Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, March 11, 1877, Page 4

4 THE CHICAGO 'TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, MARCH 11, 1877—/fIXTEEN PAGES. The Tribe, TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. BY XATL—IX ADVANCE—POSTAGE PREPAID AT rda; Tri-Weekly, postpaid. 1 vear. Purts of a year, per month.. WEEKLY EDITION, POSTPAID. Postage prepatd. Specimen coples sent free. Tf&m delay and méstakes, be sureand give Post- Ofce addresa in foll, {ncluding Staze and County. Remittances msy be made either by draft. express, Fost-Office order, or in registered letters, at ourrisk. TERMS TO CITY SUBSCRIBERS. Tafly. delicered, Sundsy excepted, 25 cents per week. Dany, celfvered, Sunday Included, 30 cents per week THE TRIBUNE CONPANY, Carper Maditonand Dearborn-tte.. Chicago, Il SOCIETY MEETINGS. % A J. TURNER LUDGE. NO. 409, A. F. & A. )L@Bl}féfmwl are hereby notified to be preeent at tue stated communication Tuursday evening, March 15. at 'clock shary. Business of importance and on E. A. degree. All standing on the first degree uf Masonry inthis Lodge are requested to be present by a8 D“fl'.lfi V‘lflnln:rgmlh;ta'lr‘al cordially fnvited to Teetwithus. " By order of WyM " X . 3. STANTON, Sec. MASOXIC SOCIABLE—The last but one of the serfes of sociables given by Corinthian Hall Ti come Off at thelr hall, 187 East Kinzle-st., Tuesdsy evening, March 13, 10 which, the fraternity'and their friends ‘wre cordixlly favited. ‘Che past s enficient guarsatee that no pulns will ‘be spared to maks the evening a picasant oue forall. EILWINNING LODGE. NO. 313, A. F. & A. M.—A rezular commnunication will be beld on Thursday evening neat; 35th inst.. at Corinthian Hall, 157 East Einzie-et. bera are earnestly requested 1o be fem portance. 'SLONGE D, EDDY, W. M. preseat o business of Jm) L. 5. CHABLETTE, Secretary. LA _FATETTE CHAPTER, No. 2 R. A. M.~ Tail 72 Monroe street. ~Stated convocation Monday evening, March 12. at 7% o'clock.for busiacss and work and P. M. degree. Visiiors cordiaily {nvited 10 attend. By orderof W. H. KELD, U P. £ N. TGCREL, Sec. APOLLO COMMANDERTY, N0. 1, ENIGHTS TEX- PLAR—Special conclave at Aeylum,’ 72 to 75 Monroe btréet. on Tuesdsy mext, March 13, commencing st 4 welock In the afternoon. The order of the ked: Cross il be conferred. - Counctl will closz at. 10:30 o'cluck. By orderof the E.C. . R. DUNLOP, Becorder. TAN RENSSLAER GRAND LODGE OF PERFEC- TION, A.&A.. SCOTCH RITE MASONS—Wili hold & Te3ular assembly on Thiriday evealag, next. Work on & gth an egrees. by order o JOHN O'NIELL, T. I G. M. Secretary. ED GOUDALE, Grand 1. 0. 0. F.—John L. Barnum, P. G., will deliver, an agdrees on **Early Odd-Fellowehip In Chicazo,” to on Lodge Xo. §, at their hall cor. W o and Ciari-sts., on Thursday evenlog, March 15. All mem- fally invited. By order N. G. B e Or e A o A SR RBERCE, See. CHICAGO CHAPTER, No. 127, . A. M.—134 Twen- ty-sccond-st. “Special Convocation” Monday evenlng, Maren 12, at 7:30 o'clock. for work on the P. M. an 3L & derrees, Vistting Compaaione cordlalls favited. By order of the M. E. M. P. ELI SMITH, Sec. THE GOLDEXN STAR BENEVOLENT SOCIETY— Meets to-day at 3 p. in. eh H i Block.” ATl 1n’: Presioent. CORINTHIAN CHAPTER, XO. 69, R. A. M.—Reg- ular Convocation Monduy ing, March 12, at 7:30 o'clock. Work on the P. and M. k. Degrres. By order J. A CRAWFORD, H. P. SUNDAY, MARCH 11, 1877 At the New York Gold Exchange on Sat- day greenbacks ranged between 954 and 953. After sleeping over the matter, Mr. Brarse came to the wise conclusion to vore to con- firm the President’s Cabinet nominees, and to cease antagonizing his Southern policy, &t least until it had taken tangible shape. The Pope of Rome does not seem to mest with success in his effort to have a reopen- ing of the Vatican Council. In reply to the queries addressed to the Congregation of Cardinals, they answer that, asthe causes that interrupted the Councilhave not ceased, its resumption would not be opportune, and that he had better wait for a more favorable opportunity to make a new Syllabus. Evi- dently, the Cardinals have had of late all the experience they want in attempting to deal with political questions. It was prophesied by certain wise men in ‘Washington that. ex-Senator D. M. Ker, of Tenneesee, would be defeated for confirma- tion as Postmaster-General. It was said that MorTox, CoNELING, Brarse, and Caxr- zmox intended to make a powerful resistance, and that nearly all the Democratic Senators would also oppose him. Baut it is pretty evi- dent that the gift of prophesy closed with the dny of miracles. So far from being op- posed by the four Senators named, they all voted for him, as did almost all the other Senators of both parties. It seems there were only two votes cast against his confirm- ation. ‘We print elsewhere a communication from o French citizen, taking exception to an ar- ticie upon compulsory education in France which was recently printed in TeE Cricaco Trsese. The principal objection of our correspondent, and the only one of conse- quence, is the statement of the illiteracy of one-third of the popnlation of France. He says: “‘Idonotwish to charge Tre Trrs- TXE with prejudice against the French peo- ple ; but I claim to possess sufficient author- ity to show that snch au accusation is a mis- Tepresentation, and your informer.is en- tirely wrong on the subject.” As Tre Cmi- 0160 TRIBUNE does not wish to be suspected of prejudice against the French, we have no hesitation in saying that our informer is M. ‘WADDINGTON, the French Minister of the Interior, who made the statement officially to the French Assembiy. The Iate Turkish Premier, MimaaT Pasma, ‘who was so summarily deposed recently, has written a letter in defenso of himself and to set himself right before the world. The scandal which he sets afloat is, that the Sul- ten deliberately and in a free-handed manner, ‘befitting a good old Turkish monarch, took out of the Treasury half a million of Turk- ish pounds, which he squandered upon his politicul favorites in the palace and his hou- xis in the seragiio. AIDEAT Pasza protested against this little financisl operation, and was dismissed for his trouble. The miserable sham of Turkish rule is shown by the fact that, just before this high-handed perform- aoce, the new ‘ Turkish Constitution, which was intended fo disperse the mob. of palace favorites, had been proclaimed with a great flourish of trumpets. It now ap- pears from Mmouar Passu’s statement that ibe Sultan himself was the first person to violate the new Constitution. . The story is s very fair illustration of Turkish perfidy. If the raler himself will ‘not respect the in- strument which he has approved, what can be expected of the people, with such an illus- trious example set before them ? The Chicago produce markets were active Suturdsy, and generally weak. Mess pork :losed 25¢ per brl lower, at $13.873@13.90 “for April and $14.07}@14.10 for May. Lard closed 12}c per 100 bs lower, at £9.20 @9.22% for April and £9.30@9.32} for May. Meats closed fe per brl lower, at 43¢ forloose shoulders, 7hc for short-ribs, and 7ic for short-clears. Highwines were steady, at $L05 per gallon. Flour was quiet and un- changed. Wheat closed 14c lower, at 81.237 for March and $125} for April. Comn closed jc lower, et 33j¢ for March and 434c for May. Oats closed jc lower, at 32}c for April and 84jc asked for May. Rye was easier, at G1@G3c. Barley closed dull, at 49¢ for' March and 48)c for April. Hogs were dull and rather weak, at §5.25@5.75 for poor to choice. Cattle were quiet and firm, at §3.2 Sheep were steady, at $3.00@ 5.50 for poor to choice grades. Oze hundred dollars in gold would buy $104.674 in green- Dacks at the close. pers have been telegraphing that. ex-Presi- dent GraxT was doing all in his power to defeat the confirmation of CanLScrurz. The St. Louis Globe-Democrat has given publicity to the same report. But the statement is wholly false. Gen. Graxt ‘did not lift a finger or utter a word against his confirma- tion. He is very friendly to Gen. Hayzs, and warmly approves his Southern policy, and desires it to succeed. If Gen. GRiNT bad been a member of the Senate he wounld have undoubtedly voted to confirm any one of the new Cabinet, recognizing the obvious propriety as well as right of the President to have a Cabinet of his own selection. It was predicted by the guid-nuncs at ‘Washington that if Scavez were confirmed it would be by an extremely close vote. The Glole-Democral went so far as tosay that, “If Scicxz is confirmed at all, it will be by the votes of some thirty Democrats and eight or ten Republicans, the former voting to create mischief in the Republican party, and the ‘latter from the belief that they ought to sup- port the Cabinet just as it is nominated.” It turns out that he received forty-five votes against two. A few Republicans did not vote, but the majority of those present sup- ported him. Even Snox Camenox voted for him, and also voted for Evarrs and Ker, He could not stand the pressure; so many of the influential men of Pennsylvania poured in letters and telegrams upon him, calling on him to indorse the Cabinet nomi- nees, as to convince him that he was going contrary to popular sentiment, and he re- considered his intentions, swallowed his chagrin, and voted to confirm. It was a narrow escape for the people of Chicago, and every other large city in the State, when Mr. Kemor’s Town-Election bills all but failed of passing in the House without the emergency clause, which would have defeated their operation thisspring. It is fair to assume that the opposition came from a misunderstanding of the measure on the part of some of the country members. But as the two bills are now a part of the law of the State, having been promptly signed by the Governor, the city officers and town officers of Chicago will be elected on the same day,—the fitst Tuesday in April,— instead of two weeks apart, and the same voting precincts and election-judges appoint- edby the Common Council forthe city e'ection will serve for the three town elections in the South, North, and West Divisions. This will almost certainly insure as lerge a vote for town officers in their respective districts as for city officers, so that the bummers will no longer have the whole matter in their own hands, and there will be the same protec- tion against repeating and ballot.stuffing in the town elections that there is in the city election. The town-meeting system has been maintained in deference to the country districts, where it works well; but the law provides that the Common Council shall also have the discretion of designating the placs of meeting in the towns located within the city-limits; and it is probable that some large hall will be selected where the taxpayers, who are chiefly interested in the amount voted for town taxes, will be willing to meet. Of this and the voting-places the Common Council of Chicago should now give imme- diate notice, so that the public may have the full benefit of the law this spring. PRESIDENT HAYES' FIRST TRIUMPH. Itis cheerful news for this (hopefuliy) bright spring Sunday morning that better counsels have prevailed with the Senators who started out to bulldoze President Hayes in the interest of the machine, and that his entire Cabinet has been confirmed as he nominated it. It augurs well for the new Administration, for it means that the Sena- torial obstructionists have distinctly recog- nized two things, viz. : (1) That the senti- ment of the country is emphatically in favor of giving President Hayss a full opportunity to carry out the theories of government on the advocacy and promise of which he was elected ; and (2) that the new President is not the kind of man to yield at a spurt of opposition from the machine which it is his first duty to smash. For the country, hie first victory carries the ussurance of new tri- umphs in the same direction as occasion may offer. ‘While the vote on the confirmation of the Cabinet officers was in the secret cxecutivo session, it has been ascertained pretty cer- tainly that there were not more than half a dozen votes in opposition to either EviArts or Scmurz, and that only a couple of Demo- crats were intolerant enough to vote against Ker because, though a Democrat, he ac- cepted place in a Republican Administration and identified himself with the conciliatory policy. The indications before and after the secret session are that the gentlemen who ‘were the most eager to plice themselves in the front of the attack on President Haves were equally eager at the last to retreat. Some old, homely philosopher said of Mr. Brans that he had jumped before he got to the stile, and consequently jumped against it instend of over it. Mr. BraNe seems to have discovered this himself, for already apologizing friends have begun to make excuses and explanations on his behalf. So, perhaps; with others who would have been willing to hamper the new Administra- tion at the outset, but concluded it wasn't wise to do so. The fact is that the reports from the conn- try at large had a most salutary effect. They acted at ouce as a prophylactic and anti- septic, like Dr. Beese's scarlet-fever care. Corrective doses were administered without stint by the Republicans, Democrats, and In- dependents, North and South, by the busi- ness and professional men, and by the great mass of people, who desire that President Haves- shail give " the comntry a fair trial of his policy. That policy con- sists mainly of two features,—first, to try reconcilistion and non-interference in- stead of gunboats and bayonets in the South, and, secondly, to try fitness and a promise of individual tenure of office during good behavior instead - of the spoils-system in the management of the Civil Service. The country is pretty well satisfied that the old machine-system, both in the Civil Sorvice and in the Sozthern question, has not oper- ated to the advantage of the Government or the people, and is ready to insist upon the application and -thorough trial of its con- verse. Thisis why it was insisted from all quarters that President Haves' Cabinet should be confirmed, in order that, having called abont him his own advisers and assist- ants, he might enter upon the new work with every advantage. The names of the gentle- men he has selected promise an able, honest, and determined effort at reform. Tho Cabi- net, as it stands, is as follows : " Secretary of State—Wistiax M. EvARTs. Secrelary of the Treasury—Jous SUSRMAN. Secretury of War—Gronge W. McCRART. Secretary of the Nary—Ricuanp W, TioXPSON, Secrelary of the Interior—CanL SCHURZ. _ Postmaster-Generat—Davin 3. KEY. Attorney- General—CHARLES DEVENS. THE APPROACHING ELECTIONS, The city and town elections will now, under the amended laws, talke place Tuesday, April 3, less than a month hence. The of- ficers to be elected are a Mayor, to serve two years, and an Attorney, Treasurer, and City Clerk, to serve one year. The town officers to be elected are in each of the three towns a Collector, Assessor, Supervisor, aud Clerk, and also in the West Town twelve, in the South seven, and in the North Town five Coustables. The conjunction of the city and town elections will draw out, in all probability, a very large vote. There will undoubtedly be sixty to eighty candidates for Constable, and the labor of cach of these among his friends will be intense. The people of this city have had one year's practical experience of an honest and eco- nomical City Government. Expenditures have been reduced, useless offices have been abolished, salaries cut off, and the strictest retrenchment has been practiced. - This kind of work is the most difficult thing for a City Government to perform, and the suc- cessful effort of the City of Chicago in this respect hes attracted attontion in all parts of the country, and even in Europe. ‘The ex- ample of Chicago is industriously presented everywhere, and the argument is made for sinnlar retrenchment in New York City, as not only proper, but practicable, because it has been 50 bravely carried out in Chicago. The credit of the city which so courageously reformed its own expenditures, reduced sala- ries, abolished offices, and reduced taxation, stands pre-eminent. With Chicago this econ- omy was a matter of necessity. The city ‘was without money and without credit; its paper was under protest, and the creditors were urgent; it conld not pay interest or principal, and was prohibited from borrow- ing, even if such o thing were possible. It nevertheless required a Mayor and Conncil of the particular character elected last spring to grepple with this necessity and raduce ex- penditures within the limits of income. Now wehave reduced taxation,—a boon of which the public stood so sadly in need. This improvement in the condition of pub- lic affeirs must not be abandoned. To be effectual and permanent, the policy adopted & year ago must be continued, and, to secure this, the people who are interested must see that a like City Government is elected a month hence, or all that has been accom- plished within- the last year will be lost. Those who are enjoying the reduction of taxes incident to the reduction of expendi- tures must not expect that the ele:tion of such o Government will take place as a mat- ter of course. On the contrary, it will re- quire the earnest effort of every voter favor- ing reform to secure the election of a Mayor and of a Council pledged to continue the economical policy of the present City Gov- ernment. One-half the presens members of the City Council go out of office this spring. The character and amount of city expendi- tures depend on the City Council even more than they do on the Mayor. The elec- tion of Aldermen, therefore, is of vital importance, and it is the duty of each citizen to give his best efforts to induce men of personal character and in- dependence to become candidates for that Board, and touse Lis best efforts to elect them. Party politics are of the least possi- ble concern in the Board of Aldermen. Voters of all parties will best promote their own and the public interest by electing as Aldermen the best class of men, no matter how the candidates voted for President. As President Haves said in his inaugural, *“He best serves his party who serves the public best.” The other side, representing those who demand a return to the old, extravagant, wasteful, and spendthrift system, will make & vigorous struggle to gain a majority of the Council, and we know of no greater calamity that can befall the city than their success in such an undertaking. The financial charac- ter of the city and of the people depends on a continuance of lhonest and economical City Government, and tosecure this is worth at lenst an effort on the part of those who have 50 much personally at stake CONVENIENCE FOX VOTING. Part of the right of voting is the right to vote without violence, intimidation, cost, de- lay, or iuconvenience. The privilege of vot- ing is, or may be, an expensive one, when the voter has to spend half a day, or even longer, to reach the polling-window to de- posit his ballot. ‘The weather on the day of the last Presidential election was extremely cold, raw, and disagreeable ; no one could stand in the open air, exposed to the wind, especially stand there several hours, with- out enduring a severity to which no one ought to be compelled fo submit for the privilego of voting. Several thousands of voters, because of their age, their in- firmity, or the general condition of their health, were forced to retire from the polls without voting. The remedy for this evit is an easy one. It js to 5o increase the number of voting precincts as to give every lawful voterin the precinet the opportunity to vote withont delay. The hours for voting are from 8 a. m. to 6 p. m.,—ten hours. Voting at the rate of one a minute, which is as fast as can be carefully done, with the registry- list to be examined and the voter properly questioned, will admit of only 600 votes being taken within the whole ten hours. Yet at the Iast election in this city there were but fourteen precincts at which there wero less than 500 votes polled. - These precincts were generally re- mote ones, where the population was scat- tered over a wide area of territory. On the other hand, there were thirteen precinets at which from 1,000 to 1,347 votes were poll- ed. This was extraordinary voting, but it 'Was an unjust exaction of the voters. There were no less than sixty-four other precinetsat which the number of voles taken in Tanged from 500t01,000. Atall these precinets, it is safe to assnme there were many voters, unable or unwilling to give from two to six hours’ time, who did not vote, and who, after going to the polls, left without voting. There are thousands of persons employed at Iabor who cannot get off from work to vote before 4 o'clock, who are at present as Ppractically ex- cluded from the polls as if they were dis- {ranchised by law. The labor imposed on the election-judges of examining 800 to 1,000 votes st night is too exacting. It delays the count until eome time next day; and a count performed under such circumstances is necessarily more or less careless and- inex. act. . 5 No precinct shonld havs more than 500 voters. All of the present precincts at which over 500 votes were polled last November ‘ought to be divided. There is no evil to be apprehended from having the precinets too small. The less nuxmber of voters in =z precinct the. less danger io be ap- prehended from voting by persons not entitled to vote therein. In a precinct with 100 voters, each man entitled to a ballot could be. readily known, and all others offering to vote could be detected and exposed. In another column we give some detailed figures on this subject. Apportion- ing voting-places to the wards according to the number of voters would call for alarge increase in the number of voting-places; but this is a trifling covsideration compared with the present evil. Taking the vote at thelast election, every precinct where the aggregate equaled or exceeded 500ought tobe so reduced as to leave that number the maximum. If a division be made so as to create three precincts ont of one at which 900 or 1,000 votes were polled in November, so much the better; the increased facility for voting will call out s larger vote in every precinct. The reduction of the number of votes polled at each pre- cinct will greatly facilitate the counting of the vote, and give the inspectors time to complete their count and make out their re- turns in compliance with the law, which it will be remembered was found to be impos- sible in so many instances last November. The recent laws passed at Springfield have doubled np two elections; so that, by adding forty or fifty more voting-places, the in- creased cost of the election: will be offset by the saving in Lolding one election in place of two. We lope the City Council will not neglect or overlook this matter. THE JEWISH NATIONALITY. The London Saturday Recicw, in discuss- ing the doctrine of race with special refer- ence to the mutual influences of religion and nationality, brings out some interesting points in regard to the distinctness with which the Jews retain their national charac- ter. It calls attention to the fact that the Pphenomenon of the Jew is a characteristic phenomenon of the East, where the perma- nence of national distin-tions is carried out to its fullest developmeut. The Indian Par- sees come the nearest to them, and yet the preservation of their nationality is slight as compared with them, although the time of their searate existence is shorter than that of the Jews, they are not scattered all over the world, and ave only part of a nation. From the time of the return from Babylon ¢ The Jew hns been distinguished by the fierce temacity with ‘which he cleaves to his nationality, and to his religion o5 the bndge of his nation- ality.” They stand alone as a nation dis- persed to the ends of the earth by Roman und other conquests, and yet remaininga nation ; and this in the faco of the most rc- markable persecution and cruelty known in the annals of mankind. The Jew was perse- cuted for his religionnd hisnationality alike, He was not arebel, for Lie had never rebelled. He was not a heretic, for he had never be- longed to the fold that persecuted him. He could not recant, because he had never wan- dered from the true doctrine into errors. ‘¢ Fle was the King’s bondmen, with whom the King might deal as he plensed, and with whom the people, in any moment of popular outbreak, decmed they might deal ns they pleased slso.” He was a common enemy, because he was a stranger wherever he so- journed, because he was the- traditional enemy of Christianity, and because, being’ debarred from owning or tilling land and hav- ing all his wealth in gold and silver, he lived by lending it and exacting usury. This has all passed, and Jewish persecution is now a matter of history alone and of shameful Te- membrance. The .tendency now is to place the Jew upon the same civil and political level as the Christian; and where the oppor- tunity is offered the Jew places himself upon that level by virtue of his iutelligence, his character, his culture, his enterprise, and his brains, Even then the national feeling re- mains as strong as ever. The punty of the race remains absolute. Its blood is mn- touched by conversion or by intermarriage. He becomes a citizen, and yet is a sojourner. - He fills offices of trnst and honor in America, and yet is not an American. As the Satur- day Review says: ** The Jew may be sure of his own stock in a way in which none of the rest of us, Dutcll, Welsh, or anything else, can be sure. The gens remans a gens by birth, ard not by legal fiction.” The fact is not more remarkable as a purely historical phenomenon than when considered in the light of what the Jew has accomplished outside of citizenship with the world, and in the face of centuries of proscription, intolerance, and persecution. He bas borne:himself stendily on ngainst the storm, bending before it, but not breaking. Crushed down to the earth, he receives new strength from it, and rises again. With in- domitable tenacity of purpose, ho rises su- perior to all accidents, and, scattered to overy quarter of the civilized world, he malkes his mark wpon the world's progress, and controls in large part the world’s des- tinies, shaping the tastes of a na- tion, holding the reins that direct empires. The son of a Jew literatenr rules Eugland, and the daughter of aJewleads the world of British fashion. A Jew con. trols the destinies of Earope by holding in his hands the sinews of war. The Jew is the monarch in the great banking capitals of the world. His domination is equally su. preme in the world of art, taste, and culture, In literatare, philosophy, romance, music, and the drama, he stands unchallenged. Of musiche is the supreme ruler,—in composi- tion, in singing, in playing, in directing and in managing. Wherever we turn, the Jew ap- pears, shaping, molding, and influencing the world’s progress. As the Saturday Review says: ““The phenomenon is ome of the strangest in all history; the more itis thought of, the more its thorough strangeness comes out.” SULLIVAN'S ACQUITTAL. The acquittal of ArrxaxpER SOULLIVAN of the charge of murdering Fravcis Hixrorp will oceasion more surprise in other com- munities where the circumstances of the shooting were known than in this city. Since the disagreement of the jury in the first trial, the evident sympathetic leaning of the Judge to the nccused, then disclosed, and the apathy that set in upon the failure to induce the Judge to resign or refuse to sit in the case ngain, led to a general appre- hension of an acquittal in the second trial, "This apprehension passed almost into a con- viction when, a day or two after the trial had begun, the Prosecating Attorney announced that he had evidence that at least one of the Jjurymen had perjured himself in swearing ho was not acquainted with the accused nor prejudiced in his favor; it was suspected that more than one in the jury tried the de- fendant ratherina friendly than an impar. tial spirit, . and this suspicion has been strengthened by his absolute acquittal of all crime in seeking out HaNToRD, with the‘ Te- sult that followed. . No one with a proper appreciation of the | sanctity of hunan life can fail to understand that Suvrirvax's complete acquittal is a re- flection on our eriminal jurisprudence, and a menace to society. Itis not unlikely that the circamstances were of o nature to miti- gate the cffense from the charge of murder, punishable with death, to that of man- slaughter, punishable with imprisonment; but to label SuLrrvaN as entirely gmitless, | and send him forth as the perpetratorof a justifiable homicide, is a strange sort of jus- | tice. The fact remains that SuLLivaN was the aggressor; that he sought out Haxrorp with a londed revolver in his pocket; that he struck the first blow, knocking the man down; that Haxrorp was unarmed, and that he killed Haxronp the moment the lat- | ter made an effort to resist tho assault of | Surravay, offering in justification therefor that he heard his wife exclaim that HaxForp had struck her, which other persons equally close swore they heard notawordof. If | this is killing in self-defense, then it will be better and fairer to sauction the duello by law, that men may ‘at least have ! notice and an equal show for their lives. If it be said that Haxrorp had ms- ligned Mrs. SULLIVAY, it has not been suc- cessfully maintained that he so much as in- timated any aspersion on her womanly or wifely purity. The punishment for slander isnot death; and, if it were, ALExANDER ! SurLavay was not the public execationer. The alleged provocation was very small in- decd compared to the bloody revenge that was taken. The poor wreteh with a starving | family who steals in excess of 315 is sent to. the Penitentiary for years; but here, where murder was committed, no punishment was inflicted. Of course, Surtavax is not to be blamed for making the most desperate fight for his freedom, and he has been fortunate in hav- | ing the active assistance of shrewd and faith- ful friends. But thero is a lamentable defect in the machinery of the law that makes an acquittal under such circumstances possible. One fatal error is, that a criminal may select his own Judge out of eight, and refuse to be tried by any other, either inside or outside of tho county. Another defect, equally fatal, is the construction of the law which enables the criminal to pick his jury mainly from the most ignorant and worth- less men in the community. It will scarcely be maintained that there are twelve intelligent, upright men in Chicago who have not formed or expressed an opinion in the SuLLvax case after all the comment it elicited before and at the first trial ; and yet | all the men except one who tried the case the second time live within the city limits. The inference is inevitable that the jury was either unintelligent or some- thing else. It is reported that the State’s Attorney will present some of them to the Grand Jury, with evidence that 1 they * committed perjury in order to get plazes on the jury; if he has such ovidence, they should be vigilantly prosecuted, and an example made that will serve as some protec- tion in the future. - As to the wide Iatitude of criminals in the selection of their own Judges, the public can only look for relief to a proper revision of the criminal law by the Legislature. We hope, yet almost without hope, that the ncquittal in this case will not make man- slaying any more common in the community. This is the great danger of such a verdict, though, without that, it is all the same an offense to law and common sense that a man who kills another under the circumstances of the Haxrorp homicide is not even punish- able as much as a poor wretch who steals a loaf of bread or a bucket of coal. HAVE FAITH IN THE PEOPLE. The opposition to the Administration of President Hayes which is developing at ‘Washington bodes no good to the Repub- lican party, and yet in result it msy not prove disadvantageous to the conntry. Mr. Haxes is not responsible for the division of the party, should 1t occur. He is ‘moving forward, with honest directness, in the line of the platform upon which he was nomi- nated, and of the letter of acceptance, which was his declaration of principles to the peo- ple, who responded by his election to the Chief Mamstracy. In that letter he com- mitted himself definitely to two leading idens,—the Civil-Service reform and the pacification of the South upon a basis of justice and magnanimity, in which the | rights of all parties should be equally regard- ed, while a wise statesmanship should be employed to overcome the existing difi- | culties, rather than the strong hand of mili- tary power. These assurances, ‘taken in connection with the purity of his private character and the patriotism of his military and civil public career, wers so satisfactory to the people that only one thing seriously endangered his election, and to that was owing the narrowness of the escape from defeat. The multitude of voters who had become dissatisfied with the Republican Ad- ministration under Gen. Grast, and who were tempted to withhold their votes entire- 1y, or to cast them for Mr. TIDEN, 88 a rebuke and to secare a chauge, feared to trust Mr. Hayes as s representative of his party. They doubted whether his ideas were more than 50 many good sentiments which would never be carried into prac- tice. They queried whether the party had any serious intention of reform, and were sure that the leaders had no such purpose. Hence they insisted that Alr. Haves would be compelled, after his in- auguration, to submit to the policy of those who more fully represented the party, and that he did not possess the stamina necessary for an independent course. Such doubis nearly cost him his election, and caused the sorrowfal and anomalous sight of many old Abolitionists and reformers voting with the Democratic party. s But Mr. Haves is vindicating his party and himself, and proving the Bagacity of those who put faith in his avowals os 2 can. didate. The opposition is not wholly nuex- pected, It comes from the old stagers among the politicians, the men who have supposed themselves to own the party, and to have a right to run it as s machine in their own in. terest, and who are determined not to sur- render their control over the distribution of the spoils. The trick for concealing their opposition to the Civil-Servico reform ig transparent. It is the same upon which they relied (with too much suceess, it is to be feared) during the Presidential campaign, and consists in diverting the attention of the people to some other exciting topic, which will appeal to pest passion and prejudice. Thus, no sooner had Mr." Hayes brought CivilService reform to the front, in his letter of acceptance, than these wily managers took the stump, or sent out their orators, not to advocate any such measure, or to make any Ppledges for the party on that subject, but to rpcall the old issues of the War, und to i the old Mason and Dixon’s line. make a square sectional fight between the North and the South. = Doubtless they trusted that success, if thus won, ‘would leave Mr. HavEs in such relationship to the South on the one hand, and to the party managers on the other, as to be neces- sitated to drop what they considered unde- sirable and impracticable measures of Te- form. They discover now, however, that Mr, Haves is in earnest; that he ismot a mere porty-hack; that he has at heart the foture good of the country, to which are i"necessary the pacification of the South, and the removal from politics of the source of corruption found in the use of the-offices as 50 many spoils for the victors. Itisnot in human nature for such men to relinguish their hold upon usurped power without a struggle; and so we find that preparations are making to compel the President to sub- mit to their dictation, or to find an open op- position organized within the Republican arty. - Blfh these short-sighted politicians reckon without their host; and in this case the host is the people, who elected and will sustain Mr. Haves in a righteous attempt to be the President of the nation, and not the mere dispenser of official patronage. They will not honor and trust him the less because he sees no dignity in stauding with a huge ‘spoon to put Treasury pap into the mouths of .a circle of Olicer Trists, who incessantly ery for more. The people also are weary of a sectional war, and are properly averse to having a perpetual politicsl division along It works well for neither party, and most disastrously for the country. Neither does it aid the freedmen, whom we are bound to protect in all reasonable ways. They must be discon- nected with the whole carpet-bag policy be- fore the whites will cool down from their -exasperation sufficiently to do them jus- tice. Society cannot be maintained bottom side up, with the ignorance aud - poverty ruling the intelligence and property. An attempt to perpetuate such an wunatural condition only leads to violesce and bloodshed, and outside inter- ference by Federal troops only adds bitter- ness to the conflict. The people see this, and will sustain the President in all honor- able endeavors to put an end to an interne- cine strife. And 8o sure are we of this result, that we warn those who would raise a factious oppo- sition that they will not only fail in their personal ambitions, but will insure a disso- lution of their party, precisely as did the blinded Whig managers when they persisted in holding on to desd issues in the face of new and living questions. DaNteL WEBSTER himself became powerless when left in this false position. Let the new President, then, continue to have the courage of his convictions. Let him surround himself with theablestof purestatesmen. Let him plan for patriotism and not for party. Lat him have faith in Providence and in the people. There are tens of thomsands of Repub- licans and Democrats whose party-ties are weak, and amount to little more than to a lack of confidence in the opposite party. Give them a common point of patriotic meeting, and they will clasp hands in support of just and wise mensures. The veople have no possible interest in perpetu- ating past abuses, and their eyes are opening to the fact that not until the sixty or eighty thousand offices are disconnected with po- itical changes will our pobtics rise above a scramble for the loaves and fishes, and will a race of statesmen return to solve our national problems. The President has made a good beginning, and sent a thrill of joy to many hearts. Let him go forward bravely, and not lose faith in the American people. GREEX ART AND RELIZION. Pagan art has never been surpassed. The works of Greek sculpture remain the envy and admiration of the nineteenth century, as they were of Athens and Ells. But it was not Pagan- ism that taught the carly sculptors; their in- spiration was drawn from a higher and holier source,—from Nature itself. Weariness with the old forms of religion drove Purpras and his contemporaries to the contemplation of a noble pantheism, in which they found partial satisfac- tion for the cravings of their artistic natures. A writer fn the Junuary number of Lippincotl's ilfagazine maintains that the sculptors of the age of PerIcLES hud partaken of the esoteric philosophy, and knew the “ mysteries ? of im- mortality and divinity. The opinion isa trifle fanciful. No evidence supports it. The light of reason does mot show its truth. But whether Prmras and PoLYeNoTus had shared in the wisdom of SOCRATES and ANAXA GORAS or not, nothing can be surer than that they had learned mysteries even more profound, truths as everlasting, principles more necessary to the development of art. The Minerva Pro- machus and the Olympian Jupiter of PRIDIAS marked no departure from the religion of the common people. The latter statuc was desizned toillustrate the passage of Iower, in which Jupiter is represented as shakiug Olympus by his frown. The grand proportions of the fig- ures, the beauty of its contour, the luvish use of precious material in its composition, the zlow- ing and picturesque surroundings, impressed the superstititious Greeks with feelings of awe. The frowning Jupiter scemed to be present in the temple. - Some worshiped him as a living god. Some fell prostrate beforc him in terror. Al accorded fame to the maker of the splendid efligy.. Pupias did pot scorn the praises of the vulgar, nor affect to despisc their reverence. He had appealed to their re- lizious gense, had aroused it, and no doubt en- joyed the fruits of it. His art had achicved the visible culmination of the Greek reliziod, and the symbols he employed, as they were more accurate than any that had preceded, were aseo- ciated more closely with the conditions of divine existence. But Parnias worked in obedience to his fn- | stinct aszn artist, not in slavish imitation of previous models. His aim was to embody beauty first—to personify power, secondly— and, lastly, to serve religion. The last limita- tion was not even voluntary with him. It was imposed upon him by the terms of his contract. He was engaged for a relicious subject, and he responded, so far as the present age can know, with indifference as to the pious nature of the undertaking. Itis just as pdrtial to say that he devoted himself to the Elians fo the spirit of a missionary as it is to adopt the suggestion of the writer already re- ferred to, and fancy that he was playing the part of a Grecian Machiavelli or a Pagan Me- phistopheles. He was simply true to himself as an artist. He made forms of beauty because hecould not help it. His genius forced bim to it. If there was impiety in this, his contemporaries did not perceive it. They thought it was wicked of him to plot with PERICLES, and to put his own partrait on the shield of Minerva; but no onc ever charged it sgainst him 25 a mortal offense that he had departed from the ugly traditions handed down by the fathers of the Greek religion. The progress of art is not. continuous and direct. We know that the sculptors of England, before the discovery of the Elgin marbles, had not learned their busi- ness. They gazed with wonder on the works of the Greeks, and some of the greatest of the mod- ernsconfessed that, if they had their life’s labor to do again, they would start from new principles. Progressis made by oscillations abont an ad- vanuog centre. MACATLAY'S doctrine in regara to the trimmers in politics applics with force to the chippers in marble. Art has conservatism as well as radicalism. The comparative excellence of the ancient sculptors 48 seen whenever the achicvements of the eqrllest periods are placed side by side with thosc of the latest. The mag. azive-writer whom we have already partly con. troverted can find no disscnt from his enthust. . asm concerning the old artists. ~ ** The ontliney that have come down to us,” he writes, “arp admirable., The Rosa BoNnEur of the stong. age drew her animals fn spirited action, fo their heads to gaze intently behind them, o lifting the leg to chase 3 fly—all with a v} and promptness that would scarcely. dis her successor. LANDSEER’S first sketches for his Highland deer are hardly essentially better thao those made when thereindeer browsed inthe southof Europe. . . . Statue after statup is shown dug up from between the Pyramig and Sakkarah, all considerably earlier in than the Hebrew ABRAmAM, and, constituting for us the first' aathentic pleture-gallery. Thesy Egyptian portraitists struck outan art whi:h was to know no rival until the Immediate decessors of PRIDIAS. It wasdaring, analytic, ip. dividual. The specimens [ have seen from the Muscum at Boulak are worthy of Durer anq Hovsew, and differ enormously froua the more commonly-accepted type of Egyptian Ifke messes. . . . They give the strongest idea of human advancement six thousang years ago, at the time the second prramid wag building. But this vivacious school of art ap- parcntly sank completely out of sizht, and fecundated nothing. It perished without ay heir, a5 the art of the Aztces hasdone. The hieratic art which succeeded it in° Egypt was ag. other matter, and this was what taught the Greeks. Realistic portraiture retired out of the ken of the world, s0 far as appears, for abont 3,600 years,—a long eclipse.” ‘The mention of hieratic art again recalls the connection of Greék art, and art generally, with religion. It has been maintained by some that the patronage of a church stiffes the vital ele. ments of a progreesive and.liberal art. We have fonnd that this was the case in Egypt. It was 50 in Greece aud Rome duriog the revival of Paganism. But it has not heen true in any large sense of Italy. Painting monks there are in Russia—monasteries full of them: theydo mot, however, stife art; it stifles them. The splendid patronage which the Church bestowed upon MICHEL ANGELO came to him from not the best of the Popes. It gaye him ooportunity and en- couragement, if not position and fortune. In the fleld of architecture alone, what does not mankind owe to the Christian Church! - This is - making nothing of the inspiratfon which a rap-. turous faith communicates to the artist; the consideration of which subject wonld open too wide a fleld for present investization. It is suf- ficlent only to allude to the immortal themes that TITIAN, and RAPRAEL, and VELA3QUEZ, and RUBENs chose for their greatest works. Relizion does not and cannot stifie art. No human {nfluence cad. Pricsteraft may retard it. Iemorance may dull its edge. Neglect or ‘poverty may repress its noble aspirations. But time repairs the wrongs that arc dove it, and re-establishcs it tn a brighter fame. A decay- ing religion, it is true, takes down art with its own wreck. A vital, proaressive religion car- vies all the humanities in its embrace, and - makes them stronger every time it touches them. T — HONOR TO WHOM HONOR IS DUE. In the lstest number of Harper's Monthly Prof. J. W. DRAPER gives a description of some. experiments performed by him in the years 1844-'7, with the results obtained; hisobject be- ing to correct some points in current scientific history. He first ascertaimed that each of a gréat variety of substances examined becomes incandescent at the same temperature, and in- ferred that the statement holds true with re- gard to all substances, if care be taken to climi- nate the phenomenon Lnown as phosphores- cence. Iie placed a number of substances, in succession, in the breech end of a guu-barrel, placed that end in a stove, and, looking through the muzzle, observed that all became self-luminous at the same fostant as the gontaln- ing metal. e then, by meansof an electric current caused to travel along a strip of plati- Dum, ascertained that the thermal point at which this change occurs,in a perfectly dark room, is 977 degrees of the Fahrenheit scale. His next step was an endeavor to ascertain the kind of light cmitted or cxcited at this mink- mum limit of self-luminosity. He passed the light through a flint-glass prism, and expected to see (some of) the -well-known - Franuhofer lines, but ‘was surprised to find that they ars notto be scen in the spectrum of igmited solid bodies. He thus discovered one of the funda- mental facts in spectrum analysis, as it far- nishes the means of determining the physical condition of a star, and also gives a test for the nebular hypothesis. An ignited gas gives a dis- continuous spectrum,—one broken up by lines, bands, or spaces. . As therc were no lines in the spectrum of the . incandescent solids examiced, Prof. DRapzr previously determined the position of the fived lines in the spectrum of the sunlight,—the ray passing through a slit, occupying exactly the position to be afterwards occupied by the in- candescent platinum employed in the experi- ment. This “reference spectrum,” as it is called, is now adopted in all- spectroscoplc ob- servations. He found that the spectrum did not regularly increase in length as the tempers- ture rises, but that at the moment the light is flrat visible it extends over mearly one-half of the prismotic spectrum. He found, ‘however, that this is larzely due to optical effects, and that, as the temperature of an incandescent body rises, it emits rays of an increasing re- frangibility. The light is first red, then orange, and 50 on to the violet, after which it becomes of a pure white as the temperature is carried be- Joud that needed to produce the violet ray. Farther experiments shuwed that the radiation of both light and heat increases more “rapidly than the increase of temperature of the radiating bodv. If the quantity of heat radiated by platinum at 930 degrees be taken as unity, then it wiil be2.5 at 1,440 degrees. and 7.8 at1,900, degrees. The heat radiated by the platinum in ‘passio from 1,000 to 1,300 degrees is nearly cqual to the quantity given ont in passing from cummon temperatures up to 1,000 degrees. Al} of these deductions are usually attributed toM. Kircuorr, though his memoirs were not published till (1560) thirteen years after the work of Prof. DraPER had becn given to the world throngh the scientific publications of the United States and -of Europe. In 1867, some twenty years after the publication of the origi- nal memoirs, M. BEcQUERSL also presented a8 bis own deductions almost precisely the same as those noted above. We esteem it a duty toald in calling public, attention to these facts, and claiming fora dis- tinguished American investigator the bonor which is his due. It is undenlable tbat, tll\ within a very few years past, American scientlfic work has been slighted by Europeans; and this Is far from being the only case in which the re- sults of Western labor have been unblushingly appropriated by the Eastern Hemisphere. Very recently the Old World has admitted that thers are brains, as well as muscie, in this part of the globe; and there Is now a tardy disposition to be just, when the facts are known. : The Milwaukee Sentine thinks that LANAB the new pale-faced Senator from Missiesiprh lost an opportunity for dramstic effect that would bave typified the era of conciliation and %ood-will that the country has entered upos- It saya: It is the unvarying cust hen a Senator- elect Ta £ be awprs o oAl e pecored 1o (0e desk by his colleague. On Taesday, the objec: lions having been overrnled, it was ordercd that the oath be administered to Mr. Laxan. . There- upon he should have taken the arm of the senior Senator from Mississippi, the Hon. B- K. Bocce, sod advanced to the bar, It 3p- pears that Brucz s a full-blooded negro, s shade blacker as to his caticie than a lump of cosl; bt ©Of course that could have made no difference, TOW that the color-line is whoily obliterated with Mr. LaXam's expressed assent. Still, Mr. Layan did mot take his colleague’s srm, but was escorted by an old Bourbon from West Virginia. So that tablean was sacnced. ; Pt A R The St. Louis G.-D: has an idea that Chicago, for amortgnged, bankrupt, and played-out town, has 2 way of picking up business that would benefit 8t. Louls toimitate. Thus: $ While St. Louis has been sitting . down D&ln'lnz the condition of the mortgage-stricken Chicago. C“?gfi" bas bulle aronnd St. Loais in l