Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, August 1, 1877, Page 4

4 THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: WED havo been falminating their advertisements thronghont the country, gobbled the &3 per head sent in by tho bloody-mined bucolics, and then fired themselves ont, leaving an almost empty office and an indebtedness of nearly £5,000. required by those trades in conaexnence of using automatic machines, The tables do not take into acconnt the increase of coal congumed nor the increaso of transportation. ‘The workingmen not thns enumerated would certainly add 25 or 30 per cent to the above numbers, But, abova ail, the anti- machinery-men fail or refuse to consider tho enormonsiy-important question of cheaper production nnd the bonefita which the entire consuming class—-and that Includes overy- body—obtain therefrom. ‘The interenta of consumers are certainly equal to thoue of the producers, While farmers receive a much higher price for hides than twenty years ago, the public buy boots and shoes 20 to 80 per cent cheaper now than then. ‘Take cnr- peting, the averngs value of which was $2 per yard in 1865, 1t now sells at wholosale at 72 conts, and retails in immense quantitics nt $1 per yard. All woolen and cotton goods and clothing have been grently reduced in price, totho benofit of the whole public, in- eluding the trades-uniou classes, ‘Lhe ntrik- era never seem to take these, things into con- sideration. tramps, Phivese, nnd Saenhonte ak ativer places, wore all in commotion, determined to improve the opportunity of the strike by a carnival of licenac. At first it was a contest between railroads and their employes; at Inst it became a contest botweon tho mob and the people. On the one side were ar- rayed the vicions clemorts of society, on the other the law-abiding. The one enmmoned to its ranks tho riff-rnif of the community, the other called upon the police and the militia, and, when it looked naif the enomics of rocioty might triumph, upon the regular army. The struggle wasa brief one. The mob sought to take tho Iaw into its own hands and failed. Tt was crushed and driven to ite holes, ‘The law trinmphed. Pence and order have roturned. The wheels of com- merce have again commenced to move. Only here and there are smoldering heaps of ashes which will die ont of themselves, even if they are not atamped out, There ip 5 profitable lesson tn the history of this atrike for railroad employes, if they would only heed it, As thoy look back over the history of the past two weeks, they should be con- vinced that they can never gain their ends by violence, by taking Inw into their own lands, by stopping transportation, by attack. ing the personal rights of the community and endangering society. NY MAIL~IN ADVANCE—POSTAGE PREPAID, Daity Fallon, nie FeRE ss porsat a ui “To-day at noon the trains at Colambua, ., will bo moved. There is no donbt abont this, the military force on the ground boing suMicient to carry ont tho determination of the authoritics to put an end to the domina- tion of the mob, The Iaw is not supreme in Ohio until the last vestige of violence is swept away, and, jndging from the prepara. tions made, the sweoping will be thorough and decisive if any of the strikors nttempt ronistunce, If they are wise, there will be no work for the broom to do, 18h i aire Powt- thts inclining Rtate nnd Conaly. may he made either by dralt, express, ier of it Femisteryd lettern, At OUT FLAK. TO CITT AUBSCRIBERS, id, Sunday excepted, 2 cents After four weoks of “exhaustive labor on the Michigan University chancery suit at Ann Arbor, the Judge managed to pick out two questions of fact to submit to the jury, and then kicked the rest of the case out of his bniliwick, becnugo, as he trdnkly admit- ted, ha had lost all! hope of ever understand. ing it, Thia action gomplicates the matter atill further, as counse! for the parties differ as to the nght of the Conrt to order achango of venue. ‘The tronble seems to lio with the witnesgos or the witnesses tie about the tronble, and to discover which state of af- fairs istrno, or which of the facts they stato ia trne, is what makes the mnddle. ————— et ee Hoaley’s Theatre. Randotph atreet, between Clark aod Lass of the Unton-Square Company.“ fen Menara, daines, O'Nell, Btoduart, etc.1 Moa dames Fanny Morant, Sars Jowett, Katharine Bog> ai era, etc. Afternoon and evening. THE HISTORY OF THE STRIKE. ‘The grent railroad atrike is substantially at an end.- Communtentions are restored and trains aro again moving uninterruptedly, conveying the exchanges of the East and West. {t may be as yet premature to record the details of the Inst two wocks’ confusion, toscarch for the special causes, or to esti- mate the particular results, but the general history of the strike can bu recorded now aa wellas at any time. The gonernl canse of tho strike was the prossure of hard times, Adeipht Theatre. : Monroe street, corner of Dearbarn. Maverty's Minstrels. Add Ryman, Dilly Rice, Billy Carter, ete, Afternoon and eveulog. Exposition Kuitding. 7. Laka Shore, foot of Adame ereet, Summer-Nieht Festiral by the Thomas Orchestra. THE PROPOSED INCREASE OF POLICE. It would be very foolish for the Common Council to impose a Inrgo and permanent ex- |. penditare npon ths hard-pressed taxpayers of Chicago to satisfy auy panic demand that has grown ont of the recent mobs, Evon —————— SOCIETY M EET! ‘as. [APOLLO COMMANDELT, NO. 1, KNIGHTS TEMP. Aare thle «Wednewiay) ry ne} o'clock, sharp. The Ore ne collation will be evening, for “And then im relation to the traneportn- tion of the mails by means of rilronda: it is trie that it appears by the evidence in this « conterred. anquet hall at 7 o% Seeved tn the Tire who aula Th ihe wore daring. te aiterioun, taking the experience of the recent disturb- ms mS \ 7 tenthe | case that those defendants wero willing that . Alnee Suresh iat ait pagt Fu clock when the ae GHalLear anand aor bak TY swamt Ba ee which has acted npon the railroads more dis- ances, and,Jt is apprrent thnt the mob could always welome. By order uf the F OP, Recorder. sstronsly than npon other public corporm | hava been tontrolled and aquelched by the = a in rind that the mail-car can only go in such | tions, ‘Their buriness has fallen off heavily, day of its demon- WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 1, 1877, | S07 a" to onablo the rallrosd to transport | their receipts have decreased, thelr stocks Fee Brocutun ima i ie essao Fe the mail when there are other cart necom- | havo fallen, and their debts have enlarged, | it to to grow by tho natural accretion of two es panying it, Itisn’t possible, or practicable, | until ot last many of them have been forced } or throg days’ oxistonco and by ronson of 2 CHICAGO MARKET SUMMARY, ann general thing, for urailrond to trans-| into bankraptey. The rest, to save them- The Chicago produce markets wera generally caaler yesterday. Mess pork closed @B10c per brl Tower, at $153.10Q13.1244 for Auguat snd $13.35 @13.:7!; for September. Lard ciored 12K per 100Ibs lower, at $8.70 cash and $4.00 forseptem- 2 Der. Meats were stendy, at Se por M for lvore . shoulders and Gic for do short ribs, Lake Sreights were active and lower, at Sic for corn to ‘ Buffalo, Highwines were unchanged, at $1.08 per : gallon. Flour was tame, Wheat closed 1clower, at $1,11% for August and $1.06 for Scptember. Corn closed quict, at 474¢ for Augast and 47%0 for September. Oats closed Sic lower, at 274c for August and 2G%c for September. tye ctored ' firmer, ataize. Barley closed 2c lower, at Oc for new, acller September. Hoge wero in fair demand, at 510¢ decline from Monday, closing at $4.U0@ b Cuttte were dull, and 1S@Y5c lowor, alos were at $2.25420,60, Sheep were dull, and 50c2 $1.00 tower than Inst week. Last Yaturday evening there wan in storo In thie city 220,814 bu wheat, 1 38 bn com, 175,292 bu oats, 68,480 bu rye, 916 bn barley. Total, 1,709,120, or a de- ; creare of 45,00 bu during the week, One han- 2 dred dollars In gold would buy $105.25 In green- backs at the clon non-resistance, the mob was finally pnt to flight by the police, backed by the city mili- tin organizations, who were ready to take a hand in the molee if it should become neces- sary. Thore is nothing in tho Iate riots, therefore, which warrants adding 400 or 500 regular police to tho prosent force, or in- creasing the expenditure by from $300,000 to 3600,000 a year, as bas beon proposed. Besides the inexpediency of increasing the expenditures on police account, the proposi- tion to authorize the Mayor to borrow $110,- 500 to dofray the enlarged expense for the remainder of the year is clearly unlawfal. ‘The money cannot be borrowed and added to the bonded debt, because that already ex- ceeds the constitutional limit, It cannot bo lawfully borrowed as 0 temporary loan, lic. cause the courts have held that city certifi- cates of indebtedness can only .be issucd agatnat o specific tax-tevy, and not in oxcoss of the annual appropriations for the varions departments and funds. The proposed in- crease cannot be included in tho appropria- tions of this year, The law provides (Char- ter Art. VII, Sec. 89,) that the onnual op. propriations shall be made during the first quarter of the fiscal year, which boging Jon. 1, and thereafter no furthor appropriations shall be made unless tho proposition for oach appropriation ns first been sanctioned by o majority,of tho legal voters of the city. 8o, the proposition for so Iarge an increase bo- ing injudicions, and there being no lawful means of ralsing tho neccessary funds, tho Council will probably refuse to give it any further consideration, port a mnil-car by itself, becanse that would be attended by very great loss. No that, while nominally they permitted the mail- ear to go, they really, by preventing the transit of othor pnasenger-cars, interfered with the transportation of the mail."—/udge Drummond on rioter: ——— ‘The Police Committee aro olmost unnni- monsly in favor of increasing the police force by the sddition of 250 men, 100 to be monnted, and will, unless they change their minds, report tn favor of the resolution at the next meoting of tho Council. A refer- ence will thon be made to the Finance Com- mittes to devise a means of payment, which Committee will striko a snag in the absonce of any provision in the charter authorizing such payment, and the matter will be turned ovor to the Judiciary Committee, which will report the measure back with a suggestion that it goto the Committee on the Stroota and Alleys to bo protected by tho force, and that Committee will favor its reference to tho Corporation Counsel. By this timo the appropriation bill will bo mado np and the affair sottled comfortably and satis factorily, The New York Central Railrond fared wonderfully well in the grent strike, only about 400 of the 12,000 employes becoming infected with the prevailing mania, while tho Company snffered no Joss whatever in the destruction of property. Such a record, in tho faco of the excitement and bad feoling averywhero existing, is ono ,that the Central relyos, were compelled to practice economy, some by reducing the wages of all classes of their force of employes and others by redne- ing the wages of all classes of their work- meu. Early in July a reduction of 10 per cent was made on all the priucipal Eastern and Western roads, causing great discontent among the employes, which gradually in- creased until the timo was ripo for resistance to the action of the railway companies. Meanwhile a little incident, which, under any other condition of things, might havo been only a harmlesa episode, barren of any result, played an important part in landling the conflayration, A firoman named Ammon had boon discharged for good cause from tho sorvice of the Fort Wayfie Railroad. In re. venge, ho conceived the iden of inangurat- ing a resistance to the road in tho form of 5 strike, Ho tent at the work coolly and de- liberately, His scheme at first contemplated engineers as well as firemen and brakemen in a grand concorted movement, but the en- ginoers hnd alrendy been on an unsuccessful strike, and besides were already banded ina Drotherhood, governed by a regular code of laws, and acting only on its own motion in- dopendent of nll other tradca-unions. Io therefore confined hia efforts to the firemon, brakemon, conductors, and switchmen, and equipped with a ritnal, and set of rules, and by-laws similar to those of the engincors, ha traveled ap and down tho Eastorn division of tho Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, as woll os the Fort Wayne, organizing the train-men in- to secret societios, bound by oath to resist A day's imprisonment is twenty-four boars, ‘ We now havo a Davatsond D light on ants dobor question. 4 ‘The defenso of “citizon” Svxia was that ae (jot drunk at a funeral. “Greonbacks at tho New York Stock Ex. change yesterday closed at 941, ‘tha Toledo, Poorin & Wabnsh Rond was >, nin" by the National Government. Tho defense of * Citizen” Exxis was that . ho wonld not have used an empty revolvor os) Lund he Lech kober. vimployes can justly bo proud of. Their | tho railrond company throngh the medium | ‘There is just ove change that might be : fee scrermenee eae fidelity und moderation aro not to go with- | of strikes. Having accomplished his | made with advantago, If thero could be a .t Do we still hear the sweet voice of the | ont tangiblo recognition and reward. Presi- | work so far ns these ronda were mounted police of fifty orsixty men to patrol the sparscly-settled southwestern districts, ‘and to bo used as cavalry in case of riot, tho efficiency of the force would be increased. It is impossible that the appropriations can be economized in othor departments and so much of other funds used as will provide enough monoy to mount somo of tho police. Otherwise thore will bo no means of wocur- tng itduring the present year, except tho merchants who are allogod to be anxious for on increase choose to subscribo the money necessary to support tho mounted police daring tho noxt four or five months, In any case, our merchants and proporty-ownors will do well to encouregs tho filling up of the two city regiments of guards which proved themselves faithful and efficient dur- ing tho riots, and were useful according to their strength and opportunities, It will be better to subscribe the funds for the unl- forming and equipping of a full quota in these rogiments than to add to the perma. nent police expenditures of tho city, Communist pleading that all tha railroads be ain placed in tho hands of the United States i Governmont? dent VaNDEnDILT announces that tho sum of $100,000 will be distripated ratably among the 11,600 men who remained truo to the Company's interesta, In addition to this proof of appreciation and gratitude, ha givos tho nsurance that o regular increaso of wages will bo made ns soon as tho businoss of tho road will justify it. For the 500 who Joined tho infwue crusade there is nothing— not dven their former situations, the Com- pany having no further uso for their services, concerned, he next easnyed the Pennsylvania Central, und was succocding so well in his work that he enlarged his fleld of labor and sont ont emissaries to work the Now York & Erio Rond. Ile scems to have had a docided facalty (or organizing, and an intolligence above the avorage of the class of workmen to which he belongs. Ho gave promise of reaching tho same degree of success at tha hend of tho firemen and brakemen that Mr. Antuon bas achieved as tho organizer of tho engineers jn his Brotherhood of the Foot- board, Hana he xnccecded, the strike would have been much more formidable than tho ovont'has proved, Deforo he had completed hia purpose, howover, there waa n premature explosion in West Vir-inia on tho line of the Baltimora & Ohio Road, and, when ho had laid the train on that and other roads, it spread with wonderful rapidity, Everything ‘was opportune, He had prepared the way, and tho 10 per cent reduction was tho match that started the conllugration, The strike was the ond ho was aiming at, bat it coma too soon. His plans were not fully consum- mated, bat whon once it started, it was be- yond bia control. ° Tho strike commenced at Martinsburg, in West Virginin, tho terminus of one of the divisions of. tho Baltimore & Ohio Road, 'Lho freight-men uot only struck, but they rofused to allow othors to take thoir places, aud commenced to stop the running of frelght-trains. The people sympathized with them, aud the few foeble companies of mili- tio, being in sympathy with tho mob, wern easily enough overcome and disarmed. The Governor then appealed to the President for aid, and ander tho protection of United States troopa trains were resumed. Had it not been for the work of the flreman, Aanson, the trouble might have ended hero, perhaps, but he had dono his work so well that the disaffection rapidly sproad. On the next day after the strike at Martinsburg it bad spread to Grafton and Cumberland, and thence west to Nowark, O., until at Inst all the freight-hands of the rosd were in open re- sistance. It continued # the track of Aut. moN, and two days afterwards it broke out on the Pennsylvania Road at Pittsburg, and spread rapidly east and west. Tho next day it appeared at Hornelluville, on tho Erie Road, and commenced spreading in the same rapid manner, By saturday night the whole East, with tha exception of New England, was ina blaze, The strike had be- coine an epidemic. Meanwhile violence and bloodshed aggravated it, Some Maryland militia passing through Baltimore to guard railroad property at Cumberland wero at- tacked by a mob, and inthe melee some of tho rioters were killed and inany injured, the lattor rotaliating by fring some sheds belonging to the Company. In Pittsburg the Philadelphia militia gent there to help preserve order were savagely attacked by the mob end several of them killed. Tho Pittsburg militia desurted+ them by sus- Esyis had assisted in throwing off three trains, ho ‘apologized 3 for what ho had done, and watited to know if hue could get back.” A simplo remedy is provided, When a atrike is threatened, let tho ronda consent to tho uppointment of a Receiver by the United States Courts, and then bring on tho fun, ‘Tho fact that tho sight Peoria rioters wero sorry for what they had done availed thom nothing whon thoy camo before Judgo Dnumsaoxp to answor for their offense against tho dignity and ,authority of tho Circnit Court of the United States. Mont evilalocra are “sorry” ‘when they find themselves in poril of puoishment for their offenaes, but their sorrow comics too Into, Theso mon were led by the madness of tho hour into the belief that all law was subverted! in tho land, and the enlm, dispassionate words yesterday spoken by Judge Davs- monn in defining the righta of labor and the lawful limits within which theso rights may bo exercised must have opened their oyos as well ns tho eyes of all who rend the admirable decision to tho . hope- leas folly nud corsme of the past week, It is truly ‘‘incomprohensible to every man of any intelligence, ary man who can sympathize even with what are sometimes called the wrongs of labor, that there can bo nuy right, or any pretonse of right, in preventing other men: from labor.” ‘Tho lnnguago of the Court throughout, in con- nection with the sentence passed upon tho_ rioters, was in the highest degree impreusive, and if it could be spread broad. east among the Iabor organizations and }rudes-unions of America and read by every workingman in the land, it would not fail to be of incalcnlable benefit, The rights of Inbor were andly in need of this eminent judicial definition. * Citizens Mack and Exnis hed worked for tho road, and ‘{t had befriended them,” pnd they worv only ‘carried away by the ex- citemcnt of tho honr to do what was wrong.” “Citizen” Mack had nothing to do with the mov. Tle merely said “that if there was any cooper there that didn't know How {o throw a train off, ho would slow him how,” Whero o railrood ia in tho hands of the Gnited States anthoritios tho leader of an attacking mob geta four months jn jall and £40 fine, and thoxe who follow aro fined the samo amount with two months’ imprisou- ment, WHO ARE WORKINGHEN? Aconfusion of torma freqnontly loads t more serious complications, Such a fusion has undoubtedly had deleterious in- finence upon the relations botween capital and ‘workingmen,” so called. It has eatab- lished an inaccurate division of rocioty inthe minds of many luboring men. It has largely apread tho improgsion that the two clements are not only distinct but antagonistic in the matter of production, whereas thoy aro nec. exsarily associated and inter-dependent. Capi- tal when alono is idle, unproductive, and perishable; labor when alone is almost help- lesa and unproductive. That portion of the laboring men who at all times and under all circumstances demand a reduction of the working-hours by 20 per cont and an in. crease of pay by 20 per cont; that portion who believe they have the right, not merely to stop work when they aro dissatistied, but forcibly to suapend the employment of capital by mobbing others who want to work; that portion who believe capitat is hostile to them, and can only bo made to recognize thom by the revolver, the cudgel, and tho fire-brand; all that portion infected with the Oommunistio purpose of leveling and confiscating things, make the serious mistake of thinking that the *workingmen,” in their anti-capital, Cominunistio sense, includes the great ma- jority of the people, whereas they are, aaa matter of fact, but 9 small minority. It may be useful at this time to inquire: Who aro the workingmen? Hosace Garrzzy, who cannot be accused of having had too great a sympathy with capite!, and who prided himself all his life upon. being a spokesman for the laboring clasuss, limited the ‘ workingmen,” in the trades-anion sense, to those who live upon the wages’ fund by manual labor,—that is, journeymen and their helpers, The brick. layer who worka for wages is a journoyman, Ono of tho German * Citizens” addicted to alcoholic aberration of a temporary naturo ca told dudge Devzsatoxp that ho had casually Pa remarked to “somebody that tho train nist Head, not go avy furthor.” ‘The stick he flourished to emphasizo that remark was merely a cane, It would tend to disrupt that noblo * par. 3 ty,” known to honest men as the Communo, x if the Government of the United States 3 should assuino control of tho railroad system. heveral of the “ party" went to jail yester- day for laying impigna thumbs upon the 1k trains of a road that had fallen into the oe: ‘uunds of the United States Court, ST ‘The Dritish Atrocity Bureau is now in fine working order. Arrangements have been per- fected whereby overy rumor of Russian bru- tality that the prolife Turks can rake and scrape ia forwarded to Mr, Layarp at Con- stantinople, and by him promptly transmit- ted to Lord Denpy for use in firing the Brit- iuh heart up to the point of consenting to a declaration Of war against Russia, One of tha standing causes of t trades-union: complaint against the present order of things is the uso of labor-caving machinery, which, it ig alleged, reduces the number of hands employed in certain manufactures. This supposed evil is only in appearance; when we come to analyze it. There are a few trades where the uso of automatic machinery has reduced the number of employes; shoe- making is the most conspicuons among them. But while steam-power and improved machines have enormously increased pro. duction and cheapened godds to the consum. er, they have os a whole afforded work for increased numbers of laborers, The follow. ing table will illustrate this ; As no permits for the burial of dead riot. ers have been applied for recently, there is an impression around the City-Hall that they are being buried without the sanction ef + guthonties, Every policeman and asust of the qwilitiamen are confident that they killed oll the way from six to sixteen each, and are beginning to wonder where the cold, damp, disagreeable bodi Pro- Eyn- hier ag ployer, 4 Sistocsat 5 D0, 4 On Monday last a heavy engagement took place at Plevna, the Russians attacking Osuan Pasha's forces at that point with three strong corps, The battle lasted uutil 10 o'clock at night, when, according to the ! 4 1855 Boots and shoes, ne we aes Carpetings, ards, « one a) 7a By 507; pity oie 3 tus 4187. i t ‘Turkish account, the Russians retreated, Clothing, value. met S75 3 8: et Sie baa ie rendering tothe mob, Waving gained this | and the hod-carricr, his helper, is a ‘ work. From Osan's expectation of a renewal of | Cotton goods, yards... | IMS 2 advantage, the frenzied mob took possession | ingman.” The stone-mason who lays tho the attack on the morning of Tuesday it 1353 of the city, and destroyed the property of | foundation is the journeyman, and wos! would ppear that the Russians were not aistalle gvodsy ‘rales: is the Penosylvania Road in that city, involy- | the men who dig the excavation are his se very badly defeated. | ‘There will be great grief and sounds of mourning among certain Grangers when ing a loas of several millions of dollars in depots, cars, engines, and freight. The succeas of the mob st Pittsburg was the signal not only for s# universal strike helpers, The engineer who runs the loco- motive is the journeyman, and the fireman who shovels the coal into tbe engine or pulls the brakes is bis helper. And so on. Itis Sapa sp sreaai Paper, valae veo. a pies 1833, 40, 008, 4) 18,743 ‘Woolen goods, yards..7 1875 99: 208, a re Here we find that employment has in- Vk they bear of the explosion of the ‘' Western’ | creased in all thoso lines except in shoemak- | ull over the West, reaching even to| these people who make up tho class of | Gun-Works,” which have for years supplied | ing and clothing. But these tables ouly ex- | San Francisco, but also for the up- | ‘ workingmen” in the sense the term is Ws the husbandman with those works of dovas- | hibit tho numbor of persons working at | rising of mobs for the purposo | used by the trades-unions, the mnse-mect- a tating art known at the “Buffalo Bill” and | them directly, and not the number employ- | of incendiarism and plunder, The’ Com- | ings of laboring men, thelr political organi. ““'frap ‘Terror revolvers, The ‘ works” ed in manjfacturing aud repairing the labor- ‘were run by a pair of young gentlemen who munists of Chicsgo, the hoodlums of San saving machinery oud increased steam-power Francisco, the roughs of St, Louis, and the zations, in demonstrations, strikes, and riots. ‘The class so made up doos not exceed 15 or de 20 per cent of the entire population, instead of being in the majority, and on that account entitled to the recognition claimed for their sporadic dictation to society. Perhaps thin can be shown most clearly by eliminating from the so-called *‘ workingmen” all those who donot properly belong to that clnss as it in spoken of in political, trades-union, and. strike parlance, Tho twenty millions of farmers in the United States are not workingmon in the trades-union senso, though they are the hardest worked men inthe conntry, Their day’s work in not an arbitrary allotment of a certain number of hours, but labor from aun- rise to munsot,—longer in the summer and shorter iu the winter, but alwaya Insting till the oxigoncios of farm-life admit of rqpose, Tho farmers are not the kind of workingmen to be included in an antagonism to capital, because they are capitalista as well as work. ingmen. ‘They own their farms, or work on sharea and have an intorest in the extent and character of the product; they own their honses, their horses, their cattle, their imple- ments and tools, and own .the whole or a part of the product of this joint inveatmont of capital and favor. They cannot be count- ed on by the Communists to join in any politicnl, revolutionary, or lawleas reaction against capital. This excludes, then, nearly one-half of the entire population of the United States, or at least 20,000,000 of peo- ple. The trades-union notion of “ working- mon” olso oxelndea all men who work with thete bras more than their mnseles. All the mon who manage rnil- ronds, mines, factories, sops, stores, ond commercia) business; all the mon who aro engaged in the professions; all accountants and salesmen ; all those who follow sedentary avocations in which mental power or educa- tional preporation is more casential than manual labor, are excluded. The distinction is foolish, on two accounts, viz: (1) The workingmen, by leaving out all these classes, voluntarily reduce thelrown condition to n lower plane than is right or proper; and (2) because the managing, business, and pro- feasional mon, aso rule, work harder, apply themselves more hours day and night, and wear out more quickly than any others, Nevertheless, they are not ‘*workingmen" in the sense in which the torm is used ina time of strikes or labor troubles. ‘The term “workingmen,” thus used, can- not include all mechanics, and indeed only n small part of them. It cannot take in those who work for themselves, In all the smaller cities, towns, villages, and throughont the- rural districts, the blacksmiths, carponters, wagon-makers, shoemakers, tailors, and oth- era who work at 5 trade, do so both as capi+ talista and as workingmen, because they have shops and tools of their own, work hard, earn money according to their own skill, ap- plication, and shrowdnoss in atriking a bar. gain, and sell tho product of* their labor. Nor, on tho other hand, can ‘ workingmen” in the trades-union sonse includo all em- ployes nor all mon tiving upon tho wages’ farid, such as clerks, accountants, ond ralos- mon, and those who occupy places where the absenco of hard work tempts them into long hours, dependence, and poor pay; these peo- ple will never make common cause with tho Commune, Let thogo who bonsts themselves as boing “‘workingmon " reflect a little, and thoy will porceive that they are a small minority of the whole American people, and that the re- alization of Communistio ideas is o sheer im- posaibility. THE GREENBACKS AND GOLD, Qno would naturnily expect, therefore, that “the Cincinnati and Chicago financlers would produce aome plan of sesumption of thelr own, to take the place of thoactof 1875, which wonld be recoz- nized by business men agaplan, They want to havo the act '*modifted," and ono might reason- ably expect that they wonld oxpress in busines language tho kind of modification they dertr Wo say in '* business langua: because the re! tion of tho Government to reditors ts a bual- nese matter, and hae to be transacted in terma of finance, and not in terms of poetry or charity, The Government, in all that regards finance, ia sub- atantislly a business man, {¢ {8 both a creditor and a debtor; bas various kinds of obligations out- standing, on some of which it pays Interest by con- tract, and on others of which it does fot... . ‘The only propor anbatitute for the Meaumption act 1s, therefure, a proposal elther ta redeem the greenvacks on some other day than the one named in it, with coln provided in omo other way, or to redeem the greenbacks on that day at lower rato than par, In other words, {f the Government, in undertaking to pay agold dollar for evory paner dollar presented in 1970, has undertaken too much, the only thing itcan now do fs to offer to par dollar for dollar at some later date, or 75 or 50 ‘ae may scem beat, on that aato,—ewo" ‘The Nation is confessedly an “organ.” Like a professional attornoy, it slways dis cusses a question from the standpoint of a client. It denies the wholo caso of tho ad- yersory, and nsaumes all of its own. ‘Thoso who ‘insist that tho Resumption act be % modified,” osk that tho date fixed whon the greonbaoks shall be redeomodon demand in coin shall bo repealed, because (1), with- outn chango of law, coin means gold coin; (2) because, without o chango of law, tho National Bank circulation will bo retired ; and (3) because then, the greenbacks being retired on and after Jan. 1, 1879, all private debta will be payable exclusively in gold coin, As the day draws nearor for this condition of affairs, wo witness the increas. ing valuo of money as compared with other descriptions of property, especially real estate, and, in viow of the great demand for gold, the increasing value of that com- modity, It is not true, os the Nation asserts, that the only proper substitute for tho Resumption law is to fix some other day for the redemption of groen- backs in gold, or to redeem the greenbacks on that day at alowor rate than par, The foot is, that the-Government, except to the extent that it is a debtor, is not » business establishment. It is notafarmer, nor a manu- facturer, nora merchant; it does not pro- duce, nor does it buy orsell, It has no cap- ital and no income except what it grasps out of the people's pockets; and, strictly spesk- ing, bas nothing to do whatever with the resumption of specie payments. Unfortu. nately, however, the Government hag by law, sanctioned only by an insuperable ational necessity, forced upon the country an edition of paper-money, made a legal-tender, The resumption of specie payments ts @ matter to be accomplished by private capital, by the merchants, traders, inechanics, and farmers of the country,—by those who earn money, have capital, and buy and cell as woll as produce, The presence of this Government paper, without any provision for its redemp- tion, has, ever since the War, bean a legal prohibition against a return to specie valucs. Governments are not banks nor merchants, and cannot maintain a redeemable currency. ‘They have but one way to deal with credit- ors. They can levy a tax to raise money ta pay ademand debt, or, unwilling tolevy s tax to pay the debt, they can issue +20 croditor a time note, bearing interest. ‘There has been no time since the War when the country would have submitted to a tax to pay off the demand greenback del Congress has failed to resort to the only other mods, that of taking up the demand note by offoring therefor an intorest-hearing note. So tho greenbacks have remainod in etrentation, ard the Ufsinoss of tho conntry Tas not been permitted to roturn to specio valnos, ‘Kho business of every civilized commercinl nation is of necessity performed by private capital throngh the agency of banks. A Govermental currency must of necessity bo irredcemable and therofore depreciated. Itis to the direct interest of private capital that bank paper be at par. If the Govern- mont paper were gradnally withdrawn and the Banking law liberalized, private capital would furnish the country with apecie notes extal to all demands of trado; and when the Nation asserts that there 18 no other plan to redeem greenbacka than to pay them in coin onand after the day named, or to name some: other day, or to pny them at 4 discount, it misetatos the facts and ignores the history of tho Government indebtedness, Thoro ia n law now which provides that for avory $100 of new bank circulation is- sucd there shail ba retired $40 of green. backs, which thus secures gradual expansion. Under this law there had been rotired, np to Mnly 7, $22,335,068. These were not ro- deemed in gold, and yet the national honor was not forfeited. Tho retiroment of groon- backs under this law would have been much grenter had the policy of the Government been reasonably liberal to the banks, While there have been $27,865,085 now bank eur. roncy issuod under the law of 1875, there have beon $64,000,000 bnnk-note circulation withdrawn, showing that circulation waa not profitable to the banks, But this circnlation may bo mnde profitable. Instead of allow- ing banks only 90 per cont circulation, if they wore allowed tq have dollar for dollar to the par vaino of thoir bonds, and if they were relieved of tho war taxes imposed on circulation and deposits, which taxes equal 2 per cent of their circula tion, then it would be possible for banks to issno notes’ ond have o profiton them. Tochange the law on this subject so as to givo the banks circulating notes equal to the par of their securities, would give to the existing banks, on their present ofrentation of 315,000,000, no less than $35,000,000 of ndditional currency to lonn to the people, and retire $28,000,000 of grecnbacks without the purchase of a dollar of gold for that purpose, Under this liboral- ized law, tho bagks generally wonld, instead of rotiring their notes, make Jargo increase of them; new banks would be started, and, 80 long as the issue of bank-notes was allow- ed to be profitable, private capital would supply the currency to meot overy demand, The Inw of 1875 limits the reduction of gecanbocks under tha,law to %800,000,000, ‘This limitation should be repealed. Then, tho business of the country being allowed to be managed by private capital, the greenbacka would pnss gradually oway aot tho rate of $80 for $100 of the new curroncy that would be insned, until thoy would be so reduced in volumo that they would ciroulate at par with coin and bank-notes. In addition, silver being remonotized and its coinago being free, the bank-notes and the coin would furnish the country with an obun- dance of currency receivable overywhero at par, The country wonld settle down to specio values a8 a natural result without any contraction of currency, but with an expan- ston, thus avolding an extraordinary demand for gold, and without increasing the value of mouey: ns compared with roal satato and other property. All this wonld take placo within a compnratively brief timo, tho polioy of tho Government being once fixed and settled, and supported by the private capi- tal of tho country. Wo can tell tho Nation that the country is nover going to resumo on tho Wall-streot plan of contraction, ———$—$—$$— Nor are the opponents of the Rerumntion act any more oxplicit in glving reasons why we cannot resnmic at tho appointed time than indoscribing what we arcto do instead of resuming. They say in ‘vague way that wo cannot get gold enough to take up $700, 000, 000 of paper, but fail to give any rea son for supposing that if paper were at par gold would peneaied for $700,000,000, or even for $150,000,000, A great demand for gold in leu of paper circulating in trade at par would bo contrary to all experience of human nature.—New York Nation. Will the ation explain, in the first place, how the Government ia to got $160,000,000 in gold to redoom that number of grocn- backs? Having anaworod that, will. it fur- er obliga the seeker after information by explaining whero the Government is to got the goldto redeem the remainder? About $150,000,000 of gold is needed aunially by tho public for the paymontof duties and for. eigu remittances, Is redemption to stop at 9150,000,000? Another question: Aro the greonbacks which are redoemed with gold tobe canceled, or aro they to be pald out ngain? If thoy aro to be reissucd, how aro they to bo reixsned, and for what purposo? And for how many years iu the farco and tho cost of buying gold with greeubocls ‘to rodeem greenbacks, and reissuing tho greonbacks to buy back tho gold, togoon? And will that No ono atteinnte 8 deny. that the competition of reiluction of wages but when ‘Tux c UNK Treads the tall- which it dues not p Even when the Inet Catuiination was formed ‘Tui Trista. waa fore= witt tu stand clear of nllentangling al- tun hiwown road, It bas fought every Evang passunyers, and welcomed vladiy the featlons of bad faith cn the part of raitroud One of the things ‘Tus Taiwuns objected to wasa fool’s bargain which VaNpennit.t was higher rates per 100 pounds froin Chicagoto New York than the Pennsylvania Central and Baltt- west of the Indiana Une, to Philndelpbla and Baltimore, While this cut-throat combination Bint’s Hoes bad no freight to carry, except what was pickod up at Toledo, delivered there violated all agreements and cut all com- bination rates, Tux Taisunm “loudly called” alhances” which left bis roads with nothing tu do, destroyed Chicago as a collecting point and grain, aud built up 8t. Louls and Baltimore at thelr expense. Tum THIOUNE insisted that the should trausport freight to New York as cheaply per 100 p@unds as its Philadelpbia and Baiti- those citlea from the same line of Western lon- gitude. Whatever advautage they had in dis- BILT’s road in curve and grade,—bis lines belng straight and level, having no mountains to ‘Phese positious of Tax Tuinuxm were sound gud correct, and canuot be compromised away Times to the contrary. Holy Cross, the faction of English Rituallstic clergywen who are responsible for the book of jotent cause uf the ia Vis soeds a lesson on this puint i ie ganuimlog & virtue most in condemuation of it, and londly called on Mr. Y. at co-operition to get living rates for re. — Philadel Tunes, roped into making, whereby he agreed tocharge more & Ohlo charged from points In [inols, lasted, no gratn came to Chicago, and Vanpgr- by some of the bankrupt roads who on Vanpxauitt “to stand clear of entangling New York as a receiving polnt for Western Vanpenuitt road from Chicago and the West wore competitors carried produce to either of tance was fully counterbalanced by VawpEn- climb and no short bends to twlet around. or yieldod, the intentional misstatements of the ae It will be remembered that the Society of the fudecencics calicd “The Pricet ia Absolution,” made of the strike and of the mobs, ! rerently repudinted tha unfatr critictems made upon It, and declined to condemn it, but con. sented, Indteference tothe wish of the Archbishop of Canterbury, to withdraw it from clrenlation, In his atatement to the Upper House of Conyo- cation, fhe Archbishop dectared that the opera tons of the Society were © a conspiracy acalust the doctrines, the discipline, ani the practice of our Reformed Church." . Thereupon the Bishop of Lomlon mover a resolution which was unant- mously carried to the effect that the Upper House of Convocation holds the Society of the Moly Crosa “responsible for the preparation and dissemination of the book called ‘Tha Priest in Absolution,’ and that the Soclety has neither repudiated nor effectually withdrawn from cfrculation the aforesatd work.'? The resolution also gues on to condemn any doctrine or practice of confession that ren. dera neccasary the useut such a book, The London Spectator, commenting on the resutni. tom, saya: “No doubt this condemnation hy tho Upper House of Convocation will be in {tself satisfactory to the laity of the English Church, but {t Is only fair to the advocates of confession to remember that, after all, this represonta nothing more than tho collective opinion of the Bishops, and not any legal do- cision of the Church.’* ———————— Acommittee of the Baltimore & Ohio Rail- road strikers, viz.: Mesars. J. H. Etper, Pres- dent C. Snecktes, Sasugy Monmswontn, and 4. D, Price, aldressed a letter to Vico Prestaent Kino settitus forth the rate of pay at which the strikers were willing to resume work, Me. Kina, fn hls reply last Friday, says: ‘hat the whole question may he unileratood. £ Pegrent a table of rate of wazes paid train-men a 861, In 1877, after the reduction, and the rato you now propose: Prureceired er ere rer NOIRE ae noes snl Git wuly ier, by Cammition Tonaagt conductors 2 igetsnanin ‘Tonnage brakemen, 1:33 as a mtotmam by Badd a. 2m 3.00 Tontere engineers. 2.48 2.25, 1.53 2.09 ‘Tonnage Aremen. 1.35 asa mtaiman “sPreminm 23 centa nat incluted, oo Thero{s something pecntinrly reassuring in the announcemant that Brig.-Gen. Lisu bas again retired tothe peaceful avocation of County Clerk. Afterall the other Brigadicr-Gencrala in Chicago had been assigned, and the militia *uad been stationed at tho vost of danger, Brig.- Gen. Lizs got up a volunteer organization; he has had hia name fn the newspapers pretty con- stantly since thenfthough he has as yct mado noreturn of the dead and wounded rioters ho mowed down, Brig.-Gen. Lizn’s terin of offica as County Clerk expires next fall, we bolievc, and we understand that he oxpecta the Demo- crats to renominate him; {t might be considered unkind to inquire how much this clreumatence had todo with the sudden transformation of County Clerk Lizs intoa volunteer Brigudicr without service. SSS eee Bays tho St. Louls Globe-Demoerat: “Tho events of the past few days coustitute a sevorer criticism on our ‘American system’ than tho pen of the most hostile of forelgners has ever written.” And yet pretty short work has been Prepara- tions will be madu for futuro insurrections of the sort that will deal with them promptly and effectually. ————— Tho New York Times thinks ‘there has been at Chicago a curions mixture of temporizing with and fichting the mob, with the natural re- sult of Icaving tho Iesson of respect for tat but very {mperfectly learned.” A good many Chi- cago pcople think tho aqme. —<—————— ‘Tho raflroadand Communistic strikers against the Interests of the community have been pus down, Tho next thing to put down ta the Sir. Lock consplracics of gold resumption by con- traction. We propose to make {t warin for thelr Chicago organ. oo It is Just beginning to get through the halr of the railroad flremon and brakemen that when they struck they hit thetr sympathlzing friends— the public—s blow below the belt in stopping the movement of products, ~ nein Now that the railroad strike seoms to be over, and the trains have rcaumed moving the “craps,” {t fe about time to resume the ques- ee of resuming the allver dollar of the dad- ies. Tho atriko and the Commune having been suppressed, Tun Tuisune proposes to resume its warfare upon tho Wall street echemo of ro- sumption by contraction. | The Oh{o Republican Convention meets in Cloveland to<tay. Tho general supposition ap- pears to be that JudgeTarr will bo the nomi- nee for Governor, ‘The Chicago Times will now have time to re- sumo its twoddle in favor of the Surnock acheme of gold resumption by contraction, PERSONAL. Prorident Grant had an intorview with Terr and Mrs, Wagner at Heldelberz, where all chanced to be atopping, ‘The London 7imea begins an oditorial on the Orange disturbances {n Canada with an allusion. to th fatal epidemic of mesatcs {n the Fil Islands. What could bo more casy or natural than auch an opening? Barnum is lecturing on temperance in London. The Rey. Newman Mall preaited at his first meeting, Mr. Barnum sald ho stopped the use of stimulants absolutely In 1847, He referred. to ble first visit to England with Tom Thumb, and said be wae at that timo a free drinker, ‘There is somo talk in Ross County, Ohio, ef making the honorable anc venerable Job Btoy- envon the next Iepublican candidate for Gov- enor; but there dogs not seem to be the unanimity of sentiment on the subject in uther parts of tho State that 1s desirable if the ebject is to bid ar tained, ‘Tha absence of Gen, Grant ie ery this season at Long Dranch, where, in the old times, it usedtobeaaid: ‘* The King's name tea tower of atrength,"” A lightning calculator bas eathmated that the establishment of the summer capital st Long Branch was worth $500,000 annuajly to the inhabitants of that thrifty resort, An odd woluniey shortly to be published in the Veat-Pocket Series of Osgood, wil! tnclade ‘Tennyson's slew Kingeley’s ** Favor ite Poem: Brown's admirable essay on John Leech, the famous artistof Punch, It vaent w hea privilege to have the sonnets alone in compact shape. Mr. Thomas Welsh writes to the New York World asking that credit ve given to whom credit ‘is due, and stating that be te the beto clothes on at West Tenth wtreet, North River, aod rescued a child from drowning, It required moro heroim to write the letter thau to save the child. Bir William Gregory Welky, av English Baronet, is bothered with too many **belrlooms."* He bas tapestries, furniture, plate, and other valuables so numerous ang bulky that the exspenso of keeping them le very grcat, He nas gota bill throagh Parllament silowing him to dispose of such of the beirlooms ssho docs notneed. It! supposed that Windsor Castle will bid fora good many of the Gobelin tapestries, Then there it 3 small sjlyer mine of plate, inclading an epergne which weighs 658 ounces, soda solid chaadelict weighing 1,492 ounces, “Jack,” tho new novel by Alphonse Dan- dot,- must be s cheerful work, if balf that is* wnitten of ft be true, Poor tittle Jack Ls totro- duted to tho reader at the tener age of 7, tho child of # fasblonable loader of the dem!-monde. Me waffers boy from the vicissitudes of hie moth: er'a life and frow bor selfishness and bearticssncet, Daudet. {t will be rememucred, is the auther uf ‘-Bidonle," and tyls novel {4 said to be even more painfully realistic than that onc. Its motif ts pos albly as puro and carncst a4 that of ‘Moll Fiso- ders," which waa written with lofty moze purpose, sonnets, and Dr, Jobo * who recently jumped into the water with his |