Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, March 3, 1877, Page 9

B e ———————— THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, MARCIH 3, 1877—TWELVE PAGES. LITERATURE. uth Africa--=Life in the =R Colony of Natal. Blue Laws---English Classics- Ancient Geography---Ire land---Pottery. Statesman’s Yoar-Book---The Cas- toflani and Cesnola Collec- tions of Antiquities. Qold in the Arctic Regions-— Misfortune and Ill- Health. ‘Extraction of Attars-=-Fish«Cul= ture===A Venomous Spider. The. Apple as a Health-Preserver--- 2 Gfrl:w-Anlmnln--.-Whnt 1s Mind? LITERATURE, 8OUTIL ;\Elflfi:\i o I AFRICA. Dy Lady Binren, TR I T ation-Life tn” Nav Zealgnd, *Vatorics Abonl," etc. Bvo., pp. 130, Fiila, deiphias J. M. Lippincott & Co. Chicago: nuulcy.;!ml. & Co,, and Jansen, McClurg & Co. * Priee, 81 A nicw book by Lady Barker la surc of acor- dlal grecting from all who know the sprightly and entertalning gifts of the author, It has Dbeen ber lot to rovea good deal about the world, and to dwell at varfous times in all the four cor- ners of its and cverywhere sho has displayed the happlest tralta of tho traveler and the colo- nlst. With tho cheericst good-humor sho ae- commodates herself to movel creumstances, overcoming or aceepting with unruflled spirits the most uncomfortable experiences, and cou- ing out victorlous from cvery oneof thewn by ihic slmple force of & braveand blithe disposl- tion, Her bouks are chiefly made up of reconls of her life in remote snd newly-scttled lands, and refleet, fu their animated pages, the gay, sunny uature of tho writer. ‘Tho present work comprises a scrics of Ietters dated In Natal, an English colony situated on thesonthenst const of Africa, about 800 miles northeaat of tho Cape of Good Hope. In Octo- Ver, 1876, Lady Barker followed her husband, whohad preceded hee by clght mouths, to this distant and obscure quarter of tho globe, and tuok up her residenco In’ Pletermarltzhurg,—or Marltzburg, a8 sho ealls It,—tho capital of tho coluny. Thetown L fifty-two miles inland from D'Urban, or Port Natal, and 2,000 fect above tha Tevel of the ses. It boasts of forty yeurs of erowth, ani atil), as- Lady Borker avers, 18'ono of the shabbicst asscmblages of dwellings exist- Ingg fu any of the English colonies, It conslsts tat afew etralght, wide, grass-grown sircets, which are only pleturcsque at n little distance on account of thelr having troes on cach side. + « + « There Ia not a single handsome, and . hardiy a decent, bullding in thewhole place. The slrcets, as I saw them after g raln, are veritablo sloughs ot despoud, but they are capable of he- Ing chanzed by dry ‘weather into deserts of dust, . . There are somo falrly goud shops, but they moke no show outslde, and, within, he prices of most of tho articles solid ure near- Iy doubls what the samo things would bring elthor nt Mcibourno or at Christchareh.! There are no navigable rivers in Nutal, and ns et no rallronds arv in runniug order, nfilmuwh & lnu of 350 miles, begining at D'Urban, {9 in process of construction, ANl travel and trane- perintion are, thereforey accomplistied over highways which, ot most mes of the year, aro na ncurlg fmpassablo condition. Every artfclo ueed by the colonists (s dragged st a slow pace over these roads In huge wagons drawn by from twenty to furty oxen, At tho head of th{n long Yino of bullocks “wnlks & Kafir lad called o *forclooper,’ Who tugs at a rope fastencd to the lorns of the lnml(n{; oxen, and, in matcents of generul confuslon, fivarlubly seems to puls the wrung string aud get the whole tenm ]nln an lnextricable tangle of horng ond yokes.” Dur- fuge o single duy, 190 of these teans may bo counted betyeer D'Urban and Muritzburg. “Homething 1fke 10,000 oxen, says Lody Barker, * tofl over this one road suminer anid winter; and what. wouder is it, not only that werchinndlse costs moro to feteh up ” from 1"Urbuu to Maritzhure than it doesto bring 1t out from England, but that beef §s dear and bad! As transport pays better than furming, we hear on all aldes of farms thrown out of cultivation, and, 08 n necessary conaequence, milk, butter, and 50 furth are scarcs and.. poor, sud, in the nelehborhood of Marltzburg, at Tuast, it Is eatecmed a favor to let you have clther at exorbitant ln'h‘es and of most inferlor quality, When ous looks round at these counte 1eas acres of splendld gruzing tand, mokiog o sart of natural park on cither hand, 1t scetns liko a bad dream to know that we have con- stantly to use preserved milk and potted mcat, gl b‘cly'x cheaper and caster o procurs than realt,’ Fucl tu very scarce and dear, The only wood- ed lauda {n"the country are contined to the v ity of the mountalusin the western portlon, snd {o certaln tracts nlong tho sea-const, Bhude and fralt treca have Lieen plentitully planted by the colonists; but, except whicre these. are ar- tifichaily eultivated, the hilla aud rolling plains of the {nterior aro destituto of any loftlor vege. fation than the shirubbery locally termed Sbush.,” fu .\lnrllzhmfl “uluc sulil sovercigns ptrchase you o tolerable-sized load of wood sbout equal for couking purposes to a'tun of «oal.” A for provislons, milk, nlwnP sold by the quart-bottle, fs from fourpence Lo sixpency 8 bottle; meat Is elghitpence & Enuml. and of very Indifferent qunu‘tly; butter brings two or tbrea shillings & pouwd, s egea us much pee dozen, Indeed, from Lady Barker's account of the |Il¥|l price and scarcity ol all articles of 100d, Maritzburg would seent ta live o a chirou- featate of fumine, Tondd o the triala of tho colonists, the horses ara subject to a mysterious sllment which proves (atal 1 & few hours: wd foule, busides_exhibiting a gencral imbocility of department which uniits’ them for the duties of fl"flu‘fi"‘ are peculiurly susceptible to deadly Tho winter In Natal bogins in April and ends fn Ht‘vlcmhc:l und s w dry seuson. | The slimate "‘l Pronounced salubrious, and o by settlers des tlared 1o bo the nest n {he world} but, aceard- fugto Lady Barker's mpraunmdun-. it must copletely bewilder cne with [ts abrupt anii e: tremo clinges, I summer, which s the we ecason, furious thunder-storts are of dally oo :lllurlzuw.- When tho lightuing pours down Irom b _; ow nk{:mm‘ n “flouds of blazing violet :‘d" the thunder peals {n territle detonations, l.el tl h'."l"""' in rivers uud caseades of wu- lr'i These starme are apt to be bricf, coming :'l olne with celerity, aud leaving the skles b 1{ ufium the airs purd behind them, ‘They ef- ;:lulu y Iutcrfero, however, with ail plans. of n ‘l our pleasure, (or eyery walk, or ride, or pleale featival is hiobte to o drenching which de- '"fif"" with extremely it waruing. 2 Befors [ came hiere, writes Lady Barker, mcteoroloists wiedto tell mg that the Mg axe; teuineraturs of Marltzburg was an- Saqe—mentioing sometllng very gquabilo men‘i‘:&afut; but tl you see, thes thiy T Letween: weather-theories and .p“;;m e Of thy weather [teelf: it Is sadly ) fl"" luta extremes, and degrees of heat nm‘lm aro very differcot when totted up and lilng etd over many weeks, from the same on S bolted i Jumps, . ", "To keep at all e d wt dn;t with the thermometer hiere, ono 18 quite on o34 tiree or four times u day; wnd It wfinl.ln ]n‘lk}m curds that a muuslin gowu sud oy S Jucket way both bo pleasant wear onthe R mmf’-‘ A“muulll after winter bas st in, qulte gl ‘l!“;:' it [s certainly cooler, at thuca Wity .vw. Ut the sudden spusime of fierc, hot ure the Llaziog sun duriug the mid-day for o ..%N” the more withering and scarching wonlng ;:‘l&uywuh the Jower lcmiwn\tum of Sort of the Ty g™ Buy tiw chic! diwomn- Wikds uw’;‘:&"- &‘la":lintcr 11 Nutal fs the dust, Toals, ang g 3 chokil vlnudl‘l.‘- ‘Em' LIFE cw, deep lu the Yory u:i w'llt.h lglluglu 3 » uow and then'a dust- Vi pseurm whea W perfeet, burrlcance of cold it lea dust b solid ghects béfora them. ened by m“’- the “’f tation, coystautly molst- ey {ux us, la‘xlmw 14 the tropleud climute with lows ‘“}l‘! e Tho rich goil everywhere RN el its wealtn of Lush follage wnd flow- Lady Barkerts Detide the rash person,” walls rodiais the ‘o ventures out of Aho beaten frealing gp g5 %", Thero &s o riek of your & suake, aud a cestaluty of your treading ona frog. * Then, too, on the tip of every ereen blade there 15 pofsed. a viewous tick, ready o teansfer fiself to the garments of the !):I.!lmr-h\', and {minedintely after to bury its head fn the naked flesh,” They must he the bullalors of the Inscet tribe, these ticks.” re- marks the lady, “for a aharp needlewilt scarcely dislndge them. AL the last extremity of ex- traction they nm,‘- hurrow thelr heads deeper into the akin, and will lose this Important part of thefr tiny bodien eooner thay yleld to tha fenuc»l Ieverage.” Frogs In abonls leap Into he house at tho” approach of storms, but only once svas 4 venomous anake found within doors. This was colled up in the nurscry where the haby was nlccpln‘x, but was dispatched with no other dam: than the loss of the Imhy's cup of milk, which It had drunk, - No wondar that, after this adventare, Lady Barker writes, wif reqnires a certain amonnt of persunsion and re- monsirance now to Induce nn{ of us to go into aroom first In the dark; and there have been many 1alsc alarms and necdiess shricks causeid by the lash of one of G—"s many whips, or cven A boot-lace, getting trodden on in thoe dark."” 4 The population of Natal fs about 817,000; hut only 17,000 of the whole nuinber arc whites, ‘The remalnder aro broken Zulu tribes, Lhe most doctle and Intelligent of the Kalle races, Upon tiem the whites depond for labor, and a most uncertaln devendence (o they prove. The Kufir men, In a wild state, llve In lileness,—their women belng merely slaves, aml performing cvery menjal service, With proper tcm.-hlur: they make tolerable scrvants: but the dife ficulty of tralning lizy savages to habits of In- tlustry and the customs of civilization may bo Imagfned, Lady Barker bad four of theso awkward, Ignorant natives in her Jittle Lox of A cottage, and no upper servant In lier own Jand would toll as she must peroetually, In drilling and oversceing these fncumpetent at- tendants. As for anything ltke sucfuty In Ma- ritzburg, It Is entirely out of the question. No | houses re large enough to enterialn company, 110 ong has scrvanis eapabie of getting up o do- cent dinner, ana all are too poor, consideriy he stato of the market, to furnish a table with dishiea fit for n foast,: Finally, the weather is alwaya too “ maddeningly uncertain’ to renider 1t safe for one Lo plan an entevtalnment of any sort, and count upon the certalnty of guests he- ing able to get Lo ity or get away from it with- out lasiny to encontnter. the dnugers of o tem- peat, and deluzed ronds, and swollen streams, dy Barker did attend one littls dinner- party, however, anid, notwithatanding all her cxperience of the fnjurfous effuct of alternate damp and dust on finery, belng tempted tocrown her tollet with n hit of delleate head-gear, this 13 tho unfortunate circurnstance resulting from lier folly: “Imagine n lovely, soft summer- oveuingy broad doylight, “though It 18 balfpast ¥ (it will be’ dark directly, however); o dinner-party sto bo reach- ed a couplo of miles away. The little open car- rlage is at the door, und Into this I step, swath- 1z my gown carefully up inahiuge shawl, This er\utlun i cspeelilly necossary, for, during lie afternoon, there has been a terrifle thunder- storm aud a sudden sharp deluge of raln. e~ sldes nswnmp or two to be plowed through ns Lest wo mnay, there are those two milles of deep red muddy road, futl of nmsl and_ big stones, an pitfalls of afl sorts, - The drive home in the dark will be nervaus work, but now in daylight et ue enjoy whilst we mni',:7 .Of eourse Vouyht to have taken niy alln Iu s box, or bug, or sumg- thing ot tho sort; but that scemed foo muclh trouble, espeefally as it was so small it needed to b finnly piuned ou in its place, -1t conslsted of u centre or crown of white crepe, a little frill of the snme, and a close-fitting wreath of decp red feathors nll round. Very neat and tidy it looked ns Ttook tny ladt plance st it whilst [ hastily knotted o light black Ince vell over my hend “by way of protection ‘lufl“‘i iy dilve, When 1 got to iy destination there was no looking-ginss to be scen unywhere, vo maid, no nnythingoranybodytowarnme. Into the dining. room Imarched lnhanyunwlmlunmcuunuu. 0 extreme dampness ol tho evenlng had flattened the crown of my cap, and that it aud ita Irl were mere unconsidered Hup raga, whilst the unpretending cirelet of feathers had startud Into undue prominenve, and_stitck strajzht out like ared nlinbus all round my unconscious head. How my fullow-gucsts managed to keep thelr countenatices, 1 canuot tell. 1 am certain 7 never could have sat npem\lm to any one with such an Olihbewny Tndlan's bead-dress on, with- out glegling, But no one tiavu mu the leaat hint of my misfortune,and ftonly burst upon me sud- donly when 1 returned to my own roomn aud my own gluss. Btil, there was a ray of bope left; 1L might kave been the dawpnessof the drivd lomne which had workod me this swoe. I rushed into F.'s dressingz-room, and demandea quito fiereely whether my cap bad been like that all the thine. " i 1 i 4 ¢ \Yhy, yes,' F. admitted; adding, by way of m\uo!nfiu'n?' W fact, 1t {4 o good deal subdued now§ it was very wild all dhmer-time, 1 can't :;uym '-glmlrod 1t, but I supposcd it was all ight.’ “ DIJ ever any one hear of such apathyl In answer $o my repronches for not tolting me, ho only sald, ¢ Why, what, coull you have done it you hud known{ Tuken it off and put it in your pocket, or what' #1 don't know, but anything would have been better than sltting at tablo with a thing only it for a May-Day sweep on one's head. Iu makas mo hot and angry with myself even to think of it now." adies only can_sppreciate to the full the misery of this ludlcrous occurrence, and, for thelr editieation especially, we qitote angther of Lady Barker's tantalizing experiences of o slini- Inr charneter, “ A worse climate and conutry for clothes of every kind and deseription,” sho writcs, % cannot be fmagined. When [ flrst ar- rived, 1 thought I had never scen such uwly toflettes fu,oll my Nifu; and 1 should hayo been Tess thun woman (or more—which is [t6) £ I had uot derived somo sceret satisfuction from the possesslon of at least prettior garments. What was vain of fu my sceret heart wus iy store of votton gowns. Ono can't very well wear cot- ton gowns Ju London; aud, ns I'nm partlculurly foud of them, 1 lnuuumlr- mysell for golng abrond by rushing wildly Into extensive purchases” In camnbrica and print dresses, They are so - pretty and so choap, and, when charmingly ~made, na. infne were (alns, they are alrendy things of the pastl), nulhlngmn bo so patlafactory i the way ot summer country-zarb, Well, 1t has leen pre- elnely In the matter of cotton gawns that I have been punlshed. for my vanity.. For u day or 0, euch gown I Lurn Jooked charmiug. —Then cae a flontuce or borderhng of bright red carthy on the lower skirt, and a general Jmpresslon of Ted dust and dist ail over it, That wus aftera drive Into Maritzburg, along u road plowed up WOk wagons, UL L jelt no uncagiiicas, What Is a catton gown made for If not to be washodl Away I goes to the wash! What fs this Ilmrl discolored rn;i] which returna to o frotemolded, blued unth It ls neasly black, rougli-dried, starched ty patchics, with the fringg of red earth only more tirnly tixed than before ! lichold iy favorite ivory” gownl My white gowna are even in 4 worse plight, for \fwru ary 1o twa yards of them the same; and tho gro- tesque mlxture of extremo yellowiicss, extreime blucness, und a pervadiig tingo of the red mud they bavo been washed fu, renders them 8 plteaus oxample of mispluced conflee Otlier things. fure rather better,—not muu but my pour gowna ure only hopeloss wrocl al 1 an reduced to 8y soine uld yacl 0 of tiekine und serge. The prlu? :’i luth"‘xfi‘: this spolllug process s pleasantly called, fa envrimous, und I exhaust iy facultics lu devis- ing more cconomlcal wrrangementa, We can't » wuali at Lionie, for the aliple reason that wo huye no water, no proper appllauces of any sort; and to build and buy such would cost a small furtune, Butu tall " Kaflr, with s badge upon bls arm, conies now at daylieht every Monday ‘morniug, and takes away w hugo sacktul of Nnen, which 1s. placed, with sundry pleces of suap and blue fn lts smouth, all ready for bim, He briugs It back in tho arternoon full of clean wid dry linen, for which ho recelves threo shils Jings aud slxpence, But this s only the Orst stage, Thethings to Lo starched “have to bo sorted and sent to ot woman, snd thoso to by mungled 1o wnother; and both lots have to be fetelied hiotne uguiu by ‘T'oin and Jack," After these storles of )Mfo In South Atrics, who i3 willing o become & colontst In Natal} Barker thinke the country will never be popular with European umlfimn 4, nor van it be untll some " of the many disadvantages under which It now labors have been mudified or over- ‘corge by the fuzenuity and resolution of capl talists and colunists, c Lady Barker's lcttets blend amusenicat with lustruttion; stifl, thero Is less of tho Jutter than ono suxious to acquire detlnjte iuformation abaut Natal might wish, It would have becu caay for er to glve satisfuctory statistics re- fiunllmx wuny matters which sho hus contented ersclt with “touching in o Mzght and cossipy tuaguer, sud her readers would In that cide havo felt thelr gratitude fucreased nu corre- sponding degroe. ———— i ENGLISII OLASSICS. CONDENSED CLASSICS, ROB HOY. By Sir Walreg Bcory, Hart. Coundensed by Russtrn JoiXadk, 30010., ppe £10, © New York: Henry & Co. Chicage: Jansen, McClurg & Co. Frice, $1. SIIt ROUER DE COVERLY. CoX¥#isTixu oP TUE Pavzus Revaming 7o Sju Rogeu Wiicn Waug URUINALLY PUBLISURD DR Srreraton, W an Introductory Esday by Joux 1anbknro 1w, pi 190, New York: d. P.° Pyulua Stlmm Calcagu: Jansen, McClurg & Co. * Py I young rveaders and thoughtlces readers, who tuke up oue of the *Condenscd Olassivs,' whl bear inmird that they aro wot making ac- qualntance with -tho cowmplete work of the author which {hioy have In hand, and that, there- fure, Uk 1§ or distike Ib os (hey ooy, they bave no right to regard thelr feeling as broadly and safely fonpded, one of the objectlons tn the mutilation of a plece of literature which, by the beauty of its original form, lms won regard 0a & work of art, would he removed. There 1s cogency (n the argu- ments ueed In defense of the * Condensed Ciassles,” that they eoable many to get some knowledge of the masterpleces of a past gen- cration who otherwlse could get nonej and that, 1n 5o far as tho judgment of the editor can seryo correetly for that of a multitwde of in- dividualitics, just those paragraphs have been omitted which, least necessary to the coherénco of the story, are habitually skipped by.the reader on a flrst, and morg certalnly on a second, perusal. Thera 18 na doulit that a child, or the 5:,;1.; order of adult mind, may be at- teacted toread Y Rob Roy™ In its present re- dneed shape, when it would be repelled by the formidable length and the prosy passages of the orlginal work. Thin Is an acknowledgment we make {n favor of the tden of condexalag ol and standard books that arc fn dabger of being crowded back and Jost Lo sight by the pressuro of current. works posscssing the advantave of nlnw.'ll_v, and harmony with the spirit ol .tho timo, Tho same reasoning applies to tho series of s¢Belect ritish Essnylsts,’ the last number of which contains the casays from the Spectator whereln the gentlo ehargcter of » Bir Roger de Coverly? Is portrayod. It is a pleasant siyle in which to see a familiar and adinired portraitiro reproduced, and there is & ambnmluy that some moy bo allured by {2 to seek o fuller Laste of the sweet, mellow flavor of Addison ond Stecle. i e O codnEcTicTT GE NLUE LAWS NNEC A RI\%?‘N, AND THE FALSE BLUE LAWS INVENTED 'BY THE REV. BAMUEL PETERS. o WiIeiARR ADDED STECINEN 0F sie LAWS AXU JUBICIAL PROCKEDINGE OF OTHER CoLuyizs, AXD Boxg BLUE LAWS OF ENULAND 1N wir Reioy or Jaxxa 1. Edited by J, Hasstoxn TnusueL, - Hartford, Conn, : American Pab- 1ishing Company. &vo., pp. 300, A work on Amerlean Wlstory will scarcely ever o popular, no matter how well written, or how novel the facts it relates, The comuton opinlon sectna to bey that our history, at least before the Revolution, Is not worth reading. The Puritans are regarded almost as another race; nnd, ir there 1s any Krotesque Cus- tom, noy rtidiculons story of early life in the Colonles, which needs some parcntago to give it a card of introduc- tion Into polite soclety, it Ia fathered on them without a blush. Even now there are jnuny who bolfeva that they were not sllowed Lo kiss thefr children, to aweep, or et meals, oh Sun- duy. Yet the Puritans came of the good yeo- man bloed of Eugland, snd they brought Lere nglish laws aund customs, English forms of thought and religion, They were brought up under no religlous liberty at home, and they brought none with them. Though they emi- grated to obtain- that freedom for them- selves, yet, in Jess than ten years after they came, tho Taw wns well scttled that mo | civll oflices could Lo filled by any but church-membera, Ihis [11-Iearned lesson of suffering also led tho Turitans to throw usido tho opprossive laws of thelr mother-country, aud try to govern them- selves by the Bible alone. The attempt was necessarily o fallure, but It cxplalus why all thelr capital Jaws are fortiled by texts of Beripture. The Rey. John Cotton actually drew up n{n(um of laws forned on the Bible, which, tiough never adonted, was printed In London, ol for 150 yeara was belleved to be the original code o tha Massachusetts Coluny. Another clreumstance which had a powerful formative tendency on tho legislation of the first colonlsts was the mixed character of the fottlers, When tho Plymouth colony lamled here, they were accompunied by o mimber of merchanta, and, for the first seven years, the settlument was communistic fn its character, In 1022, n ship-lond of idle and dissolute men camd over, who, fluding that they could not ac- quire wealth without labor, began to plunder t&no Indiaus, nnd nearly cuused a massacre of the wholg colony. In fact, Amerlen was, until* the eighteentn century, considered anly as a very adyantageous ~ place in which to muoke money, untrammeled by any uecessity “of * obeylng. laws, human or divine,—mith as Australla and Callfornin wero regrded twonty years ago, Tho preat companles among whom tho coutitry Was par- culed wera corporations ercated salely for galn, Improvident nobles eent thelr yet” more_lin- provident sons Licre to - find an Eldorade, Fuil- ngin that, lneawum; men of the period betonk tnemaclvos.to living by thelr. wits, snil enuulmi tho disturbances which later were, only yulote at the expenso of many valuable ves, © Only by undorstanding this fuct can the hoterogencous character of tho carly laws be explained. They contain many severe punishments; they mention erimes ‘which would not have been practically known in o strictly rellzious commu- nity had 'not a largo luw-desplsing and law- breaking element been present, Tho strong English luw of constitutional 1b. erty {a well shown In the movements which led to the udul»l.luu of the Massachusetts * Dody of Liverties,” Tho colonists ecarly found that their moglstrates were Inclined to give Judemont “according to the atrictness or laxit: of thelr own consclences; and, as carly ag 1634, the question of a sctiled ¢ode of lnws hegan to bo ogitated and demanded. But the Guvernor and his assistants, holding power witkout linl- tation, were In no baste to have thelr proroga- tives and privileges thus Himited s and they wers nable, by references to committees and repeated revislons, todelay the matter forslx years, Inthic quaint languaze of the colonial records, *Most of the magisttates and somo of the elders werg nat forward In the matter”: and IL was ot until 1841 that the “ Body of Liberties ¥ of the Masaachusotta Calouy was passcd. ‘Phe firat colony—nan offshoot from Plymouth —waa vstabllshed In 1633 in_Connceticut, and grew with amazin, muldu{. In 1633 a Coustl- tution waus adopted; fn 1612 the Juws of Muzsu- chugetts relating to' capital erinies were copled and . re-cnacted; and In- 1630 o code was complled, ‘These laws = were taken from tho Massaclinscits code of 11, but with large rdditlons, aud, from thelrseverity and strict ad- herence to the Mosale lepislation, have since been known as * blue laws." They would, how- ever, have quictly faded out of remciubrance exeept as material for historians. i thiey not been counterfolted in the lutter part of tho last century, Thoe Rev, Bamuel Peters, a clergyman and rabid ‘Tory, who lhud In 1774 “been drawn from Lfs lhomo Iu Hebron, Coni., for his pertinacious oxpression of obnoxlous sentiments, published (n London, In 1871, o “ (ieneral datory of Conneetleut.” ‘The work was so cvidently “the offapring of malce, und was 80 1ull of cirors, that it oever ohtained great success, It, howaver, will. always have a cere taln unenviubla lfe, us cunmlulu;iwlm purports ta bo a aketel of the blue lows of New Havi Though these forged luws (o not e bear sufficlent resemblancs to - tho origl- mils to bo a parody, they are of- ten gravely quoted a8 spechinens of Puritun futolerance; vud, having been published at a comparatively late period, are Lotter known and moro casily knmurcd thun thio true blue luy Just Lero Mr. Trumbull has uuzppud In, and by his work has presented all that s known on tho subject, After an exhaustive Introduction, e gives tho Constitution of Cuonneetient, tho twelve capltal lnwa of 1612, the code of 1650, and the laws and urders of Lhe General Court at Hurtford up to 1665, The enactuients of the New Haven Colony, the forged bluo laws of Mr. Peters, snecimens of the carly leglalation of New Yorl uryland, \’Irxiiuln, nud Massa- chusetts, togetlier with the blue Iaws of En- gland In'the thoo of Jumies L., are slso ncluded, —wnklyg s very nteresting and {ostructive work, Mr, Trumbull’s well-known autiquariun knuwledgze und ability me sufllcicut guurautes ol tho correctuess ol tho historieul stutemonts and oxtracts. The muke-up of the Look is un- fortunately rather »loud,” with bright-blus vover and title-page. (3RS ‘-Ily. also, thut it Is, us it sccms, published by tubscription, so as not ‘to be euslly ot- tainable, o addition of an fndex, and of tho Mussachuscits codo of 1811, on Which the New Haven luws wera founded, would also gmull cenbance the completeucas of tho volunie, Mr, ‘Trumbull has, however, com- piled & valuable work, contalning much infor- matfon thut would be ubtalued with great difll- culty othierwise, and It deserves to ba read by wll lutervsted In carly Awerican bistory, T ANCIEUNT GEOGRAPHY, . APPLETONS' IAND.ATLAS. OF CIENT UEOGRATHY INTWENTY.EIGIT MAPH, - Ox e PLan or ‘tApetetoxs' HANU-ATLAs oF Moupkuy Grounariy.” Edited, with au Intro- duction, by the Kev. (Bouns BUTLER, Frincipal Liverpool Collegy {wperial 4o, XN, ‘{"arxg‘"l.x Ap]\lnlun‘;\ Co. yl.‘h‘cflx«l: Hldfqg Bros & Co, . Frice, § A cursory examination of this Atlas 1s suf- ficlent to convinee oue of Its great merits, “To speak first of ifs typograplical excellence, the maps are beautifully drawn sod printed, pleas-¢ Jug tho esthctic scnse after tho manner of a fine picture, In every detuil tbhey aro minutely and corclully tnlshed. Tucu, as §0 the useful- nwas of tho work in the study of ancent Lis- tory, there can be no hesitation in pronouuciug su opinfon. - ‘The serlcs ot mans Wustrate the chauges Ju the geographical bouwlarics of Greeee and Roue duripg tha centurics of tbclr prowth and snpremacy, and also represent the vnr_v]lm: lmitsof the other great nations of an- tnuity., 'hc’Allln Is cepecially prepared for the nse of rehools; hut fts convenlent aize and shape, and {tr inany valuable features, make it an equally deairabfe work for the library. ——— TRELAND. TRANSPER OF ERIN: on, Tur AtQrisic Ti0y OF INELAXD BY ENoLANn. n{ Tioxas C, cu:mr. Hvo., pp. 051, Thiladelphia: 3. N, , Lippincott & Co. Chicago: Hadley Lros, & Co, ‘[he writer of this volume has taken hold of & subjcit of deep Interest. The fortunes of Irc- land cxcite the sympathy of every impartial ob- server, antd enlist the attention in any falr and sincere recital of the stories of her past. ' But tho carnest desireto come to s truer under- standing of her troubles with the Government’ which has annexed her territory and claimed her.citizena aa iis subjecis, dooa not receive much gratification froin theso pages. . After struigling . through a goodly portion of the ook, going over s major part of the Intricate sentences two or three times to unravel thelr meanlig, and foreing a passage througli” the Dristling srray of family names that crowd end- lcas spaces, we glve over the effurt to profit by Mr. Awmory's Jearning to more courugoous stutdents, . POTTERY, BAJOLICA AND FAIENCE: ITALIA¥, SICILIAN, Maduncax, TlLrAsn-Monragur, axn PEnatax, Iy Ansih Iecrwrrin, With Ploto-Engraved Dlastrations, 1o, op. 185, New York: D. Aupleton & Co. " Chicago: i Jansen, McClurg ‘This hook Is better adapted to the. needs of the curious collecfor of medieval and modern falenre, than to please the popalar reader. It contains descriptionsof the varjouskinds of glaz- ed earthenwara that haveattained celebrity,of the Jotalitles where they were manufactured, and, n many Instances, of the subjects represented on famous pices ‘The hook cannot ba com- mended for the clornessof its arrangement nor for the livellness of Its style; neyvertheless, the information it has brouglit together will doubt- lces be grateful to those bitten with the mania for old chine, Mauy of the {llustrations used in the work are copies of objectsin tho Castel- laul vollcetion, . BTATESMAN'S YEAR-BOOK, THE STATESMAN'S YEAI-HOOK, BTATIAtICAL, AND 1UISTORICAL ANNUAL OP TUE STATES OF THR Crvnazen Wontp, ¥on Tne Yrean 1877, fy Furpeick Manri¥, Fonrteenth Annual Pub- Jieation.” Revicd After Ofiicial Returns, 12mo., p. 781, _London: Macmlllan & Co. * Chicago: McClarg & Cu., Hudley Bros. & Co, Trice, $3.50, ‘The annun) publication of this standard man- ual requires but an announcement of the event, ‘The value of its contents has made it on esson- tial adjunct of the desk or llbrary of every Journnifst, politiclan,. student, or writer, Its compreliensive and caroful statistica are brooght dgv{g_:‘n the present nutaber to the cloaing day ol 0. BOOKS RECEIVED, THE NMERMITAGE OF LANGDALE, By Mra, ALEXANDER, 10mo., np. 43 New “York: Henry $lolt & Co. Chleago: Jansen, McClurg & Co. Price, 81,95, - THE HAND-BUOK OF PRACTICAL LAND- BCAPE-GARDENING. Destned fon Ciex ASD BURURDAN . IIEmIDENCEX AN CouNTRY Bunoot-llousks; CoNTaINING DEsiuxs yon LoTs Axn Gnousns. - By F. It ELLiorr, Landscape. Gardener and_Pomologist. 8vo., pp. 8, Chl- cazo: J. U. Vaoghn, - Prico, §. HOURS OF THOLGHT ON BACRED THINGS, By Jaugs ManTingav, Ll D, D.D., Author of * Endeavor. After tho Chieiatlan Tife," ete, 10ni0., pp.fi44. Uonton: Hloberts Bron,. Chicae fu: Jausen, MeClurg & Co. Price, 81,00, ¢ BILENCE. Bv 8 Miiizn llagenan, Princeton, N.d. $q. 10mo., pp. 107, Now York: Dedd, Mend & Co, THE NEW CHURCIL: Ita NaTune axn Wusne. ABOUT, BEING & CIITICAL EXANINATION OF TUE Poryrar THEORY, WiTH BoMZE ILLUSTUATIONS or 178 PracTical, TEXDENCY AND LEUITINATE Frusrs, By B, F. BAnuirr, lL'mo..J{l. 213, T'hiladelplita: Claxton, Remeen & Hafelfuger, Chicayos Hadley lirow, & J'rico, $1. . BCIENCE-LECTURES AT BOUTII KENSING- TON. OUTLINES OF FIELD-GEOLOG Ly Prof. QGrixig, LLD., F.RGE, - With Tiluetens tions. THE ABSORPTION OF LIGUT AND TNE COLORS OF NATURAL BUDIES, By T'rof, Sroxes, F.16LS, With Hllustratlons, New, York: Mucmiilon & Co, Chicayu: Jugsen, Mcé Chud Co, - P'rice, 20 and 20 centa. THE CHIUSTIAN DOUIRINE OF XIN, By Jony Tutrocit, D, D, Principal of Bt. Mary’s College In the University. of 8t Androw's, vic, 12mo., 4. New Yurki Bcrlbner, ‘Armwtrong & Chicago: Nadley Broe, & Co. Price, 81,50, LAKESIDE LIBRARY, No, 76, A LONG TIME AGO, By Meta Orurn, Chicago: Donnelloy, Loyd & Co. I'rico, 10 ceats, 8 -'THFR PORTFOLIO. - -+ 'The pletorial contents of the February num- Yer of tiig 2or{fulio comprise an etehing, by L. Richeton, of Rembruudt's interesting portralt. of “Willlam 1If, as o Boyy” a copy of #“The Orgunist," by Israhel Von Meckenen, en- graved in facsimile by Amand Durand; an ctehing, by A, Brunct-Debalues, of * Hardwick Hall,” by David Cox; and a number of fine wood- eits representing pleturesque streets in Ene gland. The literary contonts of the number cubraco ¢ wecond chapter of tho cssay on * Albert Durcr—MHis Teachers, His Rivals, aud His Followers;” an articie on “The Print- Room of thu British Muscum;" another on % Anclent Streets and Homesteads of England ;™ descrlptions of tho etebings given, and ** Brief Notes on Art " by tho wlitor, In thelatter departinent, Mr. Hamorton makes soniu sensiblo remarks on the subject of * Imi- tatlve Woods.” Itisn mpulnr theory with the upholders of what may be termed thio scliool of severe urt, that imitations of woods and marbles in wall-decorutiou by means of pajer or paint are reprehensible, The gist of the argument Is, that these -fmitations are produced with tho fu- tent to daecelve, and therefore they disobey the cuanons of trie art, which requiro that fn howse- decoration the materials used should be what they scenn. Mr: Hamerton holds the pusition that Imitated woods und murbics do not decelve, tinless possibly here and there a child, and lienco tho practiee of using then 18 correct from a morsl polut of view, As to the artistic side of the question, he aftirms that graining, when fulthtully uxecuted, has certain esthetie qusls Itica which ara not to be despised, * In fact," to quote hiswords, tholinitations of wood huve gowig of tho most fmportant merits which he- long to the real wooda themselves, though not all.” The fwitatfon Las the varlety of the original, aud may come pretty close Lo {1s colur, but canitot havo Its texture, “The best uxlnunfi' imitations aro the vak papers, which aru printed directly from real vak boards, na an stehing Is from the plate. The graln of the oak is coarso cnough to pennit this; other wouds have to Lo fmitated avtificially, Such papers are Jess dull than papers without any varlety of tint, and they need not offend ¢venr o severe taste, I used judiciously, fu certain situat lons,” PAMILIAR TALK. TIE CASTELLANI- AND CESNOLA COLLECTIONS, The Castellanl collection of antiquitics, now on exbibition at the Metrupolitan Museutn of New York, was ferined by two jewolors, father and son, inthe Clty of Rome. It was begun with the shnple aln of sccuring speclmens of certain _art-ublects discovercd fu’ Etruris and Magno Grweefn, [border to reproduce thetn ju modern workmanshlp, The study of these curiosities naturslly stimulated an interest In all works of antiquo and medleval art, und gradu:dly led to a wide expaasion of tho orig- {nal desizn. ‘'io result {8 now to bo scen Ina most vxtensive and choles assombluge of art- works, gathered together Inalong course of yeara of patient rescarch and investigation. ‘Yhe collection was first offered to the British Muscutn for the sum of £40,000; but, auxfous 89 Were tho suthorities of that lustitution to se- cure the treasure, the Goyerumeut of Eugland, in view of the unscttled stute of -European affalry, decied . (bis an fnopportunc thne to ex- pend any considerable smount in enrlchiog the uatlonal cablucts of archeology, aud the col- Jection lias been brought to our country In tho Lopo of Lere Sndivg o purchaser. Biguor Caste¢llanf has generously permitted the orticles to be placed on exhibition In the pleturc-gallery of tho Motropolitun Museun, with the understauding that the amount ob- talued by the adlmlsslon-fea govs toswell tho fund accumalatiog for the ulthnate purchsse of the collection. Every American cltizen will Join fu the lope that so rurv and preclous s gallery vt objects of artistic und istorical valuy will come Luto tho possesslon of thy sunio cuters prising inatitution which has acquired the fu- nious Cesnols colleetion. The two collectlons will fori a noble fouudation for s Museum of Art {u our country, aud must necessarlly excrt & strong lutiucnoes ou the developentof csthet- {e cultureumony 8 people whio lLave hitherta had meaigre vpportunitica at hone for acquiring a proctical knnwh.-u.’i: of art. "The Loudon Athenzuns inquires Tneredylously, * What will {hie New Yorkors do with such sn'iinmenso mass of blstorical rlches, treasures of ast of the most exqulrite and recondite kind? Have they acholars of suflicient eruditfon and pecullar skifl to apprecinte sich objects as they should he apprecfated” Certatoly It must be allowed that there fsnot the scholarshilp or culture in the New World that exists in tha Old; but n powerful means of advancing thelr growth [s the importation of gema of art such as are cm- brared in the collections organized by the Big- nors Cantellanf and Gen. DI Cesnola, The tlrst-named gallery of antlquities com- Prires statuary, hronzes, Ivory-carviugs, Jewelry, personal ornamenta, terra-cottas, and majolica and porcelalu. It wos on exhibition at the Cen- tennial Exposition, aud has hipen already viewed by & larze portion of our countrymen; yet n prolonged exmininatlon of Ita separate ohfects is necded for a full appreciation of {ts opulence. ‘The group of marbles, numbering_twenty-three Pl«.-:ep, rre chlefly from Rome and Naples. They Inclade a colossil statun ol . Bacchus, a life-size fizure of E[r)!nlrlu, A head of ¥ Young Diony- slus,”" one of Augustus, of Tiberius, and of Tro- fan. and husts ol'the Enpress Manlia Beantilla and the Empress Julla Paula. Conspicuous nmong the bronzes are the Pramestine clste, or caskets which were used by the ladics of Etruria and Latinn as dressing- cascs, and sometimes as work-huskets, Sorie have been found bolding spuntzes, ‘vombs, hair- ping, and other articlea requisite In the perfor ance of the toilctte. The carvings on fvory and Lone includn thirty-eight vicces from Greece, Rome, and P'.trufln\ and present some fine cx- amples of this style of asculptuze. The most ancient ornaments are from Etruria, Pheenicl: Lucania, 8yrin, Rome, and Egypt, whtle those o a later date represent the Byzautine and early Christian art, and the productions of the medic- val ares aud of thecenturies down to 1600, The speelmens of majolies 3nd falence are many and Interesting, - Three pleces llustrate the inyen- tion of Lucea della Robbla; others repreecnt the famous ‘wares of CafTagiuolo, Blena, Castel Durante, Facnzs, Pesarl, élerma. ete., cte, Two of the rarest plecen in the ceramie department are of the Florentine poreelain, of which matu- facture 1t Is sald that only.twenty-seven ex- amples are known to be In cxiatence. The Ceenola colloetlon numbered, In 1870, abort 1400 pleces, embracne statwes and small figures, 1,600 famps, 5,000 vasce, 2,000 colne, 000 gold ornaments, 1,700 plcees of glnss, S0 pleces of bronze, aud 100 Inscriptions, The most lm- portant part of the collection was exhumed on the site of Kourlum, on the south const of the Ialand of Cyprus, under the supervision of Uen, DI Cesnola, 8 gentleman of Itaifan birth, but of Amerlean cittzen I‘p.wlm was appointed Consul to Cyprus shortly after the War. The recovers of some famoun antiquities from thelr long burl- al fu this clagateal m‘h excited a destre on the part of the Consul to expend his lelsure fn the work of exploration. While exomining the res maing which attest the former magnitude and fmportance of Kourjum, tho attention of Gen. Di Ceanola was atteneted to & mosele pavement revealed by the removal of thesbaft of a fatlen pillar. As old cxcavation made In a portlon of thils pavement, as though iu the scarch for hid- den treasure, led Lo careful observatlons, which amnlly lifld!(l in o very thorvugh exploration of he epot. At n depth of more than twenty feet beneath the pavement two stone steps were uncarthed, leading to o passage cut fu the natize rock, ‘Which gave sceess Lo o doorway openlng into what was probably bullt for a fomb,” The en- trance was:blocked by a alsb of stone, .whicl belng removed discovered a chamber twenty- five fect high, and fliled Lo thetop with Infliteat- cd dust. On clearing away the upper portfon of the mold, an Inver chanber was found to open from -this first apartment, and to be tilled like it with carth, Suspocting that in this scries of rooms some {ressure had been concealed, Gen, Di Cesnola dismlssed all liis laborers save two trusty nicn, as svon as the dizging had renched within .two feet of the fluor.” ‘The remainiug carth waa then examined literally by the hand- ful, being- sifted throngh the finers of the workmen twice over, as it was piled In baskets for removal, The- dilizent rearch of the ex- plarers was rewarded by flndlog {n the ceutre of the euter room o heap “of precious relles whivh had probably 'been deposited thees for sceurity some 2,600 vears nxfi 3 The first articlo discavered wasa large bracclet of solid gold; after which followed the discovery of a number of personal ornumentsof the sase metal. On opening the second chamber, a door lcmllug td a third was discovered, and this azaln opeued into o fourtl, the series flually termi- nating fn o low passage. In each room Gen, DI Cesnola pursued tha same course of exesvation’ ns in the first, dismissing the laborers when iL waa cleared to within a foot of the floor through- out. Two months were occupled in mm[:let 1 he stow cheavations. Then was revealed to the explorer and his two honest asslstants’ the fol- lowing treasures: 2u the Grab chamber were ol tained 550 ornaments of gold and gems, cons slating of disdeins In whole or {n . parts, rimes, carrings, bracelets, nocklcts, arnlets, and gohden leaves. Some of the armicts of solid golid were nearly as thick os one'slittle finger. Agold cup, five inrchies and s half in dimmeter and two inchies - depth, 'Lwi:r beautifatly decorated In the ptlan style, - “Tho rings were In porfeet condition, and com- prised siguets with gews engraved In the high- cat stylo of thoart. ~ Among the jewels were many scarabed of fine workmanship, The In- tagll included exquisite deslgns cut on agute, wnyx, chalcedony, carnclian, fasper, and sard. ANl the objects {n the first foom were ‘ot gold, Bave three mnshorm, several rings, and o veck- lace, all of wideh wero of rock-crystal The second chamber contained” 230 objects of sllver of beaugiful workmanal The niost im- portant of these wero the vascs, Fntom. cups, und other vessels, numbering Inall about thire ty. There were also above sixty bracelets aud armlets, somo of which weighed more than mound. The remaluing obj comprised ams cta, ear-rings, fibulx, anoou. 18, fragments of vesacls, ete., cte, . Tho lutrinsic value of tho gold uud silver slone, obtained In thess two rooms, was sald by tho Academy to be nearly £5,000, while the sAtheneum stated that the valuo f old slone was estimated iu Farls ot £12, 01#. The tiitrd room was found to contaln a atora of terra-cottas, alabastra, voses, nud fictile groups. In the fourth room there were more thon 500 bronze or vopper utcusils, candelabra, lamps, caldruns, vascs, patese, cte. ‘Tho low passuge, which bas been sy ken of ns ter- minating the serfes of chambers, was explored for u distance of 130 feet, It was but two feet high, and filled, Hko all tho olher apartments, with flne carth. It wus with difliculty that the cxeayations wers continued here,and the ** tind wus Jlmited to slx lurgo caldrons,—four broken wid two complete, The articles found In theso rooms, Including above 1,850 pleces, were offered by (ien, DI Ces- nola to the British Muscum for tho sum of £12,000, provided they wore ln-Pt togother and called by his name. Tho offer was not ac- vepted, “for the same reason that the Castelfanl collection - was declined; sud the *Treasure of Kourlum? was shipped to New York, whither the heavier objeets {n the . Ceanala Collection, found ot Golgos and Ida- i, had heen previously sent. The Metrapol- itan Museuns Is now in poascssion uof all the an- tiguitics obtulued by Gen. DICesnola in Cyprus, —an amount in welght of 150 tous, Among the more bulky artlcles are two sarcophagt, onv of which wus valued by an_expert at the Hritish Museum at L6,000, aud for the other the discov- srer had rofused an offer of £2,000. MISFORTUNE AND ILL~-HEALTH. It ta stated fn an exchongo that swong tho patients of ourcity physiclans about 50 per cent have experienced o sad reverss of fortune dur- {ng the past threo years. About 23 per cent of this number will probably be unable to retrieve their Jusses, and not far from 10 per cent are re- duced to poverty, A delinite percentago of the nuuwber buve sulfored fn bealth from tho effects of thelr pecuniary misfortunes, Only about 2 kwr cent have fncreasod their wealth, aud less ban ¢ per cent have becomo suddenly rich ORNTTIIOLOGY, A new work on Ornitbology which promises tobe of unusual interest bas just been pub- Hshied by R, Worthlugton, New York. Ita title Is % Vennor's Bleds of Cabada," and Its author is Mr. Heory A, Venuor, for many ycars con- nected with the Geolugleal Burvoy of Canada. ‘The work 1a Ulustrated with lhlrl.vgl‘i:ln raphs, f&l"u unlfor with “Audubon's B Awer- CENSUS OF FRANCE: ‘The latest oMcial statlstics show that France has a pupulation of moge then 86,000,000 Of these 87,927 arc blind, and 20,512 are deaf pnd dumb,~makipx su ayerage of - ous bllud person n every 50, sad one deaf and dutab person in every 1,220, In Paris alone thero sre 7,854 Tunatlcs, white i all France there ure 17,12 fus sane wen aud 14,008 nsane women, ARCTIC COLD. Licut, Payor, whose aceount of the Austrisn Arctle Expedition was recently reviewed fu thess columns, states that, on bis wedging excursions to Frauz-Jos¢(’s Land, the cold 'was a0 nteuse {hat, when ono of the party wishied to 1uke a draft of Tum, he kuclt dowu while another poured ‘the Jlquor into his wouth ju order lo provent the mutel cup touchivz bis lpa and freezing to the-skin. The effect of the told upon tho articles of food sud driuk carricd b the party Is thus deseribed: “This rum,flmuf It was strong, scewcd to have lust all s streugth and fuldity. It tasted ltko Ipuocent ik, au conslatence was that of oll. The bread wu3 frozeu so hard that we feured to -break our Leeth in bitiog 15 sud fv brought blued if wente it. The attempt to smoke a cigar was & punirnment rather than an enjoyment, hecause the fulcles Inour beards always put them ont, and, when we taok them out of our months, they were frozen; even the shortest pipes met the rame fafe. The instruments I used in sur- veying secmed to hurn when I tonched them, and the medals which my compaolons wore on thelr breasts felt lke hotiron,” SPARKS OF SCIESCE. EXTRACTION OF ATTARS. The method by which perfumers extract the attar or aromatic principle from flowers fs de- scribed at length fn the Boston Journal of Chemiatry, The most valaable perfumes—os those ot the cassla, Jasminc, orange, rose, tube- rose, and vlolel—arc obtained by the process of maceration, or of absorption. The frst-named ‘metlod,which famore properly termed digestion, 1s couducted as follows: * The flowers, separa- ted from leaves or other extrancous matter, are placed in a suitable vessel and covered with oll, or liquified suet or lard. A gentle heat is then applied to, the apparatus for a period ranging from twetve to forty-eight hours, at the end of which the fat 1s strained from the flowers, and agaln digested with {resh onea; which operation Is repeated four or five times, or until the fat beeomes sufficlently perfumed. Fatty bodles having a particular attraction for the attam, ‘with little or none for the other constituents of the flower, they frecly sbsorb the former, feaving the latter comparatively unafe fected, From the greasy body so fmpregnated, the odoruns ;lt_rlnclrle may be readlly extracted by aleohol, Tha ofls or fats employed in flltlzcs- tlon being almost entlrcly Ineoluble In apfrit, while the frequent molecules thoy hold are reads 11y 80, an essence or spirit 10us svlution of the aitar contained In the perfuined greases Is clull ?g;alnud by their slmplo maceration fn aleofiol, ‘The finest pomadcs or olls for the. hafr, and the best greasca for soap, are perfumed directly from the flowers, Oceaslonally vaniila, balsams, and other odorous substances are digested jn thie samn manner as flowers. Absorption is really the process of digestion conducted without heat. The fat Is spread fn thin’ layers ou trays with glaes bottoms, and le eove! with a layer of flowers placed faco downward, The traye, or “ frames,” are then rllml une abova anothier, tn prevent the dissipas ton of the odor from exposure to the alr, and thus are alloweyl to rewaln for froin twelve to scventy-two hours. The flowers are then re- moved aud o fresh Jayer put on, and this provess’ {8 repeated until the grease 4 charged with thele perfume. When ofl Is used, cloths are saturated with it, and the flowers are placed upon them ag npon a layer of fat, and, when the digestion fa completed, their scented contents are wrung out to the lnst drop by means of mnch(n:r{. A fow ?'um aco, M. Semiris, of Nice, im- roved the process ut absorption: by spreading he flowers upon a fine. net which was brought very dose to the layer of grease, but not nllowed to touch It, and this nlternate frames of flowers and of grease were plied together. In this way the odor is communicated to the fat quito ns woll as when the flowers are brought In contact with It, and much labor and waste are saved fn renewing the flowers, The perfumo obalned by this method Is said also to e flner than that re- sulting froms the old process, Absorpiton Is cbiefiy employed fn treating the {nsmine and tuberose, whose " dellcate fragranca 1s Injured by licat. “The grease ured must be {nodorous; and, {f It be lard or any animal fat, 1t bas to he purificd or deodorized. Benne ul{ or olive ofl can be usedin its notural state. The attars of herbs, harks, aud othier vegetable subse stances aro_ obtajned by distillation, and are etronger aud mors durable thun the attors de- rived by digestion and ahsorption, FISI-CULTURE. At tho sixtl annual meetlng of the Amergean Fish-Culturista’ Asasoclation, recently held In New York, reports and papers were prescated from which we learn that, in.the State of New York, the calture of whitefish was begun fu 1608, aud to the present date 1,758,000 fry and twenty-slx boxes of cgrs have been distributed. ‘Tha propagation of shad was tommenced in 1809, {1 which year 15,000,000 were hatelicd. Up to the present dato 49,850,000 young shad have been Introduced fnto New York waters, The firat experiment with salmon-trout was made in 1670, since which time 5,047,000 fry and 450 boxes of cgga have been given out, In 1871 the culture of sa)mon was begun with erws obtalucd from Canada, and about 210,000 have been dis- tributed annually, Tho culture_of the Califor- nla unlmon was commenced in 1873, and a total of 636,000 have been distributed.. In 1874 the culture of blue-backed trout, from eggs brought from Malne, waa nttempted; but the effory to Introduce them was unsucocsaful, In 1574, 036,000 ecls were placed in Buffale Creok, above Niagara Falls, with the alm of Introduclng thom lnto Lake Ere, ' The first expeniments with sturgeou, tried four years ago, were unsuceessful, - but, renewed in 1875, proved satisfactory, and 100,000 young fleh were turned fzto the Hidson. The hatehing of brook-trout was begun in 1873, and 1,220,000 fry and twenty-fuur boxes ol ergs have been dis- tributed. ‘Egusof the Califurnia brook-trout have been recelved, but ouly 200 fry wore hatch- ed trom 1,500 cRgs, Fish-culture in Canada was begun as a private entvrpriso by Mr, Samuel Wilmot, (n 1565, Two cars luter “the Government beeame Interested u the movement, and there are now six large flsh-breeding cstablishments (s the Domfufon, which have at present. 6,000,000 salmon and 1,000,000 whiteflsh nearly ready to turn into the streams, Mr. Witmot exhibited at the Con- ventlon u salnon (Salmo Wilmotl) wolching sev- enteen poumndds, which had been caueht In a small stream emptylng into Lake Ontarly, whero ho liad placed in 130 the first salmon-frv. that ever swamn in its wuters. Thousands of salmon welghing from flve to twenty pounds entered this samo stream last autumn. Up to the present time there have been Im- ported Into Califurnia o total of 23,000,000 ergs, ot an expenso of nbout $1 In gold per thousand., During the lnst year, about 400,000 u.lil{- of the Calltornla satmon have been exported to New Zealand, It nay be added, in this conncctlon, that, Feb, & s steamer bound for New Zunlu}ul salled trom Ban Franclsco with a eargo of 180« 000 whitellsh eggs from Lake Michigan, with trout eggs from New Hawmpshire, deer from Californla, sud twenty-seven short-talled rouse from Utah, The next steamer boumd or tho same {sland will convey a cunshznment of ulzmlnu-chukeus, Oregon grouse, sud phas- an A VENOMOUS SPIDER, A citizen of New Zealand has sent to Hard- wicke's Science-Gosalp an account of the distress- Ing effects of tho bite “of a venomous apider, called’ kanito, which infests that fsland. A young man was awakencd Irom slcep, one Mon- day night, by a bite on the back from a kaplto, The spider was captured, and proved to be almost Ulwk in color, with a boly sbout the elze of a pen. The wound it had jofiicled Immediately cuused the most cxcruciating patn, which wus at first folt In the groin. On the applicativn of ammonfa the puin left tho groln and passed up tho splue, eradual- Jy workiug Its way luto the arms and chest. Tuesdoy, tho pain, lucreasiug In Intensity, traveled with the virus into the legs, occasion- fng a considerable swelllng of the veins. turnip-poultice Hlu-ud on the wound, wheu taken off was followed by tho exudation of o quantity of black finld. A Jiniment belug rubbed futo the lege also caused a black, ink-like fluld to discharge from the pores In great drops, After this exudatiou the patleut fmproved, but remained for 8 long time very weak, and, in the Hirst four duys after the bite, lost exactly twelve pounds in welght, For the tirst two duys brund, was sdminlstercd {n small doses, with the ef- foct of dimivfahing the pain. The writer states that be bad never witneased such ufony !npr duced by the bite of any serpeut or fuscet ‘us regulted Ju this cuse from the Lite of tho kaplito. ———— . CANNED SALMON, The catch of salinon in Columbia River, Ore- gou, for cauning, hassutticed to A1 410,000 cases - duriug the past veasou. It was boped that 500,+ 000 cases wight Lo fHiled; but the tsh ran low, owing to the cold water and the swolleu stuts of the river, and the harvest wus less than ex. pected. The largest catch duriog any previous year wus i 1574, when 835,000 cases were fillal, ngland §4 @ largge cousutucy of this product, uuuf. Lefure Llie scason uf 1878 commenced, con- tracted for S2hU00 cuses, leaving only about 55,000 cases fur thy Awerican warket. APPLES. Tho MMeruld of Health urges the babitual and Hberal cousumption of spples as & proventive of discase,—declariug that, * Bealdes belng no- tritlous to some cxteut, this frult is a wost beneticial stimulant o the scoretive organs, fur supetlor Lo vinegar-bitters, sarsaparilla, buchu, o auy catbartie; ” aud widing, % We bops eome day o sce the ‘applesure’ lotroduced, and have no doubt that it may bo ua beneflclal us tha celebrated *grape-curc ' b Genmany.” 'Lhy ears of a man is clied who cured heartburn, | wakelulness, Indigestlon, cte., with which he was afllicted, by eating apples after each mieal. In two months, b u.V health was restared, and his wely from 130 to 160 pounds. In another instance, the father of alarge family “saved nearly ail hs former doctor's bills by keeptng n barrel of s simplo remedy, his . ? thereanod. | q_r;,mc» within reach of everyhody In the house.” - ere 8 no doubt that, §f fresh fruft—and Apples ara the cheapest and most wholesomo rort—were eaten before or after meals, nnd the usual desecrt of cake, puddings, and paatry otnftted, the health of toe people woald bo greatly beneted, GAME-ANIMALS. The following table, showing the mating ° season and the time of the birth of the young of somo of our larger game-animals, has been complled from the best authorities by the editor of Forat and Siream. It Is offered s spprox- Imately correet for this continent between tho 424 and 40th parallels: Uo¥ _F . B EpE [P I - SRI4% Blsgatiaizesly 53753 £33385 JaE9Es | "§ S io5ue BE iig BT LR RN ] [ TR R skg 5774 85 9 § S& SaE 52 5% ;5 3T 85 9% 8 § 31 Songp 70 SL 0 % 87% B9 87 8 Bz = Ser ok B T E|L FE pEsiat B EEls B B ite Seraae TR 5 & 3 5 & 283 fg 8 ¥ o~ © o .0 © o (% LFF FEaEr fF . fs ' 5 A 2 g E)o e B s13 R L — THE TEETH, The cause of the detenoration of the human teeth among civilized races has been ascribed to a lack of suflicient exorcise of them by grinding hard food. Darborous tribes have pencrally white and sound tecth, although o brusb or n is found 1n their hadlt of catiog so much bard food thal requires u good deal of mastication, To pive tho teeth suiliclent amount of axer- cisey the chewing dnfl{ of a teaspoonful of raw wheat (s recommunded. Tho remedy is not un- plcasant, as many can testify who have when cl;ll‘:'ll:ug‘?ccn fond of chew lig the sweet grains of whe - FRIENDLY BIIDERS, Bplders arc, as a rule, selfish and viclous fn thelr treatment of their fellows} but = writer in Harduwicke's Setence-Gossip states that he onco witneesed an amlcable relatlun cstablished ba- tween two, © Afly, too large to be Tundled alone, bounced into the web of one, when her nelithibor ron Lo ber asslstance, helped her (o secura tlio victim, aud then gat down in the smost friendly mannerat her table, aud supped with her oit the y'a savory julces. THE MISTLETOE, ‘The mistletoo is known to attain a consfdera- ble age, - One specimen §s noted by an observer, which has been flourishing for forty yeara on an Englishoak. The young plantsof the inistlcton will Hivo some time upon the stock ol nourlsti- ment lafd up for them n the seed. A berry Tustened on n pane of glass fu o window will soun throw out two little shoots, whicn, odidly eysugh. turn fromn the light in toward thesbade of ths roum. Thus situated, they will exist for some.mouths, although not advancing beyond n curtain growth, BEET-ROOT CROP IN TIANCE. The boct-root crop - fn France-hua fallen off dirastrously in the last season, - The roots have been for several years yielding a constantly-di- minishipz smount of sugury and Iast summer only one-fourth the scaion of 1875 was realized. Tho average denel- ty ol the beot-julee was this year 10 per cent lower than lnst year, while the quantity of sugar obtained from each lectolitro of julee wus bt B.60 kilogramuica, as compared with 488 fn 1575. 1t 1a sald that; whercas there wero 433 factorics at work In 1875, thero are at prescut only 184 In vperation. E WITAT.IS MIND ¢ 70 the Kdiior of Ths Tribune. Ponr Hunon, Mich, Feb, 27.—In theso days of closs observatlon by specialists In every branch of scientiflc study, perhaps It Is pre- sumption for merc chauce studeuts Lo speculate for themselves. Dut, ns scientists huve done lttle toward clearing up the soystery of Mind, they cannot reasonably corplaln If non-stien- tiflc people bulld up theorles on thelr own ac- count. Tossibly a reluctancs to question the eenerally-recelved theories of the human soul 1 i { ) ! dentfricencyer cleanscs thom. The explanation . uantity obtalned [nihe prevents speculution and” Investigation beyond the obseryed phenomena of the human mind; and yet, unless the progress of kuowledec is to be stopped, such barriers must bo eventually regarded, What {s Mindlls & question that has been asked for ages, but not yet avawered, and per- haps It never will be, except in theory. Al liv- {ug creatures exhibit the phenomena. [t comes -with the JIfe of the bady, and disapoears at its death. Starting with the germ, wo sce the ele- ments of which the bodies of all auimals arg composed gathered together from the earth and nir; we sce those les Increase In slze, In welght,and instrength s constantly destroged il rencwed fn thelr minute cells through the nat- ural processes of llfe, untl “the floal catustropic which stills thy vital orguns — comes, and fts clements veturn tothedust, How s (t with the mind/ It alsa nppears with the gorm, Increases in power with the growth of the body, and disappeurs wher tho processes of Nfe cease. The body mual have food for Its growth uud malntenances; se must the mind. Shut up a human helue from Infaney to manhood, withont companlonship or apportunity fur obsurvation, aud the mind will remain vacunt, — Development 15 the rule throughout nature; without it there s no hish- er onler of mental or materlal phenomena We also observe that, In aulmal )ife, men tal and matcrial phicnomena are cocxiatent ‘Tho body fs but dust without the mind; the ine yoluntory organs canuot perforin zhclr func- tious withiout the vital force transmitted from the nervous centresy mor can the mind give proof of 1ts existence except through the me terfal organs, Wao can trace the orluin, growth, and dispersion of tho elements of the material body frum and to tho materfal universe. As the vrigin, growth, sud disappearai of tho mind accompany the bodyin every stage, is I6 beyond reason to look for & mental universo from which {ts elements arc derived, sud to which they returm{ Astronamers and geologists tell us that the universe was puce a iebulous vapor, filling space. Iu process ot timy, through the operation of natural luws, centres of motion snd attraction were formed, condonsing snors and more, scpu- ruting more and more, until comets, suus, and worlds, whirling through space as we now ses them, bad absorbed much of the orfgioal nebus lous matter, All thu complicated structures that the unlverse now presents for mau's fves- tigation hiove been deyeloped from the slmplest foriy of exlstence. What {a the moving forco thut hus accotuplished these changesl Ifwoe uay uatural law, by whaut power woa notucal law catablished? If we say by God, the Creator, wo must advance a step furtlier, and fnquire iuto the orlgin of the Creator; for wo can as well {magine the material unlverse, and the naturul lawa by which it Is governed, muuln;i nto belng :'l)uutunuuul], or of thelr own volition, as ‘s reator, Tho luvestigatlons of geologists and natural- 1ats i our own globe sliow us that animal and vegetuble 1ife appeared Hrst in thelr lowest forms, at a perlod when the earth was untitted for the exlstence of higher forms. It makes little diffurenco whether we sccent the theory of evolution, or of successivo independent cren- tons; wa ‘must ackuowledge that there lus been steudy advancement in the scanle of lfe, os well as 1u “the copability of the earth for sus- tajnlug living crestured; and this {3 in harmony with thu development which we see from thu germs of animal and yegetable Ilfe, sud through- out the universe, * 1t we grant, then, that all material structures have beeu developed from tho luwest forw, us unimal and vegetable organismy ure de- veloped froms the germ, must we not also uc- knowledgu that wind has becn shollarly de- velaped, us it Is nuw developed fn ereaturs with-the growth ol the humaun brafu is'a wonderful structure, but we Luveo the moat positive proof that it has fu- ereased fn slze und strength with the sccuinulas tion of knowledge; while we koow that the wind, which is cipable of such vust develop- ment through its operstions, and the me- diutm of the physical senses, would remaly tho mind of the savage should it be thrown upun 1ts own resources from Auhnfi. The theory uf a human soul, as an entlty, tuklng posscstion ot he body ut blrid, ur crested withit, and leavisg auy bimyn - ¢ Podyd Hho