Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, July 16, 1877, Page 4

The Zribune, TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, derous raids in which ¢ indulged themeelyes, ’ whole popalation McDownt, thir* aiey have heretofore +o the terrorism of the of the Torritory. Gon. Pear ea eae per! as that is will not now be Batty Ration onesearen BNE OO Meee eall for the yolnntecrs author. tailed town Bit 10 President; and, if the rogulara Raha ee a; E83 | tage i aaah sy Donhite sheet Faturdey Edition, trl ‘Irt-Workly, one year, Datta of a year. per m a me Club of twenty: Thyreseat ring and (cakes, be eure ent deiay and mistakes, Omer nidresin fall includiog State mai Hemittances may ule either Yont-Oflive order, of in tertatered ” 2and give Post- . TERMA TO CITY sr end Connty. Dally, delivered, Stnday exe «by draft, euprea, Dats, delivered, Runday 1° setters, at our risk. Audreat LASCRINERS, r us ‘Corner Madinon 6° epted, 25 centa per week. 30. conita per week. H COMPANY, ata, Chicaga, It. Mane” gage Hooley's Theatre. ¥ Aph street, between Clark and Ladalle. En- .nent of the Union-Square Company. ‘Lea Dan- asf." Messrs. Thorne, U'Nell, Stoddart, etc. 1 Mes dames Fanny Morant, Sara Jewett, Katharine Iog- ers, cto, Adetphl Thentre. Monroe street, corner of Nearborn. Rovelty, farce, and pantomime, Messrs. Pat Rooney, E. M. Hall, MatBet, etc.: Mesdames Larkelle, Adah Rich- mond, atc. Exposition Batlding. Lake Shore, foot of Adams street. Bammer-Night Festival by the Thomas Orchestra, * Base- Park, State and Twenty-third streets, Champtonahip game: Detween the Huston and Chicagos at 8:43. m, MONDAY, JULY 16, 1877, CHICAGO MARKET SUMMARY. The Chicago vroduce markets were active Sat- urday, and ireceular, wheat being weak. Mess pork closed St3e per bri lower, at $13.0243@19, 05 for August and $14. 724@19.75 for September. Lant closed 243¢ per 100 Ths lower, at $0,150 9.1715 for August and $0.24%4@9.25 for Septem- er, Meats were cusy, at Se per Ib for loro shoulders and 74¢ for do rhort ribs, Lake frolzuts were active, at 2e for ‘corm to Buffalo, Tlighwines were steady, at $1.08 per gallun. Flour was steady, Wheat closed 2¢ lower, at $1.40 for July and $1.18 for Anguet. Corn cloeed easter, nt 4c cash and 4He for August. Oata closed easier, at Sle tor July and 28ye for August. Myo was firm, at Ofe cach and 62e for July. Barloy was quiet, at8se for new No. 2 soller September. Tos reactive and advanced 5@10c, with nates at@i.1075,50, Cattle wera In good demand, and were firm at $1,00@0,50 for common to choice. Fheep were firmer at $3.00@5.00, One tmndred dollare fn gold world buy $105, 25 In greenbacks at the eloce, In New York on Saturday gteenbacks raled sleudy at 94% conta on tho dollar. A Drothor of old ony Bnown died at Reedsburg, Wis., yesterday, at the ago of 70, “Tho Relntion of Hent to Holiness” was the yory appropriate topic chosen yestorday by one of our Methodist preachers, Neod- lesa to remark tho conelnsion reached, pero, knows how it is in tho middlo of nly. With tha close of to-day expires tho timo allotted by tho Syndicate fur receiviug sub- scriptions at par in America for the 4 per cents, Already about $43,090,000 have been taken, and it is expected the amount will reach $50,000,000, A general suspension of operations is an- ticipated in the anthracite regions of Penn- sylyania, the operating companies having, It is said, determined upon closing all the:nines very soon in onler to restrict tho coal sup- ply. Thousands of minors will bo thrown out of empfoyment, and the outlook tx gloomy for tho preservation of penca aud order in the districts where tho inlning pop- ulation is preponderant. The fertile valloys of Chilo and Tumbaco, in Ecnador, heve Leen devastated by a terri. blo volcanic sruption, followed by a food which Inpped up what tho voleano left. ‘ho cruption oveurred on the morning-ef the 26th of June, and the City of Latnonnga, was ol. most swept ont of existonce, many ives be. ing lost. by tho sudden inundation. Acarious feature of tho affair was tho trangportation of ashco to a point 600 miles from tho volcano, ——— ‘Tho Irish Catholic and National Societies of Montrent yosterday pasuod revolutions condemning the murder of Hickerron tho 12th, ond earnestly appealing to their co-re. ligionists to abstain from auy acts ovteulated, to distuzb the peaco or offeud the Orunge- mien on the eveasion of tho frneral to-day. ‘Thousands uf Irish Protestants from the sur-4 rounding country will be present and join the funcral procession, and, unless the injanc- tion of tho Cutholie Socioties ix rigklly ob- served, there is reason to fear a seriaay cole lision, ‘The Donapartists ond Loyitimists aro wrangling about the distribution of Govern. ment support among the candidates of the two factiuns atthe coming election, ‘Sho former cluim to have arranged ta have 250 Deputies ground out by the machine, aud tie other fellows demand a mory equal di- vision, Dissension iu said to bo increasing: daily, M. De Fraxcurrv, ono of the snost prominent among the Legitimist Senators, having lately written » lotter declaring that all tho loyalists and sincero Cathollea prefer even the Republic to the Ampire. Nowa from tho contending foreea in Bul- garia nud Asin Minor continues to be an ex- evedingly scarce commodity, Tha Russian movements are evidently progressing slowly aud with caution south of tho Danube, as tho single pontoon bridgo at Simnites, with ita liability to get out of order, still remains tho only means of forwarding supplicy to tho army operating between Lustchuk and Shumla. From this fact it is argued, and with obvious correctness, that it las beon impossible thus far to accainulate at Sistova the moterlal necessary to propare for a gon- eral ndvauce ; and until the Russian facilitios for moving forward supplies aro at least doubled, it will be dificult to provide for any increase of the force south of the Dan. ube, or to bugin operstions on an extensive teale, ———_ ‘The later mivices from Gon. Howarp's ex- Pedition against Chief Josxeu and his Rand of hostile Indiana indicate that at lag decided advantage has been guined, Thougn the opposing forces were amall, geome $00 or 400 on cach sido, the conflict was long, de- termined, und etrategio, Gen. Howanp re- ports that the Indian warriors were finally forved to abandon their ground, and left a large umount of plundor at thelr deserted camp. Gen. McDowsx1's aide-do-camp, who was with Howsgp in the battle, confirms all that tho latter claims, dnd Gon, McDowzu, says that his side's judgmont is good and ‘entitled to credence, Of course, this is not the last of the Nez Perces and their depre- datigns; vven in fight thoy will take refuge in the rocky places, whero they can evade capturo for along time, But the blow that has been struck seems to have been so ne- Fer that they will not return to tho mur. ten. Howarp follow up their advan- » onergetically, the last of the Indian -nnasacres bas probably been reported from that region, Tho hardships and perile of a journey to tho Black Hills amount almost to Inzurions caso compared with the trip to the farther Eldorado, the Big Horn region, described in aletter from Cantonment Reno which wo print this morning. Reporta of rich gold discoyories in tho new country have pro- duced an intense excitement in Deadwood, from which lnrgo parties havo ect out in the expectation of finding a fortune for their pains; but as yet nothing ia roliably known that should indnce a general rush for the Big Horn country. Tho long distance, searcity of water, and the groat danger of nu attack from the hostile Indians along tho ronto, not to spenk of the uncertainty of finding gold in quantities sufficient to pay for the trouble and hazard, will be likely to dis- courage any but tho most adventurous from exploring the new gold regions until moro definite information of their richness is at hand, Yesterday's dedication of Humboldt Park by the people who saw fit to attond and tes- tify their great gratification at the opening of the now and beautiful resort was in no sense an official affair, and scarcely fits the title which Dr. Ryper gives to it in his ser- mon,—Land Speculation and Sabbath Deseeration.", Tho official dedication occur- red on Saturday, and the demonstration yos- torday sooms to hava been gotten up and participated in by avery large and respoctabla clara of citizens who differ honestly with Dr. Rypezr and his moro orthodox brothren in reforence to tho question of Sunday observ- anco,and who wero very far from moditating any “ noedless assanit upon the convictions of tho Christian public,” or any ‘“ unneces- sary violation of tho sanctitics of the day.” According to the reports of the proceedings, tho 20,000 people who took part in the so- called popular dedication conducted thom- selves in an orderly, docorons manner, and tho occasion was by no means the ‘ public caronsal” that Dr, Rrozx took for granted it would be. ‘The Now York Nation in stilt distressed concerning the honosty of the West, and racked and tortured leat the Raopublican party may not do several things, It says: "Wo rogard tho Administration as fully committed, for instance, to the doctrine of the payment of the Government bonds in gold aud to the early resumption of spocio payments. Shall we deal honestly with the uution's creditors? Shall we continue the preparatory work of resumption?” ‘Tho Nation is utterly unable to show that tho Aduninietraticn is“ fnlly"” committed, ‘or half or quarter committed} to the payment of the bonds fn god. No such promiso has evor been given, elther by Congress or tho Itcpublican party or any party. All of tho bonds not paynbla in ‘lawful monoy ” aro expressly inne poyablo in cin, ‘ho Nation very well knows that coiu monus silver or gold at the option. of the Gov- ernment, ‘ho contract says coin,” and docs not aay gold in any caso, Why docs the WVation state falschoods in this ro- gard? Does it suppose the peoplo of the West nro so ignorant or atnpid that they aro not awnra of tho facts, and may bo imposed upou by boldly-nssevorated untrotha? Tho Ttcanmption act declares that the greonbacks shall be redeomed in “coin,” which gives the Government the right to redeem them in silver. But the Mation turns up its oyes in horror at the bare thought of such s thing, If they nro to bo redeomed in tho ‘dollar of tho daddies," it would not bo nuxious for resumption to begin. Tho Nation wants to know, you know, whether ‘we shall deal honeatly with tho nation's creditors.” Tho whole maes of tho people are tho nntion's creditors’ as regards the grovn- backs, and thoy don't nak the Gov- ernment to redoom them in gold, ‘The millions of greenback-holdera sre per- fectly willing to receive silver dollara for their notes whonever thoy desire ooln for them, That was tho original understanding with the Goverument—that the groenbacks, when redeemed, wero to bo redeemed in coin, t, ¢., silver or gold, at the option of tho Government, Asto tho other croditors of tho nation, the same “coin” was mado for them, and the sort of specta that is good enough for greenback-holders ia equally ood cnough for bondholders, But the Na. tion intenda moro than it auys, ‘Tho “ na. tion's creditors" which it has in its uzind’s eye juulude the Eastern creditor class who avo loaned ubesp, inflated, deprociated pa- per curruney to the people of tho West, and what the Vation wants ia that the Wostahall repay them in appreciated, scarce, dear gold, whose purchasing power ix now twica os great asthechcap stuff that was loaned ot high interest to the businoss men of tho West, ‘That ia the milk in the Nation's cocoanut, It fears that tho West cannot be oajoled or balldozed into doing so gratuitous and absurd a thing. ¢ JZine tix lucrina,.” , LIVERMOKE, Tho extraordinary position which Mr. Moovy has nssumed with roference to tha operations of the Woman's Christian ‘em. Pperance Union of Massachusetts is only an- other evidonce that a man may be very good. and exemplary ond yet not pouicas the wis. dom of the serpont nor tho harimlessness of the dove, His position may bo briefly stated. Tho Boston Jdcertiser having print. edn statement that Mr, Moony desired the Woman's Christian Tomperanca Union to chango its namo to the Woman's Evangelical Temperance Unlon, and upon being asked for a reason, roplied that they should get rid of their Unitarian and Universalist membory, and in the courso of the convoruation volun tecred tha statement that the Presidont, Afra. Lavenuone, wos not a Christian, In reply to theso ausertions, Mrs. Moopr published a card containing a flat denial, Mrs. L. B. Banzert, the Secretary of tho Union, there. upon published tho details of an interviow between Misu Frances Wintanp ond heruelf, in which the former, professedly at Mr, Moopy's instigation, domandod the change of name for the reason set forth in the Boston Advertiser's statement; and of an interview betwoon Mr. Moopy end herself and another lady, in which they sought to convince bim that Mrs. Liveamonm was a Chris tion, to which the evangelist roplied, “If Mrs. Livesmone is a Christian, why don't sho come out and join the church ?” The last document in tho caso is a card from Mr. Moopr himself, in which ho denies making the state- ment as to Mrs, Lrvgawoar’s lack of Chris- tianity, Ie, however, expressos his inability to co-cperate with the Union or with auy soclety'that docs not bulivve in regeneration, THE CHICAGO ‘TRIBUNE: MONDAY. JULY id, 1877. justification by faith, and atonoment, which in his jadgment constitute the fandamontal doctrinca of Christianity, and are nlono efficacious in reforming the drunkanl. Mr. Moopr's statement ia ingenious, bnt it does not relieve him from the original acensation, ‘There is but one inference that can be drawn from it, namely, that Mrs. Lrvensone nud the other ladies of the Union are not Chris- tians, and not being Cnristiane they cannot reform tho drunkard. The force of cant can hardly go farther than this, Apart from tho tigma which Mr, Moonr casts upon Unitarians, Universaliats, and others outside of the evangelical denomino- tiona, ns not being Christians, which of itself ia aninstance of bigotry we had not sup- posed Br. Moopy capable of showing, ho haa sought to strike a blow ant tho offorts of the benevolent women of this Union to reform dronkanis, According to his theory, thedrankard can only be reformed by those who believe in the three ovangelical doctrines of regonoration, justification by faith, and the alonement, and that the drunk- ard himself oan nover stop drinking until he nccopts these three fundamentale, If, thero- fore, Mr. Moopr could havo his way, he wonld drive out of the field of temperance iabor all Unitariaus, Univorsalists, and others who do not agree with him, and he would limit his own labor to a very narrow field. Thore are Unitariau drankards, Universalist drunkards, Catholis drunkards, Jewieh drank ards, drunkards of every dercription who possess cortain forms of belief, amounting to convictions, that do not synare with Afr. Moopr's beliefa, Thero aro largo numbera who bayo no belief atall. None of those will surrender their early convictions, noné of them will accept Mr. Moopy’s doctrines, hence, according to Mr. Moonr’s own theory, their reform is impossible, If he enn mn across an evangelical drunk. ard, he may save him, porhaps, but tho drunkard who will not mount Mr. Moopr's theological platform must be given ovor to his cups as a hopeless tase. Only evangelical reformers must ba employed and only evangelical drunkards can bo harvested. The drunkard cries from the gutter for help, and Mr. Moopr offers him regenoration, justification by faith, andatone. ment. He cries for bread and recoives a stone, What ho wants is sympnthy, kind- neus, humane treatment, watchfulness, ap- peal to his renson and his senso of manly honor, moral susaion, force of examplo and tho rousing of his better nature, help for himself and hia family. It is the good Samaritan, not the Levito, who can help him, It{a fundamental humanity, not fan- damental doctrino, that will lift him out of his gutter and set him on his feet, If thero be any manlincas loft in him, warm humanity will save him quicker than dry doctrine, If thero be none, then ho is past help from cither source, and must dio the death of the benst. As oa matter of taste, sym- pathy, and courtesy, Mr, Moopr's position is shocking. As a matter of {net, tho fact are all against him. ‘The labors of Father Marnzw and scores of others in the past, and of Francts Munpuy and others in the preasnt, in whose systema no hint of doctrine uver onterod, bear testimony with their wonderful success to the absordity of Mr. Moopy’s theory. Io is hurting himeclf, hurting the couse of temperance, and hurt- ing tho canso of religion, by his narrowness of viow, and ho can accomplish. nothing of importance for the cauge of temperance by attacking such a gigantic ovil with only ono wing of tho army when it noeds the earnest, persistent, zealous efforta of tho combined Zrlonds of tom perance to overcomo it. BAKER’ LAN OF DEFENSE. One of tho important books called into ox- istonco by tho war in Europo is Col. Jamrs Baxen's “ Turkey.” The author hna lived throe yonrs in tho country, and lias traveled more than a thousand miles through Bulgaria and Itoumelin, bosides many hundredsof miles along the constin boatand stoamor. Ho has somo acquaintance with the character of tho natives, and in his own work og a farmer has had occasion to loarn their disposition to. wards tho Government nt Constantinople. Ho has studied the history of the Turkish, Slavic, and Greek races to some purpose, and undorstands tho autipathies that exist among them, os well as their special griov- ances and the causes of their discontent. It {a nao military man, however, that his views are valuable, Having served many yearsin the British army, and pursaed the study of his profession with in: telligent zeal, le has leurned to judge the means of defense that a country insy pos- seas in conformation or resources for tho subsixtenco of anarmy. Hin predictionn are worth more than those of any unprofession- al obscrver, from the naturo of the case, ‘They arc, moroovor, of some particular in- terost now, inasmuch as the campalgn thus far has proceeded exactly as he ssid it would last January. He reckoned then that Russia wonld bring about 400,000 men into the cam. paign in Europo; that 100,000 of these would be held in reserve, aud 100,000 moro be employed in masking fortrowos, luaving 200,000 men—or, say, three arinies of 70,000 cach—to advance into Turkey, ‘'The plan of attack,” ho wroto in January, “can only be assumed ; but looking nt'the lino of the Balkan os o long: fortrers, it is possible thet the fires Russian army might unite with the Servians ond advanco by Sofia, the second army by Rustchuk and ‘Tirnove, and tho third by tho Dobrudja, Varna, and Shumla,” It will be observed that this is exactly what has happened, ox- cept that uo army has yotcome by way of Hofia; this, howover, is a contingency not romote, Nu:morg of an army coming from that direction are frequent, By way of Sofia, it may bo remarked, there is an uninterrupted road, along the wuter-courses, to Constant. uoplo, the natural watershed of European Turkey being in this vicinity. The co-ope- ration of the Servians cannot now bo hoped for; Col. Baxxs did not, of course, foresee that they would be neutralized through tho influence of Austria, It ‘is probable, how- over, that a Rnssian army will march without tho Bervians by the route dudicated. Writing in January, Col. Baxzr waid: ‘We may pass over the dine of the Danube, os tho forces of the Ttusgians are so superior in number to thoso of the Turks that it would be impos. sible for the latter to prevent a passage. It is true that the Turks have numerous gun- bosts on the Danube, but that advantago can in these days be neutralized by the om- ployment of torpedoss.” We question whether any othor observer foresaw so carly what on important part torpedoes would play In the present war on the Dan- ubo. ‘The Balkans do not, in the opinion of Col, Baxys, constitute the best line of de- fenso.. The caso with which the Rusalany crossed thom in 1829, with Shumla in their roar and in possession of the ‘Turks, proves that the diBlcultics of the passage are not iusuperabie, ‘Thus far ovents have,borne out almost ox. setly the predictions of Col. Baxra, Ho ventures farther, and marks ont a line of de- fense for the Turks, the main features of which they have adoptod, if not on his aug- gestion, doubtless on that of other British advisors. Me believes the waiting and re. treating game tobe the only one they can with safety adopt, The Dannbe he would nban- don, and the Balkans also, except in so far ag the passage might be mado troublesome to the enemy without too great hazard to tho Turks, His plan would be to loave about 40,000 men in the almost impregnable fortified town of Varna, which has communication with Constantinople by the Biack Soa, of which tho Turks have command. Tho army thns stationed would threaten the Russian baso of supplies, and require at least 70,000 Russians to hold it in check, ‘The main Tarkish army ho wonld have retrent, as occasion required, before the advancing Russians, until tho neighborhood of Adrinnople was reachod. By this time the Russian force would be re- duced to ita lowest point, and a battle might be ventured upon with the best prospeots of success, In tho campaign of 1829 Ruasia started with the insufficient force of 68,000 men, nnd had only 15,000 left when sho reached Adrianople, the romainder being re- quired ,to mask fortresses and keep open linea of communication. It is calculated that in the present campaign Rus- sia cannot employ more than 100,- 000 «mon -sonth of the Balkans. Turkey will also havo there the advantage in point of railways which Russia possosses on the north of the Danube. ‘The contest will then not bo so unequal; and it may not be necessary for the ‘irks to adopt the despor- ate plan foreshadowed in the London News of falling back oven to Constantinople in tho hope of forcing British intorvention. It is time obsorvors of the war in Europo shoul bogin to realize that Rnssia has a tromen- dons task before her, and, unless sho can succeed in out#anking tho Turks, tho results may not be so entirely in her own hands as they at present appear to bo, CIvIL-SERVICE REFORM IN GREAT BRIT- Tho opponenta of Civil-Servico reform reason commonly asif the proposal were en- tirely novel—n halr-brained concoption of cortain thoorists, and opposed to all oxpe- rience, They torm themselves, by contrast, practical men, and they ridicule the vain schemes of scholara ond moralists in poli- tics, who know nothing of the actual art of governmont, and aro no moro fit to conduct the affairs of state than a atudont, just grad- uated from college, is qualifted by his few lessons in tho theory of navigation to tako command of an ocean steamer. Now, it might be repliod that, oven if no Govorn- ment had ovor reduced its Civil Service toa reasonable system, so as to afford ts on in- structive example, the nature of the caso is yet quite parallel with affairs with which wo aro familiar, ‘lhero is no principle involvod which does not apply to all largo business establishments; so that tho whole thing is simply a question of common-sense, And it will one day ba so viewed, and the wholo people will bo astonished that any othor idea ever provailed in a civilized nation, The presont plan of filling public offices, to the number of sixty or eighty thousand, with political partisans, as a reward for sorvices rendered tho party, aud who ara to bo dis- placed whon the other party chances to suo- cood.,to power, pertnps invfour years, will bo deemod worthy only of the ignorance and corruption of the Turks, No ono thinks of applying it to the army and navy. To do 6o would be to propare for defeat, in conse of war, on Iand and on sea, What would po- litical officors amount to in military affairs orin anaval ongagoment? Nono but a fool would think of applying it to morcantilo af- fnirs, Lot us imagine that Mr. A. T, Srew- ant, during his life, had been on ardent politician ns wellas a leading merchant. Let us nuppose that, on tho eve of an important political campaign, ho had announced that herenfter he should uso the thousand or two thonsand positions in his grest establish. mont as rewards for thoso who workod most diligently and successfully with him and for him in securing the success of his party at the polla How long after such on announcoment would his crodit have remained good? How many years would it have beon, under that policy, before ho wonld have gono into bankruptcy, or havo been compolled to rotiro from busi- ness? ‘Take the warmest politician among the large businessmen of this or of any other city, and proposo to him this political incthod of filling his clorkships and selecting his salcamen; but take the precaution of standing near the door, lest his suawer should como in the form of tho first con- ventont missile. But what aro tho affairs under all the departments of Government bat so much business, connected with buy. ing, selling, manufacturing, making bar- gains, kooping and sottling accounts, ond going through just such transactions, in principle and in form, as pertain to commor- clat pursuits? Why, then, should thoro bo, and how safoly can thoro be, ono rulo of procedure, in this respect, for private busi- ness and another for public business? ‘There is experionce, thon, to be appealed to, and such experienco os fs within the knowledge and grasp of all citizens, In a dovblo vonse, this reform ‘‘ means business." But thore is also governmental oxperi- enco, Groat Britain hes solved the problem for us, In advance; just os she similarly solved the problem of chesp postage, which at first was declared both hero and thero to be wholly impracticable, and mot with the decided opposition and ridicule of tho Poat- Ofiico Dopartmont. Great Britain first adopted Civil-Service reform in the manage. anent of her Eastindian possossions, and it was largely the honesty and ability of Mfa- caviay, who had epent four years in India aga Governmont officer, which secured the change from the old system of appointment by favoritiam to that of open compotition. ‘Those who wish to learn about his interest in thia subject, as applicable not only to India, but equally to Groat Britain itself, we rofer tothe “Lifo end Letters of Lord Ma- oauzay,” vol, i1,, 283-205, 314-318, His biog- rapher, himself a momber of Parlament, well remarks, in spoaking of the opposition which loading men of his own party offercd to the Civil-Service reform efforts of Mr. MLa- gutsy: **Such were the views which then pro- vailed at the headquarters of tho groat party that has long ero thiy idontifiod itself with the maintenance of a system to which, more than to any other canse, we owe it that our political morality grows purer as our politl col institutions beoome more popular,—a system which the most faraceing of Amori- can atateameon already regard with a generous envy, knowing, as they have only too good reason to know, that i¢ is the one and only specitio against the jobbery and corruption which are fast undermining tho officiency of theix administration, and debasing thelr standard of national virtue.” The history of the xoform jn Groat Britain is parallel, in Fi an ineteuotive dogree, as rogarde tho first stages, with that in this country, As ap- plicable at homo ns well ns in Indfn, the causa was championed in tho Cnbinet, mn 1854, by Guapsrory, and a report in favor of open competition under examination was made in a report drawn up by Sir Craauss Trevatyan and Sir Stayronp Nontn- corm, after n senrching cxaminntion of all the public departments, ‘But it soon bocame evident,? says Macav- uar's biographer, “that very feo of our loading politicians had their hearts in tht mat- ter, It waa one thing for them to deprive the Enst India Directors of their patronage, and quite another to surrender their own, ‘The ontery of tho dispensers and oxpectants of public omploymont was toud and ferce, and the advocates of the new system wero forced to admit that ita hour had not como.” Macavzay, referring to Mr. ‘Tnevetyan ns the target for the arrows of the hostile, wrote: “There is 8 set modo at him by mon who will not scruplo to do their ut- most; but he will get through his dificul- ties.” And so he did, and established tho all-important principle that a nomination for the Civil Borvico ‘* should thencoforward become the reward of industry and ability, insteal of being the prico of political aup- port, or tho appanage of private intorost and family connection.” Now, ovory party is affiicted with a sot of Bourbons, who never change, nover learn anything from the past, never got,out of the ruts of routine and custom, and nover know any rule but that of rewarding their “friends” and punishing their ‘* enomios.” Wo cannot oxpect the Republican party to escape this evil. ‘hero are old managers in it who owe what they consider their success in life to this corrupt mothod, and they Lave no conception of individual or of party enc- oss on any other principle, ‘‘Itis hard to teach old dogs now tricks,” says tho peopla’s provorb, The public must expect opposition from this class, somo of whom are not very bad mon, as well as from tho uttorly solfish and unprincipled demagognes and wiro-pull- ers, who talk of patriotism and mean partly and pelf, But the friends of reform, now grown numoronsand dotermined, must firm- ly give those men to undorstand’ that thoir day ia over; that they must accopt the pro- posed change, or make room for better men, who will opon the now and fairer chapter of oar political history. To porsevere is to con- quor! ———— . + THE SPOILS SYSTEM. ‘Tho Chicago Times is, of course, a cham- pion of tho'' to-the-victors-betong.the-spoils's system of politics, and scoffs at nll mugger. fiona for reforming the Civil Service by breaking up thia spoils system. It says: It In not to be denied that the highwayman theory of Gorernment tina been held as a doctrine or tenet of the Governmental policy of thove ballot-box politicians who, mnco Jackson's Prealdency, havo atyled themselves a Democratic party, Norta it dentable that {thas been habitually beld and prac- ticed in thia country by politicians of all party names whatsoever, The Fedorallata practiced it in, tho reign of Waemmuron and the firet Apams, Tho Republicans practiced it in’ the retgns of dsrrensox, Mavisox, Monnoz, The Whigs prac- teed ft in the reign of the second Avams, ond sub- sequently whenever and wheraver they had the opportunity. Tho Bourbons and the I{berota of the '* Democratic" trade-mark practiced it allke. The latter-day Republicans practiced it upon o larger scalo than any other ring or party spolls- mongers in all our history. That kind of logio—that beoauso this highwayman theory has beon followed by all Administrations, therefors. it must: not bo changod—is woak oven unto sillincss. Nor is tho statemont 4 true oue, Thoro was no partisanship in Wasurvaton’s timo until lote in his second term, and be made no re- movals becauso of politics, Joan Apams made no removals from office on party grounds, though as the number of offices in- creasod with the growth of tho Government, he probably made now appointmenta from among hia frionds. In tho last hours of his Administration ho had o number of now of- fices croated, especially xoveral Judgeships, and filled the places from among hia own friends. Mr, Jevrzrson and his party, so far ag they wero able, abolished theso now of- floes, including the Circuit Courts; bnt Mr. Jzyranson, while ho made soveral romovals, confined his action to thechiof executive of- fices, Ho was opposed to removals from of- fice for opinion sake, and his statement of official quatification is historical. Tho spoils system was unknown in the days of Man- wou and Monnox, The bilterness of the contest betwoon JacxsoN and Joun Q. Apams fallod to induce tho lat- ter to remove any of the frionds of Jacason, but in March, 1829, with Jacx- son's firat day in office, was put into opera- tion the system that to tho victora belong the spoils, Not only all tho heads of buroaus, chiefs of Departments, Postinasters, Mar- shala, Attorneys, and Collectors, but all the suboriinates of all theso to whom could bo traced tho alightest support of Mr. Apaws, wero removed, and tho places filled by Jacx- won mon, Somo yoars lator, whon there was a breach in the party, the system was intensi- fied still further by the romoval of all the TJacxson men in office who took sides in tho party quarrol ogainut the Administration. Out of this grow tho polioy of tho Prosident couceding to Senatora and Roprosentatives who gupported the Administration the privi- lege of naming porsons to bo appointed to Federal offices in their States aud districts, From that time to the prosunt, the groat vio- lation of ‘tho spirit and letter of the Consts- tution has been growing stronger, until it is now a liféstruggle whothor the Government belongs to the officoholders or to the people. THE CIRCASSIAN CONTINGENT, Tho Turkish army contaluso snall auxiliary forve of Circassians, whose valor is aliost as wollapproved as that of the Montenegrins. Thero ls one regiment of Circasslans in tho First Army Corps, stationed at Constantinople, and scattered squadrons of cavalry in Armenia and the Balkans; but the bulk of their dghting men may be found inthe ranks of the Bashi- Bazouks, or {rregular volunteers, The circam- stances under which the Circassians became faithful aliles of the Turks aro unusual and ro- mantic. They dwelt in the mountain regions of Caucasus, aud wero alternately under the do- minlon of the Turk and the Russian. They werv not good subjects to either Govern-nent, paying To taxes aud recoguizing no authority which did not seem to them convenient. Ju 1820 the Cau- casus fell into the hands of Russla for the lust time, and thenceforward the hand of that Gov- erument pressed upon the Circasslans with constantly-Increaslug welght. They were rebel- Nous, and tho mountalnous nature of tho coun- try which they inbabited made them troublo- gotue cuemies tocontend with. After thirty-five years’ expericnce of Circassian craft and prowess, the Government of Russis deturmincd to settle the Circassian question, st once aud forever, by expelling them from the country which they had so long possessed, aud which they cherish- edwith the deepest affection. Iu 1803 they were ordered to packwp sud move off. On thelr refusal to do so, aod tbe continuance of hostilities, the policy of indiscriminate massa- cre was adopted by Russia, Thiv: lest stroke overcame even Circassian coptumacy, Moro than 800,000 emigrated, leaving thelr homes and thels native land to the spoiler, Of the whole Bubs of eunigrants about 200,000 scttled in Bulgaria, along the coast of the Black Sea, and the remainder in Armenia. The crnel expnision of the Clfcasstans by the Rusefan authorities has acarcely s paralicl in history. Whole nations have been aintlarly transported before, but never for such insufll- cfent reasons, and never, ft may he sail, on so large a aeale, ‘The French ‘Uriven forth from Nova8cotla, whose hardah{ps have beencelebrat- ed in verse hy our own Lonargitow, numbered barely 18,000 souls, The Huguenots of France hnd at least the alternative of staying in their homes and abandoning their religion, The Moors in Grenada were themeclyes aliens and invaders, in theory at lcast, and wero driven away to thelr own kindred and the lond of their fathers. Not so with the Cir- casstans, They loved their mountain homes 18 passionately as the Montencgrin or the Switzer. They imbibed fn the clear atmoaphere which surrounded them the same unconquorable spirit of freemen. Russian oppression was to them an {mpossible condition of existence, and they re- sisted to the last, even when they knew defeat was Inevitable. When they slelded, they chose to become subjecta of Turkey rather than Russia; and hatred of Iuesta becamo for them the controlling principle of their national life. Travelers tellof meeting Circassians in Europe and hearing the male children asked by their parenta: “ How many Rusalans will you kill when you are a man?!’ The present war {s therefore an oppor- tumity for the Cirenssians,—the first they have had since their expulsion from the Caucasus; and {f they do not use ft to the full it will not be for want of desire on thelr part. They are already famous for their exploits in the ranks of the Bashl-Bazouks; and, though their mode of warfare ts not, ike that of the Monte negrins, always honorable, it {8 nono the less terrible and harassing. In the long run it will produce results of importance; and, in case of a Russian retreat or disaster, the Circassian contingent would be likely to pay off old scorcs by a frightful vengeance. ‘The Circassian has some peculiarities which unfit him for becoming an object of European or American sympathy to any large extent, Though not a coward by nature, he prefers to fight in Indian fashton, and to kill bis enemy with the least possible risk to hia own precious person. Morcover, the Circassian scorna to tell the truth when he can possibly avold it, and theft is with him a cardinal virtue, The Circasatan boys are taught to steal by their parents, just as the Lacedemonian youth were; and the celebrities of the nation are the persons who have learned to steal blankets from the sleeping owners thereof, or horses out of stables in which the master peacefully reposes. Ob- stinocy fs another characteristic of the Circas- sian, They brought thor slaves with them into Turkey, and, although often admonished by tno Sultan's officers that slavery wag contrary to the Koran, thoy rofused te make any proclamation of emancipation, Many times they fought in defense of whatthey conefdered their rights jo this respoct, and havo provod perhaps as troubtceome aubjecta to the Sultan as they were to the Czar, Thoy arc good Mussulutana, too, having bocn converted during the Turkish rule. in tho Caucasus, from the Peace of Bucharcet in 1813 until 1620; but, os may be imagined, they do nut acknowledge tho authority of the Koran fn matters of opinion so vital asthe slayery question. In like manner, they sell thelr girlh for use in the Turkish harema, esteeming It a high honor to have them there, and being seconded in this respect, it must be confessed, by the young women them- selves. In spite of the depletion of numbers and blood from this cause, they romain a rugged and adventurous people. The men aro short and slender, but broad across tha shoulders, and possessed of wonderful powors of endur- ance. They aro masters of tho ort of hating, and have the longest memoriesin the world for aninjury. If thoy donot, in the present war, pay back to Russia at Icost o part of the ancient grudge they owe, it will be for want ot oppor- tunity, not becauac they lack the disposition, ————— The London Times of July 1 states tho Turk- ish force along the Dannbo to resiat the Rus stans and Roumanians as follows: Tho Turkish force on the higher Dannbe opposed tothe Noumaniana may numoor 30,000, Lower down, at Nicopolis, Sistors, and other points, and in reserve ot Plovna, it may bo 20,000 more, ‘These would all bo soparatod from the rest of the array the Rnwlan advance. In and sbout ue ore 15,000; In the intrenched cal Shumls, the headquarters, the aa correspondent, 60, 000 of a) held by 20,000; at Ttasgrad, Varut laces, there aro considerable garrivons. have an army which Is formidable In numbers, whatever may be the disadvantages of ita position, Tho same paper speaks of Bhe Invading force in theao terms: E On the other hand, the Grand Duke Nicnot.as dsposes of an army which overmatches cven this great levy of the Mahometan power, The forces which aro crossing tho Danubo on the Simniten line are no doubt auperior in nuimberw to the Turkish corpa between which they thrust themaclves, and on the left, where tho Rueslune are likely to meet with little or no resistance, they will advance with A powerful force to operate fromthe Lower Danube onthe Tarktsh right. They lave a foll army corps at Ibralla and a division ot Hirsova, tho whole amouuting to 60,000 men. Another army corps of 30,000 men {y' In movement to the Ioumanian frontier, 1tiscommon to overestinte the num- her of armies, but thero ie probably no exaggera- tion in reckoalng the Husslans, who or soun, wit] be on the Une af the Danube, '50¢p00 ef- fective troops.—an immense army for row & atage, and for operations that mast converge towards a aingle point, The main masa of the Turks he about the quadrilatorat formed oy Rust- chuk, Silfetria, Shumta, and Varns., The Row. manian performances at Kalafat, the concentration of Hrince Cuances' urmy tn Little Wallachia, and the doubtful attitude of Servia bave had the effect of forcing the Turks to keep Inrge bodiew of troops on the higher Danube, Sue! must ever be the dlaadvantage of an army which commits {teal to the tas of defending 300 miles of river, ‘The Russians have broken in upon tho Inurdinately ex- tended line, The Itusstan centro bas the cholce of concentrating on the right or left wing, and cross ing withont opposition. Widdtn and Nicopolia aro {elated from the Turktah quadeliateral, and prea. cot indications lead to the conclusion that thle much-vaunted square of fortresues will itself soon bo cut in balves, and tho Turkish force separated into three divisions without means of communica: tion, and with the whole Ituse! my occupying acentral position betwoen the d free to Dove with crueblog force upon any them, —_$———————— There was a carfous derangement of epitaphs the other day. They recelved at the Jnter-Ocean oftice a big envelope inscribed +! Chicago Cus- tom-Houso—Aeseasor's Obice,"" aud the editor wearily hefted (t, sald, “ Three pounds and o hbalf,—that'’s three columns anyhow," aud, without opening {t, gave it to the foreman, ro- marklog, ‘* Here's some of Hau's bog-wash," such was the brutal language he used. Tho foreman took it with av air of resignation not wholly unmingled with contempt, but, when he cane to give it out, found that It was a quarter- ly report of the goods asscssod st the Port of Chicago,—Auounciators, Ashes, Baby-Jumpers, Bonzine, Billiard-Cues, Bomerangs, Bugfuice, andsoon, A few hours later, the Statistic Clerk at Washington was surprised on openiug Assessor Ham's quarterly return envelope to find that {t contained an editorial article as long satrom Btato street to the Fourth of July. 3fr. Haat had better be born again and be twins this time, or else he may go on mixing bimsclf up with biinself in thts confusing manner. ———— Different countrica different customs, In some parts of the world sbakiug the head from alde to side means “yes,"" and you ware a mau away when you wisn bins to approach you, In Greenland when the misslonaries represented hell as a land flowing with fire and brimstone, the natives found the prospect so alluring that they at once entered upon careers of the utinost viclousness, so as to fnaure their ultimate damnation. 8o in St. Louls, where the cars of tho inhabitants are sv abuormally large, the ro- mark: *]'l pull your ears for you,’* has uo terroreasa threat, aud when ono man says guothber has care like u mule, be pays him the higbest compliment of which the English languaye is capable in that velgbborhood. ee ‘Tho paragraphers have devised 9 now idea, though it isan idea evelyed of the stomach rather than of the corcbellum. They propose having @ @2a-bead diauer together at New York. Two dollars ts s good deal of moncy for @ paragrapher to also, but thou it fs not every day iv the year that he can got 8 $3 diover with the priviloge of pralsing aud belng pratiyd by every other guest. To be sure, this isnt ag nico as pullug and belug pulled fo the ’ comfe columns, bat still {t wilido. And aa for the genera} public, why, when the sitty or seventy paragraphers are safely inside the din ing-hall, and the door Is locked, andthe avenger in thé cellar applies a light to the fuse—by we inust dissembie. — er There was a Mire Ex.iis in the Sentor Claes at Wesleyan College fast year whom the niale membors of the clnas wouldn't allow to fll the office of class-poct after they had clected her to it.. So she resigned and they put fn fier place a young man with bis hatr parted’ In the middig who distocated his collar-bone trying to rhyme “Wesleyan” with “Commenceinent.” Now Miss Ext.1s has been elected to s profescorship at Wellesley Female Seminary, and most of the mate seniors are shiouing round the newspaper offices in New York asking the city editors to inake them even as one of thelr hired report. ers. ————— Tnx O'Stonzr haa converted his Times tnta ‘an apologist of Ribbon rioters and an organ of Molly Magulriem. Under the pretense of ro buking religious bigots, he whitewashes Rib bon murderers by claiming that they are ne worse than those whom they mob and kill, Whoover differs in opinion with Taw O'Storxy, the Molly Maguire, fs called an “ Orangeman,'? <a Tf all who disagree with Tn O'Stormy, tho Molly Maguire, aro Orangemen, they aro more plentiful than oranges in Florida. ———— PERSONAL. Tha English poot who fs trying to cure himacif of the habit of oplam-smoking, as recent+ ly mentioned in this colusan, fe Alfred Tennyson, poct-lanreate, Gon, Stark's wife was named Belty, not Mollie; and hts famouse eaying Juat before tho Rat- tle of Benhington must havebeen: ** There, boys, fre our cnemies; to-night they must be ours, of Dette Stark's a widow." Mr. Winsor, of the Boston Pablo Library, has reconsidered his first resolution and accepted the appointment of Librarian to Iarvard Univer. alty, tendered him some weeks ago. The Boston Advertiser saya: ** Pho appointment ts honorable alike to the college and to Mr, Winsor.” ‘The yow numbor of Harper's Magazina contains af article on Keats, which was in some measure forestalled by the publication of hin let- tera to his brother in the New York World recent- ly. The feature of the number ten novelette cone cerning s mesmeric prophecy and {ta subscquent story, which bears Internal ovidonce of having deon written by Wilkie Collins, | ‘Tho Springfeld tepublicun says the Von. ezgela complication has resulted In the payment of Ruseall's salary for several months as Minister, though he ie reajding in Boaton, and will not re- tarnto his post, The pnblication which caused the requeat for hia reca}! wae nado, it will bo re- membered, through the indiscretion of the State Department, and he was inno way reaponsible for it President Andrew Whito, of Cornell Uni. versity, now traveling in Europe, writes homo that oyr good Americans are wretchedly mistaken Jo supposing that the only or the main progress of the world during the Inst twenty ycars haa been made on our alde of the Atlantic, In the depart. mont of education especially thera !s much toleara from England, Germany, Switzerland, and“even aly. The second year of Wolloslay Colloge, in Masaachusctle, wae successful. Thera were 320 girls in attendance durjng the year. The now clase will probably number abont 100. The hoalth of tha students 1a excellent, iy the rule has boca, that feoble girls are rojected. Greek seems to ben favorite study, and the prospect is that nearly 209 girls will take the course, including Greek, the coming year, Anew English novel contains in the open ing chapter the following matter-of-fact atatement, which doce not give promise of riotous Jmagina- tive powor in the construction of a plot or tho de- velopmont of incldents: **Tho house in which tho parenta of. tho hero lived was not their own, bat leased to them for fourteen years, with thr uaual power of leaving it at the end of sovcn, upon giving six monthe’ notice." Dr, Pariciel, Minister of Commerce of the Paria Commune, who died In New York recently, was buried with peculiar ceremonios Monday. The Fomains were covered with a red flag, and were earrlod to the cemotery by the friends of tho de- ceased, no heares being used, The agod mother of Pariajel embalmed hisbody, Thore were no re- ligious services at the grave, but addresses were mado by 4 number of refugeos, ‘We are grioved to hoar from tho Hartford Imes that all the members of the Presidont's Cab- inet, with the. exception of Mosars, Devens and Thompson, wear shocking bad hate. Mr, Schurz je particular about his trousers, but scoms tobe notat allconcerned about bis head-goar. There 4s evidence, however, though the Hartford 7Ymes may not be willing to admit It, that the Cabinet bas an abundance of head-gear, all in excellen? running order, Prince Alfred ia not likely to inherft the Duehy of Baxe-Cobourg-Gotha, it being generally understood that he has sold the succession to tne German Government, aad that the Princess Chare lotte, eldest daughter of the Crown Prinae, who has been betrothed to the hereditary Prince of Melningen, will become Grand Duchess of Saxo- Thuringen, the now Principality to be formed, in- cloding the Dachice of Saxe-Meiningen and Saxc- Cobourg-Gotha, Gentlemen who havo patent remodies for all the 113s that human ficeh is heir to, wilt be aure prised to hear that nobody who gocs into the water ie safe from cramps. Daring a swimming-match at Bath, L. I., Sunday, a profes Beurcn was solzed with cramps, drowned bad not o boat fortu He knew tt waa an infallible cure for the cr to He over an the back and kick, but he could: Ile over on bie back and couldn't kick, The first wing of the Peabody Musoum at New Haven, opened s few days since, is built under the trust-deed of 1866, This gave to tho ‘Trustees $150, 000 ** to foundand maintain a muso- ‘um of natural history, especially in the departments of zoology, geolqzy, and mineralogy." Two-thirds ‘of the whole sum was to be for the building, $30, + 000 for a fund for care of the building and {ncresse Of the collcctlon, and the remainder to bé placed at interest for the completion of the building, after (he constraction of the frat wing. The late Peter Harvey, of Boston, wos never tired of talking of Danie! Webster, Ieonce called upon Mr, Lincoln, and isugched out upon bis favorite theme, After a long and cloquent burst, Harvey paused for breath, when the Presi- Gent, drawing ® long broath and looking at Hare voy's ahort lege, romarked:, ** I was thinking how much longer my leg {ethan youra,"' Harvey rose inminediately to go, od told bis friends in Hoston confidentially when he reached there that the President waa a boor. George Cruikshank, the venerable oarice- turist, has written a letter to the London Times in condemnation of the practice of capital panish- ment, Helsthankfaltossy that tho publishing, about the year 1818, of bie ** Dank Note—Notto He Tmitated," was the fret step that ultimately led to the abolition of the punishment of desth for all offenses, excopt that of murder, But Mr, Craik shank belloves with the witty Frenchman, thatthe ‘best way to diminish the cvile of capital puntsh- ment Ls to cause **Measieure, tha assessing, touct the oxadiple."* George MacDonald, the novelist, has writ- ten two imitative stanzas for addition to Gray's Elegy, in arder to do away with its one reproach as having no woman in it, excopt **the busy bousewif ‘The lines, which are to appear after the fourtcenth stanza, and so take precedence of the men ajtogether, are as follows: Upre slvepe some fait, whose unaffected charmng EEE os ‘Whoos virtues cast @ lustre on a $hrone, odeet besuties wazar'd a humble bi mpesbriabriasener wena te tues fi every dute ibe besiuutul ofapring woleh adorned her house. “*T understand perfectly that I am betting my head," sald one of the members of the present French Cabinet tho other day, No, roplies Ea- mond About, there iano qnestion of heads; 1877 Ls no$ 1703, and there f6 nu Marat among the Re- publicacs of to-day. But the Code defines certain offenses and affixce to them certain peneitica. What the Minister has sjaked on the game ts bis property—bls chateau, bls deldy, his words, bis tent-tull, Ho and bis qsapclutve gro pespguelble wuder the law not only for thelr own illegal acts, but for those committed by thelr agente sod tools ‘Phu pegplehave opened gn sccount with these Moy, sexe M, About; when apiiiiog day arcives they wall present ie i