Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, September 11, 1877, Page 4

M Cote. Poe THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: ‘TUESDAY. 1877. SEPTEMBEK 11, quires him to farnish, and it is to be regrot- tod thnt Architect Eaan has in a moment of weakness or good nature placed himaelf in tho position of an ally of the Ring. It is not too Inte to withdraw his support from the pending $50,000 job of “extras,” and regain the confidence and gratitude of the taxpayers. A dispatch raceive announced that the large amount of gold withdrawn from the Bank of England on Saturday was on necount of the German Government, and that an ndvanco in the ‘bavk ratos of discount might bo oxpecte:t. Every demand for gold for purposes of ox- portation, when of any nnasnal atnonnt, haa an effcct on tho rate of discount at the Bank of England. Germany has been for several years trying to collect gold enough to replace her silver. This demand for gold in exchango for silver has had the effect of reducing tho relative value of tho. silver. If, in addition to the wants of Germany, Mr. Secrotary Suenwan shall try to gathor between now and the day fixed for resumption tho several hundred millions of dollars.in gold ho may need for tlint purpose, he will probably dis- cover that if ha can get it nt any price ho will have lo offer somothing moro attractive thnn a 4 or 4} per cont bond. The Tribuae. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. fealty Fattion, one gear. arta ot aSrar, Per mont Matied to any Bunday Feitler uuble kheet. atarday baltior 4 Weekly, one yea “arta Of AVERT, POEM WEEKLY BDIT! ne COPY. Per year. Giver ferns Club of twenty. Specimen con ‘To prevent delay and mintaker he sure and give Port: ‘Ofice aditress in full, including Btate nnd Connty. Remiteancen may be made efther dy draft, express, Pont-Onice order, orin reeietored letters, at our rik, TERMS TO CITY SUBSCRINERS, Dally, delivered, Sunday excepted, 25 cents per week. Daily, deitvered, Sunday included, 30 conta per wack, Adilress, THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, ‘Corner Maison and Dearbora-sta.. Chicago, Il. Orders for the delivery of Tix TANCE at Evanston, Enplewno, and Iyde Park leftin the counting-rvom “alll receive prompt attention. MeVicker’n Theatre. Madison etreet, between Btate and Dearborn. En- gtgementof Edwin Roth, ‘*Hatntet.” Mesdames Don, Price, Marble, ete.s Messrs, Booth, Wheelock, Hamilton, Pearson, ete, Healey’n Thentre. Itandoiph treet. between Clark and LaSalle @ucement of Lawrence Barrett. **Othell Mes daince Cumincus, Foster,etc.; Mears, Darrott, U'Nell, Trice, ete. En Tho possibitity that the Democrats may Obtain control of the organization of tho Sonate upon the assembly of that body atthe oxtra session of Congress next month is already discussed in Washington, The ill- ners of Senator Monron, which is likely to provent his attendance at the beginning of tho sossion, will reduce the Republican mn- fority to one, and itis hinted that Sonator Srencen, of Alabama, who has fallen into the secre and ycllow leaf of his political earcer, may be delayod from attending by his mining interests in the’ Binck Hills, and the Domoerats theraby enabled by tho . TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 1877. change of but one vote to secure the organi- = zation. While it is by no means certain that ARKET SUMBAR’ this can be done, it is intoresting to note that ‘The ee oer ae ay firm | tho majority of the Democrats ore enger to yestertiar, and moderately activa, Meas pork | tnke advantage of tho opportunity, and are cloved We per bel higher, at $12.70@12.75 eas | not likoly to listen to the moro prudont and shonorabla conusels of the fow who takon Adeipht Theatres Monroe sircet, corner of Dearborn. Seouta of the Pialne," TexsaJack, Big Buckshot, Donald McKay, e “ Cotton's Opern-Hausc. Monroe atrect, between State and Dearborn. First: clasSilu. ‘The Fool uf the Family." New Chicago Thoatre, Clark atreet, opposite Sherman Mouse, Haverly's Minatrela Messrs, Add Ky nian, Bitty Carter, Moran, ofc Exposition Building. wpostte Adame etrect, ay and evening, Michtran Tutere Beate Ind and $12,724) for October, Lant closod 124 @12¢ per 100 Ibs hiuber, at $8.05 cash or seller Octor be: . Meats were etronger, nt Sise for loora shaul- | broader viow of the caso, and porcelvo that dera nnd Tye for do short Lake freizhts were | tho party wonld be more damaged than ben- Grin, at ie tor corn to 2 Mighwines were | ofited by a resort to disroputable mensnros eteady, ypergalion, Flour was in fairde- of tho kind required in order to accomplish mandand ira, Waeatclored Ye higher, ut $1,054 tho result songht, for September and 2.014 for October, Corn cloted {jc higher, at 4oXc for September and43tie foc Uctober, Oats closed We higher, at 244c cash aid 24490 for October, Itye clowedl 2e higher, at Bic, Barley closed tame, at GOlge cash and O%¢ for October, Moga wero active and S@Lic higher, clown tru, at $4,003,560. Cattle were in brisk ceimand aml were steady, Sheep were rcurce and noininal. One hnndreil dollars in gold would buy $103, 3744 In greenbacis at the close. Greenbacks at the New York Stock Ex- chango yesterday closed at 163@06}. ° The Springfeld (TL) Segiater has gono into the novel business of defending cortain Ropublican politicians who have been called upon to rise nud explain. With its Bourbon autecedents nud Democratic affliationa, thin is rather suspicious business, and iy apt to do those Republican politicians whom it favors more harm than good. Ex-Gov. Drventooz is zealously championed in con- nection with the revelation concarning his commutation on the last day of lis term of Gneexwoon's sontenco, to tako effect soveral montha after; but since that exposure it bas been found that ex-Gov, Brvzninoe improved the closing days of his Adininistration to commmnto the sentences of soveuteen con- yiets sont to the Ponitentiary for murder. If the Zeyister has become Jiis npologist, will it please explain what induced bim to go intothis wholosalo commutation business just beforo going out of offfca? Jaze Bunw also finds favor with tho Jtegister, nnd obtaing an clongated eulogy anent tho suspicion that ho lias boon the prima movor in securing the lo- cation of tho Southern Penitontiary at Ghes- ter; aud this, in tho face of the fact that tho Register i constrained to admit said location to bo highly injudicious, It noithor donics that Jaxe Dosw is the owner of n largo tract of land at Chester, nor does it affirm that ho lina not used his influence to secure tho choice of asito at that point; but it simply defends Mr, Busy on generat principles, Wo should think both DBrvermoz and Boxn would sock to suppress the praise of the Register os calculated to injure rathor than benefit thom. Tho vote was very light, compared with those of provious years, and the majority of Gov. Coxsor iy estimated at about 6,000, Tho Legislature is strongly Republican in both branche Having waited upon the Lord long enough to fixup the alste, the Mormon Apostles have chosen Joun Tayton os President of the Twelve and successor of Dntauas Youna, to bo assisted by o son of tho dead Prophet, Daxren H. Wexts, and Congress- Neither did thoy omit to fig- at the Inst day is somowhero near, and thus stir up¢tho brethren to increased faithfnlness in the important mattors of tem- plo-building and tithe-paying. A resolution has beon referred to tho Judiciary Commnittoe of the Council direct- ing that Committee to examino. into tho iNegal and unjust discrimination against Chiengo in charges aud conditions of ship- ment for grain from points in Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Iowa to this city. It has beon claimed that tho rond permits tho abipment of corenls in bulk to Milwankeo, whilo to Chicago it must bo shipped in bags. This discriptnation militates seriously ayainst our local groin trade, and the qnestion is, Can tho Council do anything about it? It is worthy of note that wheat in this mar- ket now commands half a cont por bushel mora than Milwaukes. This is an oxcoptional oo- currence under an inspection system which has been calculated to give competing, grain murkets an advantage, and it shows that Chi- engo's natural advantages oro’ sofficiont to overcome even acortnin nmount of artifictet restraint. It isalso a positive indication that tho grain coming to this market this year is in evory way as good as that which goca to Milwaukeo ; and this will bo true of tho cn- tiro season, 14 tho crop has boon uniform in quality all over the country, Tho rather questionable transactions which at times accompanied tho legislation of Con- grees during a portion of Gen. Gnant’s Ad- niinistration were duo to somo extent to the largo majority of the Republican party, and to tho character of some of the men thrown to tho. surface by the political revolution which attended the War, ‘These men were wellknown to the country, but so long as tho political issuos wore confined to those of tho War, so long as at overy election the War had to be fought over ngain, so long wero tho machine politicians ablo to raaintain their pluces in Congress, aud compel the party to recognize and sustain thom, - ‘The country, howevor, has wenried of this class of politi- cinns, and oro by one, ag thoir times expire, their constituonts manage to get rid of them, An illustration is furnished by the election tu California, Lous than a year ago Califor. uis elected the Ropublican ticket, and is un- questionably moro decidedly Republican now than it was then, At tho recent eloclion tho contest was for members of the Legislature, which Logislatura was to clect a Senator of tho United States to succced Mr, Sanarnt, the present incumbent, Mr. Sancznr iva professional machinist. Uo has ruled tho Republican party in California with absoluto power. During Gon. Grant's term Sauaznt acted as a sort of viceroy in that State, Pos- sessing absolute coutrol of the party machine. ry in tho State, the Republicau party was committud to his re-cloction to thu Senate, ‘That was the only issue, A Iepublican Legislature would elect Sancen7, a Demo- cratic Legislature would not gloct Sanogwt ; aud the people of the Stato havo electod a Domocratic Legislature with thitty-five ma- jority opposed to Barozxr, ‘Thot is tho whole story of tho California election, Tho controversy betwoon Judgo Davit- wonp, of the United States Circuit Court, and the Hou, Lonenz Brentano, Represonta- tive in Congress from the Third District, bids fair to excito-attention ond interest be- youd tho immediate circlo of persons in- volved. Woprint this morning tho reply of Mr. Buenrano to the recent lotter of Judga Duussonp, from which it will be readily porccived that tho former is intensely in earnest, and that ho is not so iguorant ro- garding tho intricate provisions of the Revo. nuo law but that ho is able to mako out o prima facts caso in support of his charges against Commissionor Horxe, During the mobilization of our heroic Ilinols militia, and on the night previous to the heavy massing of troops at Eust St. Louis, the groat and wise men of war and peace at tho hohin of this Common- wealth got together at the depot of the Chicago & Alton Railrond Company, and, shortly thereafter, the Juggernaut of Btste rolled sccrotly to the big bridge acrosy the Fathor of Wators, Later, it was ascertained that, in this black and midnight passage, the car of State augustly rolled over a cow. Yesterday beheld the Governor and all his counselor, with many otber lights, both luuiinuous and shining by reflection, all ab- jectly ranged before that petty satrap of The Ashories question which bas beon pending between tho United States and Osnads fora hundred years sccems likely to roach eome sort of a settlement through the labors of the Commission appointed by tho two Governments to consider the subject. All the priviloges in question, so far os the Canadisns aro concerned, amount to abso- lutely nothing, and the picayunish spirit ex- hibited by our neighbors for tho mauy ycara i iter bas ‘been tho unbetdinglaw called Justiceof tho Peaco, | during which this ma who, glowering down securely from behind under — discjaion ara ono an thu wyis of our liberties, demanded a cow | tuo most prominont disagrecable points in Colonial politics, Every fcaturo of tho fishing question has boen disoussod over and over ogain, and tho Canadian claims in connection therowith have at last bocome #0 ridiculously absurd as to disgust some of theirown statesman. They prefora claim of $15,000,000 against the United States for privileges onjoyed by American fishermen in British waters, No trade of consequence is carried on bo}ween the fish. érmen and Canadian subjects, nor has there ever becn any exchange of commodities where the native hag not had tho best end of tho bargain, aud in many in- for a cow—hide, halr, and tallow, ‘Tho case was continued. ; Iu his management of the question of brick for the Court-House walls, Architect Euan has beun 20 unfortunate as to got be- twuen two fires—giving offense to the mem- bers of the County Board who have hitherto sustained hjm in hiv firm stand egeinst the steals sought to be porpotrated under the guiso of “extras,” and at the samo time putting into the hands of his old enemies in the Board weapons which they are using to his discredit ond injury. Something over 50,000 is involved in the proposition to } stances the fishermen havo supplied the yoto Sexzon $3 per thousand for brick which | balf-starved colonists with the necessaries azo in no respect better than hiy contract re | of life which the limited facilities ee, for trousportation in those regions fail to furnish. Tho three-mile limit which the Canadinns have so tenaciously insisted upon bonds and deposits to bent 3.65 per cont in. terost, These bonds to be issued at par, and their iraue to be continned so long as thera tho country has oxperionced tho dangers and lorses that may nriso at any time in tho ab. sence of auch protection. is substantially tho history of the Conatitn- tion.” ‘Tho framers of our Constitntion had not the ragncity to percoive how important is the most nonsonaical and unreasonable | is aG per cent or & per cent bond of the Gov- Mr. Apass suggests to Col, Scorr and | tho taxing function was, and hence part of the whole businoss, They insist that | ernmont outstanding. We estimated somo | other railrond manngers that, insterl of ap- | our Congress docs not possoss tho tho fishermen have not the right to fish in- | daya ago that tho.ngyregate of tho deposits | penting to the United States Governmont for | imperial power in this respect which sido of line drawn from two capes or head- in tho savings banks of the conntry wns por- lends, which rule, whon applied to Prince protection, they shonld adopt tho Provident sibly $1,000,000,000; tho New York Jerald has ro simplified matters in Enrope, This and Pousion ayatoma in vogue on the parmnount authority Mr. Minor judges to be Edward Island, menns that Amorican vessels | olnims that it is not lens than 91,200,000,000, | Enatern Railroad of Franco, Tho partien- | as important here in regnlnting taxes a4 tho ongagod in fishing must not ply thoir trado | while others even place it as high na 91,500,- | Inrs of thesa syatom nro ‘fally ox- | power Congress. now las of roguiating nearer to the shore, in tho centro of that | 000,000, At ether oue of theso fignros| plained in pnmphich by M. | commerco botwoon tho States, “for the feland, than fifteen miles, This whole | it ropresonts ao largo sum of money,—the | Jacqurm, tha manager of the French question of oqualizing taxation as between claim, like tho Canadinn lighthonso | reanlt of induetry, thrift, and sclftoninl, It | railrond; this pamphlet has boon recently | the States is but a question of froo trade.” dues in the Atlantic provinces, only | also represonta n large number of depositors. | published in this cgnntry, and Tur Thinuxn Tho European Governmonts can defray hows a desire to get something for fothing. The tonnage dues paid by American fishor- mon for many years for lighthonses whero there are fow or none have been an imposi- tion, which, thongh yearly submitted to, is nono tho less unjust and oxtortionato, and woutd moro than pay for all tho privileges Americans have onjoyed or will enjoy for. the next thousand years, ————$—_—_——————— ‘The averago English deposit is $85, and in France n frnction Jess, Putting tho avernge in this country at $150 for ench depositor, wehavensthe numbor of depositors any- whore from 6,500,000 to 10,000,000,—n body of people certainly ontitled to some protec- tion from the Governmont, : ‘The establishment of tho post-office ngen- ies for the reception of savings deposits, and tho issue of 3.65 per cont bonds at par to any amount not in excess of the bonded dobt of the Govornmont, would at Ionat offer to these many millions of people n means of investinent for their mouey not equaled by that furnished by the ordinary ravings in- stitntions, It would unite safoty, absolute security, and prompt conversion into monoy. In the course of ten years it is probable that avery largo proportion of the public debt would bo in tho form of these 8.65 per cont bonds, and bo held by our own peoplo, while the saving in interest to the Governmont would bo a very Iarge sum annually. has already doxcribed tho peculiarities of tho service. In brief, the plan ia to divide tho railroad omploycs into grades, advance thoir positions and pay according to efficiency and ‘term of servico, contribute. a cortain sum for temporary relief and another for a pension fund, and require the employes to contribute likowlue to tho maimtennnco of these funds. ‘Tho rystom 1 au sdimirablo one, and the railronds in Amerion that shnll adopt it will undoubtedly enjoy sreat ndvan- tages, but thore is no ronson why it should bo proposed asa mubstitute for tho national protection ngainst nssault that is asked. No railroad wilt bo provented from adopting cithor the French or the Austrian system because the Governmont may proniise that it shall not be destroyed by n mob, and that conspiracies to interfore with its operation shall be brokon down and punished. Both national protection aud a voluntary impreve- mont of the conditions of tho railway sorvieo ean go together. But ns tho railway oom- panies cannot be coorced to adopt a sysi.om of apprenticeship, . promotion, pousions, and mutual life assurance for employes, the pnb- lio may fairly olaim that commorco shall not be interrupted becanso thoy fall to adopt such n rystem, It is not tho railroads so much as the businers public that domands the direct interforenco of the National Gov- ernment whon there is n combination to sus- pond tho operation of the railronds. Mr, Avams himsolf auggeats the practicn- bility of reconrse to arbitration as 9 means of adjusting differences that ariso between railrond corporations and their employes. But recourae to arbitration will not serve to nssaro tho public protection froin a stoppage of tho railrond -traffic unless such arbitration shall have the force of law and be binding upon both partics. But what fairor tribunal can bo solected for the supervision of such arbitration than tho United States Courts, with provisions for dno notice and trial baforo a “atruck” jury? This is an ossential part of the proposud legislation for national intorforence, though Col. Scorr omitted to mention it in his ar- ticle on the strike. If the National Govern. ment nay employ its agency in supervising and assisting an ndjnstmont of differences by arbitration (which, aftor all, is the chiof fnnotion of civil courts), then may it not with equal justice and propriety interforo to protect tho commorco of the country from Inwloas assaults ? three-quarters of .thoir oxpenses from im- posts, the burdon of which is senrcoly folt by the majority of the people, Tho henvicst taxes nto placed upon articles from the uso of which mon can abstain if thoy choose, 15 in the ease of beer and tobacco. tional Government now absorbs tho .taxos from theso sources, leaving the States to derive their revenues ' from an inquisitorial and odfons system of taxation on porsonal property. ‘Tha result has beon oxcessivo taxation in nearly every instance, "The average tax per capita through all tho cities of Massachusetts, excluding Boston, THE SAVINGS BANKS. At tho Socinl Science mecting last week A papor was read by a Mr. J, P. Towssenn, of Now York, on tho subject of savings banks, He gavo on interesting statoment of their history in England and this country. Tn 1816.2 memorial asking for tho first chnr- tor granted in Mnassnchusolts for a savings bank used thts Innguage + It Is not by the alms of tho wealthy that the good of the lower clasa can be generally promoted. By such donatlona encouragement {¢ fat oftener given to {dlences and hypocrisy than aid to suffering worth. Io {s tho mont effective benefactor to the poor who encourages them In habits of industry, sobricty, and frugality. Ms ‘This was the original theory on which savings banks woro organized. In timo, however, deposits increased so Inrgely that the money was invested in all kinds of bonds and in mortgage bonds of railroads, Tho Now England banks havo now loans of $58,- 000,000 on those railroad securities,—the cause of shrinkage of oasots aud reduction of divi- denda, It was not, however, until tho goneral speenlative mania following tho War that tho expansion of savings banks took pliaco. In 1862 thoro were 74. such banka in tho State of Now York, and im 1875 they had in- croased to 1,875, In 1862 thora woro 03 in ‘Massachusetts, and in 1876 thoro wero 180. In New York City, in tho sno time, the number liad increased from 21 to 44. Of the progress of their busincss Mr, Towxsenp said : Expensive offices were hired and fitted up with ‘tho funds fret deporited; high rates of intercat were promised and pald out of tho deposits when Necessary to make yp deficiencies; oxtravagant salaries were given from the beginuing to ofliccra and clerks, particularly to the former; loans were made on unproductive as well as improved real estate for o large part of the putchase money, ond to auch on extent was this carried on, buth in Massachusetts and New York, that itis quito safa to eny that the speculative price which this clasa of property reacbod down to 1870 was largely due to the facilities offored by savings banks and the ine surance companies, In Maasachusetts these loans roxe between 1HU5 and 1874 from $15,000,000 to $121,000, 000, while the total deposits for the samo period rose from $00,000,000 to $233,000, 000, that © tax of 218 per capita oxhausts tho wholo income of the community, and mokos accumulation imporsible, unless tho romain. of tho citics thus taxed, which in 1861 amounted to only 11,009,000, in 187% amounted to 370,500,000, ‘The inflation of the currency produced ® corresponding inflation of taxation. The RECIPROCITY AGAIN. Abont the timo that 'I'tz Tamuxe noticed tho action of tho Natiounl Bonrd of Trado on tho subject of reciprocity with Canada, the London Times printed a similnr article, in which it advocated preciscly the viows advanced in these columns. ‘Tho circum- stance is valnable chiefly because it rhown that Tne Trinunz was not ill-ndvised in pre- suming that Great Britain might consent to tho Zollverein scheme. In this connection the London Times says: ‘If the Dominion and the Union could agree together on the terme on which the customs Iino shonld bo abolished, the consummation would be at- tended with many advantages to both, and wo in England should certainty not stand in tho way of it.” Tho 7'imes, howover, holds that the Canadinns will insist on extending toall the rest of the world the reductions thoy may concede to the United States, not becauso Great Britain would object to differential dutics against her, but because tho Banadians themselves nro rostrained, by sontimonts of loyalty, from imposing such dutica, i A Chicago organ of the Protection policy, moved from its recent apatizy by tho ovidont favor with which the reciprocity schome is recolved on both sides of the bordor, has ut- tered protest against it, ‘Reciprocity mone,” says this Protectionist organ, “that Canadian produco is to swarm across the bordor to supply the Eastern domand now Assessors. For instauco, the value of a rail- rond projected” at a cost of $10,000,000 in gold was inorensed to 220,000,000 for tha purposes of taxation by the paper currency, and to $10,000,000 by the rulo of taxing capital stock, which is meroly the repre- sentative of tho property. This 240,000,000 is rockoned again among the resources of the various States in which tho railroad lies or the bonds aro owned, Mr. Mixor's paper contains, it will bo ob- it stops short of a legitimate conclusion, Hfo has no definitive scheme of toxation to propose in placo of tho ono he pronounces irromediably wrong, To doas, indeed, vania system of taxation by licenses, indi- centing some fecble approval of it; but for the most part he contents himself with wringing his hands snd bewaiting tho fact that taxcs aro burdensome,—n proposition which scarcoly necded the inspiration of a sciontific association to make it genuine, ‘This is not the becoming attitude for o soiontific man to occupy.’ Ho ought not moroly to ascertain tho ovils but tho causes of them; nud to draw somo conclusions that would be valunble to States which may undertako tax-reform in tho future. Minor's romedy, so far ns heard, is tho abolition of showing sn inercaro in tho proportion |-Slmost entirely supplied by the tillors of our “LOCAL TAXATION. tho system of double taxation, which may or of deposits | Jayeated 18 acer from own poll a means es tho fama anioe Onr Revolution wns fought to enforco the | moy not bo 9 complete solution of the ono-quarter to one- and at the end | ty judges, the transf t ots Chettin,geura alo = WiDelERGG. 2 loesin: wees ty judges, the transfer of our shipbnilding | principle of taxation by the peoplo and for | problom, interests, such as they are, to Canadian yards, Tho Protectionist oracle continues: “ Under tho old treaty the movemont of raw products, especially those of the farm and tho forest, woro substantially all one way,— that is, from Caunda snd into tho United States, So it would bo again, Our farmers havo nothing better than n loss to realizo from reciprocity with Canada; nor can thera be a hope from it for n botter opening of that country to American manufactures, 80 long of tho Dominion rotains ita British connection, and is thus tied to the apron. strings of the Mothor Country.” The objoctiona hero rnisod to tho old treaty are fallacious, excopt the ono which relates to tho introduction of Amorican mau- nfacturos into Cansda, and this is procisoly the ono which tha advocates of tho now treaty design to obviate, Tho objection to the old treaty was not that it worked an in- jury to our agricultural interests, American formora have nover demanded and novor neodad protection against competition. ‘Cho market price of products is regulated not by tho home but by the foreign demand, The actual movement of farm producta into tho United Stntes from Canada undor a roci- procity treaty would doubtloss be larger in quantity, but not to such an oxtont os to drive out homo supplies, aud ospectally not #0 bacause the grades of grain exchanged are of differont qualitics, Besides, the United States would have tho somo advantages in raising grain, if os uniform tariff were cs- tablished in both countries, that tho Cana- diana now possess, and our farmers could eupply to parts of the Dominion moro than enongh grain to counterbalanco that which might be sont into parts of tho United States from there, The absurdity of ‘matching Canada ogninst the United States asa pro- ducer of grain, (he conditions being eqnat in both countries, is too apparent to require demonstration. Under a reciprocity treaty, Canada would sell porhops a larger quantity of grain, but would also buy of usa larger quantity of merchandiso in exchange for what she soli, She might increase hor ship- building interosta, but the effect would only be to provide us with cheaper ships. Sho might derive larger revenues from her canola, but tho tolla imposed on Anterican cargoes would be leas, ‘The Protectionists will find it a difficult mnatter to convyinco the farmers of tho United Statos that they havo anything to loso from the importation of Canadian grain into border towns, provided thoy gain at tho same time cheaper rates of transporta- tion to the markets of the world. PROTECTION OF INTERSTATE COMMERCE, Mr, Ouan.es Francis Apaus, Jr., opposes the proposition that Congross shall enact legislation which shall enable the National Government to use its strong arm to provent the violent interruption of tho railroad bual- nos of the country. Ho appears to be par- ticularly antogonistio to tha propoaltion be. causo it was recommended by Col. Tuomas A. Scorr in bis rocent article in tho North American Revicw, from which fact he seems to conclude that itis a railroad scheme, But the proposition did uot origiuate with Col. Bcorr, nor dny other rofrood man, It was asort of spontanvous suggestion of the peo- plo; the necessity for nutionat legislation in the matter was folt generally as soon asthe late railroad striko had domonstrated that a conspiracy to stop tho oporation of the rail- roads was not merely a State or a local affuir but o national calamity, It became opparent that railroad transportation is as asentially. g featuro of inter. Stato commerco ag transportation on tho lakes and rivers, and that it is os important that the inter-State highways of the land should be under the immediate protuction of the United States Govorumont, when vio- lently assaulted, as it is that the inter-State highways by water be similarly protected, Tho Constitution explicitly investa Congroas with authority to provide such protection, snd the commercial interests exact it since more thandonble the ontire deposita of the first period. In 1HU8 the banks of that Stato hold about $25,000,000 in Unitod States bonds; in 1870 they held lesa than $12,000,000. Out of a total deposit Inthe six New England States of $438,000, 000, more than one-half, or $228,000, 000, Is invested in mortgages, Connecticut having the largest amount, of G8 percent of the total asscts, Now Jersey has 45 per cont Invested in o almilar man- ner, Somocf the New England States invest in second as well as in firat mortgages, In New York State mortyage toans rosc, between 1805 and 1876, from $23, 138, 000 to $110, 151,000, while the do- posite increased frot $111,737, 000 to $316, 677, - 000. In thts State, also, the savings banks show a better condition ax to United States stocks, for in 1871 they had $48,600,000, and In 1876, $81, - 580,000, being 2 per cent of their nseots, One babk alono in New York City, having added about $4,000,000 to Its aesute, owns moro than $15,- 000,000 of these nacuritics, or moro than half tho amount of its deposits. ‘The evils of tho savings-banks system in this country have been: 1, Tho wide rango permitted in the way of investments; 2. Tho costliness of tho management; and 8. Tho absonco of sufficiont responsibility and of any proper supervision or caro over the man- agers. Tho popular idea of a savings bank is that it fa nn institution organized for tho benefit of the depositors, to be conducted and managed in thelr interests and for their profit, That, however, is not tho charactor of savings banks generally, - A savinga bank is cssontially a private institution, tho samo as & cotton-mill, an iron-fonndry, or a whole- sale dry-goods house, Tho bank is owned, not by the depositors, but by certain porsons who subscribo a comparatively small sum of money called capital, ‘These persons reccivo the monoy of depositors, loan or invest tho sano, pay an agreed rato of interest, and the profits of the business belong to tho holders of the capital atock, who pay the costs and expenses of management, If badly or ig- norantly managed, the loss falls on the do- positors; if dishonestly managed, then the property taken ia that of the depositors. The irresponalbility of such banks gonerally is il- lustrated by the caso of the State Savings. Spzxorn borrowed enough money for “throo daya” with which to buy a. controlling amount of the capital stock; then, boing in possecsion, he took the money of the depositors, and repaid his threo daya’ Joan, Subsequently he continned to buy up tho capital stock, using for that purpose tho money of the bank, until at last nearly the whole etock was in bis nano or in that of his accomplices. Finally, to cover up his own indubtedness to the bank, he sold his utock tothe bank, presenting the remarkable case of a corporation owning tho great bulk of ituown atock,—boing itsolf ,the control. ling stockholder in its own corporation! Had there beon any honest, efficient, and respou. aiblo Governmental supervision over such corporations, such a condition of thingy as thix would have beon impossible, ‘The frauds and robberies by tho savings banks in England eventually led to in- terposition by the Government, It did not abolish or prohibit private savings banks, but it established other banks, of a Govorn- mental charactor, to which the public might resort or not. ‘The Government offered tho public a choico to deposit their moncy with the Government, having absolute security, or to deposit it with tho private bauks, Some such provision is nooded in this country. Savings banks havo two classes of depositors,—those whose weekly deposits are smal} and who havo each but o small aggregate; and the other class are those who have larger savings and who keep their money on deposit, as an in- vestincat, Fortunately, our Government is in a condition to accommodate both of these classes of depositors. To the one class it can open receiving offices whore they can de- posit their dollars or half dollars, and have the same at interest until such time ae they reach the waximum fixed by law for cach dopositor, For the other class the Govern. mont cau make provision by issuing to them, in exchange for their money, national bonds in any sama from $50 up to $10,000,—the the people, as opposed to taxation by a Gov- ernment in which tho pooplo taxed had no voice or representation; and the history of the United Statos teaches that this privilege, so dearly bought, has since beon esteomed o lnxury. Excessive taxation by tho poople and for the peoplo is an evil scarcely loss than moderato taxation imposed by a foreign Power. Thoro is nothing inystorious in tho Amorican system of taxa tion. It is as old as tho colonics founded 250 years ago. It is based on the fundamental idea of popular representation and delegated anthority, Tho tax-collector is not the rop- resentative of an arbitrary and fron rule, but & person appointed by the peoplo to receive thoir contributions for tho support of Gov- ernment. Yet there is a common complaint of oxcessive taxation coupled with an indis- position to dischargo tho political duties by which taxation is regulated.: Tho problem, therofore, is to procure such a syatem of tax- ‘ation as will at once simplify the methods of collection, distribute tho burdens equitably, and bring it homo to tho peoplo as closely as possible, ‘This problem {a consldored in a paper rond ‘Defore the Social Scionco Associntion at Sarn- toga by Mr. Witruz Minor, Jr., of Boston, Tho dissatisfaction with tho old system of taxation, ho assorts, hoa grown of Inte yoara ‘beenugo the defocta of tho primitive and clumsy machinory did not appear till an in- ercasod demand was made upon it under the enormous prossuro of reckless public oxtraya- gance, Tho syatom has becoa:o under this doimand not only ineffective but intolerably oppressive in all the States, The first de- toct which Mr. Minor notices ia tho practice of double taxation, in accordance with which all property and every evidence of price paid for that property, such as notes, mortgages, and bonds, ‘aro taxed, Tho State Govornmont farther undartakes to tax all property (umially excepting land) to which any citizon has title, notwithstanding that it is altnated and taxed fn another State orcounty, The conflicting rule is that, for tho purpose of taxation, all personal propor. ty follows the owner by fiction of law, but at tho samo time remains ax a matter of fact whero itis, ‘As this property which doos not exist cannot snanifest itself, oven for tho purpose of taxativa, it can only be mado. to appear by the oath of tho owner or by the guess of an Asscesor, aud the execution of tho law with cortadnty and justico dopends practically on tha latter oxpodicnt, As an inovitable consoquence, vory honest mou oro excessively taxed, and a part of the commu- nity aro made to bear both thelr own bur- dens and those of others who cscapo taxa- tion.” ‘Tho State of Masnachusotts domands most from its taxing machinory. Tho practice in that State exhibits on au onlarged scale the ovils which provail in alltho othors, excopt Pennrylvanis, ‘Tho Dooming Board is a po- culior Massachusotts institution, It sits in socret gesuion and determines the taxus—Mr, Murvor cally them ‘*tho flues "—which shall ‘be asuseaied on property, ‘Some plead guilty aud pay tho fines, some escape by per- jury, and tho fincs of tho rest are fixed by this secret inquisition.” ‘The Dooming Board comsisty usually of three members, ‘their common qualification being s vontirmed in- capacity for business and a want of omploy- mont, Tho method of assessment iv by guessing. When a property-owner pays his “fino” cheerfully, a higher guess is made next time, and so on continually, until the victim “‘squeals,"** If his property is in the State and can bo seized, three-quarters of it can bo confiscated ; if it is in another State and has been confiscated theru, or is unavailablo and pays no income, the owner may be arrested and izoprisonad. : In Franco, Germany, and England taxes aro levied with precision and collected with- ease. The subject of taxation has constant. ly occupied thoir legislators; ‘20 much, in- deed, that the history of taxation in England POLITIOAL DIETER TON AT THE ‘Tho Intost sign of a possiblo disintogration of partios in the Southorn States comes from Virginia, ‘The split among the Democrats thore, if it shall provo -to ba such, will bo over tho State dobt, Tho pronant dobt anounts to $30,000,000, which really repro- sents n dobt of 345,000,000, which waa scaled down by tho funding proceas to tha formor figure. Notwithstanding thia great reduction, thero is nn ovowed ropudistion party in Virginia, who barely failed to socure the Democratic nomination for their candi- date, and tho contention between tho two factions may load to a rupturo among tho whites, which will mako tho negro voto an element to bo sought aftor instend of a thing to be discouraged nud intimidated. Wo ara not now discussing the morits of tho con- trovoray, but pointing out tho fact that, in Virginia, ns in ‘Tonnessco, Missiasippi, Louist- ana, and Gcorgia, there aro strong indi. cations that the Democratic party (which is now simply the white men’s party at the South) cannot be malutained intact on tho plen of keoping tho nogrocs out of politica, That was notice onough lo socure a cohosion of all elomonts among the native whitch dur- ing tho time when the carpet-baggors wero kept in power by tho solid nogro vote; and the final success of the uative white clement was socurod at Inst by forcing a conlition upon thom through a system of oppresstvo taxation and tho intervontion of United States troops, But now that thero is no dis- pute as to tho political supremacy of the no tive whito clemont, now thot the carpot- Daggers havo largoly returned to the North or st least abandoucd politics, and now that bayonots and gunboats no longer drivo the native whites to m common political allinnco, they will not bo nblo ‘to present a solid front againat no opposition, while torn naunder by diverse interests and opipions, In one State the split will be upon ono thing, in another State upon another thing; but whenever it comes, and whatever shape It assumes, it brings with it the political opportunity for tho blacks to divide themselves botwoon par- ties liko the whitos, and thua bé assured of fair treatment and propor political consid. ation, no matter which party prevails, In commenting upon tho prospect for auch a division among the native whites in Virginia, the Nation thinks that “ far from holping the negro, it would exert on him an influonco alinost as demoralizing in the long run ay that of tho cnrpot-baggors; for, if this division werv deop enough to causo him to be counted at all, it would cause the two parties to bid against oach other for his vote,” ‘This isan unnoccasary complication of tho nogro question. It ia very much like o rich man’s dream of dying in tho’ poor-houso, or the dread entertained by & young girl os to the accidents that may happen to her children in case who should ever marry and have children, Of course, all iutelligont people understand that tho beatification ond usefulness of the negro as a voter will depend upon bis social improve- mont, and it is useloss to lament over his adiniasion to the franchtse before he was well qualified for it, Wedonot kuow that the North is outiroly composed of intelligent yoters, and we have a suspicion that both parties cuter to cortaii clemonts which do not contnbute to the elevation or purity of Auwerican politics, But theso people have tho right to vote under our system ; so have the negroes. Had the Native-American movo- mont provailed in politics twenty-five years ago, a certain foreign clement would bave becn practically disfranchised, as much os the negrocs of the South have beon where the native whites have banded together against them. Tho fruit purpose is to’ sccure the political recognition of tho blacks at the South as thoroughly as the rights of equally unintelligent vote rs at tho North ore recognized, Tho carvot-baggers Our Nw for 1875, was $17.11, and it is estimated ing cost of living bo diminished. The debt wealth of tho country was donbled by act of Congross, and the product was again multi+ plied by two, in some instances, by the served, abundant food for reflection; but make no passing allusion. to the Pennsyl- failed in this effort, because thoy abused tho advantagos which tho negro vote gavo them, ‘The armed intervention of the National Goy. ernment faitod, becnuso it wan invoke ig behalf of a bad sot of men ns a rule, and bo enusa it was employed fn auch amannor ag * to vendor ita Inwfulness under the Constita. tion very questionable, ‘Phe hopo for the per. feet politfenl emancipation of tho negro at the Sonth just now is a division of tho whites to begin with, and a division of tho blacks to follow, s0 that tho race-iesto may ho buried for nll imo, and the organization of 4 party on a color line may be honceforth impoxsitle, ‘That mnch attained, it will ba tine onongh to cousklor tho evila or dangers likely to fol. low from both partios seeking n anajority of the negro voto; whatever thuse ovils may be, they are not likely to be worse than thosa nt the North arising from a similar disposition to concilinte certain classes of unintelligent votora, and they will certainly ben great dent legs throntoning than a continuation of the race-lestie, — Anthe Globe- Demorrat has, Ina most offensive manner, neeetted that the Republican's Europes special diapatches are bogua,—that iw to aay. ate mace up at Now York from thu forcien telesrainy of the Herald,—we have taken the palna to obtsig ny ofmiciat contradiction of the charge, and herp aTEnN Union Tatrcnari Coxrany, Sr, Louis, Sept, 8.—Gearge Knanp it Co,, St. Loute —Gatiemext Your communication of Sept, 7, in reference to your cable reports, was duly recclyed, I nm officially informed that along *rpeciat’ iy recelved from London every night, which comes over the Direct Cablu nddreseed to 'Groar, ¥, Y¥.," and fs readdrvased tothe St. Loute Lepwbticn an, Cuicaco ‘Tumune, and Cineinnatl Commers elat,” Very reepettaily. “*Saporin —St. Loute Republican. This {s the unly genuine cable dispatch that, comes to a Chicago paper. Hy C. Chowny, tendont W, U. Tel Co," “Can anything goot coma out of Chicazort ake the Boston foal, Everything good comes ont of Chicago—us soon as It can get ont—St, souls Republican, And some things that might have been good, and great, and beautiful, but for misfortune of assuciutions at home get out, too. Cul. Gronog Kuarr left this city the other day for lis home in St. Louis. ee Dion Bovctcaucr conciudes from his expere ence that the drama and the press cannot exit together, and inciines to the opinion that the former fs the more {important factor in the ag yancement of elvilization. He seems to forma thut eltaer would dic on Bouctcaunt's hands, ea ——~ A homeopathic doctor In St. Louis appears to have abandoned tus new-schoo! practice when it came to licking his wife, antl to have admin istered his thumps without stint or moderation, Hic 1s described as o most -PuareLaN wretch, eis Cincinnatl clatms 8,000 Communists all armed and equipped. It would bea good idea to build arope-walk for them, aud ect them up ina line of manufacture that they may some day render needful. 5a ‘The gentlemen who meet dally at the Gutup- hall on LaSalle strect have determined to ex- tend to Srencen the freedom of the elty Ina * jug, if he will kindly Indicate a disposition to accept. College chums of Sirriva Butt, A. B., claim that oven during his University days be was 5 hair 'em, scaro ’em sort of a folluw. | Another Muscovite outrage! The Russians are reported as “moving on Sofia,’ represented as utterly unprotected. PERSONAL. Bon Do Bar, it is anid, fell a victim to hair dye, the polson penctrating his brain, Georgo Sand, her friends eay, drank her. aelf to death with hot coffeo, She lived too hearty old ago, notwithstanding, Mr. Dunbar, tho soulptor, has received an order from Mr, Fairman Rogera, of New York, for Bxroup, etatuette-size, of polo-playars, 2 Prof, Jovons, though au “Englishman, {s frank enough to admit that the decimal system is far superior to £., 8, d. of Old England, Prof, Hicks, of the Montreal Normal Col- lege, believes In chess as an educating medium, ond favors the teaching of {t in the schools, “The History of Edward IL,” by Mr. Longman, the publisher, ia pronounced by Mn Green tho best modern account of that period, Mr, John Bright is to mako a long tour on the Continent this autumn, ond benco will not de- Jer bie usual vacation-apcoch to bla constituents at Birmingham, ‘4 Tho vault in which tho remains of Brig- ham Young havo been placed Is so constructed that, after It la once closed, nut a single stone cia ‘be removed from the structure, . Mr, Cyrus Field has boon in Scotland with Mr. Tilden and Mr, Myvlow, Io then went to Rochilale on a visit to Mr. Bright; thence to If warden Castle to seo Mr, Gladstone. A correspondent of the Vation calls atten tion to the fact that the astronomers of Laputs Uiscovered the satellites of Mare 200 years agu and to them really Lelungs the honor of the dis covery, Tho World mysteriously threatens that Its Tondon correspondont, Mr. Louls Jennings, will make some startling dleclosures ag to the mannt in which thu New York Zines was brought to pur lak tho Tweed oxpoaures, Bon Do Bar onco gavo his theatre to Ham- mond for rovival-purpusce, asying at the ese time: **You can havo the theatre free of char® ani welcome to tt. Tama religious inou myacll, and belleve in Christianity," Avery eminent English writer anid to Mr. Smalicy that he had read Mr, Forbes" letter in the Naws, on the battle of Plovna, with the greatesb admiration; and ho did not sco how s sentence could have been altered for the betvor If the whols had been composed at leleurc. ‘Tho PullMall Gazette, in ita roviow of Lord Lorno's rhymed Psalter, remarke: ‘Wo cate not but agree with Lord Lorne's candid adailseioa tn tho preface, that It (a a uilstake to twist into rhyme the boautitul prose-verse of the original, and that {tle beat to wlug the Paalins without alter ation, Wenever, Indeed, felt the fore of this truth so strongly na after roading Lord Lurne’s o#d vervlou,"* ‘Tho Philadelphia Z'imes prints tho follow. Ing item, whitch everybody tn Chicago will be gled toseo: ‘Et leyratifylng to learn that Mr. Wille fam Hearty Smith, Ly the courtesy of President Hayes Collector of the Port of Chicacu, will alll continue to dlachange the duties of Agent of the Western Associated Press, This ts capeclslly pleasing to newspapers who have bad uccesioa to notiee the non-partleay and independent wau- pee in which Willlam Henry bas fulfiied bit ution"? Mr, Ruskin, ina rocent number of Sort Clacigera, printed a Icttar supposed to come from Mr. Lowo, which, said Mr, Ruskin, '*Evory toe I read It overwhelms me with dcener amaze ment." Mr, Lowe thereupon recelved much pralee as tho author of 4 letter that could amazo Mr. [tus km; Dut speedily Mr. Ruskin appeared with s com munication denying that Mr, Lowe wrotu Ih adding; ** Your critic, in the course of Lis reviews expresses bis not unjustisable conviction that 90 correspondence between Bir. Lowe and me Is poss Vic on any intellectual eubject whatever." Of the funeral of Mrs. Higginson, at Now port, the Providence Journal gives this account! ‘*In tho parlora wero assembled @ large neces of friends, but there was uot that terrlll gloom watch usually accompanice funeral serviced ata private residence. There wes uo darkuces, “4 splay of crapo, no bystezical sobs, no gonteo display of flowers, nu invited choirs, no hie organ, no magnificently-ornamcnted coftin cove! with costly roacbuds,—there were none of wueat but there was the ordinary lignt of day; the ra aorrowing frionds woru thelr everyday attri thelr grief was expressed by quiet and afection2 thought of thu spirit thet had tled from the bos lying thero; bublod the cofia was nothing bo aimpla bauch of sutumno-Bowers; a tow ae friends sang & couplo of beauliful bymns to hae companiment of the home-piano; and the ¢ was costly, i$ 14 true, but plain. It was as clr an eifoctive protest against aluful extravagance © ever was soon in this city. Tho funcral servi wero very simple. The Rev. Jauce Wee! Clarke, of Boston, conducted then." |