Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, March 15, 1877, Page 4

) The Taibmane, - TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. ' BY MAIL—IN ADVANCE~TOATAGE PREPAID AT - TTIIS OFFICE, o1y Faltlon, po:paids 1 yesr. LA e walrr s Tour e ka o H on: Litcrary wnd Heth e .812.00 sl . Lo o) WEEKLY EDITION, POSTRAID. ., per ear. ciCinbof ten.,. ¥ Cinbiof twenty., Postage prepal ! Erecimien coples sent free, =i _TJopreventdclay and mistakes, besurcand giro Poste Offce nddress in full, Including Btate and County, 1 _ Remittances may be made elther by draft, exprets, Fwt-OBice order, o In regfstered letters, at our risk. a1 TEIMS TO CITY SUDSCRIBERS. i Tally deltsered, Bunday excepted, 23 centd per week. Tatly, deitvered, bunday Incinded, 30 cents per week Address THE TRIIUNE COMPANY, i Corner Madiron Chieago, it AMUSEME MeVicker's Thentre. Madleon sireet, between Deatborn and State, ' " Lgmons.” Haverly’s Thentre. Randolph street, between Clark and LaSsile. i* v angeline.” Adelphi Thentre. 7 Emm street, corner Dearborn, Varlety enters tainmeat. i SOCIETY MEETINGS, m, Ay thelr atoocinekn rada nd tho funcral of our int nigt Quverancenwill b furished from house, !filrlxfilgnn(nrf‘huflcommlfldcrlfl are cours Lot Vit tend, Y, 0} outly tnvltedto stiend; B ofiey 3A8. E. MEGINY, Réc. 5 LLO GE, No. 012, A. F, and A, M, =Mem. MArlrg"l"ml-lé??L thelr lodge room Thuraday, the 15th fllLi, at (‘: ll‘cl;;l\( A, nl‘;“lll‘lnllfl‘l',llflo;s“!r Ll;n‘réfl! of our ks s Y eI NELD, Boe. THURSDAY, MARCH 15, 1877, | Greenbacks nt the New York Gold Exchange Yesterday closed at 0554 | The Illinols Senate yesterday closed {ts doors nd went Into secret sesslon for the firat timo jince 1863, the subject ol all thls attempted brivacy being the nominatfons made by Gov. BEVERIDGE, preslous to his retirement, of mem- ‘sers of the managing bonrds of the State charit- ble institutions. It was & Democratic move, this star-cliamber discussion of matters that have \Iways beretofore been neted upon fn public, ‘ind wholly without success in respect of sc- ‘recy, for our dispatches from Springteld give A full report of the heated - debnto which pre- seded the final rejection by tho Senate of the l)x-(lo\‘m-nm-‘n appointments, ! Aplan for the adjustment of the Soutliern 3tate debts hos been matured by the Committee wppoloted for that purpose some timo nago by ‘he capitallsts of New York. The plan recom- acnded has relerenco to the Tennessee debt,— the New York Committee having had & confer- amce whh the Commlttec appolnted by the ‘ennessce Legislature,—and contemplates the ‘ssuo of new bonds at the rate of 60 per cent of ‘bie agerregate nmount of the princlpal and un- jald fnterest up to July, 1877, the new bond to tc payable In thirty years, and bear interest at ‘he rate of 6 per cent payable semb-annually in ew York,—the Interest-coupons to be recelva- «le for all taxea duo to the State of Tonuessee. A bill was yestereay Introduced in the Iilinols wglisiature mokine it a misdemeanor, punisha- 1v by fine or Imprisonment, or both, for any ommissloner or oflicer intruated with the can. Aruction of any publie work authorized by leg- 1ative enactment to excecd the appropriation otad forsuch purposo or to so slter the plans nd specifications a8 to involve a greater ex- nditure thau that provided-for bylaw in order scomplcte the work. Thoe bill fntenda that ublic ofticlals shall bie hield to a strict accountu- 1lity fu the expenditure of money upon public ulldings and [mpro7emonts, and that o repe- tion of the extravagance and mismanagement annected with the new State-House consiruc- on shall not oceur. It ought to become a law. An express robbery was committed nt Pltts- urg yesterday which for ingenuity and au- ncity has rarcly been surpassed In tho annals tcriminal exploits. In this case the telegraph sok the placc of tho revolver, and electricity aved fustead of bloodshed. The telegraph iro was tapped outside the city, and, by the id of a pocket Instrument, two bogus messages ere scut, by which tho exprcss messenger ‘rned over his car to the thief under what ha ad every reason to suppose were gewuino In- “ructlons to that effect from tho General Su- rintendent ot Plttsburg. The clever ruscals “ho manuged the job realized abont £4,000 for selr palns, and the Express Company are won- cering what new aud unsuspected plan of rob- ry will next bo attempted, The fact that the Scnatorlal prerogative in ard to certaln appolntments fs a thing of tho Mt secms to have becu not entircly compres nded by one of our Illinols Senators, who s Id to labor under the impresslon that the Rht to inslst upon the sclection of tho candi- te of bis choleo Is still recognized by Presl- ‘ot Hates. Our Washington dispatchies tell . 6 colilslor between Senotor Ouressy and kpresentative ALDRICIL on the subject of the otted Statea Marshalship for the Northern lsrfet of HMlnots. It docs wot yet appear hich of the two will carry his point with the ‘esldent, but i we muy judge from the letter aceeptanve and the Inaugural address the atter will not e scttled on tho basis of any- «ly's personal prerozative exeept that of tho esldent of the United States, —————— . The offer of the $4,000,000 or $5,000,000 neces- Ty to pay the army from the 1st of July to se tlwe whep Congress ot {ts regular scaslon, hich beging In December, can pass the noces~ § appropriatlou, hus beon made by o number capitalists who, rather thun have an cx- scsslon of Congress ond s attend- t futevlerence with the restoration of Cquivt fecling in busipess clrcles, stand ady to advance the money to the averament without fterest. President ‘Axzs {avors the sceeptance of this generous Ter, provided the leading Democrats fu Con- ess wiil give ussurauce of their approval and “ir readiness to yote for the refundiug of the oaey prowptly upon the assembling of Cou- eas. Unlesy the arrangement can be mado nerally satlsfuctory in this maoner, It is obuble that an extra scsaloun will be rendered cessary. Jul. INGzusoLL, in his lecture In New York t evening ou “Polltical Questions and An- ‘crs, disapnointed thoe expectations of all ©sa who had put thefr faith in the rumors that 3 celebrated Illnols orator would take this aslon to witiche und oppose the policy of ‘esident Jlaves and bis new Admislstration. - the contrary, ho warmly and eloquently ursed and supported the plan of paciica- m aud scll-governmeunt In the Bouth, arfpiz that the Presldent had taken proper “1 uoble means for briuging about unity and rudslip, and for burylng hatred and discord. vummended the course of Mr. FAvzsin ecting his own Cabluet without reference ta ‘ty ur polities, and expressed entire satlaface 1 with the uppolutments, individuatly and “lectively. In w word, Col. IxoErsoLs ful- el Wls promise to *give the Prealdent the % 14t 0 hiy powey ——e “he Chicago nroduce markets were less active tepday, aud frregular. Mcesa pork closed 15 per bri luwer, ot 81820 seller April aud 45 I843 for May. Lurd closed 10¢ per s lower, ot §5.035@0.05 for April and 10@9.1234 for May. Mcats closed steady, ut % pes W for louss stoulders, 7i§c for do shore HE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: THURSDAY, MARCH 15 1877, Tibs, and Tige for do short clears, Highwines were steady, at $1.04 per gallon. Flour was in falr demand, and steady, Wheae closed 134c¢ lawrer, nt 8123 for March and #1234 for April. Corn closed #c lower, at 383ge for April and 42¢¢ for May, Oata closed firmer, at 82}¢c for April and 3434c for May. Rye was quict, at G@2033ge. Barley clased 1c higher, at Sic for March and 50{¢@5le for April. Hogswere in better demand, and were stronger, closing at $4.50@5.25, Cattla were active and firm, scll- Ing at $3.00@5.50. There was n good demand for sieep, at $3.5023.76. One hundred dollars n gold would buy $104.62}¢ in greenbacks ut the close. A bill was yesterday ordered to a third read- ing in the House nt S8pringfleld known as Giui's Banking bill, which contemplates a thorough and sweeping reform in tho present system of Dank-inspectivn under tho State law, if, indeed, Tllinols can be sald to have any system at all Tha LIl provides for the publication of sworn quarterly statonients which, If true ln all the multitarlous particulars and items required, would certainly make a very complete showing of the condition of the banks apd banking in- stitutions organized nnd doing business under the State law. Provision fs also made for a rigld system of Inspection By the State Auditor, swho 1s Invested with the power to at suy time institute a thorough examination ot the aflalrs ofany bauk, savings, loan, or trust institutlon, and If rottennesa s discovered, to at once take Jegal steps toward bringing its carcer to n sud- den termination. SOUTHERN MACHINE POLITICIANS, The machine politictans of the South are no more kindly disposed towards the President's policy of conciliation than the machino poll- ticlans of the North. Theroare many of the Southern papers, howevery aud among them eowmo of . the most important and influential, which accept the olive-branchin the spirit In which {t {s offered, and are honorable and tnanly enough to walve all opposition, at least until thero hos buen an opportunity to test the vire tues of his policy. The Richmond Whig, for in- stance, which bas been very rampant hitherto, says: "“Tho outlook at the Federal Capitol Is certally very encouraging., ‘The President, In the appointment of bis Cabinel, has certalnly put his foot squarcly down upon the extremists of hisparty. Ie has only to keep it firmly thero to deserve well of the country." Agaln, 1t says It the President admintsters the laws falthully, he will bave but little occasion to fear a factlous opposition to his Administration upon the part of the thoroughly conservativa South. The Richmond Enquirer nlso states that, if tho U'reskient carrles out the polley be has cnunclated, “we would mnot with- hold from him the credit he would deserve.”” The Richinond Despateh, another paper whick has been anything but friendly to Republican prineiples, says: ** We contend fur- ther that it fs the duty of all men who have falth in the principles of the Constitution to zive thelr support to Mr, 1IAves, 08 long as he is falthiul to his own declarations, with alacrity, It is uniy by holding up his hands that his policy can be maintained and carried-out.” There aro pancrs in the South, however, which obstinately refuse to aceept any tueasures of concilintion, and smart and growl as viclously at the Harns Adwinistration as they did at the Grant. The New Orleans LPlicayunc {s one of this class, and its coursc of opposition is {n striking contrast with tho manliness and dignity of the Times, printed fn the same city. The Moble Llegister says: “We know of no promlise made by the Hepubllcan party which has ever been con- sidered sacred by that party after the supposcd unecessity which called it forth has passed away, In all its deallnge with the South it has proven itselt crafty ns a fox, cruel ns a wolf, and perfidious as o cat.” Even the Louisville Courier-Journal has the un- fultness to nccuso tho Presfdent of weak- ness, and to intlnate that he cannot carry out Liis policy, beforo e lins had an opportunity of testingz {t3 ond thereare two Northeen papers, the Chicngo Times and Clnclunatl Enquirer, which, for ths sake ol bolstering up the Bouthern mal- contents, continue to fill thelr colutuns with the most mallclous aud brutal sssaults upon the President and his policy. ‘Tha reason which Inspires these opponcnts to attack the pacifie policy of the President - Is ap- porent at a glance. It Is nut opposition to him, but tho fear of the consequences which may ariso trom conciliation that {s urging them on to this desperate and despleablo course.. ' 1n order to malntain a solld white man’s party, based on color-projudices, they prefer to excifico harmo- ny, peace, and order in thelr States. Rather than have the divisions In partica which would grow out of conciliatfon, tlieso Southern radi- cals, allied with the Chlcago Zimes and Clncln- nat! Lnqulrer, denounca the polley fn advance, ond scek to belittlo the President by misropre- schting his plans and attributing to him falso motives. At the Dbottom of thelr mali- clous assaults fs the fear that parties In the Bouth may be divided without regard to ths color-line, I tho polley of Mr. HAYES were to Increase the political power of the leaders of the exclusive white party, every ono of thesa papera would beloud in its tavor, But his policy can- not effect thls, and so, rathier than havo a natural divislon of party lines, they prefer to sacrifice peaco and harmonyand the well-belng of the Bouth, They prefer to keep up the conflict against tho negro, to mass the whites agalust biny, to strip him of his rights, and thus compel the Federal Government to como to his defense, #o that they may ogain nrralen it as tho enemy of the white population, and hurl the old charges of tyrauny against {t. Thoy wish to forcs the IIAves Administration Into that very pollcy for which they have been so in- dustriously denouncing the GraNT Administra. tion, and, now that a contrary conrsc bas been taken, tle President is denouuced asa hypo- erlto and cheat by the whole pack, headed by the Chicago Zimes. It shows that the machine politicians In both partics, North ns well as South, inld the spolls above the public good; that they would prefer to have the Government go back to tho bayonet and gunboat policy, so that they can antagonizo It; that thoy have no caro for the good of the uegro, no desire for conclllution; that thelr first and Jast desire fs office uud power. . ELECTING A PRESIDENT. 3Ir. Trostas HARE has long been knowniu England as a writer upon the subject of popu. Jarelectlons, flis aim has been to discover somis plan whercby the popular will can bo definltely nscertalned amd carrled out in every election, 1Hls theory bns been that this cod can best by secured Ly tho alternative system of Yoting,~that Is to say, that eachvoter shull have ho privilege of vaming on his ticket tho pawes of as muny candldates for an oftlce 83 be thinks proper, these naimes to bo counted In the order of preference; that when the vote for candi- dute Nu. 1 shall fall to elect that pesson, then Iy shall be counted for candidate No, £, and so on.” This gentlemau has prepared and bas had pub- lished In a New Yorl: paper a plan for electing President and Viee-President of the United States, Bubstantlally, this plan Is that each of the ten milllons of voters in the United States shall vote direet for President, und shall name on tho ballot, In the order of preference, all candidates to whom his vote shall be transferred in case the vote shall fall to elect tho first. Thus the voter shall deposit a vaper with uames thereon numbered 1, 2,3, 4, 5, 6, aud soon, Upou counting the whole ballots, {f No. 1 fail of a majority, thea the ballot shall be counted for No. 2, and, If insufliclent to elect him, then to No. 8. 1n this way the canvasscrs arc to sift all tho ballots given in the Unlted States until they are all counted for two persons, and that condidate baving the greatest number shall be declared Prestdent, and tuo one having tho next bighest shall be Vice-President, It s bardly worth while wasting time to discuss this plun of electing Prestdent. Tho learued author evl- dently wrote Iu blissful ignorauce of the politi. cal system of the United States, in the abscuce of any knowledye as to the existenco of State orgunizations, and ol the whole elvction busie ness of this country. Ju Englang the only clec- tlons they have ure for members of Parlia- meat, chosen once in geven years, and by districts with a limited namber of yoters. In tho United States wo—have on an average two regular clections every year: and in the cours: of four sears there 1s a polit- feal revolutlon accomplistied at the ballot-box, in which every ofticer from Constablo to Pres- dent fs chiosen,—some of those officers chosen eeveral times within that term of four yeara. Inn the State of Iliinals there aro annual clec- tlons, at which some 2,800 officers are elected s In addition, thera aro perhaps 600 elected biennlally, and this number is Increased atlll moraat the quadrennial elections.. Bubstantlally the samo thing occurs fn all the other States. A people who are thus Indoctrinated with the theory of wholesale clections as often as possible will not probably llsten to this philosophical method, wholly Inapplicable and Impracticable to any form of clection in this country. It may be accepted as afixed fact that no amendment can be made to the Constitution which will deprive tho States of thelr weight in the cholce of President resulting from the 8en- atorial representation, or that any amendment can be adopted which will take from the States s xpevific number of votes (or Prestdent. Five of the New England States have s population entitling them to seventeen Representatives In Cougress. They arc, however, entitled to twen- ty-seven votes for President, while Illinols, with nincteen Representatives, has but twenty-onc votes for Prestdent. This incident of the Stato orgaulzations will never be surrendered, nor can Itever be abolished, and this vrecludes, shiuts out of possibllity any auch thing as tho clection of President by tho sggrogate popular vote of the country., Wiila thero is general disaatis- faction with the machinery of the Electoral Col- lece, and {ts abolishifient would be aceepted without regret, still the apportionment to each Btatoof a particular number of Electoral votes will always be fnslsted upon, especially by. all tho Bouthern States. The ouly plan yet deslsed by which the Electoral College may be dispensed with, und yet setaln for cach Stale Its proportionato uumber of votes for President, Is that proposed by Mr. BucrALEw, of Pennsylvania, which prosidea that thovoters of cach State shall yote dircctly for President, and that the Electoral vote to which the State Is entitled shall be awarded to the candtdates in tho proportfon that the popu- far vote given to cach shall bear to the whole vote of the Stute. This plan, though fully practicable, hins some disadvautages which render it imperfect, and this leaves as tho only other plan that of Sen- ator Montox, under which the Electors in cach State shall be chosen, two by the people ab Iarge, and the others by Congressional districts. ‘This plan, us orizinally proposed, retained tho apuointment of Electurs, but Mr. MonroN has slnce then, we belleve, reached the conclusion that the machinery of the Electors is wholly unueccasacy. ‘The voters In cach district can vote dira tly for President and Viee-Presldent, and the condidate having a majority In thot dis- trlct will be credited with one vote, and who- ever had the majority in thowhole State would be credited with the tivo votes at large. The most serious objertion to this plan Is, that partisan majorities In tho State Legislature tay sv apportion the Congressional districts ns to give an undine number of districts to tho party controlling the Legislature, This I3 frequently found to bo true In the matler of eteeting Congressmen, but nevertheless, taking the country all through, the average is aboul the same. * Whatever advantages are enjoycd by one party in a State aro offset by thosoIn nn- other State. 'Tbus I1AY8s had 100,000 votes In Kentucky, whilothe Democrataclected all ten of the Congreasmen, and fu Indiana Tinpex had majorlty, andonly four Democrats were clected to Congress out of thirteen to which the State was entitled, The equalization the country through would ho s falr one, particutarly os tho ma)ority in'the State would have the two votes at large. Moreover, partlsan apportionments are a very uncertaln game. Majoritica generally grasp ot too much, and any trifllng changoe in public sen~ tinzent tnay tuen the schemo to tho advantago of the opposfng party. Wo elect the House of Representatives by this systamias the falvest that cau be devised, after a long experlence, and the votes for President might be as sccurely and saluly determined by the'satne machiloery, It ls to be haped that Congress, fully apprised of the dangers of the present aystem, will ot an carly daty mature some reform {n the anner of clecting President, » PAPEL-NONEY IN EUROPE. Thelatest experlinents in Europe I frredeem- able paper-moncy ure rapldly sketched by Victon Boxset, the well-known Frenen politl- ¢al cconomlat, In n recent number of tho fevus dea Leuz Mondes, M. BoNNET's articlo fs based ou a report mady to the ltallan Government by a Parliamentary Commisslon composed of Misonerrs, onco Minister of Finance, and an ItaMan suthority in political economy, and Fixant, o former Minlster of Agriculture and Commerce, ApAM 8wiTit onve sid thata nation might as well o towarwith papergunsas withpapermouey. The monctary factsof the hls- toryol Europe slncelils day show that the strong- cst temptatiuns to uss forced and frredeem- alle currencles have come In thne of war In the Contincntal wars waged by England from 1707 to 1810, paper-moncy was uscd, and the ro- sumption of specle-payments was not accom- plished il 1821, Russla fought the Alllca with paper guus fu 1854 and 1835 [n the Crimea, and, n M. BoxxEt's opinton, will bs compelled to re- sort ogaiy to tha same cxpensive cxpedient { war breaks vut between her and Turkey, The fullure tast fall of the attempt to place on tho Bouracs of Europe o Russlan Joan of £00,000,000 rubles makes 1t certaln that uelther the toTus- ciLps nor any of thelr fellow-capitalists will advance Hussia any money. The irredecmablo currency Austria atill has dates from tho war with Italy and France In 1639, and was swelled by the war with (lermany fu 183%. That of Italy was crested In the lotter year, and atill exists to perplex Ity Parlisment and politl- cal economists. The *blood-stalned” green- back was the next fllustration of tha pover- money teudencles of war; Frauce, fn its war with Germany, gavo another justance,; and tho latest wos the spectacls of Turkey tighting with paper-moncy aguinst Servia and Monte- negro. The methods of emlasion have varled constderably, In Italy and Austria thers hos Leen a mixed system of lssuo by the banks and the State. All the paper-money of Russia has emauated, whether froin bauks or the Treasury, indorsed by tho Uovernment. France Is almost the only country using frredcemablo paper- money in which the Government bas not been o direct fasucr of it. Of course the Bank pf France lssued the paper under the -authority of the Uovernment, and to procure the Gove erument the lowns ft needed to carry on the war; but thu distinction between the Government aud the Bank is not un unmeaning ong. It bas leit tho management of the finances ot the country to o larzo extent jn the hands of the Bank, ana VicTox BoNney iell says that, it ull the forces put Into the feld by France had been as well manazed a3 the admintstration of the finances of the Bank, the results of the war might have been different, . The report of Mix- auettt and FiNawg Is devoted mainly to an exposition, for the enlightenment of the Ttaltan public, of the juconvenfences and dangers of Irredeemable paper-money, They, lika the Becretary of the Treasury, the Committeo of Wuys und Means, and the members of Congress who created the United Btates legal-tetder, can tolerate i ouly as w militury necessity, like the sheddiug of human Llood. As war approathes, gold snd sllver begin to be hoarded; war makes 8 zap in the clreulatiou that muet be artiticlally flled; 1 the second place, the cxpenses of war can be wnet I the prescat state of Hseal scicaco only by borrowlng; and, when o natlon's existeuco ls threatened, & forced loan is often the unly one that {s practicable, Whetber the best or the cheapest, it tho end, the eaalest form of forced loau i thy issue of lrredeemable paper. In this way Italy got 007,000,000 francs for the prosecu~ tlon of the war with Austria. To obtain this sum by the salo of bunds—the Italian 5 per cent was then quoted at $0—would have made an juterest-beurng debt of 1,170,000,000 francs, fustcad of ‘the 007,000,000 of red- interest-bearlng paper. fs, that the bonds conld not have heen marketed at all, The margin of 270,000,000 franca do not represent tho difference in favor of paper-money. As the Italian report demone strates, those non-interest-besring forced loana do not really save money; they must be re- garded simply as herole measures to save the Government. The Government loses in the rlee of prives much more than the interest. Mixanerriand FINALT wrote thelr paper to con- vince tne Itallan people that the frredecmable paper-moncy that war had bred was too danger- ous to be sllowed to extst any longer In timo of peace. Victor BoxNET repeats tho lesson to the French, and we put it to tho publlc of this country that the time has como for the dis- appearance of the war-begotten, panle-produc- g, irredeemable legal-tender. VICE-FRESIDENT W VHEELER. The new departure ot the t'resident in dectd- Ing to invite and admit the Vice-President tothe Cabinet councils Is not only a mark of honor to Mr. WiEsLER, but it will prove of great Im- portance In carrying out the measures of the Admintstration. While he will not be invested with 2 portfolin, hie will still come fnto tho councilsof the President as a friendly and famli- laralviser, It I8 without doubt a violationof tho traditions, the Vice-Presidents asn rule having been strangers to the Wilte House, and laving nbout the same degre of influcnco fn shaplng the policy of the Adminlstration that a Benator haz,—perhaps not even so much, But the Pres- fdent just now Is engaged i violatiug a great many traditons of oftlechiolding, and In this par- tienlar Innovation- there are many good reasons to show {that he las taken a very judiclous step, 1s the constitutional successor of tho President in care of the latter's deatly, resignation, or im- peachment. It is eminently fitting, thercfore,. that he should play some part In staping the measurcs of the Administration of which ho may some day bo the hicad, that ho should hava perfect sympathy and acquaintance with tho Cabinet, and that In all questions appertaining to the mcasures of the Administration his friendly advice shonld be sought, This new stepof the Presldent's Is peculfarly commenida- bl in the caso of My, Wurcien, e fs cmi- nently fitted to be & Cabinet advlser. Hels clear, cool thinker, a man of excellent judg- ment, and not glven to frivolitics of any sort. It will be remembered that three years ago he was at the head of the Commisslon that went to New Orlcans when the White-Liners lad overthrown Keoutoaa, quelled the tumult, pacified the malcontents, and restored order out of chaos. He is the mau of all others, therefore, who should luwe the smne tasle Intrusted to him now. It la pratliying to know that, after the Scunate hoa adfourncd, as one of the first results of his new relations to the President’s counclls he will visit Loulsiana and the South ngaln upon a similar erramid. dJudzed by his past experiencee, by the nature of the report which he then made, and by the per- sonal Interest which he liss in tho success of the Adwministrution poliey In Loulsfana, his miseton will'te succesaful agaln, and will vindicate the good judgment af tha Prestdent {n bringing him Into closer affiliation with tho Adminlstration and fts measures, Ills observations in the South will form a basla unon which the Prest- dent and the Cabloet can arrive at decislons that will go far towards earrying out the President’s policy of paciflcating the South as laid down In his tnaugural, THE VANDERBILT WILL. The disposition of the VANDpERBILT Will sult mnrks a new cra in tho history of this form of Iitigatlon. In England it is rare that wills ars broken unless there Is some glaring defect In them, but in this country it {s the rule to von- test cvery will Involving any considerable amount of property, Tho VANDERDILT caso | was to bave been opeacd on Tucsday last. The partles to the sult appeared in court with thelr retiuue of lawyers, ‘The proponcnts’ counscl announced themsclves as ready to procoed, whon tho aeven lawyers for tho contestants, ConNeLius VANDERDILT e! al., arose serialim, and asked to withdraw thelr objections to the whil and bavo them expunged from the record. ‘The Court immediatety granted the request, the Icttars testamentary wero made out, and Mr, Wieniase H. VARDERBILT, as cxceutor, took the oath to carry out bis duties falthfully, and the great will caso was at an end. The lawyers had recelved handsome retaluers, and made o pgoud thing out of it. Mr. Evants, for traveling from Waskington to New York, attending court onu hour, and asking one ques- tlou, recelved the snug sum of 250,000, and vthers In proportion, with duties equally lght, So far ay the attorneys were coneerded, 16 was o Jegal bonanza. 8o far ua the parties to tho will were concerned, it waa also 8 deslrable ar- rangement. Tho contestants have undoubts cdly recelyed o houdsome consideration from Mr, Witcast H, VANDERDILT in view of thelr accenting tho will apd allowing it to bo probated, aud have saved themsclves s Kreat deal of annoyance and troubls in breaking thowill. Mr. VANpERDILT has also saved hiin- self an inmense amount of trouble. There cer- tainly was an opportunity for a vigorous on- slaught upon awill nadg by o man of over four- acore under the Influcnces of s favorite son. It there wero sny unfairness in the will, It would certainly have been discovered. 1f thero wero any famnily scandals involved In It, they would have been dragged to the light and pube lished farand ncar, with all tho exazgerations that attend such publications, More important than wll clsc, tho VANDEANILY fortune wasa rich harvest for lawyers' plckings. 1f the will hud been contested at all, the contest would have been a bitter nnd stubborn one, It would have been fought tooth and nail, from court to court, with the advantazes of the techulealities that ‘such an eminent lawyer as Mr. Evanrs and -such a cunnhyg and consclenceless lawyer a1 Davip Duprry FieLd could briug to bear, By the time tho caso was finished, how muvh of the will woulll have Leen left for either side to enjoyl Looking ot the matter from all shiles, it scoms that 3r, WiLLiax Il VANDERDILT has acted very judlefously, A1l partles have e doubtealy received more than they would If the sult had been carried ou, There will bo a better fecling among the inembers of the family, and much scandal has been avolded. If all will-suits were settled o this manner it would bo credit- ablo to public morahty, however disastrous It might prove to lawyers' pockets. THE CAMERON FAMILY, Some years ago tho Leglslature of Pennsylva- nla created a new county and called it Cameron. Thut the name of the State husnot been changed to Cameron s due, perhaps, to the revercuce of old Bryox for tho memory of WiLniax PeNN, Perhaps no man i this country has cver ob- tained such an overshadowing control of o Stato o8 that excreised so Joug by SnIoN CaMERON. $le began political life as the edltor of & Demo- eratic newspaper, first st Doylestown and after- ward at Harrisburg, but that ficld was too small for him. Ho becawe o banker, engaging ot the samo time (n railroad and other coterprises, (n ol of which, it may be sald to lis credit as a skiltful overator, ho never lost anything, but laid the foundations of his present furtune, In 1845 bo Induced tho Leglslature to clect him to the United Htates. Scosts to fill & vo- cancy, His term . explred oy 1840, In 1856 the Btats = voted for DVEStuinay and elected @ - Democratley I8 "Hature, Joun W, FORNEY was tho caucus hol \ace for Scnator, but, when the yote was takej, Sixox Canrrox was elceted, having satisied a num- ber of the Democratic wembers that b was the better man of tho two., At the Chicago Con- vention in 1800 he controlled tho vote of Penn- sylvauls for himself for President, but was not a8 powertul over tho delegations from other States. In 1862 hc was made Secretary of War by Mr. LixcoLy, who nest year appointed him AMinister to Russia and mude Mr, STANTOX Beor retary of War. e did not go to Russta, but In 1807 expressed a wish to be Benator, and the Legislature elected him, which act they re- peated in 1873. Durivg the whole period from 1861 to tho prescnt day he has controlled the Federal patronaze and the politics of Pennayl- vaufa. A year and a balf sgo be induced Freaf- Dut _the * probability Tho Vice-President, bost quality. thery fs nodanger whatevor of fira from the clec. tric candies, in forty large ¢ ddstined, many belior that will be used In i: manufactories, by night oa well as by day by meaus of tho now 1ight, sincoithas almost & sunlike ¢loarness and It is ¢, €, P. Hovoey, & Ring momber of the County Board, and not Mr, Cuantes N, lotbzy, gladdest to years, will bo mada Colluctor of Cuustoms st Charles. dent GRANT to appolut his gon, J. D, CAMEROY, Secretary of War, and now, having roached 78 years, ho hos resigned his aeat in the Senotc He communicated hifs wishea to the Legialature, and ecnt his son The members of the Legista- turo asked young CAMenox i he wanted to be clected; ho #ald that he did; forthwith the party went into caucus, and every member pres- In favor of his =on. to Harrlsburg. ent cxcept one voted that CasmEroN, Jr. b glected to succeed his father. This s the nearest approach to inheritable honors that has occurred in Amerlean politics, . It {s A common thing for some of the proprietary familles In England to bave the younger sons of the famtly elected to Partlament from boronghs controlled by them. The sclcctlon of his son to succeed him in the Benate, snd the unanimous obedlonce of the Legislature to tho seclection, shows the proprietary power exercised by the venerablo Bimox CAMERUN over the Stateof Pennsylvania, There have been hard things sald and published concerning 81MoN CAMeroN, but through his long life, and all his bitter personal and politi- cal contests and struggles, he has been able to obtaln from the Legislaturces of Pennsylvania anything and everything which ho asked or rc-, quired. Itfs not probnble, however, that the powers of the Casenons will survive tho founder of the family. 1Ie owes his success to his peculiar gifts, and when he ahall pass oft tho stage it {s not probable that the Leglslature will remain fn the control of the family. PROMISEE AND PERFURMANCES, Every Republican Senator anil Representative In Congress of any prominence svowed, during the Presidential canvass, his beliet In the neces- #lty of a reform In our Civil Service, aud his ap- probation of Gov. flares letter of acceptance upon that polnt. Bo strongly did the current of publfe oplnion set In that direction that such an avowal was nceessary to sccure a hearlug. That, however, was profeasion, which is choap and casy. Nuw comes the time for putting those professions Into practice, which it 18 dis- covered Is much more dificult. The President has ‘emphasized the genulnencss of his profes- slons by a resolute clfurt to at onco executo and carry them out. He has in'the sclection of his Cabinet disregarded mere partisan scryiees, and, bas based his appointments upon the ftndss of the men for.tho positions to which they bave been assigned. This rule he proposes to carry out In the appolutments which arc to follow. He proposes to determine the question of removal from and appoiutients to ofllee, not solely upon reference to the wishes of Congressinen or Scnators, but upon the np- plieation of tho test of fitncss for the place., ‘Flie rocommendations mode by Congressinen nro geaerally not placed upon oven us higha nlane as services to the party, but upon the aclfish and narrow consideration of partisan and coucus scrvices rendered and to be remlered to ' the Individual member. Reconnncndations’ of such o choracter have hitherto licen so potentlal that the great majority of the oflices have been flled ot tho dictatlon of these mombers by thelr personal friends and adhcrents, Fitness for the position las been o secondary con- sfderatlon,—zersunal subserviency hns been the fivst. This system, if thoroughly broken up, will do more toward purlfylng the public acrvice than auy other one method of reform, ‘The polut which President Ilares bas thus at the outsct assalled is tho cltadel of political corruptfon. If he earries that, the outposts fall with {t. It Is preciscly bero that o most needs popular support. Ile shonld at unca recelve It, and a vigorous expression of publle oplnlon sus- talulng him will not only strengthen his hands, but wiit lead all thoso from whom auy scrious trouble inay bo expectod to aceept the situation gracefully. Buch a reform will not weaken tho varty. It will strengthen and peroetuato (b, Tho Post ought lo s encoursged In the practlce of gibes and encers, provided tho truth s not altogethier sacrificed. fee Reform idea In this country w &itha late Hon, Tnoxas A, Jxnckes, Member o fCongress from Tho father of the Civil-Sorr- Jthodo Ialand, Iis powerful repcrisin favorof the syatem firstattracted public attentlon to the subJect. Next toblm, the man most entitlod to credit i Geonas Wittax Cuntis, After the lat- tee comer CantSqurnz and Judge Trusnyiy, to whosa efforts the canae 1s greatly Indebted. Wehad suppoaed the intellizent cditor of the Post knew that Gen. A, J. PLEAsONTON was the man who dis- eovared the virtues of **bluc glass;™ and that Col. Crirvonn Titoxrson, of tha Now York Jail, wa the writer who recently brought to publlc notice, through tho columns of Tuz Tamuxg, the alleged curative properties of the asasocisted whito and blae rays of lght, Whataver credit ar glory Is not appropriated by them holong, without contro. versy, to tha Posl, together with a monopoly of tho telephons, and therewith §t should bo content, e ————— % A now light thot promiscs fnn large measure to anperscdo gas n tho streots bas of Iato bean suce cossfally applied n severat vixces in Germany agd Trance. Bticks of charcoal surmounted by gl isolating matter, which: slowly moits awsy, aro consumcd by efectricity, With two of thess elecs tric candles, it {s clalmod, u light cqual to that of 100 gas-jets may bo thrown ona stroet. The cost {aabout half that of yus, and tho Ught s of the 1t also han tha recommendation that The new lizhit has been fntroduced blishments In France, and Ia to be soon the only light 40 rooms, publio places, and Outdoor work can bo carried on Infensity, ACUcrman papor, speaking of the inven? tlon, says: **Wo aro ovidently onthe ovoof as great arevolation lu Highting as when gas supersed- ed oll lamps and tallow candics,™ . e A Springteld dispatch yestorday stated that *4flmNny Unzenenava Is horo urging the appotnt. mentof 8, H, AcCnra as & Weat-8ldo Commis. sloner, vice ¢, N, IfoLprx." This 8 arroncous, Wwho ls & Weal-Sldu Park Comdilasloner. Tho 2if. forence between thu men ls very great, although thelr surnamen aro ailke, Kx-Gov. AtkeN, of South oling, who was amonys the most roluctant to sccede, and among the cturn, but who has been acting with alnet the carpet-baggers for & fow the Democral ton, itls reported. dent laves' policy, e e — e cordlally supports Fresis The Davenport Gasette suggests 1o THR Cuioano TRt Tk s neetheion Ty he Sonh mang T plbilcana fs 6f kol concqucnve, And Tuk TRIBUNE sujgests to tho Gasette that Prosldent Haves 19 taking the beat way of dofng it, He seciunto bave pacitod the Nopublicans of New Iampalitre considerably already. S S ot A PERSONAL Thoe Homan's Journat declares with a flourlaly that P'resident Haycs belleves In woman-suffrage. Nobody s asked to bellevs that tho vleit of ex- Senator Fenton (o Soutn Carolina has uo polltieal algnidcance. . oston 19 going to have a brilllant ball In ald of the O1d South on the evening of Aprll 0. Tho colonial and revolutionary famllies have (aken tho matier up, Ex-tiov, Stanford, of Callfornla, has ordered a $20,000 plcture from Blerstads, a $10,000 ono from J. B, lrvlog, and 83,000 ones from W, Il Beard and Jamos 1, Weard each. When somebody asked Offonbach it Bonn was not This birthplace ho repliod calmly: ** You are con- founding two different mcu. It was Deethoven who was boru at Bonn. I was born at Cologoe, ™ S*AL, oy child," sald Brigaoll 10 the itle Abe boit, **1will sing for you for $300 a night." ** But, " sald the surprised littlo donna, you sing for othcrs for $300 n weck."” ** . tero cara mila, but that is in concert; in opera, nevaire,” A mag named Tanacbaun loft Now York four years ago with §200,000 worth of dlamonds which ho bad obtained on falso pretesses from jowelry- Brws in Malden Lane, Last week hls brother dis- appoared undor shailar clrcumstances with $40,000 worth of jewelry, A dorrespondent st Marshall, Mich., wants to kpow the practics in regard to the copyright of pocwns or srifclcs that appear frst In magazioe or periodical form. Wa belleve this is largely a matter of privato agraement belween publishers sad contributors, In tlio ubeeuco of Wuy agrec- uent tu the contrary, the owanere of perjodicals Sy by A b7 Tk ey Focee 1o g tarcag {bo wsual forwalliles ub Watliuion. % s CALIFORNIA. Facts in Regard to Her Great Agricultural Wealth, A Carefully-Prepared Letter from “ The Tribune's" Own Speoial Correspondent, . Information of Value to Those Sacking New Homes in the Waest, Marvelous Produnotiveness of the San Joaquin Valloy---One of the Most Favored Spots on the Globe, The Climate of Northern Italy Combined with the Most Productive Soil in tho Worlds Erroneous Impresgions of Enstern Pcople Regarding the Golden State, The Cost of Living in California Actually Less than in the East. Bomo Items of Intorest Concerning Hor Financial and Business Affairs. TIHE PACIFIC COAST. AGRICULTURAL RESOURCRS, Hpectul Coryespondence f The Tribune, BN Francisco, March 7.—80 much has been written upon the glorles of Yoscnite, and the othier marvelous things iy nature with which Californ'a nbounds, that I cannot hope to Iu- Btruct or amuse your readers with these sub- jects, concerning which most people are nuw pretty well Informed. Nor have I such an over- weening ambition to send you what is termed racy correspondence,” or to descend to notty persunalitics and slander for iny tople, as sever- al correspondents of Eastern niewspapers lave anne, notably o Now York Journal or high standing, which can{ll afford the roputation it fa galug by the unwarranted stincks of its correspondent onfndividuals, Rather than that, I will run' the risk of Lélug. prosy, with the hope, however, of conveying correct information coucerning this wonderful country and {ta resources, and {f it shall help o correct the erroncous lhinpressions of Eastern poople regarding Californta, Iwill he satlsficd. It is anticioated by gentlemen com- petent to form a tolerably corrcet oplulon on the subject, that emimation from the Eastern and Interfor States to tho West will be greater this coming epring and summer thay for several years past. Thousands will bo drawn to the newly-dlscovered gold reglions of the Black ills, other thousands to Texas, Colorado, Kan- sus, and Nebraska, and doubtless as mauy more will bo attracted to these shores. Sonio fow may find fortunes In tho Ilills, but the greater nuwmber, 1 fear, will meet with nothing but dis- appoluntment. Buch s tho fate of miners. The scttlers of Texas and of the States borderiug the Plalns may possibly dlscover lands as rich astho famed prairies of Iltinols, but will thoy not also find soclety in o disorgavized atate, thelr products far from a market, and prices-of all articles of necessley hight I feel suro that could these thousands foresee tho danger, tho toll, the sacrifices thoy must endure, they would seck fortunc and liome in some more geninl clime, Colifornia offors such 2 INCOMPARADLY ONEATER INDUCEMENTS to the sctticr, cspeclally the farmer and me- chantc, that I am at a loss to know why its rich lands aro not more rapldly taken up,and can only ascribo it to thut stubbornness of popular opinfon which in the East stlll reganis Calitornia - 28 @ great mining camp, the chicf population red-shirted minors, and Its principal products, other than gold and sliver, picturosque moun- talns oud mammntoth trees, where the cost of llving (s cxcesatvely high, ond soclety but little removed from the scml-barbarous. Bo difer- ent are the real facta that {t secms unnccessary to offer a scrious contradiction, and yet when [ asserty ns I most unqualificdly do, that the rights of Ml and property arv hicld as sacred here as in Illinols; that crime {s no more prev- alent; that tho laws arv aawholesome, and even better udminlstered; that all classcs llyo not only better but cheaper here than lke classes In tue East; that wages ave higher, times better, the sull more productive, aud the climats tho moat delightful in tha world, I have no doubt many of your readers will belicve mo gullty of groas cxaggeration. It must be rcmembered that Californlals comparatively an old Btato, It was adwitted into the Untori fu 1830, It has now a popila- tlon of three-quarters of a mililon, who do not differ materially from tho Inbabltants of the Northwestern Btates, having tho same respect for other's rights, the same regand for forms of law, and s great attachment for rellgion and education. Theso people are scattered overn country as great In arca as 1llinols, Wiscousln, and Miesizan comblued, but eyen in the sparso- 1y inhabited minlog regions of the State ono is rcx(ccur aafe to como and go {f ho but “nfuds his own business;" whilo in the inore frequent. ed reifons it is na safe to travel ss anywhers in the United States. A generation has passed since the revolver was tho arbiter of personul differences, Tho roughs of other days have !mmcd uway, and tho coirt records show_crimo 0 bo no_inore prevalent thanin tho Eustern Btates, So that the scitler does not now find hero o nuw vountry In thesense that Western Kansas, Nobraska, and the Territories are now, whero the immigrant must take his Juw, religlon, und schools with him (f he would havo cither, and where hie st walt yeurs 30 be sure rounded by those eivllizing fuflicoees which ho left in the Eaat. Californla, as [ havo sald, has imd through its novitiate, and, with its popu- [ation princil ll{ of Eastern aud New Kngland people, offers all the protection to new-comers wndall the advantages which they leave {n the East, What nccdless sacritlees of health, come fort, and soclety many endure to make homes on the cold, inhospltablo pralties of the Far West, when, {t they hut kuow it, hero n an old Btate, where socicty is scitled, under tho most benfem skies in tho world, a cllinato the most Tiealthful, with u soll unsurpassed in productive- ness, homes uy bo bad us cheaply as in the States bordering the great plaine. ~ But this WIDESPREAD LACK OF KNOWLEDGE concerning the wealth of . Californla sofl s L)urhnpl not 80 much to be wondered at, since it as been only within o few vears that Califor- nla homselver appreciated jts worth, The ttlers wern all muuers. ‘Chey had lrtle di ion foragriculture, In fuct, 1t was gen- emm.muewd tliat but & very swall portion of thy coll would produce crops, and when placer- nining begon to give out thers were not a few wlho helieved tha country would soon agaln ro- vert to cattle and wild horses, There was no similarity {n soll or climato with what they left i the Eust, conscquently the firat who tried the experiment of fanmlog” met with disappolut- ment. They tried to sow aud plant In April and May when tho ralns wore over, aud they found thelr Soung crop @ wonth later, with all other vmemlou, juthe sere wud yellow leaf. They Dad to learn by experfence that winter was the :f‘d time aud spriug the harvest, aud this took me, " Tl‘m bulk of the farming lands of Callfornis ics in TUR THO GREAT VALLEYA OF TUE SACRAMENTO AND TUE AN JOAQUIN, Eacramento Valley {s forty miles wide, lying between the Slerra Nevadas sud Coast Range, uxwmlln% north and south sowe 400 wmilcs, with an area of over 5,000,000 acres. Ban Joaquin Valley is about the sume width, between the saine wwountain ranges, exteodingto uear tho southern boundary of the State, and Las an ara- ble arca, {ncluding the foot-hllls and the 8 er mountain valleys, of over 18,000,000 ucre Besides thesy, there are numeruus small valloys near tho coast and Leyond tho Bicrras probubly equally weil adapted to agrleuiture. Northern Callfornla—that fs 0 say, Bacra- weuto Valley and the counties adjacent to jt— baa a very wild climate s compared with the Eastern Btates. It 1s visited by Irosts aud some Ught suowa fu winter. The séwl-tropleal fruits o not flourish there, excepl In certaln favored lewalitics, hut wheat, all grains except corn, and all the friits of the tenperate Zone grow n the grestest luxuriousness, * Forty and ity “bush- cls to the aere is not an uncommon yield far wheat. Vegetables grow to mammoth propor- gm‘m. and fruit-trees are wonderfutly prolifle, n THE BAN JOAQUIN VALLEY, including Tulare and Kern Valleys, are the gar- den of the Btate. tasoll is the rlchest and ita climate the moat kindly, It will produce every product of the temperate zone, and cvrzrfl.llln grown in seml-tropical vountrles as well, an You may see vullon, oranges, leinons, limes, al- monds,” English walmits, ollvcs, apricots, peachies, quinces, fizs which bear Lwo crops a year, nectarines, and pomegranates, growing, caldlo wheat, oats, coru, apples, pears, cherrius, strawberries, and all the fruits and gralns pecul- lar to the Northorn States, The yickd Is cnor- mous, both fn_size and quantity, and crops ara tiever troubled with Lhe Insect pests so common on grain and fruit-trees it the East, Tho farm- erhere requires notmore than half the ground that Is needed In the East. Forty ncres of Call. fornln soll wiill produce double as much as the same area {u Iilinols, and, {f he desires, the farmer may grow two crops o year. TIHE RAINS Vegin in October, Tho mrass nmlnfn ny. and nature dofls tts suit of brown, with which it hus heen clad slnce carly suminer, Plowing be- ins in December, and the sowing and planting Is done ns soon a8 the ground can be muda ready. After the middie of Apell the ralns ceasg, and soon the harvest cominences. The whole harvest season s withont ratn, and the furmer never knows what it 18 to loso his crop, the result of months of toll, by a singlo storin, a8 have many Eustern husbaudmen, In fuut, Tie need be (A ho urry about. rcmu\‘mfr liscrons from the fleld, aml, when threshed, wheat [s bagged and most always lofton the wround until marketed, Expensive rranarles are not re- quired. Potatoes need not be dug uutd the rainy scason beging ngain, and beets nnd some other yegetables will keep_growing, 32 undis- turbed, for soveral years, . Fruts of all kinds arc kept longer than in the East without deeay, annlnfi here is unattended by the toll, ansie- tles, and loss so inseparable from farming clsc- where, To bs sure, a dry winter will come sometimes, and then crops will partiatly fall,but. the wise farmer will Lave provided ngainst sich an emergency with the means ot frrigation, which may be bad at littlo trouble or cost. In the San Joaquin Valley FHOSTS NEVEI COME, and this Is truo s well of the lower part of Sace rainento Valley and the regton about Sun Frane cisco, with occasional exceptions. Trupical flow- ersand rare cxotlcs, which with us In Chicazo are confined to the conscrvatorics of the few, here grow out of doors, and bloom the whote year ‘round. Even In 8an Francisco, callas, camelltas, hellotropes, and roaes aro as common ont-of-door Howors as are violots In Chicazo, and they bloom winter and summer tae same. A fow days since, I saw In the handsome grounds vi” Mr, ¥, MucCrellish, of the Atta, » ncliotropoe ten years old, that had grown to bo twelve [eet high andsix feet In alameter through the follage, and this fa not a rure or exceptional case. The amazing fecnndity of the soil las not surpriscd tne more than its sdaptabillty to such n vaat varloty of products. The farpicr hos a wide range from which to choose. If hie should fear whwat would be unprofitable, ho can try cotton with ecqual surcty of a bountiful crop, or he can ralse tha sugar beet, whien produces a larger percentago of suzur than in rraucceor he may plaut the mulberry tree and undertako the entture of silk, or raise the wing grape, turn his farm luto an urange grove, or sheep rauche, and doublo hls fuvestinent everv year, Bub wheat Is the great ataple product as yet. It ylelds lw.iely and brings o good price. Liku eversthing clae here, wheat-taisluyg 18 undertalen on a big scale fre- rlxl\,mm!)'. I have scen nany farms of (rom ,000 “to 20,000 ncres all “sowed to wlheat, Wheat, wheat, wheat, awd nothing but whent. All tho vegetables nud fruit used by the farmer, and all bus proviatons, corn, hay, atid vats, were bougnt at the neurest market, Thia Is often the caee, cven in this cliimato where garden vexeta. bles, fruit, cte., grow aimost spontaneously, but thia {s pot recommended a8 the most econvmleal or profitable manner ot furming. 'TUL ADSENCE OP FRO3TS, AND §NOWS, AND ICE, 18 a great savime Lo the farmer, a8 it Is toal classes of Calliorufans, Cattle aud shecp may grazo on the flelds the whole year round. No brovision need bo mude for “winter either for the family or farmn, Californlans weur pmn{ much tho samo quality of clothine during all scasons, lcavy overconts are ucver necded, and Light sumuicr suits are quite as much out of place. Especlally is such tiie case In this city and along th coast, I the fntertor, while It fs never colier, thu mncrcury sometimes ranges bhigher, hutnever to the hetght that wo would eall hot In Chicago, Tho siesit temperatare of San Francisco for the year i about 54 degrees. Tho mercury very rarcly gocs lizher than 60 deg., or lower than 40 deg.” At Los Angeles theincan yearly temperature is rbout 8f deg. It fs seldom_ colder than 43 deg.. or warmer than 85 deg, The lcméwmtum of "Los Auccles is o fair sample of tho San Joaquin Yalley weather, and Bacrurmento Valley has uboul the sane weather a3 8an Francisco, except that the mercury ranged soveral degrees ligher n the juterlor in sum- mer, It I8 not required to bulid such expensive houscs na with us, for tho renson that there is not the same necessity to guard agzainst cold, People live out of doors much more than in the East, which accounts for thele clear, ruddy com- ploxion and bealth, The saving fn fucl, in clothing, in care of stock, and In tho cost of bulldings forthe protectionof the farm producta is no small item to the farmur, And tho Indus- trious California farmer need have no lost timo on his hamis. I heclooses, he may take two crops a year from his farm, planting the second crop Iy Moy, when the first {8 harvesteds but In order to do thls, of course, ho will need to frri- gato for the second crop. 1 would 1iko to give éomo {nstances that have been (uraished me of TUE PROFIT OF FARMING {n the wonderful 8an Joaquin Valley, but [ fear they will seem jncredibie to your rcaders, However, here Is a man who bought a farm of 10,000 acres, sot o duzen gang-plows st work upon it (the San Josguin Valicy is destitute of nutlve trees and is not plagued with shrubs or underbrush, and the ** io-fence* law s In forco thero In 1nost_countles),” and {m: it all into wheat, Tho first crop pald for the ground, and tho next gave him o net profit of $20,000. Farmiog on such a grand scale fs possible here, when it would not be fn other locallties, for the long, dry scason glyes three inunths to harvest in, and there {s no hurry and Httln Joss, Stock farining is perhaps the aurest of profitable ro- turns, It {3 8 common belict that 100 head of sheep will make thelr owner o mitlonaire o ten years, Ihave been poluted to ono practicel Wlustratiou thercot, Fortunes have been mado Iu orange-growing, in wino culture, as well as in the mure humble walksof husbandry. 8ilk cul- ture and the suger beot must eventdally bo very profitable, Boutuern Callfarula Is bestdes A GREAT BANITANIUM, Bome localiticanry woro visited by invallds than others, but tho wholo southeri part of. tho Btate Is unsurpassed ns a healthful resort for those afllicted with consumption and brouchial sffections, 'l"hu climato is so dry aud so salu- brivus that physicians do not find thelr occupa- tlon suttiviently remunerative. And that 1s obout tho only professlon, trade, or business that Is not an open avenuo to wealth fn Cali~ fornla. As I progress fn my (nvestigations, 4 ;nnu bave mors to sy of this portion of tho State, LANDS may be had very cheap from the Government or tho Central Southern Pucife Kaflroad Company, which has lun]vu grants in the San Joaquin Valley: and [ belleve thers arc a nnm- ber of reputable land cowpanles which have good lauds on libera) terms. The raflroad com- gnu(y, however, realizes the advsutage to tho tafe and to iteclf of permanent sctrlement sud therefors offers Inducement as to prices s lnc‘utlon vrhh-’h rlihu:{u aul }x‘:t. 1 Al m- uf are furnishe ultously with llllmml":mcsl. iuforination. e With Zuth [y wonderful soil and climate, and possessiyj such sdyantages of soclety sud education, think this reglon muat gain wore largely by fmmigration within the uext fAive years than any other section of our country. California does not uced more inincrs, notwithstundiug its wmines arv Inexhaustibly rich, What it most re- uires sre farmers and” muechanics, will nd a bearty welcome and profitable "‘nPl"{’ ment, Wazges for all kiuds of labor are high, and 1 wish fiere to combat another popular de- Jusion of Eastern men, which ls that all articles of necessity here are outrazeously dear. On the contrary, you cau purchase {n suy dry goods or bardware establisbwent or grocery n Bun Francisco nearly every article fn thcir stocks as cheap as you cun get the sawme in Chie vago, und soime u great deul cheaper. A Chicar lady, well known fn goclety, wi with her E“:ll‘lnd, Is spending o few months on this coast, {nformed we the other day, after making a ahopping tour, that she tound prives unlforia- 1y lower thau in Chicago, sud that inany articles of foreigu finportation, which were uut to bo lel'ln Clileago, she found bere without difll- culty. 1t shoulld be remembered that SAX FUANCISCO 18 not a frontler town, but a great city of 800, 000 jubsbitunts, witl more weslth per caplta than any otber American ¢ity, aud acommerce only sccond to Coicago. Au lucoudblvably rich country iu mfucrals und agriculture Hes as fty back, extending from Idaio to Arizopa, aud a vast occuu at I3 gates, washing the sbores of the oldest and tho wealthivat people on the globe, by weans of which vcean San Franclsco