Taxed and Plundered by the English. gpeeches hy Joln Dright and Sir Ar: thur Cotton Telling the Naked Trath. Dispater to Loniton Times. Mancmesres, Fog., Dec. 13.—Yesterday al- ternoon a large mecting of merchants, manu- facturers, and others was held fn the Manchies- ter Town-Hall to hear addrestcs from Mr. Bright and Bir Arthur Cotton upon the subject of famines In India and of the means of prevent- fuz them by works of {rrigation. The chalr was taken by the Mayor (Mr. Alierman Gruudy). BIl ARINUR COTTON, who was received with cheers, sald hie was no statesman, bul merely an engineer who hpd denlt with water all bis Hfe, sud the meeting must not expect ansthing further from hin than those matters which belonged properly 1o his profession. [Bir Arthur had lived in India foriwenty-five years ns a clvil engineer, suil was perfectly famiiiar with the Irrigution matters and the needs of fndia.] In the last Bluo Book, Just Issued frum the India Oflice, there was this paragraph: * The capital outlay on the Godnvery works was £740,000, on the Kistnah works £460,000. The net revenue from the capital outlay on the Godavery, Kistnah, and Cauvery Delta works for a scries of years was 21, 15, and 86 per vent, respectively.” Now, he must fairly ut It whether thesa worka Indicated n vis- onsry or n practical acheno ou the Indle Oflice’s own verdictl (lear, hear} The question of Irrigation and finprovement of Indla was now put in a very strong llght Indecil by the recent fanvine, ond 10 some respecis I had halled (wo_famie, for Le believed nothing #hortof It wonld hava nroneed rufliclent atiention to this great_subject, India and England were In tha most astonialiing manner the nupplewents af oach other. \What one wanted the other bad on both sides. Tha 210,000,000 of laborigns, dille gent, woll.conducted peoplo of India were exacily Seiat. Tingiand wanicd nou to farther her piAne, both to supply hri;«lux materials and witl oo, and #lso (0 make Yso of hor mannfactures, [Ape [innse] \we hiad_apent $450,000, 000 on ratlwase n India, and wo had Incutred a deit ot 824, 000, - 000, making altogether $800,000.000, On uew ferigntlon_warks we had spent only $100, 000, 000, and we had spent, n comtequency of oar neglect: ing to do anytling, at least 2100, 000,000 In valnly endeavoring to save lves in the famiue. We had lont probably in tho last three famincs 2,000,000 of people for went of lrriga- tion works, [ Ho therefors Iear, hear.] said that we have had ample experienco of all three plang of landeatriage, of irrigation and water cuerfage, and of doing nothing. — [Heae, hear] Thequestion was whether rajironds costing S100,+ 000 & mile were anlied to the wants af -Indla or not? Would they provent famiuce? Would they enrich the people? Wanld they ralse them from tholr stato of poverty and cvil of varione kinds? Was ludia In 8 condition to pay the Int nterest of $800, 000, 000 for a greal luxury bocaunso Knglaml wns? Tlhe prescnt Lord Derby, when he was Lord Stanley, astd on thls subject **An to roads he ‘was afrald wo wore in danger of hclng misled by the precedent and example of Encland. It eccnmed 10 be thought that because costly lines of rajiway wera sultable for this couniry they were suitable for Indla. e beligred and ro did more competent jmlt;en that that sysiem of prucesding wana’ com- pleto mistake.” "That was his (8ir A, Colton's) ¥low of the subject, What lnd been tho result of this $800,000,0000 There were 7,000 miles of rallroad{ tho sverage retarus wero 3 per cent. The total lnee fn interest on abara caplial and intorest on thae dobt was $15,000,000 n year, ‘The quantity carried—it was a poor country—~was only 190,000 tons on nn averaes over all the 7,000 miles; the charge fur carriaze was twocentss mile; but including the loss Ly the debt it amounted to theea cents a ton per inile. ‘I'lie number of travel. crs paasing was 470 a day, of whoim less than 1 per cent oro first-cluss passcngers, o1l the rost prefor. ring & slgwerapeed and s Jower charge, Wus this 100,000 tons por unnum dotni the work of India or 1t not? The quewtlun was, I8 trausitof this sort anything Jike what suits the wanteof tho coun. try? 1t was an entize delnsjon, Nelthier the pri nor tho quantity In tho lenst degree met the wants of Indis, tie would {llustrale it by one thing, the whont trade, The average cost of wheat fn tha northwest of India 02 centsa bushel; The morchants' charge and freight and everything in connection with’ bringlug it to Calcutia wae 02 cents, making $1.24, and the land carriags was about conts, mnking $1,02, . Therefore, rlz, land carripge &t the average rale, land could not ba mupplied with wheat from Iudlas but put water carriaze on that ljno at ong- twentioth of the cliarge, and the Inland carrfage ‘wos aimoat anniblisted, and under the clreus stances thero was nothing to prevent an immense ‘wheat trade being traneforred from the Unlied States to Indin, and nolhln'f stood In tho way af it $ bnt the expento of Inland land . carringe,” This yoar they reckon&i that $175,000.000 worth of wheat and other corn would be bronght to En- land, and ont of that Lire wad notling to prevent 000, 000 of 1t belng brought from India but for this cost of internal carriage, 'This was only one specimen of what India was suftering for want of oflictent carriage. But sco whut ths rosult of fz- rigation had been, A gentleman hign In ofice had #l'm figures to show tuat the actual returns of il tho Government works were 4% porcent for the west and 40 per cout for the highest, and that tho wverage of all was 03; per cent. 1o was au India Oftco man, of cou under the_Influence of the atmosphere ha was breathing, and was ln no dan- ger of cxaggerating the returne, Wherever Irriga. tlon had buen carsied out, without onoe exception, famine had_been totally aud etfectually stopped, {Oheers.] Vet in the Indian Budgct, 1o the onss of Commons, there was no word fo imply that lio dis- thers were suth resulls of irrigation, tricts which paid fntereat on the mousy e: and that werv prescrved from the fam which bad poured food intotha fi wera never montloned, hut tres Again, the ana sccrot, with reference o the sabject of Irrigatlon, ras Administzation had tssncd a report of zes, In which there wasno sccount whatovor of tlie 40,000 old irrigstion works in that Iresie dency; whether these works ere in repair, whether ey fully answer the purposes, whe they can e (mprovad or not, wheiher thoy can be more sffaciually supplied, thero was not ona word of ioformation on the subject. What muat be the strongth of that bias wiich could thus ore this cardinal polut fo the management of the Madras Prosidency? [llu Ho also cum- lfluneu of Indian roports, 1l ey apeak only of o Clovernment prodt an wark; he grent queation ‘was what eflect tho works Lave upon tho country altogethor, [Hour, Hear,] We had spent $100,- ,000 upon_irrigation worke, and we are apend- Ing- £50,000,000 more upon them now, end the encral result was (his—that the avorage cost of rrivating, draigiog, embauking, aud supplylng the Tund with uaVization from tho grpat rivera hai bean £10 acre, aud the ave ncreaso of pruduce alane due to drrigstion b acre, or 80 per ceut, beaides accarin, frowmn the river tooding, carrying off the rains, and vnpplying carriugy st & nominal’price; 50 “th the works were certafuly, on an average, at this moment ylelding (o the country’ 100 per cent. (Applauss,] Why wae Englaud (o be kept oficluly In perfect ignorance qn Lhts sublect, Hpeaking uian cuyineer who Lad truveled over tha beat purt of ndla, aud for twenty-qix years wasincharge of the very districts which bad wuftered from famine, hiv awsertion wus that there 1 nut o district fn Indis that could nut e mporo or lees trrignied; there was not w msin hine of communicution thet conld not by formed inta & perfectly offective steamimat cansl, and that there Wusnots rm of Indis whch ronld not be resched aavigation which should be eztended to evory ther part of Indla, 80 st It vur {rrigation worke partially fail, there might sthl be souiy re- maius of famine, and there would be noliitug vaster than toley all fidis under coatributions to supply food and prevent deaths, Then, with reepoct to the native tunks, they were distributed over the. mative country which had wudvred su dreadfuliy from famine, ~They wore lnvalnable n vincteen i“" vt of tventy, yot they falled in such a te, lo year as this becuuss the greater part of thon—~ mot all—are dependent — upon toe local rlus, aud when the local ralus - fal] he ' tmuks themselves full, Was it not & question whether we can supply these 1anke from the great rivers whichdo not fml? 1lad thip ever bavu | d intor Had the Government surred thomselves snd kepl the Enzinecr Corps © contiuually at work Lo sed what could be done lo accure a perfectly cortaln supuly (o thers vait and magoifcent works of the uatives? ‘Were these taniss pul ln repair, or weie they—ui tenthsof them certainly—outof repair moreor aod were they capsble of extension and of fa- crensa? Are ihese notgquestions for ust Une great Pproject that had beyn before tho Guverment fur ulfl was the forwation of 4 magulfdent reservorr hold 3,500,043, 000 cubic yurds of wale| whicl, st & lovel of 1.600 féet sbove tue would command mine-tenths of tho wholo peuin- sula of inaia. Thie wasunly 8 mer apechinen vf what had been pressad upou’ the tigverament. but 4t conld pot be esucuted. From this greal reservoir, 1l it were made, thero migit bo isid thtee ur four Mpes of mavuifidect frrigutivg canaly to convey the water in vast tracis_of cuuniry sud 1o 8 very hbp)\p portiop f the Madray i'rcvidoncy. Prob- y at 8l supplied e least 10,000 tanks could be étfectively m ALt on reservolr ulone, |The [ walee coveriug b, and some of the 5B.] Sach works wonld cost u the worky already sxecuted for two jea- Ouo iy, thal tue Bpper couniry ia lnvre un , that the ralug Of woney his considerstly sitered. But Micre was sowething on the o side, which was Wis: Allare Lad sccompliaied was tha resull of dur appreuticeship, yet tveu thess works refurn iy per cont 1o thw Governwent, sud that ingiuded 3t our wistakes ond all our falurce. ‘hesetore, we migut un‘lnldl L1bat works executed in future, after sil bhi4 cXpcuee, Biust be 10 soma o= Bpects chvaper thau the older oucd, With reepect 1 the sturing of the water, ous wight lwaging whul Js Iu¢ quantity 10 be stored frowm thu fact that frow Lhs Godavery alone 3, 000,000,600 of cuble Fasda ow futo the ace crvry oy, Many suppuscd wons, fulating und Jrrogular; snd ssotler 2 tali been the land, l)lru. {Cheors.] discassinj whether lence aud licre wel suffered ity, Je be s hungr oconnell bave water, Now, questivg. we could would 1 Indl or nut. nterea witiwately that theroseasalack ofwater in Tndia, hat there was okly alack of bralua, 201N BRWGHT'S BPERCH, The Hon. John Rright next toolk the atand and spoke for an hour. alew extracts: What we call our Indian Empite, which faa country so vast that nobody has an scquaint- ance with all of it [liear, hear} veopled thal-no cenntis can eive us any accurate Acvount of its population; a country which, ac- cording to Bir Arthur Cotton, who knows as much of it ns any oune,—snd I micht quote mnny otlier authoritles to the sane effect,~—con- , probably, 250,000,000 of men. women, snid chiliiren, who own, directly, or fudirectly, some sort of allegiance to the Queen of this nation, |Cheera.) ‘The population of Tndia is five times the population of the whole of the rest of the British Empire, and we must constder for a mo- ment how we camea into this position In relation to India. course of Il a long successton that the Crggn of England has power In 1ndia, we have held India by conturfes of unidisputed Our power thera s lictls more than s century old, and the Empire has been bullt up by means which, instrimental In great Empires—by ambition, by crime, and by conquest. [Chears. now what i called the parsmount Power over o people equal to one-sixth of the whole popula- tan of the glabo. hundful—shiall T men from these {slands, backed by sn nrmy of 0,000 British troops. to revenue, wo 000,000 a year in Indla, gathered from it: in the shope of - tnxes, tional gatlicred from the Chinese by a monop- oly In oplum.. We clalin the ownerahip of al} und the Government fixes for the nost part whatrents {t chooses to vecelve, which fs generally, I am sorry to ur. the uthost jt We Impone taxee, Imy posscasion. can compel. you know, —stam| Abure all others, prpductive, st ple, cruel, and through which we s¢n: gatheror thlo the humblest hovel 1n that vast Em- [Cheers, | iat all thle population has no volce; it 1s dumb before the Pawee that lias subected It. It in never conulted apen auy wlith its government, it i rubject to the Power that rules over it in 4 manner that cannot b of {tha population of any civilized or Ch: people In the world. (Chesrn, o crente patronage, o pay anlari and we trade extenalvoly wit now, you have known ar brard in- past time the riclies of Indin. yoars, whenever that word ed, a floating vivion of vast weslth passed befora the eyc and the underatanding. our poets—James Montgomery, 1 think—boylne one of his poome: . flow ye breezes, gently blowin, B St i orene Where. from fondtatn nilan reatme thefr treasures pour. And y, mare clear than th this moment in gre reputation of 1ts weslth han been hut ‘which maravders _hove always- ‘I under, It was a countrs found easy 1o country which famines of A deatructive and appalling characler, and we have met bereto-day for the purpose of how these famines lave arlsen, and fs withiin the power of human benevo- atatesmianshi them in future, L] most part, has taken na note about these famines. Bome of them was s famiue in 18:47-'8, which affected H,000,000 of people, 5,000,000 iutensely, during which no ,000 porsona died than half as many sgainas oll {he men, women, ani cillidren fu this cople hardly ever heard anything of It, excenting n paragraphs oxtracied now and then from Indian BUO-"1i1 there was a; 000, 000 then afles Toss than 800, ypors. 1n 1 becn able t al and Orlesa, when a «! in rome of the districts. s onormotts, Within ten 10 hiave dic o tho quention w ‘Phere Are sume misfortunes for which the moment ou tnd th causo you fnd the remed, vou give him something to sald, W you tried cornt"! What you hicar of tho as calamity of Indla ls thal tiat there ta o famine, and that the fanine ariscs from dronghtis that there is a Jack of waler, or, at fcast, & lack of wator in the rignt place, aod ot ‘the There {s always sofl, aud'there is al- ways aan. and there ls alwaye rain bus the rain is not slways whers want it, an at the particalar time, fust as much or But it you hav and kuman labor,’ yon may have a rich nar- veat thruughout a great portion of Indla, 18 3t that the Uovernor-(ieneral of Indla and his Conncll in Caleutta, and Lord Salls- bary, and thoso wlmbnu!uu jed bim as Secro- tary of State for India fn cil,—why fu it thal ey regard tnls quesiton with a0 Nitlo” favor? They are ll'll{l on the brink of Notwithstanding a wrings from the peoplo—and |t takes every farthe o itean got from them—it16 admitted that 1axs- .ton cannot be Jmposed to a higher Mo that they get from taxatlon $s nntenu% 0 apend, for they apeud £1,000,000 or £7,000,000 which cuvines 10 them frum the monopoly of opluw in China, Thoy have spent all this for years past, and besides spending thet they have ‘Incurred s debt of £100,000.000 sterling; therefore they are always in terror of 8 bankrupt exchequer, and they turn thelr Lacks upon anybody who proposes that they shoutd dos) largely with any que important, Af it regulres that thera should be coneiderable or & large expenditure. Now, uestiou, tn my oplulon for the ofiiciale st Calcut, Governor-Ueueral of Ind cuuntry about every ve yo. 3 my experjanca gues, theio yo on do Ry more than the majority of their owa cl society upon this question. £lB tle moment thoy are uppointed 10 read Mili's “Suritten Tndis: 1 rlght time, you want it, wh bankrupley, ays, thay can op ihey comlder it, 631100 of raijways js 8 ditle dueetiun of casals, gation the question of rs tlon for tha En, the native pev) {Cheers and Liughter.] We have space only for country so not by the ordinary 1t Js not that [ am afrald, have buliding up all other Well, we claim to ho We hold this rule Ly n tuere sny of Englishmeni=but of {Cheers.] "With ragard wocket somthing lke 300, people with $50,000,000 adili- port dutt. dutles, some other duties: bul. . which s ane highly ely oppreesive 10 Ihe poor. peo. the taz- 29, =38 Now, besldes tils, renember {Cheers. l matler connected ) Wer: b the co ntry, 14 1a fact, within the Inst 100 +* India ** was mention- Trecollect one of sover Bowlcg, 1 there in nuthing in the world that'india is cesentially st and abject poverty, and tho nroof that [Cheets,] Well, In this hnva apoken of there hsve hecn to pot on ond Enuland, for [Cheots.] ou bave never heard of. There of_famiine,—more rent clty (hear, har), and the ther faniine, ?u-d nd b, 000, U Tho mortallty, eo for as I fiave arch for It, is not on record, but I know ho reason for helieving it waoe sinaller than in the proviow famine LiFDon population di deathy were anormous, Loring population wero awept awny over large iracts of country during the pressure of that ealamn- In 1808-'UD there was a great famine in Na)- r-mt and the wurrounding diatricts, housand rquare miles, ur one-sixth of tho whole area of the country, werc mora or I thia faminc, and 1, 250, by the Government estimatos fo have from hunger in that famino. this 6““. ent year, it is estimated that more than_ 500,000 people—that ls, more than all the population of this greal city—bave dieds and those who died do not reprerent tho whole calamity. Uitodes who dis afterwards, who euffor and linger, who know never again, health, but whose namea are not on the record ‘whicli tetla ifh of the totul mortality of the famine. Hear.) And then thoro {s a Joss of cattle, which® "The lows ot eattle in & conntry alto- gother agricnitural would, of caurse, he tha I af the principal source of woalth, produce, the loss of rovennu to the Uovernment, Uie loss of trade,—nll hns {s absolately beyond catculation, and If onc could add all theése lossos together and show bow much the fotal LY wouid find that 811 the mnnel’ which Sir Arfhnr Cotton proposed to expend In Tia greateat hope, ar, I thusiasm [cheers], would Lo & mere trifia to that which han been sacrificed by the famines which might probubly have been allogether prevented. enra nenrly 3,000, 000 hind been proved Ly famine; and this year we huve add- ed to the number another half-milllon, nestion 1s, Iow long 1s this Lo go on? {Cheers, | Vhat are we to aay of a Government which has all this pasaing under ita cyo from all that 1 have described within the Iast ten or 6f- tecn years, and makes nyg wirong aud resoluto effort 1o meot L7 look at the efec went and the people, slimost without lhnit. It turn the acrew a bit mnoi In 1800 there waa the uarier of the The Nearly the whole neigh- famine. One hundred affocted b) ,000 porsons are admitted erirhed In 1877, ‘There are mul- perhaps, & day's guod The losa m was, tho moments of you like, hils greatest en- Now, the ear to yoar, and upon tho Govern. Iudia [s poor; its tazatlon ls sobigh that yau cannot “There has be. 1. postible, ever be ‘Now, then, 'wa coma remedy. {Chders.) ther there be an; f & mon Dantol hen the hores was starving, m..-r.! [Cheers and Iau, yon i1, and sun, sod ngiand, and his Coun- 1 the Guvernment. 4+ sud all un, Dowever feyery much too groat ou know (hai & new e in 1A Jaugh. ] Thavbe- A laoghi.] When you come to g)l't‘lldl with the oficials in Calcutta thequestion thelr wiuds foa large necessary expenditura, eut one from the vigation or frri- ar uiore & ques- Either for waya gllal, a8 & power fa Iudia, than for pleinindis, " It fe s greai miiery » supposed that with one regiment do the work of malutsining order and vuppressing fnsurrection with a railway which three rogiments If thers was oo tuliway; but we dnd that now wo hatu inore Lioops a'than when there were uo rallways at alt, 30 that Wy réawiro rellways wikiher they puy It canals for navigation ‘o Irrivaly wero tade upun some by eminent and accouplished enziue #iud the procuce of ncarly all th not bitberto Irsiguted wosld probabiy be Goubled. 1t would be carried cheaply to tlic “col it would by distributed in the foterior of o whero there was partial rand scheme delerminod = ountr ud where ihers srcity, was great abundance thu surplus would come to this country and bel ton we Lud smiuu taat Epgland sud y & policy of this kind, population of Jodla would be "dltm}a verty, while the population of Engisg fiv. steadier snd mote coustant employuent. snd a cunstant, steady, sod § bope satiafactory. rate of wages. On the questiva of cconowy 1 wiil onv opsorvation. s0a in Indis who e really to the backbos of ccunumy, sud (bt f8 Le Ge Tha prople with wlite fucce~-Lugiieh, Ecoich, Irish, 80d s0 forth--are nearly ull lu tno service of the Goveruwent. ot baudful of werchants, but all the civiile nes 1o feed the buugry popu) us. [Cheers, ] gI‘Ill ll:l Fadis woula both be blease [Cbeers.) . from would wake Ibellevo there da” only one ne ip favur ruor-Gezeral, L3 not speaking mow uf the eugi uryLody § tboy all s prowotion, ealaries, and puusions, (A laugh.) Aud then 4 of economy. mentlon in ‘ple of this and other Btates. for many, very frequently s deficlt when the annusl ex< s were mode up, thero Is bankrubtey threat. ening, ther 1the loss of eredit tothe Government ; and yet thero §a no Goveruor-Gieneral in ludis with hlx Councll, there {s no Indian Secrotary in London with hls cumbrous and burdenvome Councll, ~not one of thess great pervonnges connectod with the rnvenumm\ of ludia steps forward resolutaly with nteliigence, and force, and courage 10 aay thia great calamity, #0 injurlous'to Indir, a0 pertiots and hu~ millating to England, shall, i ut an cnd lo, AryU. 'lfuk," became to & plecs ‘of Vcr{ his thera fann public opinion whataver which fights n favor af economy. There Are ure two 2ets of nesys- papers. Fir-t, tiose which are pubilshed by Fn- elishmen, and thesn, befng the papeca of the aerv- Ices, eanfiot, of courss, b in favor They almse me whenever I Jndia In & speech of even only a zle paragenph, and no donht they whl do- the rame for what' | am ssyiugnow. {Langhter.} Then there are the native papers, and aithongh there are & great wany published in the native lan- gnages, wtill ey have “natmuch of what we call nittical Infinence. The tinvernutent ofiiclain look by pure of being Influenced by the judgment of writers and editors, ‘T try which fouchen the Gorernmenc i the pres the English, and that press, as a rule, is in fay and, of conrse, generally has beer. In favor—ol an- nexation, more places, more salarles, and, ubtl- mately, more pensions, Now, ] may sav of theso saiarles, and ultimatcly pensions, | believe Uhere s noservice in the warld, and nevee hias been, in witlch anlaries have been w0 high and penaions so Inte 8 thuso (bnt havo heen given by the lu- dlan Government, whether unider the Indian Com- pany or_ander ihe preesul (overnment of (he grown., 1 mayeay furthee that the wilitary ex. menditare, which cousisted only of the charye for an army of 40,000 men hefore the mutiny, con- siets now of the charga for snarmy of 10,000 Europeans, sithough thie mutiny was subdued, J ‘helieve, before a single fresk soldier had lauded in that country from this. 1L may be »aki that I have no suthority on this sub- Ject. 1 mimit at; 1 sdmit Ahat nersous Who are out thero—the (lovernur-General sud principsl Miniaters or officars of the army—pusel- bly may al{ have opintons that nre more worth yourconsldering lhsn mine: but Intale these facts, 2nd 1 say that & Government over 250,000, 000 of peopls, which has lovled taxes 111l :nn‘cv( no more, which sponds all it can levy, and which haa borrowed one bundred millions niore than ali it can levy.—1 say a Goverment like tliat hine some fatal defect, which at some not distant tinie may bring disaster and bumillation to the (ioveroment, sud (o the peopia 0o whose behalf it rales. The genlleman est down smid long-continned cheering. THANKS, The chalr baving been taken by Me, Hugh Mason, the Bistiop of Manchester proposed p vote of thanks to Mr. Hright and 8ir A Coltun for thalr addresees, and tothe Mavor for baving pre- alded. 1lis Lordsbip suid that 8ir Arthur had favored him with a copy of his pamblilet on the subject which bad been discussed at this meetlng, and he must say, after rendiue it, that, If the facts therein stated could be sustained, it was ‘to hilm simply the most astoundivg phenomo. non that ever care within the range of his fn- teiligence that this question of tue irrigation of India had not been taken up. If Hie retmm from that tand of the money spent in frrigation works was a stated, there ought to ba no dificulty in talaing the £40,000,000 wnich Mr. Hricht hail raid wouid be aufficient foirrixate 00, 000, 000 acres of country, and hy only wished that the milllone that had beon posred into Turkish bonds, and whicli lie feared would never ba wean wgaly, bad bren devoted Lo this purnuse [great cheering]; bnt Bir Arthnr Cotton wald that oy this scheme of frri- gation not only shuuld we recoup oursciyes, but we might abatdon that opium traflic which (the Bishop) 'uuncn'l o5 8 murt I;nrilhtuu raflic fore tian nntion. eors, The motlon was o e h{ Mr. . R. Jackson, of Blackburn, and passed with acclamation. COUNTRY ROADS. The Alsolute Necemsity of Some Detter System of Country Ronda—Mr, K. K. Juues Offors Some Vary Practicnl Ruggestions to Farmors, Camimissioners of ighways, Etc, To the Editor of The Tribune, ‘WEeROELANDS, near Quincr, IlL, Dec. 20— The editorial In Tur TRIBUNE of the 24th inst. indicatos that you have a *level head " as re. gards the absolute nocessity of somo better ays- tom ol country roads. Just now everybody 18 grumbling at the em- bargo on the business of the country, and wisl- og for a freeze. a ‘The story of why the Irishman did not fix s shanty will apply to the present cuse. The rosds cannot be flxed *while it rains," and with cold weather they won't need nxiug. AB soon na the roads in uny way uguin become prssable, in the rush to make up for lost tine and hurry produce to markut the cffects of the next thaw aud rafu will be forgotten. For twenty years I bave writtcn many articles that have been publishec urgiug the importance of this subjcct upou tho attentlou of the pgo- Boveral tines I have called the attention of our Jovernors and leglslators to the fmportauce of a better and more cffective systcin. . A number of times I have called the otten- tion of our Btate Board of Apleulture to the subject, One year I succeeded in getting them to offer & premium for the best road, and then that sleepy lot of Bolons drochd the subject. Liaye been an Uverscer of Rouds, aud alvo Comwlssioncr of Highways, and have had am- pla aud practicsl experience u road matters, Botno yeurs azo I got mud and swore 1 would have a good road from my residence (o’Ellug- ton to Quiney, and I've got it Now, il soine une in every neighborlicod in the Stato ®l11 get mad—yery mad—nt the waste of road taxes and the silpshod manner of workbugr el and start out among Wis nelghbors and * Come op, boys," und keep mud} keep on mylng. “ Come on, boys," there would bo hundreds of miles of wod gravel road in 1llinais bofore the 1st of Aprll, ¢ Thero ore in many parts of the Btate creoks where fmuense bars of gravel are to be bad for nothing but the bsullug, There aro also ridues and bods of bunk gravel. Either of these will make a first-class and cheap road bed. Thore sro hundreds of ronds in this State that cross these creeks aver beds of this material, where to-duy the roads each slde for miles are a sea of impassable mud. For years it has been o matter of astonish- ment fo we to seo road ofticers bauling, plow- Sy, aud mup(n% within o stone’s throw of these imuense beds of gravel, 1have often told such road-bosses the atory of the old chap v Indlapa whom everybody knew and respected ,for his ** warzon-horse scnse,”" but who occasion. ally, whon fu town, got reasonably full of old Onc day,on his way hiome, “full asa bad road, wherea roud boss and a party of nelghbors wura making some corduroy (Indiana raiy road. Thuy were Jnmm; in the ‘brush snd ln;is. aud huufing on dirt to cover them, The old chap in bis buggy was *bumping slong.” When Lo came up with the party by sang out, *Whoa! hic) What sre vou (bic) doing bere (hic), you —~d fools, yo (ble)" ©Why, ucle,” sala the “boss,” ¢'don’t you think this bad rhl:c vuglt to be fixed I"" Certainly (hic), but not in that (hic) way, Go duwn to the creek (hic), you d—d fools ye (tifc), und houl that grayel (hfc p and slap it into hhhdr?u.l-holu (bic), aud then 1t will stay (bic) xed." 8aid tha boss: * Uncle, your head fs level, druuk or sober. Come on, boys, aud tackle that gravel bed!" ‘Tradition _says that road ls now one of the bestJu the Btat The winter season fs the best thuw to put on thia gravel, becouse tha farmer hus the $hns and teams atherwise tdle, The frost will only re- quire additioual Elculng ind o mav and team can easily, these short days, make four losds o duy and haul two und balf miles, Bump the gravel i the centre of tho road, breaking with a hatmer all the large rocks. Commence with a stugle track. ‘Three cood Joads will make a rod five fect wide and tca faches thick fn the centre. No gradiu Iy re- quired, tor the gravel itsel? @lls up the road and makes its own grade. As soon as the travel haa packed the gravel, and perhaps made ruts, one Joad to the rod will il up the ruts, aod you bave & good rosd-bed that witl’not cost to’ex- ceed $2 per rod, and lcss according to the dis- tance hauled, - Now, it every Commissloner of Highwaya In the Btato whére baok ur creck gravel cau be had within three miles will jusi get on his ear” and declaro he will have a good road, the result would be surprising. 5 Let him (o Otber man) start out among hls neighbors suyloi, “{ will ‘zive two weeks or morg with wan and team bauliug gravel; vow, veighborw, what will you do#? Just oon a3 shires bave agreed io your offer commence work,snd the :nm¥|e with a little csuvassiog, will urgenenlly ollowed oy pearly all that nelghborbood, Where any township road-fucds vallable lettbe Cowmmissioners suy that (to the extent of thelr sbility) they will sastat the good work, Colu weathier will make our roads almpl Blluble uotil tbe est thaw, when, the eart ving full of molsture, they will sgainbe ina fearful condltion. Do uot delay. Hegin now, Donot procrasti- pate untll the big muddy of December, 1677, (s forgotten. Iu tbuse portions of the Blate where there s o Lauk of creek gravel, some otber rewedy must be found, that the expense of cuustruc- tion would not beso Jarge sato prevent its be- lng undertaken. he editorial 1 have referred to 1s timely, sud 1 hope will sct your country readers thinkin sod acting upon thls important subject. Bu did oot tbe writer get his ‘*cart Defore the horse”i After with 8 “broad tire” sou have £Ot the wheels 50 they will not sink "into the 1nud up Lo tho bub, Low are the horses, up to tbelr kuees 1o mud, so that they can scarcely pull Lbeir feet out—how, 1 ssk, I8 that team 10 pull the load eves with the “*broal tives,” for mwrunfli they pull tho tighter thuy are stuck ia, i Let tho Lorsce bave a good foothold to pull tintie a8 ably a< L §s doing on the siiver ques- 7. and, while a wide tire Is desfrable, 1t is not su linportant. The fact &, public opfolon fn the countey in not suflicfently directed to this sublect. 1f Tne Trinear will taice bold of this matter and con- tion a vastamount of good can be seenmniished. Kespectfully, « K. Joxga, THE COUNCIL, The Ogden Ditch-Veto of the Pavement Foundation Ordinance~Vinducts, Schools, ¥t . An adjourncd regular meeting ol the City Counclt was held yesterday afterncon at 3 o'clock, Ald, Cook presfding. The Mayor returned, without s spproval, tho ordinance paseed at the last meeting relat- Ing to the foundatf@ns for wooden pavements, giving as one of his reasons for vetolng the or- tinance “that be doubted the wisdom of estab- Nahiing one kind ol foundatious for codar blocks and a different kind for oll other pavements, On motlon of ALl Throop, the vote by which the ordinance was passsed was recousidered, and the ordinance recommitted to the Jolut Commilttee on Streets aud Alleys. A communleation wos recelved from the Comptroller requesting the Cotmal to sppoint threo appraisers to appralee thé old Dearborn Bchool lot, an Mulison street, between Dear- born and State. Referred to the Comimittee on Finance. The twentleth annual report of the Clicago Rellef & Ald Society was subumitted fn pame phict form, and, on motion of AlL. Cullerton referred to the Cotamittee on Fluanee for exatni natlon, The substameof the repurthas already ‘been published in thcee columu: TUE GGDEN DITCILL Ald. Gilbert presented a resaintion directing the Mayor aud the Cownmittirs on Finance, Health, und County Relations, ulone or ju con- fuuction with the Trustees of the ilinols & Michigan Copal, to take such mcasures as will prevent further Injury to the Chicago River from the Ogden-Wentworth ditch, and giving them [ull power to instruct the Luw De- partuient to take such steps as may be consid- ercid necessary for the protection of the cite's luterest, or the recovery of -u! damages that may have reanlited, or wlll result by sirtue of raid diteh. The reeotution was relerred to the Committes on Health uud County Relatious. ABVERTIAING FOR BIDS, AKL Glibert also introduced the following: Ordered, That the Departient of Putiic Works, when adverlising for lumber, coal, sewer-plpe, brick, or other muterlal required 'for the year 1878, or thereafter, shall ak for hids for atl of the matorlal of the particular kind the city may re« quire for the year 1478, specifying the grades, sizes, qualitied, and othier necereary conditluna, a0 all work done otherwiar than by the clerks or other employes of each mrmnuml for the city, and to be paid fur by the clty, cxceedlng tne snm of 8100 for ench flscal year, shail be Jet lo tho fowest responeible bidder. "The Deoartment of Public Worka shiall, In mnking up thelr cstimate of the amonnt and kind, etc., of each material, governed by the sveruge use of matcrlals by the city in the years 1850 and 1877, and the known re- quirements of the year 1878, ‘The order was referred to the Cominftiea on Judl-d-a’. Al Cullerton offered a resolation proviving for the erection of & twelve-room schivol-buill. ng on Throup street Letween Elghtecuth and Nineteenth. Referred to the Committee on Schools, with justructions so report at the next wmeeting. # VIADUOT. Al Lodding presented o resolntion provid- ing that the Clieago & Alton anmd Pittsburg, Ft. Wayne & Chicago Rallroall Companies be nutled to Luild & viaduct over West Eirhteenth strect between tio river ond the canal, the viaduct to be comuvleted by Aug, 1, 157, provided that aporopristious be mudu by the city for the approaches thereto, Tho reso- Intion was referred to the Doard of T'ublie Works, Ald. Lawler presented a resolution dirceting the Superintendent of Bchools to report to the Councfl the number of lndics em;{}uynd s teachers fiy the publle schools who hinve hus. bands canfinz, or capnble of enrning, a liveli- hood, The Aldermnan went on to stute that he kuow of several Instances where Indy teachers had bashands who were carning good salaries, whtle young ladies who had produated threo vears sgo were unabla to secure positions s teachors fu the achools, This, he_ claimed, was a great fnjustice, aud he hoped his resolntion might pass and the Councll receive the desired information on the subject frgm the Buperin- tendent of Bchools, ‘The resolution iid not pass, howevor, but was referred to the Committe on Scbouls, On mutlon of Ald. Throop, the new time-card for lighting the street-lamips was 4lien hdopted,’ TIE CITI-JIALL Ald, Stewart Introduced the following, which was referred to the Committee on Finauva: Jte it ordalned, ete,: Sxcrion L The Depariment of Pnblic Works, in_councction with the Building Committee of this Council, is hereby authotied, 0 and specifications of the City' 1o advertise for bids for tne &n soon a8 Vie pla Jinll are compiet mnson, cut-alone, Bullding, aud to be for 10 the lowest reliablye and respounlbla bidder or biddere. ‘The Committee ou_Finance, to whom was re- ferred the eluim of C, 1. Morso for seryives ng Corporation Counsel under Mayor Colvin, re. portea fn fayor of sctiling the clajm ot §200. After an lufluite deal of talk the report wus cmmn;md In, and the accompanying ordinance passed, ! ‘I'ie Committee on Bchools, to whons was re- forred the onder of Ald. Thompson directing the Board of Education to advertise for pro- porals for n school-house fn the vicinity of Western avenue nud Ohlo street, reported that thers existed an urgent necessity for a school- houre In this and other parts of the cfl{, and recommended ahat the Board of Educatlon be directed to advertisg fur proposals,sclerd a site, and procoed toerect a bullding thercon as soon us practicable, After pome dlecussion, the re- ort was deferred and made tho special urdor ror the next regular meeting at 8 o'clock. A8, ‘The Committec on (ins reported an ordinance directing the Mayor and Comptroller to enter fnto contructs with the south 8lde and West Bide Gias Companles for the ll:bl(llflz. ex- tinguishivg, cleaning, and nnem}w the glass tho street-lamps from Dee, 27, 1877, 10 May 1, 1878, ot the rute of one cent a lamp per night, Ald. Rawleigh moved to amend by makiug thu pricenine mills, which, he said, would makea l(l“llle{cfllcu of sutne 84,000 {u the courseof u year. arrie Alfer some wrangling over the passage of tha ordinance as amended, 1t wus delerred under the charter, Al Cary moved that tho next regular mect- Ing be held at 7310 o'cluck ontle fArst Thursday evening (1 Janury, Ald, Thompson (Third) noved to amend by making It 3 o'clock ftead of 7:80, The amondment was adopted, and the inetlon, as amended, earried, ‘The Council then adjourned. A NEW STEAM ENGINE. Au Illjucts Man Throwa eeloy’s Motor into tha Shado=\Wunderful if True, To the Edilor of The Tribwas, . Cano, 1Nk, Dee, $—Delicving that T bave dlacovered the vroper mode, of constructing a steam engine to yield the same effective power with one-tenth of the fuel, and a Jike reduction in the use of water as now used, I make haste to give tho beaetit of the juveption to the world, it thereby the wheels of progress inay attsin locreased momentum, civilization .aud Intercourse with natlons fmproved, nationsl prosperity enbauced, and an fmpetus given to the milling aud manufacturing Interests of the country, thereby giving employmeut to agreater oumber of persoons sud salivening Jovery chau- el of Industrial activity. ‘I'be great nced of such improvement s felt Intensely at this time fu Americs, If asked, Why do you not patent your juvention sod seek tho usual channels of jotroducing it to the world; are {ou wdifferent to the wealth it might pussivly briug you! By no means; Iam like many juvcutors, reasonably poor, sider thls o wutler of such uwoment to the fn teresta of mankind geverally that wo delay or hindrances shoutd prevent its introduction and sdoption, aud, least of sil, snould scliish fuzer- ebts wegh o the matter. I bellove all useful ‘uventious and patents should be made frec, snd the nveutors pafd for the same by & fund provided by the Government for that purpose; 1bus conduciug to gencral national prospusity aud therein relizing s rich return through an fn- crease of production aud taxable property. If wy plan s put . suceessful operation I shall ecl rowarded, with my fellows, lu (ts general benefits. The bypothesis that a cublc juch of water s Doa-compreasivle Lo uny appreciable exteat, snd that & culdc inch of steani s capable of great condensstion in space, gud that o cuble jach of water conversod Into superheated steam is capa- ble of belng condeused [nto a smaller space thaz that vccupled by the culd Water,—in short, that ona cubic luch of water wmay be, by its cone versiou $o superticated ateam, compelied to oce cupy valy oue-lourth of its former spscy s water. 1t this 18 corrgcet, the puwer is fucreascd o proportion to Lle condensation. Assumed sgsln that sction and reaction are equal, and Bt uo wuy Gau Ife Lluisel over tho fouce bY Lhe straps of his boots, Then If & cuble inch of water, requiring 1,600 times ita own bulk to ex- paud In. has it onc-clehth of an fnch room, it Is going to quarrel with tho powers that surround it, and confine it and exert just 28 much force or power to expand as wonld be required to estnpresa It to that space, viz. ¢ one- eighth of A cuble Inch. This being true, let engzine-builders, uscre, and runners throw asble their cambereome boilers, and redice thetr fire- hoxes to the size of an ordinary common stove. The cylinder in which the main piston works Is ail the boller required ; a concava cylinder-head of greater thickness than usugly employed in the present cogines s required to sustain the heat and fucreased pressure. The bed of coal resta against and within tho concave surface of the cylinder-head, nod if fed with alr from the condeusing-chamber underneath the cylinder it is a tizht furnace, fed witn cosl or other suftable fuel from a reservolr above. The liot afr and other liberaled gases pass up a pive thirough a water-tank above tls cylinder, which heats the tank from which & supply of hot water Is regulmly injected within and on to the convex projection of the eyifnder-head, which ot red heat convérts it Instantly Into steam; thoend of the piston 1s also convave, with u elot In its lower rim that, when pushed back tha right distance, discloses 8 hole fu the cylinder with a pipe to allow the steam to escape Into the chamber or condenser below,—a vacuum having been previously formed by an air-pump that fceds the fire. Now, the piston concave-jetting, almost touching the convex surface of the eylluder-bead, has but Hit- tle roum fur the expansion of steany, but yet has consfderable spaces lor the Inumlntw% of water. The water In tha tank sbove, alrdidy hot, with asollil two-inch pipe leading duwn vertically through the cylluder, with n valve, and one-fourib-inch-diameter orifice, is ready to discharze or Inject water on_aud within ‘the evlinder-head with & pressureof 100 gallons, or 83: verdict March 8, 1876, for plaintiffs, £4,710,- O principal, together with Interest from 1, 1470, 1o Mar 1 1, 1976, $1,817,177; total, 1547, 117945 Judement February, 18i7, There stlil remain unaccountmt for soine eteht or nine other ruita which have not yet been traced up, hut the farts concerning W{Ihtn will be eotlccted and presented at the next meeting of the Cowmnmittee, THE COTTON-TAX STEAL. The Attempt of the Now Orleans Ootton Factors to Rob Uncle Samuel by Asking n Itefund of 4 per cont for Iiagging and Itope ~Same Queer AMdarits, Bpactal Corresponidence of The Tribune. New OnLeaxs, La, Dee, 25.—To commence fairly on this cotton steal business, Iet me pre- mise by stating that cotton fa bought and sold by the hale; the factor paying tho farmer as much for the bagging and rope per pound s he pays for the cotton, The Injustico-of these clalms for the refunding of 4 per cent of the tax eald to have been paid conelsts In this: The farmer baled the cotton and sold ft, bagzing and rope fncluded, to the factor; the factor sold it, bageioz and rope included, to the manu- facturer, If anvhody, thenm, is entitled to n rehate, ft ls the maoufacturer. And next to him, the farmer; wheress, these clalms are Lefng pressed by the factor or middieman wha, Uy ambidexterity In manlipulating buyers' and sellers’ kcales, has already “taxed " the poor devil of a farmer and now is after Unci@Samuel. The bistory of thesa New Orleans tare claims s about this: Cotton was taxable from Oet. 1, 1862, to and Including the crop of 1Mi7, the tax EDUCATIONALs " MORGAN PARK NILITARY ACADEMY o Prenstory School for Boys. Next serafon R7L Rend far cataloxus to either of !Illnvllll 'ark, ot Room § llllhpd?l} raga, 1), L ED. M, RIRRK TALCOTT, HENRY T. WRIGHT, A M. ‘Assoctate Principats, IRVING ‘MILITARY ACADEMY, ke View, 11l. (@ miles from Cliesgo), Sctentifie, wiral, and Commerciat: fonr veaidant e caretul oversight of the murais and manncrs of Cadats, Teri comir. 579, articntars and Catalogue, address CTLAUDE HiLL, Commandant, 1 Lasaile-st., Chicago. HIGHLAND HALL, AN INSTITUTE FOR YOUNG LADIES, et ‘ REOPENS JAN. 3. 1678, admts v RDWALD P, WESTUR, mirigrsinisishle ilighiand Park, 10, &l A firy beging Jar {he Ttincip Church Bloc) an. 3, ACADEMY, NN n. 9, lacatlon ands amples” blidings _chminedions; ruction in Clyfl Engincering, the Clasicn, rareful superrision of enlows, For eirs ' . IIYATT. Prestden ENNNY l.\'AN'NM"J‘I‘;\IUA SHESTRIL PENN =Opens’ Ja healthtaiy orokh | 2! ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE OF TRAINS, more I desited, fn the tank " ahove, varying from one-hatf cent to two’ cents, threw |- M have estimated that one piut of water " Fxriaxarion ov Rerzmencs Wi thus used would mmrep the platon cents, and two and one-half cents, at which lat- e ;fd Bunday excepted. ter rate ft ceased. No ‘tare was provided hy statute before the passage of the act of July, 1800, which at the same time Increarerd tho tax from two ceuts per paund to three ceute. No of an ordiuary-sized steamboat and its necessary machinery, Naw, Ict no reckless engineer turn on water suddenly un an engine In this shape, a3 an immediate explosion would take plave, or OI0A00 & NOR RAILWAY, Tieket Ofices, 62 Clark #t. (Sherman Honss) sadet '-_'l:“ pots. the eylinder-head, belng red-bog, and thereb: deduction for tare‘was allowed by the Internal i belnz the weakest ‘mn. wouid blow out, or, {t | revenue office In any disirict priorte Nov. 11, | al'sctficPast Line.... ... . A, able to reaist, the piston would be shotwut Jike | 1905, aud back of that no relunding was allowed, | @Slour City & Yankion ... 1110:90 0. & cannon_sot. or berbaps the whole cylinder | Thie firat claim Bled for refand wan that of Will- | Shasanes Uy lc&;sis Cllaian|jo:n o give wuy under the sudden pressureand explude | tam Edwards, on May 18 1564, Other cluiing nt Express 35 or buret llkea cancon. To prevant this, under- | were filed, some of which were allowed and AALILICE 38 ucath the cylinder aro two condensiog alr | somo rejected. The clating_now being pressed :mep"m: 1 H..!:;’l:: 3" clamnbers. Ope recelves s contents from the | cuver taxes nsseased from March 30, 1855, to ST waskes bt Stail taah o slearn aud air in the coudensgr behind 1ty the | July 81, 1866, nwnber abont 130, and agareunte | JiIwaukee oA, otuer from the’ hot-slr, smoke, and gas of the $42,000, though, as slated (n n fobmer letter, NHZ::Z!:: faanger: ‘2% fire-flue, which is controlled b[v an oscillating | these are oniy entering wedges to be followed wvtsn Hat 30 8. welght which azatn Is controlled by the move: | by otber thoneands if successfal. St paupor g ment of the viston-rod. To facilltate the apera- ‘The welghing of cotton fu those years for as- | 3 b t.»:“le‘l-‘}plv‘:::l Fled 43 b :lm: (}5 elhr‘:nnsfi:leln:'lntz wflgl;(t, ‘nn& alslt‘al-; 8 ulu- :luulnf Inl:mtl feree ulx was doiis under the | Barquette Fipres mn‘ ¥l ater-tank, Into which, abuve | dircction of a Chiel Welgher appointed t] i bt . the wnter, ts disclarged the bot alr, et was. dige by Awr Brmen 2 CLC., from the fire-flue or pipe, is Oxed n smal ‘shafl with 8 wheel, giving turbine action by the escapic of zu+$nz air anil steam ralced In the " Asscssor, anid the active welghing was done by Lis assfatants. It ie proven by aflkdavita thut tieitlier the Assessor nor “the” Chlel Weigher, prior to duly 13, 1466, gave any instructions to siiman Jotet Cara are run through, hetween Chi- €9 Aod Councli Biufs, on the tzaln Isaviog Chlcage 0other road rons Puiiman Of any othar form of Botel cnrs weatof Ghicago. water-tunk, The vsclltating weight Is connected | the welghers to make any aflowance for tare, Vi witlh a lever-rod abovo to this wheel, oud cxerts | aud that the Collectors colleztod the taxew i | SoHebot cormes of Cuntt ond BIHe oe its force to condense hot Alrh-lnm. aud gas | full as sacd, It {salson fact that several | drawn from the water-tank withio the air-cham- of the asmstant welghgrs dul, during o part of | CHI0AGO, BURLINOTON & QUINCY RAILROAD. ber uuder the cylinder. with which ft is connect- | that period, muke some allowance Depota foot af Lake-st , 1 -av., and 8i; hest.. e with 3 vnlve that Inopened at the same. time \-a_rxlnr:!mlfi vata ity pounds bor bair. 1y | *'shaCanstand Ssieeathiatn Tekes ORicen 5 Curk: or an Instant before the water is injected on the | 1872 Conklin, then Supervisor, Investizated hote fire-plate. This arrangement gives sn elastic | this subject very thorouehly, snd reparted ad- Traths, ] cushion to avercome the Inertia of the plston at versely tothe tare clalms. One Tewell,, - e tite It recetves the pressure of the stcam, | sjstas e made outh T Histanl Aescesor, In AUKuB, 1657, made ath | ks & KrEAm e nran o and at the same time being capable of greater { that reasonsble tare wus allowed; but fn | hiockford & Freenort compreeslon than steam, the explosive power It | December, 157, be . mads = another | honu’e s sions Ciy Ex as it were drauk up without diminishing much | aflidavit which contradicted the firal oue. anras & Colorado Expres of its expandlug power, aud as the bot air is rendered more expansive by the introductlon of ateam, It reacts on the piston with equivaient. or reacting foree the same us nny spring would. 1f more s required & yalve may open the alr chamber conneeting with the fire iue, at the Enlne time a valve must shut off the blast to the re. A locomotive constructed on this or a simi- lar plan—allowing for alteration of detafle— would take a traln of cars froin Chicago to Catro without stopoing on the way either for wood vr *wuter. Noateam Is nllowed to escape save what littic may be lost in the action of the tur- bine safety-valve iu or connecting with the water-tank, By this mode we are relieved of Iarge boflers, avd nlio large furnaces, and re- duce the consumption of fuel aud water to a minimum rate. . Correspondence s invited from enginecrs and manufacturcrs, as to details, shape of valves, modp of condensing steaw. With vegard to the latter 1 amn in favor of air coudensation, druwn from a chamber partially tilled with ive. None of the alr chainbers or condensiug Lowners (iruve Pamsenger Autora Pasenge Aendute & Btrent cage: JowneTs Giruve Panenge Freeport & Dubuau Omaba X izht Exir Texas Faxt Eapres Kansua City oe Pullman Patace ‘ars (ased far eating par ehoniy) s Puilmes fo/whecl Sieering Cars Beod or u purposes only) are rus between Chicago 32 Umaha on 1he Tacine Kxtr CHICAGO, BT. PAUL & MINNEAPOLIS LINE. Ticket utlices (2 Clark-st._and at_Kinzle-Sircet Depot. Leave, | Arrive, . X0 THE R, .Y 4:00D, M. t 9:00p. m. '3 7:VILIV n. CHIOAQO. ALTON & BT. LOUI¥ AND OWIGAGO . RANSAS CITY & DESVER GUORY LINES. Unlow Deput, West Blile, near Madlson st, bri Rweuly thirdat. Tickes Omce, Efi"u.na.:gx'&.‘“ : Tewell's testimony Is oven 10 the objection thut his statements inade In 1567, whien e was an officer fn the service, and when the tax oo cot ton was hefng collecterd, aud which were relters oted under math {n 1872 fn presence of the Bu- persisor, may be taken ax toie lkely to be true than the contrury statements mnde two ears later, when hie was 1o lovger fu thae sery- e, and whea his testimony wus soughi a claltnant for the purpose of rohbiug the Uore ernment.’ McGiarrity, another weigher, testities that the usual alluwance was from twenty to twenty-five pounds per bale, and often bules welghing H0 puunda wera returued for tdxation as welghing 450 pounds, A. {1, Del'lie and C. G. Del'Iste, also welgh- ers, in recent aflidavits, swear that in welghing cutton n New Urleans under direction of the Chiel Welzlier they made no aliowance for tare duringz 1867 and 1864 This s utterly {m- probable, for every cotton fartor knew l( law allowed fiim 4 per cent after Augit, 1. I send herewlith a batch of aftldavits upon whilch clalinants rely, and which ahow how wild 8t Taul & Minueapolts E, bt. Paui & “IRD:.%‘\K {: Ramnas City & Denver Fast Kx L Louin& dyrinafield Ex.. chamber need to be as large ‘as we use, but u | men will sweur when they want monces from the | e iy fhrihaneld & Tov comparatively small volume of steun or air | Governmient: ¥ 3 9 | ekin and Feorin Fost Bence. comparcd with that of engites now in us 1 Peter Bankey re, July 7 last, that he fa a | Chleago & Paducal . lgvealso a pattern of a° paddic-wheel for | cotton broker, * The factor’s welizlis ab which | SEEa/A e v steamboats that has tho action of both side- whcel and screw power, that will do the saine work of the present side-wheel with conslder- .able Jvss power. I will send a tin moded to applicants for $1. H. B. BLAXCUARD. NEW YORK RING SUITS. he rold were generaily less thut the Governe meut waights, for the reason that cotlon kept dry in the preas would lose welght.” But J, C, De Grey was a Governimcot wetghur In 1864 atnd 1863, and he swenrs that, while “the Asseraor paid bim five cents per bale for welghing for the tovernment, the factors patd hiin 10 cents per bale to weleh for themn.” Iy it reusonable to CHIOAGO, MILWAUREE & 81, PAUL RATLWAY, Unjon Dspot, corner Madison snd Canal-sts. Tiees uttler, 63 ndutiy + opposlte Shierman Mouse, « tilwaukee le::l Is 0 | Wisconsiu & b s, {ieci Amounts Recovered by the Clty~Couditfon f,'g"}m:‘}',l‘,fim Tsetir S gt e wonl ol jhuo, Jhrasnn SHVUES, e, .|+ 4:000. 1m of the Suits Commenced by the City, A. W, Stintnons commenced welghtng cotton | ircopsin, Inwd Sl Siidine’), 5:00p. m. [*10:438. m. New York World, under D, L. Bhearor, Government ‘r"nluher. (s, o i A meeting of the AldcAuanic Investizating “All teptember, 1805, aud rematned vne year, the time 1 wwas thus enguzed 1 intended to give lbernl welghts to factors: that fu making an carer he (afllant) was not o , but tu furnisn welghits by es) Committeo was beld at novn yesterlay. Mr. James U, Martin was first sworn. He ts ew- vloyed 1o the Comptroller's olflus, and presont- cd a losp written atatement showlug the Al ity vin Niwankea, Tickety fof Bt Paul and Minnespolisare cood elilier via Aladison aod i'rairia du Cllen, or via Watkrtown, LaCrosse, and Winous. timate ond return number of bules thus esti: amonnts collected {n those of the varlous Ring | mated upun. Shearer sald he did not expect &t | pepot, rnl;lv‘!:‘-me? JTRAL BAILRDAD sults which huve been concluded, and showing | Ui¢ coLton 1o be weighed, Atllant was siwnys - “pickes otfice. also the expenses incurred in prosceutiug them, nncr.ul to the factor,” ond now the factor trics to get Bimmous to swenr hin a few more uol- The statenent is taken {rom tha books of the | Jars from the Government. £1. outs Comptroller's oflice. The followlng 1s an ab- Tobert Coleman Huston, another Governtment | tatro & New 01 struct of o welglier, swears on ssme dote that he neyer | uCalro. New Orl TRoceived by the city: mailo deductions previous 1o November, 154, | ShrnERe) atate of James Watson. 600,435, 04 T e o amaras on desy " 100,000,00 ;i i 51,770, 16 150,000, 00 50,000, 00 I-;ul the futernal revenue bouks make him out a ar. Charles G, Del'lste, Aug. 6, 1877, swears he was Deputy Welgher, and that ¢ trom 1957 to 1608 he returned only the gross weights, muking no deduction fur bagping, rope, or tes." Aue other couflict with the books. Benjamin Bulsson, u cotton clerk, July 7, 1877, swears the tux was puld ou the gross welght, deducting nothing for hagging aud rope. “This wax the luvariable custom,” and yet the bouks of the interual srovenuc oflice shuw that a deduction of 4 per cent was made Provia, llumn‘uu-n & Keokuk Peoria, Burllogtun & Keokuk | lubngue & dloux City Ex.. Jubuque & Blous Clty Ex Uliinan I"ase! "a On Baturday Bight runa in Ceniralla only. GAN OHWL RAILROAD, ik sty Soutbesst Sotast of e i 1l i a4 At House, coutt. with interest Prom Peter B, Swren; Feom Petor B, Bweony, v o iy Draaley, ezecator, s ull, with intaren From' interest atlowed by Unfon - Trust COmPANY.eessresares cnsaosos £00,502,20 3,500.48 Mlllé‘lllhln and AlrLine), sy Exirase 8200 Arcominodi Paymouts made by Atlorney.Geo- from August, 1800, uutil the law was repealed, 7 aral forgorvices and exponses. ....§ 40,134,00 | * gpocin] Agent Olticy s problug this mu’:‘;er 10 | Sl “‘ic‘rflm b Pald into City Treasury. $1.103,210,18 | tha bottom. Iu sonie Instauces factors give | — FIITSRURG, FT. WATNE & OHICAQ) RAILWAY. VRN Falhler House, wnd Grand Heeiaobviar, him free uccess to thelr sales bouks [or the years covering the clutmed sebate, but many cotton sharks utterty refuse to let hiw sec un-rr books, Paymenta by the City of l{lt the Dll’lclu of ’Mlml Cor- rectiun, under apecial scte of the Legialature c.o.voeons 106,776.27 | Alreudy he has discovered that factors clulur Leavassi|Aenve., Paymouta.by the city from various refund on certain bales which their own books | wa)and Expr | 7:00 lyympfllllolll.i‘-'«.xu‘ Teval 101,017.47 | wnow were sold s tlity, seventy-five, aud utio i‘ulnc Kxpres -l i itk nd Net awauut reslized 10 Ahe O g04,525.44 | hUudred pounds tora in weight than 'the tax | ¥ast Lis.. p. w 1§ 8:08 m. sty [ was puid Dpon, Puocion. - nnees e piin: 4 ———— e BALTIMORE & OHIO. " AN TA, Tralns Iuvrckv:-m Kxposition Bullding, foot of Mone Toouat, L Onices: 83 Clark-st., Pal Noweler B eror _UiTuad pacias, aud Desor (SEponiton halidragne o Lyman Tremain MOOLEY'S THUATHE, el S o Leave, .| _Artive, . Curtls ces—230, 80c, Tou, . B Perfonnances of { 8408 m,. . 12,400,70 TOSICL > 3 l a. m.{§ B:408. m. Nir. Jusies M, Valica, who 1 smployd to the [ | FOSITDIL M UIRPILN, o0p: w17 i 0p. Bi: ofice of the Corporation Counsel, was then e AR Al FANT, sud Company, to BHOBE & MIGHIQAN 80 2 sworn and prescntod a statement of the Yarious REERRY GOW, LAKE & MICHI UTHERY. Ringauits, sa fullowas _ This (Friday) slght. Saturdsy Matinee and Ssturday L TR T Actionsvommenced by the city and thelr pres. Niahit, %orglxrm-lfl—md Line, 7:338.m.( 71409 m. ent conditious Monday Night-JOSEFISIURPILY, Miss Avalo Ward | X; Yo ton Bpecial wom.| Tiwp me it i3pm.| 8:00a ml Om:‘.n&p uLlf 8i40a . Prmfluuxol OINCINNATI & BT, LOUIB B. B. Apzaiust the Broadway Bank, July 10, 1824, for £6,504,000, still ponilng; appeal from order ranting defendants » bill' of particulars argued giu 10, 18703 not yet decided nd Lompany In tho Beautiful % CH L 0 ;xl&“!’ ie Beautirul Irish-Americen istinen Jivicey =30 Ry d S0c: McVICKER'S THEATRE, Allsutle Express, Jail, AL Knpioag e oo walhst T, W, Roe & Ca., July 18, 1874, for Lefdh Ak Depot corusr of Cilutwa sud Corrol-pia Wast Bide. .z;m,&w.'ru, dmu:hx;.len; bills for stationery; on l'sfll-"llrgisnodi-r‘"&! 5-6"& Ep Depar “Ardive. .calendsr sud Fe . ~ lu ks R e v 'Jobn O'Canpell, Uct. 81, 1874, for And the Great Faury fEatraraganta. Golmbus & ot P E BB e 33,18, fraudulent bills for lamps aud gus; BEAUTY ND THE BEAST l e T e o Apri) B T *ud Bobes | DN | £3, 50l and 75 couias | ONI0AGO, ROK IBLATD & PACIFIC RAILEOAD 2 fi“‘um' Alellxl‘x’ltr * Brandon for $32,873, Ia¥ 3 o Sew Pt Drama, $EOR "'b'?i{-‘."u‘x"“-'-'""" -gg"n-‘:“mwnmu TLE, fraudulent bula for goods Turnished (he bureau’ SITRUE WOMEN of street lamps; notice of trial October, 197t Agalust Morgan Joncs, Nov, 5, 1874, for (‘xsn.n traudulent bills; notice of trial for ‘Atainst Archibald Hall, Jr., Oct. 81, 1874, fore $115,103.64, fraudulent bills, laups aud gas; on Calehdur Ott. 10, 1570; went off for the term. “Axal;rt’ Dafilu'l !:ugflll:n Nov. ub, ;wZ)" ro{ raudulen lor supplies to Depart- é"s;i of Pubtic Works; lummon‘: served Dec. 4. Agalust E. 8, Marrinner and Willlam ‘M, Tweed, Nov, 5, 1874, for $350, fraudulent billa for bardware, ete. § recelved offer of Will- fam M. Tweed to wllow judgment to be taken Ownaha. Leavenw'tl [rrt Acvouods 18t Kapress. une‘.. — GRAND IIOLIDAY WEEK, Every Rveuing, Tucsdsy and Friday Matinees Muasonry Ixposced? Only oo week of the ¥leldinge, UAVERLY'S THEATRE. 2. B EAVERLY. e Ao Last night but ono of ROBE BV TN | Eitingihibed Tn ANTONY fiw"fl"A'. St Ml Sitohae? ', Banl] jut " and o LEGAL. UPREME COURT OF TIK §TATK OF NEW s Yourk.~ln the matter of uu“)‘!u-l-n aad Br-' \?‘[Irhnlm runce Lowipsay. otive [a aroby given puraiianl to an arder of the' Buprenie Court. made and eatered o the Ixh day af Novewber, 18 ppiomaatal dividend of twa aud woe-lalf cent oliar of the Indebieduoss uf. k Fire [nsursace Com zulnst bitu for full smouut, N a8 '*Autody,” and the eatl \y e, . s A Galust Georgo 8. Miller and Wiliam 3f, | Theairs Compang. Kelty (duls tirsnud kiyprian dalle Viiibruey for liscalver. sositer B! : 30 srtisis In all. Chenpest Mutinces Wodugaday an — s erch T, o, S0, et | i gt o U ot 8 fur Juml| 'y . A - e M. Tweed to allow Judgment 1o bo taken agulnsg P ARTMI:NT bim for full smouut, 87 CourrhiLiak o U CURLE, Agalust J, W, Smith, March 23, 1 for $5,- 238 for & piér No. 63 East mvu’?fiufi of trial for Junuary, 1574, Aguinst J. A. Monaghaa, Jan. 16, 1673, for $70,510.35, frandulent bills; sdmitted to ball in $23,000, April B0, 1877, Against Willlam Haw, Edward A. Mooufiml ~ NEW CHL NEATRE, Every Evenlng st K. Mutince Saturday nt 2610, ~Prices #38d 80c. ALLEN. SER o A 4kod e ’3"‘"’% @ Srilawe M Recr! SEBRCIA s HINERRRE o Of £t - Ls. TREASURY DE o iy A e cagy, (s s L wiiastiogion’$: vickon, licelvar, -1.;:( o dyal 1 thereof. 'I” 1 Ltiree mooils from thl o will be dissiowed. . . JA&‘KDUX. & Cumplruller of Curreacy. 455 SIISUELLANEOUS, coa—73, 80, 40d 35 ceots. Vorbes Hotland, Aug. 2, 18574, for $200,508.61 | e e S G vt -&}l ‘ll:m:xm l‘r?un gfia 1, 1570} domurrer over- DOL OIE. For Sale ruled sud parties e luvuul; Case now on ey g <A~ e, b u,u' l”‘ calendar for triak L EAD Y 14 A“:lwu . \V.Genet, March 7, 1874, for $207,- STEIN S H Q TERS Everywhers, dulentbiils on ths Harlem Court- Fon .87, House; judgment March 4, 1 Aguinst the estate of Chagles Vandevoort, NEW YEAR'S. Hyglenlc, Infallible and Aug. 6, 1574, for $145, 16080, Imudulent bills od D l] Preservative. nfiufi:n‘%w‘!“ Twnm:u: umke‘:; 5 {] al‘ PR ESENTS- V.m #{5.1‘.‘;:‘;5' ,'MA oures o W e AMsyor, R T TR T (ot fieboobi of tne Brato of Kew York), April DON'T FAIL T0 SEE THEM. 9Q Erinte, el , 1575, 10 recover simoyut of certaln fraudulent I.A:b, b UiLls pald in 1570 by R, B. Connolly, $6,103,997. ) 106 Ea Madisou-st. oy 5.8 it My o bt ol ot