Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, July 30, 1877, Page 4

a THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: MONDAY. JOLY 30, 1877. The Tribune. TERMS OF 5 per mat reas four weeks fol Literary and aa Donble kheet. 3:30 Saturday Eattion, oe ‘Trl-Weekly, one yea Exit Pattaof a year, per “ pet WERKLY EDITION, POSTPAID. One copy, per year.. Club of ten.. Gun of twen vont tree. nd mistakes, be sure and give Port- Tacluding state aud County. bbe made either by draft. Cxpream or in registered letters, at our risk. TERMS TO CITY SCHSCIIDERS, delivered, Sunday excepted, 25 cente per week. Ariivercd, Sundar inclided, aw conta per week. TUE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Madion and Dearvorn-sta., Chicago, Il. Kemitiances ma: Tost-Otfiee orde: MONDAY, JULY 90, 1877. CHICAGO MARKET SUMMARY. ‘The Chicaze protuce markets were ceaerally easier Saturday. Mess pork closed 10c per bri lower, at $15,17%% for Anguat and $13,374 for Scptember, Lard cored Se por 100 hes lower, ot $8.87 for Anguet and $0,023 for September. Meatswere aehado firmer, at Sc per ® for loose shoulders and 7c for do short ribs, Lake freizhts were qulet and stronger, at 4c for corn to Buffalo, Highwines were steady, at $1.08 pergalion. Plonr wasquietand steady, Wheat closed 1@1s:c lower, at $1.27 cash and $1.121¢ eclier August, Corn clused 4@1c lower, at 48%4c cath And 47\¢c seller Angust. Oats cloned ensicr, at 2ke cash and 20%c for Ausust. Ryo wae firmer, at BSigc, Warley sold at 7c for new No. 2 selier September, Hoge were active on shipping account and 10c bighor, eclling at $5,00@5.25, Cattie were firm, with sales on wm basia of $3.00G6, 50 for poor to exira grades, Sheep were 15@25c higher, at $1.50@5.75, One bundred dollars in gold would buy $105.50 In greenbacks at the close. In New York on Saturday groenbacks were steady at 94). Three words will suffice to summarize the aspect of riot mattors in Chicago yesterday : ‘There were none. Sunday at Braidwood was a day of peace- ful calm among the denizens of that provi- ously-diatracted village. The colored miners wore escorted back to the mines under the protection of the civil authorities, who, bneked by the military forco, will be able to seo to it that these willing workers are not interfered with by tho lawlesa rufflans who drove them off. Liout.-Gen, Suzzman hurried back with all possiblo haste from his faraway tour of inspection in the Big Horn country, but with all that railrond spoed could do ho was too lato to tako o hand in the recont un- pleasantnoss. It may be safely presumed that ho regrets it, and there is not tho shadow of adonbt that the people of Chi- cago share in tho regret. Chief Josern with his band of 400 yes- terday marched quietly and peaceably past a body of troops commanded by Capt. Rawn, and the bluecoats fired nevorashot, Thero was, howover, an excellent reason for it. ‘They lay in ambush, and, as they wera out- numbered ten to one by tho Indians, thoy wero mighty glad to sce them go by and themselves romain undiscovored. A mishap in the operating-room of the Weatern Union Telegraph Company at Now York last night cut off the fountain-head of current information from ita western de- pendeucies during most of the ovening, and this oxplanation must accountfor tho meagro array of dispatches presented to the reador this morning. It is belioved, however, that the break has not bereft the reader of any- thing startling in the way of news, ‘Tho mopt serious condition of affairs, and tho worst apprehensions of trouble to come, are fn the Lackawanna coal rogion of Ponn- sylvania, The district is ono vast theatro of idleness and smoldering mobocracy, the striking miners having compelled a total suspension of work both inthe mines and on tho railroods that carry the coal product to market. Gov. Hanrnanrr has offered to ns- siat the Mayor of Scranton in the onforco- ment of Inw and the protection of life and property, but the Mayor fears to avail him- self of tho help of tho State tin, and de- clines to tako tho responsibility, It ina case of official woak back which tho citizens of Scranton will have to find a prompt remedy for, unleas they are reconciled to a complote surrender to the mob, any real necessity exiate at this time for tho employment of the Federal troops now in this city for the protection of private property, it is at least duo to tho officers and men that they be troated with courtesy and respect by thoso whose premises they.are assigned to guard, An officer in command of ono of the battlo-scarred and weather- beaten squads called “ companies” yestor- day mot with about the samo conrtosy and respect at the hands of the proprietor of a North Side distillory that a tramp would or- dinarily recuive,—a style of treatment td which regular army officers aro wholly un- accustomed, and to which the people of Chicago, in the warmth of thelr gratitude to the brave fellows who came to their assist. ance in the hoar of neod, will resent with great displeasure, It ig to be hoped that this is a solitary instance, and that it will romain such during the stay of the regulars iu Chicago. ‘The recent riotous era in Chicago and the prevalence of lobor troubles throughoat the country furnished themes for many of the sermons preached yesterday, The Rev, Dr. W. W. Partox, President of Howard Uni- versity, occupied his former pulpit at the First Congregational Church, the subject of his discourse being "The Solidarity of Hu- man Interests." ‘Tho sermon is printed in fall in our colamns this morning, und is worthy of the perusal alike of the capitalist and the laboriug-man. Both may read a les sou of duty to each other, and neither will find that he escapes censure for bis share in the senseless warfare of interests that are identical. It will be seen that other sor- qons, preached by clergymen of various de- nominations, taky the samo broad view of the criminality of the brief period of mob violence, as well as of tho selfish and rock- less mausgemont of the great railroad lines wherefrom thu causes of the Jabor troubles Lave proceeded. —_— A petition is in circulation among the mer- chatts, to be presented to the Council, ask- ing that the police force be instantly raised to 1,000 men, and that provision be made for mounting 100 of thom. In the present twoper of the busincss-clayses and excite. ment iu the city, wo have no doubt thata loud demand can easily be got up for this great increase of the police force. But there are soune difficulties in the way, one of which is ways ond means. Have tho promoters of thy petition counted the cost,and cousidercd how the money is to be raised?” To increase the Chicezo police-from 430 men to 1,000, and mount 100 of them, will cost, for pny, and horser, new buildings, and all tho other oxpenses which must attend such an inerense, not far from — three- quarters of n miltion ® year. (To pur- chase a scora of lots and erect ascora of brick stations, to equip and ron them, will cost n sum of money that will scem large when taxpaying time comes. Tho courtn “have decided that no money can bo borrow- ed or expended in advance of a tax levied to pay it. The appropriations for this year are made, and the tax ordered to repay it. Can three-quartors of a million of additional floating debt be incurred legally for police purposes for this year? Let us look before ‘we leap, Some increase of the police force would nundonbtedly be useful, Is it abso- Tntely necessary to suddenly add 140 por cent to the force and all its paraphernalia? Let ua, at all events, stop long enough to think it over. The citizens have not lost all power of self-lefense, as the events of the Inst fow days have demonstrated. It is now feared that there will soon boa general strike among the locomotive engineers, Such an occurrence, even though unattended with violence or any attempt to prevent other men from filling the places of the strikers, would greatly cripple the busi- ness of. the country, ax the railroads would find it a slow and diMfcult task to obtain a compotent force tu man the engines, Thus, if the engineers strike they inflict a deliberate injury, not only upon tho railroad managers who refase to advanco thelr wages, but upon tho trade and commerce of tho nation, upon private individuals who have never wronged thom in any way. The railroad enginvers have a reputation for intelligence superior to that of tho classes which have recontly committed such damage to the general interest, and it is carnestly to be hoped they will maintain that reputa- tion by refusing to further paralyze the industries of the entire people, trusting to timo and tho pressure of public sentiment to right their grievances without resort to a strike, THE UNEMPLOYED MILLION-~A DESPER- ATE PROBLEM. ‘Tho recent “ strike ” has presented forcibly to public attention tho fact, not sufficiontly considered, that there are at least one mull- ion of men in tho cities and towns of the United States, and ropresonting a due pro- Portion of families, who aro cithor wholly out of employment or subsisting on tho pro- eocds of odd jobs, or reduced time at low rates of wages, One-half carn but little, and the other half subsist on public and private charity and theft. In seeking for causes of discontent and disturbance, this alono is sufficient, But tho non-employment of so many thousands of persons is itself a doplorablo fact, and tho causes producing such condition of affairs demand oarnest investigation, ond, if possible, @ romnedy. It should be borne in mind that, while there is much skilled labor unemployed, the great bulk of those who ara not engaged aro of the classes without trades, or those whore the trade is of the roughor character, casily learned, and depending on physical strongth rather than on skill; such trades aro all overmanned and surrounded by swarms of unemployed men. . In searching for tha cause of the existing excessive redundancy of town labor, atton- tion must be given to the circumstance that, during the last twenty years, and especially sinco the Civil War, thore has been going on arapid revolution in the comparative popu- lation of tho cities and tho rural districts, classing tho latter as the agricultural and the former the commercial, mechantoal, and laboring population. At the timo of tho American Ievolution, fourths, or 75 out of 100 of tho people, lived mora than threc- upon farms and plantations, At this time the proportion ia reversed in some States. In New England the farmers havo become a small minority of the whole, and the six States may be said to be ono vast workshop, —tho farmers amounting to little more than gardencrs and truck-raisers, New York, New Jorsoy, Pennsylvania, Delaware, snd Maryland have lost all distinctive character they once bad as agricultural States. They aro now covered with citios, towns, and villages, in which commerce is conducted or manufactures are produced, and the people no longer hyo by work on the farm, In Ohio, which, ono generation ago, was the leading agricultural State of the Northwest, the same change has taken place, and a large majority of her population live in the cities and towns, In Indiana, half or more of the people have crowded into tho towns, and even in Diinois more than one-half the population do not live on the farm, In most of the Western and in some of the Sonthern Btatea the city population is increasing much farter than the agricultural, ‘Tho Pacifia States and the Torritories consist chictly of city and mining population. Take the wholo North together, the townsreprosent GO per cont and the country but 40 of the total inhabitants. Congrogated around Now York harbor are at least two millions of souls, whoress at the beginning of tha century there was not to exceed sixty thousand, > For a number of years tho drift has been into tho cities, All over the Northorn Statea there hag beon an abandonment of the farm for city life; the young mon and the young ‘Woien havo to an unfortunate extent tired f the honest, respectable industry of the farm, They have beon weak enough to seck * genteel” -employments in the cities, ‘The young mun have no trades; thoy do not ‘want to work at trades; they want to live in the citles ns clerks, and onjoy the cxcite- ments, the amusements, the gayeties; they want to learn billiards, witness horse-racing, loarn the mysterios of fast lifo, woar fash. jonable clothes, high collars, fancy negktics, aud gloves. This surplus laboring popula. tion of American citios has in liko manner been enormously increased by immigration, Of the millions of immigrants to the United States during the laxt twenty-five yours, four- fifths, if not a greater proportion, came from the farms, but not one-third of them sought out the country and wenton the land; the other two-thirds, ‘without trades or profes. sions, squatted in the cities, and here thoy havo continued to increase until the city and town population in the Northern States has been recruited from abroad and from the interior with men uneducated to any trades, and dependent wholly upon such rude and precarious employments and occupations as may be picked up from time to time, aud which require but litle skill or experience, ‘The great calamity those people bring on themsclyes and upaz society is in abandoning the honest, independent, aud. self-supporting work of the farm, in which they have hod experience, to seck a living in the already over- crowded cities, without any knowledge of wechanical, mercantile, or professioual occu- pation; and in the fact that they ssek this life in the city because it promises opportunities for habits aud associations fatal alike to tem- perance, industry, and integrity. ‘The War stimnlated a demand for cor- tain lines of manufactures, and the War tariff raised the prieds of all goods very greatly, and excited the cupidity of enpital with the glittering prospect of aniddon wealth, Under the hope of excessive profits on dear manufactures, capital was enormously invested, production was stim- ulated, and Iabor was seduced by the prospect of \ high wager from the forma of Ewropo as well ns this country; while ficets were employed in transporting the poasants of Ireland and other foreign countries from their farms to the cities of America, Unier this hot-bed system of stimulating manufactures, a vast scheme of ratlrond-building was inaugurated, and myriads of,laborers were set nt work grading tracks, boring tunnels, excavating cuts, constructing embankments, building bridges, and laying tracks. The production of iron and of conl be- came enormous. Flundreds of thousands of nen were put at work in the bowels of tho earth extracting ores and coal, and put at work in furnaces and mills making fron and steel. The inflation extended to all other similar productions, etween tha end of 1866 and the end of 1876, there were built 38,- 204 mules of railway, at a cost of $2,500,000,- 000, or more than the whole national debt. ‘Then there was a crash, Then all this labor ceased, Then these mon came out of the mines, and the furnaces, the mills, the factorics, and the shops; there was no more work for them; and they have been idlo in grent degree ever since. All this explains how it {s that before the strike there wero onc million of men out of work, and recciving no wages, in the cities of the Northern Stntes, Assuming that all the mien who were put out of omployment by the late strike should be restored to Iabor, it will not chango the fact that ono million of able-bodied mon will still be idlo or slightly employed. Now where is tho remedy? This constant rash of persons from the farm to the city— this constant aggregation in the cities of the immigrant population—cnnnot go on with. out in timo producing a social revolution. The superstracture is becoming heavier than the foundation. Tho city population is too large for the sgricuitaral Tho latter are no longer numerous enongh to consume the sur-' plus which the excossive town population can manufacture. We export but little ex- cept agricultural products. Our high-tariff system was calculated only for the supply of the homo market; but that market is inndequate. Great Britain has a vost ex- eess of city population, but her free-trade commercial systom finds an outlet in foreign countries all over the world for the surplus goods made in the cities. Sho exports twenty times as many fabrics a5 wodo, and thus furnishes omployment for her inyrind town population. But our artisans have been ‘‘protected to death.” Tho ory has been to “eavo them from the compotition of British pauper labor,” until they are becoming paupers themsolves, and thousands of them have been returning to great Great Britain for work to prevont want and starvation, =” The only branch of labor which is tot overdone, and which offers Indepondenco and fairly remunorative reward for toil and coon- omy, ig that of the farm. But It fs not at- tractive. Those out of work in the cities and towns don’t want to return to the farms. ‘The most of them would rathor live on char- ity aud in miserable aqualor than try to make 8 living by cultivating tho earth. ‘Choy aro infatuated with the sights, and sounds, and dissipations of city life, ‘Thero is room in tho Northwost for farm. ers and farm-hands; there are thousands of comfortable homes for men and women, and for families, on tho farms of the West, Northwest, and Southwest. It docs not re- quire much capital, but it requirea resolu- tion and willingness to work, aud to work diligently, willingnesa to livo soberly and honestly, and men and womon who aro now living in cities in aqualid poverty, dependent ‘on public charity, with families growing up in pauperism, might find happy and plenti- ful homes boyond tho cities if thoy could frea themaclyes of tho fascination of city life, How to induce this starving, destitute, surplus labor of tho cities to take tho health- fal, reomunorativo omployment which is of- fered them on tho farin, is a queation worthy’ of the profoundest consideration. No ro- vival of business in our day ix Hkely ever again to furnish work and wages to tho vast surplus town population now idle, and to the myriads on the farms of Europe waiting the signal of reviving times to flock to the cities of America, THE In yoaterday’s ‘I'nisuxg appeared a letter signed ‘' Railroader,” in which it was writ. ten: . From every quarter of the country there echoce And re-echoca the cry ‘*atrike,” and with It coupled the thought of re-enactment of the hor- rors of Pittsburg and Balttmore, while tho general opluton of the masses place rallfoad men at the head of all, as tho promulgaturs and inetigatore of the same, It {abut Justice to them to refute this arge. Admitted that railroad men entered Into pact among themssives to cndeavor by euch mivana ae inight prove most cfilcient to secure their purpose uf regaining thelr former wages by caus- {ng uceevation in the transportation businews of theie respective roads, ehould this be made the cause of all the terrible calamitieaendured tn ern citles at the handy of @ Communietic ana frenzied mob of loafers, tramps, and worthless fellows? Wo have no disposition to dé the railroad men any injustice; ,but have they been done injustice? What didtheydo? It is conceded that the railroad men in all partsof tho coun- try enterod iuto a secyot compact, oa well those having a grievauce as those not hay- ing ono, to strike, and, by a general suspen- ion of the railroad transportation of tho country, coerce tho restoration of rates of wages which had beeu reduced, ‘Chis our corrospondont claims to havo beon legitimate and proper, and denios that any portion of the riots aud mobs can be attributed to this action on the part of the railroad men. Ia thia true? Was tho railroad strike justia. able? Let us see, ® Cortain railroad companies have, on vari ous pretexts, just or unjust, reduced the ‘wages of their operatives; in some instances the wages have been reduced s0 much that the mon claim they are not pald enough to support their families. This wasa contro- yeray betwoon these companies sud their employed men; tho public, so far as it was informed of the facts, universally sympatbiz- ed with the employos, In many sections there were railroads which had made no se- rious reductions, and the operatives had no special cause of complaint. ‘The companies own the railroads and the cars, Thoy trans- port the imails and stores of the Government and the products of the people. ‘They trans. port everything that every man has to sell, oudeverything that isbonght. They transport monoy, drafts, notes, and claims. In skort, the entire business of the conntry is done by the means of these railroads. ‘They are the national highways,—the ronds by which the people travel and business is done. To stop transportation on the railrovla of the country, is to play the part of tho highwayman. It in not the railroad company whose business is arrested, but that of the whole people of the nation; it isnot the company’s goods that are stopped on the road, it is the property of the people; of the one hundred millions of dollars’ worth of property daily transported over the ratlronds of the United States, but a minute portion belongs to the railroad com- panies, Even n very large proportion of the freight-ears, especially coaland oro cars, aro private property, When the railroad hands, therefore, entered into acompnct to stop the transportation of morchandise, it was a compact not to stop the transportation of railroad property, but the property of the pnblic, The compact was, therefore, of some thousands of persons engaged in 6 par- tienInr branch of business against all the rest of the community,—a compact against the farmers, merchants, manufacturers, and producers of every kind, by a comparative handful of discontented persons, The con- spiracy was not one merely against railroad companies and railroad property, but against the people's interests, people’s property, and people’s business, To arrest the railway trains was to close nll the highways to mar- ket; no man could take anything: to or bring anything away from market; nothing could be bought or sold; in a few days all kinds of work requiring fuel wonld be brought tonstandstiil. ‘Cen days of such suspension would produce a famine in bread and beef in the mofority of the towns in the country. A total suspension of three days would cut off the supply of milk, ond frnits, and ice from the inhabitants of tho cities. In Chi- cago, to cnt off the supply of coal would de- privo the city of water. ‘These are some of the calamitics inevitablo upon this railroad strike, all of which would fall upon the gen- eral public, aud none of them upon tho rail. road companios. Onr correspondent, there- fore, fails to consider the magnitude of the conseqnences of such an interference with the business of the nation. He makes a sad mistake in supposing it to bo a mero blow at railroad companies, and fails to show any differonco in tho results of tho conspiracy of tho railroad operatives, ond tho re- sults of auy conspiracy against law ond or- dor, and public and private property, by those ke so properly denounces as “ta Com- munistic aud frenzied mob of loafers, tramps, and worthless fellows.” Huw could he expect the sympathies of the peoplo to bo on tho sido of such an assault upon thom- selves? THE GOVERNOR OF INDIANA. ‘The Governor of Indiana has made himself conspicuous, He has earned the distinction of being the most impotent and pusillanimous individual who has been found in public fo during tho prevailing tronbles, ‘Thore was just ono policeman in Chicago who showed tho white feather, and he was driven of in diagrace by his comrades; bat this man can at lenat plend b orate that ho was in per- sonal danger.4 But tho Chief Exccutive of tho groat State of Indiana, with his hide abaolutoly rafe from puncture, has snt down with confessed imbecility whilo the com- merco of his Stato was violently assaulted and the peoplo torrorized by a lawless mobp Several days woro allowed to pass, and the strikers thus enabled to gain tho mastery everywhere, before he so much as raised his voice in protest? ‘Then he manifested himsclf in n Teeblo proclamation, in which he argned and temporized with tho mob very muchas Seymour addressod tho Now York riotors during the War, as ‘ My frionds.” Having exposed his pusillanimity ou paper, the Governor of Indiana rolapsed into his previous condition of dejéation, in- difference, or cowardice, and tho people of Indiana aro to-day moro helplossly at the mercy of the etrikers than those of any other State, Only thoso railroads which are bank- rupt, and in the hands of the United States Courts, and thereby claim tho protection of the United States authorities, can offer any resistance to the lawless strikers. From the first the Indiana strikers were tho most aggressive, probably bocausa they esti- mated the character of ‘‘ Blue-Jeans” Wri zama at its proper value. It was in that Btato tyat tho passonger-trains were first stopped. At Indiauapolis and Terre Haute even the United States moily wero inter. rupted, ‘The Governor lifted not o finger. He ie probably too much of 4 State's Rights doctrinaire to call on the Genoral Govern- ment for assistance; yet ho has afforded the most conspicnous oxample of the supremo folly of o State claim of sovereignty without the powor to control, or dven oppose, local mob violence, Indiana scems to have no fitato militias; or, if it has, there has not been a motion made to use it, There has been no effort to organize the law-abiding people into a system of protection, and tho more prominent railroad centres in the Btato ero as badly off to-day as they wore at tho inauguration of the strike; if anything, the railroads in Indiana have leas hope of pro- tection than ever, ‘The Pittsburg, Fort Wayne & Obicago Toad would probably be in full operation thls morning if it wore not for the hostile and uncontrolled disposition of the Fort Wayne strikera, Tho officers of tho road at that point have been left entirely at their own resources, Only a couple of days ago the atrikers threatened to take possession of the offices and papers of the road, and would havo carried ont their threat if it had not been for the personal resistance of Division. Superintendent Gonnam, Saturday the Su. perintendont, with the Moyor of the city and the Sheriff of the county, at- tempted. to draw off a couple of cars, and wero forced to abandon the effort, Subsequently these gentlemen returned with # warrant for the arrest of the ringloader of the strike, and were compelled to retreat to save tholr lives. Several rail- roads run through Fort Wayno, and there are extensive shops and foundries, which are closed. ‘The strikers are formidable in numbers, ond non-resistance has made them bold and confident. It is probable that they cannot be overcome now without a serious contlict, and in this crisis the Governor ox. tends uo sympathy or aid to the Jaw, nor opposes any resistance to the lawless, It has been charged that this Gov. Witz tus is in sympathy with the mobocrata, It begins to look like it, The very fect that he promises assistance, while he gives none, would indicate that he is deceiving the people in the interest of the strikers. If ,not in active sympathy with the violation of the law, be is at best criminally imbecile, We venture the assertion that most of the law-abiding people in Indiana, whether Republicans or Democrats, hare earnestly regretted within the past fow days that they did not elect Gen, Hannison Goy- ernor instead of this inofticient old boor. We do not soe how thas State is to be rescued from the assault of the atrikers exe»pt by an up- rising of the people, without any regard to the Governor, It is certain that he will do noth- ing forthem. But the first step to be taken After tho restoration of business should bo in direction of s inovement looking to the im- peachment of non Executive who has been falthloss to his duty, and who has disgraced himself ond his State, UR MILITIA. ‘The oxciting events of the past week have developed many gratifying, and, to a certain oxtent, unexpected results,—hone more 80 than the handsome condnct of the First and Second Regiments of this city. There wore fow who did not believe they would do their duty, but perhaps thero wero atill fowor who thonght that thoy wonld do their duty so well and so completely, The conduct of the militia in the earlier stages of the strike nt many places in the East was somehow taken by many people as n sample of what tho conduct of tho militia might bo everywhere elso, under the same circumstances, Tho militin of Pittsburg having sympathized with the mob, and in some cases openly de- sorted their arms nnd affliated with them, it was argued by some that the Chicago militia, in case of riot, would do the same thing. We have had the riot and the mob, ond neither regiment has proved unfaithful to its duty. When the call was made upon them, they turned ont in full ranks, There wore no absentees excopt those away from the city or on sick-beds, Not a man flinched, They have been on duty day and night, act- ing as the reserve of the police, and, although they have not been called upon to take ony active part in the fighting, thanks to the efliciency of the police. their discipline and disposition? thoir coclness and detor- mination alike, showed that they would have done excellent servica lad the police been overpowered, or had they been called upon to make a direct nttack upon the mob, They have done what they were bidden to do tike good soldiers, ‘Their conduct commends them to tho confidenca of the community, and ontitles them to its gratitude, and shows that, in case of any future trouble from the vicious classes, they can bo rolicd upon to protect tho city. . While we would not for a moment surten- der the absolute importanco of incronsing tho regular army to a minimum of at lenst 40,000 men, so that a nucleus of regulars can always bo within call of tho citios whera dangerous inobs aro apt to arise, we would urge stilt more forcibly the nacessity of in- creasing tho militia of Illinois. This State is wrotchedly provided for, At least four- fifths of tho counties have no mili. tary organization whatever, In case of a mob, however malle it may be, and armed only with sticka and stones, the Sheriffs of these counties are tnable to onforce the ordors of courta or prescrve the peace. In Braidwood, tho othor day, tho mob of coal-miuers laugh- ed at tho Shoriff of the county when ho or- dored thom to disperse, and ran him out of the mincs. Ho was powerloss in the prom- ines. ie had no posse comitatus to call upon that could offer resistance to the mob or onforce his ordera, aud was at last obliged to call upon the Governor for the help of militia from other counties, This is simply a shomoful condition of things. The farmers themselves have not done their duty in this mattor, Their hardy, strong-armed sons ought to bo enrolled in the ranks and do military duty, instead of leaving it to the young men of tho cities, Woll-Intentioned and robust young mon overywhero should take pride in identifying themsolves with the militia, We nood in this State nt least twenty-five or thirty rogimenta: of infantry, besides the proper proportion of cavalry and light artillery, In Chicago, Inatead of having two wskeloton regiments, there should be four or five, filled to tho maximum aud kept up in good style. The ovents connected with this atrike show that we have been living in false security, aud warn na to pre paro for tho future. by placing tho State upon a basis where she can take caro of horself in case of sudden ematos, The Militia law passed last winter affords ample authority for the organization of the noces- sary regiments, If the fund sot apart for militis purposes be not large enough, Jet it bo increased. All good citizons should aid and encourage tho movement, It is powsible to placo overy city and town in Ilinois ina condition of nafety against mobs by roin- forcing tho police with militis, except in cases of overwhelming magnitude which may require tho servicos of regular troops, The young man wiom old Mr. Sronur em- ploys to write up the advertisements of servant Girls seeking situations is sadly tu need of in- structions. He could with profit study tho sys- tem of Tux Txinunn In this regard. He would find that where women in want of employment write thelr own advertisements and pay for thelr insertion in the last named paper they almost invariably give thelr realdences, or the places at which they may bo secn, or whero word may be left. This peculiarity was ob- servable in 80 out of the 86 ‘wants’? of this class printed in yesterday's Triuuns; while of those printed in the Wells atrectconcern it was uoticcable that the entire number gave the Times officoas the only ad- dress, The smallest experience and observa- tion should show that when workingwomeno want situations they go about getting them in the shortest ‘possible way, and are not ut all givento negotiations by mail. This fact sof interest to the Zimss man who prepares the Sunday advertisements; it wil! doubtless sug- gest tho vropricty of changing his achemo so as to make ft more closely correspood with the ‘probabilities of the casc, ———— Speaking of Wednesday's abortive hich-fring to scare tha rioters, the New York imes ob- serves; Chicago has been the srena of riots In which eev- eral people have been killed aud many wounded. It fe not pretended that the rivters were railroad- bands, nor that they had any real interest in any labor ‘movement, ‘They wery ruliuns who weut Into the mob for the sheer excitement of the thing. ‘The rioters were eucournged by a kiod-bearted eztur of the police, acting under the Say: Those oficete of the peace attempted tu scare the rioters by fring shots Inthe alr, or blank cartridges, The rabble were scared untll they foul tha tos body was hurt, Then they recovered thelr courage and charged upon the pollce, and several were hurt. It would bave teen a mercy to have fred bali-cartridges iu tho fret inetunce. That would have brokun the uiob. The temporiziug spirit which peras ‘with blank shots was newer wesciful por edlectlve, ‘ ——— The press of the East are denourlog the Chicago authorities for thelr blauk-cartridge and high-tirlug uonsense last Wednesday. Suys tue Hera ‘Thery ie no reason in the world for being careful wes ofa mob, Js ie a wild beast, wud it hot dowu. That isthe plain truth uf i ‘bere en 00 much triling with mobs already, and people act ups bullaballoa because « nioter, caught red-banded with a brick 10 his Hat, fawbot down. We trust the authorities in this city and Btste will give strict orders to the police and military to **sim low,” and to deliver a» effective Gre as they can, whevever they face os mob, A citizen can du po better work, be be policenian or milittsuisa, than when bo shoots lowuarloter, He deserves s medal from the State forkt. ———— ae If the strikers bad contined their dispute to a fight with the railroad compauies, the sya- pathies of the public generally would bo pretty strongly on thelr aide. But when, in order to coerce the ruads, they struck the whole people a me Wow In the face, their sympathy turned sudden ly into anger at the strikers. It makes all the difference in the world whose bull Is gored, The New York Hutictin gives the following as the number of railroad men employed on five La Pennsylvania, tani West linc Baltimore & Ohio... ..0eeeeeee ‘Total ., neers cone econ anes eee It thinks this avout one-half the number who have been ona atrike in the country at large. But the men thrown out of etnployment by the forcible tnterference of the strikers with the commerce of the country were probably five times as many as the strikers. a PERSONAL. An English parson libeled a brothor-cler- gyman by sowing ‘*Whitchoat tsa acamp" in mustard anid cress In his garden, and the libeler has deen committed for trial. Miss Amy Sedgwick, an nctreaa formerly well known to the Engilsh public, narrowly escaped drowning In the River Thames recently. he had sank twice, when she was reacued by one of hor companions, Militia are militia, it ia trno; buts Penn- sylania or Maryland militiaman is a very different order of beIng from a Now York of Mlinols millthas ian. Thin facts important; and, elnco found, should ho made a noto of, Prof, Hitchcock, of the New Hampshire Geological Survey, has recently completed and set up inthe Capitol a raleed map about fifteen feet wide by cight long. It {s constructed on a acale of one Inch to a mile, and the helght of the olevation 19 on the scale of an inch to 1,000 feet. Private Datzell hina been renominated for election to tne Ohfo Leglstature, and will probably he returned. He wasa useful member at the last seasion. ‘‘Hlis too many contributions to the press," remarky the Cincinnatl fazeffe, **have viven hima reputation abroad that does fnjustice to tho man," Gen. Ewing’s friends feol that he was treated with ingratltade by the late Domocratic Convention in Ohlo, All that he has had since he came into the party {4 an election tu Congress, In which he haa not yettaken biseeat, and all he asked wasa nomination a8 Governor to be a atepping- stone tu the United States Senatorahip. “The trouble with Wagner and Liszt,” re- marked a rabid advocate of ~* popular” rousic yes- ferday, ‘fe thet they ure not musician, They don't know anything aboot music, Bless my oul, they are only theorists!" And the aneaker coms placently Junkud about, as if foviting scuntroversy, welleattafied that he did understand the art and theory vf music, If Wagner and Liszt did not. An event of considerable importance in England that hae cecaped attention in this country was the unveiling at Wantaye of the statue of King’ Alfred, The Prince und Princess of Wales were present onthe occasion. Bishop Butler, as well ue King Alfred, was born at Wantage, and the oc- caston scemed to the London Times Sitting for an article commomorative of theae two worthica, The King of Gaboon died, none too soon, abont the beginning of May, at the advanced ago of 100 years. Io was the oldest native Prince on the African coast. Iiis cldcst son, Andaute, who succeeded. immediately broke up his father's ha- remand cashiered the women to the number of 100, He lsu Iderated all the deceased King’s elaves, and abolished the sacrifice of human belngy at religious rites, ec H. E. Bird, the woll-known English choss- player, 1a about Sasuings book, cutitted **Chees Openings," in which he critically und practically considers tho most approved incthods of attack and defense In the game, with several variations suggested by the author's practice during a quarter of acantury with the best players in Europe, ant tu threv International gatheringa at London, Viens na, ond Philadelphia, The Arny and Nacy Journal regards the Inte engagement betweon tho Pernvinn lron-clad Uuascar and tho English veaeels In the Pacific Ocean ax confirmation of Farragut's theory that wooden veseuls in battle with nrimored ships ehould getclose up and Ozht hard. Thelr shote do dam- age through the port-holea of the Ironclad, while at short range the shot of the Jattor pass hrough the wooden vessel and explode beyond. An English, gentleman of strong Catholic sympathies objectoa to paying taxes on his villa by the Lake of Como to thu impious Italian Govern- meant, and appealed to Lord Derby for protection, ° ‘Tho latter dechined to intorfere, whereupon Mr. Sterling launched tho most frightful imprecationa 1s Lordsnin’s devoted head, closing with this aspiration: ** Say your childron be fath- and beg their broad, und your wife a widow! And may tho curso of your outraged, pillazed, abandoned victim cling to you and yours forover}"” It is belleved Str. Sterling ts crazy, Tho London Saturday Review hegina a criticism of Sfr, Charles Roade's ** Woman-Hater"” In this cheerful manner: ** Mr. Marrington Vizard, the woman-hater of Mr, Charles Reado’s now tate, had the best of reasons fur being not only a misoyy- iat huta mtsanthrope. Tno peopla with whom he lived were elinply detestabic, ‘The men were, onthe whole, rathog moro treacherous than the women; while almost every ona hu knew acted and spoke In an Intulerably abrupt and jerky manner, Even to read of such wotnen and mon, who forever say ‘Ia, 'and ‘bang ft all," and who flush, turn palo, tremble, sich, and cry will freedom, gives one the mualady called by Americans ‘tho Juimps.'"* The Rey. Frederick Smith, of Taunton, Eng., uss carned tho title of a clerical Rip Van Winkle by tle arnusing attack upon the Mayor of that village, who happens tu be 8 Jew, Tho Itev, Frederick addressed a note to the Jewish Mayor, aaking whether it was true thathe was **an unbap- {ized person, and courequently not a Christian,” and suggesting to him the expediency of resigning If wach wers the awful fact. Mayor Jacobs answered with brevity unit vense, admitting that ho wow adow, and taking pride in the fact that he enjoyed the respect and confidence of the commus nity {nan tinuoual degree. ** shall," he con- cludes, ‘*ever rotalna pleasing recollection of the high distinction that hav been conferred on me, and shail not permit anything to mar the pleasure 1 fee! in eunecribing myscif Myer Jacobs, Mayor of Taunton." A London school-boy 12 years of age com. mitted suicide recently becauso he feared a flog- ging. oe had played truant, and knew what the Heual consequeaces were. The matter has atirred up agreat commotion in the newsphpera, and a Parliamentary Inquiry has been demanded. Some persone fauiliar with the disciling of the school have written to tho London ‘Times about tt, maintaining that the pablic would not be aston- ished at the results if they knew how the tlozying wasdone, The Rev. A, A. Day ssye over bis uwn wiguature that two men are required for the opera~ tion, One takes bold of the boy, Lolets him un tho buck by the wrists, and keeps hi pended, ‘Tho other alrips off bie coat, and, armed with a farge aud beavy rod, gives Giteca culs un the boy's baru Lack, and theev with wight andainain, Tole, however, way & mild flogging, fur if thu offense wavatall great, the boy, ufter having fftcca cuts on hile back, received tiiteen more In another place with @ Srosh rod; andl that, wt least in Mr. Day's thne, used to be the punishment for running away, ‘The school at which this sort of fogging prevalls ta called, by on odd trony, Christ's Hospital. Henry Merritt, the artist whorecently died in England, was capectaliy famous as a restorer and preserver of pictures, in which capsciy he kained such repute that ho was consulted and em- ployed by most of tho dletingylshed owners of private galleries amuny tho nobility sud others, and aleo by the authorities of the Natlonal Gallery gud the Noyal Academy, Ils moet famous work wan the cleaulog of tho ancient portrait of Rich+ ard 1l., which used lo bang ubove tho Lord Chan- cellor's pew iu the chor of Weatmin- sice Abbey, snd was removed in 1773 to the Jeruaniem Chamber, where it uow Is, Jt was kuowu that uot only bad the picturo been palated Bfrceh, Los the pluster crown aud fis imitation Jewels had been supplied. This, then, would bave to be cut off, de well as the thick coating of wil palot which Uspt. Broume and one Muss bad be- stowed upou the portrait in thelr restorations, 16 Sppesre tbat Mr. Mereitt operated upon half of the face tret with such sulvents as Le koew practically would take off of] paiut, but not act upon ine tem- pera work which he belicved was the original pictare. It was an snaious moment, aud it tsxed ‘all bis skill to observe the caustic action se it pro- cvoded, and tu stupit when it had gone far enoagb. To the delight of himself aud sr. Richmond, watching the effect, the face of the old King show- edout, with the auburu curly bulr aud the blue- gray eyes, sloost perfect Iu the ancient lempers painting, resewbling ip style the well-knowu vx- Amplea of Menu aud tho old Itallans of thy four- teenth century. The work wos thus carefully pro- ceeded with, aud this precious relic of the art of the tle and most valusble portrait was recovered. GEN. SHERID: N. His Return from the Indian Coun. try Yesterday. What He Saw in tho Wilderness of Dakota. Licut.-Gen. Sheridan and staff arrived tn the city yesterday morning in o special traln, vis the Northwestern allroad, accompanted by Gen. Crook. Gen. Sherilan was tov fatirred after his tong ride from the Plains to this city tobe made the aubject.of an interview, fle was conalderably pressed with bualness pertain. ing to the Department, and when the hurry was over he retired to bis home to taken much. necded reat.- Besides Lieut.-Gen. Sheridan, there were with him of his staff, Gens. D. B, Sackett, J, W. Forsyth, G. A. Forsyth; Lleuts, Schuyler and Bourke; Lieut. Carpenter, tue entomologist and naturalist; Col. Farrar, vol. Welsh, and Surgeon Patzki. ‘The party were on thelr way home when they heard of the strikers’ troubles, which hastened thelr return considerably. They roilo 150 miies ty stage, from the Unlon Pactfla Hailrou! toy Camp Brown, where the perty indulged tn the luxury of Saprine bath—than which there [5 ny finer fu the world. From here 350 miles were ridden on horseback to the mouth of the Ble Horn and Little Horn-Rivers. On the tth Inst., on Shell Creek, inthe Big Horn Moun. tains, the party bad the pleasure of witneastig athree-Inch fallof snow. Last Monday they met, Gen. Sherman, on the steamer Rosebud, within, ten iniles of the Mig Horn Mountains. ‘The Tuts returned via the Yellowstone and Miasour} Rivers tu Bismarck by boat, and thence te Chi. cago by rail. ‘The trip. was In all: respects a delightful and successful one, and the party fared sumptuousiy on ish and game. Lieut. Geu. Sheridan became better acquainted with the couutry. and is for that resson better able to judge where new military posts will be need. oi for the protection of acttlers on the fron- jer. = GBY. CROOK, with Lfeuts. Bourke and Schuyler of his staff, left the city yesterday morning for Oma- ha, where busingss of Importance has calied hin, counceted with the Department of the Platte. The sudden call for troops for duty inthis clty was answered mainiy fram Gen, Crook's command, and thia has ‘causetl some- what of a derangement of tie various posts aad garrisons there, necessitating an immedi- ate departure. The General's recent tour of inspection was one full of futerost and milk tary importance. The party left the Union Pacifle allroad at Bryan, and proceeded north iu stages to Camp Brown, in the Wind River Valley, Mgoniing Territory, thence to a camp at the base of the Big Horn Mountains, At this polit 8 scientific party compose of Licuts, urke, Schuyler, and Carocnter wae made up ty ascend this heretofore unexplored mountain, ‘That ia to say, no ‘one has ever reavhed the actual murine of Cloud Peak. After reaching an elevation of about 13,000 fect they were unabie tu proceed further, owlng to the Inac- cessible rocks encountered, They, however, reached o higher polat than any former party, Several’ like attempts lave been made during the occupancy of the Big Hurn country by United © States trovpa In 1867-'B, Gut none lave Been successful. Amongst other interesting oveurrences of thls exploration was the discovery and naming of Hayes Peak, a polnt fatting out frou Cloud Peak, and the highest mountain of this range, Alarge collection of the fauna was miaile, in- cluding some very Intercsting discoveries of new species. These have been properly pre- served, aud will be forwarded to the Smith- suntan Institute. While on this subject tt may be aswell tu say that Gen. Welsh, of Cnicazo, who accompanied the expedition tn the cause of actentiile juvestication, shot two of those rara anitnals known as the prock and) cammeleu— so sory of those who were there say. Any ersuns {interested in zovlugy shontd” call on he General tor a setatled description, Of course ull Kinds of game were killed, b eluding black-talled decr, mountain ste mountain bison, and two bears, Of the laticr, Gen, Sheridan killed ove amt Crook the other, The Gencrals were in duck. ‘Pho bison la a apectes inuch enialicr than the bullulo, as tect almost as adcer, aud us sure-fuuted us o bite horn sheep. After lvaving the Cloud Peak eam, the expe- dition crossed the range at the head of Tongue River, passing the place where Finerty, of tio Times, lost suminer faved death so nearly that he could count the tecth fn the erin nionster’s skull, The bones of Sibloy'’s horace were whitening in the sun,a monument for tho future traveler to ask about, anil te be told that hers heppened an episode of Indian warfare such as has no parallel, And jt. is sald that: Lon Fin," na the soldiers of Crook's communi use. to call hi, expressed the regret tuat wills the Mudians had them surrounded he feared ne would not be able to publish so ood an item of news, Descending into the Valley of the Big Horn, they found numerous parties of + MINES AND PHOSPECTORS, in aquads of tive to thirty, all hunting for gold. It isto be regretted that as yet nous of then had been successful; ot Scast no paying pros pects had been washed vut. Should a niore thorough search prove these first attempts er- roncous, and gold be tuaud fu quantities, the extent of the region ty such It would absorb a good many thousands of our survlus poputa- ton immediately, ‘There is no doubt of tho agricultural and pastoral capacities of that country, whatover have been thu false reports of Tenarans persons who have written on this ques- tlou, On Tongue River the expedition was joined YA the cavalry escort of tive companies of the ifth Cavalry under Maj. Hart. 'Thts foree was hecessary, owing to the fact uf att chu ludiaus in Dakota not baviug been coipelled to go on to reservations. z Yu route to Voss No. 3 (this ts to be called Camp Custer), located at thu mouth of ‘Tongue iver, Custer's vattlelleld wag vissdod and tho bones of acventeen bodles found and burted. ‘These had not Leen disvovered vy previous pur- tlea scut out for this purpose, At Post No.4 the expedition took boat and steamed to Bismarck, 40 miles, in four days, here telegraine reached Gen, Sheridan and the p ity started iu tu mate time ona special train ur Chicago, One part of the route, a thousand sulles, was made in thirty-nine hours. a ————! THE NEZ PERCES, They Walk Refore White Men's Guns With out Getting Thelr Hides Plorced, Missourt, Mont., July 23,—The Indlans threw a force below Rain's position on Loio trail, The Decr Lodge company has gone to open commuuication with Capt. Rawn. The Vhullpsturg company of sixteen arrived at Lolo to-day, ‘There i¢ uo fnformation from Gen. Gibbon, The Indians appear determincd to force o passagato the buffalo couvtry, A proclamation of the Governor \ras issued on tho Wweh, calling out all organized companics ia Deer Ledge aud Missourl Counties. The Flat heads are co-operating with Rawn, and bave al- ready squt a number of warriors to Rawn's cam) Daun Lonax, July 90—A company from Butte. with sixty-nine men, aro st leaving for tho frout. Another company of thesamne num- ber are expected to-day. ‘Tho Deer Lodge Ite serves, wulubering twenty-tive, left last evening. Dexn Lopar, July 20—Latest.—A letter from Gov, Votts says Joseph's band*passed Capt. Rawn's intrenchurent yestyrday Jute In the ale ternoon, within gunshot, Mot o gun was fired atthem. ‘The Indlang wWe colng out by the head uf tho Bitter Root and Big Hole, aud aro about 400 strong, and well armed. ‘Tue coms panies from Butte have been ordered back to Deer Lodge. Secretary Mills says he witi have 800 men in Big Hole Vatley by noon to-morrow. Volunteers aru leaving town by ail kinds uf com veyauces for the Big Hole Basia, WASHINGTON _ITEMS.- Special Dispatch to The Triduns, Watnixotow, D. C., July 29.—A delegation from tha Eugetleld and Ellenton Districts, representing both Republicaus and Democrats, bave called tolay before tho President the proceedings of & nrasemeeting of citizens representing all classes thereip, at which eact sido agreed Lereafter to live iu peace with each other, acd whero each pledged the other that pohtival difflculties shoutd cease, and that local peace aud order should hercafter prevail. Io view of this agreement, all parties to 1 united in asking the President to dismiss the cases tried by Chelf-Justice Walte, aud at the same time state that the authorities propose to disiniss a number of political sults begun fo local courts against colored Itepublic- ans us an offset to the arrest of white Demo Crate, The President expressed much satisfac. ton at the coudition of affairs as reported, aud prowlsed to tuke into cousideration the request iuade. Secretary Evarts will leave on Tuesday for his farm in Vermout, to abseut month He expects the President to vials bim iu abyut two weeks.