Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, May 12, 1877, Page 9

LITERATURE. A Critical History of the War of the Rebellion. An Amerioan's View of Shakspearo —The Lr;yv of Evidence, Art Theorles and Methods.--The Spire of St. Pol do Leon. George Tinworth and Industrial Art=s»The Temple of Juggernaut. Flora Round About Chicago --The Arum Family. Hibernation of Birds---Lemmings---The Digeetive Process---Eleotrical Phenomenon, LITERATURE. ACRITICAL HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR. Dy A, Manax. With an Introductory Lettor by Lieut.-Gen. M. W. Buiri. New York and Chi- esgo: A, 8. Barnes & Co. Chicago: Hadley Dros. & Co.” Bvo., pp. 401. Prico, §3. A manwho could concelve and exccute awork of the scope and vigor of the one under noticels porscssedd of uncommon courage, sell-assurance, and sbility, Tho courage and seif-assuranco amount to an audacity, in fact, that is little Jess than sublime. For a civilian to venturo not only toeritilso and pass unsparlug Judgments upon the conduct of each action In all tho campalgns ol agreat war, but Loldly to set over agalnst the plana pursttod by the Commanders-in-Chicf echeimes of his own devising, with an aflirmation of thelr superiority, ia to provoke the rep roba tion of mllitary mcen, and tho skeptical ques- tionings of n public unacaualuted with the strat- egy of war, #d lncapable of forming Independ- ent opinions upun the sclenco of military movemants., . Astothe Intellectual ability of Dr. Mahan, there ls nodoubt. o proved his powers years #go. ‘Thiesa are acute, encrgetic, and combative, und aro never so cffcetively engaged as fu feats of gladlatorisl arl. Thelr whole strength and cdpacity are brought out In the treatment of tho subject which is discussed |u the present work; and it must bo acknowledged that thelr bold and confldent manucr produces at tho outset o stirrlng tinpression. Thero is a show of perfect mastery of the materials used in the argumont, ~of the wholo body of facts and Incldents de- yeloped in the procedure of both parties in the War of the Rebelllon: and the authoritutive alr with which these aro interpreted, and criticised, aud corrected, is ealenlated to bewilder the un- wary sud unfortitied reader. An unreserved deciaration of Dr. Mahan's opinions, and of the amumus which governs thele expression, Is {found in the following paragraph: Havinz mado the acionco of war o lnb{enl of caro- fal study from my youlls up; havingcriticully read the hietory of the reat campnigns of past axos, and done ko for thie spucific purpuss of & clear un- derstanuing and cowprehension of the principles oo which ticy were conducied, and Lhe wisdom and unwisdosi of succoastul and unsucceestul cons- manderat having most carefully studicd the cone duct of this from its commencemont to its eloec; Luving as carcfully considered the relative strength and resources of tha two parties in tho cauliict, and the comparative advantages and dis- sdvantages of each for attack and defonse} and baving contrasted tho duratlon of this war with othors In which the cascs wera at all similar,—I bavo, from tho lm&lunhus. maintained, and will now {lmmen to rouder unieniubly ovident to avery ¢andid render of thesa pages, the following propo- sltiona: That this war ought not to Lave been of a singlo year's eontinuance affer our armies were or« gumized; that it ought not to hava cost this Natlon 4 hundred thousand livea, or a thoneand millluns of dollara; thnt, within ‘any eight months of the continuance of the war, aiter tho mid- dle of October, 1801, -any Commander-in- Chiel of ordinary ‘abllity, " and well {n- siructed in willtary science, would have brought that conilict to a final determination; that, had tien. Orant been such 1 commander, he would hase brought tha confifct to a practical termination durlng the interval which occurredafter bo receivs ¢d Lis commixwion and the opening of L spein campaline. 1am woll aware that these aro buld, and will e to many presumptuous, propositions’ 1am equally well awara that, In’ these propost- iinctly and corroctly represcnt_the de- 0t of tho bost “thunkers, civil and mlltary, to Whown my views have boen ' presentod, tagether with the united opinfons of tne hest mill- tary authoritles In Europe. The conduet and con- tinuance of this war, and the occans of blood and Areasure pourod out in carrying It through, have Bu parallul in tho Listory ot the world, "and are* mattcrs of wouder and aatonishnent o’ Chirlsten- dom, We shall have real ground for nationsl self - respiect, aud shall command tho bighost respect of the civilized world, when, aund only when, wo shall ovince our wisdom, our candor snd in- tegrity, by a rovealad comprehonsion and appre- cuatloiv of “tha real facts of the cuss, All 1 ask of my counirymen 48 a candld hearing’ of my facts and arguimunte, If, alter such a boiting, my ‘proofu sball not bé found *iporfect and en- lre, wanting nothing,* I froely consent to suffer soy umount of natlonal reprobacy which wy worst eacmies can deviee, ‘This is arrogant and uncompromising lan- Euage, but only they who have a clear under- standing ot tho joner history of the War can say hiow much more than & meddier and a brac- kart {s he who peters it, Dr. Mahan makes his assertions seemlngly stanch by wuln{x them on & foundation of so-calied facts, and gives them & telling forco by means of Igrlthk: prescatation. o begin s review of the War with the Bull- Ruu campalgn, and, by cornclso methods of anal- yols, canvasses Lhe leading incidents of ths various campaigns {n tho dffferent military de- partments, until tho surrender of Leo and John- ston in tho spring of 1865. Very fow of tho commanders In charge of the Unlon army ca cape scathlng censurs. Gon. Fremont is wari- l{.mmnwndcd for bis manogument during tho short time ho directed the Western Depart. ment, and {s athrmed to bo ** thoonly real strat. egist who hadcommand of any great department during the progreas of the War," 3 The cfllmencrv of Gen, Pops slso receives a large meed of approval. **No General ever conducted a um&mzn under greator embarrass- ments, or mado better ugo of the foreca under bias comwmand,” says Dr. Mahan, who is as un- Stinting of pralse as of vlame, where lLe be- leves efther to havo been deservod. Gen. Burn- e |s dismissed with the remarks, that ho "was & purc patriot, an honcst man, aud an hlo corpa vommander,—facts rendered quite munifest, That be bad capaclty to plan and exccute & great campalyn, or llqm ARreat mm-‘ we have no evidencs trom auy facts of history," {ien, Hooker ts credited with the ssfon” of masterly military ablitics™; and Gens. Rose- crans, Pleasonton, and Thomas are declared to bave oeen active, far-scelur, and skjllful come manders, With these exceptibus the chlet otfi- ;e“r': of tho army are subjected to terriblo re- e, Tua examination of the campaign of Gen. eada concludes with the slzuiticant statement thay "l;iunmncu, irresolution, Copperhicadism, and tho lust of gain on the part of Generals wud Party-leaders, so controlled our campalgzns as to cause tne War to drag ita slow leugth along during those dreary years, and that at such an enormous expense of 1ife and treasure.” en, Grant {s treated with a severity only less Severe than that which Geo, McClellan suffers. From the time whea Gen, Grunt assumed com- manl,! atirms Dr. Maban, “up to the close of the War, our armics undenlably numbered up- wards of 1,000,000 men, IHow bumerdus were the armies of the Confederacy during this pe- According to officlal and'rellabls bistoric Statement, these armics in the ficld, in all the itederato Btates, did not amount fn all to 000 wien. Gen. Lec was noverabluto confront Gen, Grant's lmmense forces with an army over W0 strong; whilo all the furces which the lederate Stateacould (arnish Geo. Jobuator, aluat Uen, Bhermau, amounted to less than Z00 meu. ‘The Unlon aruy, during the eu- iy firlod under consideration, undenlably out- Bumbered that of the enemy as quits four or Bve L o Yet tho Wur, under these unheard- 9L clrenmnstances, dragyed its slaw longth along for upwards of one vear, and would, a3 our Comwander-in-Chief expected, have been pro- cted durivg the year 1583, and even longer 8til, bad uot the cxecutlon of the plan whicl e deilnitely tald down, and was puttivg into execution, been, I;lf lulucuces outside of the Arwy, fundameutally changed.” aban vowhere in his argument makes tlowance for the vast sdvantage which the Rebels enfoyed 1n pursulug & war of delease, In rritory whcre they were at home, and familiar With overy opportunity the xwunJ afforded for Practiung tho tactics of warlare. In almost $uy conteet two wen on the defensive sido can :;lgru bldmwn lora ff”“‘?,fi‘; tlo thrve or four al cours cupac the § “nxu and cepacity on the sido of au 1n wbs clusiog lines of the pesssge juas quoted faahint of the most extraordinary statement schlch Dr. Manan puts forth in hln?nnk, Lo-wit that to iimself belonga the lionor of having § ftiatel the movement which compeiled the sur- reuder of the Retel commanders in the spring of 1565, and sparcd the vountry another twelve- months’ waste of lives and treasure. [u the winter of 1953 the Doctor visited Washington, and Inld before the Prestdent, Becretary Chase, Benators SBumner, Wade, Wilson, and others, a plan which b hind concelved or 'the Immediato conclusion of the War Ly a certafu scries of rapiu actions against thoenemy. He represents that the plan was listened to with respect and approval hy.nll the anthoritics to whom he dis- closed {t; and that Prestdent Lincoln declared, on nfirst hearing, that he would adopt the same, anil appoint & new Commander-in-Chief tycarry it ont, provided- the Benators mosie tloned mivised It. The scheme was lkewlse submitted to Gen. McDowell, and recelved his sanctlon; but, after an intorview with Beeratary Btanton and Gen, Halleck, the President de- clined to make zood his original promise, and thus the affalr cnided. BUIl keepfog sn anxlous ontlook over the ngrfls of the War, Dr, Mahan foresaw, while icn. Blierman was resting at Savannah, certaln disaster threatening the forces of tho latter stioull he move nurtiward, according to the plan of Gen. Grant, without strong reinforve- ments. It was his conviction that, while Leo would retain sufficlent men to hold Grant fn clieck, Johnston would precipftate the remaln- der of the Rebel forces tpon Sherman, and, by dint of superlor numbers, overwhelm ln, ' In- furming Mr. Bumner by letter of the impending calamity to our armny, Dr. Maban rtecelved a reply stating that his communication had heen resented to the President, who wished to know mmediatdy what movement ought, In his i!)nhxmcnl. to be made to avold the catastrophe. r. Mahan advieed that all the troops not needed at the moment by (ien. Thomas ahould be sent without. delay to the nssistance of the Imperiled troops. Ine accordance with this adylce, the writer. clalms_that. Gen. Schotleld waa ordered to reinforce Bherman, mmgllah- ine the matter at the very moment when John- aton had fallen upon tho'ariny and had nlready cantured two regiments. Discoverlng that he had an unoxpectedly heavy force to encounter, Jotmston withdrew, and the result was the sur- render of the Confederate army, Buch Is the story upon which Dr. Mahan bases s pretensions asthe prime {nsticator of tho movements which (inatly concluded the War of the Hebellion. It s asserted by leading mill. lnrly men that the interference’ of civillans of welght and nuthority with the conduct of the Commanders-ju-Chic was the maln reason why the War was so fearfully protracted. Tho odium of this accusation will undoubtedly bo extended to Dr. Mahan, Whatever may be the wisdom or weakucas of his critical opinfons, he clearly hasthe right at the present date to ublish them. The “events of the War have come mattersof history, and with thelr re- cesslon Into the distance It gruws less and less difilcult to mmrmhend Justly thelr causes and consequences, it 18 now a trifling task to point out the errors in military management, and the waysto have avolded thems but,while they were happentug, it often batlled Iho obilest stratextsts :g orccast {ssucs, and bo preparcd to mect em. AN AMERICAN VIEW? OF BHAK- SPEARE. BMAKBPEARE FROM AN AMERICAN POINT OF VIEW: IcLerunixa AN 1xQuiny As 7o Iis Rrttatovs Farrit, Axp H1s KNOWLEDOE OF Law: witit Tug Bacontan Tnzony CoNsipentp, Ly Qronar WiLk! New Yark: D, Appleton & Co. Chleago: on, McClurg & Co. 8vo., pp 471. Price, 3,00, A judiclous bookscller, when ha has a work for sate which Is somowhat deflclent In literary merit, will call attention to the well-known rep- utatlon of tho author; or, {f this be one who has not yet written his name on the temple of fame, will lay stress on tho finejtypography of the volume, its elegant blading, or fino fltustrations, If all clse fall, It can at least be rccommended to tho *curious collector™ for its very worthlcssncss. ,Tho present treatiso will bo & treasure (o certain waya to tho Bhakepearcan colloctor. It ls *the only work of Its kind n te English language, as a book-catalogue would say. It is well printed, on good puper, with o 'coplons {ndex; ond ita rough, uncut cdges are admirably adaptod to catch tho dust as it stands undls- turbed oo the lbrary-shelves. Tho title of tho book we object to as too encrons, The autbor purports to criticlas ugland’s great poet from an Awerlean point of view; but he Ia quite too liberal in offering to snare the honor that will accruo to him with the whole population of this cuuntr{. Notwith- standing his gonerosity, sud the delicato (nslnu- atfon that -ho represents Amcrican Ideas of Bhakspeare, his muniticeuce cannot be accepted ; and, lest our Transatlantic cousins might be, misled, 14 fs suggested that the titlo should bo amended so as to read: *from one American's vlew." It Is very desirablo that Mr, ould not be misrepresented. Horfously considered, tho present work is an claborate éssay in confutatfon of the Hacontan tucory—as it Ia called—of the nuthorehip of the dramus which are commonly ascribed to Shak- speare. Incidentally, as tho autlior says, an fort has been made to show that the poet was Roman-Cathollc: that Lo sympatbized with tho aristocratic classes, nover mentloning the com- mon people but with contempt ; and that he had no special knowledge of law, such as would be galned by an - attorncy or attorncy's clerk, This quadruple undertakiog las béen laborlously carried out In the nost palustaking manner, but without the slightest cothuslasm or imaginution, ‘The author defends the neccasity of Lis exumination of the Baconfan bypothests, by stating that it has obtalned the support of Lord Palmerston, Judge lohines, and Gen. Butle and thatit {s abubble which muat becutirely ex- ploded, or it will bo sure to reappear whenever ho world has a sick or fdle bour. Mr, Wilkes nay real urad that his ponderous blows bave entlrely cred this tny bubble, ‘The argument against Lord Campbell’s theory that Bhokspears was o lawyer, fs also well:| bundled in the main, We cannot help bellevin, that tho poot inust have had & greater knuwfi edge of law than tho ordlnary busghor of his time, though the phruscs hu liscs are generally thosy common to couveyaneing, such as woulil be caslly acquired by any onue deallng in real eatate, or experimentally acquainted with law- suits. Mr. Kuoight, fu hls We of 8hakspeare, proves thiat the pock was very litiglous; aud this would go far to 1l up his vocabularly with thosc legal terms which are so frequently found in his dramas,~bis wonderful, all-graapln; genlus, rupldly and nnmmduun‘y assiinilate everything that could be made uvailablo to " his purpose. Instinct and genius can to & “certaln extent be deflned as thoso powers which fnsensibly, blindly per- lorm the work of rcason. It Is fmpun lo to convelve that the poet know the full strength of lils genius, otherwise the cunsciousness would have left an (mprint on his pagea. Of the nature and might of this genlus Mr, Wilkes {s even more profoundly fznorant than was its original posscesor, e praises thc poct because atliers huve done g0, but [t ls casy o see it is uot bis tudividual and fndependent ace tion. At the closo of bis work he ‘l&'h(l dis- misscs tho subject by admliting that Bhak- speare's merdts outwelgh Lis fanlts. 1lis arguinent that Shakspeare was a Roman- Cathollc scems to be the weakest part of his ¥ ¢ forgets the necessity of muking o character speak fn terns uppropriato m‘i.:. condition or time, and distorts cvery allusion to A {riar or oun, snd syery wention of - Catholle rites, into proofs in fuvor of bis thenr{‘. Yet, in his eriticlsm on Lord Campbell's similar method of showlug thac the poct was a lawyer, hs {s un- sparing In his ridicule. His arzunient 1s & two- edeed sword, which cats both ways, and even wounds the hand that wiclds It. Mr. Wilkes s ""‘““‘&Y, well acqualnted with the commentators on Hhakspeare, aud he has read the poet's works; but he has nover felta momeut's patby with the alinost superbu- man genius that Insplired them. Ilis discussions are consequently as cold and llfeless as 8 com- mon plaster-of-Paris finitation of the Venus da Medicl. Theauthor's fnnucent unconsclousness of the medjvcrity of bls fdeas, and bls contl- aence In his own ormlom. arc 50 boundless that the readur {s intinitely amused, Neveril there aro some grulus of wheat scatter through the mass of chaf. It must be con- 2 however, that the labor of screenlvg will ouwa!’mcamy protit to ba obtalned. ' _THE LAW OF EVIDENCE. A CO)I)‘ENTAH\’ ON THE LAW OF EVIDENCE IN CIVIL ISSUES, B( Fuaxcts Wuaurox, ace LL.D., Authos of Treat| on Conflict of ].lea ang Medical Jurlspradence, Nevigece, Agenc Crimbus) Law, Ta Two Voluses " Hay: dvor: law cf. Fbiladciphia; Kay & Drc. ‘The past §lty years have sesn greater changes in the development of Jegal sclence than any precediog period of equal length In the history of this country or of England. The writings of Bentham, MU, Btephen. and others have worked & rovolution o law; and the ead is not yet. Educated minds bave turned thelr sttention I this directlon,—meu who were sowething more than lawyers,—and the result has been & logical development of the sicnce, Even vouservative old Eugland has witncssed the cstablishment of 8 code, and bas jumped far in advunce of New York lu some of her {unovations. In wo reapechas [his cbhande been greatcr than In that branch of jurisprudence which relates to evi- TIIE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, MAY 12, Aence. The alteratlons In this department, to o lawyer of the lnst century, would seetn astound- ng, anid leonoclastic to thio highest degree. Com- mon faw and equity kave heen mingled; criml- nals can testily in thair own bebalf, and are ol- Tuwed, with thy vreatest freedom, 1o be admit- led to turn State's evilence; hushands and wives can, In manv Ntates, testily for and szalnst one snother, nnd the mar- ringetontract Is gearcely civil cornpact which can be enforeed. Yet. with many questionable changes, the drift of thess lezls. Jative ond Judicial advances has been hroad benefictal, ” The p]rut object haa been to et at truth in the simplest vn(. with the leasttrouble and expenses and technleal rules, which rested on na broader ground than that of precedent, have been ruthiessly cast aside. The relevancy cven n of evidence 8 now to he determined by the laws, not of formal jurlsprudence, but of free Togle; and the recent declslons of most of the Btateaare based on logleal as distingulshed from technically Jurldical grounds. In order to 'meet this graml ndvance—thia revolution, as It were—in the rules of ervitdence, Dr. Wharton, nlrnu:l‘y well iad favorably known by other fegal treatides, has written the work whose title la given above. In his prefuce he states that his object has been to ineet the changes caused o the rules of evidence by the admission of Interested persons and partics ns ‘witncescs, by the disuae of svecial pleadine, by the combination of law and equity pleading un- der codes, and by the changes in reaard to relevancy and presumptions of law. The work is divided into three parts, or hooks, treatin, respectively of the Requisites of Proof, the Mode of Recelsing Proof, and the Effects of Proot; and the numeruus {llustrations are drawn trom tho latest authori- tles, It s a complete treatlse on the law of cvldenco at the present day, disincumbered of dead Issucs, and must rival, if not supersede, Greenlenf and Phililps. In fact, the day lins nearly gone h{ when English treatises can be revarped with a few notes, and made to do duty in this conntry. Thouzh they may be hotter written, the difference in the develop- ment of the Lwo countries, aud, still_more, the Giverse legislation of tho scparate States, ren- der an Anierloan work necessary as an exposi- :.'Iu‘l; of American law, or a guide to American udges. At a first glance over this work, the reader will probably be disappolnted, Accustomed to sec pages and rhn&)l.crn deyoted to questions which aro now dead or radically changed, he miasea the old landmarks, and pronouncea the book superficial or incomplete, Coplous quotue tions from Ucborweg, Mill, Kant, Butler, New- man, Mansel, and other writers on lowic, muta- ];hyalcs. and lhcolofi'. are not commun In a egal treatlse on evldence. But n eecond glance will prove more satisfactory. The author, rec- ognizing the fact * that the law fs mot settled, that these new principles are mot yet fixed, hus glven cverv case to bo found in American de- clslons bearlng on his Licct, 50 08 to throw tho greatest light possible on it, and Indieate the drift of the decisiuns, ‘Though a case de- cided by sotne Territorial Judge may not be re- rded as fnfluential, it indleates the tendency of thought, The inquiring, fconorlustic, wkg:th:» al spirtt of the time penetrates even tho legisla- tlon and the fudichl declstons of the day, os this country Ishut too well aware. While the old l)rmlltluncr may profitably desire vet. to consult ho able works of Phillips or Greenleaf, ho wiil find in this present work the latest and best expositions of the rules of evidence; and the voune Inwger will not need to o be- yond {t. The law is hroad enough and deen envugh to oceupy yall the time of its fullowers fn_understandiug” liviog Issucs, inportant as it maybo to Uo acquainfed with tho history of jurlsprudence, The rules of evidenve fn crim- innl Juw, being quite distinet, and rarcly. ngnl lca- Lle In civil cascs, have been treated by Dr. Wharton in a separate work, and are not em- bodicd In the present treatise. ART THEORIES AND METUIODS, WHAT 18 ARRT? on, Ant Tirzonizs ANn MrTitops Coxciseny 8tarch, My 8. B. 4, BuNzasiy, Hoston: Lockwood, Lirooks & Co. Chicago: Hodley Bros. & Co. 8vo., pp. 67, The essny bere presented bos peen dellvered before scveral art snd literary Instititions In the East, and Is now published ns an answer to thy {nquiry for a bricl cxposition of the naturc and principles of art, The tople isplainly and pleas- Ingly discussed by the v ‘er, and a8 much gen- crol {uformation conveyedas the space will allow. Thelikeacss between the finc and {ndustria) arts 18 well defined, end explanationsof the common technleal terus used in the language of ert are bapplly given. " ‘The description of a rare work of architecture scldom mentfoned by art-writors, and little known to the world at large, which Mr, Benja- min employs in the course of his lecture, wo cx- tract for the benellt of our readers: Let us {llustrata the independent character of the methoda by which genlns reachcs Its ends, by an example: “In the llttls town af Bt. Po] da Leon, in llrlllulx. overlouk nz tho land of Lyoncsse, where Riog Athur fought and fell, and ihe mystical Beven Isiands, tho Avilion of romanco, ever gray and lovely in the sen-miets of that lezendary conat, wliers they still batlove he dwella (o this day, —1 that quaint ltila town, surronnded by myths and loxends, and a plcturesque people and conntry, &tandn the little-known bit not the lesa extrnordi- nur{nmm of Notre Dame do Krels It wan butlt, according to tradition, by an Isliman whoso name has not been recorded, and Wwua pro. nounced by Vauban to be tha most daring schieve- wment jn architecture, The chupel fs sminll,and not u?::lully remarkabla; 1t la_hut ihe basin of the aplre, which {8 cverything, On four plers, at thu unction of the nave and transept, presenting a aeo only thirty-two fect sqaare, anil aupuorted at the corncres alone, ated o tower of mosl ex- aquleito proportions, and, whilo very elabdrate, yet A truly’ astlstic. hreadth ond puriy of *rom tho platform, which axtenda acrons the plern and foriu the fluor of tha spire, one looks up to the finlal al the extreme top, tnrouzh & hol- Tow shell of stan tracury-work 252 feet high, or aver 0 feot from the ground, and entircly” clear of brace or buttress, pler, beam, or brucket,— nothing to break the ‘astonlahing sight but doves Aying iu the dizzy cavity, or the sun flashing here and hero through the open carvinze, whilo thie wind breathes frum sce to age s grand Eolian chiant through that orzan of grunite, that seciis to the beholder as if It “woald tuppla’ over with a Iizht broeze, but which has withstood the storms years, Now, are we (o aflirm that the soar- ing intellect’ which ' concelved and cxeculed that wonderful tower, in the night of the Dark Agcs, was alded by study alone, when all the archifccta of the nintcenth centary, with all the Tearning of the azen at thoir beck, luve been unablo to evoke from the realms of the Ideal a single creation that, in elmvlicity, beanty, sublimlly, or originality. will compare with the almost miracnlous tower of the unknown genius of bi. Lol de Leont ——— COOKERY, TIE COOKING MANUAL; or, Pnacticar Di- mEcTioNs ron FKeonosicAl. Hyvenroar Cooxk- wnv.. By Juiice Consox, Superintendent of the New York Cooking-Kchool, ‘New York: Dadd & Medd, Chicago: Tindloy Dros, & Co, 18mo., o, 143, Price, H0 cents, Judging from the frequency with which new manuals of cookery are presented to the publie, there must Lo a yery active interest prevasliog with regard to the subject. It ls surely one of the most imoortant that can engage the minds of women, and it Is an cacouraging slgn that so much attention is being of Jato devoted to it. The bouk eforo us Is 8 good ono. It contalns many useful hints wucerniug the general prac- tice of cookery, and a nunber of fresh rocipes for wholesome dishes, atiractive to the oye and palatable to the taste. - 1ta cladim a4 ou economical cook-hook, as thls would be understood by the multitude, Is not lsnmculnrly well sustained. With comparative- y few n.-uerllum‘ the recipes call for s great yariety of {ngredients, and a good deal of time In putting them together. With those peraons who must need to practics economy in cookery, the sayving of time is generally au essentlal con- sideration. It may be urgued with reason that nice cookery, ke every other nice accomplishi- ment, must take time, and that with practice will come an_ease and dextority in some meas- ure abridging the moments required. ‘The expeuse of tha condimcuts used fo the malority of the dishes Is less consistent whth tha prefeusion to munm&.’ Parmesan cheese, for fnstauce, st from 50 tu B0 cents a pound, 15 far too costly to be uted in ordinary familics with the frecdom directod by Miss Corson. That cannot be called cheap cookery which tnvolves the use of expensive scasoniug and sauces, al- though the foundation of m“fl dishes may be waste bits which arc generally discarded. a maoyal of good cookery, bowcyer, the book fa to be commended. It {s worth its price 1o nns housckeeper, Roclpes for pastry, puddings, an: dessert-dishes arv not fncluded {n its contents, ——— A FRENCH ART-JOURNAL. L'ART: Rsvus Ilssvoxaias Iriusthes. Trol. seme Annee. | Tomo ler. A. Banree Edlte Librairle de I'Art. New York; J, W Bouton. 1877. Follo. Paper, +Toe first volume of this clegant art-journal, cqntalning the weekly numbers thus far {ssued inthe current ycar, is now ready for distnibu- tlon among American’ subscribers. The publi- cation pceuples 8 high place in the Nterature of Art, and {a steadily sustaioed with the grace and spirit_ which characterize tho achlevementa of the Freach people lu every departwment of esthetica. Its table of coutents lucludes blo- graphical sketches of promiuncut French artlsts, with critlcal comwents upon their masterpieces, easavs on various toplcs of mowentary Interest t0 tho arts und industries, with art-intelligence of tholatest date from the Europcan Capitals. ‘Tho work is enibetllshed with coplous full-paze sud misor engruvlugs., photogravurcs, and o < etchings, reoresenting the most succesaful worka of relebrated masters, and excouted in a stylo of superior excellence. Four volumes, of the mize of the present one, comprize the numbers of L'Art issued within cach year. Together they form a superb collection of art- writinga and art-iilustratio “TOMM MMY _DID. By Exier Hexrisorox Author of *¢Royal ltoxd to Furtnne,* ys and fledger." Chicazo: &, C. Grigge & Co. 5. 16mo., pp. 174, ~ Price, 50 cents. In fts present cheap form this clever book should have a wide circulatlon. It is one of the most amusing storles of a child's antlcs that were ever produced, **'fominy "isnot a creature of the imagination, but a living sctuality, a lisely, mischievous, inquisitive, ingenuous buy, whose physical and mental energles are an petually finding vent in the most surprisl n’: amd eonislent, amd disastrous adventures, hroug! it about by the niost origingl and absurd noticns of things. There Is nuthing stralned or over- dune Iu Lis sayings or llulfl)fl' but all flow forth nutural .ccuelunl,)‘, end Tudicrously. In this respecet % Tommy ' Ja superior to” * Helen's Babies,” who oceastonally are placed In forced snd Iinprobahlo situation: BOOKS RECEIVED. MY WELCOME BEYOND; axp Ornzn Pogna. Iy Artie Wrtuixoton, Sa. 10mo., pp. 10%. Chicago: Hadley New York: Dodd & Mead. Bros. & Co, Price, 81, HOW TO TEACH Xn(,‘l)mll:‘#(l TO TEMPERA. MENT AND MENTAL DEVELOPMENT;on, NOLOGY 1N THE BCHO0L-IInoM ANI FaAMILY, N Sizeit, Author of HCholce of Purnuits; to Do, and Why." Nuw York: 8. It & Co. Chicagos Jansen, McCluig & Co, 11y Price, $1.: WILL I BE! By Mrs, llenex J. Fonn, of Biutlalo, Boston: Loring, Publlsher, Chicago: ladley Bros, & Co. Faper, Price, 50 cents, TWO LILIES, A Noveu, By Juuia Kavaxaai, Author of thalie, " eic. Now York: D, Ch! Jlnl.il.l. McClurg & 5. WHAT T0; M e, 81, ‘A Bronr or Tnx Eanuy Days or Tup Rreroouic, By Assunx ‘Towxen. New York: Dodd & Mead, “Chicago: lladley liros, & Co, _12m: D, GO, THE EASTE QUEST HISTORICALLY CUNSIDER: Witn NoTks ox THE REsoUncEs or Runsia axD TUBKEY, AXD AN ARSTHACT OF Tuets TREATIES wiTit THE UNITED BTATES, Dy Jaxcs M, Brouse, With Maps. Boston: James M. Osguod & Co. Chl 1 lladley Brox, & Co, PERIODICALS RECEIVED. NORTIt AMERICAN REVIEW for May-June (iames . Oagood & Ca., Nowom). Conteuts: “The American Comstitdtion,” by Oliver I, Hortun; +tevelations of Eutarian Diplomacy. By Knel'Blind: ** Abraham Cowley, * by Wil uwllen Dryant: **African E: with mape), by Laurence (Iphant; rtance, " by “Fliomas Hitcheock ; of Dbt nod Sloney," by Ellzur W riet Maritneay,” by James Freenian Clarkes **Tlie Progreas of Faloting in America, " by the tical Heflcctfons,” by a Japanes Hecent Progeess ' ln Physical Scle ence; ‘ontemporary Literature, ! GALAXY for June (8héldon & Co., New York). Contents: **Spring L«nglng." by Emma l.oza. o 5 - Tiopkine; jorors aht; **Hare o Z us: *+ A Progressive ijaby, " by Misauthrope, ™ chapters . IX., and XX., by Justin Me ‘Uniformed Militia® Bersice, " by The Yosemite Iermit,* by ¢ **Tho " Junished," by Ll eelur; by Heary James, dr.i fiected Light,” by Mary Alnge De Vore; nsurance," 11, 3 ‘allen Among ** The Hattalion,* byJd. W, De Forost; 3 inations of Angling,” by Ueorge Dawson: ** Exccntive Patronageand Civil-Serve lee lMeform,™ by L Cureys ** Throo Vetiodsof Modern M TN by Tichard Grant 4 Drift Y f 7, " Philj Quilibet **Current Literature;" Neuulm, " Uy the Editor. AMERICAN NATURALIST for May (H.0. foagh- ton & Co,, Boston), AMERICAN LIURARY JOURNAL for May (F, Leypoldt, New York), SANITARIAN for May (A. N, Dell, New York). NATIONAL TEACHERS' MONTIHLY Tor May (A. £, lai New York and Chicag fli ® ay (E. es & Co, CLEVELAND HEALTIL JOURRNAL for ANERICAN uoumt:u,.'t!r’x for May 1 (American 13 Htiopel, Clevcland, O. News Conipany, New York). o LITTELL'S LIVING AGE~Current numbers (Lit- tell & Gay, Boston). * FAMILIAR TALK. INDUSTRIAL ART, In the English scction of the Maln Bullding of the Centenulal Exposition, there were exhib- Ited sevoral torracotta bas-rcilefs, delineating religions subjects, which attracted admiring at- tontion. They were the work of George Tin. worth, a young Englishman employed as o de- signer in the atudios of the Doulton Pottery- "Manufacture i Lambeth, a suburb of London. The talent of tuls ekillful molder of plastic clays was developed Inthe * Lambeth Bchiool of Art,"\8nd the history of his intcresting expe- rlence fs related by Mr. Edward: King In a Lon- don letter to the Boston Journal, The father of Tinworth was a wheelweight, and had no higher ambition for his son than to bring him up to the trade which hie had worthily followed. The boy was boru with a genius for carving, and very early betrayed his bent by cut- ting rudo portraits in wood, of such cmineit personages ns chanced to come under his ob- servation in his wanderings about London, Ho first tricd his “’prentice-hand ' on Garlbaldl; but ho had to pursus hls work by stealth to-avold the parental eve, which regarded with cxtreme displeasuro theso ovidences of an artlstie taste 10 the youthful scion. The bits of portraiture which George had heen lavishing all bis spare tme upon, on scveral occasions came In the father's way, and were smunmarlly thrust in the fire. 'Lhe boy smothered his sorrow and {ndig- nation over \l.hh deatruction of the products of his fancy, and for further sccurity confined his labors fu carving $o the night-hours, when ho ‘was supposed to bo innocently slumbering. 8o long as his father lived, young Tinworth pa- tiently pursucd the trade to which be bad been condeinued; but, when the death of the elder released him froin the sacrifices of fitial ovedi- ence, ho at onco entered the ovenlog-vlass of the Lambeth Art 8chooy. "This Institution hiad heenorganized in 1854 for the tralning of the workmen of the dlstrict In which it {s Tocated In the vrineiples of Industrlul art, A short time after {ta foundation, some among the laborers in the Lambeth pm.tcrfi- kilna, who had hitherto made thelr warea with- out any sttciupt-at decoration, wers In- duced to enter the school. Tho num- ber of students nyplyln': for_the instruc- tion which quickly demionstrated its practical value, kepl increasing; and the Mesars. Doul- ton, the famous Lamboth pottcrs, gave the school fmportant encourugement by Introduciug stuneware-decoration Into thyir mauufactorles. The Iuternational Exhibition of 1871 applied a Ircal spar to this art-imovement ; and the Doul- tons in the samo _year opened studtos in their ruuulcl. whero thie youngmen and women from he Lambeth Bchoul could use thelr skill fo the deslen of fresh forms and styles of ornamentas- tlon for the Doulton ware, l-'fl‘fl of these art- ista In clay, who are nuw provided with pleasaut employment ot remuncrative prices In theso wurk-shups, are women. 0 inethods of work pursucd by these de- sava: **They are not re- ¢ the operatives at the Wl i thy cobtrary, 1t 18 understoud that they are artists, dependenl largely upon the conditious of thelr mind for the spontanvity of their production, and not to b controlled. They aro active, though, these littlo ladics, aud they Kee lhnrcn kilng filied with the products of thelr pencils, baking night and day. 1donot think any of the women employcd n {hun studios ure from the lower classos. They are alt from the middle class, and are eirls who had the mlnnuf‘e: of a good education be- lu{u ulnluv developed faste for drawlug and cole oring.' Wihen George Tinworth entered the Lambeth Behool, he very soot revealed to the Head-Mas- ter, Mr. John Sparkes, his genfus for tho plas- ticart, and was within a fow months preseuted 1o the Messrs, Doulton as 8 modeler suited to thcir nceds, “Tioworth,” remasks Bir, King, “with bis astonlshing scose of artlitic orua- mentation, wasa treasurs for the peoplo who wished to mako stouewarc beautifus, He began to mako lovely things {n clay; spiral bandas or ornamental Hobons, deeply {nterdigitated or elaborately frilled ; ornament covering as mgech surlsce 42 the round, m:upiuf -or flying over It {o wild luxuriance; busee, belts, and bands of plain or carved molding reatraiul 1:5 the vagraot rowths which hu imitates so skilln IK. Bo great bis fuvention that, although he bus slread: ornamented tho uvanas of stone vases, pots, ans services of pumerous kinds, no two are alike In any sense. low tbis man, born fu the shadow of tha lancs of Londos, and worklog lo a coruer of & fog~slrouded potiery ln Laibutl, wanages tu couvey futo his work ‘so much of the wwect- uess sud sublinity of Nature, such feeling for owsrs and viaes, 8ad clouds and siics, Is & mystery.! "ln:zrlh has developed in the production of hls works a raro faculty forwmodellug the human e, and for colnposiog groups expresaly vlgorous uud dramatic action. A jug on which were represented secnes frum the Passivn and from the Old-Testament history, has been de- clared by competent Evgliah critics the fucst example of décorated stuucware produced in Ihhk'cnlur{. A fiwun of football-plsycrs, taken at &0 cxviied polot o the game, 1s said to ¢x- bibit surprisiog power,—* tho knotted muscles, e e e e 1877-TWELVE PAGES. the stralning limbs, the sct faces ™ of the econ- teatants, heing sculptured with wonderful aklll. Every sear specimens of Tinworth's model- ing are displayed at the Royal Academy. The pancl compased for the present exhibition shows the continued Improvement of the artist In de- #ign and (n manipulation. 138 works have re. ceived from the severo Ruskin the heartiest commendation, and the applause of 8o great an ority has liad Its effect in giving tho young a {ynpfllnr reputation. e Messrs. Doulton afford Tinworth ample opportunity lor the expression of his genlus, al- owing him every facllity for the “perfection of his denlens. 10 1s to thém, and to the Lambeth Art School which first tauzht him the value and use of his powers, that he Is larzely indehted for the runaplcaous position in the worlit of industrial 7 art which he now enjoys. Looking back over the ry years which lie 'ch in servitude to an trisuriie calling, while his peculfar tatent was eraving the privileia Lo prove itself, Tinworth Iet [ail toa sympathizing listener the simple, tl‘:u,v.'hl‘n'i' rmn:;rl(.?lmllvlmllz:& ‘yuh ;’l‘rgz—ilrnwn s'gh, I was in wheelwrl n'a itlunger than Ieared about,” s # K ‘The employment of the students of the Lam- beth Art School in the potteries of the Messrs, Doulton has i o brief time given to their ware a wide renown for §l8 grace and beauty, Every article passea dircetly from thy qu wheel to the decorator's hands, where it recelves tho aidded charin - of artistic: ornamentation, Mr, Uladstone spokeof the triumphant results of the appilcation of art to the. Doultun pottery, In un address delivered a {mr oo, and sald that what tv him appeared the most singular fact of the case was, that the Lambeth students liad ncver yet found it necest to multiply thelr worka by mechanical means, and, © of the hundreds and hundreds of objects which he had seen, there was fist onc of whirh they {ntended to produce a duplicate.” 1Uiols hias within her boundarles Immense deposits of clay adanted to the manufscture of the floest stoneware and porcelain. When will sne bo able to send out from her public schuola students fittod by 8 thorough tralning In fn- dustriul art to enter the patterics nlrcml{ ca- tabllsticd in hor citics and towns, and tranaform tho choracter and the valus of the wares pro- duced, by molding them in elesant {forins, and decornting them with origical and tasteful de- slgnst ¢ — ANCIENT PERUVIAN DEAD, Twenty miles south of Lima, fa Peru, are sit- uated the famous ruins of Pachacamac, theonco sacred city of the trihes inhabiting the coast-re- glons. 1t bore thename of the divinity whose scat of worship was located within its bounds, and was the resort of devout pilgrims from all tho region in which the sway of the god Pacha- camnc was acknowledzed. The sofl ronnd about the temple erected to the honor of this heathen delty secins to have been vencrated as the waters of the Ganges arc reverenced by the Hindus, aud was sought as a place of burfal by the falth- ful from all parte of the Kingdom. “Dig almost anywhere,” says Mr. Squler, “{n the ' dry, nitrous sand, and you will come upon what are loosely termed mummias, Lut which are the desiceated bodles of thoanclent dead. Dig deeper. and you will probaly find a second stratum of rolles of poor humanity; and, deeperstlll, a third,~showing how great was the conconese of poople, and how eager the do- slro to find a resting-place in consecrated ground.” 'The bodles were gencrally burled in little vaulted chambers,—we are told by the same authority,~which were roofed with “canes and 8 Inyer of rusics. In ‘each grave roomn was afforded for several bodics, which were placed In a eltting posture, with the knees brought closa to the trunk, They were sometimes en- veloped In wrappings of cloth,—the inncr folds br:h-fi of fne cottun, aud the omter oncs of blankets woven of the wool of the alpaca or vicuna, Articies of orvament and of use be- Ium.vinf to tho dead wero Interred with them; and it is from theao relics that much of the past history of the racc is now obtatued. The textilo fabrica, the ornaments, utonsils, and pottery, etill existing In a perfect state of vreservation, reveal the variety and condition of the Indus- tries, and many of the soclal and religlous cus- toms, prevalling with this anclent and” nterest- ing peurla. Tie Juwer classcs, according to Mr, Squier, *“iet o death a treatment corresponding with that meted out to them inlife. Thoy were thrust futo holes In the nitrous sands of tne conat, or into crovices of the rocks among the mouantaine, with sucn _scant paraphernalia for their wonderings In a future world as thelr own limited means, or those of their humble fricnis, could h“m“i;. Fewand rude aro the relics found with thesc shrivcled remains: o calabash or gourd; perhaps a carved wooden cup, con- taining amulets and charms; curlous stones, tn the nafural peculiarities of which the supersti. tlous mind rendered reverence; an fimplement of toll; and perhaps a rude wwooden Idol: such were the ubslm:u most frequently found with the plebelan dead of the coast, burled in such rhallow graves that the winds often exposed thom, and tho carthquake thrust them upto the day.” THE TEMPLYE OF JUGGERNAUT. Tho great Tomple of Juggernaut at Poorce {s threatencd with immincut destructfon., Rank vegetation has taken root In the earth de- posited In the cracks and cranoies of the edl- fice, and by {ts growth is rapldly breaking up the structure, The foundations are everywhere plerced by roots, and the walls aro in every part Interlaced with the fibres and branches of trees. Other Hindu shrines are sufferfng similar fate, ond applieations have been made to the Govern- ment to arrest tho ‘lm f docay, and, fu tho case of the templo at Pooreey to restora the buliding to Its orlginal state. *‘Tho petition,” says the Atheweum, “is cautiously urged on non-religions ground, that by Government ald alone India will be saved the loss of an Impor- tant_historical landmark. On the other hand, the rebullding, nnder the patronnze of the British Govermment, of vna of the leading shrines of India, would offend all but Ilindus."” The question of how far the Indian Govern- ment s responsible for the preservation nf anclent Hindu architecturs {8 thus forcing an lmmediate decision, _ & e ART GOSSIP, The Town Council of Dutnfries have deter- mined ‘to ercct a statuc of Burus in their city, Mantua ia about to erect a monument to Vir- gl in one of its public squares. In June Mr. Holman flunt rcturns from bis eojourn in Jerusalem to Englaud, The catalogue of pletures cantributed to the Salon, Paris, which opened ths 1st of May, num- bers 6,530 works. The Exhibition of Fine Arla at Naplcs waa opened "I the Kiog on the 10th of April. Every variety of art, from the fourth to the nincteentn ventury, is represented In the coliection. The Govermmnent will expend 80,000 lire in the pur- chase of works included fn the Exhibition, and already the sales to private persons have been vury extensive. LITERARY NOTES. Theodition of * Hamlet* by Mr. Furness will be pliblished in London before it appears tn the United Btates, A publication entitled Journal des Avengles s about tu be fnaugurated fn Geneva. The editor, conipositors, and all thelr colluborstuurs are to- tally blind. The University of Calcutta has declded to open ita doors to women. This actlon will prob- ably be followed by the colleges at Madras and mbay, and the schools of medicine wiil not long delsy joluing in the wovement. SPARKS OF SCIENCE. FLORA ROUND ABOUT CHICAGO. ‘Tus Arus FAmiLy,—It is & hateful flower, It such a thing be possible, with an odlous name, “Bkunk's ,Cabbage® (Symplacarpus fatidus), sud an Intolersble odor; yet it bas certaln cu- rious hablts which render it Interesting to the botanist, It Is probably the very esrlicst flower that in this reglon peeps above ground fn the spring. We bave known it to bo up and openin the month of January, but it was tempted out by & succession of unseasonably warm days. It 18 very carcful, hawever, to 1ift its head onlys little way out of the warm blanket that bas covered {t through the wiater, u:«:;flwlth 1ts sharp-potnted, parple nose barely visible amoog the clods, it 1s tolerably protected from the chilllng winds aud frosts that linger around tha place of its birth, The fower slts almost direct- ly upon the root, bavisg so short & stem as to be mearly scssile. It is moro bardy aod venturesome than the lolhg\;‘n'muh doce” not hazard au appearanca tho vuter world uutll some time after tue blos- som bas proved tho casay feasible. Then the large, broad leaves put torth, enmel‘y‘ eclipslug the brave, quict blossom in the dlsplay they wake, The plant grows best in bogs and wet places, such as thie swatap sohith of Huas® Park. Tu May the Iudiau Turnip (Ariuma triphyl- lurm) is sbundang b dawp woods. The Suwer [s otten called ** Juck-fu-the-Pulpit.”” from the odd arrangement of tha solitary pillar, or spadix, Or x futhacentroof the flor: the. The lutter organ, curling over the ko & cauopy, 14 of striped green or purple. In June tho 4. Dracontium ta in (ts prime. This fs an inhabit- ant of the woods at Riverside and Hinsdale. "The flower {8 leas graceful in shape than that of the Indian Turnip. These three are all the renresentatives of the order Aracee which aave heen noted in onr flora. 'The family is not a large one. including only ahout 20 speeles, and these are chiefly natives of the Troples. An aerid prir- elple pervades the whole order, In- soinc specles hecoming a virulent poisoe. The Damb' Cano (Micflenbachla Sequina), a plant growing (n South Amcrica and the West Iudies, i3 one of the most dangcrous of the family, A bit of the stem or Teaf taken into the tnouth causos the tongue to awcll cnormously, and occasiuns ex- cruriating sufferings for days. The emanation from the Arum Dracucantur, whenin flower, produces headache, dizziness, and vomiting, The Toot-stock of the Lagenandra tozlearia, caliea in Indfa Zutmuinab, i3 »o poisonous that the natives are forbidden to gather it. Notwithstanding this acridity, the corms, or routs, of many species, when vroperly cooked, form & nourishing and wholesome food. The Tara of the South-S8ca Islands, which s chlcllry rellcd upon for the sustenance of the people, fs snother name for the root of the Calacasla Aac- rorhiza, ‘The corms of the Caladlium bicator and thie talacasia escutenta are ktown as Yams, and Fddoes and Cocos root, In hot coun- trica, whers they constitute an - im- portant articlo of diet. A specles of the Calacasia growing fn the Himalayas is the inain depetidence for the food of tho bill-poo- ple. In preparing the varlous specles for eat- Ing 1t {8 necessary fo boil them n several waters, the potsuious principle evaporating durlw the process. A pure atarch, or farin is mado from the roots of sundry species, an: medicinal virtues arc extracted from others. Tha 8weet Flag, Acorus catumus, is_onsof the Aracee which has been found usctul for various purposes, The splendid Egyptian Calls, one of cur favorite house-plants, belongs in'this order. [t 138 native of the Cape of Guod flupe, although its pame would scem to lndicate’ its nrlxlnfin another quarter of the world. The large-ieaved plants which hava lately come into fashion a8 ornaments of the eardens, the Caladium bicalor and the Calacasiar, havealready been mentioned, The former {s indigenous to Panama. An Interesting fact connocted with the Arum family Is that of the extreme heat produced by the flawers. le{ all blossoms have a highier temperature than the atmosphere around them, vaused by the evolution of carbonic acld, In the Aruwns the fluwers, thouzh smnall, are sct close together on the -flwnx, and surrounded by the floral leaf, which keeps in the hoat. At the period of greatest activity, when the pollen is being discharged, the flowers of the Arum card{follitm have been found to have n tempera~ ture of 131 degrees F., while that of the atmos- Klneru was only 60 degrees. The Increase of heat czins with the openinzof the flower, and is often sensibly perveptible to the touch. 0 the Editor of The Tribune. Bovrn-Divisiox Hian Scitoor, May 11.—The botanical season at Hyde Park opens much later than that elther weat or north of the clity, as {s well known, and can only now ba falrly sala to be under way. ‘Tho following plants have been obscrved to dato: Grand Crousing. April 21.~Iepatica acutiloba, Thalictrum aremonoldes, thentaria laciaeata, Car- daynine rhomboiden (\'.Jnlr errea). Iiyde Park, May 1 .—[’q;uclm bursa-pastoris, Lepldlum Virghudeum, Arabialyrata, Draba Caro- linfana (v. micranthe), Tarazacum dens-loonls, Antennaria planiagivirola, Fraria veica, loumes acefosella, Fhlox bigida, Claytonis Vieginica, Oraite Vialacea, Vioka- ewvullatay Vs padata, V- sayliatas Lithospermumn carescens, Anemone nemerocsa, e~ dlcularls Canadensia, Ranunculus fasicularis, I, multiftdus, Hovatonla cerulst, Corydalls aurea, WiLLIAM M. PATNE. v.the Editor of The Tribune. HiGnLAND PARK, Ill, May 0.—~The following plaats, in addition to those nroviously reported, havo been obaorved In flower in Highland Park during the past week, viz.: Zuraziewm dens- leonls, Dandellon; Rerantum maculatum, Crancs- blll; Feayaria Virginlea, Btrawberrys Jeibes cynoshatt, Gooseberrys Vicla Carollalana, Vetehy Vaccinlum Pennsylvanicum, Dwarl Blueoerry; Thaspium aureum, Mealow-Parsnlp: Capseila ZBuria-pastoris, Shopherd's Purse. E.B. W. “ —— HMIBERNATION OF BIRDS. The storlos of the hibernation of swallows and of other birds, which used to prevall amone the neople, have of late years been regarded by naturalists as entirely ‘fabulous. A communi- cation to Nature from the Duke of Argyll In- closes an nccount of the discovery of a multl- tude of swallows asleep in a bank in midwin. ter. The account ls written by Bir Jolin Me Neill, a brother-in-law of the Duke, and aa ob- scrver who it appears fs worthy of trust. The statementsarc so curlous that wo copy them without compression, as they are given by the author: About twenty-five miles south of Tcheran, the Capital of Perela, there {aa vlilage calied Kenara- gird, near whichi Is o etream of bracklsn water, runniug in a deep bol, with neatly perpendicular hanka aome forty or 81ly feet high, Uelog largel mpregnaied with sall, | (his stream fs farely 1t cver froren. and in frosty weather le resorted fo by izhin of wild ducks, Taringa frost of unusual severity I went frum Tenotan to Kenoraegird, sc- companied by Slr Henry Iuwlinson, for tho pur- pote of duck-shaoting, —tho scverity of the frost Promising cood sport. ” Having slopt at the village, we noxt morning followed the downward cotirsu of the stream, along thonorth bank, and had pro- ceeded about a mile, 1 shonld think, when we came loa piaee whero thire had aulto roceatly ‘been small land-ellp, The brink of tho bank, to the cxtent of ypernaps twenty feei in deogth, and fen or twelva broad in the middle, taporlne of to each end, had #lipped, but had not fullen down the batk. Ha- tween tbls detached portion snd tha perpendlenlar face, abunt ten foct high, from which 1t had hroken off, we saw, 10 our great surprise, & num- Ver of swallows—not Icss, 1 am sure. than twenty or thirty~lying, as I at firet snpnored, dead, but, an takfmg up one of them, I found that It was alive, but dormant; It was warm, and its breathing was quite perceptible, 1 examined a considerable number, and found that they were allallve and hreathing, but none of them gave any siym of cou- rcionsncss, My attontion waa then siteacted to the Ee?find‘uflll‘ face on ourleft, from which tha slip od_broken off, and which was perforated by B vast number of holes, each about thy slza of a rat-hole. On lookiny 1Into such of these as 1 was tall cnough to eee Into, 1 found in all of thein awallows i the sama dormant stare. 1 was able with fnger and thumb to pull out swallows from several of theae holes, and in each ease found that tho hole, wnich penetrated horizontally a con. slderable way Into the bonk, contained more swale lows in the same conditlon. In no case di sco one lylug on another; they were all Iying singly, with thelr heuds Inwards, ‘cach head tonching the tail of tha bird before it. liow far theso holes enetratod into the bank, or what number of swal. by 1dfd pot ascertatn; Lut it fs 8l entrance tu theso dormitorles ho external [sce of the portion that had elip hich, as [ have etated, wus, In the middle, from ten (o twelve fret thick. The holes In the undisturbed portion may probebly have boen of eqaal or grester length, aud, if wo, the number of awallows Libernating there must have amounted to wany hundreds! THE DIGESTIVI PROCESS. A case somewhat simitar to that of the Cans- dlan trapper, Alexis 8t. Martiu,—~in whom a. permancat onening into the stomach had been uecllcntally made by & gunshot-wound, reveal ing to wedical nbservess most that s known of the digestive proccus—has occurred in Parls. The ifo of a young nan being imperlied by o stricture In the gullet, the operation of gas- been 1n 6d, Wl trotomy W resorted to, and food reduced to a pulp was (njected through the opening tbus made In the abdom. pal wall. ~ From obscrvations conducted {l)' M. Richiet, and pubMshed in Comptes- Rewdus, it appears that the pulp, consisting of wmeat, llar\'fi and fatty ‘'matlers, remains in tho uach for threv or four hours. Milk disap- rs In from ono and a half to two hours, The chyme remalus In the stomach fo an undimin- fshed volume for ubout threo hours, and then, in tne courss of fiftecu mloutes, is driveu through the pyldric orifice. At the ¢nd of four huure the stumach is cmpty, but huoger is not fele for twu hours, and hence canost be attrib- uted to the empty condition of the viscus. ‘The 1nean acldity of the gastric juice is found by M, Richet to be equivalent toabout l.'ltjmlm- meof hydrochloric acid per mille, never falling bulow 5" por rislug above 83 grammes. The quantity of liquid present exerts no fnliuvuce on ite actdfty. 1t Is more ocid duriog the process of digestion thanin the intervals of rest,—thc u"l:illly always lncressing a8 digestion draws to ® close, {3 TIHE LEMMING, At = late meeting of the London Linnsan Bocicty, Mr. R. Collett read a paper “On Mywdes lonmus fo Norway,” The suthor bad made 8 study of the babits snd economy of this curious little animal duriug o period of severad years, aod has arrived at conclusions which in many reapects are quite opposcd to those ad- vauced by other ubservers, e states thay tho pumber of youngat a birth various from thresto cight, and that two sets are produced spuually. The remarkable migratious wlich the Lem- ungs oceasionally perform, when couutless Losdea leave thelr natiye habitat, and travel in & steady course onand on until the last row- aut have perished, be ascribes to thelr tem- :mvru’ umx vl‘t’i\.ny united with & wigratory \ instinct: 'The #andency to gathor at Intervals In unusual nwmbers {8 not peeuliar to this spe- cles, but 18 shiared by tho entire subfamily of the Areicoline. The wanderers aro young, and, in one instance ohserved, wern chilefly males. The migration resuits it death to the whols horde, multitides of whom fall victims to their natural cnemics among the birds snd beasts, while others dic of an eplzootic discase foduced by overcrowding, s The bare patch on mamm%, which was as-. cribed by Mr. Crotch (whose ki intereating rodents we n:'pmdnced some little time ago) to the habit of stonesin resisting attack, is helleved by M. Collett to be due toa skin-dfsesse. The enor- mous fncrease which occasionally occurs In thefr numbers, he holds to be owing Lo perfodle pro- lific vears, the facllity of rearing their young, and ihe early breeding of the latter, Colnvident= ly with the notablo ycars of the Lemmiog mi- *zrmnnu, there s been recorded an uncommon ficreaso in the number of rats, mice, shrews, and even gronse, Mr, Collett affirms that the Lemmings do not travel duc west In their migrations, as was as- +| serted by Mr. Croteh, but follow the dircetion of the valicys; and thelr movements chiefiy take placo In the pight. To acvount fully for the periodical multiplication of the Lemmings, and for thelr wonderful migrations, Mr. Collett belicves to be heyond the power of ‘naturalists with their present information. ELECTRICAL PHENOMENON. Tlero Is an sccount in Nature of a curlons clectrical phenomenun which occurred at Venlee, In the southcast of France, on the night of March 21-22, A beavy thunder-cloud was ob- seryed, near midnight, In an extreme state of aritation, alternately ralsing and loweriog fts position. "At the upper part of thls cloud three or four balls of fire issued every two winutes, as If from the Invisible centre of the cloud, diverging in all directlons, and, after running & course of from six to eight degrees, broke sllently with effulzent brightne: ‘Thefr apparent dlamecter, as seca distance of cleven miles, was about a degree. They were mostly of a reddish color,— a few, howevir, belng of n yellowish tinge,~but all of them assumed s white color in the act of bursting, Thelr vourse, which was horizontal and parallel to the plane of the cloud, was rel- atlvely slow, not exceeding two %mcl per stcond: and they bore s strong resemblance Lo fmmense soap-bubbles, both as revards ligat- nees and general mppearance. From tie to time n discharge of Tightning sed through the cloud fromabove downwards, followed soma ecconds after by a dull, rumbling sound, The cluud, with its flBl“.lDll{ of firo-balls, took o course {rom east to west '*; and, about an hour after its passage, o thunder-storm of consider- able suverity broke over the village. e BRITF NOTES. The famous gorilla dwelllng at Berlin s to makea visit to London this summer. An extensive cavern, comprising several gal- leries hung with stalactites, has been recently discovered near Trieste. The survey of Palestine has been resumed. According to the latest news, the country was quiet, and there were no fears of an outbreak, story o these * backing up against * wn . e e e a3t S T S AT S R R Ar, Warthington Smith, tho discoverer of the ' ;3 true nature of the fungus which produces the votate-discane, hus {nvented a mixture which he hopes will destroy the pests. The cthnographlcal collections made by Plag- gin in Africs, which are sald by Schwelnfurth to be uprivaled in value, have been purchased by the Muscum at Berlin for $375,000. Paris savants are occupled with the scheme of driving engines by the rays of the sun, A solar engine has been constructed by 3. Monchat; and an ammmonla e?ne to bo impelled by so- lar heat, has been cecrlbed by M. Foucault, ‘The Russian Geographlcal Socicty s to pub- 1ish a description of the upper parts of the Oxus, of the IHinau-Kush, and of the Western xllmnlnrvu. ‘The materdal for the work is col- lccted from a great variety of sources, ana wil] be nccompanied with maps, voubulnries. ete. In Sumatra, Jomaica, and some parts ot India, the Jeaves of the coffce-plant are *cured ' like tea-leaves, and used in tho preparation of a beverage., ‘Tho husks inclosing the colfee-berry ere used for the eatne purposo in Arabia,—a handful of the husks making about ten cups of cotlee. Ou April 13, 1876, & thunder-storm occurred ot Lucknow, during which hailatones fell rang- ing in size from that of peas aud marbles io oranges, Ono specimen, picked up some time after it fell, welghed four ounces,’aud anotlor mrmured,nluln {ncbes in circumference and two and three-tourth inches In dlamcter. Dapt. Burnaby, the adventurous traveler, has penctrated Persla, snd was st last sccounts at Hoy, A letter from hhin, published in \fayysair, speculates upon the probable movements of Russin In Asla {n the event of war being de- clared with Turkey. It Is oxpected that Capt. Buruaby will supplement his * Rido to Khlva " withi a description of lus travels in Asia Miuor. The warhaturally begins ‘in & row mania. l}}kpm.-l totha sole—Orange-peel on the silles A man with water on the brain should weara plug hat.—LAlladelphia Bulletin. A Parliamentary fowl—The ben that made & motlon tu lay on the table,.—Puck. Bong of a sufferer from tho toothache—* Iow liappy could § be with Ether."—Zoston Bulietin. Phil E. Buster says that an astronomner re- sembles & tramp, because bg often looks hard D. Anna Dickinson has discovered that Josh s not o swect Hart by any means.—ZLoston Bulle- tin, In olden times, doga wero valuably employed as turzsplta; but let o dog turn 8pitz now, and his doom {s scaled. Somebody writes to a rural newspaper to aslk “how long cows shon!d bo milked{™ ~ Why, the sanio as short cows, of course, A Coviugton man asserta: * I nllege that the man who alleged that I was an alleged forger is an alleged flar.” That'a about it. “*Jan't there an awlully strong smell of pigs in the -.lrl" asked Swith (y)t Junzu. 3 \'u!‘:'F re- licd Jones; **that's becauso the wind Is from bio sow-west." Cl’f“ us be \i‘l‘:l"f to Chluzui I}M us ;:l’l that cagy would have a population muc! i Bt. Touls If it wasuh for the. murderse HRochater Denwerat, Applicants for lonxusgenzruly adopt a bore row tone—Cincinnatl Saturday” Night. Espe. cially when they ask for tenor twelve dollurs. —Norristown Heraxd, A headline beture ua reads; “Crab and Lob- ster Fisheries," which scums as appropriaty as #¥ish and Lobster Crabberies,™ or' * Crub und, Fish Lobateries.—Huston ddvertiser. What Is a bat " asked a conteroporary. As far as our education extends, a bat [s a thing to cncourage a cat to gec off a back fence, aud la composed of balf & brick.—Norristoen ierald. A Pullsdelphia Judge decldes that s rallroad company is nut responsible for bogpace further than tocherk it, pound it to pleces, and scrve an ol dles. A Kioa Bon.—Paterfamilias~* George, thess Pree ! rdinary watch over the lmnk-flm- 82 ' i ) PR A ‘ . ' t aro uncommonly good cigars. [ can’t atford to 3 smoko such expensive vigars as these.” Georgo (erandly)y—* Fitl your case—fill your case, Gov'- nori—Lunch, Il; urnnol bull ty-loving o !{70( lunler‘:‘;-uhnol system, to hear & mein~ ber of & Board of Education, after mlmli rising in his seat, and majestically waring bis hand to the geutleman who proveded him, blandly re- mirk, *Mr. Chairman, I alu's got po objection 10 this "ers motion prevailin’,” GO.D ABROAD. ke onrs, I Trandiated fram (e Geran.) ears ago 1 heard 8 story told: TR Pidlodt yoliows sanntered Gold, Sight-seving, through the count At last 4 Thare must be esmest causs"—the Gold stood Wnl.lnxullhu hangLt—*"for sounds with such 3 [ Qf auflenay lathem. » Then, syorosching nigher, Yawe e s slwig ot ey Dfi“m;:"&a"mu' The Gold leoked on, aad apoke; i vord Iron | whersfore daat thou cry T e RS i e iy " 14 all men find foy 1n me; nu?dlx'n":'mb-"-a: h'u::‘m:f; mn’é sealne ** Baygg: 104 8 L 3 mart ! “?uns:'ft"mm The wledge should break tav art, Thea tnosned the metal fn tha flery glow: 47T fAet the bammier is @ fureign Toe! But 4 aw lron~1tva such a3 Lo: A rotber strikeal “Tis (bly dlstreascs me." Mawon L. W, NoCuszocs, Cuicauo, May 9, 1477, % reposscsa the minds of a lber+ ¥ b lorying fo the grand- - C f ¢ Mis 3 ¥ £