Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, September 9, 1877, Page 4

ee 4 THE CHICAGO VRIBUNE: SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 9, 1877-SLXTEEN PAGES. | Ghe Eribune. showing gives Riompan a majori- ty; but, besides this, it has been proved that there were certain precincts in the ward—notably tle one in which tho re- TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. BY MAIL—IN ADVANCE—POSTAGE PREPAID. ition, one year... a year, per mont failed to any address four weeks for. unday Literary and Rellj ditior Specimen copl To prevent delay and mistakes be eure and elve Post- Oftice address tn full, including State and County. Remittances may be made either by draft. express, Yost-Ontice order, or In registered letters, at our rikk, TERMS JO CITY SUNSCIIBERS. Dally, delivered, Sunday excepted, 2% cents per week. Datiy, delivered, Sunday included, 30 cents per week. Address THE TRIBUNE COMPA? ‘Corner Madison and Dearborn-sts... C! Orders for the delivery of Tue Trinusz at Fy Englewood, and Ityde Park Ieft in the counting-room will receive prompt attentio! SOCIETY MEETINGS. ste. Uially invited. F. C, VIERLING, Seci By order of the Chapter. 5 Order SS. Le de PIEKIN, W. 3 APOLLO COMMANDERY, NO. 1, KNIGHTS TEM- PLAR—Special Conclave at "Asyluni on Thesday even- Ing nest, Sept, 11, at 8 o'clock, prompt The cirder of the Temple wit! be couferred. Visors always wel- rf thee By onder of the FSi. DUNLOP, Necorder. come. WASHINGTON CHAPTER, 0. E. S.—All aivADas are reauesceu to be present Tuesdsy evening, f importance, Sept. 11. Business of importance, 6 en we a. -AYETTE CHAPTER, No. 2, Tt. A. M.—Ttall, 76 aieree ae elated Convocation Monday eventnes Sept. 30, at 7% O'clock, for business and work. Uy order of <W. i. ieid WP, ES KER, Sco'y. GE, BLANEY LODGE, NO. 271, A, F. AND A. M.— Stated Communtcatioa Weduesday evening, Sept. 12 Jmportant pistes Members of iAney ore. gereUy notified to attend. NB AUSET SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 9, 1877. CHICAGO MARKET SUMMARY. ‘The Chicazo produce markets were active and ir- regular Saturday. Mess pork closed 10@15¢ per bri higher, at $12.60 cash and $12.60@12.62% for October. Lard closed 5¢ per 100 Ibs higher, at $8.75GS.80 cash ana $3.S0@S.S25 seller Octo- Der. Meats were stronger. at S!:¢ for loose shoul- ders and 7c for do short ribs. Take freizhts were firmer, at3c for corn to Buffalo. Highwincs were steady. at $1.09 per gallon. Flour was in fair d mand ana firm. Wheat closed 1c lower. nt §1.05% for Septemner and $1.01! for October. Corn closed steady, at45c cash and 44% for October. Onte closed easier, 23%e cash and 24¢ for October. tye closed firm, at 541@55¢. Barley closed dull. xt G8c asked for September. Mozs were Se per 100 Ibs hizher. at$4. 7075.45. Cattle were steady, snd sheep nominal. One bandred dollars in gold would buy $102. 50 in greendacks at the close. ‘At the New York: Gold Exchange on Satur- day greenbacks ranged at 961@96$. A miniature tidal wave has almost swamp- ed the coast of New Jersey, and the water- ing places are reading an especially clear title to their aqneous claims. Franz Lesitre has made an assignment for the benefit of his creditors, who repre- sent $330,000 of his indebteduess. “His assets. are his various publications, the material used therefor, and his property near Saratoga. Mr. Leszie’s financial complica- + tions were superinduced by real estate trans- actions. A-contract has been entered into between the city and Architect Ecay, whereby the latter agrees, in consideration of £3,000, to furnish full and complete plans of the county portion of the Court-House by Oct.1. The Mayor has advertised for proposals for laying the foundation, aud to-morrow will call for Proposals for doing the work. Verily, there is a glimmer of light. Lonigville is making preparations for the grandest celebration the city has ever known. President Haxrs and his party will spend the 17th and Sth there, and arrangements ofa stupendous character have been made to outshine the rest of the country in the reception. ‘Lhe town will be decorated, and other townsinvited to assist, and from the dis- patches it looks as though Louisville were abont to cxpire in a blaze of glory. Mr. Ricnarp Borrse, an aged gentleman living afew miles froin St. Paul, Ind.; pre- scents a strong claim for credit for coolness, Fridey night a burglar, armed with an ‘ax, entered the house, and, arousing the old gen- tleman, demanded that he show such finan- reinl deposits as the house might develop. Mr. Boxrxc politely escorted the thief around the premises, and finally pointed ont. a bu- reau supposed to contain rich evidences of debt. The burglar instituted an investiga- tion, and, while at it, Mr. Borrie struck him over the head, killing him instantly, and then went back to bed, where he slept peace- fally until morning, when he. communicated the details of the tragedy Among tae candidates for the office of County Superintendent of Schools the friends of Mr. O. E. Haven are urging his same for the Bepublican nomination, Mr. Haves is the son of Prof. E. 0. Havex, formerly President of the Michigan Univer- sity, afterwards President of the Northwest- ern University nt Evanston, and at present Chancellor of the Syracuse University, New York. Mr. O. E. IHaven is now aresident of Evanston, where he has for five years been Superintendent of Public Schools. Before that he was the Principal of a high school in Town, and indeed has been practically en- gaged in educational pursuits ever since he graduated at the Michigan University. dapee ee oe Uoverslty The Commissioners on the Selection of the Southern Penitentiary have at last filed their report, advocating the claims of Ches- ter,—a town near the month of Kaskaskia River. It affords along review of the pre- tensions of other localities, and verbosely txplains’ why Nature failed to locate 3 spot, outside of Chester, that could. be profital]y emyloyed in the reformation cf sriminul classes, Gov. CcLiow is responsi- dle for the statement that the Reviewing Leis will spprave the report, and the natter may now be considered i settled. The selection is one that athens 0 have been imade in the first place, nor ap- proved in the second place, for reasons whicli Tae Trinvse has already pointed out, The Council Election Committee have hit apon ihe fairest metkod for filling the va. sancy from the Seventh Ward. Hitparen slaimed the election, but he was refused ad- nission to his seat because he was ineligible .a account of his self-confessed crooked. ness in whisky operations. Since then the Committee have had the election itself under investigation, and they have satisfied them. selves that Hmprera was never elected, This entitles his competitor, Rronpax, to the seat. The majority claimed by Huprera ‘was 95, but Riogpan has actually proved up €3 fraudulent votes for Hmpnrra, and the Council Committee have properly admitted 35 more votes for Rrorpax which _ Were deposited in the town box. This cent rioting occurred—where men were not permitted to vote for Rrornpan who de- sired to do so. The evidence is all in favor of Rionpan’s clection by honest votes, and the quickest way to dispose of the Hirpretit gang is to give Mr. Rionpan his seat. He is understood to bo one of the best and most responsible residents of the ward, and the Council should take the same view of the matter that the Committee have taken, Senator Baranp comes out squarely as an admirer and indorser of President Harns’ Southern policy. At. Richmond yesterday he was asked what he thought of it, and his reply was one of unequivocal approval. He thinks that 75 per cent of the Republican party now see that the time had come fora change in the treatment of the Southern question, and there should be no reason why Democrats and Republicans cannot approve the results as they find them. The death is announced of Mr. Howarp Prrestiy, an old resident of Chicago, and formerly a prominent member of the Chica- 0 Board of Trade. Mr. Prrestuy died to his family and friends three yenrs.ago, when an incurable affliction required his confine- ment in an insane asylum at Flushing, Long Island. He is vividly and kindly remem- bered by all who ever kne® him as an affa- ble, generous, pleasant gentleman, and by those who had business relatious with him as aman of étrict integrity and fair-denling. a Another terrible famine has broken out in Asia, and is desolating the little Kingdom of Corea, on the enstern frontier of China, and the natives are rapidly dying of starvation. Like the Indian famine, it has arisen from the failure of the crops last season, owing to the want of rain, and from the consumption of all reserve supplies. To add to their miseries, the plague has broken out among the people. In their distress, they called upon the Government to aid them, but the King turned a deaf ear until his subjects rose in rebellion aud forced the Government to open relieving offices, whefe rico obtained from China and Japan is dealt out. A more horrible combination than civil war, the plague, and famine, could hardly afflict a peorie. Oid man Tween has not yet forgotten his cunning, and, if reports bo true, he has spent his leisure hours in figuring out a new Ring through which he hopes to escape from jail and assume a position once more. It will be remembered that he refused to testify before the Investigating Committee appointed by tho Legislature, though he comes up smiling at the beck of a committee-of Aldermen. This is assumed to be due to the machina- tions of the anti-Tmprn faction and Jon Fox, who is preparing a political holocaust for Joun Monnissexr. Tweren’s testimony does not differ from that refused by Attor- neéy-General Famcarup, but at the coming Convention Famcnuxp is to be thrown over- board and a man nominated who will es- teem Twerep’s revelations 2s of portentous importance, and order the old rogue’s re- lense. Ifthe new Ring is successful, there need be no surprise when Mr. Tween places his hand on his héart and announces him- self at the head of it. In a pouring rain, and followed by a long and mourning procession, the remains of Louis ApotrHe Tarers, ex-President of France, were yesterday conveyed to the grave. Tlundreds of thousands lined the roadways, testifying by every mark of re- spect their appreciation of their loss in ‘‘ the historian of the Revolution,” and at the cemetery speeches by some of the most eminent men in the Republican Empire made the imposing ceremony moro im- pressive. Tho only evidence of feeling was manifested» by the Archbishop of Paris, who refused to permit the . use of the Madeline for the funeral services, which were held at the parish church of Notre Dame de Lorette. During the service and while the procession marched to the grave all was quiet and all respectful. There was no political demonstration, and the body of the dead statesman was away decently andin order, without provoking any of the disturbances that might be expected of Paris in such troublous tines. WORKINGHEN AND LOCAL POLITICS. ‘The efforts to organize the workingmen of Chicago for political uses in the fall cam- paign have so far resulied in a confusion which we almost hopelessly seek to unravel, There arc three distinct movements, which as yet have fniled to meet on common ground. ‘There is the National Workingmen’s party. though this has not fairly got started here, but fully intends to; indeed, Mr. Buanzox Doscas wants the workingmen to help him move his paper up here from Lonisville. This is the perty which has held Conventions in Baltimore, Cincinnati, aud other cities, and which has fnlminated the most startling de- mands of a Communistic nature throughout the country. Then there are two local or- Party,” is the old Communistic association under the Vax Parren and his confreres, and has ward clubs scattered through the city ; this crowd proposes to hold a convention, which shall be made up of delegates elected by the ward societies; the programme is that the Convention, so constituted, shall nominate a ticket, which shall then be sont back to the ward societies for ratification or rejection, something after the old Confeder- ation practices, Tho other local organiza- tion is known as the ‘Labor League,” and, as it is under the control of the trades- unions, is perhaps more Properly the repre. sentative of the workingmen, though we do not vouch for this. This crowd is to hold a convention to-day, but will probably pro- ceed no farther than some speech-making aud an attempt at organization; the nomina. tion of a county ticket will almost surely be postponed." Thus are the workingmen at the present writing divided against each other. Whether or not they shall succeed in forming a junc- tion and in presenting a solid frontas a new political party, with a county ticket in the field, cannot be foretold with any certainty. If consolidation “be accomplished, it will probably be through the intervention of the National Workingmen’s party, so-called, to which the local organizations miay subordinate themselves. Even if this Janction can be made, there is no indication that the new party will be formidable in the county election. Judging by similur efforts in the past, they will cut no particular figure ; for there have been workingmen’s tickets in Chicago before, and uniformly with the re- sult of polling about the same number of votes as Cuantes O'Coxor or Pere Cooren in their Presidential races, Whether this has been owing to the usual distribution of workingmen as well as business and profes. ganizations. One, called the “ Workingmen’s sional men between the two great parties, or becauso the leaders of the workingmen’s movement have always sold them out, we shall not undertake to say; but it has always been believed that there was moro or less selling ont, with very little delivery. It may be that some of the amatenr working- men who are seeking to organize for this fall have something of this kind ia view. But if there should prove to be a bona fide coalition between the different factions, and a determined effort shall be mode to elect a workingman’s ticket, what will be the mov- ing cause of such a combination? This is the first question that will suggest itself to the people who pay the taxes. Outside of the County, Probate, and Superior Judges, the County ‘Treasurer and County Clerk,— offices which it is the common interest of the entire, community - to fill with honest and capable men,—the chief struggle will be over the election of five new members of the County Board. This Board is the County Legislature. It is charged with the letting of contracts, the support of paupers, the purchase and distribution of county sup- plies. Do the Communists mean, by coming to the front at this particular time, that they want the county affairs admiuistered and the county moneys disbursed on the Communist- ic plan? Do they mean that they intend, if possible, to secure control of the County Board in order to assure a more liberal let- ting of contracts for work that is not needed, an extensi6n of the esylum for idle men as county employes, an enlargement of the fund to bo expended on paupers and sup- plies, and, in ore word, a more generous sys- tem of dividing up than has heretofore béen in vogue? The purpose of the election is such, and the offices to be filled are of such character, that 1t is difficult to put any other explanation than this upon a persistent as- sertion by the Communistic element of its associated strength at this time. I€ this is the true meaning of the various movements, it will make itself apparent before the day of election, and serve tofunite the taxpayers, both direct and indirect, the business men, large and small, aud all conservative citi- zens, in a desperate resistance, and leave the so-called Workingmen’s Party very far in the rear. There has already been too much of the Communistic plan of dividing up under the management of the County Ring, aud it is an escape from this practice, and not an enlargement thereof, that tho people of Cook County demend. It is not likely that the movement of the Communists in the county election will be dangerous unless the Democratic party shall either take it under its wings or consent to fly its colors. Even in this case we do not doubt but that both together could be routed by a junction of property-owners, taxpayers, business men, and conservative men in favor of the Republican ticket. But we certainly hope thet the respectable element of the Democratic party will have sufficient influ- ence to defeat any such disreputable alliance ; if not, then it is pretty certain that the re- spectable element will desert the Democratic ticket, for this fall at least. The situation is of akind that will pretty surely lead to the election of that ticket which commends it- self as being made up of the most honest and efficient men,—a probability which the Republicans must also keep well in mind. A DISHONESTY AS A CRIME. ‘Tae Tuoese has on several occasions com- mented on the official demoralization which attended and followed the financial revolu- tion pertaining to the War, and which has extended to all branches of business and all private employments. One of the. calami- ties of all wars, and especially of our last war, was the disturbance created in the so- cial life of the people. The rapidity with which large fortunes were mada in tho early years of the War, and the habits of lavish expenditure made by thoso who had so sud- denly acquired wealth, had a most pernicious effect upon society. They begat in all the walks of society (1) a contempt for labor and for the slow accumulation of wealth by the hoarding of savings; (2) a frantic effort to become rich without Isbor, and in a short time; (3) a desire to become rich in order to indulge in extravagant expenditures for dis- play. Hence a wild spirit of speculation; hhenco the countless schemes to acquire money without labor; hence the gradual but rapid lowering of morality in the adop- tion of questionable enterprises; end henco the desperate purpose to get rich without any reference whatever as to the integrity of the means. ‘The corrnpting influence of the extrava- gance'in social life was soon marked by dis- honesty in official life,—men using public money to sustain en expenditure which their lawful income did not warrant. ‘his official dishonesty, which was conspicuous in the national service, soon extended to the munie- ipal and other local service, aud in due time ;f0 the service of banks, railroad and other corporations, and eventually to private em- ployment. Inbor had become detestable; honesty was too slow; wealth alone was fashionable and respected ;' and men and women of all ages and occupations applied themselves to secure money by. whatever means might be available for that purpose, We need not refer to the daily recitals of de- faleations and other-robberies by public ofti- cers, by the employes of corporations, and the confidential and trusted clerks and cash- iers of private establishments. Honesty had been eclipsed by wealth. Riches were award- cd precedence of integrity, and that man was regarded asa fool aud a dullard who was content to labor for a slow living, aud would not grasp at any opportunity that offered to get money. ‘We do not question the integrity of those who resort to the bankrapt courts for the settlement of their indebtedness; but there is a general impression that the Jaw and the courts are frequently employed as a cover to frauds and dishonesty of the grossest charac- ter, showing how largely the once prized commercial honor has weakened under the geueral demoralization. It is the same story,—a disgust for Inbor, impatience un- der the slow progress of honesty, an infatua- tion for display and fast living, and a sacri- fice of principle and truth in the effort to get money. ‘The peculiarity of this hunt for money is not, as heretofore, to hoard it, to invest it in productive property or employment. The ab- sorbing idea from the boy of 12 years old, of the marriedand the uumarried woman, to the man already aged, is to get moncy to have money to spend ; to have money to gratify every want; to expend it in ostentatious display of dress and household Iuxury; to be able to have better clothes, better carriages and horses, and more of them, than their neighbors; to be able to spend money faster, and more of it, than their ac- quaintances; to have money to make a shine, and ‘to take the shme out” of .the people on the other side of the street; to purchase every form of dissipation; to figure conspicuously in church benefactions; and generally to spond lives rapidly, recklessly, riotously, uselessly, scnndalously, and end them in misery if not in squalid pauperism. The panic of 1873 swept away the sud- denly-ncqnired fortunes of a multitude of people. Nothing is more likely to take wings and fly away than wealth, even when it is guarded jealously and managed with pra- dencé. Daily, since 1873, this tumbling from affluence to poverty has been going on. Fire and flood, and lightning and storm, have played havoc with human pride and human calculations. Dishonesty has become a pes- tilence. Corporation after corporation hold- ing in its stock tho menns of thousands havo fallen into bankruptcy, ~ until among the poorest of the poor are those who once possessed a seem- ingly-permanent competency in the stocks of insurance companies and railroad companies. ‘The dishonesty of officers, tho frands and combinations of managers, have destroyed these organizations and carried off the capi- tal of those who had invested their substance therein, Another branch of this pestilential dishon- esty is that exhibited in the management of banks. Ten thousand and more families are to-day mourning the loss of the savings of many years of hard labor. There isa loud and vigorous demand that the person who wrought this calamity be brought back from his hiding-place to be punished. There can be no objection to this, but it shonld be remembered that this is not the first bank failure, nor the first bank robbery, that has taken place in Chicago. It is by no means a novelty. Other banks have closed their doors, having not a dollar in the vaults ; other banks have been robbed and plundered by their Presidents, and tothe crime of fraud- lent eppropriation have been added those of perjury, forgery, and secretion of bank property ; and what came of it? What was done with the guilty? What law and what court has been invoked to punish the crime, or even to stamp dishonesty with public con- tempt or disgrace? We admit that, because the robbery of the State Savings Bank was ‘but an imitation on perhaps a larger scalo of what had preceded it, and of what had never been punished or treated as a crime, it is not the less infamous or deserving of legal punishment; but tho fact remains that society hes tolerated, and has for years tol- erated, dishonesty; has. encouraged it by toleration, and by its encouragement is re- sponsible for the suffering and distress, the ruin and poverty, which have followed as consequences, It is time that crime be arrested in its suc- cessful career. The crime which is the more dangerons is not that instigated by passion, ending in brutal violence. It is dishonesty. The burglars, the thieves, the forgers, and the counterfeiters must be cast out of tho banks, the railroad companies, the fire ond life insurance companies, the counting- rooms, the warehouses, and the public offices. These burglars, thieves, forgers, and counterfeiters must be treated as their more vulgar counterparts, who practice their yocations professionally. Society must treat crime as crime, and criminals as criminals, or society must sink to the level of the dis- honesty it encourages and protects. THE DECLINE OF THE DRAMA. An epistle to Caantes Reape from Dion Bovercavr on the subject of the decline of the drama deserves some attention, not so much because the writer of it speaks with authority as because he assumes to do 60. Mr. Bovcrcavxt is well known to patrons of the drama both in England and America. He cannot hope to impose on them by the uso of asterisks nnd the fag-ends of familiar classical quotations. Nor will the claim to superior discernment and virtue on his part protect him from the censure which he merits in this connection as fully as any man now living. “He surrenders his caso when he confesses that he abandoned origi- nal productions and devoted himself to traus- lations because he saw tho gains of the latter description of work were greater than those of the former. This was certainly a low motive to govern a defender of the English drama in its native purity. If Apprsox, whom Mr. Boucicauur professes to admire, had sold his talent to the highest bidder, he would not have written bis tragedy of Cato,” or his papers now famous in the Spectator collection; Goxnsanra would never have composed ‘She Stoops to Conquer” if he had looked only to & pecuniary reward for his labors; aud ‘Suaxsreane himself, the most careless of authors, might have found richer returns in flattering the great or in satirizing the poor than he conld hope to obtain in the pursuit of his regular calling. ‘The introduction of realistic effects on the stage is not a cause of the decline of the drama, and, with proper limitations, not even an indication of it. When spectacle is substituted for acting, or accorded greator prominence, there may with justice bo an outcry against the innovators; but if the scenory is used to assist the art of the actors, it cannot be too complete or resemble nature too closely. Mr. Vixcent Crosmmes and his pump were ridiculous only because the Intter was the chief figure in the play. Mr. Bouci- caurt’s condemnation of all devices of this description is as_unreasoning ‘as it is insin- cere. When Mr. Macreapr played ‘“ Tho Tempest” on the boards of Covent Garden Thentro. at an expense. of many thousand pounds, he showed no disrespect, but rather thevhighest reverence, for the author. And the severe traditions of the Comedio Fran- enise are commendable not so much because they remove obstructions from tho path of the actor, as because they are in harmony with the spirit of the authors they repro- duce. 3 Mr. Boucrcavnr has a grent deal to say about the influence of newspaper criticism on the drama, and to this cause moro than to any other he attributes its decay. He says without compunction that the news- paper critic ‘tis, and always has been, in- capable of discharging the functions” of the old critical band, while in another breath he maintains that the men of the highest liter- ary prominence are recruited for the ranks of the press. If anything Mr. Bovcrcauur might say on nsubject of this kind could possess weight, it might be worth the while to place in parallei columns his condemna- tion of newspaper oriticism and his lament over the decline of literature. But the pub- lic expects only the rankest inconsistencies from him, and to point them out would be to insult the intelligence of his readers. We. aré glad, however, to quote such sentiments os these: As the newspaper press has prospered, #0 in pro- Portion have the poet, the ‘novelist, and the dramatist disappented. In the commencement of this centnry, the list of authors headed by Brnos, Sueter, Moore, Scorr, Conmax, SHERIDAN, Butwer, and Kxowzes formed buta few of the phalanx. Where are their compecrs of this period? They are private soldiers in the ranks of the press. Not to speak of the contempt for rhetoric which Mr, Boucrcavur exhibits when he speaks of ‘‘a galaxy” as “a few of a phalanx,” and their “ compeers” as ‘private soldiers,” it may be pertinent to inquire whether he has made out any caseagainst the press. If the newspapers have sbsorbed all the literary talent of ‘the period, they must. be the best qualified to discharge the fune- tions of criticism. It is nonsenso for Mr. Bovercauur to maiutain-that the howling mobs that judged plays in olden times wero more intelligent critics than the gentlemen who at presont discharge similar duties. ‘The whole history of the drama teaches that criticism has always been, as it always must be, characterized by malevolence, ignorance, spite, and prejndice, as well as by wide information, accurate judgment, and a gen- erous disposition. Critics are weak and fallible as well as dramatists, or actors, or painters, or poets. The class cannot be , described in one phrase; and Mr. Bovct- OAULT, it seems, cannot describe it fairly in ten pages of a big review. REINFORCING THE EVOLUTIONISTS. ‘The address of Prof. ALLEN ‘'uowpson at Plymouth before the British Association for the Advancement of Science on the snbject of Embrfology is receiving wide attention on both sides of the Atlantic. The. Evolution- ists are delighted. “I consider it impossi- ble,” says Prof. xomrson, “for any one to havo been a faithful student of embryology without at the-same time becoming an evo- lutionist.” The facts advanced by him, as well as the inferences drawn from them, furnish abundant snpport for the Evolution theory, and serve to explain why it has made such rapid strides. Scarcely a generation ago the doctrine was held in disrepute. Merely to allude to it with respect was to invite the suspicion of ortho- dox people. Even within ten years learned divines have spoken contemptuously of the Development hypothesis as an invention of ** infidels.” Young men who have espoused it have been made the subjects of remon- strances and prayers, aud old men havo been held up to contumely and reproach as cor- ruptors of the youth. All this is now changed. No man with any pretensions to Jearning now treats the Development hypoth- esis in tho frivolous manner once s0 com- mon. Those who reject it do so in a cau- tious and dignified way, and its ablest oppo- nents are found in the ranks of those who accept parts of it as incontrovertible, in order the better to demolish the remainder. Christianity is adapting itself to the Evolu- tion theory much es it did to the Copernican theory; and the defenders of the faith once delivered to the saints are surprised to find that no perceptible shock has been caused by the concessions thus far made. Prof. Tuosrsox touches lightly on the variation of species and the much-vexed question of spontaneous generation. In re- spect to the latter subject, he is found, as might be expected, on the side of Prof. Hoxzey and the ablest biologists of the day in denying the existence of any evidence in itsfavor. It will be observed that neither Prof. Tuoxrpson nor Prof. Huxner denies the possibility of spontaneous gencration. They merely assert that not a shadow of evidence haa yet been adduced inits favor. Their position with reference to this contro- versy is high testigny to their candor; for, asthe London Atheneum remarks, spon- taneous generation is precisely the one thing which the evolutionist wants to complete his system. Prof. Taomeson dwells at some length on the origin of the lower forms of life, and then considers the development of new beings in the higher groups of the organic world. Heexplains,as a typical example, how en ordinary flowering plant is preduced. We are indebted to the London «Atheneum for a condesation of his remarks 7 To effect reproduction it is generally necessary that two distinct kinds of structural clements, or calls, shoud be brought into contact. In the cen- tral organ, or pistil, of a common flower, there isa cavity containing orules, within which are little masses of protoplasm, or primitive organic mat- ter. In another organ, the stamen, cither in the same or in a different flower, there fs a development of that fine yellow dust called pollen. When this dust falls upon the sticky sur- fact of the stigina, the tittle grains of pollen send out minute tubes which pass downwards and ulti- imately reach the ovule; they then enter through a tiny aperture, and thus find their way to the in- closed embryo-sac, when a minute portion of the substance contained in the pollen-tubes enters the eac, and by its fertilizing power scts up in the ger- minal vesicle that scrics of changes which results in the formation of. the embryo or infant plaut. Neither the pollen nor the germinal vesicle can by itself develop into plant; but when they are bronght together, under favorable conditions, the result is the production of a new individual. And the same law, requiring the union of two distinct elements, rules among moat members of the vegetable kingdom. ‘The next step in the study of Embryology is the consideration of the developmeut of auimal life. Some, of the lower forms of animals have been grouped by naturalists under the head of Protozou. With the excep- tion of these, all au:mals take their origin from anegg. The egg is divided into three, or four, distinct parts: the cell-wall, or shell; the yelk, or cilellus; the germinal vesicle ; and the nucleolus. The last is not always visible even under the most: powerfal microscope. Every eggis, in the language of embryology, acell. The average diome- ter of the egg in mammals is not more than tho one hundred and fiftieth part of aninch, while its weight is an inconsiderable fraction of a grain. The whole mammalian series, ranging from the mouse to tho elephant and includ- ing man, is developed from eggs of this description. The yelk of a fowl’s egg is equal in bulk to about 3,000,000 mammalian “eggs. Having traced separately the development of vegetable and of animal life,-it remains for the student to discover the relations existing between the lowest forms of each. Ithas been found that they pass into each other by gradations almost imperceptible, so that there are forms of life which naturalists have been puzzled to call either animal or vegetable. Until recently it was supposed that the distinction between the two great groups of vertebrate and invert®- brate animals was more clearly marked than that between animals and vegetables in the lowest forms; but a Russian naturalist, some ten years ago, discovered'a group intermedi- ary between the vertebrates and the inverte- brates, which he called the ascidians. This discovery established a close and unbroken ‘connection between all the forms of life, the vertebrates passing into the invertebrates over the bridge afforded by the ascidians, and the invertebrates vanishing by al- most imperceptible degrees in the vege- table kingdom. ‘Prof. Txoseson remarks that the discovery of tho Russian naturalist, by means of which this connection was es- tablished, ‘‘ produced a change little short of revolntionary in embryological and zoolog- ical views.” At this point lies all the law and the prophets, so far as the Development Theory is concerned... The statement that all forms of life are bound together by indis- soluble ties prepares the way for the con- clusion that ‘*The embryonic development of an animal is, toa great extent, a repeti- tion of the ancestral history of the race which it represents, this history being read, though imperfectly, in the rocks”; and this statement in ture Jeads the way to the fun- damental proposition that all forms of life have been developed from a few elementary germs. According to a Russian military paper— the Vedomasti—printed at St. Petersburg, the Government, in its recent call for troops, only summoned a small portion of the re- serves. It says: To determine what proportion of the militiamen will now he required for the regular army, let, us {arn to the military statistics of the year 1876, Out of 677.000 youths of 21 yeara, 192, 000 were taken forthe service, 43,000 were declared unfit for serv- ice, and 6,000 were taken on trial. Of the remaining 000, we may consider about 350,000. as fit for service, Assuming that the two preceding years save as many, we find that the number of militia- men of the firat category cannot be Jess than million, The majority of them belonged to the number of those who are privileged, for the privi- leged have always composed about half of the 21 years old recruits. As only 185,000 men.are now called out, it follows that only 2 fifth part of the militiamen enter the ranks, while more than S00, - 000 remain to be called ont, if necessary. The State has, therefore, made by no means the full effort foreseen by the Jaw. it is spperent from these figures that Russia, with her enormons population and resources, can only be restricted in the in- crense of her armies by the extent of her financial fesonrces. If her‘finances were at all equivalent to her population, she would be the mightiest military Power in the world. A French statistician has been compnting the number of human beings killed in war during the present century. He hag selected for his estimates the wars of the French Empire from 1801 to 1815 ; the Spanish wars of 1809 and 1810; our war of 1812; the Greek war of 1922; the civil wars of Spain since 1823; the Russo-Turkish war of 1628; the French invasion of Algiers; the Franco- Belgie war against Holland; the Polish in- surrections; the wars between Menexer Att ond the Sultan, and of the Swiss Sonder- bund; our war with Mexico; the revolu- tions of 1848; the war between Italy and Austria; the Crimean war; the Indian mu- tiny; the French expedition to Syria; the Franco-Italian war of 1859; our Civil War; the Danish war; the Paraguayan war; the Trench invasion: of Mexico; the Anstro- Prussian war of: 1866; the Cuban insurrec- tion; the Franco-German war of 1870; and the present Iusso-Turkish war, and he finds that 200,000,000 men have been the victims of these struggles,—a grim resnlt that ought to satisfy the most ardent Mal- thusien. THE LONDON WATER-SUPPLY. There are in London close upon 4,000,000 human beings, and the problem how this vast population can be supplied with water is tull of difficulties. A paper on this sudjéct was read in the section of EconomicScience and Statistics of the British Association for the Advancement of Science at the recent Plymouth session. The conditions of a water-supply in any city ought to be, first, a sufficient quantity; second, a good. quality; third, a high pressure; and, fourth, accessibility, so that the expense of the service may be brought within moderate limits. The present water-supply of London meets only the first and last of these conditions. Its impurity unfits it for use for drinking purposes, and the .pressure is not high cnough to secure the cfliciency of the Fire Department. The supply is provided by eizht companies, which have an aggregate capital of £11,19,000, a gross income of £1,137,000, and a net income of £705,709, giv- ing: a rate of interest on all the capital em- ployed of proximately 6.3 per cent. ‘he water is taken from the River Lea, and from the Thames above Teddington Weir. Its impurity has been attested by many chem- ists, and misht be expected from the fact that the streams from which it is drawn drain a richly-manured country and many populous towns above London. The pressure will not afford on the average more than 2,000 per gallon at any fire, and this at the street level, where fire-engines will be required. “ But there can be no question,” says the report, “that to insure the prompt extinction of fires it wonld be in the highest degree desirable to be able to supply an cficctive jet from the water-main, without the intervention of an en- gine.”? The remeds for the deficiencies is outlined in the scientific paper already alluded to, which was drawn up at the request of the Metropoli- tun Board of Works, and has been approved by such an eminent authority asthe London Times. The plan is to. have a double-service,— one to furnish water for drinking. and for the extinction of fires, and the other to supply water for washing, street-clean- ing, and miscellaneous purposes. The compa- nies now in existence would be charged with the latter work, while the corporation would under- take the former. The new supply would be taken from the vast stores which lie unused in. thechalk formations fifteen or twenty miles distant from London. It is estimated that 16,000,000 gallons a day might be drawn from this source. The daily average quantity now used in London is 120,000,000, but itis believed not more than 8,000,000 gallons are used for arinking and culinary purposes. The plan con- templates the building of reservoirs on the high ground to the north and south of London ata height of 400 fect above the level. These reser- yoirs would he supplied by pumping engines drawing their supply of spring water at dis- tances of .from cight to fifteen miles be- yond the reservoirs. The reservoirs would be united by large.arterial mains traversing Lon- don from north to south. Service pipes would take the water into the houses, delivering it into a close vessel having a draw-olf tap, and containing, according to the size of the house, from three totengallons, and filling upgradually after having been emptied. The annual cost of the plan proposed is thus stated: Interest at 3YZ per cent on £5,500,000, £192,500; working expenses for pumning and management, £32,- 500: total, £225,000. This would be equal to about 244d in the pound on the ratabie value of the metropolis. It is estimated, on the other hand, that the expense of buying up the pziv- ileges of the present companies anil adding the pumping facilities required for fire purposes would be £26,000,000, and the annual running expenses £1,612,250, equal to about 16344 in the pound on the ratable value. The advantages of the new scheme are appar- ent, but it is open to serious objections, one of which the London Times has noticea. The sup- ply of 16,000,000 gallons daily will not be suffl- cient when the wants of the country about the chalk-beds increase, as they promise to do, and their supplies are taken from this eource. It may be doubted also whether the average householder can be depended on to, save the chalk-bed water only for drinking and cooking. On the other hand, the adoption of the plan would remove at once all difficulties as to the existing companics, and would furnish a supply for the extinction of fires under an enormous pressure, so that the reduction in rates of in- surance might in a short time cover the ex- penses of the alterations. It is understood that householders would always have the choice whether they should use the turbid Thames wa- terorthe pure water from the chalk-beds, or oth. ———__ ‘fhe Brooklyn Eagle's lamentations over the moral and commercial degradation and down- fall of Chicago do equal honor to its absence of head and heart. Tuz Trmong might be tempted to reply tothem but for the fact tnat the Eagle is taking a massive interest in the Democratic State Convention in New York. The last time the Brooklyn Zagle’s editor went to the Democratic State Convention at the head of the Kings Coanty delegation he was thrown overboard by the State Committee for being. a salary-grabber. We do not care to embarrass him at this moment, but so soon as he has got. home safely we shall be glad to compare: Chi- cago’s social, political, and commercial morality with that of the city of Bezcner, Journy and the deaconal devourers of the estate gf their widowed sisters-in-law and brothers fatherless children. —[—>___ Thereis a law in Missouri which provides th, when a criminal will swear that a Judge, “prejudiced,” the Bar of the Circuit shail, authorized to elect a special Judge to try the case. The Richland train-robbers are taki advantace of this act, and, Laving employeq” eight influential lawyers of the Circuit, are noy prepared for the election. The Glube-Denicery thinks that “It is just sach lezislation aos thi which encourages, and to a certain extent just. fies, lynching.” According toa paper which cannot tell alte: Bricuam Youno’s death was directly attributable to his partaking of corn inagreen condition How many more fatal lessons are needed to im. press upon the great American mind the dan. gers of green corn? If Batcuas had only hag the common-sense to take his corn ina ms. tured condition, and out of a jug, there wonlg have been seventeen fewer disconsolate widows and forty-six Jess tearful orphaos in this Cen. tennial year. : : An infuriated lunatic, through a very natural association of lack of ideas, wandered into the Inter-Ocean office a few days ago, and gaye symptoms of having a violent fit. The editor Jooked around for a paper-weight, or a spittvon, or some other ponderous article, to defend him. self with, but not finding any caught up acomis paragraph he had just finished and hurled it at the intruder, dashing out what passed for his brains. ees SPENCER’s certificate of membership in the Y.M. C. A. advises, “Endeavor to connect yourself with one of the Committees, and en- gage heartily in the work so fur as your daties to your church will permit.” There is a loud demand upon Mr. Spencer to connect himself with the Creditors’ Committee; but his duty to his neck obviously prevents. ———————— In another column of to-day’s issue appears an excellent original pocm by Mr. Jonyx Mc- Govzrs, a prominent journalist of this city and arising young poet. He has sclected for his subject a prophesy of Spencer’s fate, and the manner in which he permits his verse to inter- pret lis meaning betrays the hand of a master. ————— Cuawronp probably ket = livery-scable tn Tennes- see; hence ‘Ussmax Pasha.—Times of yesterday. OsMan Pasha was a Tenncesee Cavalry-Generalin the War for the Union; hence the name “Os—aay, you see. —Graphic of Thursday. i It looks as if ir. Storey exhausted his in- tegrity when he credited one stolen war-dis- patch to the New York J/erald. SS A subscriber to the New York Sun wrote to it a few days ago to ask if it could furnish hin with a back number of the paper; it was pup- lished, he said, within the last six months, ana had an article in it calling Hares a fraud. $e The New York Sun ig still harping on Jos Bravuey, and the brand of fraud, and things, it is our impression that, as the Iowa girl said about the fish-balls, there is something dead in that doughcut. _—— As we contemplate the history of Srrma Bout, A. B., the reflection will arise that it would be better hereafter to send cadets to St. John’s College instead of West Point. i it is stated that Spencrris living in Montreal under the name of ALLEN,—a touching tribute tothe man who taught him how to runas#- ings bank op the absorption plan. $$ The Czar observes that’ he has heard bad news from Lom, and his officers, a3 they think of the Beautiful Blue Danube, hum sadly, “Shall we gather at the river?” There is every reason to infer from the num- ber of souls he has sent to [eaven, that Sittisa Box, A. B., was educated at St. John’s College for a Doctor of Divinity. — — Applications for the Assigneeship of the State Savings are pigeon-holed. Thé Committee are’ suited with their Tartor. Col. Tartor discovers that the only way to give each depositor his pound of flesh will be to cut up Long Jony. <= Long Jonx will spend to-day fizuring the in- terest uf cach depositor im six grains of carbon- ate of soda. 3 —— es PERSONAL, ‘The death of Thiers leaves a vacancy in the French Academy, and it is preeumed the Dac d’Audifirct Pasquier will again, bea candidate for election. Henry Holt & Co. have in préparation” “Egypt,” by J. C. McCoan. 8 companion volume in interest with Wallace's *‘Ruasia” and Baker's ““Turkey,” publisned by the eame house. E. L. Davenport's favorite part was Othello, because that character always has the sympathy of the audience. Str Giles, 1n which he made his de- but at Wallack’s, was perhaps as successful a part as any he piayed. Cal. Eads has no intention of bridging the Bosphoras. He drew up plans of such o bridge three years ago at the request of the Turkieh Gor- ernment, but the matter never proceeded farther, and was long since dropped. Richardson, of the Independent, and Hab- bderton, of the Christian. Union, have turned their attention to play-writing, and the Literary World Teniarks: ‘*Of course, when our religions editors take to writing the plays, we may all go to the theatre.” Sarah Bernhardt, the French tragic actress, hasher statue of Medea ready for the salon of 1878. She will also show a bust of ‘tan cmincat French statesman.” Mile. Bernhardt works in male costume. Her latest hobby is the collection of a gallery of relics of Rachel. Madame MacMahon is said to be fond of aping the ways of Royalty, and she recently went into mourning fora little old German Duke. {t is thought that the President's wife is, indeed, the President, and that she baa exertet no little infla- ence in shaping the course of the Administration party in France of late. A correspondent of the London Times en- tersa vigorous protest against the proposed placing of the Cleopatra obelisk in Parliament Square. . It would there be surrounded by lofty buildings, and - its main effect would be destroyed. The proper place for it, inthe opinion of the correspondent, is in front of the British Maseam. The Pilgrim Society of Massachusetts some years since received a gift of $32,300, by means of which it was enabled to complete the ststue of ‘*Faith.” The name of the donor has remained a secret from that day to this, but is now disclosed by the Saturday Erening Gazette, which mentions the Hon. Oliver Ames as the man. John Taylor Johnston sank his fortune of $1,000, 000 in two years by investing it all in New Jersey Central stock. ** Never before,” remarks the Philadelphia Press, ‘*has a million been 50 rapidly thrown away bya man who had no bad habits, and was making every honest effort to in- crease his wealth."” Mr. Gladstone, Max Muller, Alexander Bain, Profs. Whitney and Marsh, and a boss of other eminent: scholars, are nrzing alphabetic re- form, and there seems to be some reason for en- conragement to those who desire that sacha reform should be effected. The Boston Jerald remarks that one potent force which may yet break down ‘the greatest barrier to knowledse—onr sbaurd or- thography—is the demand of our immense German popnlation for a simplitication of spelling. Isanc Pride, the English collier who be- came famous by his effortato rescue a number of his companions, has ‘written a simple letter of acknowledgment tothe newspapers. He thanks her Majesty the Queen for the first-class Albert medal which Lord Aberdare was commissioned to present; Maj. Dancan for presenting him with the medal of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem: the Lord Mayor and the eubscribers to the Mansion House Fund, and others, for the money he recesved. from them; and the members of Parliament for their kindness in preeenting him with a watch and chain. ‘*I wish to ay.” he writes in concinsion, **that am very proud of the rewards that I have received; and little did I think the public would take ns much interest in itas they did when were working to rescuc the men.”*