Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, July 28, 1877, Page 4

THE CHICAGO 'TRIBUNI: SATURDAY, JULY 23, 1877—TWELVE PAGES, : Tr 1 “BY MAII—IN ADVANCE—POSTAGE PREPAID, 812.00 te 13 i aaah dance: Le 39 4 Saturday bait SO i Faraot star. per “So : One copy. per 24 ‘To prevent driay and mistakes, be sure aod give Post and mist Onice address tn Tully Including State and County. Remittances may be made either ny draft. expreas, Post Oftice order, or tn registered leitera, at our risk, TERMS TO CITY RURSCRIBERS. Pally. delivered, Sunday excepted, 25 venta per week. ally, delivered, Sunday includ ia fer week, TR PANY, Aad feago, Hk AMUSEMENTS. Hooley’ Thentre. Randotph street, between Clark and LaSalle, Ene sqagrment of tha Unlon-Square Company, ‘Les Dan- f tehefta.” Mente, Thorne, O'Neil, Stoddart, ete. ; Mea H famea Fanny Morant, Sara Jewott, Katharine Itog- ers, ate, Afternoon anil evening. Adetphl Theatre. ‘ Monroe street. corner of Dearborn. Haverly's ; ‘Minitrota. Add Ryman, Billy Rice, Billy Carter, etc. ‘Afternoon and eventog. ‘ Exposition Tultding. ‘ Lake Shore, foot of Adama strect, Bummer-Wiebt : Festival by the Thomaa Orchestra, Bane-iall Park, Twentrthird street, corner State, Champtonship apame between the Hartford and Chicago Clubs at 9:43 . mm SOCIETY MEETINGS. + i RMD. ARREN LODGE NO zn. A. P, and A. M.—Hegntar Communication this (Fatuniay) evening, ‘ at ck Prompt, xt. liall, 72 to 7A Monroe Atrect. Ruriness ind wark. A fall aitendance, te requested. fy ¢ Niattora welconies By orient PUNLOP, Secretary. APOLLO COMMANDERY NO. 1. KNIGHTS TEMP: LAM.—"pecial Conclave at Asylum, 72 to 74 Monroe fiteet, thin (saturday) ‘evening at i nvelocie prompt, nip onter ol Diepensation and balloting eT PUN TOP, itecorder. BATURDAY, JULY 23, 1877. , QHICAGO MARKET SUMMARY. ‘The Chicago produce markets were quiet yes- terday, bat regular trading was resumed, and ie ex- pected to continue, Mose pork closed steady, SULAHULIT for August and $13,500 for September. Lard ¥ciored easy, at $8.021;38,05 for August and $9,05@9.07% for Eeptember, Meatswere a shade firmer, at Se per for loore shoulders anid G%¢ for do ehort ribs, - Lake freights were active and frm, at ‘le for corn ‘ to Buffalo, Hizhwines werenominal, at $1.08 per galfon. Flour was quict and steady. Wheat closed 1@.2¢ tower, at $1,274b1. 28 canh and $1,19% aeller August. Cora clored '41c lower, at 400 cash and 473,¢ seller August. Outs closed eanler, at 27Ij0 aeller Auzuat, Itye wan nteady, at hie. Bar- ley was nominal, at 70@71c for new’ No. @ aclier September, Moga were firm, at a slight advance, aking at $4.9075.20, Cattio were quiet, One hundred dollars in gold would buy $105.50 in greenbacks at the close. Greenbacka at tho New York Stock Ex- change yesterday closed at Yt}, vat It ia stated that Mayor Hearn, yielding to the pressure of public sentiment, has at Inet ordered the police and military to “ aim low” and shoot straight. If thero be any . error in this report, it will prove extremely unfortunate for Mayor Hxarn. It acoms to be settled that the Hon. Mansuaus Jzwart will bo chosed as Presi- dent of the Charter Oak Life-Insurance Com- pany. His record aa Governor of Connecti- cut and Postmaster-General of the United Btates will go far toward assuring the policy. . holders that the new management isin good » hands, and tond to restore confidence in the %. Oompany. A crazy crowd mistook an unfortunate mon namod Buruzn for a Tatsuxe ro- porter, whom he strongly rosumbled, and best him cruelly, Tho mob havo i sworn dire vengeance on the local staff of Tue Tripone, who desire to announce i that their oftice houra ore from 12 o'clock “I one morning until 2 the next. No further oy invitations will be issued to the approaching LF feativitics, : Army officers aro dinguatod with the blank- iene cartridge and high-line firing style of mob fighting that lias characterized the raids on . * the rioters, It is acastomin the army to ‘ inure recruits to the sound of battle by Hi shooting around where thoy can hear the 2 row, and tho faltering method of scaring the ; mob by nolo was only calcuiated to avous- tom them to the discharge of flroarms and make them all the more dangeroas, This should bo remembered by the authorities, thot in theovent of another uprising they et way act and not play. is) “Citizen” Curnon, the most brutal of . all the mob leaders, hes been arrested and is now shut up in a cell whero he belongs, nt ‘This rufflan was conspisnous Thuraday for H his activity and enterprise in the disposition of stones and his directions to his followers, Thero is a law providing a penalty for his conduct, and it should be promptly imposed. Great interest centres in him, and his fol- : lowers are awaiting his fate with no little ' trepidation, ‘Thero should be no dolay in ! making his punishment summary and ex- | emplary, From nnmerous points on the railroads our dispatches annonce that “everything fl is quict, tho strikers orderly, but will not a permit trains to run.” ‘There must be an end to this, and that right soon, The run. ning of trains must bo resumod, and if the atrikers persist In their course they will be met and overpowored by all tho forco that the State and National Governmenta can bring to bear. Not only passenger traine, Lut all the freight trains must be forwarded without hindrance, no matter what may bo the condition of the controversy between employer and employed. The law is to be inade to resume its former away, and those who attempt to pravent it will do so at their an peril, ‘This thing is going to stop. % 23 The Central Council of the National Labor League has petitioned President Hares to ue uso his influence in calling together in Waxh- : ington a conference between the railruad ie manogerd and representatives of tho labor n organizations of the country, with a view to ats effecting o compromise, It is to be re- membered that the Central Oouncil has put oe forth the moat carnest efforts to persuade the j workingmen to carefully abstain from all un- Jawful or violent acts, and has exerted itself strenuously in behalf of moderation and 4 ro- spect for the law. A suggestion from this body is therefore entitled to respectful consideration, and it would doubtlcas be found to the advantage of all parties if such ‘a conference could be brought about. ‘The mob riots were suppressed on Thurs- day, ‘They ought to have been extinguisied on Tuesday, aud they would have been if the Mayor had permitted the police to at- tock them snd had promptly called out the two city regiments to aid them. But ho did neither, but gave up the town to the roving vagabonds daring the entire day and night, 4 not even guarding the waler-works or gat- f 4 works, Tuesday the police fired blank cartridges, and little or no headway was made against the increasing, emboldened mobs. Wednesday the police “ fired high,” and very few out-throats were hurt. ‘Thurs. tIny the police concluded to end the foolish. ness about blank cartridges and high firing, and began todo n little low fring. It hada most admirable effect on the mobs, and con. viced them that tho police were at last in earnest and meant bnainess, Therenpon the mobs dispersed. Had the police beon or- dered ont promptly on Tnesday, with orders to commence work with low firing, fewer wonld have been hurt than were, and the city would have been anved the disgrace of three daya’ rule of the Commune, Bridgeport is aroused ton high pitch of indignation because soveral of her citizons wore mercilesaly clnbbed during the fighta of Thursday. It ia contended that not ono of the injured mon wasa rioter, though It is admitted: that they were nll on the streote and strongly in sympathy with the atrikera, If half a dozen broken heads will teach Bridgeport, or any other section of the city, to keep its peopla and their sympathies at home in times of riot, the bunged skuils were well boatoweid. It is sometimes difficult to discriminate between a rioter and ono who is simply « sympathizer, and it is worth while to open an occasional acalp to learn that the man under it only went into the crowd through *‘ sympathy ” and not for the purpose of being clubbed. Tho whole country ia unduly excited over ‘lispntchea sent by reckless correapondents professing to give details of the war in Chi- enago. Groat descriptions of heqvy battles, carnage, huudreds killed and thousands wounged, have beon sont over the wires, and the skirmishes and fights maguified to pro- digious proportions, A badly-scared press representative told his paper how Rodinan guus and field artillery bad beon brought into service, and loft the inference that the streets of the city wore carpeted with corpses, ‘Those careless liara do almost as mach harm asnmob, for they sond consternation inovery direction, paralyzing trade and frightening people who have fricuda in the sup. posed beleaguered district. They should be aqnelched, Tho example of Gen. Brown, in command of the troops at Pittsburg, is commended to all officers engaged in putting down tho strikes. Marching t{pon the mob, he notified them that they must immodiatcly surrendor all railroad property and refrain from further interference therowith. They proposed to tomporize, appoint committees, confer with citizens, and prosecute all the regulation nonsense in which ignoramuses delight, when Brown informed them that if they didn’t quit fooling and obey his orders at once ho wonld blow up the whole outfit. Ina short hour men were working on the roads, and traing wore getting in readiness to start, Firmnens in dealing with a mob and manifest contempt for their high-flung propositions are far moro efficacious than timid efforts to harmonize the elements. VIRTUALLY ENDED. Pence provails, and a quiet is sottling upon the country. Ato few points some little ox- citement still exists, but it is fading away. Chicago is tranquil. Bodies of police aud a fow companies of soldiers still gnard tho more dangerous districts in the southwest part of the city, but the mob is no more}-, It hon been completoly crushed, and there is at present noindication of another out- break, Workingmen forced from their places of emnployment are returning to their labors, assured of protection, The various branches of industry, momentarily stopped by the force of the riot, are returning to a more profitable condition, A busier scene in prosonted at the ‘depots, Ren- son is usurping tho sway of pas sion and hate, The hungry bands of riotously-disposed have succumbed, and have elunk away into the sluma that spawned them. For the moral effect upon those who may atill nspiro to conspicuous places in scenes of disorder, the streeta aro patrolled by heavily-armed police, who look in vain for something to sttack. Thero is scarcely a prospoct of further trouble, St, Lonia is under greater excitoment than any other city, Hor mob atill exists, but tho damage dono is slight, and the rioters fly before the troops, The Oommune hay called for 500 volunteers, and demanded of the Mayor an explanation of hia action in arming citizens, It ia doubtfal if the reinforcements will be forthcoming, and the citizens appear to put strong faith in the eficiency of their militia, The city has an adinirably drilled force of mounted police who are reHable in any emergency, In Pittsburg the strikers hold to their or- ganization, but have baen compelled to yleld all the railroad property to its owners, A call has been made on the strikora for con- tributions to defray the expense ac- eruing to citizens whose property was destroyed by fire. The Pennsylva- nin railroads ore ranning, with the ex- ception of coal branches, and those are not in operation because of strikes in the mines, All troops in New York and Ohio have been ordered to their homes, At Fort Wayne the strikers took the protection of order into their own hands, hoy attacked a mob of tramps, but wore worated with a lous of two men, , ‘The power of the insurrection is broken. There may bo a few dosultory scrimmages to tail off the uprising gracofully, bat the war {a drawing rapidly to n close, and the danger appears to havo parsed, It is ques- tlonable if the various mobs will care again to try conclusions with the authorities. It has become apparent that lovo of law ia stronger than fear of lawlessness, A REVIEW OF THE BITUATION, Mob violence haviug been pretty effec. tually suppressod throughout the country, the time has come when even the atrikers may be expected to look at the situation with something like intelligence and reason, Tho troubles of the past week may be traced directly to the action of the railway em. Ployos who forcibly provented the move- ment of trains, and thereby arreated the business of the country and tho currents of commerce, ‘These men may not have fore- scon—probably did not foresoo—that their conduct would precipitate riots, plunder, ar- son, and murder, but they are uot the less responsible for the disasters that have come, because they were blind to the logical con- sequences of their unlawfal conduct. Their action must be viewed more in the light of all that hos happened as a consequence, and there are some phases of the strke that may as well be plainly stated. 1, The conduct of the striking railway employes was unlawful, These employes had a natural right to quit work if they do- sired to do so; they had also a lawful right to quit if they were working under a con- tract terminable at pleasure aud without notico by either employers or employes, But they had neither a natural nor a lawful right to prevent other men from doing the work they abandoned at wages which they reject ed. The right of every man to work at wagos ho is willing to accept is as strong as the right of overy man to refnse to work at wages he is not willing to accept. This is nn axiom of Inw aswell as of logic, Butin many of tho States whero the strikes have occurred this principte of common law has been atrongthenod by special atatntes which have applied spocific penalties for the violont interruption of the railroad traffic. 2, The moment the railroad strikers, after intimidating others from taking their places, stopped trains, unconpled cars, ran locomo- tives into the round-lonses, ete., thoy atep- ped outelde of their lawful rights, and open- ed a breach for the commission of all the crimes that have followed. Their unlawfnl altitude may not make thom logally amenablo beyond the penalty attached to their misde- mennor, but the community will hotd them morally responsible for the groater crimes that have grown out of their violation of law and interference with the commerce of the conntry, and will demand such nationul leg- tslation as will enable a more prompt sup- pression and more severe punishment of the original unlawful acts which inevitably entail the losses and crime of the past week. 3. The conduct of tho striking railway em- ployes was unwise. Rogarded aso mattor of interest, the strike was intended to im- prove their condition; but the time chosen and the policy ndoptgd were certain to damn- age instead of helping thelr condition, It is becoming more and more apparent every day that the railroad employes, as a class, havo not sustained as largo n reduction of wages, in proportion to the ruling rates, as other classes of workingmen of the same grade of intelligence and skill since ‘the panic of "73; and it ia notorious that the railroad companies themselves havo suffered assevore- ly from tho hard times as any other clase of employers. If this fact stood alone, it would be enough to warrant a condemnation of tho trike as unwise and ill-advised. But, be- sides this, the strike was inaugurated on tho very ove of tho most plentiful harvest tho | country has had for yoars, andin the face of the certainty that the demand for tho crops would come from all the world in a dogree to assure good prices and rapid move. ment, This series of circumstances conld not fail to enlarge the business and improve the condition of the railroads, and the em- ployes thereof could depend upon sharing the inerensed prospority, No reasonable person donbts that the railronds would will- ingly havo increased wages with a restoration of good business. But had they neglected to do so voluntarily, the employes could then have struck withont the danger that their places would be immediately supplied by un- employed men eager to take them at tho lowest wages, Instend of awaiting’ their proper opportunity, they struck the railroads ata timo when the Intter wero doing a light business and not making money; and then following up'the strike by violent intimida- tion and violent suspousion of tho inter- State commerco of tho country, 4. The condnct of the strikers has been not merely unlawful and unwise, but it haa boon a groat and criminal folly, It has crippled the railroads on which the strikers depend for bread ,and batter, and it has crippled the entire business of the country on which the railroads depend for support, Had the rallroad strikers beon gnided by any intelligence orreflection whatever, they could have forescen that they aimed a blow at so- ciety itself, A numbor of puddlers mny strikeand only affect the fron trade; shoe- makers and tailors mny strike, and only affect the leather and cloth trade;-nnd so on through all otheremployments, But a atrike of the railroad mon, comprehending the stoppage of trnins, is necessarily a blow at all commerce, ‘hus 80,000,000 of in- nocent people Lave been dircotly andinatantly injured by the strike. The ontire North and anumber of the border States have been brought to n sudden standstill, and the entire population visited with present loss aud prospective suffering. It is not sur. prising that such a condition should produce mobs, ementex, violenco, plundor, incendin- rism, and murdor. Society, abject undor the terrorism of desolation, cannot escapo the viclousness of the depraved classes, Itmuat resiut the latter first; but, when the violonco has been overcome, it must removo tho provocation by restoring commerce and industry. Tho first stop in this direotion is to start tho wheels of the freight trains; and the same power that has overcome the mobs will now tell the railroad strikers who are in an unlawful attitude of intimidation to stand back, and let other mon take their places if they themselves are not willing to resume their situations. Co! IKE, Tho riots in Chicago are over, and it is well that they are ended so soon, It will bo still better if the leading rioters are dealt with so ecverely as to prevent a repetition of such scones during the present generation. The experiment was too costly to be soon repeated, One can acarcely foot up the cost yot; but wo may look ata few figures which will enable us to form some falnt idea of the extent to which a community {is affected by riot, independently of pillage or the destruc. tion of human life, The value of the live stock, grain, and other produce kept out of Chicayo by the atrike approximates $2,300,000, ‘Tho loss of trade to our dealers in dry goods, gro. ceries, boots and shoves, clothing, droga, and other wholesale goods,4s not far from B3,000,- 000 more; and our varied manufacturing industries would Lave turned ont $1,750,000 worth of product during the time they have been kept in forced idleness by the mob, Here iu a total, in round numbers, of $7,000,000, ‘Ten percent of this would be $700,000, which is rather an ondorestimate of the wages to workers and the profits to the capitalists who would have handled the Property, Adding the cost of calling out the military and the special police, with the value of the property that was owned in Chicago but burned in Pittsburg, and we have a total of not less than $1,250,000, or an average of $2.50 per head of the entire population of the city, It would bo scarcely fair to count the whole of this as uct loss, though, even here, wo have compensating disadvantages, Most of the produce will probably fiud its way here within the next week or two, but the result will not unlikely be an unsettling of quotations that will bu severely felt by some | holders, Some of the retarded trade in mer- chandiso will undoubtedly be added to the- normal yolume of the immediste future; but no small proportion of it is lost beyond recall, The samo may be said of the lost industry, which is nearly go much out of pockot both to the employer snd the em- ployed. Pare it as wo will, we can scarcely extimate the net loss at less than $2 per head; while many of the strikers, who aimed to better their condition, will find their in- dividual losses to foot up much more than the avernge, Wo might moralize on this,—showing that the strike docs not pay the atriker, and that itis a crime against innocent people,—but wo forbear. A-singlo fact is worth a ship- load of argument, and the fact of n million- dollar toss, emphnsized by broken hends, empty stomachs, and demoralized wardrobes, will probably plead powerfully against a ropetition of the late attompt, which would be the height of folly, if it were not crim- inal, THE ARMY MUST BE INCREASED, The action taken on Thuraday by tho Bonrd of Trade nnd the Board of Directors ofthe Merchants’ Exchange of Baltimore, oppealing to the Prosidont for tho utmost measure of military protection in suppress. ing domestic violonay within the States and pronouncing in favor of the immediate in- ereaso of tho army, shows that that Demo- cratic city at Inst has its eyes no wide opon that it can see and oppraciate the serious mistake of the Inte Domocratio Congress in aceking to disband the national acmy, As thi Philadelphia Bulletin says: “Thora is romothing like sublime retribution in the fact that two Demoorntic States should first have been tho victims of the mobs, and should have to ory for help to the army which their represontatives treated with so much acorn.” When this Democratic Congress adjonrned, it refused to provide for the pay of the army with the intention of disbanding it or so crippling it as to doatroy ita efficiency, If any classof men in the United States has reason to strike itiathe army, from Gen. Snznstan down to tho drummer boy, who are working for nothing aud taking their chances of pay in the future. Without any defensible reason and for no sufficiont cause, the Demo- cratic Congress has rofused to pay them, and yet there gallant men have remained faithful and truo to their duty and thoircolors, They aro now called upon to restore poaco and order and suppross domestic violence within the States, and wherevor they have appeared, small as thoirnumbers are, they have sne- ceeded, Tho mobs havo rotired in West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania as fast ‘as the regulars have coma in. In Ohio and Illinois also, the mob has not cared or dared to take issue with them. ‘They are rostoring order all over the country, acting as tho rallying centra of the police and militia. Tho Prosidont has ooted as rapidly ay the Constitution and the laws, light- ning oxprusses, and the telegraph will allow. Ho has = gatherod all the available troops in the East and South, almost to the Rio Grande, for the protection of the contral and Enstern cities, Ho has scoured the Indian territories to send troops to the reliof of Chicago and St. Louis. No time has been lost; but he has only a little handful of mon to call upon, and some of them are beyond call on tho Rio Grando frontier, in the westorn wilderness, and away in the extrome northwestorn sections of Oregon and Washington Territory, fighting Indians without pay, and yet with this email force ho has made the power of the Govern. mint felt, and done groat good, If he had hada sufficient forca there would have been no loss of life or property, no mob violence of any kind. It would have beon over inn few hours, When Congross meets, ita firat duty must bo to increase the army. It must be strong enough to deal promptly with cmeutea snd suddon riots of mobs that are too strong for Statea to handle, The States cannot ba deppnded upon to keep up standing armies, he most thoy can do is to maintain n local militia of yol- unteers not under pay, who consequently can give but a simall portion of their time to military matters, and in somo in- stances, as has boon shown in Pittsburg, cannot be relied upon to maintoin order, their sympathies being with the ied Tho national police force, the regular 7» Bete ing as the nuclaus of tho police aud the militia to render assistance whon it is nood- ed in presorving the peace and guarding the public arms, has no sympathies with any one, {It bas no politics, no afiiliations, no connection with trades-unions or corpora tions, Its duty is to preserve order and on- force obodlunce to law, no matter who the violators may be! ‘ Is it not, therefore, supreme folly and wickedness to cripple thia arm of last resort, thia ark of populor safety? Whon Congress meets, theso Democratic demagoguos will hear a cry coming up from tho people of this country, whose safety has been imperiled and whose property has been destroyed through their action, imperatively demand- ing of them to increase the army to at lonst 45,000 men. In Europe, tho average propor. tion of military to population is 10,000 to tha million, In the United States it shonld be one-tenth as many,—1,000 mon to tho million population, with an increase of at least 1,000 per year to koep pace with the annual million growth of the population, With such an army, the country would bo forever safe from mobs, Thero is no valid reason against the increase, not even of exponse, We already have the officers, the war matorial, the forts,-~ the skoleton, in {nct, foreach an army. The only thing wanting is the rank and file, which wonld not increase expenses mora than two orthrea milliona por year, There has already been lout in property destroyed, businesa derang- ed, increase of prices, and wages cut of for the want of such n force, sufticient to pay its expenses for twenty years, These Demo- cratic demagogues may understaud, there- fore, that the people of the United States will never consent to be left again withont adequate support from an army, They may further understand that the people, as soon as they have the opportunity, will make au example of these Demuoratic factionists who, for partisan purposes, have crippled the Government and bronght untold disaster upon the personal rights of tha people and the business jnteresta of the country, THE “UNITED WORKINGMEN” OF ST. LOUIS, For rank impertineuce and imperturbable cheek, the Bt, Louls strikers ara entitled to the medal. Tho ‘United Workingmen,” comprising the loafers and dead-beats of that elty, hava tuken charge of affairs at that point, Of course they drove off working. men who were not “united” from employ. mont which they wished to pursue; thoy closed the factories, shut up the shops, bullied the steamboat-owners, threatened the newspapers, prowled about the streets in gangs, and terrified the whole city. All this was done in Chicago for one day by so-called “workingmon.” But the ‘ United Working. men” of St. Louis have a brosdor ambition, ‘They have issued their instructions not only! to the Communistio Mayor of the city, who seoms disposed to let them have their own way in everything, but also to the Governor of the Btate and the President of the United Blates, ‘The poltroon Mayor of St, Louis is in atructed ta provide food for the Unsted Workinginen” of that city, aa food ia getting searce, Ho is told that tho offer of work will not suffice, no matter what wagos aro tendered; what the United Workingmon” want is that food, good champagne lurchen, shall be farnished thom without work and withont price or pay, and if the imbecile Mayor hasn’t authority to roapond to this modest demand, he is ‘instructed ” to ‘ap. point committess of citizons” who will fare nish the monoy and attend to the matter promptly. It is left plainly to be inforred from this notification that, in onaa the prov. ender and fluids bo not forthcoming, tho “United Workingmon” free-lnnchors will make it vory hot for the people and proper- ty of 8t. Louis, The Governor of Missouri is also ‘‘{in- structed” by tha “ United Workingmen” of St. Louie to call an extra session of tho Leg- islature, and cate it to passan * olght-hour law,” which shall not morely secure ten hours’ pay for cight hours’ work, but provide sovero penalties for any one who insiats npon working more than eight honrs, Thoy niso direct the Governor to require the Logisln- ture to compel the railrond companies to pay better wages whothor tho ronda carn any- thing or not, Tho freo-lunchors tell their Dotnocratic Governor very plainly that noth- ing short of thoir demands will “arrest the tidal wave of revolntion,” nnd intimate that somebody will get badly hurt if threats aud armed forcer bo not immedintely abandoned, ‘Tho President of the United States also comes in for his ‘instructions” from the “United Workinginen,” alias lonferdom, of St. Louis, He is directed to tale possession of all tho railroads in tho United States; print off several thousand millions of irre- deomable legal-tonder scrip, and force the atockholders to accept it in payment of the roads, whether the serip is worth anything or not; and then run the roads in the in- terest of the railroad hands, at big pay for little work. ‘The Prosidont is also instructed to abolish all the National Banks immediste- ly. Ho must then go on with the constrac- tion of all the public works which have boon started, and begin the construction of os many additional public works na “the gon- eral welfare of tho workingmon of the United States requiros”; in other words, he is ex- pected to furnish employment for overy- body at short hours, casy work, and large pay. Having done n fow little things of this kind of his own motion, the President is further ‘‘instructed” to enll Congress together and have an eight-hour Inw posaod, with ponaltios attached punish- ing any man who works longer per day. Ali United States officers aro given a solemn warning that these demands must moot with’ instant compliance, or ‘there'll be h—| to pay, and no pitch hot.” Tho oxnctions and demands of the Bt. Louia “United Workingmen,” alias dend- beats, have a cumnintive .oharacter which was altogether superfinous. TInving de- manded that the ‘* United Workingmen” be supplied with food by thoso who are not of their brotherhood, and having intimated protty distinctly that thoy would murder the remainder of the community if their de. mands wero not instantly complied with, they might havo paused here, It was manifestly a work of auperorogation toinstrnct the Gov- ernor of Missouri and the Presidont of the United States to pnas laws for other working- mon, ns thoy evidently don't propose to do any work for any number of hours at any prico, will make up their minds to supply the ‘United Workingmen” with food and drink, especially drink, or anbmit to bo plundered and murdered, or fill the jaila and pRnitfntiaring with o sot of sconndrels who habétlns confessed themselves to be dend- beats, vagnbonds, and bullies, time will show. The citizens of St, Louis ought to build a special work-house for these ** Unit. ed Workingmen,” and furnish them brend and water in consideration of their porpetual breaking of stono in tho united capacity of a chain-gang, THE MADNESS OF THE STRIKE. It fs on acknowledged and conceded fact that at the time of the recent strike, and for ® year preceding, there wera one million of able-bodiod mechanics, miners, and Inborers, aswell os clerks and salesmen, out of em- ployment, because thore was nobody to hire thom. ‘To these tho whole field of Iabor, at nny rato of wages, was closed. To these it was not a question of low wages, but a mat- tor of no wngea; not A queation of oight or ton hours o day, but of employment at all, Was it politic for workingmon to strike fora general advance of wagos and a reduction of time of labor, when there were one million of workmen who had no wages or work of any kind? Was it politio or sensible to strike for an increase of wages at a time when the number of persons able to get any wagea was daily decreasing and prices were falling? One of the most casontiat requisites in the employment of labor is a wages fund, With. outafund to pay wages, employment fs a -snaroand adelusion, Whon the wages fund foils, thon omployment ceases. Tho ordi- nary earnings of capital. have been failing. ‘The owners of bank, jusurance, railroad, and manufacturing stoc! «l bonds have euf. fered immonac losses, nterest and divi- dends on $2,000,000,000 of railroad stock and bonda have dafanited within the Inst twelve months, and at least $500,000,000 of that inveatment has been aponged ont of ex- {stonce, Theinterest on this defaulted stock ani bonds, at 7 per cont, was equal to $140,- 000,000 o year, This sum was taken away,— withbeld from persons who depended there- on for support. It was $140,000,000 of in. como destroyed ; the moaus of these people to pay wages, to hire Iabor, to buy clothes, to pay rent, to purchase fuel, to ride on rallroads, to build houses, to purchase furniture, and genoratly to expand for domestic purposes, was reduced that sam, Those people were not in acondition to in- erasse wages, because they had no fund from which they could pay wages and hire labor at any price. As with the thonsands of persons who had hired their monoy to railroads and have lost it all, so with the other thonsands who had put their monoy in manufacturing, mining, and insurance; there has been ‘a aweeping failuro of thera, and all the monoy invested in these has been lost through bankruptcy. ‘he people who havo lived on incomes from these sources have lost, in addition to their own meaus of support, the means of paying wages for labor and of purchasing the prodactions of labor. Was it politio to demand of these people an in. crease of wages, when they have been re- duced from comfort to extremo poverty? Would it be opportuno to go on a strike for an increase of wages for building rail. roads when the railroads alresdy built were not paying expenses, and there was uo uso for many of the railways already built? Was it opportune to demand ‘an increase of wages for making brick, hauling lumber, and build. ing stores aud dwellings, whea no msn was Whether the people of St, Louis’ building either, because those already built wero cither not rented or not yielding oven a third Interost on their cost? Was it oppor- tune todemand an incrense of wages for mining coal when the oonl already mined conld not be sold at the cost of mining and hauling? Was it tonsonable to domand an facrense of wages for the manufacture of fron when there was no sale for iron, for the manufacture of copper, brass, tin, or wooden taro; when there was no means to purchase there things, and consequently no sale for thom? Was it politic to demand a general increase of wages whon thore was a goneral failure of wages fand, and conse- quently no means of paying for labor at any rato of wages? ‘Was it politic for tho workmen of the conntry to attempt to improve and elevate the condition of Iabor by suspending tho entire business of the country and forcing employers into bankrnptcy ? ‘Waa it wine or oxcessively stupid to nt- temptto restore “good times” by firat do. stroying tha means by which the most ordi. nary trafic could take place botweon towns, cities, and Btates ? ‘Was it wise or stupid to try to compel rail. rond corporations alroady essontiatly bank. rapt to pay increased wages by snspending their businoss sud destroying their property? ‘Waa it wise or the contrary to take away the means of every branch of industry and trade which still omployed labor, in order to force such employing agencies to inorense tho wages of labor? % Was it rational in any point of view, when labor was suffering from want of employ- ment, or, if employed, sufforing from the poverty of wages, to try to compel mon to invest money in any business, to establish atrillegal and irresponsible powor of brute force to destroy property, annihilate busi- ness, and hold human life and personal se- curity at the meroy of self-constituted dic- tatora at avery railroad-crossing, or station, or workshop, or mine, or mill, or factory? Tf capital has beon for four, years so alarmed that it has proferred to romain idle and unproductive rathor than embark fn any production or trado; if the only productions of the country which compensate for tho lnbor of. producing thom are those of food and necessary fucl; if those having ospital have oven abstained from investing in real estate, proforring to bury thelr money in the earth to investing in a prostrate ond atill falling market, waa it rational for working. mon necking employmont and wages to still further alarm capital by showing that it was not safe to employ croative Iabor, while that very labor held the knifo, the az, ond the torch to destroy oven the source of its own wages? Will any intelligent workman who undor- stands the genoral, and wo may say univer. sal, decline of business in Enrope and in tho United States, the steady and regular fall in the prices of all thinga produced by labor, and the wreck and bankruptcy of capital inseparable from a protracted falling of tha market, aay that it was not unwise to destroy property, arrest production, annihilate busi- noss, and suspend labor, as a means of extorting higher wages and gronter employ- ment? Twonty thousand and moro estab- lishments employing Inbor aud kept running for a year morcly to give employment to labor ond not for profit wore suspended during the last two days by force, which will not resumo again nntil such time in tho future that there will be n goneral industrial recovery. Was this result, which might have beon readily foreseon, what was almed at by the madmon who organized and pro. cipitated tho terribla strike and tho social warof the last wook? MACHINERY AND WORKINOMEN, The principat speakers at the so-called “workingmea's meetings" held in various cities have alluded frequontly to the injury done the working classos by tho wid une of labor-saving machinery, One spoke of the good old times when a man was able to carn an honorablo livelihood for himself and his family by wheoling coal and elovating.grain in n basket. Another said that machivory enabled the proprictora to control labor and reduce wages to starvation prices, Descend- ing to opigram, he declared the machine to bo the capitallats’ servant but the workingmon's master. Tho argument between tho advo- eaten and opponents of Isbor-saving pro- cesses and machinery is too full, too old, and too tiresome to be reopened hore, But if, an wo bellovo is the caso, a great many hun- drods, perhaps thousands, of workingmen in Chicago believe the doctrines put out by tho apookora at thoso meatingy, it ia worth while to place before them somo of tho evidence that they are wrong, All that is now said egainst machinory in general has beon sald specifically against every new invention, ‘Tho steatn-epgino, the knitting-machine, the power-loom, tho railroad, have all met with the bitterost opposition from unreflecting workingmen, ‘lho latest case is tho most in. terosting. The same arguments In almost the same words that have been used in all these other cases wero directed against tho sowing-machine, It would be employed to opprose the luvoring clasues, to lower wagos, It wonld be the caplitalist's sorvant, the workingman’a master, How have the actual resnita compared with these theories ? Our workingmen can find the evidence on these points in a very interesting paper by Mr. Joun Prusmen, in the ‘Companion to the Almanac,” published iu England, Bo- ‘fore the sewing-machine was invented, tho wages of necdlowomen were absolutely at starvation point. In tho * Song the Shirt" the poor sewing-woman, clad in un-» womanly rags, cries to Heaven that “ Bread shonld bo so dear and flesh and bload so cheap.” In the trades in which meu had to use the needle,—making shoes, harness, and othor manufactures of leather and of heavy sown goods,—a similar state of affaim pro- vailed, with the usual margin of superior wages in favor of the male workers, But the whole clas, male and female, were the worst paid, hardest worked, aud moat unhealthy working-people. Philanthropic efforts were made to better the situation, of tho women expecially, Kind-bearted people, stir- red by the ory of wrong and suffering that burst out in the “Bong of the Shirt,” formod associations to help the uecdlewomen. All these efforts were in vain, The nocdlewomen, the shoo- makers, tho hornewsmakers, and all that worked with the needle, remained sunk in squalor, poverty, and ill-health. About this time a new invention appeared. It was ro- sisted by the workingmen. It was certain, this sewing-machine, to throw labor out of employment, and depress their already too low condition. But the new machine, with the vitality and persistence of such pests, forced its way into universal use. What waa tho result? The appearance of the sewing-machine changed for the better the condition of the operatives of every trade whore it waa introduced. Hours of labor of noedlewomen decroaved from eighteen to cleven and ten hours a day; their wages roso from threo and fone shillings a week iq England to eight, twelve, fonrteen, and for the best workers twenty and twonty-fong abillinga a week. Tho work beeamo no Ake tractive on account of the good Wages nnd easy hours that it drow yonng women from every Ulirection, Domestic rorvants became noarce, and their wagon rose greatly, The revolntion produced in the boot and shoe manufacture by the sowing-machino wag the same, In Northampton one-half of the Pres, ent employers havo reached their position by the aid of the sewing-machine, As in the caso of tho needlowomoen, machinory multiplied instead of dimin, ishing the number of tha employed, Tn tho Town of Leicester, when tho sowing. machine was first introdnced and renisteg ” by the Crispina, thoro woro 1,975 Oporntives. by 1871 they lind incroased to 5,703, Gon, eralizing all the resnits of his obnorvations, Mr, Pomnren snyn that,’ taking all the varions industries in which tho maching fe used, the wages of the machinist may be eatimated as being 50 to 100 per cont higher than tho wages recoived ty hand-workery before the machine appearod, The phyrig. al and social condition of the work their health, and their homes, have corre. spondingly improved. Tho cheapnom ang fuperiority of tho now products onlarged thy demand, so that it kept pace with the prodag, tion, and the profits of the manufacture were divided between employers and employed in afar moro equitnblo ratio than before thy sowing-machine was introduced. Theso arg facts, and they are not pecullar to the fowing. machine, The history of overy invention has been the same, Let workingmen ceasy to accept and ropont mero declamation on * this subject and investigate the facta, If thy workingman, if ho was a workingman, who spoke of ‘tho good old times when a man was able to oarn on honorable livelihood for himeelf and family by wheeling coal nnd elevating grain in o basket” had been per. fectly familiar with tho facta, ho would have had to confers that tho con. dition of the workingman to-day {y incomparably better than it was thon, and if ho had stopped to think he wonld non thn if ho had worked for others with handbar rows, aud rope, ond basketa, others would be working for him with wagona instoad of freight-cara, mules instond of locomotives, treadmills instead of ateam-onginos,—that, in short, a groat dealless would bo produced, and consequently n gront deal loss be dis. tributed among the producors, Working. men should see, also, that the march of machinery is irroststible, and that tho part of wine mon is to use it, and not throw thomeelvos uniler its wheole, | BLACKS AND WHITES AT THE SOUTH. A observant corrospondont who has trav. eled throngh the South, who has had more than tho ordinary facilitios for observing the relations between tho blacks and whites in that section, reporta that the two races are now living together mora amicably and working togethor more officiontly than over before, and that everything points to a con. stant improvement, This correspondont saya plainly that there is more pence and good feeling betwoen the two racca than there would be at the North if tho samo pro- portions existed. There aro many good reasons for believing this to be trae. Tas people of the North have never had to deal | with the diffulties of a commingling of the two races in socicty, business, and politics in anything like the samo numbor. If the negroes of Mississippi or South Carolina were to be colonized in Iilinois, it can scarcely bo doubted that moro serious raco disturbances wonld occur than linva ever been reported from those States, ‘Those disturbances would not, perhaps, arise from the same conditions; tho sontiment of caste is not so powerful at tho North na at the Sonth, but, on the other hand, the race projndices aro even stronger among the Inboring classes, The effort to work negross in largo numbers alongside of the whites on the rallroada and farms, in the foundries, factorios, and workshops, in hotels and pub- lic employment, as masons, carpenters, ote., would be resonted oa an invasion of tho white Inborer's rights and a menace to the white Jaborer's future, Nor would whites and biscka live together in towns and cities with the samo sense of security as in the South, if the population wero divided into any- thing like * equal numbors, because the social = prejudica against tho blacks ia unquestionably more pronounced among Northern people than among South- ern peoplo, wherq the two races have been reared together for many generations, Final ly, it may well be assumed that there would be serious political trouble if the blacks Uving 1n a: Northern State in equal numbers with the whites wore to put themselves forward and claim offices as a “political element” with a strongth eqnal to the American, Irish, German, and Soandinavian ‘' olementa” com- Dinod. ‘This suggestion of tho race relations has not received attention onough in con- domning the political and soolal conflict that has been going on at the South since the clone of the War, But the whites and blacks at the South are mutually better prepared to live together in peace, because of their mutual dependence. ‘Their interests are strongly cemonted, and there is no doubt that interest will prevail over sentimont or projudice, whon tho pas- sions shall no longer bo incited by constant irritation, It seems to be accepted, after yeara of experimont, that {t is only black labor that can produce al! the wealth which the South is capable of producing. ‘Tho strength of the blacksisin thelr indisponsable condition as a laboring clement, It is cor- tain to insure them political and social pro- tection in the end. The importance of this consideration is already rocognized in those Southern States where the population is no longer torn asunder by political dissensions and incendiary appeals to race hostility, It is not strange that the blacks should be less prominent in publioaffairsfor atime, They must add mora intelligence, education, and political experience to thelr mere numbers before they can claim a. majority in the Councils, Legislatures, Courts, and other public places, But there is no sign any- where of a disposition to deprive them of their political privileges. Alrpady the native whites are beginning to discover that they will be useful politically as thoy are indis- pensablo industrially. The progress toward their emancipation from the threats, intimi- dation, and violence of the native whites will be rapid and constant as the native whites turn thelr attention from political and race struggles to the new accumulation of wealth. ‘The negroes are easential to the prosperity of the South, and the time is at hand when material prosperity will be of more a count to the Southern pooplo than tho indulgence of old-time prejudices, The fre eaters as a class will decline at a rapid rate from now on, and the negroes will be 0} notable service in helping to drive them from political power, The conservative public men of the South have now begun to dix