Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, March 4, 1877, Page 4

b s S5 e i e e e R Ll _THE CHICAGO. TRIBUNE SUNDAY. MARCH 1877—SIXTEEN .PAGES For nearly thirty days the House had beex in The Tribuwe, .- TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. SY MATL—IN ADVANCE—FOSTAGE PREPAID AT 3 TH1S OFPICE. 12,00 patly Eay s12.0 Lo ;unds) # Sheet 2.0 Iaiurda 2w fri-Weekly, yostpaid, 1 8‘:’:‘1 2arts of & yéar, per month, Postaze prepaid. Specimen copies sent free. To frevert delor ard mistakes, be sureand sive Post- Oftce address in 141), Including State snd County. Lemittances may bemade eliher by draft, express, £06i-Otice order, o 1n registered letters, at our risk. 7ERMS TO CITT SUBSCRIBELS. Dally, Celt sered, Sunday excepted. 25 c2nts per week. Dudly, deilvered, Sunday Included, 30 cents per week Address THE TRIBUNE COMPANT, “Corzer Madifon and Dearbora-sts.. Chicago, Il SOCIETY MEETINGS. THIAN CHAPTER. NO. 63 R. A. 3. o O ot Hock. Work on the X, g WO, N E ST. BERNARD COMMANDERY, X0. 35, K. T.— mm‘wfl}-fle Wetneaday eventic, March7. a7 e Ko S By e e R B RBANK: E. C. J. 0. DICKEERSOY, Recorder. KNIGHTS OF PYTIAS.—GAUNTLET LODGE. fo_4-tiegular meeting Tacsday night; March G, at i Work on the Ampliied Third. ~Visitors cordfally avited. L ¥. CALDWELL, C. C. LAFATETTE CHAPTER. XO. 2 T.*A. M.—Hall G Monroe-st.—Special | Convocation Mondsy even- R, Mareh 3 at 7% o'clock, for work on the Mark Jegrce. Visltors cordfally fnvited, By order of Wl REID, 1. P. BLAIR LODGE, No. A.F. & A. M.—Regular ummunication Mondsy eveniag, Sth foat.. at 7:30. Furk on the Third degree. Visltlng brethren traternal- 2y y orde T favited. By on @ NNELL, Secretary. FANREXBSELAER GRAXD LODGE OF PERFEC- Tl A. & A. Scotch Rite Musqns, will hold a Special SRR g AL T ol s Lo e o8 the Gl 2 P ORI T, ED. GOODALE. Crand Secretary. N RENSSELAER GRAND LODGE OF PERFEC: TION, A. & A, Scotch Rite Masons, wili hold a Special Zuwibly on fhiursasy attermoon, ‘st 3l o'clock. for S el el be St T the evenings o = 6L dey cun: vening. JOUN ('NEILL. T.". F.% G.= M. ED. GOODALE, Grand Secretary. - SUNDAY, MARCH 4, 1877, Greenbecks were worth 95}@95% at the New York Gold Exchange on Saturday. As Gov. WELLs has been released from his unheslthy dungeon, he is now in condition to personally interview Davip Deorey Frezp and find out whether he is & peer or a vassal. The House has passed a resolution declar- ing all the investigations at an end, and di- recting the discharge of all the members of ‘the Louisisna Returning Board. Since they 50 s00n are done for, wonder what they were begun for. N The New York Sun appears with its col- umns in mourning over the result of the Electoral vote. It is the first instance on record where an editor hes turned-his col- umn-roles because he has lost a post-office, It is an indication of grief too touching and sacred for words, and we forbesr farther comment. Howthe rats deseri the sinking ship! It is mow stated that there will be no difficulty in filling all the Federal offices in the South with Democrats who are ready to swear al- legiance to Haves. It really begins to logk es if the advice of the Chicago Times had been followed, aud the putrid reminiscence had disbanded. If there is one thing for which the pres- ent Administration of the City Government is especially to be commended, it is for the im- partial and persistent prosecution of the gamblers, confidence-men, and criminal and quasicriminal classes. The efforts in this direction would be materially assisted by the passage of su adequate Vagrant act which would encourage the police in running down the known thieves, bunko-men, confidence- operators, and loafing gamblers, who are well known to them. As the Iaw stands, these fellows are allowed to slip fhrough the fingers of justice except when actually ap- prebended in some of their villainy, whick is-generally so difficult to prove upon them. If the Vagrant act were more explicit, and the police were given wider " discretion in Taiding the professional loafers, the city might be effeciually rid in large pert of the vicions and dsngerous classes that infest it. To-day closes. the Presidential career of Urysses 8. Graxz. As 8 whole, his adminis- tration of the Government during the past eight years has been acceptable to the coun- try at large, if not, s he admits, satisfactory to himself. Comparatively = stranger to politics, slmost entirely unversed in gov- ernmental usages and the mysteries of state- craft, he has pursued the even tenor of his way, stumbling less¢often than might have been expected under the circumstances. ‘Taking into consideration the exhausted condition of the country at the time of his entrance upon his offic, 2nd the momentons questions which have presented themselves for solution, his finan- cial record hias; while presonting some weak points, been upon the whole of a character that will bear inspection ond honest criti- cism. The retiring President will carry with him icto private life the respect and good wishes of the people. ————— 2 The determination that President Haves and Vice-President WrEELER sball take the oath of office fo-dsy is eminently wise and potriotic. The term of President Grast ex- pires and the ierm of President Havzs be- gins to-day, notwithstanding it is Sunday, * and the situation is of s nature that renders any interregnum or irvegularity hazardous. There is nothing in the Constitution or laws which makes Sunday on exception in the discharge of public duty, and it is President HEavrs' public duty to be inaugurated into Lis office to-day. There wonld be an im. propriety in any ostentatious display on a dzy geperclly set sside for religions ob- . scrvauce, and on that account it is proper to postpone until to-morrow the formal and public insngurs! ceremonies; but we think there are few people 5o intolerant as to characterize as improper the taking of a solemn oath to-day to administer the Gov- ernment faithfully according to the Constitu- ticn and laws. There could scarcely be'a more sacred doty, and it is a case where it mey be truly said: 4 The better thy day the better the deed.” = — ’ Zg‘he Chicago produce markets were less active Saturday, and generally easier. Mess 7 pork closed a shade lower, at $14.40 for March and $14.60 for April. Lard closed stesdy, ot £9.55 per 100 1bs cash and $9.70@ 9.72} for April. Meats were easy, at 5c for Ioose shouldess, 73c for short-ribs, and 8c for short-clears. * Highwines were dull, at $1.06. Flour was quiet andtame. Whest closed j¢ lower, at $1.22} for March and $1.237 for April. Comn closed steady, at 403c for March and #tlc for May. Oats closed steady, at easier, at 62@63¢c. Barley closed firmer, at 50¢ for March and 49¢ for April. Hogs were auiet and closed easier,—sales at $5.40@6.00 for common to choice grades. Cattle were 1moderately active and unchanged, with sales at . Sheep were dull and un- changed. One hundred dollars in gold would buy $104.62} in greenbacks at the close. The cheapest man in the whole political business is Davip Dubrey Fierp, of New York. He went to the House of Represent- atives after the Presidential election to boss the whole job of for¢ing Tmben's election. He had himself put on the Investigating Committee ; was mado objector, and was the chief of the -obstructionists. Finally, all else failing, he proposed his bill giving to + Sonth will. be better off defeated candidates for the Presidency the fight to sue for the office in the courts. ‘When he introduced this bill he made one of Lis usual barangues, and in all the House, ont of 296 members, 190 of them being Demo- crats, his bill got 66 votes,—just about the sctual number of the more intense filibus- ters. The rest of the Democratic party had shaken him off, sod let him fall to the ground heavily. His Congressional record, brief ss it is, will be found to fittingly corre- spond with that of his professional career. He leaves the House to-day, it is to be hoped forever. — The Democratic minority of the Ohio Legislature, taking advantage of the nbsence of the Republican majority, have passed o resolution to the effect that they regret the election of Gov. Hayss, because it destroyed their “faith in the mercy, justice, snd beneficent goodness of Almighty Gop.” ‘This ees’ard! But isn’t it s little irreverent o adopt a resolution which by inference commits the Supreme Being to the Croyy frand, the Ohio and Indiana ballot-box stuff- ing, the bulldozing in Louisiana, and the thonsand and one other instances of Demo- cratic freud and corruption? If there is any- thing ““the putrid reminiscence” needs, it is a clear knowledge of Gop. We submit that, if the Democracy will only wait and have faith like o grain of mustard-seed, they will be much more likely to obtain that Jmowledge under Haves than they would have been if Trupen had been elected. Nevertheless, if the election of Mr, Haves has in sny manner tended to disturb their faithn Gop, we are sorry for i, for no party ever needed His help more. There is much that is encouraging and in- structive in the comments of the London newspapers ou the accession of Mr. Haves to the Presidency. All agree that the title which he has acquired to the offics is now undisputed. and congratulate the country upon escaping threatened anarchy. The Standard thinks such a result is worth all the sacrifice of party interest that was neces- saTy to bring it about. The Daily News thinks that if the desperadoes had prevailed the reaction would have been ruinous to the Democratic party, and of this thers is no doubt among the intelligent men of this country. It also predicts that the in many respects under Hayes than it would have beon under TiupeN. The Times, which always plays the role of ** Doubting Thomas” in American politics, and has a decided prediléction for the “onts,” is fearful that President Hayes will not develop the strength of character necessary to tho reforms, to which he snd the Republican party sre pledged. In this the Z'imes is likely to discover its error. But there is one sentence in its article well worth perusing, ¥iz.: “Reform means renewed life for the Republican party, and rapid progress for the United States; obstructiveness means the fatal opposites of theso gains.” THE APPROACHING LOCAL ELECTIONS. Now that the protracted uncertainty of the issue of the Presidential struggle has given way to the certainty of the pesceable inaug- uration of the man who was adjudged to bave the clearest title to the office, the pub- lic may turn its attention to subjects of scarcely less importance which have been overshadowed and neglected for some months. Chief among these for the people of Chicago is the approaching local election. The passage in the ‘House of Senator Kenor’s two bills for holding the city and town elections on the ‘same dey, and con- ducting both by the same machinery, if ac- complished within a few days, will bring the regular city election for Mayor, Treasurer, Attorney, Clerk, and Aldermen on the first Tuesday in April, a little less than a month from now. ‘Y'he urgency felt by the people of Chicago, and, for that matter, by the people of the entire State, to have these two clections occur on the same day will proba- bly induce the House to pass this measare early in the week. In that event, the people of Chicago will choose on ‘Tuesdny, April 3, both the men who assess and collect the taxes for the County Government and the men who administer the City Government for the ensuing year. Both these important elections occurring on the same day, they should command an attention commensurate with the vital interests and large mmonnt of money involved in the result. .Auto the town officers, the experienco of Chieago people ought to tench them that their selection is of the greatest importance, and that apathy as to their character is pro- ductive of the most serions nbuses. Hereto- fore the taxpayers have been at the mercy of the bummers. The offices and the con- trol of the election were in their hands, They established but a few voting- Dlaces, which were occupied by gangs of re- peaters, and stuffed the ballot-boxes to any extent that was subsequently found necessa- 1y. But if Senator Kimor’s bills pass the Honse, as they have already passed the Sen- ate, there will be as many voting-places for town officers as there are for city officers, and there is no reason why the aggregate vole of the three towns located within the limits of the city shonld not be as large as the city vote. Atall events, it will be the fanlt of the taxpayers themselves if they neglect the town election under the circuzn. stances. The same electionjudges will serve for the towns as for the city, and every repsonable protection scems to be provided against fraudulent voting, Tepeating, and ballot-box stuffing. It should be n matter of pride and duty with Loth political parties to place in nomination reputable and compe- teat citizens for the different town places, and the importance of the trust has been so fully demonstrated of Iate that leacing citi- 2ens can now be induced to accept it As to the city election, we ars menaced with a new attack of the bummer element, under the leadership of Mr. (: loxviy, who Ppresided over a two years aud a half ndminis- tration of reckless extravagerse, undisguised riot, and confessed corruption. It is etated with confidence that the Democrats will nominnte this man for Mayor, We have no influeace with the local Democratic maua- gers; but if they yun Corvay for Mayor it 331c for March and 96}c for May. Rye was | will be to hold out the promise of a renewal of the practices which rendered his former Administration so obnoxious to taxpayers and respectsble people. It will emaidl for the Republicans- to make a’ campaign ngoinsi open and defiant bnmmm's_m. It will be for the people to determine whether this city has sufficiently recovered already from the serious financial emba.mfzs— mentin which Couvry left it to again in- dulgs in a carnival of high salaries, fat con- tracts, big defaleations, extravagant anm- priations, and exorbitant texes. I!, will be for the respectable people, .Amencnn-bo.rn and foreign-born, to decide whether the city shall again be turned over to the depraved and vicious classes ; whether the thieves and bunko-men shall again enjoy immunity from prosecution; whether the gamblers shall have license to reopen their hells; and whether licentious shows and infamous dens shall be pablicly tolerated to lure the young into vice, and enconraged by the spsm_nl favor and personal attendance of city officials. In fact, the nomination of AMr. Couviy by the Democrats will make the issue very simple. The choice will be between a continuation of the economical administration of the finances and therigid enforcement of the laws we have cnjoyed this last year on the one side, and on the other a return to the disgrace and ex- travagance of COLvIN's regime, which expended 50 per cent more money, disgraced thecity by the disreputable conduct of its officials, ren- dered life and property insecure by encour- aging the criminal classes, and left a floating debt unprovided for which proved all but ruinous to the city’s credit. In opposing this mew rsid upon the tax- payers, we think the respectable and property-owning classes cannot do better than to nominate the present Mayor, and, as far as possible, all the Aldermen and asso- ciates who have acted with Lim in reforming the administration of munici- pal affairs. Mayor Heata has not only a large and useful experience, but he has proved himself to be the friend of economy and good order. Other gentlemen might be selected who are equally in accord with the taxpayers and respectable people ; but Mr. Heats has shown himself willing to give all his time and emergy o the. duties of the office, and it may not be an easy matter to find o man of equal position and capability who will consent to do so. At all events, it is time for good citizens to begin to interest themselves, for a determined effort will be necessary to prevent the professional bum- ‘mers from again fastening their fangs on the City Treasury. AN EVIL LEGACY—A BRIGHT FUTURE. Death sometimes brings joy to a commu: nity, if not to the family immediately con- cerned. It occasionally happens that the prosperity of a town or of a neighborhood is retarded for years by the continued life of a few wealthy old men, who own large tracts of land which they refase to sell or to build upon, while they resist taxes and oppose public improvements. Itis a common say- ing that before such alocality can prosper there must be a few ‘‘first-clnss fonerals.” We call to mind, also, as we write, the relief not long since experienced by a certain vil- lage not far away when one of its oldest in- habitants died, who had been a standing an- noyance and obstraction in the matter of public and private improvements, always turning up with a claim of damage or intru- sion, and blocking the way by vexatious pro- ceedings at law. When such men die the relatives put on mourning, while the people Tejoice. It was very much so when that * peculiar institution " of the South died. Slavery had many friends and extended interests while it lived ; and it has not a few sorrowing rela- tives left, now that it has gone to the grave. But it was a millstone about the national neck, and a drag to all the prosperity of the country. It disgraced our religion, it taxed our business, it confused our statesmanship, and it corrupted our politics. Patriots wait- ed in vain for it to die. Like the ancient settlers sbove referred to, it seemed to have a Merauseran-life, and it oppressively rode the national back, as heavy and tenacious as StxBap’s Old Man of the Sen. It finally died, but how, the historians do not yet agree. Some say by suicide; others by murder; and others by act of Gop. No matter how ; let it suffice that it is dead and can have no resurrection. But dead men leave legacies; and 5o do dead institutions, And legacies are not al- ways blessings, Heirs sometimes find that they have practically inherited an expensive lawsnit. In other cases they take, with the property, family quarrels, which embitter all that generation. Occasionally, ill-gotten riches seem to carry with them curses to the legatees. There is reason to think that Slavery, barbarous and cruel in its life, left just such an ill-fated legacy to our National Union,—a legacy of hatred and jealousy, of strife and ill-will, of dissension and division, of corruption and violence, of ignorance and vice. 'llie corpse is safely under ground, but its odor is continually exhaled, and the pestilential effccts can ensily be traced.’ ‘Twelve years have gone by since . the foneral; but, though no monument with a lying epitaph has been erected in its honor (albeit MarTiN ° Farquaar ‘CuprEe tried to write one the other day), the smell of the graveyard is all through the Sonth. The noisome perfume is in the State Legislatures, and pervades the garments of the Democrats who come from that section to Congress. And the nnnoying, as well a5 partly amusing, thing is that they like it, and wonder that the rest of the people do not tako to the fragrance! “You do not like it; you call it o vile stench? We will make you like it,and praisc it, and -use it, as so many of the Northern Democrats are glad to do.” Such is their langusge in the newspa- pers, at the polls, and on the” floor of Con- gress, They have talked jeeringly of the smell of -the negro; but that is eau de Cologne compared with the smell of the ‘Pputxid corpse of Slavery ! Now let us look troublesome facts in the face, and talk plainly about them. We do Dot mean to lose our temper, and we want to come to an intellignt noderstanding. Tt shall not be our faultif by the death of Slavery the nation receives only a legacy of discord and ill-blood. Propery it should only fall heir to millions of fertile neres in one of the sections of the land naturally most favored, and from which has now been lifted a mortgage of two centuries’ standing which drained away its value. The’ only reasonable problem is, how to minke the best of the situation; how tosecure the speediest and highest prosperity to the two races (now upon an equality before the law) which are to inhabit the lsnd together. Hostility between them iz madness for both. alike, and threatens ruin.to the whole land. Better counsels must prevail,.and, we beliove, will preveill. Twelve years of mistake, misrule, and misfortune should suffice to cool off passion, to_enlighten Inerpen‘enqe, and to teach lessons of wisdom. But it some- times requires sn outward occasion fo. fur- nish human pride with & seeming reason for a new departure, The mccession of Mr. Haves to the Presidency offers both the South and the Nor(h that occasion. He pledged himself, in his letter accepting the nomination, to a conservative and generous course. He will be true to his word, and, in so doing, to the interests of the country. He should be met in the same spirit, Sonth and North, and recognized as 2 high-minded mediator. The opportunity is one which the Southern whites should be prompt to seizf. The policy of race-proseription, of opposi- tion to the education of the freedmon, of in- timidation"at the polls, and of discourtesy and even violence towards immigrants fromn the North, has been a failure. Its continu- ance will simply make a hostile and implaca~ ble national political party, and will drive the negro to meet the rifle with the torch. Ina change of programme by the whites, plainly Mr. Haves will be able to do un- speakably more for them than wonld havebeen possible to Mr. Trupes, so far a$ o just and permanent settlement of difficulties is con- cerned; for Mr. Hayes has the confidence of the Republican party in every section, and of the freedmen at the South. He has had no connection with carpet-baggers, and is committed to no policy of armed Federal interference in State politics. The way is thus open for a new departure. Equally is it for the interest of the negro and his friends to recognize existing facts, and to welcome an arrangement by which the color line shall cease to be drawn on both sides, and the responsible management of local affairs shall como into the hands of the intelligence and property of the resident community. That this feeling will soon provail, many things argue. The March number of the American Missionary—the organ of the oldest, ablest, and most infinential of the societies for the benefit of the freedmen, nnd whose edifor has just returned from a South; ern trip—makes this significant editorial ut- terance, which speaks the minds of the for- mer ““Abolitionists "' The ciyil-rights agitation s over, s quiet future 15 anticipated; negroes arc buying land; free schools are extending; things are gradually adjust- ing themselves to the inevitable; and a better pab- lic sentiment Is forming. A large and growing clnss of farmers and business men, and an increas- ing number of colored men are tired of poli- tics, and care more more for prosperity and the comforts of life than for who s **in" or “iout.” One who reads Southern political news- papers, and one who drives through the country, meeting people at random, would come to very different conclusions in respect to the temper of the South. An ‘‘ege-to-cye" experience is ress- suring. Patriotism and good sense will soon ex- tricate us from past complications if all par- ties aro wise. The whites shall have fair play if they will give fair play to the negroes. The Republicans want no artifi- cial returns manufactured by a *‘ Returning Board”; but as little will they submit to “bulldozing” in politics. They invite their fellow-citizens of both races and of both parties to unite in inaugurating 2 mew era us wéil as o- new President,—an era of law, order, liberty, education, industry, and peace. AN INJUNCTION AGAINST LYING. A novel suit, involving a novel principle, has been brought in a Baltimors court by one agent against another, the object of the plaintiff being to obtain an injunction against the defendant to restrain him from lying abont the wares he has to sell. It appears that the defendant has been advertising the public that his goods, which were in the Centennial Eshibition, received more com- mendations than sny others of the same kind, and were held by the judges to be the best in the country. The plaintiff, who is a rival agent, krowing that the advertise- wment was false, and feeling aggrieved in his moral sensibilities as well as in his business interests, has brought suit to restrain his wicked rival from lying any longer about his wares, and the suit, at Inst accounts, was still pending, the Court being engaged in searching to seeif there is any injunmec- tion against Iying outside of the Decalogue. The course which this incensed” drammer ’has pursued suggests two practical considera- tions. It is, in the first place, a blow aimed at Centennial privileges. If he be success- ful, wherein lies the safety of other Centen- nial exhibitors? If the defendant in this ease is not allowed to expand his Centennial oxperiences far beyond the limits of veracity, is not a blow aimed at the very foundations of commercial prosperity? Where will this thing stop? It is a well-known fact that every pisno-maker in the United States, ex- cept those who do business in the Florida everglades or among the Pi Ute Indians, re- ceived the first prize at the Centennial, and every sewing-machine maker in this dis- tracted Republic has alrendy chronicled in the public prints, upon his shop windows, on traveling vams, across rocky hillsides, in public conveyances, and elsewhere, the bold announcement that the judges awarded to his machine the palm of excellence. What applies to pianos and sewing-machines applics with equal force to apple-parers, baby-jumpers, beck-scratchers, sausage-machines, hen-coops, coal-scuitles, stove-pokers, striped stockings, broom-han- dles, =nd other articles of daily use and eter- nal beauty. By what precedent of suthori- ty or by what argdment of reason can this hypereritical, if not hypocritical, drummer come into the courts, even in this Centen- nial year of license, and disturb this com- wercial equilibrium, cast & donbt upon the uniiversal maximum of American industry us compared with the pauper labor of the effete monarchies of the Old World, and dis- tract the innocent and confiding public with a galling suspicion that the skillet it is using is mot that original skillet which soared above all other skillets to the apex of the houseware pyramid and, received the award of excellence at the hands of the Committee on Skillets? If the great public thinks it has the best skillet, end that its Centennial griddle-cakes are better than ever before, what right has the skilet- maker over the way to disturb the public peace of mind with an insinuation that the Centennial skillet-tinker lies, 2nd he knows 1t? We want him to he. We feel proud that every American skillet, whether made in New York or Segunticook. can claim the first prize. Heis not s true. American citi- Zzen or conscientious son of toil who wonld lower his skillet from the proud position in which he has placed it, cven at the command of courts, The suit of this absurd drummer goes far- ther still than this. It is a blow nimed at the noble art of lying, a malicions interfer- ence with the dearest of personal rights. Tt is a covert attempt to reduceus all toa servile subserviency to truth, and make life uninter- esting. Itisn dangerous conspiracy to de- grade commercial values and lower that high Plane of thé imaginationwhereon all true sales- men stand.’ " If there is to beno Iying, what becomes - of the daring hyperbole of the book-agent, the luxuriant imsgination of the peanut-vender, the tropes und.meta- phors of the counter-jumper, wherewith he beguiles lovely woman into purchases ? . If there is 1o be no lying, what will the im-, presario do? Is he to be compelled to come forward and vulgarly state that Signorina Mante Doxovaxyt, late of La Scala and Co- Vent Garden, chamber singer to hier Majesty"] the Empress of Prussia, is only Mazrx Doxo- vax, of New York, and that his jmmense chorus of singers from the Furopean opera-houses is only a handful of lazzaroni picked up in & sttanded condition in cheap boarding-houses in New York 'and Boston? Who would ga to the dazzling spectacle with its bewitching and beautiful coryphees brought over at immense expense from Paris and Vienne, if the silly mauager should tell us that they were never nearer those gay capitals than the Archer road and Biler avenue? What man would dare to face midnight marital responsibilities if there were an injunction sgainst lying and count- ing-room and Masonic flights of the fancy ? If trifling perversions of langusge and immaterial expansions of ideas were forbid- den, what would become of the noble profession of the law, how many preachers would keep their pulpits, how soon would woman’s ascendency vanish, how stale and dreary political campaigns would grow, and what a general stripping off of masks there would be in this carnival of life! . The lie iz the one atomic, everlasting, unchangeable fact of the universe. The Devm lied, Apax and Eve lied, Camv lied, Davin, Jacos, Soroxoy, and ull the old worthies, conld lie on 2 pinch, Take away the lie from the web of human life, immediately it would lose its moorings and be blown about by every passing wind. If ANayms was really punished for lying, it must have been for not being an expert liar. If this Balti- more drummer wants trath, let him be thrown into the well where it Zies. COMPULSORY EDUCATION IN FRANCE. The educational crussde appears to be quite general throughout Europe, and in France it is beginning to take a practieal shape, as the Government has already taken the first steps towards free and compulsory education. There seems to be a feeling of national mortification, especially in Paris, that, whoreas the French aspire to be intel- lectual leaders, one-third of the people cannot road or write, and in some of the depart- ments 60 per cent of the people are abso- lutely illiterate, and so ignorant that many of tlhiem, when they voted for Louis Narorrox after the coup d'etat, thought they.were vot- ing for Narvorgoy L, returned from St. Helena. The proposition made by M. Wap- prNeToN, the Minister of Public Instruc- tion, is fhat after the 1st of January mext all the communes shall have power to make primary education gratuitous, and to de- fray the expense by special taxation. In & secord bill, M. WappiNeToN proposes that they may borrow from the State, for educa- tional purposes, ot the rate of § per cent. By the aid of these two bills, he expects not oaly to make - education free but compulsory also, and that in ten or twenty years the | French will be one of the best educnted people in the world. The Paris correspond- ent of the London Z'imes, however, inti- mates that thebills caunot be carried through the Assembly without a bitter struggle, and that the Roman Catholic Church will ap- pear in the field as M. Wappmveroy's bitter- est opponent. He describes the hold the Catholic Church already has upon the pri- mary schools as follows : All of them give religious lnstructions. So late- 1y, Indecd, au 1873, some private class-rooms in Lyons were closed because they were purely secu- lar. althongh the parents did wish the children to recelve religious knowledge, and the decree of sup- ‘pression was confirmed by the Superior Council of Public Instraction. Out of nearly 35,000 Com- manal schools for boys nearly 37.000 are specially Catholic, and that some 3,000 of the teachers, out 135,000, belong to a half-clerical brotherhood. Those ** Congreganistes,” ss they sre called, un- dergoa kind of clerical training, weara clerical garb, and for 4 term of years take some of the cler- ical vows. They are ns devoted champions of the Charch aa the priests themselves. and In competi- tion with Iny teachers they are the more formlida- ble becanse, belng unmarried, they can afford to sccept a trifling wage. Another distracting element in the dis- cussion will be the action of the Liberals, who will insist that the communal schools, if they are supported by special taxation, shall be purely unscctarian, and that these Congreganistes shall be excluded *altogether from teaching, One of the Liberals has al- rendy given notice of an smendment to the ‘Wanprvarox bills to the effect that all relig- ious instruction in the primary schools shall be given only by the ministers of the dif- ferent sects, and only after ‘the nsmal honrs of study, and will also move that the ordi- mary teachers shall confine themselves to secular knowledge. The battlo in Franco will evidently be substantinlly the samo as that in this conniry aud in England, the principal difference being that the very illiteracy of the French and its marked con- trast with the culturo of Germany is 3 pow- erful weapon in M. Wapprxeron’s hands. THE AMNESTY BILL. During Friday -night the House of Repre- sentatives took up and passed, without even the formelity of the yeas and naye, the bill granting amnesty to ail persons engaged in the Rebellion. The bill contained no excop- tions. This is the same bill which was pro- posed a year ago, and to which Mr. Bramve moved his amendment, excepting from the operations of the act Jerrenrsox Davis, be- cause of his responsibility for the atrocities at Andersouville. The debate on that occa- sion has become historical, and since then the principal'sctors in that debate, Messrs, Brarve and Hum, have been transferred to the Seuate. Tha action of the Republican party towards the Rebels has been of the most liberal char- acter. The only political penalty imposed was that of exclusion from office,. and this exclasion was confined to those ‘who, as mem- bers of Congress, o as officers of ihe United States, ns members of State Legislatures, or as executive or judicial officers of any State, had taken an onth to support thé Constitu- tion of the United States before they had engaged in the Rebellion. This exclusion was provided in the Fourteonth Amendment, which amendment also provided that the penalty might be remitted by a vate of two- thirdsof each House of Congress. Almost from the date of the adoption of the smend- ment, Congress began to’ restore ‘the fran- chise, and we do not believe that any appli- cation for amnesty was over refused. Presi- dent GRANT in several of his messages ad- vised the passage of a general act of amnes- ty including all who had not been restored Dy special scts to their politieal privileges. ‘When Ar. Buarye moved his amendment to the general act last spring, tha friends of the bill refused to make the exception proposed, and the bill consequently failed to obtain & two-thirds vote, and hos remained on the calendar of the House uatil now. . The time taken by Mr. Cox for moving the Passage of the bill* was an' auspicious one. state of mtense excitement pending the Electoral count. There was an angry and bitter faction determined to defeat the completion of the count, and to plunge the country into a state of anarchy, resuiting not only in a contested succession to the Presidency, but in a civil war. The House was overwhelmingly Democratic, and that party was laboring under all the excitements and bad feelings of defeat and disappoint- ment. Onpe-half or more of the Democratic members 50 far conquered their prejudices and their party affiliations as to unite with the Republicans and enforce the law, com- plete the count, and secare the peaceful suc- cession of President Haves. These patriotic Democrats, while practically doing no more than their sworn duty, nevertheless put party clnmor at defiance, snd overcame the strong faction who were intent on revolution. Tae Republicans were naturally jubilant over their great victory; as victors they felt kindly disposed towards all mankind; they felt deeply grateful towards those Democrats who had aided them in completing the count, and it was while they wera thus happy and jubilant that Cox made his motion for .o general amnesty, and in the general good feeling there was hardly an ob- jection,—not an objection strong enough to demand the yeas and nays,—and the bill énssed. It is possible that the bill will be passed in the Sonate, and that in the ers of genernl kindness and fraternity, and the® new construction of parties, in which the Rebellion, and the Lost Couse, and the color- line in politics, will be buried together for- ever, the victorious and magnanimous Re- publicans will pass the bill, and not dignify JzrF Davis by making o special exception of him in the genernl and finnl amnesty. RAINDROPS AND EATLSTONER. Prol. OsBORNE ReYNOLDS recently read be- fore the Manchester (Eng.) Literary and Philo- sophical Society a very interesting essay on the manner in which rafndrops and hallstones are formed. He says that when the particles of wateg or ice which constitute a cloud or fog are all of the same size, and the air in which they are sustained is at rest or Is moving in one di- rection, then these particles can have no motion relatively to each other. The weight of the particles will cause them to descend through the air with velocities which depend on their diame- ters, and, since they are all of the same size, they will all move with the same velocity. Under these clrcumstances, therefore, the par- ticles will not traverse the spaces which scparate them, aud there can be no aggregation so 13 to form raindrogs or aflstones. If, howeser, some of the particles of the cloud or foz attain a larger size than others, these will descend faster than the others, and will consequently * overtake those immediately Deneath them; with these they may combine so as to form still larger particles which will move with greater velocity, and more quickly over- taking the particles iu front of them will add to their size at an increasing rate. Under such circamstances, therefore, the cloud would be-| converted Into rain or hall according as the partidles were witer or ice. The size of the drops from such & cloud would depend simply on the quantity of water suspended in the space swept through by the drop in its descent, that s to say, ou the density and thickness of the cloud below the poiut from which the drops started. That this is the way in which raindrops snd halistones are actually formed Is proven by ob- servation of ordinary hailstones. = They are generally irregular, but all partake more or less of a conical form with a rounded base, like the sector of a sphere; and the agereguted particles fit closely together, but withont the erystaliiza- tion observable fn the snowflake. They suggest the self-cvident fact that the larger mass, in catching up and agglomerating with the smaller particles, not only grows on the forward side, bat that that forward surface tends to widen out, like the basc of a cone, from the fact that some of the particles would strike the face so near to the edge that they wonld overhang if thyy adhere at all. The deformities, or depart- ures from the reguler conical form, may result from aggregations of the principal mass with smaller ones overtaken in the descent, and also from a rotary motion of the stone, geunerated by these impacts. This is in addition to the changes - in ontline caused by striking the earth, or an object on its surface, ot the end of thedirect fall. 1tis evident that the larger the principal mass the greater must be the velocity with which it will overtake the smaller particles, and the more forclbly will they cohere. This explains the fact of ercater density In proportion tothesize of the hailstone which has often been noted. If the velocity be sufficient, as where the stones become as large asawalout, the particles will strike (or be struck) with sufficient force to adhcre as' solid fce, provided the temperature be mot far below the freezing point. Huilstones are, thercfore, not formed by the freezing of raindrops, nor by the condensationof vapor on ¢ nucleus of lce; and it is impossible that the particles of ice can Lave been drawn together by electrical attrac- tion. ‘The conical shape of the structure and the observed increase in the density towards their thicker sides clearly shows that the par- ticles have aggregated from one direction, and with an Increasing force as thessize of the stone has been fnereased. That this is not mere theory, but fact, was proved by introducing a stream of very finely- powdered plaster-of-Paris into a jet of steam. The resulting forms exactly resembled that of the hailstone fn structure, but with stecper sides to the cone, owing to less adesive power on the par¢ of the plaster. Similar masses were also obtained by blowing the vapor of napatha- line, but these were also very fragile. Where- upon it is remarked: /At ordinary temperatures the powdered naphtlvsline does not adhiere like ice when pressed fnto a lump. No doubtat very low temperatures ice would behave in the same way, that is- to say, the particles’ would 1ot adhere from the foree of impact. Hence it would secm probable that, for hailstones to be formed, the temperature of the cloud must not be much below the freezing-point. ‘fhat the effect of the temperatire of the cloud exercises areat influence on the character of the hailstones cannot be doubted. (And if, 85 has been suggested by M. L. Durouk, the particles will sometimes remain fluld, cven when the temperature is as Jow as 02 Fabr., it is clear that, as they are swept up by a falling stone, they may freeze inte homogencous ice elther in 2 laminated or erystalline form. The anthor then shows .that raindrops are probably formed in the same way as haflstones; that, although' the raindrops have no structural peculiarities like the hailstones, the aggregation of the particigs of water by the descent of the drop through the cloud is the only explanation which will acconnt for them. He shows tbat, as Mr. BAXENDELL had previously poiated out, the amount of vapor which a cold drop could con- dense beforc it becomes as warm ns the vapor would be inapprecicble when com- pared with the size of the drop; and since, n order that there might be condensa- tion, the air must be warmer than the drop, the drop could not part with its heat to the afr. He al50 shows that during the time of descentof a large drop the beat Jost by radiation would not account for the condensation of sufficient vapor to make any apgreciable difference in the size of the drop., Whereas, if we suppose all the vapor which a body of saturated air af 60° Fahr. would contain over and above what it would contain at 32° to be changed into o for or dloud, then if a particle, after commencing todescend, agaregated to itelf all the water suspended in the volume of air through which it swept, the diameter of the drop after passing through 2,000 feet wWould .be more than s eighth of an inch,and after passing through, 4,000 fect a quarter of an inch, and so on. So that, i passiog through8,000feet of such clond, it would acquire a diameter of balf an inch, ‘The fact that raindrops never attain the gize of haflstones is explained as “being “d; mobllity in the case of large drops purface tension”of the water, by which alo, the drop retains its form,-to withstand the & turblng force of the mr rushing past; when drop reaches a certain size, therefare, §t, blown to picees like the water from a fountajy The origin of stones and drops is then gy cussed—why . some of the. rarticles in. 2 clony should be larger-than the others, asitfs Deces. . eary for them to be in order that they may copy. mence & more rapid descent. . A cloud does ot always rain; and hence . it. would that o thelr normal " condition 'the’ e ! ticles of a clond are all of the ‘same size g have no internal motion, and that the variation of size is due to some frreularity or distart. ance in the cloud. Such irregularity Wouid re. - sult when a cload is cooling by radiitiog * {rom its upper surface. Tue- particles on the top of the clond heing . more exposed wonld rg. diate faster than those below them, and henge they would coudense mnore vapor snd prow more rapidly it size. They would therefors g scend and leave other particles to form the top of the cloud. In this way we should have Iy - embryo a continuous succession of drops. . Eddies in the clond also form another possi - Dle cause of the origin of drops and stones. " ——— PAINPUL EXPERIMERTS OF MAN, . A new development of tne discussion fo re- gard to the restriction of viviseetion, which has proceeded for some mouths in the Enelish jour. : nals, is afforded by two cases of medical cruelty recently brought to light. The facts ‘are not to thy poty vaguely stated, but are set forth with clreum- * - stantiality in regurd to names, places, and dates. The statements are made, moreover, not in any sensational journal, but i the recognized organ of medical opinion In Great- Britain, the Lantet - itsclf. Bothof the sufferers were paticnts fn - the Glasgow Royal Infirmary, and were cffictad with hydrophobfa. The first case was that of a man bitten by a doz on the 22d of July whodid . not develop hydrophobic ' symptoms untll - the 224 of September. He - was admit- ted to the infirmary on the 27th of the . latter month, when the disease was raging in bis system with unusual.violence; on the morning of the day after he was first treated = he gave evidence of improvement, and hopes * were expressed of bis recovery.. Butat 8:800n - the alternoon of that day = dog passed through the ward, and was seen by him. ~ Immediately * his madness returned with renewed vigor, and he grew steadily worse from that ttine untll the : 24 of October, when he died. «-It is hinted that the appearance of the dog—an unusual thing {n o hospital—was not accidental, but-had been - planned by some of the medical attendants, who wished to experiment upon the patient; whether « this bypothesis is correct or not, it i in & meas- - ure borne out by the fact that very.cruel ex- . periments of a slightér kind were deliberately tried upon him afterwards. His horror of water was well marked; yet we find in the medical reports careful descriptions of- the elfect pro- duced upon the patient by the pouring of water ~ {from one vessel to another’ fn his hearing, and by the sprinkling of a few drops upon his face, In a Incid faterval, after this list: futeresting ' and valuable experiment, the patfent complain. - ed of *such alow trick being done upon him.”. At other times he begged unavailingly to have the rupning water in‘an adjoiningroom stopped, and asked to have those about him take him | into a quiet room and make an end of him. . ‘When breathed upou-and fanned by a towel he fnvariably became incoherent and maniscal, which symptoms the medical atteadants chose® to consider another important scientific” dls-" covery, and consequently lost no favorable opportunity to breathe upon him: and fan him. Onc of the attendants records the phenomenon that, after a spasm cansed by an inciting object, - the paticnt remained - comparativeiy quiet, “without be wes again provoked.” Thisis positive proof that he was -provoked, and on, more than one occasion. The second hydro- phobic patient was admitted to the same in- firmary on Oct. 16. With the recept experience afforded by the sufferings of the. previous patient, one of the physicians ‘‘took a basin containing water, and, lifting up some in a. ladle, allowed it to drop with a splash.” The man’ was lying ‘compsratively quiet, but on’ hearing this he started - up and cried, “Oh, Gop, that water! that water! Saveme! Save me!” On being acain’ tortured the man cried out: *Don’t annoy me;* don’t aunoy 'me. You are criticising me to fo- crease your knowledge, not for my good.” The forcé of this reproach will be felt by all lay and professional readers in.this country, as it has been In Great Britaif. - We may.go far- ther and say that both these patients were tor- tured by these Glasgow medical men not for the purpose of-increasing the sum of human knovwledge, or even for the small end of sdding to their ‘own professfonal - acquirements,’ bat merely from a spirit of Idle~we -may also sy’ criminol—curfosity. The symptoms attending” ageravated cases of hydrophobia have been again' and again described In the books. Nothing Is* clearer than that a bydrophobic patient has & mortal aversion to water; and it Is a propesition that nceds no demonstration that sclence can galnnothing from customary suffering needlessly ioflicted. These cases, it may trutnfully be said, areisolated. They show neither the practice of the profession nor the spirit of respectable med- ical men towards human suffering. They do shor, however, that the canons of professional Qecorum in this respect arc not sorigidlydefined as they ougltt to be. The bearings of the facts on vivisection are also important. They farnlsh justification, if. any Were' needed, of the bl on the subject lately. brought up in .the British Parliament. So long as emivent med- jcat men, like those: in of the Glasgow Infirmary,can Iend themselves to cruel: ty such as that described in the Lancel, there s no assurance that vivisection will be conducted properly without legal supervision. .There 18 plainly need of a law-officer at the elbow of every enthusiastic doctor. It theJower animals aretobecutup fn the cause of science, ther should be cut up by practitioners whose human- ity is gently stimulated by the Lnowledge of legal penalties for the. ?nfllcflcn of nnntce!ul'l‘ suffering. . . ——— The rumor that the ex-Queen-of Hanover snd her children had joined the Church of Romehas been officially denled. Had . the rumor been true, the Crown Prince ErxesT and his sisters would have forfeited their rights of succession to the Crown of England. The forfeiture, how- ever, wonld bave been of little account, as they are thirty-fifth in the line of succession.” The order as it now stands is, the Prince of Wales and his children, the Duke of Edinburg aod his children, the Duke of Connaught, .Princs LrzoroLp, the Princess Imperial of Germanys Prince WILLIAM of Prassia and his six brothers and sisters, the Princeds Lous of Hesse and ¢ix children, the Princess. CHRISTIAN of Schieswig- Holsteln and four children, the Princess Lours®, and, last of her present Majesty’s Issue, the Princess BraTeicE. TFollowing these come King Georce of Hanover, the Crown Prince Enr~ssT (who was alleged to haye gone over to Rome), thirty-fifth in_the succession, and the Princesses FREDERICA and MARY. The Duke of Cambridge Is the thirty-eighth in the succes- sion. — The New York Times concludes s leader follows: ¥ Thas situated, Mr, Hayzs will need all the morsl help that can be rendered him Ly Republicans who are not office-seckers, and who care only -for the usefulness of the J:my and the of the country, * He is told beforehand that the Demo- cratic ‘fomenters of anarchy will not cease uasail- ingthetitle by which he will hold his office, and that they will concede to him nelthrer snpport nor courtesy. There are still reasons for hoping that. while Democrats of this clous may -show that they are as unmindfal of the mannersof gentlemen a8 mhe “n_ifiruh lar IIA‘tumun. oxlhzri( noi of }:eal_! y interpret generonsly Mr. IAvES Tives and fudge of his dministeation by its fruite. Still. it Ia evident that, if he fs to-fulfll the expec- fations entertained “respecting him, be must Teartily sustained by the maln body of the Repub- Hean Bmge throushont the mnnz:{. The cholcs he wlll be constramed to make wiil be betwsen sinister, huckatering politicians and the people; and the'people must stand by him if. ho i 10 536 ce . " 7 There was a very interesting debate recently in the German Parliament upon the ‘increase of Socialism ‘{u the Empire. The Minister of th8