Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, July 15, 1877, Page 4

4 THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, JULY. 15, 1877—SIXTEEN PAGES, he Tribune. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. BY MAIL—IN ADVANCE—POSTAGE PREPAID. Dally Edition, one year... Parts of a year, per month. Malled: to a y pildress four, weeks 1.00 dey editions Literary an ‘Doui id 2.50 2.00 6.00 250 1.25 3 11.00 20.00 preveni delay aud mistakes, be sure and give Post- iddress in tull, including State and County. tances may he made either dy draft, express, lice onder, or a registered letters, at our risk. TERMS TO CITY SUBSCRIBERS. red, Sunday excepted, 25 cents per week. Sunday facluded, 30 cents per week. Address THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Corner Madison and Dearbora-sts., Chicago, Hi. ‘TINGS. SOCIETY ME G LODGE.. No._311.—The annual Ma- je Will be held at ‘Sharpshooters’ Park on . the 17th fast. Train. leaves depot, corner ind Carroll-ats., at 9a, m. o9, Tt. A. M.— ung. July 16. at 6 eerees. ity order PL STHIAN CHAPTE! Special Convocation Mord: O'cluce. Work on the J. 0. DICKERSON. BUT! ft, NO. 36. ORDER OF EAST- EUNSTAlt—{tegular Communication Wednesday even- july 3, in corner Mudison and kubey streets, Tpoce of work. Members of the Order are vited end, ETE RUTLER, Worthy Sfatron, tor’ th cordially “MAZS. D LODGE OF PER- s ular Assembly on Tharaday evening next ats o'clock." Work ou the yth aud 10th Degrees. "By Order oh ett T+. Ga Me ED GOODALE, Grand Sec. LAER, Vil nud a Stated Conclave of ik. T., Munday evening, py S77 Hualiess of linpirtaince. Visltlng Sit “¢ ce jally fuyited. y urder of Ee Cora ave I le SANBORN, E. Co JAS. E, MEGINN, Hee. La FAYETTE CHAPTER, NO. 2, R.A. M., Hall 36 Monroe il Convocation Mouday eveulng, Y luck, for work on the Mark aud P.M. rs cordially inyited to attend. | By Wo. REID, HL P. 2. Secretary. APOLLO COMMANDERY, NO. 1, KNIGHTS FEMPLAN-—Stated Conciave at Asylum, 72 to 73 Monroc-at.. on Tuesday evening “next, Jat o'clock sharp. After the transaction of ‘it ‘as may come before the Commandery, the will repair tothe Armory for drill, “Sir Kntshts w have not yet filled out and returned “*Quediuna™ to Secorder will please do sv at once. By order of ihe E.G. Kt. DUNLOP, Recor ORIENTAL CONSIS Bis. PM. Wa Be 32 DEG.—The Sublime Princes of this Command hereby notified to appear at their Asylum, fully armed and equipped, on next Thureday morning, the 19th, ats:i5 sharp, for the purpose of participating tn the Annual Encampment, A suitable conveyance will be jn readiness at the hall to transpore all necessary bag- gage Ww and from the depot. By order GIL W. BARNARD, 39 dep, JAMES A. T. BIRD. 22d de, Commander in-Chiet, reeds . Sd deg. Il, Grand Secretary. SUNDAY, JULY 15, 1877. CHICAGO MARKET SUMMARY. The Chicago produce markets were active Sat- urday,-and irregular, wheat being weak. Mess pork closed 234c per brl lower, at $13.62}4@13. U5 for August and $13.725¢G@13.75 for September. Lard closed 2%c per 100 lbs lower, at $9.15@ B.17% for August and $9.92%4@9.25 for Septem- ber. Meats were easy, at Sc per Ib for looxe. shoulders and 7%¢ for do short riba. Lake freighte were, active, at 2c for corn to Buffalo. Highwines were steady, at $1.08 per gallon. Flour ‘was steady. Wheat closed 2;c lower, at $1.40 for July and $1.18 for August. Corn closed easier, at 49c cash and48c for August. Oats closed easicr, at Blite for July and 28% for August. Rye was firm, at Gic cash and 62c for July. Barley was quiet, at Sic for new No. 2 seller September. Hogs were active and advanced 5@10c, with sales at $5.10G5.30, Cattle were in good demand, and were firm at $3.00@U.50 for common to choico. Sheep were firmer at $3.00@5.00. Onc hundred doljars in gold would buy $105.25 in greenbacks at the close. In New York on Saturday greenbacks zuled steady at 942 cents on the dollar, _—$—_——— An order was applied forin the Criminal Crurt yesterday instructing the Protection Life to show some cause why it should not be wound up and its charter declared null and void. The petition alleges gross frauds ‘in almost every conccivable shape. —_—_— A man named Gen. O. O. Howarp has es- ‘tablished himself an ass in a telegraphic communication purporting to describe an alleged fight with the Indians. He speaks of his opponents as though they were En. glish troops, talks about his shelling and eannonading, and winds up with the un- necessary information that he and his sol- diers were badly licked. Efforts made during the week to reor- ganize the Charter Oak Life-Insurance Com- pany, and put it on its feet once more, have proved fruitless. The Connecticut Insur- ance Commissioners yesterday afternoon made application for the appointment of a Receiver. The assets of the Company are some two or three millions less than the lin- ailities. ————_ Ono of the late Grand Jurors is somewhat Jisgruntled by the charge that the County Tail is full because of laxity on the part of Grand Jurors generally in finding indict- mexts. Will the gentleman do the State tome service and give over abusing the vir- tuous Board of County'Commissioners while he tells which of his fellow jurors borrowed money from people against whom bills were presented? Yesterday at Lake Bluff was devoted to Michigan and n manifest effort to get a scoop on the Rev. Capt. Bunpy. A number of temperance people talked well and eloquent- ly, but it was of no avail. Michigan is wed- ded to its whisky bottle, and while there may be some who, through infirmity of the throat, cannot drink, the balance of the population is given over to its idol, from the western bank to the Detroit, Free Press. | Financial matters in St. Louis aro in a very disagreeable flurry, portending a panic. Yes- terday the Butchers’ and Drovers’ Bank, of which B. M. Cnanpens, owner of the St. Lonis 7Jimes, is President, was compelled to close its doors. ‘The liabilities Toot up $750,000, and the bank claims to Lave “unscaled "assets equal to $800.000. There were runs on the Fourth National and Boatmen’s Savings Banks. The . Lumbermen’s Insurance Company has re- solved to wind up its affairs, owing to the excessive lethargy of -business. —— eee ‘The trials and tribulations which the Re- public Life-Insurance Company has under- gone only to find relief in hopeless bank- ruptcy; are at length made public. The Com- pany was organized by a number of Chicago gentlemen, absolutely guileless of any knowl- edge of life-underwriting, as a rival to the pet corporation of a similar character at the west end of the Big Bridge. The failure of the Republic is properly attributed to its insatiable desire to extend its business re- gardless of cost, low premium rates, heavy expenses, and -incomprehensible financial mismangement. The French Constitution fixes the time of elections within three months from the dis- solution of the Chamber, leaving the exact date to be specified by the President. The Chamber was dissolved June 20, and the President, evidently to allow as long a timeas possible for the canvass, has fixed upon the 16th of Septenther as the , day of election. The list of efficient candidates, as might hhave been expected from the Bonspartist tendencies.of the present Government, it is 230 Bonapartists, 176 Legitimists, and 117 Orleanists,—in all, 523 members. The Republicans now have 350, and BL. Gamnerta is confident that they will return 400. There is no doubt that tke elec- tion will be the most hotly-contested ono ever known in France, and that the Repub- licans will work to carry it with unusual zeal and enthusiasm; but this time they must work against the Government, which not only has the assistance of M. Founrov, Lovis Naronzon’s cunning manipulator of elections, but has also appealed to the army as a menace. : stated, comprises As usual, British citizens aro issuing dec- Jarations of war at the rate of a ‘bushel a day, and wondering why the Government don’t back them up. ‘A penny-a-liner in the Current Review earns his precarious beer- money for a week by logically demonstrating that he don’t know what he is talking about. “He claims that the capture of Constantinople by Russian infantry would be an act of piracy, and supplements this conclusion with a warning to the Government which is im- portant solely as showing what remarkable trash correspondents will telegraph at enor- mous expense. It will be just as satisfactory to the people of the United States to know that an Indian- Bureau clerk has been dismissed for mal- feasance, as to learn that the raids of the savages in Idaho have been summarily stopped. It did not make much differenco to the people of the Territory that the Government should refuse arms and ammu- nition to eradicate Joszrn’s band, ‘but it be- came adeep, religious longing that Clork Haxpven should be discharged for sixteen years’ swindling, and, now that this has been effected, Northern Idaho offers the scalps of her sons in gratitude. The Orangemen of Montreal, though thoy have every right to feel indignant at their treatment on the 12th, erred in refusing the olive branch proposition of the Irish Cath- ‘olic lodges to take part in Maogert's fu- neral. The overture was apologetic and pacific, and should have been accepted in the spirit in which it was made. It is impossible for civilization to uphold mob-rule, but when a misguided party offors the best amends'it can make its efforts in the restoration of peace should bo treated respectfully, as looking toward 'the solution of ono of the most difticult problems of the day. It is pleasant to retlect that Srrtma Bun and his 1,500 warriors are held in check and terror by 300 mounted police of Canada, who dictate torms at their own sweet will,— terms that are gratefully accepted by the ‘ex-Boss” of the Western prairies. The police have taken away from him all the horses and mules captured in his late campaign, and declared them contra- band, to which the great Borx replies that ho will presently move south of the Yellow- stone and capture some more as soon as an army is sent to dislodge him. It might pay the United States Governnient to hira those Canada policeme! He would bo a cruel man who would deny the gentle savage a little récreation, especial- ly when the abused redskin has been on the war-path for months and deprived of his fun and his whisky. The dispatches give details of harmless, necessary butchering of divers and sundry Chinamen by Josern’s band, parenthetically stating that the attack was a sort of summer vacation for the overworked Indians. It is tobe regretted that any people should be immolated to make a Nez-Perce holiday, but if any were to suffer, it might as well be Chinamen, whose peculiarities of scalp and hair will do more to defeat -the fun than those of any other nation. THE RESUMPTION IN GOLD. ‘The National Board of Trade will hold its session this year.in Milwaukee, and at no time in the history of the organization will its advice and its recommendations, if har- monious, be received with more respect and weight than at the present time, under tho existing circumstances of the country. ‘The nation is laboring under a protracted depression of trade. -‘Yhough more than twelve years have elapsed since the War, the country is still doing yn depreciat- ed currency, originally inten’ to meet the temporary exigency of maintaining armies in the field, Production has largely suspended, and capital to an extent hitherto unknown is held idle and unemployed. Though several years have elapsed since the panic, there has been hardly any res- toration of confidence, and the number of bankrupts is annually increasing. At this moment we find the national embarrassment aggravated by the discovery that the Goy- ernment incautiously and almost uncon- sciously has been entrapped into legislation demonetizing, and, therefore, depreciating, silver, one of the great productions of our own mines. We have prohibited its uso. as money in this country, though it is the ex- clusive currency of the majority of civilized people.. By this demonctization of silver we have given an increased value to gold by creating an increased demand for. it; and, while we are thus laboring under this special disadvantage, we are confronted by another law which requires that seventeen months hence the nation shall redeem its outstand- ing paper in gold. It is useless to deny the fact that this law presents to the banks of the country the al- ternative of being prepared in January, 1879, to redeem their notes in gold, or, in avoidance of that obligation, to withdraw their currency before that day. In either event the country is threatened with a cur- rency famine, the withdrawal of nearly 700,000,000 of paper, and the contraction of currency to such sum of gold as may be collected at its increased price in the mean- time. In the face of such acondition of affairs,daily growing nearer, it is time for the great body of commercial people of the country and those representing its capital to take counsel how best to avert such a ca- ‘There is no informed man who expects that the people of the United States are to make themselves an exception among nations and abolish all banks. Banks are as essen- tial to commerce and manufactures, and to production of all kinds, as are ships, rail- roads, and machinery. They are the ma- chinery of commerce, and. the world has not yet discovered a substitute for them. We have banks now, and the system under which they are organized is better than any that ever existed before in this country. ‘These banks are organized and owned by the private capital of the country, and that cap- ital is directly and immediately interested in the earliest possible restoration of confi- dence and business. In any restoration these banks must of necessity Play an important part, and there can be no restoration of business and confidence | which has not their co-operation. Banks, however, will not exist unless their business is profitable. ‘the prosent law ren- ders bank circulation of so little profit that they are surrendering that circulation daily. Any ‘scheme to furnish the country with paper currency must have for its object the supply of bank currency, and to have such acnrrency it must be of some profit to the banks. The Government, however, con- tinnes to impose on banks war taxes, which are no longer imposed on capital invested in any other form. Nov, to avert a currency-famine, Congress should immediately enact— 1. The remonetization of the gilver dollar, thereby securing $50,000,000 or $60,000,000 of coin annually, 2. The repeal of the date fixed by law for the redemption of the greeabacks, 8, Tho encouragement of banks and pri- vate capital to increase the bank-note circu- lation, ang, for this purpose, the existing law should be changed so as to direct the with- drawal of £80 of greenbacks for every $100 ad- ditional of bank-note circulation issued. This is the law now, but its operation is limited to tho reduction of greenbacks to $300,000,- 000. ‘The war taxes on bank ciroulation and deposits should be repealed, and the banks should be allowed to issue notes equal, dol- lar for dollar, to the par value of their bonds, instead of 90 per cent, as at present, With these encouragements, the private cap- ital of the country would again seek invest- ment in banks, and, so long as tho country may stand in need of paper currency, 80 long will there be banks to furnish it, if the circulation be rendered reasonably profita- ble. Under these changes there will be no con- traction. As fast as the greenbacks are re- tired—and the retirement will be gradual— there will be a bank-note circulation to take its place, and the alue of both will ap- proximate nearer and nearer to par. The restoration of silver coinage at the rate of fifty millions a year will restore silver to its ordinary relative value with gold. Gold, losing the increased demand, will at the same time lose the extraordinary value in silver it has attained, and the coin and paper currency in a few yorrs, having obtained a fixed legal determination, will have a com- mon value, and the business of the country will become settled; specie values will bo resumed as a matterof course, and the green- backs, reduced to a comparatively small amount, will circulate at par so long as they may be needed, and will then be retired. We suggest these considerations to those who are perplexed at tho threatened annihi- lation of all credit and confidence, to result from tho forced establishment 2 few months hence of an exclusive gold currency. MICHIGAN AVENUE. What has become of the movement to turn Michigan avenue over to the South Park Commissioners for improvement ? Why don’t the South Park Commissioners interest themselves in the matter, and ascer- tain what process is necessary to bring it about? Why don’t the Aldermen, who know their constituents are clamoring for it, evince some concern in it? All that has been done by the Council so far has been to procure from the Law Department an opin- ion that the Council cannot exclude the heavy teams from the avenue. That is not the question at all. Nobody wanted it pre- sented in this light. The real question is, how a transfer of the avenue can be madeso that the South Park Comm issioners can take charge of the street as a part of the park system, improve it by assessing the cost as they assess the cost of other improvements, keep it in repair, and impose such police regulations upon it as their authority warrants. The park which they have in charge is of no earthly benefit to the people of Chicago if there are no ap- proaches to it which are in a passable condi- tion. The boulevards, which were so crowded of pleasant evenings two or three years ago that horses could not go faster than a walk, are deserted this summer. But everybody in Chicago who owns or hires a buggy or carriage, who drives in and ont between his residence, whether he ever goes to South Park or not, is equally interested in having the proposed transfer effected. Let tho South Side Aldermen and Park Commission- ers put their heads together and see what can be done. Of course there will be legal objections urged. No proposition, public or private, is ever presented to which legal .ob- jections cannot be fonnd.. The thing to do is to find out what process will most ‘nearly conform to the legal requirements, and then proceed with it. We do not know of any municipal project that has ever been received with such unani- mous approval as this, There have been but one or two individual protests, coming from people who affect to believe that it would be. unjust to property-owners on other streets, and be an aristocratic exclusion of the heavy trucks, which ought to have the same rights as the other vehicles. We don't think anybody of prominence or influence will care to acknowledge himself so mean- spirited as to father either of these objections, If the trucks be excluded from Michigan av- enue, they will find ample compensation in having Wabash avenue, State, Clark, and the other streets to themselves, as the other vehicles willl seek Michigan avenue. Nor need the property- owners on the other streets-object that their pavements will be worn out the more quick- ly on this account; for the fact is that, their pavements, being of blocks and not subject like gravel to the severe strain of bad fall and spring weather, are not damaged: so much by slow, heavy teaming as by tha sharp knocks of the trotting horses, Nor can the property-owners on other streets reasonably object to the manner of assessing the cost of the improvement of Michigan avenue under the park system, since this takes account of benefits, and assesses according to the relative advantages real- ized by improvements, In this way the Michigan avenue property-owners will them- selves pay the great bulk of the cost; the owners of property abutting on the boule- vards and park lands will pay some of it ; the side streets leading into Michigan avenue will pay their share ; and the proportion that will fall on Wabash avenue and State street will be insignificant,—certainly trifling in comparison to the benefits these property- owners will receive in having one respect- able driveway in the South Division. We hope the public officials will soon give come heed to. public sentiment by bringing this matter to a clos ‘This is not » good year for the tax-fighters. Having exhausted all the technicalities, and being forced to an appeal from Judge Wat- Lace, they thought they discovered a crevice through which they could evade the neces- sity, imposed by the new law, of depositing the full amount of the tax appealed in the hands of the Court. As the purpose of most of the tax-fighters is merely to gain time and postpone payment as long as possible, an ap- peal would be of no use to them if they were obliged to deposit the money. But, the Rev- enuc law having been passed before the law, creating the Appellate Court, there was no specific provision requiring n deposit in case of an sppeal to the Iatter Court, but only to the Supreme Court. So the tax-fightors said they would take their cases up to the Appellate Court and not deposit the money. But Judge Wattace has come to! the rescue again by deciding that, asthe Appellate Court has no actual existence as yet, has never been organ- ized, and is not in operation, there can be no appeal this year,to that Court. The force of this reasoning cannot be questioned, so it only remains’ for those tax-fighters who de- sire to appeal to go to the Supreme Court, and meanwhile deposit the full amount of their taxes as the law requires. It is proba- ble that most of them will decide not to do this, but will simply neglect to pay the tax, and pormit the property to be transferred to the State, and the usual penalty attached. We believe it amounts to borrowing the money at about 10 per cent, and tox-fighters, ss 4 rule, would rather stand this than pay over to the city the money which it needs so badly. A NEW NAME FOR AN OLD MALADY. A New York paper reports that an ‘‘ emi- nent scientist has discovered: what he calls * fatigue material’ in the blood, and to the presence of this substance, which results somehow from the action of the nerves and muscles, he attributes the sense of weariness which overcomes us after labor and excite- ment.” The scientist failing to report a remedy, the principal value of the discovery rests in the information it conveys to those who feel an objection to work as to the real nature of the malady which afflicts them. Geuerally, in the absence of any physical infirmity, this disinclination to work has been: called lazi- ness; but that seems to have been a mistake. The truth is, it seems, the blood becomes poisoned by — “fatigue material,” and it is astonishing how universilly this material is to bo,found, nnd how generally the human blood is susceptible to its influ- ence. It spares neither age nor sex, nor is any trade. profession, or occupation exempt from its attack. In the absence of scientific knowledge, how much injustices has been done! How mnny persons have been wrong- fally accused ond punished for laziness when in fact they were merely victims to blood poisoning from ‘‘fatigue material”! All honor to Science, which even at this Inte day has come to rescue the great army of martyrs, who, while Inboring and toiling with natural zeal, are stricken with the ‘fatigue mate- rial,” causing the blood to stagnate, and com- pelling the unfortunate to find relief else- where and otherwise. General indeed has been this popular belief. that men and wom- en are sometimes lazy, and that to some the affliction is chronic; but here comes the light of Science which removes this delusion, sat- isfactorily showing that what has been es- teemed laziness is, in reality, a disease of the blood produced by an over supply of ‘ fa- tigue material.” : There are laws for the punishment of vagrancy, and an eésential part of the crime of vagrancy is what has been heretofore pro- nounced laziness,—an unwillingness to work. But is humanity to be held criminally re- sponsible for misfortune? If a man be bur- dened with more than an ordinary share of fatiguo material in his blood, is he to be pun- ished therefor? Are the police to be author- ized to determine how much fatigne material is to be tolerated? Does not this discovery of Science demand a revision of the vagrant laws, so as to discriminate between those whose blood is poisoned, and those whose blood is free from the influence of fatigue material ? . There is one compensating cir- cumstance attending this disease: the victim once stricken intuitively finds a remedy. The oppressed mother of a fashionable and wealthy family, while overtaken with this blood-poison while in. the very enjoyment of her household labors, instinctively proposes and finds relief by packing up all the new clothes prepared in anticipation of such an attack, and travels night and day to Sarato- ga, Newport, Long Branch, and similar places, there in a. round of festivities and display of dressing to find that repose and rest for the nerves and’ muscles that will eradicate the fatiguo material from the blood. Clergymen, as a class, are liablo to attacks of this malady, which, with strik- ing peculiarity, affect them in the midsum- mer. The fatigue material so overwhelms them that, despite their prayerful struggles, they are compelled to leave their. flocks ex- posed to the great enemy while they purify their blood by fishing, and rowing, and exer- cising their physical forces after the manner of athletes, This ‘ fatigue material” has special dangers, ond attacks men when they least expect it. Thus, whonever there is & base-ball contest, or a horse-race, or a cirens in town, the blood-poison, unfitting men for work, becomes specially virulent, and often as many as ton thousand able- bodied men are compelled in an afternoon to abandon their employers’ work, and, secking the base-ball ground or the race-course as spectators, obtain relief from the érnshing weight of the fatigue material which is kill- ing them. So, it attacks others at night. Young men who quit work borne down mentally and physically by fatigue ma- terial find rolief from the blood-poison by several hours’ struggle over the bill- inrd-tables, refreshing themselves at in- tervals with such beverages as may be de- manded by that intonse thirat which always marks the presenco of fatigue material to an abnormal extent.. As we have said, this malady is not confined to any age. Sitax- sreanr tells us of the whining schoolboy “‘ereeping like asnail unwillingly to school ” overcome with fatigue material, which the boy well knows would disappear if there were no school. Much that hasbeen written on this subject will have to be revised. ‘Thus, ‘Tis the voice of the sluggard; I heard him complain, “You. have waked me too soon, I must slumber again,” must bo rewritten. The man was not a sluggard ; he was merely laboring under an attack of fatigue material. It has been writ- ten also that “‘ Weariness can snore upon th, flint, and resty sloth finds the down pillo® hard,” all of which shows how overwhelming are the effects of this poisonous material upon the senses, and how charitably we ought to deal with those who, against their will, become suddenly unfitted and disabled for work. Men subject to this malady are objects of sympathy rather than of com- plaint, Like Jos, they are undoubtedly always sighing for the place where the weary—that is, the victims of fatigue ma- terial—are at rest, Macpera grew weary of the san—that is how the material affected him; while, with others, standing the day long on the sunny side of a wall, exposed to the genial warmth, is a favorite means of escaping the enervating effects upon the blood of the fatigue material. “The Leg- islature of the Btate of Llinois, at its Inst session, created a State Board of Health, for what purpose no ‘nfan kuow- eth® It may have been a Providential meas- ure, and that this Board, having nothing else to do, may have been created to furnish the world with a remedy for “ fatigue ma- terial,” or a preventive of its weakening effects upon the nerves and muscles, and thus strengthen the arm of that vast popu- lation which, while willing and anxious to work, are prevented by the constantly-recur- ring poison in their blood. THE GROWTH OF GERMAN RATIONALISM. The growth of Rationalism inside the Prot- estant Church of Germany is an event of much greater importance than the conflict between the State and the Catholic Church, Tho Rationalistic tendency in the Empire only came to the surface about a hundred years ago, and it was reinforced by English Deism through translations of Trypan, by the presence of such French infidels as Vor- vatre and Drperor at the Court of Freperice IL, and by the metaphysics of Wonrr, which subjected everything to reason. Out of these beginnings sprang. the schools of Leu- uen, Lessrxc, Kant, Strauss, Frversacn, and Baver. The Rationalisticattack wasmade, not only outside, but inside the Charch, and @ has steadily increased, notwithstanding the influence and power of the Court have been opposed to it. So far has it progressed that even now the Prot- estant Synods are discussing the pro- priety of prohibiting the use of the Apostles’ Creed in divine service, and so bitter has the discussion become, and so vio- lent the attack of the Rationalists, or liberal wing of the Church, that the orthodox fac- tion has taken refuge under the wing of the civil power, and called upon the Emperor for help and protection. A striking effect of the spread of this spirit of Rationalism is shown in the alarming de- crease of church-going. In 1848, the aver- ago attendance upon church in Berlin was barely 30,000 out of a population of 500,000. Since that time the popniation has incrensed to 800,000, and the number of church-goers hes still further decreased. There are in Germany, in round numbers, twenty-cight million Protestants and fourteen million Cattolics. Of these twenty-eight millions, fully one-half during the past few years have been abandoning their orthodox. belief and going over to what Dr. Krum- MacHER called ‘‘the Devil's kitchen of Bavrn, Srnauss, Renay, and Scuenket, whero the enchanting potion is prepared which in due time will produce the anti- Christian intoxication of the people,"—in other words, the Zoangelische Kirche, the Protestant State Church of Germany, is be- coming liberalized, and its members as a rule are not going to church. To the extent that the educated classes of Germany conclude that the dogmas of the Lutheran creed are in conflict with the revolations of Science, men- tal, moral, or physical, to that extent they coolly disregard the expounding of those dogmas, and even carry their indiffer- ence and absolute hostility so far thet they are now seeking to abolish the Apostles’ Creed from divine service as a rusty and useless form. The reason of ‘this remark- able change is easily found. - Protestantism, like everything else in Germany, is char- acterized by obstinacy and inflexibil- ity. It is not only —_conserva- tive, but. it has the rigidity of iron. It will not yield in any point ‘to Science. It will make no compromises. It is aut Casar aut nihil. It does not stop to investigate or discuss with Science. — It anathematizes her. Its hostility is as bitter and undying as was that of Haxnzpat to Rome. It demands that the believer shall accept all the dogmas without question, or go into the onter darkness of infidelity. The relations of the two maybe shown by con- trast with ourown country. Here there is aspirit of compromise. The labors of such men‘as Davin Swine, Josrrx Coox, and others, show that there is no necessity for a conflict between Science and the moral pre- cepts of religion. Protestantism, instead of defying Science, seeks a reconciliation with her, and by sacrificing non-essentials holds her own, while skepticism makes slow progress. Science never yet has made any as- sault upon the foundation truths of Christian- ity that has weakened them, and, having con- fidence in the security of those foundations, the Church can afford to compromise, or even yield points which are not essontial to the truth of doctrines. In Germany, how- ever, the Church will yield nothing. It flies at Science as Mantiy Luruen flew at the Devil. There never can.be any reconcilia- tion betweon them. But individuals progress if the Church does not, and, as individuals have no alternative left them except to im- plicitly accept the dogmas or leave, they leave. Tho result is that fourteen millions, or one-half the Protestants of Germany, are not believing anything, or are so indifferent that they neglect the Church altogether, while some of the more impulsive, in- censed at the arbitrary demand of the Church, are carried to the extreme of in- fidelity. In the large cities the Church suffers the most. In Berlin, where 99 per cent of the people are Protest- ants, and churches are very numer- ous, scarcely any men attend church, the church-goers being mainly women. In France, where there are only 2,000,000 Protestants to 34,000,000 Catholics, the same causes operate to produce the same re- sults, The Protestants are divided in the middle. The anti-clerical party, or what is politically known as the Republican, is not a party of church-goers. The Church there is just as inflexible and unyielding as in Ger- many, ond for this reason the rm asses deny religion altogether and run off into free thought and unbelief. So also in Italy and elsewhere, England is more like the United States. The Established Church of England is not only yielding in many points to Science, but also sacrificing non-essentials at the domands of Dissenters. This libernli- ty on the part of the Church has its reward. The people of England and the United States are, as a rule, church-goers. The Protestant people of Germany and France, as a rule, are not church-goers. ‘Where one Herzenr Spencer in England is writing his deistic works, hundreds are writ- ing them in Germany. Where one Ronear Incrnsoxz in the United States openly vannts his skepticism, thousands of them in Ger- many are proclaiming it in social gatherings, in lectnres, in books, in churches, even in the Imperial Parliament itself. The Church, by raising’ an impenetrable barrier against Science, continually loses her followers, and the outlook is not an encouraging one. Dr. Bunt writes an interesting letter to Tae Trreonz on. the subject of.scarlet fever and its prophylaxis. As far as scientific scrutiny has progressed, scarlet fever has been demonstrated to be the result of zymot- ie poison, which produces a septic disease in the system, and is not a volatile gas, as has been generally supposed. To illus- | trate. ins position, the Doctor cites incidents’ where the -contagion has been spread, after a. lapse of time, when ess, had gas been the origin of the disease, would have been neutralized by organic limitation. He treats the. opinions of other schools with respect, but takes the position that their premises are fundamentally errone- ons, and assumes that the true prophylactic for scarlet fever is milk. From his starting point, the milk must necessarily bo fresh and wholesome, and his argument contends that scarlatina originates from the use of impure milk, when the energetic use of the pure lnctenl fluid would operate as a preventive. Tabulating the constituent. elements of milk, the. Doctor shows how one or dence portions of tho city, where they distort themselves spo! which Cotenmcs found at Cologne. Per. haps Commissioner DeWour may’ discoyiy in this philosophy of smell the reason why the stench cannot be noticed in the inmegy, ate vicinity of the rendering establishments, while it is diffused among thesuffering peop of Chicago. | his own ridiculous theory, wants a kanal dy from the South Fork and the Stock-Vanis, through which to pump the stagnant waters into the Illinois & Michigan Cunal,‘and also wants all the ditches in the neighborhood ty like the ——two-and-seventy stenches, . _ All well-defined, and several stinks, The Health’ Commissioner, folléwing ous elements may be ated, claiming that, where the is pure, it is the true antidote for the poison of scarlatina. The Doctor confines himself to the use of milk as a prophylactic of the disease he has cited, and contents himself with a general conclusion that the value of. the fluid is underestimated. ‘That it. is a curative in other diseases is an established fact, where the disease has originated from ‘This has been proven in thousands of eases, in which the application of the poison has been external as well as internal; but it is questionable if the Doctor would limit thé efficiency of milk to cases where poison is the element, for are there not instances where gaseous complications have been relieved by the same remedy? ‘The use and the terribly sad abuse of milk is worthy of study by therapentists. Of late, its med- ical qualities have been shown to be far above its purity; and if, as at present appears probable, it rises above the standard of but- ter and buttermilk, the world will be bene- fited, though the druggists suffer. AN ODORIFEROUS SUBJECT. There are a good many stench- nuisances about Chicago, and, as a rule, the Health Commuscioner should be included among them. When the stenches assert them- selves, he asserts himself; they are nuisances, he is a nuisance; they are all wrong, and he is all wrong. What Chicago evidently wants is a Health Commissioner with more brain tissue than olfactory nerves. Pretty much every new City Administration introduces a new Health Commissioner, and every new Health Commissioner complacent- ly ignores all the frnits of past experience, and treats the stench question in a dogmatic way that leaves the city as badly off as it was before. There was a visitation the other evening of the mephitic odor peculiar to Chicago, which defies rivalry in noxious- | t! ness with avy stench ever generated in the history of the world. Health-Commissioner DeWoxr, whohas been in officea few months, was visited. Of coarse, he knew ell about it. It didn’t come from Bridgeport, nor the as already and by French physiologist. ‘The latter admits the hypothesis of Bastray up to acertain point, and even accepts some of his inferences; but he re- of Chicago filled up. After doing all this ag an expense of several hundred thonsand dollars, Commissioner DeWorr, if his official life should last so long, would probably be very much aston. ished to find that Chicago would suffer from spasmodic visitations of the sickening odors the same as before. If the Commis sioner wants to be of any service in thit. matter, he will cease whitewashing and con. plimenting the rendering establishments, and with his own assistants, and the help of the police, which tho Mayor ought to givs him, he will institute a strict watch over tho rendering houses, especially at night, and promptly indict aud prosecute every man who is found blowing off the offensive gases into the airas we describe. These stenches are notso frequent as they were soma years ago, because of previous prosecations ; andif those engaged in the rendering business were uniformly forced to deodoriza the stenches would cease altogether. Persons interested in purely scientific investi. gations, as well as those who modify scientific facts by tneological opinions, must take a deep interest in the present controversy concerning the origin of life. Prof. TYNDALL made an important statement on this subject in his late lecture before the British Royal Institution. He said, insumming up, that months of elaborate experiment had convinced him that there was not as yet. shad. ow of evidence in favor of spontancous. vener- ation. The opinion of scientific men hss been divided on this line inconsequence of the experi- ments of Dr. Bastian. Fifteen years’ x20 he announced, as the result of his invest{zation, that saline fluids lose their power of mnltiply- ing life by exposure, after inoculation, to the comparativeiy moderate temperature of 153 de- grees Fabrenheit. Yet he found thas, these fluids again developed microscopic life. after + ° cooling, though protected from the atmasphere and all other possible sources of contumina- It will be remembered that fon. Dr. BastIan’s views are controverted, stated, by Prof. Trspaut, M. Pasrecr, the distinguished: fertilizing establishments around the Stock- Yards. Certainly not. south fork of the South Branch, and from the Stock-Yards canal. All of which shows that the Health Commissioner doesn’t know We presume that he, like all his predecessors, thinks that nobody else has ever given this matter any thought or investigation, and that all he has to do is to lay the blame on some stagnant stream or pool, and there letitrest. It may surprise Health-Commissioner DeWotr to learn that his complacent theory was advanced by Ravcx, and Mrizen, and Jonnson, and Mc- Vickaz, and several other Health Commis- stoners, and as often exploded. Sometimas it was laid on the South Fork, sometimes on the Ogden Slip, sometimes on the Healey The stench came from one about as much asthe other ; but it didn’t come from It all came from the anything about it. We presume Health-Commissioner Dez- Wotr’s error arises from the same cause as that of his predecessors,—namely, from fol- lowing his nose instead of making a scientific investigation of the subject. There is less excuse in his case, however, because so many Health Commissioners’ noses have deceived them in the past. The'rule of your average Health Commissioner, whenever there is any complaint about stench, is to take a buggy and ride to some suburban slough, or ditch, orslip, Arrived at the banks, he finds a lo. cal smell, which can always be found at a stagnant pool neara city, and he immediately concludes that he has discovered the stench which is the cause of Chicago’s woe. On his way home, he drops in at a rendering estab- lishment, where he finds no local stench, and that confirms him in his notion that it is the aforesaid ditch and not. the render- ‘ing establishment which is guilty. Now, if the Health Commissioner exercised the func- tions of his brains instead of those of his proboscis, he would know that, if tho stench came from the ditch, or slip, or canal, it would be continuous instead of spasmodic. It would smell in daytime as well as night. Its odors would constantly diffuse themselves over that portion of the city to which the wind was favorable. But it is notorious that this isn’t the case. If the astute Health Commissioner would deign to bring his judg- ment to bear upon the subject he would also find, after sniffing the disagreeable ditch smell and turning up his nose thereat, that he could not smell it after getting 500 feet away fromiton his way home. Then how is it that this ditch smell travels miles into the heart of the city in a nomadic and spook- like fashion at the dead of night?. Come; we may expect a little bit of logic even froma Health Commissioner. Before giving the rendering establishments aclean bill of health, Dr. DzWoxr ought to give some attention to what his predecessors were driven to discover. Of course, there is no local smell about these establishments, for the simple reason that they take care to pass the smell over into the city to infect the sitting-rooms and sleeping-rooms of the residences at the time all the family are sure to be at home. Com- missioner DeWour evidently: does not understand how this is done; but it i done, nevertheless. Most other people who have ever given the matter any attention know that the rendering is done with huge tanks, into which a mass of offal of all kinds is dumped and set a-boiling. This process generates the noxious gases. They can be passed. off under ground by first cooling through running waters or a large basin constantly replenished with o fresh supply of water; but this costs some- | is thing, and some of the rendering establish- ments, do it while others don’t, and some of them do it a part of the time, and fail to do it when they think their lapse will not be dis- covered. When they neglect this deodoriz- ing process, they simply pull the valves at the top of the tanks and let the gas escape | f° into a high chimney and go into the air, where it “‘ smells to Heaven.” The gases, being hot, remain at the height at which they are emitted, very much as a pressure of steam is let off from a boiler, and float along perhaps o quarter of a mile; then, begin- ning to cool, they gradually settle down till “ they'reach nearly the surface of the earth, tions on the field of theological speculat immediate; and, though simple Christ without pretensions to learning, need not, in any event, have their faith shaken or theic im- Dlicit confidence in the Christian scheme dis- turbed, the learned Doctors may be ectting their weapons of defense ready. ment among scientific men of the theory _ of spontancous generation would open a. new region for which the fancy might fill with monsters jnore terrible than ever a SpeNsEr or a Dante could conceive. impulse. The Development Theory would be- come a comparatively tame and harmless jdoc trine; for the attack would be no longer directed against belief in special creations, but against belicf in creation at all. have heretofore considered it a ba that they were compelled to defend . the outworks of their faith would be driven in to their citadel and compelled to defend the Ark of the Covenant itself against irapious as- saults. Happily, there is at present no dayger of so frightful a conflict. On the side of: the Christian and orthodox host may now be fount champions from among the unbelievers. ; Io- deed, it may. be said that the fight thus far is confined exclusively to the ranks of the scicn- tificmen. It isa quarrel among themselves, in which the heaviest artillery is engaged agninst materialism and unbelief, and the heaviest artil- lery, tradition leads us to believe. always,has the favor of Providence in aspccial degree. lofty eminence has reviewed the prospect o'er and arrived at the conclusion that the Repgb- lican party is dead, the Democratic party is dead, and the only things lett alive are the Herald and the Independent voter. the end of the tragedy of “Pyramusand Thiste,” when only Lion and Moonshine are left to bury thedead. Which is Lion and which -Ioonshize, we can’t pretend to say, but perhaps the Lerald jects, if we may be permitted the phrase, the vital conclusion. He bas accordingly chal- lenged Dr. Bastian to repeat his experiments : before three celebrated French experts.—Du- * MAS, MinNE Epwarbs, and boussincavtr. The : challenge has been accezted, and the expert ¢ ments will shortly be made, until which : time the controversy is resting, in: some measure, in abeyance. Prof. Trpauw’s opposition, as might bave been ex- pected, has been more individual and energetic. ‘ He demanded no committee of investigation to | decide a question which he felt competent to examine and pass upon both for himself snd for the rest of the scientific world. His experi-, ments were exhaustive and original. First be heated the same fluids treated by Dr. Bastian i toa higher temperature, and no traces of bac- terial life appeared. Then, atter several ex- periments less satisfactory in their resilts,— which seemed, indeed, to establisz the truth of the germal theory;—he adoot- ed a new hypothesis which obviated all his previous difficulties. Observation: con- vinced him that the bacterin held in the fluids were in different stages of development, some of the younger ones being more o* less indurated, and better able to resist the’ heat, while those which had arrived at maturity were soft, and could be more easily destroyed. In order, therefore, that he mizht catch alf the germs at the period of maturity, he subjected the fluids to several successive heatings, at in- tervals of ten or twelve hours. In this manner he extinguished all the germs, and the full re- mained afterwards at a low temperature,—the air beg excluded,—without developing any forms of life. : The bearing of these and similar inveitiga- is nS, The estatuish- incosmita: exploration—a lerra Materialism would receive a ‘new Theologians «who ship We are sorry to see that our New York name- i sake and contemporary has been having trotble | with their compositors and proof-readers, aud yet not sorry, for we are afforded an oppoitu- nity to wed the following fine thonght with the following immortal verse: A When I was a young editor I lived ina tower, | And all the printers I did want I got in an hour. The ‘rats and the comps. they made me a éad strife; Inever raw such proof-reading in all my life. ‘ The eub-foreman slipped and the type got a fail, 1 And down came the leaded-matter, galley, and wil. | The Herald has scaled its ear, and from that It is very much lke both lyin’ and moonshine. “ $a A St. Louis politician who wanted a berth-in the reformed Civil Service went to a frierid, whom he asked to use his good offices with & local Congressman. “You know,’ «said ke, that he will do anything you ask him, be- cause you have his ear.” “That is perhaps saying too much,” said the. friend modestl;; Thaven’t all his ear,—that no man could pre- tend to,—but I have a liberal installment of it,” Exactly what steps Boston will take for the immolation of Capt. Scorr is not yet appareot, but that his profanation of all that Boston holds dear will drag upon bis devoted head some aw- ful fate is manifest. At a recent meeting of the Sea Cliff Saiats, Scorr, who wasvat ore time a Hub policeman, said that the prevalence by which time they have arrived at theyresi- | of drunkenness among Boston women was