Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, August 20, 1877, Page 4

'THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: MON AUGUST 20, 1877 4 ~ Thye Trilbone, TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. BY MAIL—IN ADVANCE—~T'OSTAGE PREPAID, ally Editton, one sear, arh of & year, per b .00 Matied (0 pay ndirons four Kecks 1or 100 Bunday Fdltion: Literw and Toutie Kheet. .. 260 EBatnniay Edition, tws 2.0 31 Werxly, one yew age Fartaof s year, per mi B0 WEKRLY RDITION, POSTPAID, 2 11000 1568 Epecimen coptes sent free. To prevent delay and mintakes, be snre and give Poste Omce sddress in full, Including State and County, Remitionces may be made either by draft, expresy, Post-Oftice order, o tn rexlatered letters, as onr risk. TERMS TO CITY SUBSCRIDERS. Dally, delivered, Aunday excented, 25 centa per wack. Latly, delivered, Sanday foclnded, 30 cents ner weck. Addrers THE TRIBUNE COMPANT, Corner Madison and Dearboni-si, Chicago, Wl Orders for the dellvery of Tz TAtnCX& at Evanston. Englewood, and Ilyde Park left fn the Sounting-room Wil recelve prowmpt attention. MONDAY, AUGUST 29, 1877, CHICAGO MARKET BUMMARY. The Chicago prodace markets were generally sctivo and heavy Satarday. Mess pork closed 25 @30c por bri lower, at $12.30@12.32Y for Sep- tember ond $12.3214@12.%5 for October. Tard closed 37%¢ per 100 B8 lower, at $8,12% for Sep- tember or October. Meats woro casler, at 43(c for looseshoulders and Ge for do short ribs, Lake frelghts were active and firm, at 4¢ for corn to Buf- falo. Highwines were firmer, at $1,05Q1,08% per gollon. Flonr was quiet and steadler. Wheat closed 1@1tc lower, 8t 08¢ for Auguat and D2i4c for September. Corn closed 13o lower, at 41%c for August and 41%c for Septowber. Oata closed 14clower, at 2214c for August and 22%icfor Septem- ber. ltye was easier, at 52i¢e. Barlcy closed 1c 1ower, at G7%c for September, Hoga were steady at §1.50@5.90. Cattloandnheep were unchanged. One hundred dollars in gold would Lay $105.26 In Rrecnbacks at the close. At the New York Gold Exchango on Sat- urday greonbacks mied at 943G 043, Dr. Hexnr Conxeat, physician to the last NaroreoN, is dead. Iis lnst treatment of Royalty wns an operalion for calculus, fron: the effects of which tho late Emperor ex- pired. Taking advantage of Osuax Pasha's fail- ure of suppliex, Grand Duke Nicuonas has determined to invest, rather thun attack, Plovna, and, to nid the blockade, has ordered tho mobilization of two more grenadier divisions and onv of cavalry. Thero fs ot lasta chance for reform in that immaculate city, Baltimore, Dr. CriaN- crrion, Socretary of the Maryland Stato Board of IHealth, roports to the Governor that the alms institations of his bailiwick nroina deplorable condition and o disgraco to civilization, Innttendingdivino worshipat 8t. Paul's Epis- copal Church, at Windsor (Vt.), and in calling upon the son-in-law and daugliter of Secre- tary Evants, yesterday, Prosident aves hns nfforded ndditional evidence for the Demo- cratio press that ho was not daly elected, nnd that Cans Scousz was peid for his cam- Ppaign services. Another battle b for the Russians. Saturduy, n Muscovite forco nttncked tho position of ' Muxuran Pasha, whoso lines axtend from Nagarajikh to Yakinlar, snd after eloven hours of fight- ing retreated in good orler, though pursued Dy the Tarks to ita encanpment, Tho Turk- ish losa is reportgd at 165, while that of tho Ttussians is Sgured ot 1,200, It is estimated that tho reintorcements in- tonded for the Russian army before Plevna number 180,000, and that the Guard and grenadier corps will bo fn Dulgaria Ly the first week in Septembor. The Czar has com- bined tho Imperial nud army headquarters, that he may romain in person with his forces and inspire them by bis presence to greater deeds of valor during the coming confliet. The capturn of Shipkn Pass from Gen. Qounxa’s successor will uot prove un easy task, when we reftect that tho Russians hold o continuous supporting lino from that point to the town of Kustendji, on tho Black Sea. ‘This line hias besn considerably atrengthened recently, nnd the prospocts are that the Rus- s.aus proposs o rigld rosistance to any effort to wrench thoir position from thew, A small collaternl band of tho Nez Peorces, a sort of Indion side-show, is in poasession of tho Montana staro-road and hos mmumed control of the telegrnph-line, Tho stuge and the wire-repairers were turned back Satur- day, and the savages are amuslug thezaselves with tho fruits of a cheap victory. Thero aro but few bucks smong thom, the band cousisting of squaws, children, and & pum. ber of the braves wounded in the lato bat tle, Mr, JEFPRRSON, 1t Rocmy, prepared, at the time of th: yreai contested clection for Presi- dent in 1800, o memorandum of procecding in anch cases. Iu this paper he suggested thnt it be provided *‘that the cerkificate of the Executive of any State shall by conclu. sive ovidence that the requisite numbor of votes Lias been given for cach elector named by him 08 such.” Wo print the whola of this paper, and direct attontion to the com. pletencus with which it covered tho mauny quostions which distractec the country lnst winter, Bax Werreu's suorahizing upon the strange things that come to a sausage-factory may Le temporarily applied to s local papor-mill, A few days ago a purchaser of waste-paper bought some ancient manuscripts, and, upon luvestigation, was wurprised to find among them several sermons preached nearly & cen- tury ago by the Rev, Mr, Unprawoop, One of theso discourses is reproduced in another column, and, while 1t Jacks some of the sensa- tivual elements of many modern sermons, it will be fouud attractive for its sound cotn- mou sense and practical method of putting wen's sing in their true light, Ureat mystery still hangs over the sudden disappearunce of the little Rose girl, in Ne- brazka. At first it was supposnd she had been lost on tho prairie, but a thorough search by hundreds of friends failed to dis- cover hor whereabouts, aud her parents have arrived at the conclusion that sho has besn kiduapped, and is held for m yoward. MMr. Roxz has offered $1,000 for bhar retarn, but 50 fur uothiug has been heard from her, In muny of its aspects, this strongly resembles tho Cuanrer Ross case, and, with the expe- rienco of the unfortunate Germantown citi- wen before their eyes, the triends of the wisging girl are almoat distracted. Prof. Haw, in charge of the groat telescope 2t the Wasbivgton Observatary, has mado an important and remarkable asironomical dis- ocovery, His attention having been attracted to a smull star following the xed planet Mars, bo turned his attention to it, and, after two or three nights of close observation and careful calculation, ho dexpnstirates the ob- ject to bo n sntellite of the war star, nnd, Pprosscnting his investigations still farther, opened np another body which he thinks is anofher martial moon, but of the rating of which o In not yet folly satisfied. Prof. Nrweoun nid several other able astronomers have cxamined tho objects, and ngree with Prof, IaLy that the first is undonbtedly n satellite of Mars, while the second is still under consideration. enrts of ok of 01d England, agreo with the Dritish war party in its hatred for the Muscovite, is tes- tified In the particniars of n genuine riot be- tween English and Russian sailors at Homu- ra, Jopan, A discuseion between o -couple af English enilors and a num- ber of Nussians culminated in n fight, and, both parties having beon nmply rein. forced, tha engagemont beeamo gonoral. Hevoral Frenchmen participated, and for an lionr or two the villago was threatened with annihilation. Bticks and . stones wero used and dendlior wenpons drawn, but, beyond o fow broken hends and an established and Insting enmity belween the participants, no damage was effected. : e THE INDIAN FAMINE. The famine in India bids fair to becoma not only a national ealamity, but one of the great dismsters of the world. Its oxtontis immonse, involving the whole sonthorn portion of the peninsuln; jts dotails aro heartsickening. How toreliave it {3 n prob- lem so distracting that Eoglond regards it almost with despair, for it not only involves this year, but threatous to cast its baleful shadow over next year, destroying thousanda wmoro of the peoplo and using up tho surplus roventies 8o that all material progress must bo stayed. There is a bare chance-that such a catastropho may be averlod Ly the inter- position of rain, aud dispatches as late as the 16th inst. intimated that there was a little raln in some distriots, but not sufileient to allny noxiety or reduce the prices of grain. Should there be a socoud yoar of famine, bundreds of thousands must die. Of tho condition of tho people 1n thesa afilicted districts, the London Specliutor of Aug. 4 snys: In thothreateued dlatricta of that vastteact, equal to scven Englands, there live certalnly 14,000, - 000 and more probably 20,000,000 of people, nine- tentha of whom are entlrcly dependent npon the crops for subsistence, while one-third at lcast Hvo from hand to month, nevor a month befors the world, and arually In a condition which in thls country would be described as one of exteeme and dancerous destltution, Even among them there is a ‘‘restdunm,” wtill more deplorably sitvated. "There areat least 1, 000, 000 of persons in the Madras Prertdency whose whole property, Including thelr clothes, woula not In & puod year rell for 104, who nro abrolately dependent for subaistence upon minnte payments In kind or an slmost tmperceptl- ble shiare in @ small erup, and who In a year of drought, when the crop is dead and the graln wages unprocorsble, have literslly notbing but thelr walst-clothe, could not—we nec the words In their moat Jiteral and dreadfnl meanlng—keep thume scivea alive for forty-elght hours withont asslst- ance from tho State. The Lall-Mall Budget also bears witness to tho gloomy prospoct before thess poor crea- tures, as will bo reen by tho following : Already a considerable mortality haw been lald to the charge of cholera anil fever, thoughi it Iathunght by many that the inadequacy of the Government rate of relle? has boen at lcast u contributory eles meut in those lovsos, A few days azonearlya mill- fon of natives wore employed upan the reliet works 1n Madran aud Myanee, and #70,00) wero in recelpt of charitanle reliof, fn Comhav 250, 000 were em- ployed upon the works, anil 140,000 were charlta- bly relleved, Thean vast numbers, and many more who have hitheto been struggling to cxcape the neceastly of apolying for alme, have boen atripped by the toreiblo trials of the last fow months, not ouly of all their ilttle hoards, but of thelr seanty cluthing. A second—or rather a third—sesson of acarcily would fall upon thero helploss creaturcs with felghtful wevorlty, It would probably alvo wultiply the labors of the Government by crashing the more prosperous agrlenitural class, The pousibility of . rolief from the " re. sourcos of the country admits of littlo hope. In tho northenstern provinces there has been 6 moderate rafufall, and o falr harvest may bo expected. In the northwestorn and con- tral districts tho dronght continucs, bat there is titno yet for an average harvest, In Souths crn India the harvest is n failure, so that, taken as o whole, there will bo ‘n defective harvest in the most fortunate parts of In- i, and by no means that abundancs which i3 neccessary to supply the starving thou- sands—in another year it may bemilliong—of the peoplo of Southern India, Throughout the afllicted distrct—soven timos as large na England—thera {s not one navigable river apd but ono railway, and in soveral districts no railway at all. 'Thero aro oven fow roads worthy tho name. If food is sent to these dlsiricta from tho North, it.must be traus- ported in carts dreawn by bullocks, which eat uearly oll they carry, and cunnot make over twonty miles a day. By the time thoy ar- tived, if thoy over did, their loads would bo caten up ond then thoy must return. They, would uot be avallable for food, for even a starviug Hindoo would not wse such unholy dlot. The ouly clternative left is *yelief centros,” but of thuse the Speetaior sayss Let any soldier acqualnted with camps think of encampinents with UMy ihuteund souls i each,— men, women, and chitdren, —all nreiving half-fod, and liviogon half-ratlons, stationed by streams oad tanks for tho sako of water, scarcely housed, sad liviug amid troplcsl odors aod ulgsmss, and bLe at least wall recogulze all the elementa of the new diseuso which fleet struck Lord Hastisus® camps In the Pindarrco war, and has eversinco ter- rified the world as Aslatic cholora. 1t adds to the dittlculty of the problem that tho natives *“ teud to death,” as the surgeons -eay. Owiug to race peouliarities and to thoir system of laud tenure, they hava lived so closa for gencrations to actunl banger that whon fatie comes they have no power to roslstit. Their physical powars are so woak- oned as ta amount to paralysls, and their ig- noranco and kuperstition aro so denso that thoy hava 1o wory ineutal than plysical strength, When famius stares them in the {faco thoy surrender at ouce, lle down and dle, What to do is tho problen that now dis. tracts the Euglish Government. Already tho resources of the Govornment bave beon crip. pled by the famino' demand, and st i) the fawmino rages. Inhuman asitscoms ay firat sight, the English people seem to Lo seAtling down to tho conviction that thoy can do uothing. Tho Spectator sympatlives with the Anglo-Tudians who mainlain *‘that the needful cxpenditure ought not to boincurrec, that the calamity should be endured, liXe ar eartbhyuake, or o sea-wave, or an outbarst of cholera, ag a visitation from on ligh, under which man cau ouly mourn; and that the British Government of Indfa ought to afirm once for all that it is no moro respousible for tho crops or for their fuilure than §¢ would be if the consequonces of that failurc stopped short of actual death ; and the PallAfall Ludyet, in & similar straln, say Twelve years ago Anglo-Indlan Justified I regurding famloes as ex; tions, for which 0o vrovision necd bo wade in the ordinary courso of thlnge, and which when they came might be eocountered, s 8 wer has to bo cu- countered, by fgatiug them at sny cost, and wak- fog thelr exponses, s (0 88y, & charge upon cap- dtal. But the Urisex famine wes surpassed Ly the terriblo calamlty which menaced Beagsl four yerd #go, aud that lu turg secus lkely to bo ouidons by tha criate fu Soathern lndlu. 1f2 famine wust e cucountered every year, 0F every uther yesr the Tndian Government will be enzaged practically in & perpotnal warfare, and it will not do 1o frame ealenlations, of cxpenditure upon the fntangible bypothesia of & no-sible peace. 18 A DEBT TAXABLE PROPERTY! Weo have repeatedly discussed tho tax sys- tom in forco in this State, trenting it as the result of ignorance and Larbaric notions; but Mr, Davip A, Werts has eailed publie atten- tion, through the September numbor of tho Atlantic Monthly, to the fact that therois another State in the Union whero wilder no- tions on economic questions provail than even in Illinois. The factsare briefly stated: Prior to 1869, 0. W. KinrrAxp, of Woodbury, Litchfield County, Conn., loaned money through an agont, a rosidont and citizon of Illinois, on bonila seenred by doeds of trnst on roal estate in the City of Chicago. The bonds recited that they were ‘' made nndor andin all respeets to be conatrued by the laws of the State of Ilinois*; that principal and interest werao payable in Chiengo ; that all taxeswero tobe pald by the horrower; thatthe proporty might be sold. Upon thess facts ‘becoming known, the tax offlcials of Wood- bury added, in 1869, to the list of Kint. 1AND's taxable property the sum of $18,000, and in 1870 thosum of $20,000, to represent the property owned and loaned by him with- out the territory of the Htate. Payment of tax on this assessment being refused, pro- ceedings were taken to enforce it; it was henrd in an inferior court, whonce it wns re- ferred to the Bupreme Court of Errors; this Court, four out of the fivo Judges assenting, dismissod the oase: it was agamn referred to the samo Court for revision of orrors in mat- ters of constitutional law, and tho decision was affirmed sustaining the tax: then tho caso was removed to the United States Supreme Court, The dissenting membor of the Court waos Judge L. 8. FosteR, formerly Senator of tho Unitod States, Mr. Werrs discneses the quostions raised by this decision in Lis nsusl clear and com- proliensive manner. *‘Are titles and debts proporty #" and, as n matter of precedent, he asks, Whatisproperty? This question he answers thua: Property {8 always a physical actoality, with Ine hering sights or titlos, the product solely of labor, and It In always mensured in rospect to value and for cxchauge by labor. Thae, for instance, a fsh free In the ocean ls not property: but, when it ia canght {hrourh the instrumentality of labor, it bee comes property, Property, farthermore, cannot be created, except by an application of labor of some kind to material substances, which, because they aro aubstancan and fu order to be substances, mast havo both a corpu¢, or an entity, and a sifus, or a situation. # Property, thorefore, is not only always a physical actuality, but is also always **em. bodied or accumnlated labor.” It becomes endowed with the attributes and incidents of titles or evidences of just ownership or pos- session,—inchonts, legal, or equitalle,— which inhere in the property, follow it. md form o component part of it wherever found, I tho title to the farm is property, and is bold in Connecticut, then the farm, not be- ing capable of being in the twvo States, is not property in Illinois. Titles aro inheront in property, und cannot beseparated thorefrom, but aro not tho property itsalf, When wo buy a title to property wo pay for and in ef- fect buy the physical actuality or right of do- minlon over itwhich tho eredit or title reprosonts, Whon we soll tltles or crodits in excoss of or sepa- e from the embodied lnbor thoy are suppoaed to repragont, wo call the act swin. dling, and why ? Becausa the titls to prop- esty, whorn there is no physieal actuality, is ofraud and o delusion. The theory that overything is property that can be sold will hardly Lo necepted by the man who buys o titlo and finds that what it purports to rep- rosent lias no pliysical actuality. Mr. Weris thos dellnes tho relation of dobts to prop- orly: Aydrb!'h an eridence of a tronafer of property or of aervices, and an equifable right to property ilaelf or (o olher eyuitable rlghts to properiy; but the value of ndebt aa s right rests entiroly on the clr- cunimtauce that 1t {4 o yower to appropriate tho re- *ulta of cmbodicd Inbor or physicat actualitics, A delt payable in merely imaginary things would ba anfmaginary debt, Asbetweendebtorand cred- Itor, debla nra inchoate or equitablo titles, suserlor and paramount to the debtor's titles, for they will finally ntmorb by Jogal process the entlrv catalo aud interest of the debtor in the subject of tho titly, to tho extent of the monoy due, The debior usuaily hoida tho legal title to the property, with & power to acll, but ho nevertholoss alwaya liolds ftasa truste for s creditor, —that 18, subject to the equitable right or Litle of the creditorto the same property, Deble, again, are the litles o the rep- resealalices of property or of mopoy due. A warshouse recelpt given for wheat is 4 titlo to the wheat, but it 18 ot the wheat itaclf; nor Is the dabt the propatty It represcnts, Thore I 1o value in the debt except In the property which it repre. scnts, or to which It {s an cquitable title, Iu Lis opinion, Judge Fostezn sald * that property and a debt (considered as & repro- sentative of the property pledged for iis poy- mont) constitute together but ono rubjeot for the purposo of taxation. Tho tax being paid on the property without diminntion on account of tho debt, nothing remnins to be tazod. The dobt indeed, nside from tho property bohind it, aud of which it s the ropresentative, is simply worthless.” "The Connecticut Court conceded that in the case of real and iangible property tho title is not eapablo of being severed from thoe property oad toxed gwoparatoly in different jurisdic- tions, But {he debt, which was n charge ou the property, an intangible right or interest in that propaity, the Court declared existed a8 o separate property, aud was taxable in Connecticut. ! Mr., Weirs tmces the effect of the principles nfiimed by this declslon to its logical couclusions. Wo truat the papor will have a wido reyding in this tate, especinlly by politicians who affect to treat capital as an encmy of the human familf, Wae trust 1hat tho effoct of the whole system of taxa- tiou of credit or debt will be carefully observed. We hopo that every maa in Iilinols who las a mortgage on his land will read this poper aud fgurc how much he pays for the lurury of havibg na Faw that mortgages shall be taxed, There are out- standing in this State from two hundred aud Afty millions to three hundred millions of dollars of mortgages, bearing an avarago rate of 9 percent interout. Of these mortgages there are twenty-five 1nillions asssssed and taxed. But tho legul lisbility to be tazed— the fect that the lsw provides for the toza. tion of mortgagos—entars largely into the arrangement for loaning money. ‘Whatever tho rato of interest mumy be at which the lender would bo willing to tako the mort- gege, Le invariably and reluctantly adds thereto au averago of 2 per cont to cover tho tazation to whick ha will be legully subject, #nd which possibly he may have to psy. If fhe Blatecollects 2 per cont tax on $26,000,000 +of wortgages, and the peoiple pay in comuid- -eration theroof 2 per cent additional intor. est on $300,000,000 of bon'owed money, the economio wisdom which maintaius this polioy may flud in the rermlt Low sovere is the punishment it inflicts 1It, in addition to this, the non-resident mo: tgagees ave to bo ‘tazed in their own States ou the debts duo them in Mlinoiy, then in all. future contracts tho borrowens will have to pay, iu tha form of an increased rate of inkirest, tho tax im- Tho attemp] in Con- poced by ather States, nectient to collect tazes on money invasted and loaned in linoig, to colleet tnxls ou tho business done in- this State, ia but part of tho samo system of taxation of files nnd debix which is embodied in the Relmum Iaw of Tilinois, and winch hns cost thi Htato ro mitch, aud which has repelled so inch enp- ital. The evils of the law are folt inall their force, while the attempts at compensa~ tion have provad, necessarily, aborlive. e e STATE SUICIDE. | There nro individials with o clronie in. ward tondenoy to snicide. Wherthis will mauifest itself annnot always be prodicted, an it reoms to turn not so much oy outward cirenmstances ns on tho eonditifn of tho brain, When thera is no special decurrenco to dopress the spirits, thero comes o sudden temptation upon the man to taks his life. Itis a'subilo insanity or unbalateo of rea- son, which, instend of prompting, like klep- tomnnis, or like homicidal impukes, to the injury of othors, inclines ono toself-injury. Wo havo long beon of the opinion that Sonth Carolinn is afilicted with this insane ton- deney; only the diucmg las f{he further complication in its caso thiat tho patient does not know that his ncts are sufcidal. It is ns if n madman driuking tho coutents of a vinl plainly laboled *¢ Poisou " should insist that it was tho long-desired nrticlo, ** The Elixir of Life,” or, na if curiously mistaking him- self for another man, supposed to be an enemy, ho should stab or shool himself. South Carolinn in the olden timo has even been prononnced beside itself by the other Southorn Btates; which was lika that remnining gleam of remson in the fnmates of * a lanatic asylom, that enables thom to sce the mndness of a par- ticularly frenzied member of ikeir com- pony. - They used somelimes to wish that South Corolina could bo towed out juto the middle of tho Atlantic Ocean, and thers nnchored (or sunk) all by itself, to enjoy its fancled rights in e solitude happy for tho rest of the world, And if that fecling cropt over thom occasionally before the War of Secession, wo may imagine how often it must bavo been secretly indulged, oven if not openly expressed, since that calamitous coxperience, 'Tho latest suicidal freak in which Sonth Carolinn has indulged is in the sorious wound inflicted by the Logislature at its ro- cent ression upon the educational interosts of the Sta'c. At thoe North, for wauy gon- orations, we have been so accustomod to av- rangemonts for the education of the peopla that we consider them to Do A watter of course; fo bo fundamentally necessary pro- visions for tho publiq welfure, to bo classed with other things for which tho peoplo tax thamselves, such ns the administration of justice and the repair of ronds. The ronson why we have considered this n mattor of fundamental importande has been, that oll the other intercats of socioty deponded upon it, and that tho money thus expended saved ot least » corresponding amount in the punishinont of crimo and tho support of pnu- pers. Buch idens aro considered in this re- glon to belong to thealphnbet of civillzation, Heuce, if aby cinss in the community is es- pecially ignorant and degraded, and is, por- haps, disinclined by pressure of poverty, or Inck of appreciation of edueation, to sond their children to school, not only are the needed schools provided at the public ex. pense, but often a compulsory Inw is passod requiting paronts o use the schools, Dut commonly parents are so cager to have their children become intelligont that nothing would more pertniuly creato firat a political, and then, if necessary, n martial revolution, than for tha Government to doprive the peo. plo of this precious right of universal educa tion, With such viows, how nare wo to rognrd the action of the Logislaturo of South Caro- ling, reported o fow days since ‘in our nows columns? It appears that two-fifths of the population (the whites) havesuch jenlous feara of tho other throo-fifths (the blacks) that thoy bhave used a present majority in tho Logislaturo to sirike n deadly blow at tho orrangements for popular education, which have happily existed since tho War under Ropublican nuspices, Tho Arst oxperience of u professedly Democratic Government i the denial of this fundamentsl popular right. For tho Legislature refused to mako provision for tho customary aud necessary ‘cnumeration of the children of schoal agoe; it reduced the pay of Bchool Commissionors to 8000 a year,—a sum far below a neces- wary support; it broke up the Normal School for the traluing of teachors, the supply of which in that region is swmall and of poor quality ; it abolished special Stato taxes for educntion, aud also took away the power of local scliool taxation from tho districts, so that tho peoplo conld not tax themselves for educationnl purposes, but must depend upon general appropriations from the Treasury Ly the deminant party; aud then, to drive away the 200 colored students from ' the State Universlty, it loft tho Professors without nn appropriation for thelr salaries, ond thus compelled their resignation. Now, if in # Northern Btato, which disliked a Targe aud increasing Ivish or Uerman populstion, the native Americans should uio a mojority in the Legislatare to pnss such laws, in order to Leop down the for. cignérs, or (o make them a proseribed olass; ono may imagine the universal howl which would go up from the Democratio editors all over tho laud, Wo have lstened at. tontively for oven a faint cry of dissent from that quarter over this South Carolina action, but thus far havo listened fu vain, They secm to think that human rights depend upon race and complexion, and that the laws of clvil soclety will not work out thelr neces- sary rosults in tho case of black men; that what wonld bo confesiodly suioidol in a Northern State with white citizens will be actually healthful in a SBouthern Stato with a mixed population, Certainly this must be the opiulon in Bouth Carolina, and it ia only anothier developmont of its chronio tendency toan act of self-destruction, South Carolina must learn futelligently to scoopt the mituation, and to cease to make war upon the principles of clvilizatlon. The maiu cloments of tho caso caunot be altered to suit anclent prejudices or former habits, Tho blacks aro there, not surcly by their own fault or rcsponsibility; they are the laborers indispensablo to tho industry of the Hiato; they are also the wmajority of its citizens and voters. Both for industria! and political roasous, tho welfare of the State will bo eudangered by their continuance in ignorance, and will be benefited by their education. 'The confessed ovil of their act. ing together, under corrupt loadery, has arison parlly from thelr igmor- auce and partly from .(heir fear of not receiving impartial treatment under the law. Abolish the white line, and tho Llack line will also disappear, Educate the nogroes, and they will ceaso to moveina mass and to be the prey of demagogues. Lut this wholesale proseription of them by theso sweeping mensures tends to entail the worst evils of tho past. Tt persuades the mnjority that the minority is hostils to them, and thin Incures an answering hostility and keeps up the division of the people into two warring mees. Nothing could moro surely prevent n sottlemont of agitation and a re- turn <f confidence, without which men of Lusiness will naot settle thers, nor will eap- italists risk their money in needod enter- prises. Moreover, such a course porpotuates Northern suspicion of Sonthern enmity to the rights of the froedmen, nnd maintains tho sectional lines in nationnl politics which onght to bo ernsed. OF conrso wo caunob control legislntion within Sonth Carolina or othor Southern States; but we can remnon- strate ngninst unwisdom and infatuation, and wo can aid the elovation of the freed- men by sneh benovolent appliances of a re- ligious and odneational charnetet as may be used by the friends of tho colored race. . Tho welfaro of the ontire conutry demnnds that they shall not be abandoned to their enemies, “nor left in a dishonorable and dangerous ig- nosance. UNNECESSARY ‘' BEARIRG" OF PRICES, Our commorcial record for thio past woek exhibits & most porplesing state of affairs. With o crop yield of corenls unsurpassed in quality as well as quantily, and the cer- tainty that about all tho grain we have to spare will bo wanted by tho people of other countries, prices have declined fonrfully. Though thero islittla or no pressuro from thie volume of preaent recoipts, or of stocky in ntore, a Inrge numberof our oporators in graiu and provisions have been selling right and left, for futare delivery, tho property which they do not own, Lut erpect to seo coming forward so freoly that they will be nble to buy it in at lower prices than those now ruling. They are apparently doing their best (or worst) to reduce the farming community to the fato of the Roman maiden who was crushed to death under tho weight of the gifts that were fludg npon hor by the savage warriors as they thronged past her into the Etornal City. Wo are apt to mentally associate abundant cropa with national prospority. It nocds very littlo acquaintanco with politieal econo- my, as a sciencv, to aco that our wealth and comfort depend ultimatoly upon the products of the soll ; tho surplus which remnins ‘after homo needs are suppliod being oxchanged for thd other creataro comforts of civilizn- tion. Honce, tho more wheat wa have to sell, the more dry goods and groceries ought wa tobonbloe to purchinge; and tho more Logs tho moro jewelry, alboit wo are commanded not to cast our pearls beforo swine. It is thus that commerce depends upon ngrienl. ture. If the country prosper,.the city flonr- ishes, and vice vorua; for the city is, after all, only the depot of the farm. Chicngo receives tho surplus grain and live stock of the country of which sho is the focus, finds a mnrket for it, and 1n return obtains the dry goods, groceries, boots aud shoes, drugs, jowalry, musical instruments, and books thot make life in the country en- joynble, and manufactures the implemonts which enablo tho farmer to cultivate the soil and hnrvest his orops. All eclso hangs on this, as tho denizons of the beehive dopeud upon thair queon. The monoy paid for handling tho prodnce of tho farm on its way towards tho consumer, and the goods which the farmer buys in exchango for the surplns, forms the wages of nn anmy of workers in the city; and those, with tho profits of tho opern- tion, sustain the other industries of the aity, 18 well a8 tho smallor communities that eluster around the depots which dot our lines of rnil- road. Theso wages and profits oven keep alivo the noble army of scalpers whose “‘business” it is to pare a slico from tha lonf of broad ng it passes from the producer to the consumer, without rendering on eqmivalent servico therofor, and too many of whom do so by peraistont efforts to doprecinto the solling value of tho nforesaid loaf. Itis argued that this bearing process is not an nninixed ovil—that it chenpens the prico of brond to tho consumor near tho form, in addition to operating in the inter- ecat of the widow and orphan in the Eastern Btatesand in Europo, But it needs littlo ar- gument to prove that, if the farmer is impov- erished by needlossly low prices, all tho othor intercsts suffor thereby, commerce is pros- trated, labor bocomes adrug, and tho work- ingman is unnble to buy even the *‘ cheap" brond, which is the consequonce of the in. sano conduct of a.few wmoen, whose only npology is that they must live at the expensa of tho rest of the community. 3 The question is now pertinent: *Is the recent deprecintion in pricea warranted by tho facts?" Let the faots answer, Take wheat a8 an instance, The market for de- livery any timo this month declined 5GG cents during last wook, to 08 conts, and the prico for Beptomber has recedod to 91§ conts, under the persistent hammoering of loas than fifty mon, the combined eapital of whom prabably docs not exceed §50,000. This fn_ faco of tho facts that tho quantity of wheat “jn sight” is very small, ouly about 2,000,- 000 bushels, that the grauaries abroad are in a depleted condition, that the English authoritics roport & thin yield, that TFrance will have no wurplus for export, that the exportable sur plus of Califoruin is ouly a quarter to ono. third of that of last year, that India is.suf- fering from a wido-spread Ymmnine, that tho Black Bea and its tributarics are closed, probably for auother year, and that exporters nre oagerly buying up all the wheat offored in this market at about nine conta per bushel above the price at which the boars aro of- fering to delivor it in Beptember, Bursly, with somuch of competitioncut off, with such a fine quality of wheat juviting consumption, and with such low freight rates as are now ruling, our wheat ought to command at least a dollar per bushel in this mar. ket. That ¢ would commaud (his figuro, .8 & minimum for the whole crop, but for tho fellows who persist in selling property which they do not own, and for which they could not pay if delivery were tendered to them, scems almost self-evident. ‘The present rules of tho Board of ‘I'rade hove been widely blamed as offering a temptation to sell short recklessly, by takiag away the fear of a corner from before the eyes of tho bears. We do not assume to jndge iow far this chargo {4 well founded; Dut it i oxly fair to say that those interest. od in sustaining prices have it in their power, under those rules, to put a check upon the rocklessness Lere noted. If the chronio shorts wero required to doposit mar. gins for tho faithful performance of their contracts, the evil would be nearly cured. Baut the trouble is that other partios would also have to deposit money ns margins, and the result would be the locking up of o great deal of capital ‘that is now otherwise em- ployed. There is some talk of advoccting tho passege ot a rule to tho effect that the Board of Trade will not enforce contracts on which no margin has boen deposited. Pos-~ aibly such a rulo would prove to be & cure for the evil; Lut it is undeniable that some remedy in imperatively demanded for the suppression of n parnsite that is rapidly sap- ping the vitality of tho producers and prod- uce trade of the Nnrthwest, A VILLAGE GOVERNMENT. The Town of Lako is a suburb of Chien- go, and is cvidently governed by n gang of the ordinary irresponsible class of politi- cians. Its politieal organization is that of o villago, but the Government is carried on on tho scale of a large city. Its appropriations Inst year wern $151,000, and it has a debt of £170,000. When it wont into tho debt- ereating business it issned bonds bearing 10 per cent interest, and it provided for an an- nual tax for interest nnd for a Sinking Fund. ‘Tho saine ordinances provido that this Sink- ing Fund, as collected, shall beinvested inna- tionn! or State bonds, and used only for the purchage or payment of bonds, In the menntime, there hnd Leen collected for the Sinking Fuud up to Jau, 1, 1877, the sum of §12,816 ; the bonda havo become due, and are unpaid, and the expenditares on nccount of the Sinking Fund are over 03,000, That fund i3 not only exbnusted, but is in debt #12,000, and no part of tho village debt Las been paid. That is a Bnancial operation that might oven nstonish our Cownty Doard. The money belonging to the Binking Fund has beon nsed to pny salaries, nnd to pay for special jobs, the villago is in default to its creditors, the taxes nro enormons, and the Village Trustees considor themsclves an abusod and outraged body. The fatal facllity of Lorrowing money and of jssuing scrip, the recklessness usuat to men having the power to expend other peo- ple's monoey, nod the genoral demand for of- fico, and for high salaries, and for more of- fices, have been the Lane of Lako, as it has* beon of larger communitics. On the north- ern boandary of Chicago is the Villagoe of Evanston, and a citizon of Lake furnishes the following comparison of some of the salarios paid in the two towns: lake. Eeanston, Trustees (each) . $1.500 Nothing. A $200 100 Collector B o0 Clerk: 1,600 300 Englncer 4 bee ;8 The Village of Lake lad, in addition to thesa bonds of departments, o full forea of clerks and other subordinates, The pressure for oftico and for liberal snlary has been ree- ognized by tho Trustees, and the villago ex- penses have been proportionately exagger- stod. The fact that the times are hard, and that it is diffienlt to collect taxes, i ignored by“the Trustees, who probably would resent 03 an insult to their intelligence a request to reduce {he number of city cwployes ono- third, and the salaries of the otliers one-half, and the romission of their own per diem. This kind of government {s not peculiar to Lnke. Ils strong resemblance to tho Cook County Government - will bo ganerally recoguized. Ioroe, the vigilance of the press, the nctivity of tho Citizens' Association, and tho interfcronco of tho courts have arrested many of tho grossor abuses of power and tho more glaring cases of fraud, But the Villago of Lake 18 not thus protected; tho authorities Lave thelr own way practically, and have had fall ewing at tho Treasury, and uplimited discretion in tho spproprintions and tax lavies, and the resnlt is shown in the scandnlous abuses which havo taken placo in the managoment of the village financos. We question whother thero is on record an- other instanco where, in tho nbsonce of do- faleation aud embezzlement, a publio Sinking Tund bns been not only oxhausted, but overdrawn, aud not n cont of the money ap- plied to the debt which i overduo and nn- paid, The Trastoes, if they bavo any shame, nny regard for the good opinion of thoeir fol- low-man, and any desire to frea themselves of all suspicion of complicity in misgovern- nient, will at onco meot, reduce the number of offlces pnid by tho village, surrender their own pay nud reduce tho salaries of all the other ofticers, ropeal or suspend all appro- printions that may bo dispensod with, and thus save at lenst $10,000 of the yoar’s ap- proprintions, Let them try tho sovoreign romedy of reducing expenditures, and sco how greatly it will aid tliom in restoring the Treasury to a healthy conditior ECLIPSE OF THE MOON, A total eclipso of tho moon will occur next ‘Thursday evenini, Aug. 23, but only a portion of theevent will be vislble at Chicago. The foltowlnp shows some of the * polots? in the ‘plicnomenon, Chicago time: Middle of eclips Total phare endr. JMoon's contre rises, Moon leaves Moon leaves rlse at Chlcago till 1h. 27m. after the middie of the cclipse, and 87m. alter the total clipse has ended; but she will rise partially cclipsed, and leave the shadow 23)¢ minutes after rislug above the waters of Lake Michl- gan. Her passage through the penumbrs, which ends at a quarter past 8 o'clock, s not of much interest to the ordinary ohserver, It gen- crally requires critical watchiug to determine tho fact that the moon appears to be less bright whett In the penumbra than when out of it, The night followiuz the eclipse (Friday) the moou will bo in partial conjunction with Baturn and Mars. In tho worning of Baturday, about the time the three bodies sct in the west, tho moon will be 4! degrees north from Naturn, aud B3¢ degrees vorth from Mars. e —— ‘Therois ouly oue unpardonable sin In the crimtual codo of Bioghumton, N. Y, You may elope with o Binghamton man's wifc, or step on hig pet corn, or throw cluba at his dog, or got the better of him in a horse-trade, or count himn out of the City Councll, and expect to bo for- siven; but if you forget that his town was founded by Mr. Bixorax, aud speil Io with o 4, there is no hope for you, no mercy for you. The anly sou of o prominent resident of Binghamton marricd a beautiful and affection- ate Buflalo girl,and, just becausc sho, inalct- terto ler father-in-law, spoke of how happy she bad been uuder his ** hospitable roof In dear old Bingham}’ton,” he tut off his son with a nickel, left his vast fortune to found an orphan asyluw, and died inmediately to make watters sure. e — ‘The Springtleld Jourual, speaking of the pro- posed preposterous selection of a site for tho Boutberu Penltentlury, makes the firat horse- scuse observation that hus sppeared lu the ed- frorial columus of that concern for a month of Bundays. 1t suys: 1f the selection of CGrsnd Tower should stand, the almoat fuevitablo result will be a loud ciamor tor an ‘*Easteru Penitenilary™ at the ext 1o of tho General Assenibly, or al 5ly da ‘Chere 1u . possibility, howevcr, that the de may e avoldad, as the luw requires that th tivi shall e spproved by the Governor, and Atsoruey-Geoeral, bel el ditor, ore belog made Soal e The Cbicago Thwmes of Baturday, Aue. 18, printed o threecolumn secouut, from the Lon- dou Dully News, of the battlo of Plevna. The same sccount anpeared 1o Tuz Cuicaco Tain- uNs of Maturday, Aug. 4,~Just two weeks bo- fore,—having been scut to Tus TmBUNE by special dispatch, o ampp— ‘The Beonlngton celebration was rather s fun- Dy oue, from the polut of view of a critlc whose full soul loathes the (lentcuolal. Ths battle was fought fu New York, and uot in the main by Vermont troops; it did bot waterially affect St. Lzazk aud BURGOYaE'S advauce like the £ fights of Oriskany and Soratoga; the {ntrenid Green-Monntaincers woulin't fiehe til they were promised the apoils, they camo near hoing defented while doing the plundering, and one of them stole STARK'S lior they had all the advantage of numbers and posttion, and, w3 way teatified by thelr snall loss, the fighting could not have been so fenrfully furious, owever, all the people of Vermont aro STARK mad, L ca— It is understood that one of the questions put to all applicants for Hic-assurance in Mis. nissippl 1s a3 folluws: *“Arc you mptured, subject to beart-disense, of an apuplectie habit, o Republiean, or In any otlier mannce likely to die sudidenlyi" 'The Detrolt Poat, which knows no more lay than* necessity,” siill chatters law at Juigs Drumsoxo, and Iustructs him {n his duties fn dealing with contempt cases. Nu peacork evep spread Its feathers as that nincomnpoop does hig cgotism. = The Commission to 8rrrive Burt will soon sct out. The position 1 unc of great danger, and no emolument. We beg to nominate as members “ELt PErrins,” Buoe-Taxs Wine 1ax8’ son-In-law, and Ald. FRANR Laween, o e —— There is but one way to shake the truth of & * bellever in mediums, and that is to take him round to seven different mediums and obtatn Irom thein seven differcut answers to the samg queation, each warranted genuine. e er—— Mem. to Workingmen’s Conventions: When an orator without blisters on hie hands gets up, shiow him a jackplane and ask him if he ever #aw such o finc adze. If Le says he never A, give bim the G. B, e et 5 The platforms of Ohio have planted, and the candidates have watered, but it looks os I the Laborlng Men's candidate would get all the cider off of the Communtistic apple-trecs. e ——— e The Mllwaukee Sentinel came to Tnr: TRInGxy oflice Satarday with a lean and bungry bed-bug Inclosed. e was tired of cditing & country paper and wanted a metropolitan job. e —t— “The mouth of the Amazon,” said a Profes. sor of geography in o St. Louls female semie nary, **1a the bizgest mouth In the world—pres- ent company always excepted." ———— History repeats itself, In the Crimean war the Russians had thelr Malakoft: in the Armee nlan war they bave their MeLigorr. ———— PERSONAL, Dion Boucicault is a candidate for Parlia- ment from County Clare, Ircland, Rono Eytinge recently played Lady Mas Leth In Salt Laka City with great succeas, The Princo of Wales' youngest daughter, Loufse, {s getting old enough to go out to after. noon enlertaiuments with ber fathier, E. L. Davenport's play of * Oliver Crom. well ** was written for him elzhteen yoars ago, soid to Jo Proctor, and afterwards repurchascd, Poor Mme. Titions, tho oneca illustrions singor, 1s suloring torribly from the cancer which 18 eating away her lifo, and no hopen of her rucor- ery are now entertalned. M. Charles de Talloyrand, a grand. nephow of the diplamatist, has offored himseil for election to the French Assembly, fn opposition to M, de St. Martin, Bonapartist, The Albany I(nickerbocker, eatablinhiod over thirty years ago, by Hugh Hoetings, now of the Nuw York Commercial Advertizer, s bosn cons sotidated with the Daily Press of Albany. Tho New York 2%Ymes commends in de. served terms Mr. Alden's book, which is made up of editorlals coatributed Ly him to that paper, Uols the wisest of all the nowapaper humorlsts, Literaturo in London is sald to be dead for the moment. Thero la scarcoly a salo for anything but Looks of Russlan or Turkish travel, war pain- phlets, nnd prophetic wamnings of the dissvlution of the world. Trof. Dan, of Christiania, Norway, has re- contly discovered o copy of Luther's Dible pro- fusely annotated by the celobrated Johannes Avrie <ola (barn 1403, died 1300). 'Tho notos are af his- {orical value, nnd will shortly be pavllshed. Young Dr, Dubring, an apostlo of Robe-* splerre, Marat, and tho French Hovolutionlsts, has been rofused pormlission to lecture ln the Berlin Universlty, It fs belloved that the German Gore ernment persuaded the University authoritles to 1ssuo the act of prohibition. 'Tho oldest man on the Pacific Const is Maj, Bterling, 8 retiréd. army oflcer, and porhaps the oldess on the liat, Tle crossed the bar at the muuth of the Columbia River July 5, 1820, bolngthen 20 yearsof age. lle has been familiar with the cosst ‘more than Afty-saven years, : * A Dloestocking,” by Mis, Annie Ed- Wards, now appearing simultaneously in Tie Cii- cago Tmisusk and the London Temple Har, will not be republished In book form In Loundon until tho end of the year, and will not wmake Iteappears ance in this country for some months attarwards, The Rov. John Gordon, of the Olivet Bap. tist Church, Montreal, has received, and will prob- ably accept, a call from the Dordman S8quare con- gregntion, Boston. Afr, Gordon fs well known lo. Chicago unt!l the (ime of his accepting biv Montreal call two ycars ago, the pastor of tle ‘Wostern Avenno Daptist Church, The King of 8pain {a determinod to marry s cousin Morcedes, and the mintaterial papera fir dlcate that the nuptials will bo celubrated durlog his fortbcoming visit to (ho ontpensiers at the royal palaco of Lo Granjs. The high Catholic and Monarchical party havo opvosed tho mateh for fear of the fnfineuce of father-iu-law Montpensier. The Mayor of Scranton is porfectly willing to ssenme the responslbility for having ordered the soldicry to fire upon the meb, llo does not unders stand that the wob is asacred thing, When the order to firo was given, he wae in luminent peril of hls lite, baving been struck sevoral timos, sud severely injured by a blow in the back of the head Geon, Maliono, unsuceessful candidate for the Democratlc nominalion as Governor of Virgin- 13, was wounded during tho War, Ile weighs little over 100 pounds, and Lis wife was mnch dlatresscd Priondsasenrvd *+1 know better," ¢ Dilly Mahone has been airuck suywhers on his body by & bullet It has broken 3 Loae,* A plcture now on exhibition in Londos, advertised as Uslnsborough's Duchess of Devon- slire, {a sald foscaemblo closely the oae sold lat year for £10,000, and soon afterwards stules. iThe myslorious robbery has never been explalned, aud the somewhal sudden appearance of Lbe press ent plctaro bofore the public does not tead to clva? up matters, ‘Tho prescnt portralt is not the sawe, though taken from tho sawe person. Mr, Jeunings sonds from Jondon to the Now York World sn Interesting description of Heary Irviog's Hamiet. Ho uoticed .tho by-play of the actor as wonderfully minufe and studious. ** When be s dyli nd after b bas uitered b last words, be r himself slowly from tlu wround and fixes his intently upon tho alr, us 1 hie saw bis fatier sgainand for the last tims. 1 dopot romembor,” adds Me. Joonings, **ever having sven this done before by an sctor,—it cer tainly touched the spectators deeply. ™ Mr, Alexander Dumas mado a public ap- pearance in Paris not long since in s now charuce tor, —thatof & morulial. llls fellow Academiciané bad deputized him todraw up thelr snncal revort on the Montyon Prizes for Virtug, e did notul- toguther keep to the besten track, but neither did he widely diverge from it. Ju his prologue he dls- cussed the reason why rich people are mlecrable, ud came to the conclusion that it le because they do not sutticlently devote thelr wealihto waklng others Lsppy. Charity begluniug at home, it I# 50 patural 1o take bim who ls nearest to you, Who promises 10 bo the most grateful, who shares youf tells you comsiantly of lv owd, oaaggerates thew, implores, ime portunes and barasses you till you comply with Lis demands. **We bave all witain us this unfortunate companion, stonce wesk and exscting, wbo has babits which he will pot repounce, deslres he thinks imperatlve, dreams be considers not unres- sonable. Ile knows us so well, s s0 tenaclous, 0 eloquent, s0 wheedling, this everlasiing compan* fon, that we end by ylelding 10 him, waming hia every time not (o Lewpt us agaln. Thofatality ls that It is always just when we bave formed thia wlse reevlution that others try to excite our pity for thelr distresses, Whervapon we put promptly 18 practice our brand-new severity.”