Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, June 9, 1877, Page 9

THE. CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SATURDAY: JUNE 9, 1877—TWELVE PAGESR. e LITERATURE. . 4yWartington” (Willlam 8§, Robinson) and His “ Pene Portraits,” Furnets’ Shakepeare-—Brock's * Roo+ ollections "—~The COalifor~ nia @old-Fover, Art*Notes--The Chovalior d’Eon-- T'he Thoresus--A Socid- bio Whale, Flora Round About Chicago=«=The 8t. John's Wort and Mal» lows Familiess The Winter-Flora of Florida---Bummor. Bohoo! of Botany st Cam- tridge. LITERATURE. HIVARRINGTON.”? HVATIRINGTON'S PEN-PONTRAITS: A Cot- LECTION OF PERYONAL AND POLITICAL REMINIS. cEXCES Fox 1818 1o 1870, rrox ria Wit 1508 OF WILLIAM B. Ronixaox, Wit MEMor Axn EXTHACTS riox DIAGY AND LeTrehs N Brrons Punpisuen. '12mo., pp. 587, Do aited and Fabiished by Se W. B. Romw The little town of Concord, twenty miles out from Boston, Lias been singularly distingufshed as the homo o cmihent scholats and autliors. Emerson, Alcott, Hawthorno, Thorcau,—tho world {8 famillar with the renowsi which theso men of genlus hava glven Lo tho quiet village, but It 1a not so_widely known :that Willlam 8, Rubinson, the ** Warrington of the Springficld Tepublican, was born and for mauy ycars dwelt within Its precincts, n cortaln respects ho fc- mindsoncof Thorean, hisschoolmate and fricnd aad {t would almost ecem that thore is some pecullar constitucnt In the atmosphere of the place where thoy were cradled and bred, and where oihors atill greater In mind, and s aturdy in character, have long had thelr abode, which conduces to purity of purposc, simplicity of hoart; aud utsworving intogrity of principle. 1n (he memolr of Mr, Robinson, tmbued with the tender and roverent affection of ons who knew and Toved him best, there {s shown the *fgure aud tho tralis of a rarely noblo man; of ono who, in nil the relations of 1ife, was true to hisconvictions of duty, and who [frecly spoke . hla thought far tho ncople’s good, withaut re- gord to its influcnce upon his own welfore. A man of uncompromising honesty, of fearloss candor, of resolute will, and given to stern censure of men and menaures that to him woro worthy of condemnation, Lo was for above twenty yoars ons of tho strongest nolitical leaders i his native Biate; & man who, na n wriler, mado many encuics and won many triends, but who, {u’his private character, com= manded tho respect add’ tho admiration of all . who knew him, It counot bo sald that Mr. Robinson experi- enced a lifo of viclasitudo. Thore was hitlo chango in the steady battie ho fought with his ven for, pm‘la‘ 111 politis, and i the perpetual struggle ho cheerfully earrled on for s datly bread. Ils wos o poor man from the beglnulng * to the end, not having what tho world applau 2o business-facully, But hie possessed what a Crasus might cuvy ;almple hauts, limited noods, and a contented apirit. ¥ lle would never buy or own o dress-coat, uven to attend the Govern- or's lovees, saving: ¢ It s bensath an American citizen L0 take thought of dresscoats’ . * 1 nto aparingly, and hiad nocholec as to dishes, He scldom _drunke wino or spliita of any kind; never used tobacco In any form: and, a8 o b Bltunnlly 8ald, liad nono of the small vices. Ie ,bottuved In tuvk, and eatled himaolt a luchy man. He was also fond of repeatiog what a liappy mun 18 had been; differing In this from most people, who are lln]!)le' without knowing 1t, ond *who neyer arc, but slways to be, e yot thia 1 M Quring th ud yot this “happy man,** during tho first four ycars of hia m:m(r’md 1o, wos cull‘nncllufl by anarrow Income fo reatrict his expenses to tho sum of $100 o year, Ilis family Inctuded at thls e four orilve persons, and tho amount named covered every cxponse Incuered by the liousehold. **Not inuch monoy,” writes his wife, *wan apent for clothing; the editor’s sup- jwl( belng hardly oqual to the demsud, and the wilo's ntlowance being twwo eallco aresses a yeur, Bhe did_her own work and took caro oi her . bables, Books, tho principal need, wers plenty; “for they wero scnt to tho editor for review, Thers was no church-going, for there was 1itor- ally ‘nothing to weary’ and, though *the baby's ‘millc was (novet) watercd that your Hellcon ‘lnl‘{ flow,’ nar the chamber<lvora” taken down and burned to keep the editor warm whila ho wroto, lie 1lved, a8 ‘Thoreau sald, *closu Lo tho ,bone," and uulfindere«,l by the impedimanta ol zl(e, 'Y’mm\\l his wuy up to the hightsof journal- s, B Mr, Robinaon was, during these years, resid- ing In Lowell, Mass., aud conducting the Amer fean,—~au organ vf t‘uu Freo-Soll party,~which was founded by him fu 3ay, 1840, . In 1854 s rentoved to Concord, whero, during o sojourn of about two years, hu'woa employe ot a comfortable -uhr{ in the profossivn ho Toved, ** Hore tho family yna reclothed: a pow Humur suit was bought fur himealf (tho (irst since_lls marriage), and Leghorn hata for the two little girls, fo their woll-romombered de- liclit, sfuco thoy neyer before bad worn any- t.hhuilml sun-bonnots or *shakers.! " In 1 Mr, Robinson had o sourves of incomo save the famous “ Warrington " letters puplisticd fn L tho Bpringfiold Hegublican, and lottors and artd- cles contributed to tho New York Z'ribune, ‘Theae broughie him so Jttly that his wifo Ualped 0 Bupport the fumily by making army-mittens at 75 centa & dozen,—thie grandimother and chil- dren asalating In tho process. To explaln this condition of Yuven.y Mrn, Jtobinson states that tho rrlr:o paid for the “\Vlnlnfilau" lotiors, which were oltop two coluinns in leugth, was in 1556 82 aploce, in 1501 $4, in 1305 87, in 1867 $10, andin 1870813, —thohighest price they ever reach- b The lotters to the T¥ibune werd 83 In 1801, wil in 1807 §10 cuch, i Mr. Roblnson woa connected by descent with the familtes of Emcrson, l*,.m ps, Coguwell, “und othersof the clerieal or ! Drahinlu * class In Now Entland;” but he was the sou ol puor parcuts, and Iy bis youth hod no sdyantages of cducation beyond these which the cotmon schiool of Coucord could afford, At tho age of 1T (I 1838) ho entered & printing-oMces, und, soun after he had Iearned tho art of type-act lln?v, bezan to ueg his pen fu the couiposition of edifuriafe. In 1840 he assuined_charge of tho Yeonun's (Im:l(z,; Whig paper published fn Concord, aud devoted to thy dissomination of - anti-Masonte, antl-Van-Buren, auti-Locofoeo ¢ “principles, Liko all the later Juurnalistic entor- prises of Mr. Robinson, it proved not to boa pecunlary guvocs: andIn 1841 ho reygoed his connection with the oflice. The histury of Mr, Roblnson's newspaper-ex- perfence ts a'record of frequent changes fromn uue journal to snother. 1o was by uaturs o tadical reformer, and uo motlves of policy re- stralued bim from the advocacy or the opposi- tn of s principlo or & wmonsure, however it might be regarded by bfs party, This riela .splrit of tndependence was perpetually in thy way of profitable’ and constant employmneot, 204 e was often without an opporunity v ex. press his very positive oplnlons through the fruu‘lbeyund that affordod by hls letters, 1n 818, Lis marriage, which bad been some timo delayed ou account of bis uncertain means, was consummated. ‘It was in Lowall that the Wllnifwjnumdln et his chosen mate,~one Who, liks hinaclf, kuew what it was to work snd'write. Miss M. J. Haoson had been one of those Lowell factory-girls whom Dickeus saw a0d pralsed when be visited the cily jn 1843 Bbe had known Harrlet Furloy, and had contrib- uted to ber maguzive, the Lowell Ufering.” For eloven years Mr. Robinsou cccupled tho laco of Clerk of the Masgachusetts House of preseutativea: but his vl{nmu‘ opposition to -tha electlon of Qen. Butler 1o the Governorship ;mt him tho Eunmuu. in 1878, After thls, his calth aud spirits doclined. 1o had overworked h hls pen, aud was uuable to rally, lils rlends genorously came tu hls ssslstauce, an [a 1834 he speut elubt mouths in Europcan :mc\. But tho rest sud change falled 10 re- km hls energies, ana the slow procesa of decay Keot o, eudlog In death on tha 11th of March, hThan book which 3r, Robinson produced 1o his budy litcrary career was Wasrlngtoo's qull Parllameptary Law,” lasucd fu 1833, “‘l:m the mass of bis wulrlhuu-im o $8o press “‘n has now been complicd, byihis blographer 'l‘:d editor, a votlectton of short papers included e er tho titly of * Len-Portrults.” Amouf Micso are scluctions from the * Warrlogton® il lotters, and atlier bricl tfographtes, and articles on the woman question. “They ars good ex- amples of the spiritéd, humorans, fearl ing which made * Waerington™ & politic rmm in his day. Tho volunia {a published by n whdow, and 1 to b abtained only from her, Address Les & Blicpard, Boston. FURNEYS' AITAKSPREART. AKREW VARIORUM EDITION OF BHARSPEATE. Falted by Honace Howiny Fonxess, llanora, Member of the *‘Deutache Shakapeare.fieaell. o ey Y ostntblt & Co. - Cateago: Fanseh, McCiurg & Co,” Bvo. Prlce, 85 ‘the great undertaking of Mr. Furnzss, In tho prodaction of anew Variorum editlon of Shakspeare, I8 grandly continued n the volumes devoted to tho play of “ Iamlet.” The amount of Iabor that has been expended on Lhls slngle draa gives & new sehss of the capocity of the human Intellect to conceivo and carry out sty pendous entorprises. To tnost men It would scetn the sullclont octupation of a lifetime to alft from the Bhaksperean litersturo of nearly tlires centurles the tnaterials which ara consoll- dated In these fwo octavos, and yet thera Is an Iutarval of only four years botweon the lssue ot this play and that of *Macoolh,” the second number in tho edition. There lan bocn, necessarily, a long perlod of prelim- Inaty stidy and tescarch leading up to the fn- ception of the project, but the immenso tesk | Ahat i swiftly accomplished In the preparation of each drama sliows what thorough snd sys- tomatic discipline will effccd In Otting the mene tal Yowcn for relentless and prolific fndustry, The tragedy of *‘llamlet” las nrovoki more criticisny and discussion than all the rest ol Shakapearc’s dramas put together, **Nd ono of mortal mold,”” remarks Mr. Furncss fgave Jiim * whoso blesscd fect wera hatled for our ndvantage to the bitter cross 'Yever trod this earth, commanding such absorblug intercst, ns this Zlamlet,—this mere creation of & poct's braln. No syllable of that he whispers, no word lot fall’ from any ong near htm, but is [ caught and pondercd a8 no words cver havo been, except of {Iofy Writ. Upon no throne tullt by nortal hihds Les over ‘beal so flerco o lsht' ds upon that nlr{ fubrle roared at Elafnore.”) Mr, Furnicss has himself found the theme 50 fascinnting that{t washisfirstintention to preface the edition with an essay upun tho re- markable body of literature ellcited by the play, mrum)m?{ fn Germany; buot, as the schiems mfn:m , It 50 cxcccrlcd all reasonable bounds Yhu it was finally relluguished, and ita placo given up to a simple futroductiun, which ts char- acterlzed by tho lenrnhui and the modesty that are conspletious traits of tho editor, Mukm‘gull\zht departure from tho rigid Im-~ crsonality to wnich Mr. Furncss has hitherto old himaclf in the cotlatlon of critical notes and theories, he has declared unequivacally his bollef that /famict {8 nelthier mad, nor pretends tobeso. 'To the advocates of tlio theory of tho folzned insaulty of Hamlet, he puts the prablag nquiry, * how they account for ZamleCs belng able, {n'tho flash of time between the vanishin of the (host and the eoming of Zforalio an Aareellus, to form, horror-struck 88 lic was o plan for tho wliola tanduct of his futura Ifef"” The plan governing tho arrangement of the Ercw!mz yolmnes ot this-editlon haa been ad- cred toin this, with some modiflcations Ime poscd by the tognitude of tha literature (o by condensed within & elrcumscribed space, Tho first volume contalns the toxt of the drama with & collation of tho texts of the Quartea and Follos, and of about thirty modern editions together with notes and cominents and verbal and grammatlcal criticlama from a muititude of tho Uieat Shakapcarean scholars, Kathetle critl- ¢lems hava been ip tho maln refurred o the soc- ond volume, not beeause of thelr sccondary Importance, ‘bus for thio aake of convoufent position. ¥ In the eccond volume ls presented, In the or- dorof thelr enumeration, a “l{elprln& of the Quarto of 10047"; “'The lllal.ary ol Hlamblet,” peing the story ou which the tragedy was per- haps fotmded; a translation of a curious old QGerman tragedy entltled © Fratrlelde” Pune ished; or, Princo Sinlet of Dentmark"; ex. tracts from the Luglish crities, covering upward of 140 pagzes, and giving much roont to tho dis- cussion of the great fuestion of famlet's in. sanity, with commonts on tho Namea and Qlaracters, the Duration of the Action, Gar- tlek'a Veralan, Actore’ Interpretationa, and Cos- tumoj nbove 100 pages of sclections from tho vaat wnass . of Gierman eritielsms and, flnally, cxamples of French ctiticism, 'The whole ia ncluded with an Index, table of contonts, and bluliograply of Hamlet. Bo complete and comprehepsive un edition of one of thy chfef—to wauy, the chicl—dramas of Shakspearc, Is of tncstiinable yalue to the literary world. It and its author will not,fail of the approbation thcy so highly deserve. BRECK'S ' RECOLLECTIONS.” NECOLYECTIONS OF SAMUEL BRECK: Wrm Tannaaes Piox 1118 Not.Boors (1T71~1808), Editd by I, E. Bovoosn, Philadelbbla Por- . ter & Coale Chicsgo: Uadiey Bros, & Co. mo,, pp. $10, Mr, Samuel Breck s quite unknown to fame, and tho goneral reader will boapt to puas the voluwo by which almply auzounces the ** Recol- lectlons " of ‘ono who has achieved no ospocial distingtlon, But, |u so dolug, aimistake will be male by thasa who havo a tasts for Uvaly, gos- sipy passagos trom the page of our carly hls- tory, with porsonal reminiscences of promsinont mon and events from ouc who occuplod an un- cotnmonly favorable opportunity for extended obserystion. Mr. Breck was born in 1771, and ded in 1803 at the advanced ngo of QL yvars, Ilis father was awealthy merchant in Boston, andgave him the privileges which good birth, aud fortung, and polite socloty have $o buatow. At the agoof 11 ho was scnt to Franco to pursuo nls education a the College of Boreze, fn Lower Languedue, —one of the twelve royal and wilitary pchools In tho Kingdom, all of which wore fu tho charge of hio order of Benedictine friars, Tho oxpenses of forelgn puplls at this school were $100 o yoar, Including clothing, lodging, board, physician, cte. Prices wero eXxcees lnz‘y low st tliis cra. The cost of » smali-budied Ted wine two centan bottlo; of hot-rousted chestnuts, a cunt & liundred; of English walnuts, the same; and the boy wiio, Ike y]zung Breck, bad the nngaifl- cont aflownuce of B centa o week, could enjuy ths prodigality of a Prince, ‘I'ic boy romialned at Sorezo fout . and then retimed to Ameriea skilled fn the lun- gudlge In which ko had studied, sud in the ac- womplishinents fashionable in is. day with gen- tletien of fortune, _In 1700 o mado a second tour to London and Parls. While In the latter city, lio ons day attended scrvive {n tho private chapel of the Tulleries, In order to abtatn aview of tio Royal famlly. “The King, Queen, tho Daunhin,” bis slster, aftorws tho Duchess d'Angouleme, aud Monsfour, destiucd to Le Louls XV111,, occupted the gallery lu front of the altar, while the Court flllcd tho alde gallorles, BIr. lireck, an old woman, and the oiliclating pricsta were ¢ only £~ sons fu the bLody of the house. "¢ Muxs fasted perhiaps twenly minutes,)’ quoting the words of Mr, Breck, *at the concluaion of which the bumbled Marle Antotuette took the. Jittle Dapbiu n her acms, and showed him to mo and the old wontan, who ruprescated on this oevasion the sovereign people. ‘Fhat proud and beautitul tady had been so 'hmi\a“{ vislted by 'zrlcl Lhat, sl 30 years of .'}'i"’ her halr was gray. The nnuphln.nwcllnl l’wm yarents atid relatives, was deesscd {n plain clothes, with s white hankercldel afa Urcole on his hicad, Tho Kinz had a velvet sult, and luoked very like the smpression on his coin, His body was lo con- atant motion, rolling from sids to'side, whilo he read bis proyers. He was Justy snd in good health, rother, Monsleur, reseinbled bl very inuch; and bis daughter, the Duchessod® Anizouleme, now 50 ugly, was then a lovely- glrl of 14" In 13l the famlly of Mr, Breck romoved to Philadolphin, to a¥old, as he tells us, the sxors bitaut tax-rates fmy upon tho citizeos of Boston, ‘The fonncy city was then tho aeat of the Federsl Government, aud the centro of the most refined sovisty in the country, An {uter- esting picture of tho stately style malntalned by the " first familics ¥ {8 drawn by Mr. Breck In his *Recoltections.” Theseareabruptlyclosed in the year 1704, and the remuluder of the vol. ume 18 filled with extracts from the author's dinrfes, My, Beudder bas msterially cobaaced the value of tho book by the able mannerin which ho hss cdited It, adding coplous foot. notes and an introGuetion, and glylog the wa- terlal of which ft Is made proper shape and co- herenes, . — S TITE CALIFORNIA GOLD-FEVER. BEBKING THE GOLDEN FLEECH: A Hzconp or Pionssn:Livs 1n Cavironxias Tp Wuicu Is Axxgxsu Foorrmints or KanLy Naviaatous, Oruxn Tuan Hnmv s CALLYORNIAG WITIC 0 D, Au Accousy oF THN VorAem oF Tils BCHOONKAR Dovrutx, b‘g J. STiLLMaN. (With »Fllk'.} BSan Francisco: A. Rowan & Co. Chi- £agot Janses, NeUlurg & Co. 810, pp. 352 'rice, $3. A really valuable cootribution is made In this volume to the bistory of the gold-fevor whith raged with extraosdinary violence fn every city and village of the United States in the eardy days of the dlscovery of tho preclous mctal in Californta. 'The bulk of the work conslatsofa yivid acvount of the voyage of the suthor to the uew El Durado fo the varly woutha of the yeae 1849, uf bis resldotcs at Sacramento, and of his joursey home Io the sutwmn and wintes of 185051, Although barely morc than a quarter of a ccatary has passed since tha data of thesa cvents, the revolution in mades of fravel and of communication haa been 80 great, and the rough conditions of vioneér~ Tife I the Golden Btate have Leen 8o long sus rscded by the refinements of elvllization; that lio story of the hardahips and sufletings en- countered by the adventurers who flocked Lo the Paeific Coast un the frst rumor of the Arcasures hid n the opulent earth, reasd much like 4 Mtinchatisen's Lale, “There are few sccounts of privation endared by teavelcrs oyer protracted routes, and in new anid fincultivated fanda, that are more “moying then this, The tedious rurnzn arourtd Cape Horn In overcrowded, often lll-commanded ves- sels, consyming months In it performance, the dlsappoiniment of the weary travelers on find- ing at their Jonrney's end manifold difficulites of sn unforescen and tryine nature to task thelr remafning meerl of endurance, the Ilinces, deapair, and death that ensucC with appalling frequency, and the sorrow, of friends at home over the broken liopes dnd health or unumel{ end of the dear oues who had gone forth witl go much eager, confident fuith, make up a rec- ord that is full of tracie pathos, Dr. Stillman describes In & monly apieft his own share in the adversities thut pressed palntully upon the earl| ploticers. His record t8 pflnulqllly Tounde upon notes and letters transeribed at the ime, bitt beneath thelr cheorful exterfor the cireum- stances of a stern expericnce aro dlscerned. Asastipplement (o the main narrative, the author adds asketch of the vovages of early navigators to tho shores of Upper Callfornfsy aud a touching acconnt of the sufferiugs of & rnrzy of "Argonauts” who were compelled to eave thelr vease) on the peninsuls of Lower Callfornia, and find thelr way to Ban Diego on foot. The yolume Is neatly ‘publisiied, and {8 embellished with & number of engravivgs, ICONVENT-BURNING. THR DURNING OF A CONVENT: A Nannmas TIVE of ¥ug LEATnUCTioN, RY A Mo, or Tit Urautixg Eciool ox Mr, BENsvicT, CiAnLes. TOWN, A8 REMBYBERZH BY ONE OF THE LuriLy Toston: James I, Osgood & Co. Chicago: Hads Toy Bror. & Co, 18mo., pp. 148. The Ursultne Convent, which 'stood on Mt, Benedict, In Uharlostown, and was tho finest pullding of its. order fn New Eugland, was burnod by a mob of slxty of clghty truckmen from Boston on anight In Soptember of 1834, The eatablishment was intended for a boarding. school, and was malntalned chiofly by the patronago of rich Protestants. A fecling of popular Indiznntion wns arouscd against tho ine stitution by tho publication of sundry books professing to unvoll decds of wrong and op- pression perpetrated in the dunguons under~ peath the cottvent; and this feoling was brought o tho Inflammablc point by the arrogant bear- ing of the Lady BSuperior. On ibo night when tho building “was sdcked —and purned, it was tilled with hiclpless women and children,who eacaped from the mob, after hours of excitement and perll, by tho stealtly help of fow couragcoun fricnds, ‘ Mre. Loulea Whitncy, then o 2irl of 11 yoars, was ono of the party who swont through the fiorrors of the nlght, bearing herself with tho bravery of & herolc soul. Bho relates tho hise tory of the event with graplic power, ln tha Jittle book under notice, giving it, by the forca ol her pleturesque words, nnfnterest which In Itself it would foll to awaken, The Bisters of the Ursuljua Convent are indobted to her for rescuing from oblivion this instance of Catholle persecution by bigoted Protestants, although, a8 tor fareible story runs, it Jeayes the reader n doubt_whether most to plly the Relizeuscs burned out of their house by a mob of despera- docs, or to rejolco over the freadom the Incldent secured to the band of fmprlsoncd ehlldren, con- i‘i."'";“" to tbo sternest reglwo of aconvent- chools —— NOVEL DY *“*OUIDAY Antansa: Tux Stony or A Dngasx, nI nA,* Anthor of *‘Birsthmore,” ete, P hia: " J. 13, Lippincott & Ca, * Ghicazo: ladie rothors & Co. 12mo., pp. 088, Pilce, $1.76, “Quida takes peculiar delight In portraying the type of woman whose dominant trait fs canino fdelity, snd throwlng her into the toils of anan without principlo and without mercy, depleting the polgnant and interminablo agonics which resnlt from the betrayal of innocent trust and tonocfous affection. In *Ariaduo” sho ivea a freah versiof of the oft-treated theme, In tho main clrcumstances f¢ resombles the cruel story of *Bebee,' and s only less painful in that, ot the Jast nioment, when tho death of the sorrowlng victim forbids any atoncment of lier wrong, there s repentanco on the part of Lier murdorer. . « There lsa Food deal of critfetsm of art aud of discunsion of tho tnles of Grook mythalogy fn- +10vt- 'hiladel- termiuglod with the fictlon, alevating its tone rnd enhancing ita value, Tho stylo of tho writing {s that which has, from thoe carliest pro- ductions of *Ouldn,’ posscssed marked lidl- viduality. It is polished, ficxible, aud poetieal, even to a cloylng degree. TUE PASTERN QUESTION. A BRIEF IIISTORY OF TURKEY. Tranalated from the (Jerman of Dr, Joitaxsxs Drookwrrs, by Mrs, M, WesanLitozer, With M-m. lloson James It. Osga0d & Co, Chicago: Hadloy Dros, & Co, 18in0,, pp. 170, -I'ricc, 60 conts, This companion volume ta the “Iliatory of TRussta,” which was notlced last week, is, 1k tho latter, s compend woll worth ita cost. Itis niiglly compressod, yot it contalns the outlines of thehistoryo? thoTurks from thelr lirstappear- ance o the plalns of Western Asla down to the present thine. The hook Is furnishied with maps of Turkey in Europe and Tuorkey in Asin, o chrouology of tho Sultans of the Ottoman Kin- rlr aud a yocabulary of tho torms_pecullar to lio Institutfons of the Court und Btate. In a word, it tnag be anil to present nll that the ma- lotity of readers have tinte to learn of tho Mo~ ammedan Power now &t war with the Emplro of tho Czars. —— VEST-POCKET.SERTES. ELRQY WRITTEN IN A COUNTRY CNURCI- YARD: Axp Otusst Posus. By Tuoxas Guar. ]“Ill!‘nlu). . MY GARDEN-AGQUAINTANCE; axn A GOOD {YOIIDL Ol WINTER. Dy Jawzs Ruessii o LAYS OF THE BCOTTISN_CAVALIERS. Tiy Wirttiau Eosoxarouns, D. O, L. 1Muos- tratod, DDV‘BU FRIENDSI{IP, AND DOMESTIO LIFE. By fALrit WaLo Rexnaon, Jostons James Ii. Qood & Ca. Ohicagol lisdloy Lros, & Co. Price, G0 cents per yolume, This is a duinty forn in which to posscss chofco fragmenta of our Mterature, Tho titles which are cited toll the {ull story of tha-worth of tho boaklets that bear them. Gray's Elogy, two cssays by Lowell, three by Emcraon, aid cight of tho atlrring luys of Edmonstouns, in separate covers, are ruro morceaus for the fos- tidious lover of good things. nooxs llECl!iVI!D. WINTER SUNSHINE. Iy ‘Auttior af ¢+ \Wako-ltobin " cta.” New York: llurd & lloughlon, Hiadloy Bros. & Lo, 10niv., pp. ¥33, Chicago: PERSONAL IMMORTALITY: AND OTixg Pa- rain, By Jowik Orresuxiv, New York: Charles 1, Bomurby. Chicayo: Janson, MeChng & o, 1., pp. 8, Price, §1 THE ANONYMOUS fIYPOTIIESIS OF CHREA- TION. A Buixg Review or Tuk So-Uanlsy Mosato Acen! By danrs J. Funsmss, Now Yorkt Char! Somerby, 13mo., pp, &b Chicago: Jauson, Mcllurg LESSONS ON OBJECTS; as Givex Ta CHLDREN BETWEREN THE or Bix asp Fwlr, IN A Prseirozzian 8ciooL AT Cumay, Svnney. From ondon_zdition, ~Sau Fran- tha Twenty-scconc civbor Ax oman & (%0, Chicago! Jansen, Alc. Clurg &Co, Limo.. yp. 200, Price, 81,35, CANALLES: Tux_Fonrtuxee or A Panuriaan oy 1, By doy Coowe, Detrolt: E.' B, : Junsen, McClurg & Co. . Price, §1.60, AMILY-PEUD, After the German of Lubwia Ilanneu. Dy Mrs, A, L. Winten, Traslator of 1+ he Second Wit ofc. "bulladetplia: J. 1. Lipolucott & Co. Cileago: Nisdley Bros. & Co. ldmo., b, 24, JOANNA'S INUERITANCE. A Svony or Youxa Liv; By Exma Mansuary, Authorof*s Mrs. Mal ring's Joornal,** cte. New York: E, I, Dutton & Co, , Chleago: Jansen, McClurg & Co. Jmo.s b 48, Price, 150, ittt COMMNG MAN IS THE PRESENT CHILD; Ow, Cutt.nnoon 7ue TExT-loox or TUE Aus. Dy the Rev. W. F. Cuarrs. Bostoni Lue & Bhepard. 1m0, rq. R4, HOOREWS NEW PHYSI0L0GY: Desionsn asa ‘Trxt-HBook voB INsTITUTIONS OF LEsuNiXG, By WonTixuroy llmm_uh . D. ised by J. A, BRWEIL, M. . - With Quostions, liusirated by Nearly Two lpsdred Bugravinzs, New York: Phelton’s Co. KChtcago: SHadicy’ Teas. & Ca, 1¢mo,, pm 870, Price, 81.60. HOUREKEEPING 1N OLD VIRGINIA: Convamu 1X0 QeNTUInUTIoXs vioM Two LIUKDNXD XD Fu LTauigs 1 Vikuixta axp Hen Sutsa- Srarsy, Hdited by Mantan Capzit Truxa. Now York: d. W Carlelon & Co. 1200, pp. 624 rico, $1.75. THE CHRIBTIAN WAY: Wurrass It Leavs, avn tow 1o Ga On. By Wal GTOK GLADDON, uthos of *+Being & Chrlstisn,” otc.) etc. New Vork: Dodd, Mead & Co. Chicago: Hadisy Bros. & Co. 18mo., pp. 142, LEISURE-HOUR SERIES, KUGENIE. By Exaruics Ma¥ Berr, Anthor of ** Miss M ¥ Now York: tienry Uolb & Co. Chicago: \kclurfi.l ‘0, 10mo,, pp. 234. FPrico, §1.25 ALL WHONG: A Leap riox a Dnawa.’ Phila- delphia: J. B. Lippincots & Co. = Chicago: Had- loy Bros. & G, Limey vy, 130, oW THEY STHIKE ME,TUESE AUTUORS. Dy J. C. Herwoup, A, M., L.L. B., Aattor of Tudig, Puliadaiphis: J. B. Lipplo- i Jansun, McClure & Ce <, BURGICAL WOTKS FOR SALE BY TADLEY ltl':i‘?s. & CU. Chicago: liadley Dros, & Co. er. FAMILIAR TALK. ART-NOTES. Discovorfes hiave been recontly made, in ex- cavations on the stuth aide of the Acropolis at Attiens, of additfonal fragments belonging to the Figin marbles of the British Mascum. Metssonicr has Aulahed & now portrait of the Elder Dumnas,~a full-Jengih fgure, of less than 1ife-aize, in modern dress. This portraiz 1s do- seribed sa belng carefully drawn and Ormly painted, withthe fate full of life. Mra. B, B. Culyer, a pupll of Willtam fTact, I8 decorating pottery sud sketching the scencry atout New York. Bhe has s large class of stu- dents, whom sho Instructs in her studio three times & week, and Abe will soun take s class to the Catskills for summer-sketching. Viotlct-fo-Duc writea from Milan that Leonsrdo da Vinc's celebrated * Last Supper ! s in the a8t stage of deeay. ‘The wall on which ihis wonderful frodéo was painted 18 alsrays datnp, and the pleture fiakes off [n amall pleces. It 18 also much injored by reatorntions, some of the Apostles having boeh entlrely repainted. The Now Yotk artiats are most of them Idav- Ing the city fof the season, though they secm to chuose thelr summer-haunts within easy reach of thelr studios. Willlam FHact I8 painting sev- cral Jandscape and cattle-pieces, two of them of cabinet-size, Winslow Homer has been study- ing for n month in Virginia, and haa returnedio hils studio with several new plctures, Dore's immenss Scriptural pictures, so long exhibited In Bond street, Londou, have received on sddition in *'The Brazen Svrpent: Moses in the \ildernoss,'—a cauvsa thirty feet by oightcen, This pleture I enld Lo Lo, at the Atst ance, less impressive than its (pr:dweuau, tto show, upon examivation, in s largo, namerous, and strongly-lelincated scrpents, that ;chr of represcnting thoe horribie In which Dore s too fond of Indulging. Plloty, of Munich, Divector of the Royal Ba- ‘yarian Academy of Fine .\rtl|hu paid an Amer- fean ariist, Willlam M. Chaose, the yaluable jam compliment of cominlasions to paint thu por- tralts of l’unt{;l entire family,—two boys and four girls, ILls » gratifying fact that, In Ger- many, American Art-students ors the favorite pupils of the German Professora, because those studonts posecas in a bigh degree industry, originality, and talent, In Oxford strect, London, Messrs. Philllps have oponed In their gatlerios s loan-collection of Wedgewood ware, This contalns famous and waluatls vases, 8 large aud cholcs collection of inqucs and snufl-boxes, smelling-bottles, ote There are also dmmel by Flazman, and docu- ments relatibg to Josluh Wedgewood, who was o man of zmnborlglunmy, fugenuity, awbition, and business-abllity, If the comparisun may be allowed, ho did for English pottery what Sliok- spearo Jm for the English drama. Qerome, the great French ortlst, wishes to add the fame of the sculptor to that of the rnlntcn and wisoly chooses to model those his- orical and classical figures which his brush has Yunruscll sa vividly. “In Baptamber tlill appear n broniza, of more than Ilfe-size, a group of two gladiators,—ono lylng vanquished, whlle his conqueror I8 sbout to denl the death-Llow. Gerome is also exceuting other representations of combatants of the areng, Lesides worklug on a n.ronzlrcunlmllng subject: Anacreun asan old man in lowlng robes,a lving joy in his countenance, his Iyre hanging unuascd from his left arm, whilo ho undm{ embraces two little Loves who have flown to hia breast, It is posaible that tho: noble but tedions art of engraving may find In_photogravure that sub- atituta which it has not found In photography. ‘This new process fs described as follows: “hrough o nas negative taken ™ ortioary “Thotogeaphic. mettiods gty o onlin otographic metho it is sllowed fifl.n? nofl on paper, bul‘ubu‘g a metal-plate prepared with a sensitive saline or erystalline lnlullon‘ and tho surface ts t) etched by the sun’s rays as if by the burin. From this plate, by transfer, other and more pemnnnnz,melfl plates are taken, which are used for printing. The pletures produced by this process art Adld to comblne the good qualities of both homfilnphn and on nw‘iz; 3 with tho splrit and bandllng of the origfual plet- ure. ~ Austria fs determined nos to be left far bos bind In the continually-increasing procession of uations which arc advancing in the puravit of Arte Her late Espositfon was beld with the_Intentlon of lnproving and Interest- hqgmr poople in Art-matters, mure especially tn Docorative and Industrial Art. A handsome " now buildiog for the use of the Vienoa Art- Acaidemy has been recently opened with fine ceremonies, which were prestded over by the Emperor, Frauz Joscph, This bullding” hias a @reat hall fn the centre, dovoted to sculpture; rooms for exhibiting valutings, opeuing from this hall; as well as finely-nrranzed ofllves and school-bufldings, Tbe great {nterest of this opening exhibltlon lay in'its truly natfonal char~ acter, much care having been taken to collect and systematically arrange the works of Aus- trinn art!sts inarchitecture, sculpture, palnting, and engraving, from the Mimo of the earlies Arn!lnwlnpmnm in the corntry untll the pres- ont tme. TITE TIIORTAUS. In tho “Warrington™ Pen-Portraits, edlted by Mrs, W, 8. Robiusop, stong notlces of Con- cord celebritics, inontion 1s madoof thefamily of ‘Thoreau, cach mcmber of which wasa person ol such individuality as to bo o moat Intorest- ing character: The Concord Thoreans (s now extinct; Miss Sophla and tho Jast survivor of the diod In 1878, Tho motber's family, from whom Thorean sccms to Lave iuherted hld ' gontus, wero very eccontlc. orean's mother was ono of the most graphic talkers Imll‘l:glblu. and held hahl listencrs dumbs, nareator] are tor of Ionty, In descrtb wcence of her o carly life, she onco told of the ashipwreck of a schooner upon which sha was 8 passene geron a voyago to Maine, The dark night, tho IBDILJ of tho waves, tho crica of the people, aud all the trau‘lceunu. were relatod with s vividocss which photograpliod 1t at onco, s startllug plcture, apon the mind of the hearer. Thorcau's fathor, on the contrary, was the most sllont of men, pare ticularly in tho prosence of his wife and giftod son. Thiere were frequent opportun!ties of seuinz Hont Thorean, as ho cawe often with his fallicr to worl an their Jand belanging to the houss in which Alr. Ttobinson lived, or, 8s the chiliren mald, opaint tho bandics of the troc. " 1l med- {tativo Agure was often seen walking acroas tho sunny meadows, with eoma live spacimen of & “+gpecies” dangling from his hand, while ( ir Gwn exproasion) **Tho sun on hfs back sve A gentle herilsnan d‘nvlnn him lwngu at uv:lxlp o ‘came who waa learned lu Indian matters, tue conversation soon turning to that subject, hinteett, “horesu talked his fellow-visstor dumb I o l‘nl' y n N pblished” {n 1854, drow Diauy visltors to the but by tho shore of the pond whero (e philosoutior Hiad Ilvcd on thres conte & day, planted his beans, and wrltten Lls lmmortal pagew. Tho fact of his living 0 chuaply was mors discuised tu Concord than, b aqusllly of his weitiaze, and 16 was suspocted by his incredulous townspeople. that: s cupbosrd was oftun roplons 1shod }mm s mother's Jarder. Mr, Itobfusunn was i schoolmate of Henry D. Thoreau, ant of his elder brother, John Thoreau. Tho latter was a genfal lad, and pop- ular with his schoolmates, which ffeury never wod, Me died young, snd from a trivial secl- dent, A friond writiug to Htoblnson says: e was stropping his mzoron Baturday aftor. nopn, and cut offa little pleco uf the end of bis fnger next to tha llttle ono, on hia left hand. s very slight, —just deep enough to draw blood, Ho replaced the 8! and [mmecdlatoly putoos a rag, withont letting 1t biced. ~ Ha pald 6o more 8t~ tention o it for iwo_ or threa days, when it began ta grow painfuli asd on the next Hatardsy he found that the skin had adbercd to the dugor slightly on ono elde, but the other side of (he wound bad mortited, In lhnun!ni lo went to Dr, Barglett, who dresscd {be dugor On t\m' “:: = homs he I:nl sconatlons, 1 2! n Kam af Lits body, and 'Vlll hardly sble to ful owme, The next moraing he complatned of atl- ness of the Jaws, and at night be was selzod with violent spasms, aud lockjaw set jo. Un being Wid that ho must. i iofu] death, Lo or thawe Thiores'a hook, ** Waldens & L e Wend Blishod e L p that not drink 181" Ile dlod Tucsday, at 2 o'clock p. .. wiih a¢ much cheerfulners and composure of miad as if only “MHF a abort Journey. It wis to the prre .f."“ of thiy brothes hat Henty Thoresu dedlcatad kis book, ** A Wgek on the Concord sad Merrimack Rlvers, A SO0CIADLE WITALB, InJ. D. B. Btillman's rocord of carly adven- tures in California and on the Pacific, there lssn sccount of & whale, which gives a remarkablo Ulustration of the souial disposition of that an- imal, In the ship Plymouth, off Cape Corrlcn- tos, several whalea were passed, slways two at lcast belng (n company, After leaving thers, the crew of the Flymouth discovered that ouo of tho whalcs was accompanyiog the ship, ¥eep- ing directly under it, and only coming out to breaths, It waa feared that in his gambols be might unsbip thae rudder or do some other dam- age, 35 bis 3120 waa Lmmenss, his length belng cighty fect, and bis tall twelve fect actoss, . Bvéryillag avallalle was throws ‘a} Liw, aod many vnnr{l of rifle-shots were fired tnto him; but, thongfi his skin was broken, he took no alarm and stayed by the yessel, growning more and morn familiar and friendly, and keeping the same rate of speed a3 the altip, whether i falr weather or foul, He waa like s falthfnl dog, and, sceing that be Ald no harm, the ship’s ople g0on gave un Annoying hiny, accented him o4 a companion, and called him * Blow- hard,” beeanse they could always hear his lond Ureathing. He. scemed Lo hear no {11-will towands his new fricnds, In apite of numerous sloughing sores that e bore aa proofs of their carly distrust, and rome scratches from the ehlji’s coppering; while he had to be forgivert thse blackening of the ship’s white paint by the etIphur In hisgreat yolume of breath, or twenty-four days he followed tha shipt there was 1o evidence that he ate or slept dar- fog that tiine, Once heleft the Plymouth and, went to auother vessel, a milcortva to leeward, butsoon returned to lis first love. When the Plymouth approachied land he showed great reatlessness, and flnally, in green water, loft ker and disappesred. e i THE CAEVALIER D'EON. One of the curlons minor charactera of history 18 the Chevaller 0’Eon, whose full name was Cbarles Genevieve Loufs Auguste Andre Tim- othice d'Eon dec Besumont. What gave him most notorlety was the donbt which exlsted re- garding his sex; as, at diTerent periods, he wore sometitnes the dress of ono sex, somctimes that of tho otlicr; and, during the later portionofhls e, declared himself to be & woman, though belng very masculine in appeatance. Ho was a native of Burgundy, born fn 1728, and by occu- pation an advocate. He attracted the notlce of those {n power by his polltical writings, and st the age of 27 woa aent by Louts XV. on diplo- matic errands to Russia and to Austria. Alter gisiog proofs of great bravery in ihe French army, he was nade Bocretary of Lega- tion, and nfterwards Ambsseador to the English Court. Ho'dld not loug retain this {mportant position} and the story of hislife is one of aiter- natlons of Pruspcrlly and misfortune, na wWere the lives of most French courtlers of the last century, « It 18 belleyed that he assumed feml- nine aftire In order Letter to serve Loals X V. a8 secrot azent. Al the nge of 65 he was rosiding In London, wearing, generally, woman'sappare! and giving lessons {n fonving, In which acvom- plishment he was perfect. Miss Auna Scward gave this Jively account of him Inthe year 1701, whick we find copled Inthe Recollections of Mr, Samuel Breck: This {athe period of inconceivable charscters, aa well as of unexpecled and prodicigus events. Mademolselle le Chevalier d'Eon exhibiting for two shillings admittanca ber akill Tn and defonse with tha wingle rapier! Melancholy roverse of human desting) What a humillation for the Alde-de-Camp of Sarahal IiroglioI—for the Ambassador during five years from the- Conrt of France to that of Itussini—for the Envoy Lo ours, and the principal planner and negotiator of the Feaca o 1782, In the German war she lived five cars In eamp and lented fclds, amidat the pride, ho pomp ond circumstanco, of high trast and glo= tlous coutest. In the American war she was In fivo battles, four against Gen. Blliot, and received six wounds; and sl this before ‘ber sex was discovered! I learned from hersulf that & destiny so astonlehing was _not orlginall; the result of yoluntary cholce. Her parenta bres hor 8s a boy, to avoid losing an estato ontalled on the heir male. She secms to have a nubly, inde- pendent, 28 well as Inirepid miud, and the muse cular atrength and activity of Ler Iatge frame are wondestal, She fencen in the Franch uaiform andthen appears an athletlc, veneravle, gracefal man. Inthe female garb, as might be cxpected, alin s ewkardly thaugh not vulgnrly masculine n'trce doga slie was (G lnto aallod fur Erance. by the ordor of tha Iato unfortunnte monarch, {o iave resumed tho ninle dress, and fo have taken mille tary compiond se General, when {he massacre at tha Tulleries and imprironment of the Kiug lamentably fruetrated that design, snd probably g]mp,pnd an oteronl curtaln over ler career of ory. G It1s ovidont that Miss Beward, Hke most oth- ers, was decelved by this brave, veraatile, and strange impostor, ~ The secords of that timo state that the Chevaller passea his last days in cat want, and that, at his death on tho 2{at of Iy, 1810, the examination of his remains bya surgeon setticd tho quostion of his scx, and his Tach of right to wear femalo apparcl, Jiia writ- jugs wero published at Amsterdam In 1775, with the title ** Lolsir du Chevalier d'Eon,"" BPARKS OF SCIEXCE. FLOTtA ROUND ABOUT CHICAGO. 81, Jous's \WoRT FAMILY AND TIE MALLOWS FasmiLr.—The 8t Jouo's Wort Famlly, or Hypericacere, offers very lttio of interest to auy oxcept tha botanlst, who flods some atirac tlon of curlous structure or novel hablt in the humblest weed that blews {n the ditch or by tho weyside. ' The' Bt. Jolin's Wosts, which lo- cluide herbs, and shrubs, and trees, usually bear yellow flowers, and leaves sprinkled with transparent dots and bordered with black glands, The potsls of the Mowers aro Indeed, @8 well as thie leaves, often thickly splashed with black apccks, snd sometimes stripes. Another peculiarity froquently churacteriziug the epccics fs the colicetton of tho stamcens from their Lasc fnto three or wore scparate masses or bundles, “The family 18 scattered widely over the world, “inhabiting monntains ond valloys, maralies aud (iry plains, meadows and henths.” It num- bers sumowhers near 300 specles, none of which have won the favor of the florist bx any charn of form, or color, or frograuce. few Lave Eemal drugs which bave been of use In the enling art. The inlee of many has a siizhtly d fovritugal quality. The Viemin Gulanen: tree growing In Mexico and 8ur- nam, sffords tho substanco known in commerce as Amerlean Guinmi-Gutta, . The genus Hypericum contalna the malority of tho spectes. and (n our flora has five repre- sontatives. The common St John's Wort (i1 perforatuin) is In bloomn In Jung, but 1t is a rare speciea hiercabout; as 48 aleo the Il corym- bosum, which blussoms a month later. Tho Koim's 8t. Johnwort (11, Kalinlanuin) 1s com- mon on the lake-shors, and s In flower In August, Tho 1. Canadenso and the H, Barothra bloom from June to Octaber, but arc to bo met with only occaslonally, in damp, sandy soil, |, The Marah 8t. John's Work (Elodes Virginlea), o common weed {un wet places, develops small pinkish flowcrs fn midswmmer, It fin- 1shes the list of our 8t, Joln's Worts. Tho Mallows Fannily (Malvacew) is a much moro showy order, contributing several old- timo favorites to our plessurcerounds. Wo ofve to it tho gay Hollyhock (Althea rosen),” which, fu «tately rowa of wyriad colors, lines the walks and_sides of ruatic gardens, Tho Tres Llblscus (Hibiscus Syriacus), u native of Syria, Is likewlse one of tha Mallows; sud so are Chineso Hibiscus (4, Rusa-8irenals), s shrub beariug large flowers of varied huesi and the 1. Marribut, another exotiv from Ching, whicl has sulphur-yellow flowers with a purple centre. Tue Okra (I, esculentus), which is cultivated for the sake of its pods, belongs to the same enus., L Tho Mallows Family {s uscful too, as well as ornatncntal, 1t glves us the invaluable Cotton- hlant iunnyplum)‘ on which mankind depend or Lhelr principal textile fabrie, Thuwholo order abounds fu a blund, innocent muuflu;{o. which is salutary in casea of Irritation. 1t 1s found du all varte of the plunt: and the flowers, the leaves, and the roots of divers specics are cuiployed to south fullammatious of every sort. Muny of the Mallows develop iuto shrubs or troes, but thelr wood {s always very lizbt and of Jittlo value. Rocket-sticks aro ‘mads lrfm strafght steins of the 8ida wiceautin. The Dark of some specles Ia exceedingly Lenaclous, atfording a fbre suitable for manufacture into cordage. The Molioc or ohaut of the West Tudies (ibiscus arboruus) ylclds a strong fbre, which used to be woven {ito whips for Iashing theslaves. ‘The Hibiscus cannabiuus (s cult- vated Iu India as a substitute for hemp, ‘The leaves ot tho Hollyhock st eaid to contain a puriative biuo wlofluB miatter as ndigy. The truit of the Okra, or Gumbo, 1s a favorite in- gredient In soup, to which It lmparts its mu- citageuaus quailty. ‘The Malvace:ws includo upward of 1,000 species, the grester aumber of whiich aro uatives of the Troples, Humboldt reckoied that one fu ity of the fowering plunts ia the Torrid Zone, sud one fu 200 of those in the Temnerate Zone, were Mallows. In the Arctic regions there are none, In Great Britaln there arc scven n%cda,-fnu: of the genus Malva, two of the Althea, sud one of the Lavaters or Tree-Mallow, Wood enumerates thirty-three spocies in the Hora of the United Btates eust of tho Missisalp- i, and Mr. Babcuck names only threo as grow- ng lu_our rexlon. First of theso is the con- mon Mallows (Malva rotundifolla), & way- side-weed, with ound, heart-shaped leaves and pinkish fowers. Every i Kuows it from tho litle cAeses—as the round, Nat slugs of secds aro called—which forus falr material for munchiog. The Callirhae tri- augulats, an berb about two foet bigh, with tn- angular Jeavos sud red-purple flowers, 18 local, near Graceland, The sbutilon arleenna sprluge up Io wasto places, generally by the road or near tho haunts of mao. The plant bas velvet leaves, from which {t ls sometines called Vel- vet-leaf, and _yellow flowers. itls 8 wanderer from Far Indla, adapting itself readily to our cliwste. In'our greanhouse we have two haud- sumo species of the satno genus, which come from Brazdl. e ' JAPANLESE COLLE%B OF ENGINEER- IN The Twperial Callego of Evgluecrs st Tokel, Janan, ls under $s jurisdiction of tho Minister, of Tablle Works, and has a stafl consisting of a Principal and nine English Professors, as- sisted by Japnnees teachers. Tl conrse of training extends over six years, and corripriscs three courses: (1) General and Bclentific; (2) Technical; and (3) Pradifeal, Tho General and Sclentific Course, fnlsherd during the first two years, includes English langusge and come position, geograbhy, elementary mathemutics, clementary meehanles, elementary phiysics clicmiatry, and mechantcal drawing, The Tech nleal Courae, taught during the third and fourth years, comprises clvil engincering, mechaaleal englneering, telegraphy, archliecture, chemis- try,-and metallacpy and mining. 1t also fn- clitdes the higlier mathematics and natural phle losophy, fwluw' naval architecture, atrenuth of matetals, arawlng, aud practical work, The Practical Course, whichi fills the last two years. is Yuuucd in the Iahoratories of the Col- Tege, and In ihe engincerlog workshops attached to'the institution, which, 8t the presont time, give employment to over 800 workmen, Btudents under 20 and native to the country are eligible to admission alter passing a prelim- Inary examination. Thoe beat fifty are chosen a8 tadets, Of theso tnere afc two classcs! those whose oxpenses are pakl by the Govern- ment, and, In return, hind themaclves to ecrve the State for acven yeara after their course It cnded; ond those who pay thelr own exgpienses, and fucur no obligation to the State. ‘The butlding oceupied by the Collegs s 4 handsome structure, and is ‘surrounded by the dormitorics, Yrofessora’ liouses, museam, and laboratories. ‘Fhe Institution is cquipped with a splend!d collection of Instruments aud a tine library. 1t 18 auld by Nulure, which gives these particulars, that there ia no institution for the edueation of engincers to be cowpared with it fn England, JIIBERNATION OF 8WALLOWS, Welately copled the communication of the Duke of Argyll concerning the discovery by bis brother-in-law of & larga number of dormant ‘swallows in a sand-bank fo Perala, fu tho denth of winter. A sceond article appears In Nature, giving simllar festimony to the occasfonal hibernation of swallowa, It 1s taken from Ornithologis ches Centralblatt, May 1, to which paper it was contributed by Herr J, Rohweder, which certifica to the trustworthlucss of lte statements, Tho incfdent occurred o Schlcs- wig-flolstein, but the cxact locality {s not named. Tho facts arc o8 follows: After the hoss-swuliow (/irundo urbica) In the agtumn of 1870, from ihe Laginning to the middle of Bcptember, liad held their ususl” sseemblica by hundreds on ihe sunny side of the roofd. stormy andrainy cold weather suddenly superrencd. As suddenty ald most of the swallows take thelr des arturc for the South, ~‘Te fow that remalned hind flew about restlcesly and anxiously, une able, In the cold north wind, to ohbtaln suftitlent lnsects to Apuease fhefr hunger, Within 8 day after the others thesa also dirappeared, “Three daya slter, during which time Do swalloms were obrerved, Were Tohweders in- formant saw peeping out of the entrance of same nosts under the urojecting roof of the east eide of nln houre, hiero & wing, thers a tall or a fow feath- era, A ladder was obtained and the pests tapped, but no motlon, On pulfing 8t one of the over: hanging wings, a swallow was drasged ont, 3t was allve, but eeemed paralyzed. Afiur tie swale low swas beld In tne hand awhlie, )t futlored abont & sbort epace, ‘and then fell to the earth, A sccond bird behaved in the same vays an third showed fow_signs of life, A fourth appeared quite lifeless. In other neats, »ix, and ten, and oven fourteen swallows wore found buddled together. Thelr condition was aimllar to those Arsf found, The bLirds near the entrance of the nest appeared in o riate of sound slcep, while those further In showed no signg of life. ' The former soon were abla to fiy, with Aif- culty.n longer or shorter round, —only onc fiyingto a comviderablo distanca; the Jaiter were thruwn on a nefghboring heap of "straw. Un the followlng c'uy. xncn tho observer teturned, no birds were oun — GLYCERINE, M. Catillon hins published; in the Archlves de Physlology, & paper contafning elaborate re- searclics on the pliysiological sction of elycer- ine, Administered in considerable doses, glycer- Jna essens the decomposition of the falty and azotized constitucnts of the body. It Increascs the welzht of animals, and dimfoishes the sccre- tion of arca,~the latter effect belng due to a decreasc in the production of urca rather than to an obstruction of the process of elimination, s no excess Is found o the blood. [n moderate doscs, glycerine acts ua o mild faxative, und lm- praves tho appetite sud digestion. lu the bLumao subject, when the dost Tises slave twouty amines, it begina Lo bo _climinated the kidoys within an hour after It ls taken, and “the . action 1s completed In from four to five hours. What- ever amount {s taken, nana de ever dotected eithor i tho Intestinal cxcretaor In the per- spiratfon. All that enters the stomach Is ab- sorbed, but only a certaln lon s capable uf belug decomposed in the systen; beyond that Hmit 1t {8 eliininated by the kidneys, " Theurino never contains any trace of albumen or of sugar. A very lnrfe dose (ffteen grammes per kilo, of body-welglit) usually produces desth, creating Tesiona slnilar to those after acuts polsonlug by alcoliol, ‘The saine amount tnay be safely taken in divided doses,on account of the rapidity with which auy excess s climinated by the kidueys. DRIEY NOTES. Tho roys) tigress in the Berlin Zoolugical Gardens having unnaturally declined to fulill lier maternal duties, Lher two young cubs wero added to the litter of & Newfoundiand dog, wbo takes tho most solicltous care of them. The slabs of sand-stone Learing footvrints of extinct animals, which are found In the Connecte feut Valley, somectimes contaln on a slugle leco tho Impression of saveral different specics. he Muscum of Sclence and Art in Edfutirg has lately como into the possession of aslay from the Corncock quaries, which containa tho footprints of two species: tho Cliclichnus am- bignus and the Hernetichuus sarcroplesius Nono of those previousiy found at tho localit m:llw bear the Impriot” of moro than one auf- wal. Prof. Gueppert has snnounced the fact that the European lvy, which by naturad ‘habit i a climbeg, attachiug itsclf to Huinu of support. b& means of acrial rootlets, will sometimes put o all vino-like tendencies, ond assuma tho growth of & shrub, with eclf-suppurtiug stems, Qur own Polson-lvy, which is also a climber, willy under cortain_clroumstances, develop futo s strub. The Chineee Wistarla has 8 elinilar facility for changing its habit, and is by the gardencr trausformed from a vine-ltke plant to a stocky bush ortree, » Dr. v. Bary, who has made an excursion into tha Tauree reglon of the Western Sabars, re- {:oru to the lcrlin Geographical Soclety that 0 hins found scanty evidences In support of tho theory that the Sahara was once the bed of o sea. [l{s rescarchics rather Incling him to the Lotief that tho tima is vory rumoto when North Africa was covercd with water, Dr, Uary pene- trated futo the Valloy of Bliliero, whero ho fournd the pools peoplid with crocodiles, and o rewarkable growth of trees and of Jusurious vugotation, Dr. Arthur Mitchell hos peen deltvering o scries of lectures in Edinburg on tho eowdition and 1\\\&\):};‘\’) of the caveman (n Western Europe, in o carcful aud cxhaustive exdim- fuation of the cave-fauna, Dr, Mitchell bas been lod tu the ulwlmuu that' thy antiquity of the cave-wun (o Westeru Europo (s to ho uicasured Dy u few thousands and nut by tens or bun- dredao! thausands of years. fic ulso judgtes that tho place of the cave-man s In the Bono rather than the Btono Aféu of civilization, as his wenpous of hono or born wers highly fin. fshedt, and his fmplemeuts of stone wers crudely wrought. -Dr. Mitchell showed, fo the course of his loctures, that the cove-inan juust have seussed & hich capacity for culture, snd bave B:I:n a8 completo (n_ his whole wauhood as is the European of to-day. The Kmporial Kussian Goographical Soclet has accepted the proposition u(psl. Elh[ri:lku{ to undertake at bis owu cost the oxploration of the Anzurs Hiver, in Biberia Despite its rap- {ds, this stream was an importout highway for trailic (or some years alter its discovery, in 1818, It is now scarcely navigated, except between Irkutsk and Bnukvmtné about 300 mlles down from Lake Balkal. The capacity of tha remalaing portion Is now unkuown. M. Slbiria- Kov not ouly proposcs to explore tho Anzars, tut offers to cxsmine futo the fewsiblity of uniting the Rivers Obl and Yencsel by canal- fzlng tho River, Kot, oud of uniting (be Leua and the Angara by canalizing the flim. Should this scheme ldm{l of reallzation, a walcr-way can be coustructed from the northwestern fron- tler of Chin, by the Balkal Lake, the Auzara, Yencstl, Ko, Obl, Irtish, and Tobol, across 8l b‘e:'h, nearly to the boundary of European Rus. ol THE WINTER-FLORA OF FLORIDA To (e Edlior of TAs Triduns. *Cst10400, June B.—~Those who vlult the * Land of Flowers " fo the winter-time will by disap- polnted If they expect to find everything lu bloom. Mere, us elsewhere, plants have their verlod of rest, {n sccordance with the laws of Naturo that govern thelr production sud repro- ductton. Thu poetls coguoaen ot Flarlda is, thercfore, & wmlsuomers but it sounds very pretty, and, aa * Distance lends enchant- went o the view,” msy a8 well be re- taloeds Of 4hp 1,300 spocies of plants known W ba common to Florida, a large proporilon nra § found f the North, and, with the excoption of. | perhaps 200 spectes, the character of the vegeta- tion in similar to that of Georgla and Bouth Carolina. These 200 species boar s striking ro- . sembiatice to West Tndian or Bahams forms,atd arc most prevalont, as well as protifie, 18 the southern hall of the State, OF thelr Wost . Indian origin thore Is no doubt at all. Tho : 1ong chaln of corat-reef Keys, extending from ' Hey Blecayne, on the Atlantlc const, ta Tortu- - gas, {n the Quif of Mezxlco, all of recent origin, have 8 flora almost entlrely tropfcal. At Rey ‘West, where the range of temperature asldam falls helow 65 in the coldcst winter, lawers are constantly in bloom, and the Sappadilla, 2s wol a9 the Coto Nuclfcra {s full of frult In February - & The Iatter I remarkable for betng In o constand state of frultion throughout the year, and ise prolifichearer, InJanuary, 1875, I'saw resldents of Key West pulling up aid _throwing into tho street Lantanad aud other flowers which we of the North raise with tender care In greenliouses. 1 ean fancy that I hosr o great many ladiea gho read this eaylng, ‘01" and *'O dear mo!" Lut lgt them remember that every ruso has its thory, even In that lavored clime. 1 should say rather, every Cartus, For one han only to wan- . der into the auburbs of Key Wost to flnd & perfeet wilderuess of Baw-Palmetlo, Mangroves, etc, ovetrun with the Cereus of "at least two spedes, It s stnuse at lLome and g to _po around find from 85 to $15 asked for these sumo spe- cles by florists. None of the_specfes common to the Keys are Indigenous. The Bryophyllum ul‘ycmum. which grows very large, and has a bell-shaped flower of Lhe enmo color and shape a8 our Hellwurt, (s 8 native of Africa. Tio Mangroves aro the first_representatives of tho | plant-world on a new Key, and the seedling stems, of about tho samo Aize nnd shape as a eiggar, float by milllons over the Gulf, lodghig and quichly rooting on the firat obstruction. Along the shores washed by the (Gulf Stream there are many curfous mementoes of tho tropical flora broaght over from tne Weat In- . dles, What are enlled Sea-Bueand art the mosi common. The smaller Llack and brown obies, used hiero a8 charims, aro the Macuns uréns, D. C., kuown, {n Junslcs s *Horse-Eyea! Tho lacge reddish ones arc called by Wi oo Fulllea cordifolia. The patlyea of (bo West Indles call them the *Antidote Co- coon,” from the fact that the kerel ateeped In rum is uscd In caacs of poison. ‘Then tiers aro larjce round onca,—Entada glgalollum; but the prettiest ere the kind called *Nickers.” These are_alao very hanl,—of gray and yellow eolors, Thelr botanieal name fs boudue. Al of the foregoing grow on vincs, in the locality mentioned, 8o far sa known, none nnyu tecome naturalized {n Florida, - Astroll along shore will rewand the secker after knowledire with numbers of them, land, concounter o tlora In which are Inter- ming] both Northers aml Bouthern forms. Many of the Intter have an evergreen follago throughout the year, The Live Oale, featooned with fon black or gmy mors (Tillandsia), Is especially noticeable; also, tie Cabbage-Pal- metto, which rus p thirty or forty feot, and bears nu follage exeept at the extreme top. One may travel thirly miles and see hundreds of ' thousands of this pecullar tree. When young, the Inner part is used by niany natives for food, Having surveyed the promincut featurea of the floral and vegetable world as exhibited In tho examnples tacntioned, the obscrver turna with greater {aterest to the smaller species that 011 up the vackground of a Florlda forest. 1 have unl{ time and space to mentlon a few of striking lnteress ay the time we saw them,— from December, 1576, to February, 1877,—all of which are repredented In my Lerbarium: Col- lected at 8t Augustine—Aster flesuosus, abupdant on salt marshes, flirw- er; Hex opaca, ‘Tlex Cussine, Myrica cerifers, Maznola glanca; Ioustonis rotundi- follo, in flower; Lyeium Corolinianum,—the jat- ter at Matanzas, on salt-marsbes. At Cedar Keys, on the Gulf Coast: Yeliow Jessamioe, or Gelscinlum sempervirens, a most beautiful climber} Bolidago sempervirons, Vachellia Fag- neslana, Chiococen ricemosa, Pingufcula ptim =% 1a and lutea} Crotalaria ovalis, on sandy shorea; . Borrichia frulescens, on salt-marsh near the sea; Ceratiola erfvoliles, Aluns serrulata, Zamia in- tegrifolla or Arrowroot,—all in Hower. At Gainessilis the following were collected: Of Ferna—Pters squilins, varicty candata; As- plenium_chehicum, Onoclen scnsfbilis, Wood- wardia nugumrnlfn and Virginica; also, Vace einjum myrsinites, Hypoxis erecta; Barracenia varjolaris, the famnous carnivorous plant; Cormus Florida, Prunns Carolinians, Acer rabrim, Pyrus arbutifolis, Chnptalia tomentoss; Violas, two epcciest Astrnfulus obcordatus, rarci Ascyrum -mg“lexlcnulc. Uypericuwn fasciculatum, Utricularia Bubulata. . ‘Tno Polypodium jucanum grows eve: an roofs ‘of hivures; and the curlous lineata on Palmettés, In Februnry the magulfi- ceni Yellow Jegsamine blooms by miidious In. the plue-barrena. The forezolng list s sufliclent to ghow the richness of the winte~fors. Bub there are many others which might be added. WoW, Carxans, TUE SCHOOL OY BOTANY AT OAM« BRIDGE. To the Zditor of Tha Tribune. where Ittaris CLEVELAND, O., Jutie 7.~Tha columns of the * oducational journals of (bo day arc falrly teetn- . fng with anncuncensenta of summer-schools of study. 'To tho casual observer ¢hey scem ua . plentiful as the locusts of Exypt, and one wou- ders What excusoe thore can possibly be for auy {gnorant mortal to abide longer (n his ignor ance. There aro'schiools by the sea-sliore, and schools on the mountains; schools In boats, and schools on land; schools of ecience, of lan< guage, of mutle, of clocution,—in short, every taste, cithor In choico of location or subject of study, has been carcfully consulted. Few ara aware, perhaps, that what scems to us a pecul- farly Awmerican {nstitutlon originated fn the . busy braln and tiroless encegy of I'rof. Louls Agasslz, to whom Americon sclence is so aeeply {odebted. Alter “ycars of teaching and writing, of publlc lectures and private cflorts, it Anally occureod to Mr. Agas- | A sz that, through tho establishment of summor- vourses of study for teachers and others whose occupations did not wermit them to devoto other time, ho might perbaps reach a pubdlic as yet untouched. No sooncr was the enterprise sunounced than spplications poured In from cvery quarter. Mr. Agassiz was enthusiastic With his accustomed cautlon and dialike of dilettanto work, be required each applicant to stata in writing s ressou for his desire to study. Unfortunately for the success of tho undertak- ing, tho most lmfiomnt delslon waoa mado without, dus forcthought. The sclection of & site tor the buildlogs and & houte for the school was of tho last fmportauce, and an ervor Lure would bring lrrevocable ruiu upon it. ‘Fhat crror was made. In place of chuosing sumo eligible location wpou the main land, ihe barren, -worthless' Ilaud of Feulkess was preseuted for the purpuse, und, In an unlucky bhour, accepted. Upon this morscl of nu:snl rock nothlng would grow,—a siuple treo sud half-a-dozen bushes coustltuting its entire lora. Everythiog used must be brought from the main land, and vach round trip costs $18, Not cven Mr. Ayussiz could place Limaelf lu opposition to the laws ot political economy with success, and the luevit- abla result was reached, fa all its Litlerucss, thrco years later, when the butldings and ap- paratus were sold under the Lamier, aud the warthlcss source of all this ruln reverted to its - orlginal owner, Slultuncously with the organizstion of -thu Anderson nnbm{ of Pentkese, similar schools were formed {n and about Cambridge, under the protecting wizts of Harvard Uuiversity, Miuer- slogy and Chemlstry orguntzed (nthis laboratory of tho collge. Grology, under Prof, Bller, waniored ofl to Cumberland Gap, Ky, Crypto- gawic Botany followod its Professor to the sca- shore, and pitclied {ta moving tent Inscolgnof the cliff, between bighland and low At lhlc‘l-xua’dnvu' edge, between windward and ¢ while Phenogemiv Botany rematued thoroughly ut bomse luthc Jaburntory of the Botanlk Garden. For ouce Harvard walved ber chronio objoctior to women, and the Invitation went forth we'- comivg all to Ler prepsred fexst. Wlile the ""fi"‘" to these Invitations has not beon as- tonishiug, it has, u?cn the whole, been very sat- [73¢ l%r[, aud tho Jast Harvard cataloguo re- orts Oity students fn Genlogy, tweoty.fyve in t}hcmh!xy. iwenty-five fo Phanogstuio l-x'x aud six fn Cryplogumic Botany. 1t 1s somew] i curiousto observe how thu sexcs distribute themsclves fu theso clisses, Geologzy sud Botany staudivg at the extremes. The Geol class of lust year numbered oply men, and uo- gamle (mJ hias from thio irst had tho Scripl- ural proportion of seven wowen to oue man. Cryptogumic Botaoy {s ball and ball, whle Mineralogy and Chemistsy reverso the botanical Tativ, aud nuinher goveu tien to one woinan, li- 1t cuanced thut & party of four—of whom the writer was oue—found themsclvos, 0no susncs wornlug, enrolled awouy the spovial studeuts of Botany. The course of life upon which wa entercd was regular and systematic. Dally st 0 o'clock we gatherod st the laboratory I the Botanle Garden. Tha laboratory ls s small bullding, cousistingof work-ruow, Jecture-soun, Hbrary, and berbanium, buside & few privaté ottivei. The library contuivs 4,000 voluuies.— the Jargest collection of butasle works iu this country. ‘The herbarium fs alwo the most ex- Lensive i Awerba. AL this way dairly be Guiandina | Whett we leave thg keya and visit the malo- ! sl &