Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, September 18, 1877, Page 4

THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE; TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 18, 1877. 4 The Gribunc. Tt MS OF SUBSCRIPTION, BY MAL peu Eutttton, IN ADVANCE—POSTAGR PREPAID. BTU Of @ year. ber Ino Matled to way address four weeks far. bunday baltton: Lt a Dante shir Baturan: I, tre Partaof a \car, per mont WREKLY EDITION, POST! One copy, per Fei Club of ten... Linh of twent; Specimen copies rent tree, To prevent delay aud mistakes be sure and eire Post: ‘Ofiice addrens in full, including State and County. Kemittaners may be matic either by draft, exrremy Post-Office oriter, or In registered letters, at our risk. TERMS TO CITY SUBSCIINERS. Daiy, delivered, Sunday excepted, 25 ceata per week. Latly, delivered, Sunday Included, 50 ceuts ner week. Address THE TRIRUNK COMPANY, Corner Madison and Dearborn-tts.. Chicago, Ml. Orders for the delivery of The TRint Rat Evanston, Englewood, and Hyde ark leftin the couoting-room ‘Whi rece!re prompt attention, ~AMUSEME, Hooles’s Thentre. Trandolph street. between Clark and Lasaite, Kor Engement of Lawrence Darrett. ‘*Jnilus Cxrsar.” Mesdamen Cummens, Foster, etc.t Messrs. Barrett, U'Neill, Price, ete. MeVicker’s Theatre. ‘Madteon street. between State and Desrbarn. Ene Ragement of Edwin Hooth. ‘Ktcheltea.” Mesdanice Don, Price, ete.7 Messra, Booth, Wheelock, Pearson, ete. Adelphi Theatre, Monroe street, corner of Dearborn. ** Ticket-ot> Leave Man.” Mesdames Myers, Plorce, ttc. Mussra. Hamilton, Blalsdell, Keane, ete. New Chicago Theatres Clark atrect. opposlte Sherman House. Havorly's Minstrels. Measra. Ryman, Thatcher, Howard, cte. Wood's Musenm. Monroe tircet. between Btate and Dearbora, n+ sagement of George Fror Wide-Awako.” Expostt! Nuilding. Michigan avenue, opposite Adams strect. Btate Industrial Exposition. Taters Day and evening. Hnse-Ball Pork, ‘Twenty-third aireet, corner uf State. Dase-Dall Tournainent, Indl 5 SOCIETY MEETINGS. NTHIAN CHAPTER, No. ap, 1. A. Me Bes ele’ Convocation tite Tiealay ovening, Sept. 18, at 7 ovlock. Work on the R. A. Dexree. 1. A. CRAWFORD, H. P, 4.0, DICKERSON, Bre. ASTILAT, LODGE, ona, A. F. and As M,—Regue Jar Steeting this cf evening In thelr hall, 70 Mt for busine ond work on tho M.A. Degree. ‘The Caterinty cordially invited. - C. , CRANE, Bee. SDAY, SEPTEMBER 18, 1877. CHICAGO MARZEI SUMMARY. ‘Tho Chicago product marketa were irregular yes- ferday, provisions belng quiet and grain active. ‘Mess pork closed easier, at $12.471¢ canh or Octo- Wer and 212.123; eoller the year. sJuard closed .70 per 100 lbs cash or October and, 4.12! seller the year, Moats closed firm, perm for toose shoulders and ‘fc for do short. Lake frel:ghts were flemer, at U%¢ fur com 1491.69 per gal- Flonr was In poud demand, and stronger. ribs, to Buffalo, Hizhwines were «toad: lon. Wheat closed 1y@1 20 hizher, at $1.08% for Sop+ tember and $1.01", for Octuber, Corn closed Orin « tember and + 3s¢ for Oetobur, 3 att4%c eash ond S40 for Octuber. Hye was cssler, See Barley closet lo lower, at G2gc cash ana the for October, Hoge | e, and de tow er for ight, Heavy | { jo at 33.00@ 6.70 for cammon to were mchanged, Sheep wera tnld 50, ‘The xtucks of provisions in Chi- and eimmor tnake) Include 37,423 Bris mess pork, 11,031 tras lard, 4,058,020 Ibe short-ciba, and %117 tes sweet-plckled hans, New York has now in s'sore 205,202 ba wheat, 2.403, 18 ba corn, 707,202 Im oats, and 23,80 ca tard. One hundred Wllare tn gold would buy ; $102. 8713 In greenbacks (it the close. Greenbackn nt “ts New York Stock Ex. change yesterday ‘senched 97}, and closed | at O74. . — The physician fa “attenélouce upon Senator Monron says that within ten days his occu- pation will be gone, and the great War Gov- ernor will uct be dead, cither, ee, A tailor in Bellevue, Javkeou County, Is., yesterday died of heart-dixenso, and a Coro- uer’s inquest developed evidence showing that his father, sister, and brother had proviously died from tho same caure. It ix poasiblo t that, during the businens-lifo of .tho deceased, 8 judicious advertinemont of tho hereditary malady lurking in his organis; 2 would havo greatly swelled his popninrity ¢ md onstom, Gen. Srunava has hud n spi cited contost wilh the Noz Perces in the Yellowstono region, with tho result of inflivsting a wevero Hl drubbing upon the retreating uavages. A} vigorous pursnit of two daya was rewarded Ly an opportunity to give Josz ru a. taste of red-hot warfare, and the captuise of several hundred hones and tho killir g of a largo | number of Indinus, after @ who lo day's fight. | ing m which the Crows did good ‘servico, are set down to Srences' credi’ . 5 ——— Russia has now settled dot m to the con- | viction that the war is note, threo-months’ affair, and is making prepara! Jong to quarter herarmiesin Bulgariaduring t' 20 winter. Gen. Topiepen, of Sebustopol fan 10, haa Leon di- rected to furnish plats for t ho fortification of tho winter camps at M: itchin, Hirsova, istova, and Nikopolis, tho 4 vurposo boing te ronder the latter place imy reguable and to hold it even though the Ru: wiang should be driven from every other por ition, Yesterday was a fino day f or grain recolpta. ‘The inspection departmen ¢ reported 1,450 cor-loads, including G19 Ic ads of wheat, 541 of corn, 151 of oats, G4 of 1 ye, and B6 of bar. ley. In addition to the above, tho canal Drought in 61,500 bushels of corn and 8,090 Lushels of outs, All this foots up a total of 652,500 bushels of yrain r eosived in Chicago inouvday, ‘The farmer ¢ aro acting on Tux ‘Tuspunt's adviow to send in their grain when tho price cffered is sa tisfiuctory.” Wheat commands a good price, mid is therefore comiug in freely, The effect of tho now crop ou the wholesale br glues s of this city ia oxczllent, = = ea It is o matter of ¢ curse that Collector Auruca and Naval O flcer Connznn should oppone the sweeping reforms in tho Now York Cuxtom-Howse recommunded by tho day Coaruinion, On 9 effect of tho chaugss Proposed would be to Geprive these olfivials Cf iii of the palro: ange hitherto used sole- ly for political pur poses, and this is where the shoe pinches. © their Topresentations to Beer yery Sutuman will probably be taken with™ oe proper wo Cowance, and the couclue sivus of the Com’ mission, based upon the ‘estimony of merch put and importers whoso business interests - sau bost bo sorved by the slimiustion of p jtities from the customs service, yiven the weight to which they are jnstly entitled, Ee — ‘The dedication: of a monument to fallen bruves in the C évil War wos yesterday the oecusion of @ general holiday in Boston, where @ proces gion said to number 40,000 people passed through the streets, ard an Sotublage <(stimated at 100,000 souls gathered at “ight on the Common. ‘Swo en y-dit mppointed soldiers in the late conilict, Ginx McCreneax and Hooxgs, wery tho recipients of @ lign’s share of attention from tnft-hunters and admirers during the day, and in tho evening, Gen. Hooren held n reception at Faneuil Hall, at which he taid_ baro his woes before the veterans who fonght under him, and presnmably mentioned the first lotters in tho names of sovernl of those who have penned memoirs and printed roviows damn- ing him with faint praise, and ossenting to the claims of his friends with civil and mili- tary leer, A fellow in St. Paut having considerable political influence yesteriiay amused bimsclf by pounding the Judge of the Municipal Court during a regular session. Notwith- standing the presence of six policemen, nothing was done, and the irate and pugna- cious assailant was about to repent his pre. vions performance when n seventh star entered to fill out tho Pleinides of dough- faces, and tho offender was politely coaxed into tho atreot. It ia raid that the imprison. tacnt of this pot-house pasha was impractic- able, owing to the injurious influence which he wonld exert on the fortunes of the princi- pal officcholders of St. Paul, from which itin to be. inferred that the adminiatration of affairs In that city has been let to the lowest bidders without reservo, and that o very great bargain has been secured. The Southern members of Congresa who havo arrived at Washington aro represented to be intensely interested in procuring legis- lation for the material bencfit of tho South. ern States, and to oponly declare that they prefer the South to the Democratic party. It is likely, therefore, that they will claim tho Spenker as belonging to thom. This means, of course, that thoy will not take 5 Northern Demoorat for Speaker unless tio bo committed to the support of their particular ineasures, Theso mensures ore large ones: 1, The subsidy of the Texas Pacific Ruilway Company, which includes tho subsidy to purchaso varions railways connecting with the Texas Pacific Railway proper.’ 2. An appropriation for leveciug the Mississippi River. These are large and expensive jobs. Tho subsidy to tho Pacific Railway will cost many millions of dollars nnnually for forty years, and oventually tho payment of tho principal, Tho lovecing of tho Mississippi River will sink $200,000,000 and as much moro as may be put in it, Both of these jobs are to be paid for by taxation upon tho people of tho Northern States, Tho South. ern members domand that tho Democratic party shall yoto these grants to tho South orthey will abandon the party, Thatis the iysno—the taxation of tho North to distribute thoney in tho Southern States the recoption of our Republican President by\ the Democrats of Louisville yesterday wadas cordial and hearty as conld be imay- ine It is a purely Demoerntio offair, aud tho Republicans, too farin tho minority to have attempted the demonstration on a sealo so olaburato, aro quiet but not disinterested spectators of the magnificent hospitality ex. tonded by their whole-souled oppoucnts to tho President not of their choosing. Woth- ing Js too yood for him,—not even the olt Bourbon whick. passed safely through Mor. gan’s raids, avd which has never known what it waa tobe vithor taxed or watered, + Nowhere in tho journcyings of the Prosiden. tial party has their recoption been so enthn. ninstio or thelr welcome so unbounded as in tis stronghold af the enemy, ‘Tho Lody- guard of 100 ex-Confederato soldiers which vscorted tho President through tho stroats } vied with the veteruns of Dayton and Mari- etta and the regimental comrades of the ‘Twenty-third in the mauifestation of genuiny yespect for the officannd regard for the man, and all Louisville and o largo portion of Kentucky seom to havo been actuated by the common purpoxo of showiug their appro. cintion and approval of the policy that has made their guest, in foct oa in name, tho Prosident of tho whole country. ‘Lhe dispatches tell for themsclves of the goneral happiness and good feclingthad havo utarked the inception of the Sonthern tonr, and from tho preparations made and the invitations exlonded from other cities along the ronto it isevident that similarly pleasant expori- ences are in store for the party, THE RUES(AN DEFEATS. ‘Tho news from Enrope growa constantly moro ominous for the Russian causa, Tne stead of speculating now whothor they will spond Christmas in Constantinople, thore is reason to doubt whether thoy will bo able to wpend it in Bulgaria with comfort or profit, It ia obvions that the cainpaign has beon badly mannged ever since tho crossing of the Danube. ‘The caso with which that crossing was mado Inspired tho Russians with a false and foolish confidence In thelr own prowess, ‘They proposed to carry all things before them: with o hurral, Govrga’s brilliant cavelry raid across tho Julkaua encournged them still further td Dolieve that they would moet with no resistance, Toy begau to draw up terins for tho capltulation of the ‘Turks while they should still have been pre: paring measures lo secure that capitulation. ‘They*despiscd and underrated their enemies, A fow weeks have put a very difcrent complexion on offaira, Tho first battle of Ployna has been followed by others almost as disastrous, in which the ‘Turks have shown a dogged resistance-powor they were nover before supposed to pousess, The force in the Schipka Poss has been slit up, and Is now, in consequence of tho capluro of Fort Nicholas, threatened with capture or annihila- tion. ‘Kho arty of the Czarowitch has been driven back by Meururr Aut, and the forco in the Dobrudscha has hopelessly Doundored, in tho mornsses, without adding ono whit to the Russian caus, ‘Tho situation will be. come uot merely discuurnging but threatens ing if, o# tho latest roparts indicate, Suet MAN Pasha has effected o junction with Me ueuer Att, Tho combined armica of these Generals could casily crush the Czarowltch and imperil the safcty of the Grand Duke, ‘The Huaslons uo louger desplio thoir ene- ties, and, though their disciplino has been severe, thoy aro now ino fitter fruime of mind to win real victorics than thoy were in whon they first crossed the Danube, ‘They have learned that tho battle is not to tho strong alouc, ‘The invader alwoys fights un. der a disadvantage. He contends with wen who havo overything to lose, and’ who will defond thele country and religion with des- peration, Besides, the ‘Turks have had thu advantage of oduwirable fortifications, and havo shown skill as well aa valor in defend. ing intrenchments. If the Russians canuos take Plevna, which was harnlly con. sidered a fortification at all, what will they be able to do in tho case of Shumla, which such on authority as Vox Moxtxx pronounced all but impreguablo? iA fow doys will decide the campaigu one woy or the other. If the Mussiaus can ine duce their antagonists to assume the offen. sive, or to coms into the open field, it may be that tha fortunes of war will yet be rotrivved, Mcanwhile, all humane people wall read with vain the stories of the dreadful losses on both sider. Never were soldiers sacrificed more wantonly. Sxonevorr alone reports a toss of 6,000 men in attacking and holding the redoubt, and itis probable the total Russian losa will approximate 15,000, ‘The Turks have suffered in like proportion. On all neconits, it is to be hoped that a de- cixivo battle may soon bring the campaign to an end, and rpare rome of the liver which are now being so recklessly and necdlosaly thrown away. THE FOUR-YEARS' TENURE IN THE CIVIL SERVICE. We havo already expressed the opinion that it may be ultimately beneficial to the conntry if tho issue of Civil-Servico reform shall become n fenturo of the debates at the next sossion of Congress, and thitsbe brought squarely before the people. 1t will afford at tho presont time n pretty dair classification of the public nen of the day, and onable tho people to determine which ones may be counted on to sustain the efforts of the Presi- dent, and which of them will insist upon sustaining tho spoils system. The Valion thinks that this issue may be brought before the Senate by the removal of tho Collector and Naval Officer of New York, who ara reprosontatiyo officcholders believing in the system founded by Anprew Jacgsox, A moro direct way, however, would be to move the repeal of the law which limits tho term of tonure in office to four years from the date of the commission, ‘Thera can be no permanency in the Civil Servico 1s long os this law remains on the statute-books. Its very existonco is a recognition of the spoils system. ‘Tho term fixed corresponds with the Prosidont’s term, ond seems to contemplate tho conferring upon avery incumbent of the Presidential chair the privilege of filling the offices of the country with mon of his own solcction, It is left tothe President arbitrarily to doter- mine whether he will rotain the persous ap- pointed by his prodacessor or fill their placos with new mon. This law necessarily makes the Govornment patronago oither a personal ora partisan perquisite. The growing cus- tom of forty years has givon it the charactor of party spoils, but any Prosittont may, ot will, use it for personal purposes, as Presi- dent Haves’ predecossor did to a largo cx- tent. But, in either case, the necessary ro- nowal of commissions once ovory four yonrs implies the thoory of rotation in office, which is the very opposite of the principle of pormanency in tho Civil Service. Indeed, Joun Quincr <Av- ama ogoys in his diary that the passage of this Inw was procured by Mr. Cnawronp, who was Secretary of tho Troas- ury under Mosnoz and a candidate for Prestdont in 1824, and Apass adds that ho contrived tho Hmitation ‘*so that almost all the commfasions would expiro at the time when Crawronp expected to como in ns President." ‘fhough Cnawronp was disap- poiuted in the personal use which ho expect- ud tobe able to make of the Inw, its por- nicious influence has been felt ever since in giving legal ssuction to the wholesale changa of the Government sorvices nt’ lvaxt onco in four years, and as often as there is an op- portunity for a change in the ruling party. A proposition to repeal this Inw would bring tho merits of tho Civil Servico before Congress, and prepare tho way for its dts. etsion in all its aspects. Republicans and. Democrats alike could take a position withont erence to their parly divisions, for both partles are committed by their platforms, promises, and public utterances in favor of reforming the Civil Service. If objection ahould como from the Democrats that it would give Republicans on advantage, inas- inch as tho’ oMlecholders would be pretty amch all Repnblicans at tho time tha feature of permanent tenure dnring good behavior would gointo effoct, such nn objection would merely show the jusincerity of their pro- ‘essed devotion to Civil-Servico roform, It could be answered, too, by citing the Prosl- dent's order forbidding ~fMilccholdera to tako an nctive part in the running of campaigns; for, if officcholdors ara to keep their hands off party politics, thon it is no longer go im. portant whether they aro Domocrats or Re. publicans, and tho Democratic party will tulo the same chanco as the Republican party of obtaining control in the future, which will carry with it the priv. itege, of filllug tho vacancies made by death, resignation, and removal for canso, ‘Thoso who object to Preshlent Hays’ re- movals now, which ho has conceived to bo neoesaary In ordor to got rid of the machine men orto secure tho services of those ho knows to bo in sympathy with his roform mensures, may also establish thelr own con- sistency by supporting the repeal of the four-yoara’ law, og such repeal would be tho precedent for 9 return to the original prac- tice of the. Government, viz.: No removals at any timo except for cnuso, After tho repeal of tho prosent lMmitation upon tho term of officors of the Civil Service, there would remain the power of the Presl- dent to suspend and appoint, Bat this power would almost certainly bo exercised with great discretion and caution under the established custom of pormenent tenure dnr- Ing good behavior, President Hares will do much to cstabllsh couch a custom in tho precedent ho will sot- during his term, ond gthe forca of public opinion will restrain his successor from a return totho spoils system, That syatem Js of comparatively recent growth, a8 we have recently oxploined. During the first forty yoars of tho Govornmont thero had been only seventy-seven removals from office, while Jacuson, during the four years of his firet term, removed ond appointed 2,000 officials, ‘The doparturo was sudden and radical under Jacuson, nnd received o quasi-logat sanction from the four-yeara’ law. Ino speoch mado by Daren Wensten in 1832, which is quoted ina recent arliclo in Iurper's Weekly, he pointed out that the power of removal was originally grauted to the President ouly to bo used in causes of ab- solute necessity, aud that it was so under. stood and employed up to the time of Jack. son's inquguration, In order to make this clear, Wensten said : ‘Threa or four instances of removal occurred In the frat twelve yearsuf the Government. At tho. commencement of Mr. Jzrrensoy'y Adwinletration he made several others, not without producing: Much dinsatisfactlon; so much so thet he thought it expedient to give reasons to the people in a pube Me paper fo even the limited extent to which ho bad exerclied the power, Me placed his justitiess ton on particulur chicumstances and peculiar grounds, which, whether substantial vr not, shows ed at least that be did not regard tao power of rue moval as on ordinary power, still lesson mere arbitrary ous, to bu uscd as be plcased, for whatever ends hy pleased. aud without reapensiblilty, As farusL remember, sir, after the carly part of Mr. dzrrensos's Adwlolatrativn, hardly an iustance occurred fornear thirty years. If there wereanytn- stances, they were few. But st the communcs- ment of the prescat Adiwluistration (Gon. Jack son's} the precedent of thes previous casca was avized on, sada sys/em, & regular plaa of gorerns went, & well-considvred scheme forthe wulnte: nauce of party power by the patronage of office, this patronage tu ve created by general removul, wes adopted, aod has been carried into full opera. ton, Lndeed before Gen. Jackson's insugumtiva the party put the aystem Into practice. tn the Inat. session of Mr, Apaus’ Administration the friends of Gen, Jackson constituted a majority in tho Senate, and nominations made by him to fill vacances which had occurred in tho ordinary way were postponed by thie majority beyond the 3d of March, for the purpose, openty arowed, of airing the nominations to Gen, dacnsux. A nomination fora duilge of the Supremo Conrt and many others of less maguitude were thus diepored of, Since Jacrsoy’s time the viciona system which he inangnrated has been recognized in the practices of the ruling party, which. over it was; and no sensible person doubts fora moment that, if the Democrats had succoeded in the late election, there would have heen a clean sweep of the 80,000 offico- holders of tho conntry, without reference to thoir eficioncy or the public welfare, to inake room for so many famishing Demo- erata, Lut the prosperous political condi- tion of the coputry during the forty years preceding Jackson's Administration shows that tho spoils aystem is by uo means neces- sary to party dominion, while its demon- strated vices demand a return to the original practices,- ‘The first atep in this direction will be to repeal tho present limitation on commissions, THE SILVER BOLLAR, Atono of tho night sessions of the Bank- ers’ Convention in New York last woek, Mr. ‘Moas, n banker from Ohio, offered a resolu. tion deolaring that, if silver{s to bo ro- monetized, tho coins should be made of such woight as to ronder thom interchangenble with gold coins of the same denomination, and the meeting adopted tho resolution. Wo shall assume that tho Convention did not undorstand or tako in tho full benring of the resolution. ‘The United States havo had sevoral adjustments of tho weight of tho coins. Tho only coin that has undergone no change inthe woight of puro metal is the old silver dollar, The dollur of 371} grains of pure silver had long preceded the American Union. It wastho familiar coin from tho carlicat Colonial days, and it was but natural that in establishing a system of nationnl coin- ago this silver dollnr should be porpetuated. The old Spanish dollar, go long the standard monoy of tho continent, was therefore porpetunted in the first American Coinage act, and ramain- ed the unit of values of tho Amori- enn coinnge until surroptitiously abol- ishod in 1873. ‘Tho woight of puro silvor in this dollar was nover changed. When it was attompted to make tho wolghts of the gold and silver coins conform, the change waa mado in tho gold coin; the latter was ro- ducod in weight and value, and, boing the in- ferior and cheapor coin, becamo for thut rea- son the ono in general use. When the silver dollar was nbolishod, it was worth 103 in gold. At that timo silver was worth 61 pence por ounce in London, Silver declined to 58 pence, then to 45 pence, and eventually sunk to 47 pence per ounce. Tho causes for this have fraquontly been explained. Silvor as coin lost no part of its purchasing power whon it was tho com of tho conutry, except intho parchase of gold, ‘Chere waa an unu- suslamount of gold dumanded by Germany, and Germany had only silver to offer in exchange, sud thero was a disturbance of tho relative valucs of tho two metals, Sil- ver has since then rocovered to some extent, and is ubw selling in London at ot} ponco per ounce. Tho German Government in stillin the markot trying to buy gold for silver. And while this demand for gold in exchange for silvor continucs, the price of the two metala will romain bolow tho ordi. nary relativo rates, Tho silver alroady sold by Germany hns found its way to Indio, na will the silver yot to bo sold by that Govern. ment. Then itis probablo the two motals will resume thoir old relative values, o result which will bo largely hastened by the remon- otization of silvor in this country, thereby creating a new and largo demand for that ictal, Tho absurdity of the tesolution proposed by the Ohio banker becomes apparont when these changes in tho value of tho two motals ara considered. Iftho weight of the silver coin should bo changed to meet the fluatun- tions in the rolative values of gold and silver, we would soon have a mout varied currency. Whon silver ronches 61 pence per ounes, the old dollar of 271} grains of silver would havo to bo reducod; and thon every timo that silver falls, or rises from 50 penco to G1 pence por ounco, the weight of silver in the dollar will have to bo changed, As these changes frequently take placo as often -as four times o week, wo will have dollars issued on Monday woighing tnoro than thoge Issued on the pre. vious Saturday, and on Tuesday and Wodnes- day the dollars would have ‘to be conalder. nbly reduced. In-tho counio of a month the wuint would turn out, dollars having o dozen or moro differont weights, and each ixyued according to tho quotations of silver on tho day beforo in London, The United States bogan tha Jusinoss of colnage by making the ailvor dollar the unit of valuc, Whatever changes have become necessary, Locauso of the riso or fall of ono or the other motal, have boon made Jn tho gold coin. ‘That haa been reduced to make it circulate at home, ‘'Thero is no change now necessary, ‘Tho prosent variutiqn iu tho relative valuo of the metals will be thmpomry; it is so tem. porary that tho remonetization of silver by the United States would open a market for the wholo production of our own mines, and atonco increnso the valuo of silver in all parts of the world. If there should be a por muuent chango Iu the proportionate values ‘ofthe metals, the changos, if avy, sould bo made in the gold coins. Lotus adhere to the ailver dollar, : 5, ‘The rovelations of the way in which the Custom-Honso at Philadelphia hay beou oftivered show how sadly tho Civil Servico had degenorated into a mere asylum for political loafers, Men residing in all parts of Ponnsylvanis and oditurs of country nowspapers have been put on the pay-rolly aud pensioned at the public cast, None of these men rendered any servica, Ono of them holding a high-priced oMice candidly states that whon pppointed he attended regularly at the offic, but bad nothing to do, his doputy performing all the work re. quired to be dono; that the subordinates frankly told him that there was no uso of his coming to the office; that none of his pre- decoasors over did ; and theroforo, after that, he did not waste his time by golng to the Castom-House, Ono of the officers of the Custors-I! use carried on 9 butcher-shop in Philudelphia. Editors, clothiers, draggists, aud persons engaged in various private em. ploymonts, were all eurolled on the pay list, ‘These men performed no service. They wero tho dopendents of Congressmen sod other politicians; they were active members of political committees; they always turned up with the right kind of delegates on con- vention-day; they alwoys nominated tho right men for office, and they draw pay from the Castom-House for this business. It is due to the Philadelphia Custom. Mouse to say that there was no bribery. or tenting proved. Tho abuso was in having twice too many persons einployed at Inrgo salaries, ono-hnlf of whom performed no duty, was oxpected to perform nono, and, in fact, thero was nothing for them todo. In other Custom-Houses this abnse was necom- paniod by wholesale bribery, blackmailing, and stenting, In New Orleans tho netual stealing from packages of imported goods had become scandatonsly onormous, aud had grown into one of the recognized nsnges of tho office. Now comes tho application of the remedy, All thesa mon removed from office, nud the politicians whose dopendents thoy wore, will become fiercely disgnsted with the President's Soutliorn policy. They will insist that tho troops should not have beon withdrawn from the South, and that Pacxanp avd Crampeniatn should have been maintained tn office. Thoy will all Lo “stal- wart" friends of Mr. Braine, and of all others who will make war upon tho Presi- dent because of his Sonthern policy, The complaint that the Presidont tins done nothing in the way of Civil-Service reform comes mainly from that class of persons who are opposed to such reform, aud tho threat of opposition to his Southern policy is a menace to detor him from any attempt to re- form the Civil Service. Tho President is almost powerless. Even he cannot remove the Collectors of Customs at New York, Philadelphia, and Now. Orlenns; the most he can do is to ask them to rosign, and if they rofusa he can only suspend them, and their frionda in Congress, aud the frionds of tha whole machine system of politics, and tho frionds of the prosont’ corrupt Civil Sorvice, are prepared to mnke war upon tho Presi- dont for withdrawing tho troops from tho South, The Prosident’s powor in roform- ing, the service is limited. ‘There is on absenco of all Inw on tho subject. ‘The practice, which has heretoforo had the forco of Jaw, hos Leon to leavo the Civil Service in tho hands of tho mombers of Congress, as well ns to the nuin- ber of officora and their salarios as to who should be removed and who appointed. Ono great neasure of roform is the abolition of a Inrge number of useless offices and tho ro- duction, of snlaries of others, Tho, Presi- dent cannot abolish offices, nor can ho ro- duco salaries, ‘This ho will have to ok au- thority to do from Congress, and uatil that authority is givon there cau be but a partial aud iuporfect reorganization of tho public service, Tho disclosures of tho Now York and Philadelphia Custom-Houses show how needed is the genoral reorganization, and yet it is an open quostion whothor Congress will co-oporate with the Prosident in his offorts to re-establish tho Civil Service on an honest and economical basis. CHESTER AND THE NEW PENITENTIARY, We are informed that the Governor, Auditor, and Altorney-Genoral will announce their decision to-morrow in regard to tho location of tho Southern Penitentiary, and will then cither accept or roject the proposed site at Chester. In the light of further in- formation which has come to us in regard to the proposed site, wo do not think it possi- Die that thoy can confirm tho seloction of tho Commissioners after a personal inspoction of the ground. ‘Tho land selected runs back from the river ou a rising plane which reaches a height of 180 feet, ond is irregu. lnrly cut by a nimber of guiches,, In order to obtains prison-yard, inclosing buildings, of 800 fect squaro (which is the sizo of tho Joliet grounds), it ia proposed to grade by cutting from tho olovation at o given point and filling in the gulohes with tho dirt, To tnke. this land at a proper distance from the river and grado tho desired space will require tha cut- ting and filling of from 300,000 to 600,000 yards of dirt, aud will cost all tho way from $30,000 to $100,000, according to the prica paid for tho work ond the actual amount dono; this work probably cannot be done for less than 10 conts a yard and may cost as much ag 20 conts, ‘This oxpenditnro will have to be incurred before tha foundation is lnid, and itis safo to say that it will cost fully o4 much as it would to raise the ground at East Bt. Louls above high-water mark, though that waa tho causo (aud a safllciont ono) for the rejection of that site, In tho second place, tho undeveloped quar ry of sandstone is located some four or five miles away from the sito of the Ponitentiary, The quality of this stono hay not yet boon tosted, but it is pretty cortain that it will not serve for tha intorior walla, Thon it is pro- posed tobuild a railrond to reach tho quar ries, but tiot to give tho rnilrond to the State, so that tho cost of transporting tho stono would probably be as largo as if it were brought from Alton or Giraftou, Wo are also informed that tho timbor has Jargely been cleared off, uo that it would have to bo brought a long distance, To thenext place, tho Southern Penlten- tiory should no more bo located at Chester than a private matufacturing ostablishmont should bo located there. A penituutiary ia inacortain sonso 9 manufacturing institu- tion, ‘There is convict Inbor to hiro and the product of convict labor to soll; and the ro. motenoss and inaceeasilility of Cheater will dupreciate both as compared with what could be routizod at ppoint nearcr and in wore direct counection with 4 good market. It must bo a mistake to ossumo that the Egyptians havo avy interost in securing the location at Chester, avy moro than they had in Grand ‘Towor, for both places are re. mote from tho largest cilies and ceutres of Southern Illinois, lying, us they do, away off at one side, ? ‘Tho fact is becoming more apparant, too, that Chostor is urged to sult private inter- esta, Wo now hear it btated that Mr, Jacon Bunn is tho owner of about 900 acres, instead of 500 ‘acres, at Chester, including the pro- posed ito of tho Penitontiary, We also hear of a achemo to make a combination be- tween the bankrupt railrond runing between Cheater and Tamarea, and what is known asthe Calro Short-Line, which crosses the former road at Pinckneyville, Tho purpose 1s ta get a sort of monopoly for transporting prisbners and supplies, and syueezo the State after it bas been well counnitted into the hands of the schemers. Wo aro informed that several of the stockholders of the Cairo Short-Line are now bringing a tremendous Pressure to bear to sccure the approval of Chester with this ond in view, ‘fur Tawoye has no dosire to dictate the location of the Southora Ponitentuary, nor auy reason to prefur one place over another, except that common to all taxpayers of the State, and this is the only interest that should influence the Governor, Auditor, and Attorney-General in determining the matter. finally. It is apparont that there is ag much reason for rejecting Chester as thoro was for rejecting Grind Tower. It is apparent that the cost of building ot Chester will bo enormously in excoss of ‘the cost wheru the stoue-quarrics form o part of the land. purchase, and uty point whero supplies can be more readily and cheaply obtained. It is apparent that the Penitentiary will not bo self-sustaining after its construction at Ches- ter, because it will bo ro remote from the principal markets for ita Inbor and products, Tt is apparent that it will be dificult and costly of access from tha grent bulk of the southern district which furnishes the prisoners. And, finally, wo firmly believe that, after spending perhaps a million of dollara_ on ‘gy prison at Chester for which $200,000 have Leon appropriated, the Peni- tontinry will be abandoned in time, because its location will make it n nerious charge upon the State,—all 6f which can be avoided now by a refusal to sanction the location at Chester, STANLEY'S EXPLOITS. The news from Stantey must bo takon with caution. His reportorial habits nro 50 inveterate that hoe is often tempted, we fenr, to make out a good story even if the truth should anffer in the operation, As n corre. spondent of the Jerald he is not only ex- pected but required to find marvels. He was sont to Africa at great expense for that express purpose. His own intrepid be- havior, the flights of poisoned. arrows, the thirty-two pitched battles, the entaracts, tho cannibals, and thd forests may well be a lit- fle exnggerntod in lis uarrative. Manco Potro himself hardly told bigger stories than Stantex; “Tho mon whose heads do grow beneath their shoulders” woro not moro unique speciinens than those described by him ; while his own valor and his chanming way of boasting of it cau only find n parallel in Bostpastes Funrogo or tho greasy Knight of Cheapside. It isa pity Sraxcey has not exhibited the prudence and modesty of his prodecessors in the field of African exploration, for he has achieved moro than any of them, and has onrned tho right to be respected as an advon- tnrous nod brave man. He has traveled across the continent through a land. never before visited by n white man. By personal observation ha has established a fact which before was only surmised, namely: that the iver Congo and the Rivor Tualnba are ono. He has thus completed a survey of the in- torior of Africa such og no other explorer has beon able to mnke, and has rendered a serv- ice to scionce as signal as itis unusual, Tho Congo was, indeed, the only river whose source remained unknown, sinco the Niger aud the Nilo have been pretty thoroughly traced down, Whether the Nilo is connected with Lake Tanganyika or not, it seoms to bo tolerably certain that the Congo is not, and there is no evidence of connection betweon tho two rivers, ag indeed thore was little ren- son to supposo there would be. Srantey found that the River Lukuga, or Luvube, which Oastenos ond others imagined was an aiiuent of the Lanji chain of lakes, was in effect only n creck, In times of overflow, howover, it may bo that the supposed com. munication actually does tako placo by it, be- tween Tanganyika and tho smallor lakos west of it. Sranzer struck tho Lualaba at Nyangwe, where Castznzon left it, ‘Ehonco ho hada journoy of probably moro than 1,000 miles, being borne nlong on the waters of a mighty river flowing through o wild aud dosolate country. ‘Tho Congo at its mouth 1s 1,000 foet wide, and discharges, it is estimated, 2,000,- 000 cubic foct of wator per second. With its afllucnts it constitutes a system os mag. nificont aa any wo know of. It drains a vast country on both sides of tho cquator; ity course is more northerly than Camenon supposed. ‘Tha journey occupied mno months. In that timo there were no doubt insny hazardous adventuros and not a little peril; aud, putting asido the embellishmenta which the explorer has added, the story is cortainly a thrilling ono, no lesa a credit to tho American race than it is to tho honor of tho /eradd ond Mr. Sranuey, —_—_— Twaup says In his confession that ho dld not have to pay so much cash to the Democratle Scnators as tothe Mepublican ones, Tho late ter wero Iigh-priced fellows, and would re- ceive nothlug except greenbacks planked right down, They all held thelr votes at the samo value; they asked $50,000, but egmprotnised at $410,000 for cach nau who sold himactf. As re~ marked, the Democruts took theirs partly In vash aud partly fu “store-pay.”” Tweep ex- plulng, in the following frauk and lucid manner, Jn fact with what mlytt bo safely called charm- ing nalveles Q.—Were there the only Senatora which 798 nad dealings with regardiny this mutter? A.—L bought suiiy of the others alsu, : Q. How? A.--ly giving them places, Q.—Tell what Democrats you bought, and with whut placus? A,—L cannot fell tat. J gol them appmntments where they drew montaly auluries without doing any work. --I want to know what other wnemnbers of the Senate you bought? Av pluces to Senator Fnost, of the Firet Qiatrict, and places tu hie frends, Lappolnted alrty men Cor bier at $2.60 and $baday, who did no work, but whose numer were onthe pay-rall, 4.—Dint you wuree to do that If he. would vote for — Yeu, Aichann Nonton I ay te thie bili? A. Wot, gute place for lie fr. Mr. WHITNEY, which was not to be lew» than $20,000 a year, If At was lesa, 1 wav to make tap te that, Winanowt tated before, ELwoou—t think: Duan Lyave money fa, F think $15,000, Cuxauen had an are rangement With COSNOLLY, NaLnWin—{ vave s 20,000 plicu to hie partner ua a consideration, Wittiaa M. Gnanax—C gave him money all (he time. Pantxxton got only $5,000, Amount pald tu the other Democratic Senators fury gaat alee eetaal gotten, Tho general estimate of the destruction of railroad property at Pittsburg by the atrikers and Communtats puts it ut alx miliiona of dol- lars. Aw the County of Allegheny is made lu- ble for damage to private property by rots, the authorities have been juvestigating the Joss, and the Pittsburg J’oat claims that the dnal awards will nut vary far from the fotluwing: Tealtroad Company... Freight dewtroyed Elevat $1,200, 000 + 1,000, 000 ‘ 350,40 Keyeto 4 Palm Car 40,000 Private fadividual 100, G00 Total .seveee sess seen con $y BA, GOO ‘The freight destroyed belonged much of It to Western merchants, ‘The mtijlon end a half marked " Railroad Company” embraces the lo- comnotives and freight and passenger cars, How muny of the villains who 6ct fire to all this three millions of uselul property have vcen Identified and will be punishedt ont Seraue Faun rusts pane, also quote its favorile **dollar of the fathers” in the sumo way? It would then read: ** The ellver uaa te worth towlay O24 Gus cents. "—Aurora , Toguoge the fold value of a silver doltar,” When there ls no such inoney coined or circu- lated in the United States, would be perpetrat- duy a fratclass *¢ Irish bull,’ Jo the fluanciat culuinns of Tua Tripune is a dally quotation of the value of silver per ounce, which ts the only one we can make until the “dollar of the fathora” is again wiuted aud restored to circu- lation a3 o leyal-teuder coin, When that is done, we shall compare the yalue of the silver with that of the guld doll, ee Mr. Kewanee Suitu, in bis letter to Tus ‘Tutune reklug Puocion Howaxp fore and aft on account of the farm-mortgaze story, #a} Thave advocatud, with what little power J pos- scwcd, toe restoration of the grecuback sod the Temonctiziny of silver, Sod av luog sud ae for ag my vuicu shall buve any juduence with the people, Veuail continue the warfare, until thea objects Bre accomplished, ‘There is a little obscurity in this sentence, aud also come error. When Mr. Sait says that “he has advocated the restoration of the greenback,” ho in clfect atiirms that the green- back bas been abolished, which is wholly un- true. ff he bad suld that the greenback bad buen contrasted since say 166%,—nine youre acu, —wo would have agreed with him to the extent of tho facts, viz.2 six miltions. Nine years age Uhere were outstanding $255,000 in pond numbers, and there are ndw about $350,001 which is not enough of Itself to cance saucy, Alarm. If Mr. Siti menns that the Rerun: pe ton agt has abotished the greentact:, he ty, still in error, ax that act only offers to recon: them in rpecte on demand, and, unless people come forward and voluntarily exchange them for the coin, they will not be retired from cir. culation, * — ae PERSONAL, The Philadelphia 7'imes has heard of shout twenty perrons who are Aure they are yulng to be tho next Speaker of the House, Next winter tho granddanghter of Lafon, the contemporary and rival of Tafma, will make her maiden appearance at Parte, Gambetta put out ono of hin ovn yea when 8 child Ina ft of ence. Me wae placed hy. hiv parente in the keeping of some peapie tho tint iN-treated int, anid he wrote to ble father that if he did not take bim back home he would pnt ont ohe of hiscycs. No altention was palit to the childien threat, but Gambetta kept bis word ang tore out an cyc, Writing of ‘Tho Mill on tho Floss,” Mp, Swinburne rays: **The man. I shonld snppose, does not exist whoconid make for the first time the acquaintance of Mr. Stephen Great with no Anciplent senre of a twitching $0 hia fingers and a Ungling in his toeent the notion of any contact between Mogele Talliver and ncur #0 far beneath the chance of promotion lo the notice of his horse. whip, or elevation to the level of his bout," Tho Pope has loug been engaged in the preparation of the history of his Pontitente, 14 has heen in couree of dictation for.several years jo a deeutt father, who revises and preparen it for the prese, ander the inspection of the Roly Father Dimeclf, It ts already carried down to the present time, and {a even printed in several volumes, Every year a new volume te added. It with not ba published, however, til,it is completed by the death of the Pope. Mr. Barvett’s article in tho Inst number of tho Galaxy te {na measuron review of Mr. Atzer's ‘' Life of Forrest,”* with which he expreencs him. relf ae disappointed, ‘The most that may be claimed for this work," says Mr. Marrett, *49 the endeavor of the blographer to maintain. his hero upon the Nghest of hnman atandarde"* In this magazine article the writer docs not attemnt tore. view even the leading incklents in Forrest's tite, but almply ‘*to pay a tribute of reverent affection fora great man and a tost friend," “Echoos from on Old Parsonage,” in the October Aflanile, ts by the author of the famony paper on ‘The Total Depravity of Inanimate ‘Tulngs," which appeared in the A/lanticn dozen years ogo, The **Old-Fashloncidt Ghost Statice" in the eame number are hy the author of ** Life in the Backwoods of Canada." ‘1. W, Ilgginson, Thomus Gould, the eculptor, Prof. Willi Everett, Miss. Fv Woolson, 1. BE. Sender, W, D. Howells, and others, aro among tho writersin tho Cortributors' Club and dopartinent of Iecent Literature. The following rtory is told nbont Aristarch} Bey, who marricd tho daughter of & ’rnsstan Gen. eral: **The General was not blesacd with much wealth, but with many marriagenble daughter, One day tho Turkish Ambassador called upon tin, and asked If he might hope to became the General's son-in-law, * With plensure,* repticd Gen. Hon. in, delighted. ‘How many do you want?’ Arie tarch!, seeing that the General took him fora Museulman, repiled with some trepidation thaths was Christan, and wanted only unc, ‘Whats nuisance!’ grumbled tha Gencrat. * Well, take whichovor you Iikat!'" Now York: detoctives will probably go out ina body and hang themaclves for pure eplte when they hearof the grand hit made by one of their brethren in England, Not many monthe ogo, it appears, a forcign Minister in London invoked the ald of ono of the smartest Scotland-Yard dotectlres to find a young girl who bad Inherited a fortune of Aquartor of aislilion, At tho endof six weeks the detective returned and gave in his realination, “' Well,” aatd bia Chic, ** that's all riybt; bet where Is the girl?’* ** Oh, J found hers month ago in o dresemaker's shop. ** Well” ** Well, I marriod ior yesterday, and becan drawing un her quarter million to-day, that’s all.” Tho New York Hvening Poxt recalls thia story, which is told of one of the leaders of New York society, whose position tw not inherited. “When tho Russian Groud Dukes were here last spring, this lady gavo a dinner-party in thelr honor, to which tho members of the French and Engliva Legationa were bidden, During the evening Aris- larch! Bey, at present the Turkish Minister to the United Staten, was announced and shown tnto the drawing-room. The good wumnn of tho hone ad- vanced to meet him with dismay only tov evident inher countenance, "What buve I dono! thought abe, ‘Ilera are the Ruesian Princes and the ‘Turk: ish Ambassador within ten feet of cach other! Will anything unpleasant occur?’ Stranesto ray, nothing happened. These gentlemen were more than usaally polite, Tht was all." Mr. Raiph Waldo Emerson addressed, twenty years agu, o Hterary society, during Com: sinencement, at Middlebury, Vt.. ond when he ended the President called upon o clergyman to conclude the acrvice with prayer, ‘Then arose 9 Mavauchuectts minister, who stepped into the pale vit Mr, Emerson had just left and uttered 9 re tarkable prayer, of which this was one scutence: “We beseech thea, O Lord, tw deliver us from ever bearmg any more euch transcendental non- sense us we buve just Hatencd to from thls eacred. deak.” After tho benediction, Mr, Emersonasked bis next neighbor tha name of tho ofticlating cler- gyman, and, when falteringly anawered, wita gene tle simplicity remarged, ** Ho wcemed a very con actentious, plalu-spukeo inan,"'und went on his peaceful way, Yrof, Avaph Hall, of tha United States Naval Observatory at Washington, who discovered the moons of Mars, fu a native of Goshen, Conn, Ne learned the trade of @ carpenter and marieds: schuolmiatress, and !t was ashe who induced bin to study, and became btw teacher, . Hu rapidly ad- vanced, surpagsiug bis teucher, and reacted the higher branches of mathematicy, He wi teacher himvelf fora short ime, When about 5 yearsold bo obtained # position In thy Harvard College Obwervatory, snd was retained (here for weveral years as analetant, While thero he fret became known as on sstropomer by his coniribur tions to the Mathematical devtew, Soon after the Naval Obscrvatury became important ou on asiro- noinicel station in 1801 a number of [Professors of the navy were appolnted, and Mr, Moll was given a position as aeatetant. In 1803 he was promoted tobe a Professor, His position corresponds to the rank of onval Commander, lis senturs veing Ad- mairal Rodgers, Superintcadeut of the Observa- tory, and Vrofs, Collin, Yarnall, avd Newcomb, who are ranked av Captaina, Prof, Coffin will be retired on the sth inet. Prof, Huth has had charge of the large telescope wince 1875, when Hrol, News comb left {t to give his attentlun to some theoreti: cul Investigations, —— et FAIRS, Special Pspatch to The Tribune, Faxsronut, Jil. Sept. 17.—The twenty-fifth aunual State Fatr opened to-day at Taylor's Park In the suburbs, aml prutnises to be a suc cessful show, The uisplays of cattle, poultry, hortlculturat products, aud machinery are ex tensive, It fs predicted that this éxhllitioa will surpass all former efforts, ‘Che weather by cool and delightful, “Che management has dee cided not to have any races, und the prizes for eyuestrianistn will be awarded only to boys thus causing many regrotd umong the sound ladies, No yacht race will take pluce ou the Pecatonica River, as bluted. ‘Ting Tumene hea established beadquarters on the grounds ia ® comosodious tent voposite the grand stand, THE RECENT RIOTS, Paoivaverrula, Pa., Sept. 17.—Merchants ine terested tn property destroyed during the strike era’ ruts ot Pittsburg io July last met shis afteruoon, A motion accepting the propesitioa of the Pennsylvania Kuitroad of Sept. [2 wos offered, but Xie. Bateman propuscd the follow- Joy as a substitute, which wus udupted? desolced, That we otill adhere to the resolution passed at the meeting of Auz. BU. not to put Ost claiins fn the hauds of tbe railrusd company oulers they wili guarantee the recovery of thu money 108 us within two years frou the Gate of bois. Adjourned. GIVE US A REST! : Bpectat Dispatch tc suc Tribune. Bt. Pavi, Sept. 17.—Letters received here Aisrlose the fact that Hobart Pasha, second In command of the Turkish uavy, is Capt, sue thorp, tormerly of Watunwau County, iu ia State, a Britis aval olliver retired ou ball pay, Who intends to return tu jis Minnesut homestead os soun as the Rusao-Lurkisl wi Othe , }