Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, December 24, 1877, Page 4

& ' @Irz b, TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: MONDAY. DECEMBER 24, 1877, dwelt upon the substantisl aspects of the | Theatra tragedy ocourred, and it is only four samo topie, as oxemplified in the rocent re* | months ago that the pianotorte factory fire markable offort wheeeby the Firat Church | burned up soveral wotkmen, Theso events was onabled to Jift its entire indebtedness | happening so near each other are significant and stand befors the world with a clesn | cnough, to say tho lesst, to induce a jury bnlance-shost. Dr. Rrper, of Bt Panl'a | toinguiro whethor such iragedies avo en- ‘Universalist Church, had something of inter. } tirely due to visitations of Providence, They est to say regarding the liberal tendencies of ought to inquire whother human life in the day and ago respecting the doctrine of | factories is properly protected; whether the ondless punishment. i propristors take Auy precantions to guard Joss in the wesr and tear of wagons and ibe cxhaustion and damage of horses Incident to tho strain of ovor- coming the mud and ruts. A proposition hasheen introduced {nto the Ohicago Councll to rogulate the width of tires, and it is to Lo hoped that it will be adopted. The entire cost of making the chango will not be equal 1o the damage inflicted on Chicago strosts fn siz months by neglecting it. Tho move- mont, atarted in Obioago, will soon extond to the conntry distriots, which will begin to Bo strong has boen this appeal that the or- geod of the gold-brokers, and espeelnlly the Nation, have boen denying the historyof the sacret abolition of the silver-dollar colnage, aud the establishment of an exclusive gold coln as legal-tonder, One waeek wo wors told that the bill had been debated in Congress three snocossive years ; and once the Nation statod that Mr, Hoorea had made a speech on -the bill covering eloven pages of the Congrentonal Globe/ Having for pearly a yonr denjed tho ssorosy o? the demonatiza- can maintaln, in his original integrity, his hatred of tho silly mania which inspired it There is another literary production, not so admirable, which will possibly serve 8 an offéet. The life of Bxrvanp Pavusy, the HMaguenot potter, has passod into the Bunday.schiools. What Paumsr did to en- title him to this distinction, the most ardont friend of the truth cannot discover, Ha starved his family to feed his ambition, de- stroylng thelr fumiture to keep the fire under his furnaces, aud in the end had his where grew the arts of wur and peace, but ta poets of a Jater day have left untouched the ex-, tromely important il practical question, of hoy much it cost her for board and washing. It iy currently reported that the ripple {n the sclestiis world produced by Dr, Scruimyann's discogerfes bas extendeq; apd reawakened in Enzlsnd the rapldty. fading interest In men and manners of anclent days, As Is well-known, ths under. curront of popular sentiment of 1ate yeara h, been opposed 1o tho education of the youth of, that country—and the same [des has provafle TY MATL—~IX ADY) STAGH PRECAID. Eaturtay Ea Tol ekl one g Partsof a vesr, per WRERLY BDITION, POSTPAID. Onecopr, per yea ———— E their employen; whether eufficient means of There ia no resson to wonder that there | sscape are provided ip case of fire; and Frecimon: should bo an inquiry into the recont peviog | whether the brildings are. properly con- | adopt looal laws of the ssme nature, secord- | tion job, the Nation now confesses it, saying | reward upon earth by astaciating with Kinge T e e, foies s golre ok Onice Mareed In Tl acdlng stuteand | of Michigan avenue, or at loast that portion | sructed, The Now York Herald sayn of | ing o their exporience and the condition of | that it was not naoessary to lot the publio | and Princes, It in not hisown self-denlgl ao | reyieat of the dead languszes will be, as & fact, | of it paid for ont of ¢ity moneys, The con- | this particular calamity: It fuat least cer- ditlon of the strect itsolf is ample evidence | tain, from the fierce and awift progress of that thera has been m systematic awindle. | the firs, that the uilding occupied by the Theve ara six inchos of mud,—tho stickiest, | burned factory was of a most inflammable nostiest, vilost mud that was over known. | and flimsy charncter, and was a perilous ‘The streot is much worse than it was before | place in which to employ nearly two hun- tho repaving was nndertaken. It is aafo to | dred yonng girls and boys, especially ine estimata that in overy car-losd purporting to | business which requires the uso of engines contain ten tons of gravel thero were at least | and boflers.” ‘This scrutiny 1 all the moro soven tons of clay, Mr, 8TEwART, 8 Chicago | important, and ought to be made with all contractor of loug experienco, tostifies that ¢ the more thoroughness, because tho tragedy the Joliet gravel-bed wsa long sinco exhaust- | happened in a city whose papors aro conti- od, and that tho sofl presed off for geavel i8 | nally presching to other citios abont thoir 80 rich that oats spront and goraniums will | duties in cases of this kind, nnd potidying _grow inft. Every dollar expended upon the | insurance companies that they ought fo streot has boon worso than thrown swag, be- | withdraw thelr risks from them it they do couso mud has boon deposited on it which | not take certain precautions against fire. will pever be got rid of till it shall bo carted | Would it not bo well for the insurance com- off. It is propor, therefore, that the respon- | panies to ascortaln occasionslly how build- sibility for this hugo Job ahall be ascertained, | ings are construoted in New York, why it is and that efforts should be made to recaver | that the water.supply gives out, and how It tho monay that hins beon wasted. is that threo suoh horrible calamities have s happened in one year? know anything abont it at the time it took place, Speaking of tha argnment based on the scoresy of the act of 1873, it says: Iits abanrdity becomes more apparent if we apply 11 to Congressional Jegiatation in genssal, To how muchof It does anybody pay attention except the Tawyers and caitors! When t {a In.the least degres concerned with sciantific matters, who of say calllng pays attentfon (o It excopt spocialists? But (s all legisation whick Is only known to spe- or which possesses no popular Interest, ro frandalent or passed with evil desiga? Have sllver men no sense of hamor? It turther refers to the fact that silver was then at a premiumin gold, and nobody would bave objectod to its demonetization if they had known of it. I} quotss Dr. LINDERMAN 1o show that, in consequence of gold being go much chesper in 1873 thnn ilver, the Iattor was not in use as coin, belng worth moro 88 bullion ; and, commenting on thls, the Nation says: ' ‘This then gives one, and the principal, reason why but little attention was paid ta tho sct of 1878, 1t was not talked of outaide sclentific cir- cles, or the circle of those specially interested in colags, far the simple resson that it made na change In anything that people used or were dependent en. It recognized existing facts; 1t embodied ussge In law; but that was all. 3 The only deduction that can bo drawn from the fact that silver was worth '108 in gold when Jt was demonotizod is that it was no-violation of national falth or honor to de- monetize that coln which was the more val- nable, and edopt the chesper metsl. If there be any force in this argnmont, then tho Governmont might now demonetize gold and restore silver, on the pretext of abolish ing the dearer and adopting the cheaper metal. The confossion, however, 4is* msde that the law *“ woa not talked of outside sclontific clrcles, or those specially inter. osted in coinago.” That is oxactly what has beon stated. The Comptroller of the Cur- rency and the Director of the Mint inveigled tho thon Secretary of tha Treasury with the idea that he might become eminent it he could abolish sllver and have an exclusive gold colnage. Ho the thing waa worked up by them. They were experts, and the wholo country was subjocted to the grent loss and injury—n loss slmost incalonlablo—in ordor that these sclentific gontlemon might try on experimont | Unless the silver dollar ‘e remonstized the cost of that experiment to the Amarican people may not fall short of @ thousand millions of dollars, besides post- poning specie psymenta indefinitely, and subjecting tho Govornment to a disastrous financial faflure, X Silvor was demonotized in Eygland in 1816 ; but tho sot was not passed in the dark, nor was the knowledge of it confined ton fow **acientifio men”; it was not kept secret from tho publio, but was long oud thor. oughly disoussod. It was not enscted by a more omission, but was dono openly and dellborately, and every man in England know it. How did that transsotion stand morally? The British dobt was then atits highest sum. It was overwhelming. Bpeole payments were suspended. The “pational homor” was pledged fo pay that dobt in silver or gold; all private debts wore paynble in silver or, gold; ‘‘good felth” demanded ihat there ‘shonld be no tampering with the standards of values, -Silver waa the legal tender,—the money of the people. DBut silver at that timo was, as gold is now the dearer metal. I¢ the relative values of gold and silver in 1816 wore the same at this timo the Amencan dollsr of 412} grains would now ba worth about 116 cents in gold. Gold wns then worth obout 84 cents in silver; but the British Government demon- etized silver, abolished the dearer metal as lsgal-tonder, and made tha gold—84-cent dollars—the exclusive standard in payment of all debts, public and private, That was the way Great Britain denlt with her creditors, and no one ever questioned the right of that Government to select tho cheaper monsy with which to psy debts, Great Britaln thon debased her wlver oolnage, and ab this timo 20 British shillingn (silver) ars not worth much ovér $4.20 in gold, while 20 British. shillings (gold) are worth $4.86 gold in, Amerloan money, That ‘dograded,” **dishonest,” and ¢ swindling ¥ money is a Jogal-tender in England to tho amount of 810, and thero is $100,000,000 of itin clrculation. ‘Wa commend theso facts to those who inalst that we shall first 5dd 10 to 20 per cent to the valus of gold coln by making it the only legal- tonder; and that we aball then pay all our debta, publio and private, In this gold coln with ita exsggezated value, in ordeyto pro- serva the nationsl honor and good faith with our British creditors, who bought our bonds’ at 60 vents, payabla in gold orsilyer, but who now wané gold exclusivel, Remittanecs may be made efther b dratt, express, Fost-0fice arder, or in regiatered letters, at our risk. TERMS TO CITY BURSCRIBERS. Daily, delivered, Sunday excepted, 25 cents ner week. X ahy, dettveted, Eupday Included, 30 cAnta por weel. Addrens THR TRIBUNE COMPANTY, the neighboring rosds. Io the meantime the experimonts we have muggested should be ‘begun go that the draft-power of an average horso may be determined according to the width of a tiro in combating the resistance of mud. It Is pretly certaln that a mean can be roached which, without being too cumbersomo or heavy, will still not be sharp enough to cut roads to piecos and render them impassablo whenever there is a thaw or rain. much as the denial of common humsnity to his wite and children, which ia celebratod {n the present biography. The examplo is not. ona which need Il the mind of tho avernge Bunday.school acholar with noble sentiments, Indeed, thors hava besn parents who bave found this work, in the striotest sonse of the term, an incendiary publication. As for the manuala on pottery and porcelaln, they are for tha most part chenp claptrap affairs, writ- ten, like the memorable razore described in the reading books, only *to scll” They belong to litorature, as guide-books and way- pamphlets do, malnly by virtuo of the good company they keep in the bookssllers' sh beneflclal, Is one of those questiona which wiih, bear any amount of discusston, but which, Iike tha existence of a Hell, can only be flnally de., termined by fndlvidusl experience. As acon. tribntion to the present literature on this sub. ject we offer the history of & poor wretch wx,qa Corner Madison and Dearborn-sta. Chicago, Il Orders for tha delivery of Tilz TRIRUNE at Evansion, Engleweod, and Hyde Park left In the counting-room wlitreceive prompt altention. was last Tueaday found atarvinz upon the streets of New York. This man was B3 years: old and a graduate of Columbla Col.’ lege. Ha was taught at college ] the routing classical acquirements, besides) s smatteriog of French and other modern lag.; - guagres. After graduating he became a achool master, and a schoolmaster he remained unt! the year 1802 At this time ho became enam., ored of art, or perhaps he grew tired of fm. pelling the young ides, for he adovted the pro-) fesslon of bouse-palnting. Having lost hia) earnings in real-cstato investments, he form 1ast summer the highly-vovel resolution of go- Ing to New York to look for employment. The rest of tho story {s soon told. Disappoloted fn) getting work, his mopey gone, his clothing ’;5 TRIRUNE Trm CriicAno TR x had establlshed braneh offices . forthereceipt of subscriptions and agvertisements e follows: NEW YORR=Room 29 7ridune Buliding. F.T. Mo FappES, Manager., BAN FIANCISCO, Cal.—Palsca Hotel. CAARLES W. Nowrnve, Mansger. PATIS, France~No, 16 1taa de Is Grange-Dateltere. B, ManLez, Agent. LONDON, Eng.—American Rxchange, 440 Btrand. Hansy ¥, Gista, Agent. mm— A REMEDY FOR TRAMPING. - X The Maryland State Convention may claim the® distinction of being the first de- fiterate body to sit upon the tramp with the view of sscertaining the best disposition to be mado of that social elephant. The mem- bers of the Convention aro gentlemen of high social and educational standing, so that thoir viows are entitled. to oxtraordinary consid- eration, slthough very fow of them roally offered remedios that reach tha roat of the evil. The Hon. Moxraouxsy Bras had little hopes of curing the tramp nuisance by logls- lation, and favored giving them employment, —a remedy which is impracticable, of course. Judge Gruuoze, of the Baltimors Supreme Bench, diffored with Mr. Dram, and thought laws should bo mnde to suppréss the ovil., Jauzs A. Preros, of Kent County, favorod a law that would take up every tramp and put him to work, and if this could not be done to drive him out of tho Stato. Prof. Omax- crrLop, Prosidont of the Washington BMid- Iand University, summed up his remodies in the establishment of workhouses and tho organization of a constabulary forea for the whole State, Dr. Bxoponass, of Washing. ton, thought that the abolition of the liguor trafio would suppress tramping. The Rev. J. B, Bumorurz, tho Prison-Agent for Marylond, suggested tho purchase of an jsland in Chesapeske Bay, where all tho tramps might bo set to work. Prof, Hzxar O. Apaxs, of the Johns Hopkins Uni. versity, urged the withdrawal of il masist- anco from tho constitutional trsmp. Tho sontiment of tho Convention ultimately was exprossed in the shapa of a bill to bo pre- sented ot tho forthcoming sossion of tho Leglalatare, providing that all persons trav- eling through the State and found sleeping in barns and outhouscs shall be incarcerated and sontenced to terms of lsbor in the House of Correction. Ot all the proposed remodies, that offered by Prof. Avaus {8 the most practical, The Courte ond the constebulary may do a great deal in punishing tho overt acts of tramps, but wo doubt whether they can arrest tho evil. Logislation under certaln circumstances moy reach cortain cases, provided thero are 1o MoArvLiaTzns to pravent it ; butit will not oradicato the systom, for tramping is no Ionger o practice adopted of necessity, but a rogular, orgauizod plan to secure living withont work. Individual effort can do moro than logislation. If we ever expoot to break up tho system, wo must cesse to patronize it. It la organized mendi. canoy. Tho beggar who comes to the kitchen i no longer exclusively repre- ed b 19 , old:- woman (TRgS. oo dha :.'??.I..u.. e s often tho full-grown, robust, hoalthy, loafer- ish tramp, belonging nowhers in partionlar, too lazy to work, and determined not to work so long ashe can get a living under the ples of misfortune or the throat of violence, We may try overy remedy sug- gested by the Maryland Convention, but they will bo tried in valn, eo long aa the publie opaons ita kitchons and its pockotbooks to thom, and gives thom food, clothes, and shelter, Under such circumstancés the evil will continue in spite of all lawe that can be framed to arrostit. It isan evil moreover that will grow by fecding upon itself and in dlrect ratio to the amount of encouragement it rocolves, It poople donble the amount of their gifts to improvidence, then the num. beor of trampa will increasa two-fold, Bhonld they throw open tholr larders and expend money freely upon them, the country would soon Ewarm with millions of thom. It is within bounds to say thot. ten millions of those lazy nuisancos would flock over hore from Earope if they recelved ‘encourage- ment that they could live without working. 1f, on tho other hsnd, they kuow that they must work for a living, they will stay at home. This individusal offort {s all the more imperativo, and fs abiolutely forced npon soclety, becauso, under decisions like that made recontly by Judge MoArvirrxw, the tramp kuows very well that ho cannot be convicted evon if he isarrested for vagranoy. The remedy then rests with judividuals, and the way*to apply ib lu to order avery able- bodied mendicant who comes to the door begging for nasiatance, or, aa is often the oase, domanding help, to go about his busi. nees. Whon those loafers find that they cannat get food, olothes, and shelterg they will not only be willing but will be com. pelled to work. Help the deserving poor,— and it isalways oasy to discover when they are deserving,—but refase every robust begger and wandesing tramp, and the evil will soon die out, 0ps. The objeation to the pottery mania is, that it has pnssed into sn extravegance,—not merely an ostravagance of purss, but of thonght and feeling. It has been made an excuse and provocation for suporficial knowl. edgo of many pretty things in place of a tol- erablo acqaaintanco with useful subjects. The fow persons who {ake a sincore in- terest n pottery—and there arc momeo such—nacd to exert themsolven if they wish to save it from falso friends. If the study of pottery ia once mada ridiculous, as it promises soon to be, nothing can save it from disrepute and contempt. It will be- como again a lost art much mora speadily than it became a naw, or racovered, one, Fashlon and woalth, which were the last gocial powoers to take it up, will bo the first to drop it, and thers is no pursuit which so much needs the favor and snpport of wealth sud fashion. Judiclous collectors ought in avery way to discourage vulgar display, snd to maka ignorance keep ita own company in matters of thiskind. Nothing could be more unfortunato than that it should bo said of the bric-a-brac hunters, as .waa onoe said of the uneducatod travelers, that, in devoting tholr thonghts to these subjects, they aro carrying ruina to rufna. MeVicker's Theatre. Madlrop sireet, between State snd Dearborn. +*Beauty and the Demat, " and ** Blmpeon & Co.™ tatters, hls shoes aplit nnd burst In msn places, his whole appearance denoting the last! stages of wretchednoss snd misery, ho presented! himselt st the police statlon, begging mnhelur.1 —— 4 i Tioaless Thentre. & el Randoiph street, between Clark apd LaSalle. Engagement of Joseph Murphy. ** Eersy Gow." O COUNTRY ROADS ARD WAGON-TIRES. There is just now axpecial embargo on the business of the country. It is mud. The ocuntry roads are said to be practically impassable. Tho farmers are able to reach the railrosd stations on horseback, perhaps, to got their mail and weekly papers, but thoy can haul nothing to the railroads and take no heavy supplios back home, The inflncnce of thig impodiment is far-reaching, Tho railroad trains ara ranning light. Millions of dollars’ worth of marketable prodace is lying idle. Morchants are not solling to the extent thoy woro lod to expect, Collections will bo slow for the sales already made. The losa {a nona tho less boeause it is indofinite, but it affects all kinds of commorce and trado, The situation ia exceptionally bad this year on necount of the wet weather, and it ia considered doubtful whether at any timo during the winter tho ground will ba frozen to a sufficient depth to famish a solid foundation for the ordinary wagon transportation, In all Statos, howover, whers tho ground is of the same character as Illinofs, this condition of the ronds moy be counted on during soveral months of the year, modified by tho meteoro- logical conditions, so that the problem of ovorcoming the difficulty is not for the pres- ontalone but a permanent ono; henco tho groot importance of the subject. It has beon thought by somo persons who have givon the smatter attention that tho ronds of Illinois, and otber States where the soills of like oharaoter, should be constructed after the fashion of the Holland roads. Holland, bav- ing noither atone nor wood sufficient for rond- building, and with a soft, marshy soil where dirt roads would be uzeloss, has constructed roads with burnt clay, which corresponds closely to tho olinkers of a brickkiln. Tho roadsthemselyos aro constructed on the canal- ‘banks and are excollontly drained, and it has been found that, built of this matorial, they will last half s century. It is very doubtful, bowever, whether o complete systom of thoso roads could bo established in » Btato like Ilinols, so aparsely settlod as compared with Holland; and where our extremes of ali- mate aro so great, Tha expense of con- {' struotion wounld bo 8o large 6s to provent ita being undertaken. Some other moans for combating the loss to businesa that arlses from impassable coun- try roads must then bo looked for, and we think & partial remedy may be found in regn- Iating the width of wagon.tires, Tho ten- dency or fashion of wagon.makers is to make the tires just oa nparrow as thoy can bo and sustain tho load which the wagon 14 dosigned to carry. Tho purposa has been in part to securs a lightneas of wheel and wagon and sttain greater spoed; but it has also boen largely on mccount of the appoarance. The result is. that tho avorago width of the tires of country wagons and city trucks has boon reduced to nbout two inches. These wagon-whools strike into the mud like a knifo or an ax, and the travel alons cuts the road and deepons and in- creases the mud. Tho narrowness of the tire at the same time increases the strain upon the draft power, for a wagon.wheel that sinks aix inches into the mud is pro- polled st tho oost of the same forca as would be required to revolve it at that much incline. To pull aloaded wagon through mud is liko pulling it up s steop hill; the deopor the mud the groater the rosistance, As the rim of the whaeol is narrowed, this resistance 1s increased in goometrical progression that 18 to say, it is not merely twico na hard to pull a load through mud ona wheel with a two.inch tire as a four-inch one, but proba- bly four times as hard. The effect may be illustrated as follows; If it were possible to have a wagon-wheel as wide as tho road-bed, auch a wheel would not cut into the mud and iojure the road still moro, but would act as @& roller, compreas the water out ot the sides, and improve and harden the surface, Tho noaror tho wagon-wheels approach the char- aoter of a oller, the loss they will damago the roads aud tho more quickly will the mud be permitted to dry up.’ Tho widor the rim of the whee! can be made without rendening the ‘wheel so bulky and welghty ss to defeat the purposs, the casier it will be to drag over clay roads and the less the tire will cut up tbs voads. This is not merely correct in heory, but has been abundantly tested in practioey In tha fur rogions of the North. weat tho half-breeds use wagons with wheels that are nearly & foot wide at the tire, and draw their furs over the miry rosds with sin- glo horses. Such wagons may still be seon coming into 8t. Paul, sad the roads are never so bad but they can be used. The common senso of the Indian {s probably not saperior to that of the whito man, but it]s not 5o easily warped by s consideration of appeargnoas. ‘The farmers of Iilinols should long since have made expariments with a dynamomaeter to test the relative foroo required to draw the average wagon-load against the resistance of road-mud with tires of various width, 1t is vafe to estimate that millions of dollars of damage is done overy year to the roads of this State, inclading those of towns and vil~ Iages, by the cutting of narrow tires. The straets of Chlcago are damaged to the extent of a million dollars s year, in all probability, by the same agenoy. In the caso of the country roads the injury is indsfinitely in- creasod by the loss to business after the roads bave been cut up into an impassable condition by the revolving iron knives that pass ovor them; and thero is atill suother GouLp in tho Now York Tribune agalnst & restoration of the silver standard is thus stated: **The United States promlsed to pay in' *coln’ whon only 8,000,000 of silver dollars had ever beon coined, so that pay- mentof principal or interest in that metal was plipaically impossible.” But Jar Govzp .| takes good care to conceal from the readers of his paper that previons to tha act of 1853 small silver coins wero of full weight with {he silver dollar, and werse logal-tender for any amount, The law readas ‘‘And that dollars (holf dollars, quarter dollars, dimes, and half dimes) shall be logal-tenders of payment, sccording to their nominal valuo, for any sums whatover,” Thars were coinod of those full-weight half dollar, ete., ploces {ho amount of 877,873,271 in halves, quar- ters, dimes, and half dimes, all of which were a lawful tender for any sum. Dut this is not all. Congress made tho Bponish dollars a logalfendor. It 1s stated that there wero 93,000,000 of Bpan- ish and Mexican silver dollars in ocircula- tion in this country ot the time the sllvor dollar boeame more valuablo than tho gold dollar, when the valua of silver money began to decline. 8o far, then, from its be- {ug true, s alloged by Jax Gouwn's paper, that only 8,000,000 of silver dollars had ever been colned, the quantity of full weight legnl-tender jssued from the mints provious to 1855 amounted to 85,419,100, ArcmBarLd FOnpEs, speclal correspondent ofy the London News, in his military lecturo on the, war, says that the sfege of Rustchuk, which was annotnced with some flourish as about to begin; at tha closc ot July by an army which hadn’t o siege-gun or a dozen shovels, was brought 1o 2’ sudden termination by the Turks changing tho! commander of thst fortress, intimatiog llllt’ treachery was {ntended. As totho failurs of ZIMMERMAR'S campalgn in tho Drobrudachs, he #8y8 ZIMMRBMAN {8 & capaple man, but haa not) had men enougb. In fact, the first lesson of the Russlan Ganerals wus that an army was always ‘bigger on paper than in tho feld, and vncewhen Mr.Fonnss, in conversation withthe Grand Duke NionoLas, respectfully suggested that an srmy corps be posted for the defense of the Bulpka Pass, **My Gop," exclaimod the Imperial brother, “wheream I to find an army corpe! I have not a spare battalton.” * Neverthcless,” says Fonpxs, * he hardened his heart and held msn- fully to bis ground,” the best tribute one sol- dler can pay to the “stout soldierbood™ of snother. Russisn Generals n the abstract ¥oRnxs bas great contempt for, but he alwsys has some defense for every one, Krupenzm, be nays, followed orders in attacking Plovas with too small a force, and Princo BCHAOKOSKY * made “a’ right gallant error * In losing the day when ho thought ho was saving it. As tor the Turks, thoy fight, just as they did a centurvi a0, by burrowing {n the ground and compell- ing steges and {uvestments, not by plan of cam- palem and the strategic movement of armles. ——— Vinveriy’s Theatre, Morrae street, corner of Dearhorn. Engsgedgent of Toss Exilage. **Antopy and Cleopatra.™ N — Golmeui' Novelty Thestre. CIark atroet, opposite Court-House. **Masonry '4" " o8 New Chicago Theatrel ClarR street, opposite the Sherman House. Callen der’s Georgla Minstrels. MONDAY, DECEMBER 24, 1877, —e e OHIOAGO MARKET BUMMARY. The Chicago produce markets wero moderately active Haturday, with (ew important changes in prices, Meas pork closed 2%c por brl lower, at $11.70@11.72% for January snd 311.85Q11 B7% for February. Lard closed 2y4¢ per 100 1bs lower, at $7.70@7. 72% forJanuary snd $7.TIH@T.80 o1 Fobruacy. Meats wore essy, ot 4ie for boxed shoulders and 80,00 per 100 1ba for do short ribs. Whisky was firmer, at 8106 pergallon. Flour was quiet. Wheat closod K¢ lower, 8t 81.00 for Decem- Der and §1.00% forJanuary. Corn closcd easler, at 443(c cash and 423c for January. Onts closed ateady, st 24%c cash and 25¢ for January, Ryowss un- changed, at Goc. Barley closed easler, at 5740 spot and 67yc for January. Hogs were steady, 2t $4.00@4.10 for packing Jois. Cattle were dull, at $1.76@5.40. Sheep wera qulet, at $2.76@ 4.95. loge packed in this city sinco October, 038,703 heud. Recelved fn this city last week, 00,710 bels flour, 404,634 bu_wheat, 220,830 bu com, 147,837 bu oats, 18,201 bu tye, 174,24 bu ‘arley, 111,043 live hogs, and 13,300 cattle, Ju- spected ioto store in this city SBabdrday morn- ing: 171 cars wheat, 53 cars corn, 25 cars oals, 4cara rye, 67 cars barley. Total, 320 cars, o 121,000 bo. One hundred dollarain gold would Tuy §102.07% In greenbacks at the close, e 1t {a the fashion for Americans whodonot got onin London to wribe back very bitter Jetters to Amerfean newapapers, abusing England and the English in every phrase of thelr vocabulary. Whilo this sort of thing may bo & relief to the overburdened mind of the cprrespondent, it is hardly fair to the readers who care for tnblased reports and reliable information, An instance of tho onc-sided style of writing may be men- tloned to fllustrato the polnt. A correspondont of the Cincinnat! Enguirer scuds froin Londona word of advice to American actors who may be contemplating & European trip. He proceeds to enumerate tba {lis which they will have to enduro, not the Jeast amoung which, he says, will be the rudences and insults of members of the professton, He adds that one of thebest Amer- tean comedians (sic), when in London not many years ngo playlog as Solon Shingle, was most grosly insulted and abused by his confreres, simply bocause he was an Amcrican, A more extraordinary statement could bardly be made. Mr. Owsns went to London with s great flour- ish, and falied—that was all thero wasto it When an American actor goes to London he is aubjected to tho same tests =3 are aspirants of any other uatfonality, If he falls it {s becauss he is not up to the mark, not on sccount of his belngan American. In fact, the greatest suc- cesscs on the London stage have been achlevod by Americans—vide Josxru Jryrenson, Jonx 8, CLAUKE, CitanLzs R. Trionns, Jr., Mids Bits- AN, and hosts of othicrs. As far as social treatment i concerned, It should be known by this time that Americans, whother aetors or on- gaged In other professions, £ they only act like gentlemen, wré treated with exceptional courtesy, 'The truth ia that the English peaple are by nature and education less demonstrative In thelr manners than are our froe-and-casy Americans, and the latter mistake for unkind- ness what is only a customary soclal reserve. Instead of sccommodating himself to the cus. toms of the nation, and by gradusl scquaint- ance learning that Englishmen are jolly eood fellows, the American iu London forthwith robels, and sends oft his hastily-formed {mpres- sions, as has the Enguirer correspondent, to scatter broadcast & viow of England that s ut- terly falso and unfounded. ‘The Becretary of the ‘freasury complains that, thesales of tha 4 percent bonds have ceased. ‘Bug this is the complaint of tho wolf sgatnst the lamb for muddyiog the water, There has been & goneral outcry fn tho Eastern citfes, under Wall street influence, that the payment of} the bonds according to contract would baj “gwindliog," ** dishonest,” *repudiation,"” and* tho total destruction of public morality, Tho futeation was to atop the sale of the 4 por cents and scare Covgress fnto backing down on the Siiver Homonetfzing bl 1t 1 simply prace ticlog & Chinese trick of poundiug od gongs and making s horrld nolse. Bat Congress {s not to be bulldozed by vociferation. When it orders the bonds sold to the people for sllver dollars and erecnbacks at par, tho Wall strect sharps can do as they please about buying them, as tholr assistance will not be needed [f they do uot want to render it. ‘The prevailing notions in Washington con- corning tho national honor are peculiar, Thoy oro illusirated by tho recont attacks made on Bocretary Smesuan by the National Repubdlican because ho spponrsd boforo the Congressional Committoe on Appropriations to defent an allowance for certain claims alfowed by the Government officials. This procoeding is denounced as a direct effort to “ injure tho public credit.” Thon we presume overy other effort made to economize the Governmant expouses must bo similarly con- slrued ns **aon attack on tho publio credit,” for there i3 more extravagance and corrup. tion in thia business than in any other de- vico for gotting rid of tho public money. The claim busainess is, as a rule, disrepatable. ‘Whoro there s ono claim of-merit sgainst the Government, thero ar hundrods that aze frandulent in whole or in part. Nearly evory clalm prosented i exaggerated by threo or four times its actusl value. Tho attornoy having it in charge counts upon ro- coiving ono-half of what shall finally be al- lowed. Varioug revelations in the past indi. cate a further margin for officinl connivance, Fortunntely, the mere allowsnoo of the ¢laims is not all that s required to secure poyment, for which an appropriation muat peas through Congreas. When tho Secrotary of the Treasury nppoars before a Congros- sional Committes to defeat such an appro- priation, it Is an evidenco in itaclf that hois convinced it should not be paid, -and,. if he can likowise convineo Congress of that faot, ho is saving tho public money from being plundored. This ia & process which most people outside of Washington will regard as calculated to strengthen instesd of injuring tho publio credit, and the opinion of Wash. ington newspapers will not chango the fact. Greonbacks at the Now York Stock Ex- shanga Saturday closed at 073, 1t is gravely announced that tha Porto has suod a proclamation doposing Prince Mrran, of Servin, but it is pot stated what thio Porto proposes to do abont it it Mrzay declines to stoy doposed. A proclamation from Servia " doposing tho Porte would bave fally samuch effegt just uow, with a prospect that the thing proclaimed may eventually come to phss. ‘Wo would adviso those porsons who insist that tho bonds must be pald in gold alone in order to comply with the law to rond tho whort article copled into another colnmn Irom tha Clncinnati Zimea vociting the rocord .undar tho declaratory act of 1869, The funding act of 1870 follows tho act of 1869, in 1o wiso modifies it, but indoed mskes % us:mugm— nnd plainer, i¢ that wero possiblo, e ——— Bome of the “lalty" fu the Btate of New York are becinulog to doubt the assertions of the Wall strect organs [n regard to sitver, Ono of them spears the following questions at JAT Gouwp's editor: Pavunxaarats, N, Y., Dec. 6.~1 wonld ik tomk you & few questioss azout monayt (1) If the isxale tender quality should be restored tosliyer would sot its vajue spacdily spprosch thas of gold? (3) If the Jepsi-tonder quality were removed from greenbacks would $bey be worth any more than waste paper? (3) 1f remoriog the legal:tendex quality froct eithor of the peecions molale decreasen it yalus, i3 the fact tust stiver ts worth less than gold any resson why we should atill keap 16 loswvaluablo? (4) Does not the Constitu- tlan prohibit the States from makiag saythiog but gold andsllver alogal-tender? (5) s 1t not & ust Inferenco that the founders of the Gorerament (fols lowin precadent of all nations down Lo & récent dats, ba shown by THORLOW WEED) meant that thepear plestiould bave the use of both metals as money? 3. J. Vax Wrox e The New York Tvibunecontinues to gabble ahout tha consplcuons prominence glven to the biil demonetizing sflver, but when repeatedly maked, falls to quoteslie from its columns showing that it ever dlscussed the question of the demonstizstion of siver in 1673, 1f the slogle atanderd is the divine measaroof mouey, why aid not the Now York Tribune say so whou it was proposedl Tho naked truth is, that Warrataw Raip bad no knowledge in 1672-'8'4 that say bill was bofare Congress or had passed that Lody striking out the silver standard of mon Tio was s perfect know-nothing on the subjget; still be prattics now about the fall and ample discusslon there was §a Congreas on the propoattion, but csn't quote suy of it. e———— Tho trial of Tioxx for defrauding the Governmont by making a falso declaration of hisincomo during the years of thein. come-tax will tako placo on tho 8th of Janu- 14 is an awkward coincidence for him 1hint {ho trial occurs threo dags bofore the lovo-fenst of the Ohio Democracy, who are to again pass resolutions of confidenca in his honesty nnd hia right to the Presidonoy of tho United Btates. ’ The posaibility that the United Statea may become a great tea-producing country is set forth {n a pamphlet abont to be issued in the form of a supplementary report by the Com- missioner of Agriculture. In the opinion of QGon. Lzovo, certain of the Btatea possoss a climato and quality of sofl corresponding so closely with those of China, Japan, snd As. sam o to justify tho anticipation that the succossful culture of the tea plant will yet bo accomplished in thoso Statea. e et—— To the Editor of Tas Triduns Exoxviire. Jli., Dec, 22,~Cas you tell me whea, §f ever, n this country the allver dollar was worth less than tha gold dollar, and for how long at sach period fu remalued lower thau gold? Also, bow many sliver dol- 1ars wers minted before 1853} thiere soems to iave been Ifttle Over 8,000,000 since thattime, and the gold men say Suzua¥‘s promiso sud the scarcity of stives dot 1ars lod the bondholders to belleye that they would be o théy must not be disappainted; Lo to take aliver, bul:’llljna,l.lel L L Ly thoy must have gold. Botween tho years 1703 and 1834 tho welght of tho gold dollar was one-fiftcenth as much as the silyer dollar, During most of this time the bullion value of the gold dollar was the greatest, for purposea of exportation. The American legal-tonder of both wers of courss exsctly slike. In 1834 the Democrats, under the lead of Tox BaxTux, reduced the welght of thesold dollar sbout 8% per cent, making the propor- tions one of gold to sixteeh of silver by welght. Thu effect ol this, making the bullion valusofthe sllver dollar greater than thabof thagald dollar, wavta cause moresilvertobs exported than gold, All tho aitver cofns previous to 1858 were a full legal-tender, becavsa. tho parts of a dollsr con- talued full weight. The-total silver colnage previous to 1853 was $85,419,108, of which $8,045,838 were fu dollar picces, and §77,8T5.871 i halves, quarters, etc., but chiefly halves, be- causa they were esteemed mosa convenfant than whole dollars, The *scarcity-of-stivesdojiar' argument {s pure humbug and bosh, The mints can coln 50,000,000 & year of allver dollars when- over the order is given, without incresslng the present capacity; and every bondholder well knew thst tho Government had reterved the option in thelaw to pay in siiver whenover 1t was the futerest of the Government to doso, Nubody knows this better then Jomw BuxaMan bimselt. For many yetra there has mot beem suchs yush for laud in the western part of Minoesota a3 there has bean sloce the last barveat. The 8t. Paul Plonssr-Press has made careful inquiry st the different land ofices and rallroad ofiices whoro sales are made, and has found ghat dur- 500 The announcement in yesterday's Tarn- Nz of the discovery of an open Polar Bon sbove Biberia will bo recoived with some grains of allowance bocanso It lacks the ordl- nary marks of authentloity. But thore is good reason to believe that, if an open Po- lar Boa ever Is discovered, it will be in that roglon. The Gulf Biream, which, after ita long journey across tho Atlantio, preserves a large part of its original warmth, empties into the Polar Ben north of Norway snd Sweden, Tho temporaturo of the upper part of Europe is on this sccount many de- groes highor than that of the upper part of Amoriea. Isothermal linos passing through Hudson's Bay touch Bpitzbergen, and the florn ond fauna of the lower eud of Dafiin's Bay aro chatactoristio of Nova Zembla, The roason for doubting the prosent announoce- ment §s not its Inherent improbability, Lut the fact that the Rivers of Ob and Yenlsol sre not unexplored as thoy aro represented to be, and it is about s approprigte o say that they furnich & ronte to the North Pole as it wonld be to call the Ohicago Itiver the highway to Lake Buperior. We beliove an open Polar Sea will be found there, not because the Rivers Ob and Yenesol run due north, but because the Gulf Btream ought to keop the tempera- ture of its water above froezing point even when it has roached vory high latitudes. The sama canses would keep anopen sea above North Amorics {f Behring's Btraits wore wido enough to admit tho warm car. rout which is choked up at this polnt, or it tha Japan carrent were not beaten back by the shores ‘of Alaska. In this connection many readers will recall a racent curious astl- clein the Atlantjo Monthly, which attempt. cdto show that, ot the expense of » large canal acrous the peninsula of Alssks, the open Polar Bea would bo an gecomplished fact, and the temperaturo of wholo of British America be raised to about that of Philadelphia. The sad calamity by the explogion in New York City on Fridoy last, if it were an isolated cavo, might be commented upon by tho jury of inquest a8 one of those mystari- ous events to be clasaified under tho some- what vague title of *visitations of Divino Providence,” Unfortunately, however, it was only & yecar sgo that the Brooklyn Tho cabla dispatches are contradiotory ro- garding the progross of the peace movement in Constantinople, but thero fs no conflict of statement s to the critical condition of affairs in that clty. Provisions haveincroased enormously in price, in consequonco of the hedvy dnp;echflml of tho value of Turkish papor-motey, and grent distress already pre. vails amony the poorer classés. If tho price of food advances still more, there are grounds for the apprebension of a scrious uprising of the famishing thousands. Now that Pittsburg has finlahed the whole- sale indictment of persons who assumed any prominence in tho suppression of the July rots, sowo lelsure is left for adjusting claims for dsmages, The claims already passed upon and approved amount to §165,+ . 000,—a snug sum to pay for the privilege of surrendering tho city toa mob for a week. By the time all theso accounts are settled, and the peoplo taxed to pay the bills, J¢ will doubtless occur to Pittsburg that the easjeet end chenpest way to soltle claims for damago by riot iy, not to have any riots. Mr. BorrwaLy's sublime struggle fo the revision of {he Bevised Biatutes st $3,0008 yoar Is drawing to o Clowe - Yowder tribuies 1o the. werih-of - I WOTR are Put forth by the Esstern press. Wa want hla wark re« Vised that he may not Lasert the Hafuading act, 80 s to hauge the bonds from £old and sllver bouds to gold Doads, oaly. Trwe seit goid bunds, we-want thie Desedt of the tact,—C¥nctanall Commercial, Tha precsution 1s & proper ove, It was the revisers of tho previous edition of the statutes 1n 1874 who surreptitiously fntroduced the pro~ vision, unobserved by Congress and unknown to tho-people, forbidding silver coins to be nsed 28 a legal-tender forwars than 85, and Bouxr- waLL ls not shove tampering with- the Bafund- {og sct snd ‘etriking out the word *‘coin’" and inserting-thawerd ' gold.” e ‘The British Iudla Government resolujic publighied in the Caleutts Gasdts, contains'some curious statlitics relatlvs to the destructive work of wild animals and snakes. Last year 48,000 cuttlo were deatroyed by wild animalssud yenomeus snakes; sud 23,857 wild apimals sad 270,185 polsonaussnekes had boen killed; 120,015 rupoes had been expended fn rewanls, In tho current year 10,378 persous and 54,830 catile have been killed, and 124,574 rupees expended in rewards, 1o the central provinces the deaths from this cause increassd from B17 in 1875 to 1,008 10 1878, —e 1t Dr. HowLaxp aud the conductors of Sorid- ner's had had common sense,—and it s lkely that tho latter have some,—thoy woulda's havo made such an outcry bacause s plagiarist rang insposm of Bip¥st DosuLi's oo them sod got paid for it. Tho prica pald for the posm— 35, the vorsos filing & page and & balf, aud be- {og of high merit—was sa wretchedly low as to cast roflections either upon the gensrosity of the publishers or the character of thelr contrib- utors. The wages of & plagiarist's sin o such & case are mot exsctly deatd, but they are just about starvatlon. . e eet—— e The lesders of the Christian Temperanco As- aoctation, of Bostan, have been unwize enough to protest publicly againat the uge of wine st tho recent Wirrriz bsoguet, Thboy weroun- wise in two respects,—frst, 1o critidsing tbe mauagement of whut was strictly a private eu- tertaloment, and therefore an affalr in waich the on-lavited were withont tho slightesf pro- text for.intesference; second, in calling public siteation to & feature of tho besques whidy THE RAGE FOR POTTERY, The present wmania for bric.a-brao ware {llustrates the disposition of polite soclety 1o overdo things, Originally an interest in pottery was a token of an msthetio taste, or a desire for ons; now it is too ofton only an affectation. The snobe, the dilettanti, and their imitators, have all * gone into" pots tery. ‘Thoy can tell you to a year the limits of the Etruscan period ordéscribe the charac. teristica of majolica ware withous wisaing a mark put down in the books. They know alt about Falence, Sevres, Dresden, and Dalft, They bave oollectlons more or less preton- tious, and a knowledge of them more or less complets, Some of the enthusiasts axe com. pelled by circumstances to be so chiefly at the expensa of richer friends; but thoss who hava the lgast money to spend in this manner have commonly thg greatest wealth of imag. instion. A cracked saucer, 800 years old, oconfures up for them ahspes mora beautiful than poets or painters have dreamed of. 0ld china is more interesting to them mere- 1y beosuso the painting wants perspective than the work of a true artist, whosa educa- tion had not been neglected, would be. Their special knowledge is offonsive becauso it s it ot ocondif nedol il 8 clot o ¢ s » condition of speclal Ignorance. That | 0 00 L ent and 1ot in the sacablne of ro- which they do know is 80 truly exclusive in- od Formation that it shuts oub fram their sym. | De¢d bellef fa the futura of the land of whest. pathies the wisest and best of their fellow- | i3 Awacuzon| gadubnnt the \l:'\tflu \O:r Athv;m men. Ing diriy shirs sud s rumpled collarl Was Pottery has its literature and its slang, and | Dsnostunszs perpotually hanated by & mania it only needs the defenseof Injudicious per. | for frec-luchi Thess are questions which sons a fow years longer to have alio {ta sat. | bave not been satlefactorily solved by, even so e Ta liarture 1 haa prodused one | AL 1 stude, 5 Sk S S work of valus,—a work which almost com- = covered that the law uo loger permitied it. | pensates for the false sentiment that has kavrabigutions nceg e Dol o ares st This scandalous history of demonstzation | grown up about tha subject,—snd tha s | 4310 tho financial stability of the literary poanls furnished of itself & strong reason why the | Loworziiow's poem of * Keramos.” No law of silver Jogaltandar should bo restored. | person who bhas read it in & discerning spisit 'WRY SILVER WAS DEMONETIZED. Part of tha question whether silver ahould be monetized Is the history of how it camo to be demonetized, Part of that history was the fact that the coinage of the silver dollar, ‘whici: had been the unit of money value in this country from 1702, had been prohibited, and the dollar’ demonetized, for more than two years before tho country generslly heard of the procesding.. The information—the knowledge that such an importsatstep Lad been taken—was confioed to the fey officals who bad taken part in the proceedisg. The demonetization of silver was the result of two legislative acts, one in February, 1873, and the other in 1874, The Presidint who algned the law did not know what had beon done, and eight months afferwards ‘wrote an elaborate prediction of the good results of silver colnage, which eahfgc bhad already been repsaled! The demontization of allvar was a great wrong upon the country, and, being accomplished seczetly, wajafraud which of negessity must bave been planned and carried through with precsutions against digcovery. The act was nok mads putllo gen- erally until the oloss of 1875, whes, silver becoming available® for colning, it waa dis. The temperance pooplo of Now York City, and in fact poople of ol sorts, sro grestly in. terested intho outcome of a new Muzrny movewment in that city, Referonco ia had to the wovement ¢f Mr. Owex Murrur, sn Excise Commissioner and Freasurer of the Exciso funds, towards parts unknown, bear- fug with him & large amount of money of ‘which he was the official custodion, At last accounts all attempts to trace tho fugitive had failed, snd there was reason to believe that enothor big thiet would soon be in a position to return to the land of his birth, wake s full confession, and then restore about ton cents on the dollar of his stealingy. 1o cultivation. The reasous for thissudden fm- pulss of immigration is that, as a wheat-pro- duciog State, Mionesots has asteadily-sdvanciog roputat(on, aud the crop of 1577 hias been ono of unexsmpled quality sod magnitude. Besides, the disappesrance of the locust plague, which for four or five years has dovastated the western Prof. Bwmia yestcriay preached a sormon upon 8 subject ciminently suited to the time —the importance of the contribution box us a wedium for the practicul expreasion of bevevolence aud charity. The Rev. ArTuus Buzcgxer, of the Firut Preabyterian Church, of that place and generation. Burniog BAvruO may have loved aud sung ia the lslcs of Greece,