Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, July 12, 1877, Page 4

THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: TITURSDAY, JULY 12, 1877 Che Tribune. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, BY MAIL—IN ADVANCE--POSTAGE PREPAID. Daly Faitton, one seat. OY Parked a pear, per month On Matled cto any eelitresa font 00 Buaday paniuos Lite Jroutie Shee 50 * ‘atnrday Filitho Ait {-Werkly, one year. a Prot a sear. per moniti VERKLY RD w Specimen enpies eeat free ’ To prevent driay and misiakes, be sure an Omer aditress(n full, Including State and Connty. emittances maybe made elther by draft, express Post-uitce order, or in registered tetera, at our rake TERMA TO CITY SUNSCRINERS, rally, tthe ere Sg 7 eaeepted A ccnte Lae WeCk: Dany! ae 5 include ChUn er weeks re peas 14 HU COMERS WILY, a = Denrbor luteago, 11, rene A ‘Corner Madison and D “AMUSEMENTS. Adelpht Theatre. Monroe street, corner of Dearborn. Men.” “Three Fast Cotton's Gpera-Honre. Nonrce streat, between State and Dearborn. “Ane serrvoyiile. Exposition Building. Lake Shore, fuot of Adatna strect, Thomas’ Sum pier-Niabt Concerts. ———t SOCIETY MEETINGS, FAIRVIEW CHATTER, 3 he, snvocation to be ht and Thir he conferred. vent AM Ih Ae DAGUY, M. E. HP ee THURSDAY, JULY 12, 187%. CHICAGO MARKET SUMMARY, The Chicazo vrodnce markets were active yea- tercay. aud ieregulur. Bless pork closed 2¢@5¢ higher, at £13, 35@153, 10 cash and $28.4245 + for Augnet. Lard closed 7$3@10e 0 Ts lower, at $9.05 for August and “4; for September. Meats were firmer, per ib for loore ehouldera and Tie for tris, Lake frolahts were tirm, at 14@2e m to Buffalo, Highwines were ateady, at per gallon, Flour was doll. Wheat 2 higher, at abont $1,99% for July for Aucust Corn closed Se lower, ae for duly and 47%¢ for August. closed 1 1!5¢ lower, at S2Yc cash aud 24e : for Auguet, Hye auld at O2¢ eash and S5e for Harley was nominal, at Oc for new No. Hoga were actlye and 4@10¢ Tower, FHUG.AS. Cattle were feirly active and fiem. Sheep were unchanged, One Lundred dollara in gold would buy $105.37 in Krecauacks at the close, a) tthe New York Stock Ex- change yestorday closed nt 94}. pee SNES It is asserted in Berlin that Count Ax- piassy, haviug positive information that Bervia is gomg into the war, has notifiod the Russian Ambassador that Austrian can whip Servia anyhow, and will thorefore mazch 3 upon her territory. A munor is carrontin Condon of tho in- tended resignation of Disnare. It health vd na the cause, and it ia said that ‘ tho Premier is anxious to draw the breath of zon ag soon as the state of pub- Vic busines will permit. Mr. Diaz, of Mexico, does not seem to bs generally known. No action in recognition of his Minister has been taken in Washing. ton, und the other nations are holding back. "Phe fact is, a Government in Mexico don’t stick Jong cnough to make recognition of its representative worth while, ‘Iwo peculiar cases of polsoning are pre- rented in the dispatches this morning. In Osborne Cpnunty, Kan, a mau found his daugter wandoring about in 9 demented con- dition, her veins filled with tho virus of o rattlesnake’s fangs, and ut Docatur (Il.) Mies Kare Kenty died in a fow minutes af a ating which a beoleft in hor lips. ‘Through the ignorance of the gentlemen to whom is intrusted tho management of tho Wheatland (Ps.) coal mine, half o dozen man were suffocated yesterday. Hauling from tho shaft was dono by a locomotive, and au ordg was issued to substitute an- thracite for soft coal. ‘lho gas generated by tho fucl filled the shaft and did the dam- age. Dox: Pepno, combining business with sight- sucing, has been bidding for dmigration to Brazil from tho German uettlements in the theatre of war in Bulgaria, offering large in. ducements in the way of {reo pnasayo and general outfit for ogricultnral purposes. Very sensibly the Czar has taken upon him- self the duty of warning the colonists ngainst: choosing the great South American Empire as their future home, and has pointed out the superior advantages of tho United States. There isto bo w grand iuvestigation into Ue action of Gen. Kavrz, commanding in Arizona. To ts charged with carelessness in the administration of hiv affairs, and it is said his neglect in dirsctly responsible for tuveral murders by wandering Indiana, It iv all-important that Arizona should be faith- folly scrutinized at this juncture, when Chief Jousxru, with his band of Nez Perces, has re- lieved tho Government of all responsibility in Idaho. Despite the efforts of a few silk smugglers to remove Capt. Baacnerr on the ground that ho interferes with the froe importation of material upon which the laws impose o duty, the Cuptain retains his place under orders from Hecrotary Suenwan. As Investigation proceeds now fins are turned up with not over-brilliant records as to the payment of customs duties, aud now that Buaoxetr haw received official encouragement to lot politics alone and attend to bis business, it is likely that smuggling wilt be checked, and that “ prominent ” thieves will find their influence for the removal of eflicient officers somywhat loosened. Bpringtield, IL, suddenly develops ove Capt: Joux Toni, who was at one time deep in the confidence of Brigzam Youno, and who ‘purports to have a large amount of documentary and other evidence calculated to identify that Salot with tha Mountain: Meadow and otber massacres. ‘Toutn clalow to have been at one time a guide toa party of Goutiles who were deliberately murdered Ly o sonof Duranax, acting under orders from: his father, who feared thut the slaugh- tered bund were on their way to Califorais for the purpose of misrepresenting Mor- monisia to Californians, The Captain will go to Salt Lake to testify in the coming trinks. It seems that “ the battle of the Boyne” is not to be fonght over egain to-day in the strects of Montreal, owing to tho wiso deter- mination of tho Orangemen to forego their proposed parade, This ig undoubtedly tho casiest wuy in ell cases to avoid 9 silly con- dict of two Irish factions, It may be very aunoylug to Orengemen to feel that thoy caunot join ine peaceful demonstration on their favorite anniversary without being threatencd with attack, but as 8 rulo itis better to bu aunoyed than attacked It msy be very wrong in o portion of the Lish Cath. olics to threaten an attack, but it has never yet been in the power of any system of po- lice to suppress viclousintent. Tho Orange- man would be entitled, a8 between the two factions, to such protection as the local an- thorities could give them, but would also to a certain degree bo responsible for the broken heads and mangled remains, as we enn conceive of nocclebration that wenld not be in the nature of a taunt, The annual re- currence of these rows and threatened rows is by no means complimentary to the good nature or the guod judgment of the Irish people, Aspecial session of the wna held at Windaor yesterday, the Queen presiding over its deliberations, This is re- garded in London‘asa significant occurrence, and important events are expected with foverish interest. The flest at Besika Bay fn been largely reinforced, until it now om- braces twenty-four veasels mounting 160 gnns, besides troops on board to the number of 8,000, It is diffienlt to persuade the gen- erality of Englishmen that all this ia a part of the absolute neutrality programme orig- inally announced by the Queon, and it cor- tainly does look very much as if all theso formidable proparations mennt something ‘besides n passive nnd disinterested observa- tion of the war in tho Enst. Fp | Unintimidated by tho fato of the Mollio Magnires in Pennsylvanis, «branch of the craft, engaged in the Governmont printing office at Washington, sent a deputation to Dernees, Government Trinter. to notify him that their Union would not permit a certain man, who had not served his apprenticeship, to work under any circumstances. Derazes promptly warned them that tho authorities would not permit any dictation as to who should or who should not be employed, ad- monisbing them collaterally that their Union was making a corporate ass of itsolf iu tho premises, This high-handed outrnge on the part of s Governmont official will unques- tionably draw upon him o magnificent reso- lution of censure at the next meeting of the * chapter,” but it is hardly probable that ho will bo compelled to resign and peg oat of Washington to save hia skin, The Yowa Greenbackera have indulged in the luxury of o State Convention, with all that that jinplies, excepting possibly the prospect of success at the polls, of which thera is absolutely none, The ticket put in nominntion may be a good ono, but not so govd as tho Ropublican ticket previously nominated, and the platform enunciates no principles that fowa Republicans will prefor to those laid down in their own platform. Toth are agreed oa to the restoration of the old-fashioned silver dollar as a legal-tender to on unlimited amount,—a measure which wonld remove tho element of contraction from the, problem of specio resumption, and inuure ‘‘a currency equal to the demands of ‘bnsiness.” If the Greenbackors will drop their rag-money nonsense and concentrate their encrgiea on tho silvor question, they many reasonably expect to do some good without doing any harm. ——————— No attompt is now made by tho Russians to conceal tho fact thnt the campaign in Asia Minor has rosulted {na disastrous fail- ure. It is admitted that the siege of Kars bas been abandoned, and that it waa neocs- sitated by the advauce of Mouxutan Pasa with a forco to which tho Rusatans dared not attempt to give battle. A large force of cay- alry was sent to protect tho communications threatened by the oncoming ‘Turks, on the infantry ond artillery in front of Kars were transferred to new positions, Gen, Tznaveasor?'s com mand was compelled to retreat post. haste, aud thero is a suspicion of invention in the explanation that he had weakened his forces by ‘protecting a number of Christian villages whose inhabitants wore in great danger af being massacred by the Kurds and Bashi-Bazouks, The Christiansin danger of massacro, and to whose rescue TenavKa- sory devoted his onergios, probably woro the Muscovite uniform and had culisted “for threo years or during the war.” CONTRACTION OF RANE NOTE CIRCULA- Thero aro some facta in ‘relation to tho National Banks which aro of value in the dixcussion of the resumption question, An act of Congresa wont into effect on tho Ist of June, 1874, which authorized National Banks to retire a part of their notes and withdraw honds in due proportion, On the 14th of January, 1875, the so-call- od Freo Banking act took effect. This act rowoved the limit to bank-note circuls- tion, and permitted any bank either to cn- large or reduce ila ixanes, and for new banks to be extablighed It provided also that for evary 3100 of additional bauk-note circula- tion $80 of greenbacks shonld be with- drawn, until the legal-tenders wore reduced to $300,100,000, It was pre- dicted at tho time by many that onder this Froe Banking law there would bo a grandrush for more noted, and the 82,000,- 000of greenbacks in excess of the $300, 000,000 Mit would bo quickly rotirod, It is now tou years and a half since the Free Banking act wax pamwed, Lot us cxamine the result of its operations, Tho following statemout of the Comptroller of the Currency shows the issue and tho retirement of National Bank notes and tognl-touder notes under the sets of Juno 20, 1874, aud Jan, 14, 1875, to Tuly 1, 1877: National Hank notes ontetanding when act of June 20, LN74, was pauacd,.$U49, 834, 382 National Bank notes issued frum June 20, 1874, w dan, 14, 1 Son 8 4,734,500 National Bank notes te- deemed aud retired be- » 2,767,212 twoen sume oF Tacrease from June 20, 1874, to dun, 14, 1875. date. Natioual tins ry rendered Vetween saute Wate sesseee eveaseres 8,334,008 . Total redeemed surrendered... National Bank note sued between sae dates... "80,241,203 National Bank notes outstanding at UBC sree revrreee sere serenssey eneee GOLD, O20, 247 It appears from these returns, taken from the Comptroller's Looks, that wince the Free Banking law of Jan. 14, 1875, passed, tho bauk-note circulation, insteud of increasing enormously, as Was thought by many would bo the case, has fallon off no leas than thirty- wix aud a quarter millions, Jt is truo there have been new issues of notes to the amount of nearly twenty-eight millions, but during the same period there have also been retired und surrendered upwards of sizty-four mill tonsa between the some dates. ‘The bank- uote circulation, which was three hundred and fifty-two millions two and a half years ago, bos shrunk down to about threo hun. ritish Onbinet. dred and fifteen mi At the saine avor- age rate of shrinkago s yoar from now, tho bank-note circulation will not much, if any, exceed three hundred millions. ‘What has occasioned this large and un- looked-for retirement of bank-notes? Many people have bad an idea that thore was an immonee profit in the bank-note circulation, and that the banks were ‘coining money" from gains on their issues, If that had beon true, the banks would have increased their notes to the utmost, and .ontaide capi- talista would havo rushed inta the banking- business, The notes have been withdrawn simply because under cxtsting rostrictions thoro was not sufficient profit in circulation to warrant locking np so much capital in bonds and redemption reserves ns tho Inw requires, A bank could only issue $90,000 of notes upon a doposit of 100,000 bonds costing at least 112,000 in greenbacks to purchase them. And then the logal-tondor reserves required to be kept in Washington, inclnding that en route to and fro, will amount to at least $10,000 more, Thon comes tho tax of one per cent on the circula- tion, whieh abstracts from one-quar- ter to one-sixth of all the intorest re- ceived from tho borrowers of tho notes, If a bank could keep all ita notes out on in- terost in tho hands of solvent customers at 8 per cont, the tax on circulation would still be nearly 13 per cont on what was received fér interest ; but in the Eastern States, whora most of the banks are located, the rata of interest ia only G to 7 por cont, and a great deal of money is loaned on call at 2 to 4 por cent; and thore are seasons of tho year when a bank will have from 20 to 40 per cant of its notes or those of other banka (which amounts to the same thing) lying idle in its vaults for want of good customers to borrow tho money. It may bo rafely stated that tho Fedoral war-tax of 1 per cont on circulation, which is atill exacted, equals one-quarter in the East to one-sixth in tho West of tho to- tal profit accruing to the banks from intercet on their note circulation, Tho long and short of the matter is, tho banks, finding by experionco that thera ia little or no advantage in note circulation, are gradually withdrawing their issues. This process will proceod with accelerated velocity as the time approaches for rasump- tion in gold. The banks are not patriotic enough to keep out an issue of notes to bo redeemed on demand in gold, with a tax of 1 por cent thereon whether they ato loaned or not, and bonds worth $112,000 locked up in Washington, besides enough gold to ro- deem tho notes as fast as presented,—all for the sake of Loving $90,000 of circulation to loan or keep idle. ‘We have pointed out those handicapping restrictions to hare-brained resumptionista, but they persist in shutting their eyes to the facts. Evory provision of tho Remumption act, in effect, provides for contraction of tho currency, and to making hardor times certain tocome upon the country, But the people will not submit to it, The noxt session of Congress must either provide a mode of re- sumption without contraction, or repoal tho act. THE MONTENEGRIN CAMPAIGN. The Montencgrin campnign is over. Tho brave niountaineers, after a desperate resist- ance, wero crushed between tho overwholm- ing uumbors of the Turkish armies, led by two of the beat Generals in the servico, and composed of the very flower of tho Turkish soldiery. But Montenogro is still freo, Hor warriors oro still in their mountain fast. neesen, upon the sides of which lie 15,000 Turkish dead, Though driven back to thoir tocksand crags, they arestill unconqnered, and thoir ancient enemy, through the demand of Austri, on the one hand and tho straits of the armies in Bulgaria on the other, has withdrawn, and is now slowly pursuing its way to the south of the Balkaus to co-op- erate with the forces of the Quadrilateral, In reviewing tho campaign from tho out- sot it will be seen that the Montenegrins, though defeated, have been of immensa service to tho Russians, At the very begin- ning of the outbreak in Terzegovina, the Montancgrins were in arms against their old oppressor, aud, down to the timo when Sorvia entered tho field, defented tho Turks in every en- gagement. When Bosnia and Herzegovina wore overrun and Servia sued for peaco, Montenegro would accept no terms from tho ‘Turk, because her claim for territory wasnot allowed, Sho wanted the amall strip of lovel territory to the north that onco belonged to her, arable tand for her crops, pasturngo for hor flocks, a chauca to descend to tho plains, instead of being soaped up on her black mountain crags, ‘Iho Turk refused this do- mand, and tho mountaineers rofused to lay down their arms, When Russia declared war with Turkey, the ‘Turk’s first offort waa to crush Montenegro, wo that she should not co-operate with tho Russian right wing as it moved south to torn the Balkans, which was in the outset supposed to bu part of the Rus- sian programme of operations, Tho Turks sent upone army from the south through Albania, under Menewer Pasua, and a gec- ond down from the north through Bosnia, under Sunerman Pasta,—in all, a force of abont 60,000 of tha best soldiers of the Turkish army, under command of two of the best ‘of thoir Gonerals, Thia poworfnl force the littlo Montenegrin army of 20,000 men haa kept employed ever since the Ist of April, and what havo the ‘Turks accomplished? Montenegro is utill free, Fifteen thousand Turks havo beon killed and the remnant of 45,000 is now on o long tedi. ons foot-march to the south of the Balkans, to reliove the forces of tha Quadrilateral, and to holl the mountain passes against tho Unusians }f pousibla, The Turks havo made many blundors in this campaign, but none eo monstrous as the diversion of 60,000 of their bost troops to carry on this disastrous Montenegrin cam- paign. For o lorig timo before the Russians crossed tho Danube it was apparent that tho passago of the main army wonld not be made on tho Servinn frontier, but at Sistova, aud that their preparations and necossities wero such as to limit them to that one point, The pe was made exactly where it was ox- pected, and, although the Rnsstans wero con. fronted by @ mere bandful of men, they only nade thelr landing after severe aud bloody fighting. Thero was no possibility of operations in ervia, because that would involve’ complications with Aus- (ria. ‘hero was no immediate dan- ger from the Dobradscha force, becauso the Turkish army in its fortified camp from Shuwls to .Varna was too powerful to bo beaten back by tho snail Russian force in the Dobrudscha. The vital point of tho cunpaign was the bank of the Danubs be- twoen Sistova and Rustchuk. Supposo now that the Turks bad le{t a smalt blockading force to opurute agalust Montenegro, sud hud placed these 60,000 men on the south bank of tho Danube at Rustchuk and Sis- tova. ‘Thoy would have made ao desperate fight, and it ix not impossible that they world have provonted the crossing. It ia apparont now that if the Russians aro auc ceasfnl daring the presont season in their Bulgarian campaign, it is owing to this do- fection of 60,000 of the Lest troops in the Turkish servico, to waste their strength for three months against tho Montenegrin mountain sides, and eave one-fourth of their number nnder Montenegrin soil, ‘The Montencgrin campaign, there- foro, was equivalent to an offset of 60,000 mon in favor of the Russians, hold back through April, May, June, and nearly half of Jnly, whilo they secured their passage over the river. If tho Turks are beaten in this campaign, thoy deserve it for their blunder, If the Russians aro snecerafnt, the Monte- negrins deserve to have the territory given to them which they have claimed of ‘Turkoy, both asa reward of gallantry and heroisin, ands compensation for the great servico they have rendered Russia, UNITED STATES. In 1976 Congress directed that there shall ‘be an annual statistical report mado to Con- gress of information relative to the internal commerce of the country. Mir, Joserm Nowm, Jr, Chiof Clerk of tho Internal Commerco Division of the Troasury, has jnat comploted his first roport under this low, from which we gather the following partio- ulars: Estimated yatne of shipping en- gaged Inforelyn trade... 2,000,000 Estimated valne of railroads in the United State eee, ase 4,600,000, 000 ‘Value of imports and exports 13121, 634,277 Estimated value of commodities moved by rallin United States,, 18,000, 000,000 One chapter of the roport embraces, so far ag was practicable, n statement of froight which crossed the Mississippi River between St. Paul and St. Louis over railroads and bridges and which passed down that river. Thirteen bridges have been constructed by railroad companies botwoen Winona ond St. Louis, at an aggregate cost of $20,183,000. The trade of Minnesota is mostly with the Enst, A fow articles reach there from New Orleans and St. Lonis, but even the sugar and molnsses receivod from these cities is s0 small compared with the imports of the same goods from the East thatit is difficult to ostimate it. ‘The trado with St. Louis is still mainly by tho rivor, nnd is daily grow- ing loss in proportion. The direstion of the trade of Iowa is thus roported: ‘Tho business of all north and south ronds In Towa Ia practically cast-bound businews, The north and pouth roads carry thelr traffic to the maln east and west trunk lines, and over them {t goca to Chicago. There is practically no sonth-bonnd business, Nenrly all the traffic of the Keokuk & Des Moines Hallroad, striking the Mlssisalppi Itlver ot Reokuk at tho fout of the lower rapids, zoesto Chicago. It {8 safo to calculate that 05 percent of the bnaineas of Iowa gocs to Chicago and Milwankee. The whole tonnage received at St. Louis “from the North” was only 413,088 tons, of which 60,993 tons were received by the R. R., L & St. Louis R. R., 153,995 tons by tho THinois River, and 198,100 tons by tho Mississippi River. Of the wheat shipped from Minnesota in 1875 only 1 por cont went south of Iowa and 99 per cont went onat by rail, The following shows the tonnage cross- ing tho Mississippi River bridges in 1875 : ORAIN AND PLOCR Dercent- age 9, total, 8 Totat tons. At Winons ..+4., 75 At La Crorse. At Prairie du Cklen, Dubu wore 1,050,673 Of the lumber of the Mississippi and Wis- consin waters shipped south, it sppcars that 90 por cont is consumod at rivor towns, or thonco sont east or west, and only 10 por cont reaches St. Lonis, Tho averago valuo of enst-bonnd freights is $50 per ton; of frejghta going to St. Louis, $8 per ton. Tho grenter portion of the report is do- voted to the discussion of raflrond affairs, with essays upon the subject of competition amd combination, on which mauy volumes hove been written, and which is discussed in overy annual report by every railroad in the United States. We regrot to atato thatin the matter of statistics the report is very meagre. It isto be hoped that the second roport will bo better, otherwise it might bo omitted altogethe: THE DEMOORALIO SPOILS SYSTEM. ‘The spoils do belong to the victora, The work of politics shontd be done by the official clans. "The cxpenses of that work ahould be burne by that class, The officesof the Govornmont should be filled by thoue who belong to the party In power, and who have aapported it inthe Geld. ‘These should be the governing class, for as loug as the people have voted, or assented: he Incumbency of the party thoy belong to, the rewards abould be proportionate to the ability and success of the workers.—rooklyn Kage (Dem.). “ ‘This is the trae Democratic doctrine stated by authority. It ia tho oxprossion of tho loading Democratic nowspaper in tho third city in the Union, It is an open and candid avowal of the Democratic devotion to tho spoils system and machine politica. If con. fesuion is good for the soul, the Democrats will do well to acknowledge this as their own and abide by it, Itis the Jacksonian idea of American politica, so porsistently im- pressed upon the American system under him and his Democratic successors that it may be yoars bofore tho moat determined opposition can break itdowa, Tho spoils system has taken rout in plaoas where it would not be suspected, and twines about almost overy man who has over taken active part in poli. tica, Office-seeking has become a regular profession, and reward for party service is a phrase to which the American has bo- come #0 accnstomed that it is accepted as axiomatic, There are prominent mon and pretentious newspapers that do not healtate to antagonize openly the offort that Prosi. dent Hares ia making to purty the public service, and others, more hypocritical, that Dolittle and discourage this effort because it is porsonal and is beset with so many em- barrassmonts, Nothing could illustratemore forcibly how strong a hold the corrupt and dopraved spoils system has takon upon the official and tho oftice-seeking classes, There could certainly be no more vicious political utterance thau the declara- tion that ‘the work of politics should be done by the official class, and tho expenses of that work should be borne by that class,” Such a doctrine involves (1) an obligation upon the officeholders to neglect the duticsfor which thoy have ostensibly been selected, and (2) the temptation to plunder the Public Treas- ury, In regard to the first proposition,—that the work of politics should be done by the official class,—it follows logically that tho entire body of officoholders should be or ganized ax one vast machine to run tho coun- try, ith the primary purpose of kooping themselves in office and perpotuating tho political power of the party to which thoy belong and without any regard to the wishes of the people. ‘This is nothing more nor less than @ subversion of tho priuciple of popular sclf-governmont, and the substitu. tion of a corrupt oligarchy for the more de- sirable forms and practices of monarchy which was abandoned in order to attain solf- government. When there ars indications that the majority of the people are desirous of ridding themsvlvos of the party in power, then it becomes the duty of, the official class under this rule to do what they can to defeat the will of the people. It should bo kept in mind also that, while the officcholdors sro bnmming around ward-meetings, organizing tho roughs, drilling repeaters, making tho alntes, manipulating tho primaries, bulldoz- fing the caucuses, packing the conventions, and swindling the people in tho intorost of themeclves and their party, the mombers of tho opposing party, numbering about half the people.of the conntry, aro paying about half their salaries. ‘This loads up to tho sec- ond proposition, viz.: 'That the oxpenses of the political party should bo borne by the official clnas, But, under thin system, it ia not the official class, but the taxpayers, who bear the expenses, and the taxpayors of the opposing party have to share the expenses of maintaining the ruling party in perpetuating their power, The rule of imposing upon the official class the expenses of the political campaigns naturally increases the number of officcholders, no that the taxpay- ora pay double what they ought to pay,— supporting enough mon to do tho necessary work of the Government and slso enough to do the political work of tho perty in power. But the bleeding of the taxpayer doew not stop here, Government officeholders, ns a rule, aro not rich enough to afford the sacri- fice of their Government pay for party bene- fit, nnd the official salaries are ordinarily not large cnongh to divide.. Tenco the temptn- tion to steal. Who can doubt that tho Whisky Ring took its origin in the practice of making asseasments for party bonotit? ‘Thero was abundant testimony to that offeot in the trials of the whisky thieves, Thus tho Government has been swindled out of untold millions of revenue, and the burdens of the tazpayers increased in proportion, in a grmud system of robbery founded in the first instance on the practice of party assessments, Many of the defalcations in the Governnient have grown out of the same practice; and it is this practice which Las no familinrized the American peoplo with the misuse of pablic funds that it is ucarcely re garded as 2 orimo to stent trom the Govern- ment, It cannot be denied that all we bave enid is the logical sequence of the spoils system, which is vory fraukly and correctly stated in the extract from the Brooklyn Kugle, Itis notoriously the Democratic construction of politics. ‘So tho extent that the Kopublican party has followed it, there has been » bare imitation. The spoila system jaa principle with tho Democratic party; it ig a fraud on tho Republican party, President Hares and his associates aro making a herolo cffort to tear it out by the roots, We belicve this effort will bo continued faithfully throughont the present Administration. If this shall provo to bo the casu, the apoils sys- tem will be a conspicnons issno in the next Presidential campaign. If the Demucrats think thoy can restoro it, after it shall havo been fairly broken, let them try it; wo aro also willing that all who now profess to be Republicans, but who sro believers in the spoils system, shall go over to the Democrata and defend it before tho people, What the country wanta most of all is a party which hag demonatrated a claim to popular con- fidence in its intention to abandon tho spoils system, and wo Lolfovo President Hayes will place the Republican party in that position before the end of his tearm. If he shall snc- ceod in doing so, tho American peoplo will scarcely relapse into tho vicious Democratio system, which will be openly fathered by opposing Republicanism of the Hares stamp. BRITISH GOLD IN TURKEY. Tho insolvency of Turkey has beon fre- quently adverted to as the principal source of hor weakness at the procont time; but we aro not aware that the causes of her flnan- cial embarrassmonts have been wholly ex- plained. ‘The condition of ‘Turkey is now infinitely worse than it was then. Sho has now, it is true, an abundanco of the materiel of wot in which she was then deficient, She has Krupp guns, wmall arms of improved pattern, monitors, torpedoes, and even, If rumor may be trasted, explosive bullets. But she wants the means to make all these instruments of warfare effootive. Sho bas no money, and sho cannot borrow ; she has nocredit, This, after all, is the magico charm in modern controvorsies. No matter how unprepared for war a uation may bo, it will make itaelf felt aa ot toast a ro. spectable antagonist if it has credit in tho financial ventres of the world, and if timo be allowed it to gain broath. France wad ornshed, in spite of ber resourcoa, becanse Germany clutched her by the thront at onco and never rolaxed the terrible hold aho took at tho begluning of the fight, Turkey has not been go seized, and, if her finances wore now unimpaired, or if whe were even in os good condition as she was at the close of the Crimean War, sho might meet Russia on equal terms, England would be at the back of T'arkoy now as sho was then; and Ev- gland is not to be despised as an ally, for, however inferior her army, sho has that which can create armies aud provide a com- miiseariat, Paradoxical as the sialement may seem, England is in a large measuro responsible for the financial prostration of Turkey, En- gland first encouraged Turkey to borrow, and the fatal facility in gottiug other people's money engrafted upon Turkish institutions by English advice and co-operation pluuged the former country into a course of extrava- gance which finally landed it in tho abyss of ropudiation aud bankruptey. Sir James Ma- xg, in bis recontly-published work oh Tur- key, describos briefly the resulta of European monoy npon Turkish administration, 6o fur as we know, he isthe first writer who has given the subject much attontion, and he does not do it full justice, It isa curious and interesting stady,—thia modern history of civilized finance in an uncivilized coun. try,—and will ropsy some investigation. Before the Crimean War, ‘Turkey did not borrow abroad. She bad debts and doficits at home, the latter extending back as far as 1850; but these wero matters exclusively be- tween the Porte and its own subject. Dur- ing the prevalence of the Turcomania in- cited by the aggressions of Russia and the Crimean War, the Porte was encouraged to beliove that its credit might bo used in foreign countries, ‘Tho first loan wav ac- cordingly contracted in London in 1854 on the security of the tribute of Eyypt. ‘fhree willion pounds sterling were placed in this mauner at an average issue price of 80 per cent. Tho very next year a new loan of £5,000,000 sterliug was negotiated, under the guarantes of France and England, with interest ot 4 por cent; the issuo price of this loau was 102, and it was secured by tho romainder of the Egyptian tribute and tho onatom duties of Syria, Emboldoned by the @mccoss of this enterprisc, and charmed with the uew aud improved fashion of getting other people's money at tho ex- pense of n fow promises easy to be mado and easter to be broken, Turkey from this time went rogularly into the loan business. New loans wore contracted in 1858, 1860, 1862, 1863, two in 1865, 1867, 1869, 1871, 1872, 1873, and 1874, Every conceivable variety of security was pledged,—the ons- toms duties and octroi of Constantinople and the general revenues of tho Empire; the tobacco, salt, atamp, and license taxes; tho sheep-tax of Roumolin and the Archipelagoca, and the produce of tho minea at Tokat. "Tho issuo price varied from that of tho gunr- antecd loan ‘of 1855, which sold at 102}, to that of the forty-million & per cont loan iu 1874, which found numerous subscribers at 43},—nearly all of the frat installment, amounting to £16,900,000, heing taken at this. price. Tho thrifty Briton, it will be observed, did not put his monoy into Turkish bonds withont a realizing senso of tho riskiness of the ven- ture; and perhaps any sympathy exponded on persons who buy forcign bonds at 43} would be worse than wasted. However this may be, the policy of borrowing abroad to pay extrnvagences at home bos beon checked in Tnrkey, it is hoped foraver, Tho last lonns contd not bo placed at any price; and since the decree of Oct. 6, 1876, by which the interest coupons of both the in- terior and exterior debts were scalod one- half, thoro bas been no uot thing as Turk. ish credit in the markets of the world. 'Tho effects of these loans upon the Tnrk- ish Government have not been sufficiently noticed by historians of tha present war, Money that comes ensily. proverbially goes ns easily, and when it gocs many of the homely virtuos aro carried along by it. Tho loan of 185 produced os immediate and dis- astrous an effect in Turkey as the war in- demnity of France did in Gurmany. Specu- Jntion became rife. The slow aud sure gains of the market-placo and tho harvest-field wers abandoned for the temptations of the Bourse. Private life was invaded Dy all tho forms of Heentiousness and ex- travagance. Nor was tho effect upon tho officint administration less pernictous. As onrly ns 1858 the debt incurred on tho . Civil List, in lees than six months, ran up to £3,000,000, ‘The Civil List of Anpon Aziz was raiscd from £100,000 ‘in 1868 to £1,200,000 in 1873, and he annually received hesides £500,000 f2r pensions and charitios, derived nu additional revenuo from crown domains and presents, and might at his pleasure raise unlimited amounts, His an- nual exponditures were cstimated at £4,600,- 000, ‘he example of tho chicf of tho na- tion corrupted all his subordinates; and swhero there was tho passion for sponding money there was the passion for getting it. Justice was tainted at ita fountain-head. In- ferlor chiefs ground down the people by il- legal exactions and oppreasions, Tax-gather- ors seized upon the necessariesof life tosatisty tho demands of rapacions pashas. Theft and exaction were tho watchwords of all Turkiah officials, from the highest to the lowest, So nataralista observe, a fien ‘Has amailer ficas that on him prey; Anil theso have smaller etiil to bite’em; ‘And 0 proceed ad infinitum, But the peasantry of Enropean Turkey gained small comfort and vb strength from turning on thoir weaker brethren. The tax- gatherors ground them all alike into tho dust, In somo instances more than half their crops wero takon for the Church and the State; in others, not enough «yas left to feed their families through, the year. Diveontent gproad on all affes. The Government at Constantinople becaine tho synonym for tyranny and robbery, and the standard of revolt wan raised at last, not so much because roligious frocdom had boon denied as because the exactions of the Government mado war moro ondurable than slavish peaco, The in- fluence of European gold in Turkey has been tremondous; we hope the fact is appreciated in England, whence most of the money haa been derived. Tho British bondholders may lave the comfort of reflecting that thoir gold hart the ‘Turks moro than it benefited them, just ng the war indemnity of France probably, on the whole, did moro harm than good to the German peopl ‘ ELECTING A PRESIDENT. Senator Monton prints in the Worth American Review for July-August a‘ second paper on tho subject of that part of the American Constitution which relates to the election of o President. ‘I'he paper containa but little that is new. reported to the Benate, from a Committee of which he was Chairman, a resolution propos- ing an amendment to the Constitution, sub- stituting for the presont plan of electing President and Vico-Provident another plan, ‘This proposcd plan abolished the wholo machinery of Presidential Electors, It required that ench Stato should be divided into as many districts as there may be Itepresentatives in Congress from each State; that the voters shall vote direetly for President and Vice-President, and the person having the highest number of votes in a district shall have one vote for President, and the person having the higheat nonberof votesin each State shall bavo the two votes at large for President. The object of this amendment was to avoid all the dangers and powiblo complications which throaten the pence of the country, and of which we had an example last yoar, Tho fact that the Flectoral College has long since ceased to accomplish the original purposes for which it was institnted, and that it has become an obstacle in the way of a fair election, and a possible cover for fraud, has beon freely dis- oussed, and has been generally admitted. ‘Tho only dificulty in the way of abolishing the Electoral College is that of finding somo ,other plan better calculated to secure an honest election, and as near au approach to the poputar will ax can be bad under onr syatom of voting by States, instead of voting as a whole people. Mr. Monxron givos the figures showing the wide difference between the voice of the people as represented in the popular vote and in the vote of the Eleotoral College. Thus in— Percent Per cent popular Mtectorat vole. vote. 1872, Grant recelved. oy st i Granl received. mH 1sGt, Lincoln receive: a1 3858, Buchanan recel oO 1n52, Piorce received ab AK48, Taylor received. ra 1BH4, Polk recelvcd....ceee ve rece 62 ‘The particular point presented in the pres- ent paper of Mr. Monton is to protest agaiust the alternative plan provided by the Constitution for the election of President by tho House of Representatives. At each an election, each State has but one vote. New York and Nevada have ono vote each, though Now York bas 114 times the population of Noveds. He states ay a fact that, though the House of Representatives has 203 mem- bers, it is possible for forty-aix members to elect a President, Melaware, Nebrowka, In 1873 Mr, Montow |’ Oregon, Nevads, and Colorado have t member each, who togather would givo 5 votes; Rhode Island and Florida havo 1 mombors each, and the 4 members woulé give 2 votes; Minnosota, New Hampshiro, Wost Virginia, Vermont, and Kansas, five Btates, lave cach 8 members, 2 of whom from oach State would cast tho vote of that Btate, so that 10 members would give 5 yotoa; Arkansas, California, and Connecti- cut have 4 members each, 3 of each, or 9in all, would cast the vote of those States; Maine and South Carolina have 6 mombers each, 6 of whom would give the votes of the two Btates; Maryland, Mississippi, and Texas have 6 members each, and 4 votes from each State, or 12 in ail, would give the votos of these three States. Here, then, 46 membors, ropresonting 20 States, would give 20 votes for and olect tho President, notwithstanding tho 247 other members all voted the other ‘way. Mr, Morrow points out the dangers of cor- ruption where the choice of a President may be reduced to the voto of ond member from one or more Slates. Presidents havo beon chosen twice in that manner, In 1801, after several days’ balloting, a member, who was tho sole represontative of a Btate, stated toa friend of Mr. Jzrrenson: “If Mr. Jzrren- 80N will give assurance that ho will rotain tho Collector of the Port of Wilmington, in Dola- ware, and at Philadolphis, and will give two bills (which wero named) his approval, I will change my vote to-morrow, and know of two other mombers from two different Btates who will change their votes, Tho cffect of it will bo to change the votes of those States and give to Mr. Jerrznson threo additional votes, which will elect him.” Mr. Jerrenson gnvo tho promise, the yotes were changed, and Jerrynzon was elected. In this instance, threo men controlled the votes of threo States, and, by a personal agreement, clected the Prosident. In 1826, the support givon to Mr. Apaus by Mr. Oxax, and by which Apams was clected over Jacxnox, waa tho foundation fora charge of bargain and sale which followed Mr, Guar through life. Bir. Monron strongly and with grent truth de- nounces this provision of the present Consti- tution, because of its gross injustico, and its complete denial to the poople of all voice in tho olection of President, ———— ‘The City Department of Pablic Works has taken advantage of the recont decision of the Supremo Court, to which Taz Tamune directed its attention, and has mado a con- tract for tho paving of those portions of Wabash ‘avenue north of Twenty-second stroct which the property-owners refused to improve voluntarily. The Supreme Conrt decided in n special-assossmont caso in Hydo Park that the assessment was not vitinted because the improvement had been mado without awaiting tho long and tedious legal routine which is now necessary under tho low to mako o special assessment binding. So, by ndvancing the money, tho city cau now make such special improvements os aro imperative, ond in time collect tho money from tho property-owners, ‘This determination in regard to Wabash avenue north of Twonty-second street should induce the owners of proporty between Twenty-sacond and Twonty-ninth stroata to ropave; the pavement between Twenty- ninth and Thirty-fourth stroots was Inid three or four yoars ago, and is still in very good condition, If the gap between Twon- ty-sccond and T'wonty-ninth (which is now almost impassable) wera repavod this sum- mer, there would be at least ono thorough. fare londing south on which one could drive without endangering the life of man and beast. If there should be o faw obstinate men who would not voluntarily onter into the ropaving of thia portion of the street, qhe Public Works Dopartinont would proba- bly purme the samo course it has now de- cided upon with rogard to the unpaved por- tear net at relent Ail of tho Alabama-clalms money bas not yet becn distributed to those Wo have claimed damages. Six or seven millions of the original fifteen and a balf awarded by the Genova Com: solsaion still hes in the United States Treasury 1n the form of 5-20 bonds, ju which it was in- vested, The English press and public inen have complatued that the Arbitration tribunal gave the American Goveruiment too large au nd they constantly recur to‘ft, While wt was in Lonitun ono of tho London staff called on bit where he was stop- ping with Gen. Bavsau (the American Conaul), and in the course of tho conversation Gen. Grant expreased bimself in regurd to tho Ale bama money as follows: ‘The people of the two countries Ike each i!) the writers whv hove made id the intorviewer, 8X gald Gen. Guan, ‘'and I think good- feeling has beeu Incressed over since the wettlc~ ment of the Alabama clalins, 1 was very glad they wore settled, for if they had not been, undoubted- ly a war would have arisen out of them wome day, and the co: t anticipation of that would have led to @: jon and {1i-feehng., I was very fiad,"*he repeat od, **to get the question out uf the way. a; ‘ue fa it not a pf HA that more money was asked for than can be distributed?" - ‘That is # mistake," sald the ex-President with some eurneatness, ‘*us] willcxpluin tu you. At first Congress thought that the suin awarded would not nearly auftice to meet the mont obvious and preesing of all the claios for compensation—thase by insurance or by gross said tu the in- a cannot bave a portion of which had not been covere Buything elac, Therofore C surance compantes, *Y thie award, for you bi selves by wat premiums thelr property destroyed by the Alabaina and other cruleers, but who were partly insured, it sald, *You cannot have avy either, for you hare recived your insurance.’ ' So ‘that It rulod out the Jargvas part uf the cares, But so high wae the rate of insurance in those days that ecarcely any one insured bie property for auything lke ite fullvalue, The the depredations of soins compensation; and wheo thelr c! ‘ly regarded th rplos now remaining will nut ‘Congress oriiaully Hmited the claimants anal circle; and that is why it bappen- urplue atall, esides, you jat the ainvunt was awarded for be Valted States; and ny one cay the injury, if fairly appratwcd, woulc £ bu ed that must remember injury done tot! doubt that Fepresent even agreater aus thaa that given at ¢ Gene "0 distribute it fairly among the pereuns titled to It was Dot an easy matter; but wo d damage to the full amuunt awarded, to Jeast—how we shall divide it emang she in raone le another matter. You may depend Congress wil} do what ts right about it next a **]am eure there are many who will be glad to hear this explanation of the matter; for itis much sutsundernt aud bas caused sume hittle feeling.” se] Bod that i¢ bas; agculleinan apoke to me goon aftericame here about tt, and [talged the wabjectover with him. We are not pald too much fos the damage dune to our commerce, although to flud the very wen wha most deserve to receive the compensstion may be a work of some dificalty, te just tho trath about it. * ** What you say will be read, I am confident, with eat intervet, and it will tend to clear up a proves cut mud xtowing misconception." eay sured upoo ——————————— The population of what is called London for 1677 is estimated at 4,286,007, or nearly that of the State of New York, and fully as many as the two States of Illinols and Iowa. This is a million wore than was given by the ceusus of 1871; 3 large part of tha increase re- sults {ram annexing suburbs to the metropolk tandistrict. An cxchange says; ‘The section cwbraced in the Hegiatrar'a tdbles, under the name of Lundun, includes parts of three counties, und comprises an area of 122 suuare he City of London is itself only a small district Iu the Metropolis, just as the ** old city of Philsdelrbis ts buts small section of tha con- solidated .. Mere the old vividing tines between the city and wurruunding districts havo Leon obliterated, and ary only vaguely rewembered by thy present generation, but in the Metropolis of London they aro misintatued through the existence of local goveruments for the districts, with » laws god. custouis Inherited from oldea Umes. During 1874, 153192 children were bora in London, snd 91,171 persons of all ayegelicdy: the snuuel birth-rate being uvarly Uhirty-aBtoaud the sunual death-rate uot quite twenty-one and & Dalf ver thoussod, The dcuth-rete Le very low fo