Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, August 23, 1877, Page 4

5.l THE CIIICAGO TRIBUNL: THURSDAY, AUGUST 23, 1877. —_—— . wns the propasition looking to the adoption ¢ = — The Tribyne, TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. DY MAIL~—IR ADVARCE—POSTAGE FREPAID, Dally Fdition, one year 812.00 y kY Farteof Ayear, per niont ran four weeka {01 Literary and B B outte Sheet g0 Aatarday Editlon, 2,000 - Werkly, one year, “.90 P'arts of a year, per mont| D0 WERRLY EDITION, POSTPAID. YRR L b el 8,123 o T | Clnhof twenf 20.1 Epecimen coples sent fece, To prevent deiay and mistakes, be aure and give Post. Otice address In fall, Including State and Connty. Lemittances inay be made either by draft, express, Tost-Ofec order, o in registered letters ot our risk. TERMS TO CITY SURSCRIDERS, Daily, defivered, Bunday oxcented, 23 centa per week. Datly, delivercd, Sunday incinded, 20 cents per weck. Address THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Corner Madlson and Dearborn-sts.. Chicago, Ill. Orders for the dellvery of Tig TAINCNE st Fvanston, Fnglewood, sud Hyde Park left In the couating-room will recelve promipt attentlo Madion street. between iate and Dearborn. *fer- nphine.” Mcadames Meek, Maye, Price, ete.; Mesars. ‘Wheelock, Hamlton, I'earson, cte. Tlooley’s Theatre. Tandolph atrect, hetween Clark and LaSalle, En- gegement of tho Unlon-Square Company, **Paul Grondet.” Mesdames Iight, Meron, ctc.s Messra, O'Nell, Parseile, cte, Adeintl Thentres Monroe strect. coruer of Dearborn, **The Leng Strike.” My Sylvester, etc.t Mesrs. Stoddart, Dlals- dell, vie. Cottan's Opera.flouse. Monroe street, near State. Vaudeville and ** Roving CHICAGO MARKET SUMMARY. ,I The Chicazo produce marketa were frregniar tendny. Mess pork closcd wer, at $12,30@12.32% for 51238544 for October, Lard lawer, nt $4.15 for Septem- and $9.17:34(8.20 for October. . Meats tame, at 4%c for looso shoulders and 1ie for do shoet ribs, Lake freights were less active anid ensy, ot 4¢ for corn to Buflalo, High- wines were rteady, ot $1,00 pergallon. Flour was closed ti¢ lower, ot September, Corn September Ti5@0e per brl September and §122, i Onts closed Sic ye firatar, at 0, Cattlo were quivt and un- A, with at §4.506¢5.70. Sheep wery nominal. One hundred dollars in gold would buy §104.75 i greenbacks ot the close, Greenbacks ot the New York Stock ‘Ex- change yesterdny closed at 953, 'Thero are dikcournging reports of Sonator Montox's condition. Auother consultation of physiciany wos held yesterday, nlter which he was lower than before, and grave doubts are now entertained of his recovery. Thereis certainly one county in tho State of Muino determined to declare its indopend. ence of the Buatye faction. The Iancock County Republicans yesterdny, in conven- tion nssembled, spoke in the most un- equivocal terms, indorsing the President’s policy in the heartiest manner, A fow riotcus spirits hover aronnd the wines of Penusylvania, projecting and cxe- cuting strikes that don’t amount to much, A fow miners in tho Westmoreland and the Pennsylvania Coal «Company's . works have been induced to court starvation, but thero is nothing general, aud the danger appears to Liave passed. A Turkish dispateh from Shumla reports that the Ottonn forces mnde A successful attack upon the Russion works at Shipka, and succeeded in driving the Muscovites ont of the pass. 'I'io Russian dispatch says that the nttack was repulsed. Pooplo who aro in- torested in tho matter will accept the accouut more in accordance with their sympathies. A lover of penches complains to the Mayor that, up.on purchaging a basket of o merchant on South Water street, he found n copy of the Chicago Zimes in the bottom, upon which was n layer of rotten peaches sup- porting o surface of passably good fiult, Thé complnint is, that tho peaches were ruined by coutnct with the paper. The police authori- ties are instructed to look into the matter. Excecding great foy reigned in Keokuk yesterday over tho opening of the eaual orouud the Des Moines Rapids at that point. Jmmense crowds nasembled to seo two boats tocked through, aud the orators of the ocension uroso to the necessitics of such n refreshing season, Amoug tho other mercies for which thouks wero expressed way the foilura of the stewner bearing 8t. Louls ex. cursionists to overcoma a most providential bar that foterposed between it oud the Sentivities heyond The belligeren nbit which Spanish cruisers on the const of Cuba have con- treeted of Into is not only becoming dlis ngrecable to American merchant veasels whicl Luppen to bo ssiling in that quarter, but hay sugyested to tho nuthorities at Waslington the neeessity of making o thorough investi- gution into the mnny complaints Teceutly lodged with our Government. This sort of target practico will hardly pay as a vegulnr busincss, when wo take into consideration the disastrous effect such outrages, if un. punished, will havo upon our commercial interests in Cubon waters, After wnny delays and cousiderable dis- eussion, the contributors to ‘Fuz Tniouns's Iomy department have deternmned upon a convention, in order to bring together the varioud elements that constituto this popular department, for a caln cousideration of the bearing of digestion upon the progress of civilization. Tho ladies of The Homo num- ber among them some of the brightest lights of literature and cookery to be found in the ‘Westarn country, and there is every reason to expect that tho interchange of views which tho convention will involve will ac- cowplish much toward the amelioration of the sufferings of mankind, Bya vote of 20 to 0 the National Board of "I'rads yesterday sent forth its protest against the unwise sud injurious laws which have effectually obliterated the pretensions of the United Btates to be considered a maritimo nation, and dewanded for American mer- chants and importers the privilege of buying whips wherover they can be bought tho cheapest, and of rogistering and sailivpg such vessels under tho American flag. Of courso Philadelphia fought the proposition, aud Trenton, N, J., aud Portland, Ore., where foeblo efforis at ship-building are spasmodically made, trailed slong in the wake of the bigger craft. The ‘Weat, however, was solid for fres tonnage, and aided the great cocan ports in giving the resolutions ore than the requisite two-thirds msjority. Among other im- portant questions passod upon yesterday of n slandard weight of tho bushel through- out the United States; n request to the President to rccommend {o Congress the crention of n Commission for the purpose of mnking a thorough rovision of the {ariff mtes; and the adoption of a memorial to Congress for the removal of the present unjust digerimination against the West in the matter of direct importation. The conferenco between tho city officials and the Senato Committee nppointed to hunt up the Canal Redemption Fund was producs tive of a general interchange of views, and promises eventnnlly to bring about a satisfac- tory understanding. The Commiiteo con- tended stubbornly for an acknowledgment on the part of tho city that the money which is not in the City-Hall Fund onght to be thére, and that the city admits the obligation to re. imburse the fnnd. In this they were mod- erately successfal, though unable to impress the Comptroller as firmly as they had hoped with tho correctness of their position, that the fund ought never to have been deploted in the manner it hins been, Fort Wayno is mnpofling itself over a genuine mystery. A small boy wns slot dead at a httle distance from the town, and: Lis brother said a tramp had done it. The tramp was caught in the pastoral act of steal- ing a cow, but, when confronted with the boy, thio latter withdrew tho chinrge and confessed that ko did it himself, though claiming that it was accidental. Upon this the tramp was relensed to conclude his ncgotiations with tho cow, whereat great doubt of tho truth of the boy's confession sprung up, mingled with profano expressions of regrot that the tramp had not been hung up on suspicion, A Coroner’s jury is busy at tho case, with a prospect of still further complications, The Pennsylvan mocrats think they have found their opportunity, and have scized upon it with tho eagerness which chnractorizestho action of the half-starved dog witen ho finds n bonenfter long fasting. They make the recent lnbor troubles the handle which they think by a vigorous flourish wiil convert the dissatisfied loboring men into true-blue diseiples of Democracy. More thon oue-third of their platform is de- voted to the sufferings of the Inboring classos and the encronchments of capl- tal. To bo consistent they wonld have no increase of thé army, nlthough thoe army was tho salvation of their property during tho lato unpleasauntucss. Their State Convention, after much wrangling, has de- cided in favor of n double currency, with greenbacks at the top. ‘The President, in his tour through Now Eugland, is making hosts of friends. 'Tho masses of the peoplo in city, town, and vil. Iago pour out and warmly weleome him, Tho simple and unostentntious stylo of bhis journey, nnd Lis plain, frank, earnest man- ner, commend him to the old-fashioned peo- ple whom he mests. It is a cheering sign that the politicians are nstonishied, and al. rendy .acknowledge that Lo .is vastly more popular than they had sup- posed. It ds wmot difienlt to e count for this genuine' popular outburst of enthusinsm. The people are not poli- ticlans and don't go to conventions. It i only the implacables who aitend them and seek to run the machine. The people are in sympathy with Civil-Service reform, and thereforo in sympathy with the Presidont, who is naking a vigorons effort to emry it out and to purify the offices, The implaca- bles aro tho men who are in dauger of losing offices, and therefore oppose the President and his policy. But for every Republican who hns become disgruntled, scores of rank- oud-file Democrats have come to his support. His splendid recoption in New England shows that tho mnasses of the peoplo, frro- spective of party, are indorsing hiy courso, and aro determined to give him a cordial sup- port in his fight with corruption. The honest Presidont bos his warmest frionds among the honest masses of tho people. A siguificant advertisoment appeared in Tue Tniuxe yesterday in the form of o notification from the Goneral Freight Agent of tho Pennsylvania Road to parties having cloiins for goods destroyed by the mob nt Pittaburg to put their claims into the hands of the ottorneys of the Company and thoy will bo presented to tho authorities of Alleghony County witliout expense to the claimant, the county being responsible for tholosxes, This is ouc of tha first fruits of mob violence aud Communistic teachings. All the fruits have not been gathiored yot. Asnrulo, in cases of this kind, capital and labor have to shave equally, ‘Tho losscs oc- casioned by the Pittsburg mob foot up about #0,000,000. Onc-lalf of this amount must Lo reimbursed by the capitalists who stood by and did nothing to stop ihe depredations of tho mob, sud onc-half by the laboring men who were dircetly or indirectly rospon- siblo for burning aud destroying proporty, This {8 tho punishment that follows deflance of law and iuterferenco with the righta of others, Onc-half the lossca occasioned by the workingmen in Al legheny County must como out of their pockots. ‘They have not even the consoling refleetion that their dostruction of property will bring thom plenty of work in restoring it; 09 the Communists told them, The Com- pavy will not build as it did before, It will cconomizo in every direction, 'These men are uow reaping the fruits of their own sow- ing. It will be well if it teaches them a los- son for tho future, — Tho prescnt attitudo of the Russian army in Bulgaria does not bode well for the Turks, Had the latter followed up the immenso ad- vantages thoy goined at Plevna, "Firnovs, and Eski-SBaglra in Europe, and at Delibaba and Zewin iu Asia, they might have overwhelmed the Russians, driven them back futo Rou. mania, and at least carried the war over into another year. Over threa wecksbave clapaed, however, and the Turks have niaintained o position of masterly lunctivity, giving the Russiaus time to rcorganize their scattered forces and recover from tho unexpected shock.” They have perfocted their lines of communication aund increased thelr supplies. Reinforcements are pouring down to tho Danubo in hot haste. The Nations! Guard and tho Landwehr have begn called out, The Turks bave concentrated thelr forces, but the Russians have both concentrated and increased their forces. They have quickly learned the lesson of the disaster at Plevna. They have seen the folly of attack- ing an enemy bolund intrenchuionts, equally well if not better armed than themselves, andin equal if not superior numbers, and ovidently discovered that, all other things being equal, Providence is on the side of the heaviest cannon, “The two armles are now coucentrated in such close proximity that collision cannot be averted much longer, 1t it be true that tho Hussian cavalry has sov- ered Osatax Pasha's comumunications and in- terrupted his supplics, and that the Russian force outnumbers the Turkish, the probabili- ties are in favor of Russinn success. If they do not pucceed thia time, then it is evident there is something the matter with Russian Genernlship, From the action of tha County Committes on Puablic Buildinga and Servico it is evi- dent that the Wanxgs “oxtra” grab i not dead yet, At ameoting of tho Committea yosterday it waa agreed by a mnjority of one to recommend that the naction of the Board, refusing Warxer moro than Eaan certified to, e rescinded, upon which the Ring will bring a strong pressuro to bear uipon their §02,000 report, and an effort will be mnde to forco it through. At the meeting of the Board which smashed tho endeavor of the Ring to carry Warken npon its shoulders the vote atood: For WaLrREn—Canrownt, CoNe LY, Bemupr, McCarrney, Hotbew, and Arars—6, For the Public—Brapizr, Creany, Frrzoerarp, Hormany, Lrxzew, Muozroy, and SexNE—7. Arams voted with tho Ring, not through any sympathy, but beeauso he was opposed to any allowauce, If the anti-Ring Commissioners stand finn when the report recommending tho rescind- ing of the former action s presented, they will bo reinforced by Avans and tho sieal will bo benten again, Every taxpayer of Cook County is watching fhe friéndly Com. missioners, and any hesitation or faltering will be duly noted for futuro reference, THE NATIONAL-BANE CIRCULATION. There is a widespread popular prejudice ngainst the issue of currency by the National Banks, The objection is not that the bank- notes unsafo, or in danger of Leing re- pudinted or not redeomed; that was tho popular objection in former times ngainst State-Bank currency, The notes of the presont banks are 50 superabundantly scoured that they pass freely at par with greenbacks in all porta of the country, and not a dollar of this currency has been lost by bank failures under thia system, 'Tho popular objection takes thia form: that certain men combine their eapital, pur. chase bonds with it, deposit theso bonds nt Washington and recaivo 00 per cent of their faco value in bank.notes, which notes thoy hzlm, to their customers, which procoeding (is siyled to bo a loan by tho banks to tho Governmont nt interest of money which tho Government has let tho bauks have withont interest, It Is difficult to understand this logic, but it secms to proceed on the theory that the bonds owned by tho banks and doposited in Washington as security for tho redemption of their notes belong in some way to the Government, 3 We aro stating the viow taken by somo peoplo of tho operation, and on this view of the cnso resta the popular demand that this bankenote curroney be prohibited, and that the Government issue all the paper currency. ‘Tho fallacy of this reasoning is apparent to any man who will ascertain and study the facts ; nevertheless thero aro tons of thou- sands of pexsons who aro sinceroly convineed that the Government nctually pays the banks n bonus forissuing their notes; when the Gov- ernment night as readily {ssno the notes di- reetly, Tor Curcado Tomuxe docs not favor continunuce of a bank-note currency becanso of any luterest In banks or in thoso uwning them, or any affsction for thom, - The Lanks trono lunger n mosupaly, Lot ey be ar- gauized anywhore and at nuy time, ty asy perenns having the minfinum of eapital ra. Guiced. If thero wora any rieans whereby { the Government could farnish the country a sulliciancy of enrreucy which woald circainto At par with coln, and thereby adumit coin into general circulating, there would not be the slightest objeetion ta raliring the bank.note circulation. Nothing 14 more ewrtain than that u coln currency will not virculato with n paper ewrreacy, uuless the latter Yo at par, and that requires it to Ue converlitio nn Je- mand into coln, Tho tssuo of legal-tender notes was a nocessity of tho War, I was lit- erally * war-ronay”; it was an appeal to an extrenie aamre, warmatad by tho Conti- tution vnly by an overwheliming Tovossity. Tliis war-money was isaued o3 follows : By thoret of Feb, 5, 1842, $150,000,000; by the act of July 11, 1662, $150,000,(100 ; by the act of March 3, 1363, £100,000,000; to- tal war-money, £400,000,000. This last act contained a plodge that no more than §400,- 000,000 should bo fssuod, and tho same nct took from this monsy its convertibility into bonds, Afew of theso notes wero retired aftor the War, and when the panic took placo in 1873 some portion of those withdrawn wore relssued. In 1878 there were outstand. ing §354,000,000, which was increased dur- ing tho pauic to §884,000,000. Tho original limit, however, was never excoedod. Binco the War, thoe question of the power of the Government in time of peace to mako auything but gold and silver coin a legal. tonder Lias boen judiclally passed upon by the Bupreme Court, The pawer to mako the notional notes a legal-tender in payments by the Government and between individuals was aflirmed by a bare wajority of the Court, a4 a sear measure, not resulting from any di- rect power in the Conatitution, but from the right to resort to any measuro in {ime of war, mado noceasary by the public exigencics, Accordingly, thero was an unanimous opin. ion that, indopendont of tho stato of war, and in time of peace, Congresa hiad no power to mako frvedecmable greonbacks a legal. tenden in paymonts botwegn individuals, Under these clrcumstances, leavirg out of view tho obligation to withdraw the legal- tender paper issued undor tho exigencics of o war long since terminated, tho original limit of $400,000,000 for tho ssuo of grecn. backs may be said to be irrevocable, It can. not be exceedod without changing the Con. stitution. 'To prohibit bank-note circulation would therefore reduco the paper currency at the utmost to $400,000,000, We do not know that this would not be suflclont if that paper could be supplemonted by coin, which would enter inlo circulation if the greenbacks could be maintained at par with specie. Dut tkat has been repeatedly demon. slrated tobean impossibility. NoCovernwment Las ever beon able to malntain an ample cur. reucy ot par in coin, and for very*obvious rcasons, 'To put the currency at par, it must b‘aredeemnhln in coin on demand, and, it "vodeemable in coin on demand, the Govern. ment has no means whereby it can keop it in circulation, or put it out after ouco redeem- Iug it, and be prepared to redecm it agein ond again on demand, Therefore, a Gov- erumont currency to the amount of §100,- 000,000, or any sum of such magoitade, can. not be maintained at par, and, boing depre- t ciated, it will exclude the gold and silver coin from circulation. All depreciated paper is of necessity subject to fluctuation, oftén violent, selling at half a dozen rates evon in o singlo hour, To prohibit bauk-notes would be to contract the paper currency nearly one-half, and leave the other half depreciated to the exclusion of coin, letire the bank-notes and wo shall have only four hmndred millions of paper currency left, which will ba n contraction of nenrly three hundred millions, If the Government under- takes to exched the four hundred million Timit of forced or war money, it will not be received by ereditors, and the courts will up. hold their refusal. Can the conntry get along with fonr hundred millions of irre. deemable, fluctuating currency 1f thero wero no greenbacks it would be possible to have tho Lanks maintain a cur. rency equal to coin, in which case the country would have all the carrency and all the coin needed, and both circulating freely at equivalent values, We do not understand tho banks as being wery tonacious of the privilege of havings noto - circulation,—certainly not the city banks, Tho Chieago banks, for instance, show how little value they placo on circaln- tion, On the 22d of June, 1877, their statemont, ns compared with liko dates in 1876 and 1875, was as follows: capitat. Noter, Jnne, 1877, . 710,000 $1,440,030 June, 1 219,000 1,003,320 June, 1 2, u?o.w‘rl }l.i\lnlrm 2,803,400 1t will bo scon that within two yoors tho National Banks of Chicago have voluntarily surrendered one-half of their noto circula. tion. Of the fourteen banks included in this statement, . sight have reduced their eircula. tion tothe lowest sum permitted by law, viz.: £45,000 each. Mora than half thecircu- Intion {s held by twobanks. The same poliey of surrondoring their notes has been followed in nearly all the large cities, nad the reason is, that thomnote circulation, under existing taxes and restrictions, is of no profit to the banks, Sinco 1875 no less than 260,000,000 of bank-note circulntion hasbeen surrendered, though new banks havo beun organized with acirculation of $23,000,000. The latest re- port of tho Comptroller showa that, while the ontstanding notes issued to tho banks amount to £115,000,000, there ar, in fact, but $200,. 000,000 in ciroulntion, there being $23,000,- 000 locked up by the Lnnks of their own notes. It may bo that Nationnl Banks in the small towns find some profit in their circulat- ingnotes. Itcertainlyisnot thocasewith the largor banks, which are steadily withdrawing theirnotes. Thebanksof Chicago, with their present eapital, inight have n note circalation of 7,600,000, instead of which they have lesa than 31,600,000, nearly one-half of which they are compelled by law to koop, and cannot surrender without surrendering their charters, Tho popular notion that this bavk-note Wusiness is o sourco of immenso profit to the banks is an immenss delusion; nevertheless thére is . no delusion in which more ignorant faith is placed. ‘The irredeemablo legal-tender notes boing counstitutionally limited to $400,000,000 of ‘¢ war-money,” the prohibition of bank.notes would reduco the enrrency to that sum. As it is impossible to koep these notes ot par so Jong as they are irredecmablo in coin, sud coin will not circulate with irredeemablo and deprocinted paper, thercfore thers would Lappon a contraction of thoe currency which would cripple ull business, and reduco Joans aud diccounts by Lundreds of millions, It is but right to say that all the advoeates of tho prohibition of bank-notes do so on tho nsanmption that ench notes conld bo du- plicated by another fsuo of legnl-tonder groanbacks, 'This is uhown o bo legally im- possible, cven if it woro advisable. It is wgued that Wie woveraign pawer Linsabsolute wid mdusive right to 1nake the cnrrency of +o natlon. Qur Government las no such vowor, Tthas the powerto establish the danomination of coins und to fix their weight nad their degroo of fineness, nnd to placo upon coln the stamp verifying that it has theso logal qualities, It can .make . ‘coins legal-tonder, but in tine of penco it cannot make mora prom- ises to pay, whether fssued by the Govern. ment or bunks, o legal-teador in payments between tadivotunls, 8o, thervfore, tho ad- vocatss of (ho abolition of Lank paper aro ractical’y lahoring to roduco the currency of tho cauntry tu n sum which cannot be in. craaged boyond $400,000,000, aud that of o character which 1aust oxclude the circulation of coia, Butif come method could be do- vized lo muke this “war-noney” equal to nipeclo tv ho holder, 50 that tho holder could alwnys get spocio for ft, then coin would cir culato freely, and, added toythe 400,000,000 of war-notes, would furniah the couniry cnough money for its business wants, In that case, we shall join with others to have the bank-notes retired fram circulation, if it be seen that the publio iférest will thoreby bo promoted. THE FRENCH METRIC 8YSTEM, Tho adventages of tho Fronch system of woights and measures are casily stated and understood. . Tho unit is not arbitrary, but nataral, It is not derived from barloycorns, or the width of a man's thumb, as the English inch is said to bo; or from the length of n man's foot for twelve inchou; or his forearm, as in the case of the Hebrew cubit; or from the finger's broadth, the mail, tho span, or the pace for tho yard, whence havo arisen nearly all tho systoms of measurement known to tho humaon race. The metre, or unit of linear measure, is nearly one ten.millionth ‘part of a quadrant of the earth’s meridiany; the litre, or unit of capscity, is the cube o tho tenth part of a metre; and the gramme,: or unit of weight, is that weight of distilled' water which fills the cube of tho one-bun. dredth part of & wmetre, Thers is for all practical purposes but ono unit, which is n natural and mathematical one, easily re. placed if lost, nud easily comprehonded when adopted. Tho metric system is eox. panded for use by divisions and mul. tiples on the decimal system of no- tation, and in practice is simple and accurate. 1t removes kalf the terrors from arithmetic, and saves an incredible deal of labor and time in teaching. The English and American children are confused with the ounces, drachms, scruples, .pennyweights, snd grains of the ‘Troy weight, apothecary weight, and avoirdupols weight; liquid measure aud dry measurc ; and a complicat- ed system of lucar moasuve, proceeding by no regular ratio, and involving fractions oven in its simplest divigions. Thers are threo kinds of miles, two kinds of tons, aud two, difforent hundredweighta. Merely to remember the tables of weasure requires an effort, aud it is no exaggeration to say that fow, oven among educated people, can re- peat them all, or perhaps half of them, in mature years, without errors. The acquisi- tion of these facts Is no more difficult under the metric system than is the learning of our own decimal denominations of money, which every school-boy can teatify is by comparison a delight, Vo have been at some pains to state the advantages of the metnic system becausa its adoption bas been strongly urged in this country, and becauso- there is an important reservation to bo wado in the considerstion of the subject. Advocatos of the metric aystem nced to be reminded that a revolu- ‘ture plus tho carrisge to tho seaport, No tion was required to bring it into existence. The tenures of land in Franco wero swept away almost by one consent when the metric system was put in operation. It was n rmnail matter to the nobles whether their land was measured by metres or arponts if it was all to pasa ultimately into the possession of #ans-culotles. Tho new proprictors, too, wore not particular about measurements. They bad rough notions of liberly, equality, and fraternity, which drow little vigor from the past, and respected mot st il hereditary rights. Tho situation in America is different, Wao lovo established institations, recorders, titlos, nnd feos that cannot ba disturbed. Wo have an extensive and established land system, founded on sar- veysasold as the Republic. - The expense, to say nothing of the litigation, involved in o resurvey of tho American Continent, fsa” consideration of vital importance. Our land rystem Is based on the rod as a unit of mens- urcment, The section is a milo square, mensuring 320 rods on each side, A farm of o quarter of a scction—n very usual size—moasures 160 rods, or half a mile, each way, and contains 160 ncres, Thia again is divided into eighty or forty nere lots, mensuring 80 by 160 and oighty by eighty rods each way; and into ten-acre lots, which aro forty rods squave, the division finally terminating in lots of two nnd one.lnlf ncres, of twenty rods emch way, and kuown in real-estate parlance s ** ncre property,” The division from the section down is always by fours. Below acre property town lots are usnally mensured by feet and inches,—so many feet front and deep. The confasion that would arige from tho change of denominations and terms from English feot to French motres in tho cnse of city lots can be ensier imngined than described (the metre being 39 inchics and 37-100 long). Our systemof land-meas- urement has been 1 operation since tho or. ganization of our Land Dopartment throo or four gonorations ago, and the units on which it depends are co-extensive with tho Anglo- 8axon race. In Russinnlso the inch hns beon adopted as the basis of linear mensuromont, The ovarturning of so vast o systom as this, used by a raca of 100,000,000 scattered over the world, is not a matter to be undortakon hastily or inconsiderately; and thoss who elamor for the adoption of tho French motric systom, without exceptions, nded to give the subject deeper study than thoy have yet scen it to bestow upon it. ) The objections to the adoption of the met. ric system in the mensurement of lands and lots do not apply, oxcopt in compnratively slight dogree, to weights or mensures of capacity, and not to monsures of linear di- mensions which aro only for temporary pur- poses. Tho litro and ita decimal subdivisions and multiples may well tako tho placo of tho dry ond liquid 1mensures at present in use. The gramme might nlso bo substituted for tho pound without danger. Perhaps 1o inconvenlenco would arise from the use of the metro in ordinary morcantilo transnc- tions, whila tho inch, the foot, the rod, and the milo might remain 83 the units of dis- tonco and of land measurement. 'The ynrd is not used in mensuring land or tho rod in mensuring.cloth; they are seldom brought into closa rolations with eachothor. If the metra should take the place of tho yard, no disturbance of land values would ensue, nnd gront convenienos might follow n other di- rections, The French system, it i perfectly obvious, may bo ndopted safely in any trans. actions that are passing or merely tempo- rary in their naturo. But any application of it which affocts descriptions nnd metes and bounds of real estato involves an enor- mous undertaking, not to bo lightly assumed, or, once assumed, casily nccomplished. vestments. Tn vther words, tho interest on investments mado during the past hundred yenars or more aud still running must excoed tho investment of any one year, It seems sufficiently clenr that Rritish im- rofts do Inrgely exceed the exports, even if 16t so largely as nppears from the Bonrd-of- Trado reports, and that tho interest returns from foroign investments are suflicient to make good the balaneo, Onc of tho planks of the so<called Working- men's party passed at thelr meeting a few even- fugs ago reads: TentA—The repeal of all indirect tazation, and sunstitution therefor of a_system of direct taza- :l:n. propurtional to the smount of property ot in- me, Tho ** indirect taxation ! conslsts of dutles on Imported forelan goodsand excises on whisky and tobacco. From those threo sources are derlved ninc-tenths of the revenue which sup- ports the National Government. The so-called ‘ workingmen ” want to place whisky and all imports on the free list, and substitute therefor ncome taxes and direct taxes on property. Dircct taxes under our Constitution mean land taxes, and this Jand tax must belevied upon the States according to their representative population—in other wonls, in proportion to thelr number of members of Cungress. Do they suppose that the farners and planters and real-cstate owners of the Unlted States would consent to a land tax of $16¢,000,000 o year? And would the Protectionists consent to absoluta free trade and land tax? We shall say notling of the views of thosc who would be called upon to pay one hundred millions a year of fncome tax in order that liquor-diinkers and tobacvo-chewers could bave cheap whisky and clieap cavendish, The Commuuists will have to do considerable agitation Lefore they win over the farmers to the land tax. Perhaps they intend to burn them out of house, barn, aod coru-crib to bring them to rcason, as violence and {ocendiurism oppear to be two of their msans of touvinelng onponents, The Communists resolve against all Patent laws, and demand their repeal, and also for ab- solute free trade. How do they propose to tompete with uations which foster and encour- age labor-saving inventions? Au exclisuge per- tinently observes: ‘Then the so-called workingmen demand the re- peal of ull Putent laws, hut s to say, they pro- poso na luducement to that inventive gening which n machinery hasgiven the United Stutes precedence amony the tutions of the easth, and which to-day cnables her people to successtully cumpete with England 1 her own markets. ertain lines of do- mestle manufacture. 1f men are oot to be pro- tecled by potents upon tho products of thelr me- chanical fngenuily, —products some of which have Leen the lavor of yearsof thought and experimel ~then we shall soun cease to occupy the exall Pposition concedud to American ingenulty und skiil, r'atents suouid havo a Himit, und when thet expires onght not to bo renewed, ‘The policy of repealtng the Patent laws would Le suicidal, ————— ‘There 18 no more thaukless task than that of the musieal eritle. Up to a few days ugo his cfforts to please oll ‘classes have been simal fallures, and ight lmve been until the end of thme but for bim of the Cincinnatl Gazelte, who, in writlng up o concert, has braoched out in o plan which in the future will mako the eriticls- ing of muele on casy and profitable employ- ment. Hesays: ‘Tho corpa of ushers at the Iighland House con- cert Jast night performed their labors in o very wntlefactory wmanner, The good management wus due to Mesars, ¥, 8, Giryuons and BvekNe BAKER, of the Grand Opera-llouse, whohad the matier in charge. e A 8t. Louls gentleman, tired of secing New York peoplu gouged out of thelr works of nrt for the so-called 8t. Louls Exposition, writes to the World cautloning collectors of paintings agulnst *bumpkin committces.” He says of the “Exposition?: ¢ Par excellence the placo where carrots, parsnips, cubbages, rams, boars, Spanish jacks, lusty stallions, and ponderous bulls are the oppropriate features, but sssured- 1y not temples dedicated to tho stately son of Jupiter and Latonn.” ———— It hias been discovercd fu New York that the Jewlsh system of divorce is Incxpensive and altogether time-suving. A man goes to his rabbl, paye u fee, and takes his decreo with- out bothering the courts. The question fs, What aro the prosceiticd laws of the'land going to do about It§ BRITISH IMPORTS AND EXPORTE, 1If anything wore needed to show that tho prosperity of n country doos not dopend upon the ostensiblo oxcess of imports over oxports, tho feturns of tho British Board of Trado would suffics, Tho yoar 1870 was peculiar in the fluanein} listory of Grent Dritain, The imports dxceeded tho valua for nny provious year, while the exports woro less than in auy year eince 1870. Tho differcnce botweon the value of the imports nud that of tho exports amounted in round numbers to £126,000,000, This 18 & sum equal to a year's revenuo of France, national and local, In view of these figuros, thequestion arisos, & How does Groat Britain meet this enor. mous annual balance against hor?"” Tho re- ply is twofold. In tho first place, a large part of tho balance {s fictitious. The exports ara rackoned at'the highest rato and tho im- ports %t the lowest. The value of an ox- ported articlo Is estimated at London, Liver- pool, Glasgow, Belfast, and othor points of cmbarkation, and the basis of the appraise. ment is the price atthe point of manufac. ————— It 1s doubtful if there cau bo displayed a more contemptible spirit than that shown by tho ln- dianapolls Sentinel In dlscussing the health and posaiblo decease ‘of Scnator Mourow, It would be well for tho Sentinet to gulde itself temporarlly by the rulo de MonToN afl nlsl bo- num. —————— It ia clatined by the Cinclnnati Engulrer that “The speech of the Sccrutary of the ‘Freasury at Manstleld was o valuable ono to the De- mocracyy a8 §t contributed to the enllghtenment of the voters,” A specch that would do that for the Democracy Is valuable to any party, e —— 1t fs now In order for the Jnfer-Ocean to clalm that Tue Trinuxe stole its full uccount of the Pittsburg rlot, published over o mounth ago, frow the J.-0., which never heard of the aflalr unttl yesterda, N The pale afr of Indiauapolls is streaked with prophecies of a bloody conflict between the cditors of the Sentine! and the Journal, ‘Thoy appear to have found cach other out. ——— About the strongest objection of a universal adoption of cremation lics fu the cxpense that would be fovolved in gettlug away with Cuanres FRANCIS ADAMS, i sllowance is mado for the cost of transpar. PERSONAL. tation from England to the place whero the article is consumed. Coal, for instance, is cxportod at an appraked valuo of 10 ehillings a ton, while it is sold at its destination for 20 to 80 shillings, A'similar difference oc. curs in tho case of overy articlo went out of tho country, Now, the coat of transporta- tion, fucluding insurance, freight, eto., onters fnto the value of the exports; and, since tho carrying trade 18 chfefly in Dritish hands, the profit derived from it must be added to the natioual balaace. 'Tho casa of the imports is differont. They are estimated, on thelr arrival in Eugland, at thelr original value plus the cost of transpor- tation aud insurance. 'Tho rulo consequent. ly works in both ways, swelling the apparent difference between exports and fmports by each operation. Another circumstauco con- tributing to the same end is want of accu. racy in the Custom-House returns, It iy comparatively easy to ascertain the value of all unported articles, but many goods The Cincinnati Commercial says Dr, Mary Putnam Joacobl, of New York, lsat the head of the medical profession among women, ‘The Countes Lambertini, plaintiff in the Autonolll will case, lv only 22 years of sge, but already tho mother of several children, Ceorge Sand died of too wmuch’ strong coffee, and Alfred do Mussct of too much abajothe, She began with pure milk, and he began with wine. At a London auction lately a numnber of small vigoottea by Turuer brought £100 each, and 8 lundscupe drawing entitted **Coveutry " brought £1,081, The lost number of the Cutholic World bas an article eloven pages lon on the Pan-Pres- byterian Counctl, mostly devoted 1o abuse of that eminent body, Williamn Winter, the dramatio critio of the New York Zribune, returned frum Europe Sunday last. He has Lécn tho. guest in England of Mr, Jefferson, the comedian. It js now rumored that young Mr. Bennett 18 engaged to marry 8 Frenchwoman of excellont birth, 1tis said she canuot speak 3 word of En- glish, but he fs Auent in French., slip out of the country without o . A Paris letter-writer sums up the domestio tho knowledge of tho oficers. Thera | yuqcyicitice of tho Marquls aud Mucrbloncas do s wo export duty, and officers | Caupinofowwords: **1f sbe, lowcred ber dig- cannot be got to exercise a high degree of vigilanco merely for statistical purposes, THe statistics of the exports of bullion, not from England only, but from all countries, have long been notoriously innccurate, Eliminating from the apparcnt balance sgainst England oll the purely fictitious ele- ment, we still find thero is a large excess of importa over exports unaccounted for. The excess must be provided for. It is not pos- sible that any goods should come into the country without something going out of it to pay for them. This something is the money invested by the poople of Great Britain in foreign countries. It brings back annually an enormous sum in joterest, and sgainst it there is no export. Last year the account was increased by the relurn of a large capital, which bad been retired from foreign investments in consequenco of the unoasiness in the money wmarkets of the world. It is true that large sums of money go abrond every year for investmont, but the total alienated in this’ mauncr can scarcely equal the ageregato returns for previous in. nity in the end, it was bo whbo frst sct her the ex- ample,” . ¢ It seems but yesterday,” remarks the Now York 7ribune, *‘that Lydis Thompuon was prancing all over the Amerlcan stage sud horse- whippiog American editors; and yet it ls snage sluco sho frst cswe 10 us, sud threo lung yearysince sho last went away, Dr, Tye, n San Francisco Chinsman of some prominence, carries o six-sbooter snd @ bowle-knife to protect himself agsinst hoodlums. ralos this with Chinese sccount-books, which sro long and lexible, aud almost impervious tos kaulfe- thrusl. Booth's Theatre in New York is to be de- molished, ofter an existeuce of only ten years. ‘The property was bid in Ly Oskes Ames for $4C0, - 000. 'This sum, though less than half its frst coat, is morv thau its remunerative value, and hence the owner has docided to chaoge the use of the property, ' It is s0id that not a siogle miember of the Amcrican rific team has black eyes, and oaly one basbrown eyes, This fact givea support to the theory that light eyes are best fur long-range viv- gn. Tod Brlusb Leam 1s to arrive this week, and Abe match will take place o the 13th and 1ith of Sootember. f bave clupped their hands, 1naidu his shict ho wears & coat of mall, and deco-, Incidents of His Trip from Plym. outh to Concord. A Camp-Meeting Visited Talked to by the Way, and Arrival and Reception at the Now Hampshire State Capital, The President and Postmaster Key In. dulge In Lengthy Specches, Their General Theme Being the Recop. oiling Tendenoy of Renom- oiliation, Prysoutn, N, IL, Aug. 22.—With thelr de. partare this morning, President Hayes nva the Cabinet substantlally say good-by to the moun. tain scenery of the State, The trip has been [n every respect o fine one. The wenther was clear and delightful, and everywhere the best accommnodations were furnished. Al ngres that nothing that could be done was left undone, and the President and his wife expressed deep regret that they must so soon leave the hillg that surround them. At 8:43 o'clock cors wil] Le taken for Weir's, where an’' hour will b spent upon the camp-ground and in admirieg the scenery of Lake Winnlpiscozee. START FOR CONCORD, Coxconp, N. 1., Aug. 22.—The President and party left Plymouth at 8:50 this morning, tak. ing a specinl train, At Ashland o short stop was made, and the President and his wife were Introduced to the crowd by Gov. ' Presfott, and shaking of hands was partlclpated in. At Meredith Villege a stnall number had assembled, and the President nnd his wife were Introduced, shaking honds for o mowent, and departing amid cheers, AT CAMPMEETING, At Welr's 8tation; the location of the Win nipiseogee Camp-Meeting, at least 500 peoplt were together, brought there by the meeting and a desire to greet the President and party, ‘The visitors were at once taken from the train by n commitice and escorted to the preachers’ stand, whers the President was recelved, After the sioging of * America,”” the Rev. Mr Adams in an address of welcome sald: M. Pucarpexr: In behalf of the \\‘lnn*nlnen:u Camp-3ecting _Aseociotion and in behal! of the forty-five churchea In this, the Concord Disteict, [ have great pleasuro nnd honor to swelcome you to this place, representing Liere between 12,000 and 13,000 communicants. After speaking briefly on the success of the Church inthe State and country, he concluded: 1 dou't bolleve In rebellion, elther awainst Heaven or the Government of the United Etates, We do believe In reconciliation, buth with the principles of tha Bible and Coustitution of the land, We do believe In common schbols and n schuol withthe Hible fn ft. We bellevo In the obuervanceof the Eabbuth, and are glad to know that wo have a Pres. iaent who keeps it, Wo belleve In temperance, and are rejoiced to find that our Presldent is lhmwlnq s Influence agains’ wine- bibbing. We welcome you because cvery Habbath .)I'nn. ih company with your Chrls. tian wite, ina humble way, walk to the little old chureh around tho corner, Wo rejolce that thisle s0. We rejoice towee you here. " Wo wish yoa long life and blessings of wrace, mercy, and pesce, Allow me to Intreduce you to our people, sod through you the membors of your Cabdlnct. TiL® PRESIDENT'S REPLY, The Presldent replled: Frikxns ANp FriLow-Citizexs: 1wish to aswure you that thls kind welcome givea mo vory great gratlfication. We do not, 3 om sure, mistake Its weaning, You are Intereatad In me and those with me, because of the great trust which under the Constitation and tho havo upon me. You belleve with Lincoln that In the porfotmance of his dutiee the only safe rell- ance for your Magistrata {a that Divine asslstancs without which ho cannot succeed, and with which ho cannot fail, My earncet desire is, my carnest prayer is, that in every diflicult and grave cmers gency I may be so gulded that all d citlzons can approvo the measurcs that may bo adonted, and that oll may conscientiously prav for their com. lote auccevs. My fricnds, we _have threo meme raof tho Cabinet present. You will be glad to be introduced to cach. ~ First, sllow ma to’ intro- troduce o distingulshod soldier of Massachusetts, who hae a bigh " reputation as o lawyer, and [ known_ever; man, Gen. laws devolved ‘where a8 a conscientions, . upright evens. GEN, DEVENS spoke as follows: ‘Your meeting Is ons (o which yon havo resorted for the purposy of mprovement. 1 do not expect 10 improve a camp-meoting. Ilere at least there will be rejolcing at the wpect of peace and rec- oncllistion. A few years ago the church of which you are » part here reprovented, and one that hag firen up somany from the dogiua o wich {her bad falien, was torn and rent asundor by tho grest condict of arme between lberty and slavery, Uer- tainty, now that the great quostiony wvulved in that conteut are aettled, thero lo grent rouson to ro- golcn that the mombeis of the .Church Norihand outh are again united. I know that here of all places good intentions will be appreciated, and that ulthoogh it may have been sald that thu road to holl 1s paved “with good intentions, hero good intentiona will ot bo thrown aslde, aud that overy one belfuves that he wao has good fntentione, 2nd Iu governed by them, will aw assuredly find tho re- nurml doing’ right as suoke tloats upward to the . . ky. ' LO3T AND I8 FOUND." ‘The Prestdeut theu seld: It 2 not Lest for one brod to the law to attempt to quote Scriptare, but there la something like thls: **There ln more Juy over tho repenting o than overa hundred ihat have not gone astray. Wo Liave with us a friend that wan for four yoard against us, #nd more recently made the mistake of voting agalnst mo, but now, un tho question of the Integrity and waintenance of the Uniop, and en the question of freedom and equality to all mes, 50 muu te before JTDOE XEY, ‘The Postmaster-General spoke as follows? 1t would not bo expected that1 should appest here without embarrusement. 1t Is not witaoul feellngs of sadness that I viow this wcepe. [ am carriod back to wy boyhood duys, when I that fat distant South, my suuny home, [ atteuded meet fnge like thlv, forthe Methodista were found i that part of tho Union, and my father was 8o bumile miulater 1 your.Chiurcu, 1o hau beea one now ten year. ‘snd yui bave heard Low | finvu wandered. 1 will not aticmpt to auote Seript urey for 1 night fall moere mgnidcautly than (be Frestdent, but 1 have beard an old bysun ihat reade **Waile the lump bolds out to burn the vilest s ner way return.' The fuct thut Mr, peven tuywelf aro hero togethier show that tho principles of religlon have u hold fu thy Cabanet, if Bob througlioat the wholo country. Tho peuple of New Itampablre need have uo fears of the k\mplu of the South. Hoth political parties there have indorsed the Coustitution und all of its amondments, an tho peoplu bave Leen pliced by the Preeldent su iy policy on thelr goud Lebavior. 1aw sure they wlit keop their faith, 1 thank yuu sincercly foi tuis qreurln{', und 1 accont 1t not as a compliment 10 mysclf, but asa mark of the fecling vf ualiy you tiave for the peapls of the South, EECHETARY EVARTS was then introduced. He sald: Lavied AND GeaTixxsy: When the founders of thiv Government furmed it they Taid itx suspurd suro w civil nnd religlous liberty, aud inslsted 08 an eatire separation of Church snd State. “"5 were gutity of no such folly us would confoun freedow in religion with freedom from rellgioit, Tuey wanted thut thers whomid be une wat of united power, snd Lhal in the Liearts of th 9“:& 1 lc. Tney were & roligious peoplu themseives mew Do liethod by which mien could bo capabl vernment but when thoy hsd been y of guverniog themsclve 1hat, though thers were a divesuity uf K there shoald be the same suirit, Now, i iod beautiful sceue, where all thst nakes uature a. wan worthy i found, we bLave secn notbiod wunting in “the wauuldcence of our rlcvflllufl-l As o’ ave ridden_through your maguitcent ELate, wro liave scen, ay It wers, Ilh“h‘;mlh,:m:l‘l‘ll i or joy, and now hierul i Eaon jo ‘ho hlstory of this prufoundsr peoplo shows tuat tliere was never & ondet aying than, **Who bae not much meditated :ioyd -{ul nuath will ever bo naugbt but & blundering patrioland a sorry stitesmian . GOV, PRESCOTT - was then introduced, aud bo responded by 4 ;.Imduunz %lrn. Hayes, who was received Wl carty applause. )‘my]er was tlen offered by the Rev. Dr. B:-l; rows, and, amid singing, the party were ¢ corted to the cars and’ procecded op their wwl.m stopping for & moment st Lake Villsge & Laconla. AT TILTON dewb aplatform bad beeu ratsed, and the lfmé ch‘ and his Cubinet were escorted to it aud (b Prosident Introduced by Gov. Prescott. | wusie by-the baud, President Hayes said: Fuiexns axp FruLow-Cirizesy: The fve min: utes that ro sllowed to stop hero does not per mit me lo desire IL @ Your presence bere Is v 1y WL Bgree Wiih me o party of 13 rea:fl:u licy or wessures, You are futereaied to e et far as guod lutentions ko, sud so far “d b o endeuror 10 do what you would have medo. ¥ will bo custitable to tmistaked, and § bave uo dvubi. = € any. You will, however, I ean Sk Vit tho Ratio. smony all cla ludlfnlul‘ln.l&hfl'l lhl:illd be e “ld::{du b uot cr sugrlly or violeal ve, 1t fa 10 saut” deuire sad Witk (bt pukee