Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, February 3, 1877, Page 9

THE CHICAGO LITERATURE. Dante, Savonarola, Michel Angelo, and Their Bhodn Broughton's Last Novel ~-Household - Manage- ment and Cook- Lifo of the Earl of Shelbnrne- The Misericordia of Qongross of Librarians—=gwiss Gym- nasiume—Ostrich-Farming —-Art-Profits, Blood = Identification === Ancient Maps of the Worldess Ocean=Currents. LITERATURE. THE CITY OF LILIES, 2 MAEERS OF TFLORENCE: DANKTE, 0TTO, SAVONAROLA; AND THEIR CITY. OLiritANT, Author of f *'S1, Francls of and Tilustrations London: Macmilian & Co. Ch! Jansen, McClurg & Co. The cyes of -the zenuine bibllophile are gratt- fled by the contemplation of this fair volume, which has an alrof artlstie clegance and luxury that distingulsies it among a crowd of sump- Every -thought connccted with Florence fs tinged with the splendor of her past history, borrowing a loveliness and grace from the memorles of her wealth, and power, and magoificenco; from her treasures of poctry, art, and romance; and It aptly fits with these habitunl conceptions to sec o book which treats of her life In the conturles of lier great~ cst grandeur, exhibiting in its material form some appropriato reflections of thoe opulence of tuous sasociates. The engravings adorning the work arc very finc, and, whethier reproducing the scenery and architecture of Florence, tho sculptures of Michel Angelo, the paintings of Fra Angelico, or tho portraits of tho cminent Florontines who strove most mightily to meko flustrious the proud city of thelr birthor .adoption, they do Jjustico to thefr subject, For thelr sake alone the volumo s to be coveted. Mrs. Oliphant has not undertaken produciog n completo history of Florence, or of including fo her sketches of the *Makers" of theold city all who by right could bo embraced under that clastic title. Sho has altempted merely what sho deacribes as 4 *short, swallaw blographical cssay,"—allowing to bo pguided n theso ecfforts fancy, Thus sho has given Dante tho chief dis- tioctlon In position and apac3; and next after him fn prominence has placed Bavonarols, Michel Angelo, Fra Angelico, the Archbishop Bant' Antonlo, Arnolfo, Glotto, Ghlbertf, Dona- tello, Brunellesch, the Plognoni painters, and tho merchant-citizen, Agnolo Pandolfini, Only Incidentally s tho towering figure of Lorenzo tho Maznificent sketched in, as it happens to bo craential to thoe delineation of other characters, Nor do any of the powerful family of tho Med- fct receive greater attention; ncither the cun- ning worker In the metals, Celllni, nor tho first of thogreat school of the Florentine painters, Cimabue. The 1ist of noteworthy omisslons might be extended, yet Mrs, Oliphant bas pro- frankly acknowledging the :Tho blographles are more intercsting ns the resafon of a bright woman's impressions od from an oxtonsive study of tha histor- of thorich medieval city, new facts presented. Tha author her readers as to well-informed as herscl upon cussed, and has, theroforo, not held herself to a detajled recital in chronological order of the ovents that cntercd into the fleld of her re- But sho bas put {n a fresh light some important points of observation, and brought :?rwnr&n'm cmcrwmng cx::lmclu ‘:nd Iluzgol- lons that occur an active and cultivated mind. 8ho has taken Vasar| authority in the lives of the genlously reasoned upon the traditions, {n frequont lnstanc ‘Bavonarola I8 the hero to whol most saympathetic admiration,. her recoguition of his Jof! virtues, all conslderation of the weaknesses regencration of Florenco, effcct upon its outgrowth cluged complaint boundarles of her {cal and art rccords thoso aiready ns the matters dis- as her princi| painters, and ,l’:l plausibllity of his m she gives the —passinz over, fn his schewe for the and of the possitlo had his ascetic rule been description of thae preaching of reealls the stylo of the Relist whnts how traveling from city to city and his hearers to “cxtreme ‘cnthuslasm, orentlues,” she say unused to the fervent natural preacher who rejected all tradi and, careless of finu st poured forth what wus words, carried away by his own. carnestness a 0 sce a man thus insplre icd by what ho has to say, to clioose his phrascs or tho liery monk pular Amcrkm{n c:n‘:v “wero totally cloquence of a itlona of oratory, lo or graceful diction, him fn Roods of flery ‘warmth of fecling, by Lis subject, poss too much In carng think of anything,—taste, literature, reputation,—cxcept that truth whis bound to tell his auditors, and which to them and to bim {8 a matter of 1ife and death: this ls stall times o wonderful and {m) No eimulation can attaln t! tho fervor may be vulgar, It _na) with narrow views and & lmi| whereyer it exists, in great or simall, or unlearned, the man posseseed b T his fellow-uen which nothing clso Oliphant's pross s generally homely fn cuce of ornamcentation, corate or polish it, belng intent solely on civiug n clear utterance of her meaning; but, in = lier essay upon nn once to the helght of cloquence, sty of tho genius of Buonarotti ls cnthuslasm overy splrit especilly when cou- Florence’ the works Bhia never trica sutllelent to kindle into capable of mrdont foeling, tomplating fn tho City of uced at the culmination of his leriea and on tho hil writes Mrs. Ollphant, “coufronting us in the public plazza, at the verydoorsof theold ho decpest gloom of the dark Cathe surprisiug us even fn the dim- ho {8 everywhere, at us when thero s ng clse to be donc, and, even by means of e great works of otliers, leaving a certaln t proud magnliicence to show where ho More pcople, we belcye, think, sald they were fit the gates of llm\\'l.'n,'flmn of adt s by Donatello’a comment gave that nobl of commuiand ond bade him * March]? s al- hore prescnt with -us than the oldep And from Lis carly youth, when ho sulendid Church of “Santa Marla N vella, n|llr|::fti.md b:,“flfl'fi.'" th hisown nd hel , Lis Dride, 0 that. momeut. I place {n Banta Croco, at the when the doors were ope . lodral from his graye, ang watch the glorlous doine, through all the 8, rising steadfust azalust the Itallan sky, his 3 usurp tho soverelgnty of the elty, before us wherever wo turn, and, will or not, first and foremost be- S Y e uk ol lorence and leave out the man who, of all the despots of Florence, Is the inost potent, and the ol nicsa of his priucaly prescuce, throwlng ' Vivld Words at when they Took e iguro tha word those frescoed choue his resting- £xact spot where, ke could seq the € onc whom all Floren- beartily with uo jealousy of iu ©of this class are always rcmarkable, may bo tho landsca) 'y arc like moun @ grandeur of Nature which no ug others up to, or amfable inclins~ Buch men havo always » cer- ut them, a babit of impe Impadtlencoflmmtollumo( thosmaller cls when the meancr erfority. Ferbaps the -contemptuous bravado which Avgelo, the pleasure be evi 1aass percelyes its own § TRIBUN. SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 3, '18 —TWELVE PAGES, dently had tn making is apparent how casily ho could excel and overpass n"&u men, was pc’mxl' far to himsclf; but the consclousnces of an clevation abave their kind fs common to this stylo of greatness,—a quality not so attaching or altractive as the brotherliness of the swocter nature, but porhaps more impreastve to tho com- nion fmaginatlon, which slways in Ita soul he- lleves more fn self-asscrtion than in natural lmmlllla.” Mra, Oliphant regards the symbotleal figures surmounting the tombs of thetwo Medief as tho crosning efforts of Michel Angelo's gentus, and cousidera them ns the cmbodiment li stone of thelr author's gricf over the captivity of Florence by an filcgitimate scton of the Medic, When recalled from his voluntary seclusion to complete the sculptures years hefore hegun, ho fell ta work, she tells us, witha sombro Jurla at the great figurcs in the Sacristy, by means of tehich, as no other man In the clity’ wes capable of doing, he could writo In mll](!lilc despalr the lrngc(li of Florenco; how hope had departed, how life had become n derert, and how it was hard to struggle with waking consclonsness, but gool to slecp and forget,—nay, best of ull, 1o be ltone{ and feel no more. This I the hunien of the famous manmn which all the world has thronged to look at since, and 'which few, we Imagine, have parted from lightly or withouts pro ound Impressfon, ., . e took the marble which he had quarried out at Berravezza, wcnr; {er. not despalring, and, with the firc of grict In his eyes, put fl)l’fil his sombre strength upon it, and rent out of its white depths the syinbols of his despalr. The four great figures of Day and Night, Twilight and Dawn, are Instinct with the sentiment of modern thought, that profound struggle of feel- Ing which ancicnt art cschews. As wo fook nt them, auggestions, not ane but many, pour into our iminds,—indlcations of mortal conflict, and anguish, and hopelessuess,—of a fatigue and dezpalr of the soul which gocs [afinftely beyond the most Intolerablo weariness of the body; yet of the lnevitable waking, the accentance of “its burdenand penalty which Naturcand Providence alike Impose upon men. Night sleeps, but it is the slecp of a sublime despair; not rest, but oblivion of fll, fs what the great slumberer has desired, yet Sorrow, unforgotten, hovers upon the very atillness of her exlinustion, And with what pain upon her beautiful brow that sad Aurara wakes,—not the rosy-fingered Aurora of the classlcs, but a heavy, mortal Queen, rousing herself reluctantly, painfully, to meet the Caro who is awake before hier! What angulsh; what mortal cunflict; what forced assent to the cruc laws of Nature,—submission, yet resistance,— . duty compulsory and terriolc, yet not to be caat off, and which the sufferer accepts Lhomflx’ heloathes it, too strong in honor and right shirk the, ncedful act, whatever it may bel Al thls, and morc - than this is in theso glgnnt‘u set beautiful figures. And again a somcthing additional in the great Day, bursting herculean from his stouy prison, half- herofe, nothing known of him but tho at brow and resoluto cycs, and those vast limbs whicl are not yet frec'from the cohesion of the marble, though alive with such strain of actlon. lerols lhn;ircnt oem of tho age,—self-utteranca ond revelation nPn mhzht{ intellect overpowers «cd by mortal sadness, yet Incapable, how painful soever the exertion, of falling to the clalins of Life and Nature. . . . Mo who eanstandun- moved fn ¥mscllcn of these wonderful creations, or leave them without a sense of something learnt and felt boyond the ustal lessons nnd omotions of urdlnnrz Mfc, passca our compre- henslon. They mark the citmax of Michel An- gelo's genfus, the helght of power oud of cx- pr::!n.l'(lz’u. boyoud which no mortal hand could re RIODA BROUGHTON’S LAST.- A Tarr, DBy Ritona Brovaurnx, Author ‘ometh Up a8 a Flower," cte. Paper. New York: D. Appleton & Co. Chicago: Hadiey Jiros. & Co, f'tlce, 75 cents, ‘It 15 tho Intcnse vitality fn the writings of Rhoda Broughton that give thom thelr power. They are penetrated with the firo of a passlon- ate soul, that charges with {ts own magunetic forco whatever It has to do with, 1 They are not shnply reflections of thelr author; they aroan ytterance of her veey self, and ore alive, and throbbiug, aud tingling with the emotlons that sway her changeful, spontancous, and willful vhases of thought and fecling. They are fitful, and reckless, and audaclous, bocnuso so truc to the moods of the unchastened mind that in- aplres them, that has not-yet wakened to tho noble ambitfon of using for tho best and purest. purposes the potent faculties of ardor and cner- &y with which it is gifted. The samo regretful conclusions follow tho reading of “Joan as of othier of the books of comploted, the futcrest is cuthralled, and so Rluoda Broughton. Until quito half the atory is thoroughly that the queer littlo manncrisms in the stylo of tho author arc most charitably dlsregorded. But, when the smoothly-cliding love-affalr hetween Joan and Col. Wolferstan culminates {n a happy betrothal, the freakishe ness of tho writer's' spirit beaina to show fiself, and the charm of tho romance Is Lobelessy broken. Joan, a most lovcly characterization, preserves tho dignity and conalstency of her conduct to tho end; but, alas for Wolferstan; he shamofully falls from his higheatate, and de- generates very uearly into the bully and tho villatn, ‘Within a fow fleeting months after b - ment is dissolyed wln’-‘ Juag, on nccau%fu{ [ cn staln on hier father’s name,—which las been re- vealed to the nunbapp; il after 1 trath is plighted llu yhlr‘;‘l —\r{'ollcul:lcnr marriea a creaturs of fleal and b} for whom he has no honest regard; and, as if this were not enough to ghow his lack of mankiness, ha badgers poor ‘Joan, whenover chanco brings them together, for ‘having needlcssly thrown him_over, whilo all the “timo ho must havo kuown her lieart waa breaking with disappoint- ed love for him, le finally heaps up tho mcas- ure of his contemptible bohavior by proposin, to her to run nwa’: with him, on the plea nmE as they will thon be comradua in dishonor, their pmngcull of n long lito of happincss wil'be in- surcd. Joan s, of course, proof ngalnat this mlucrubl)"lnllnclnul rmon‘ug‘, but Mrs. Wol- ferstan nccammodl‘.hxgl{ dlcs of apoplexy when maticra havo reached ihis low pass, aud the reader 1a left to jufer that tho lllgh-loulml oirl —after tho manner of patient aud falthful wamen~Joyfully weds the lovor, notwithstands 't’:solvl‘ has shown himsell so wretched o pol- . 1t {s a gratification to Miss Broughton t . tort her portraits of male churm:tc& by {t:g-ix:- gz upon them hateful propensities, Sho be- trays d spito ugalnst tho sex which flads vent {n this, and also in oceaslonal filngs and gibes dis- charged in her personal comments, 8he scema to havan taint of the bittorness and malice that infect Ouida, ma though tho consures she has drawn down upon hersclt had fncited her to the revenge of petty stinging retorts. The veln of coarseness in the writer {s two or tlres tincs revealed ina gross remark, evoking thecrlticism: yidow sai that, with ml‘l hee taleats, Rioda srougiiton Is so far trom doin; womanhood (¥ it il i n IIIO‘JHE\VH."ER\'. CIIOLAR'S ITANDIOOK OF IIOUSE! MANAGEMENTAND COOKERY. Call'lg:?hg TUR HEQUEST oF TR Bcioot-Loatn or Lox. vox. WITIl AN AFVENUIX oF REcivas Usen ny ::::Tn;nxlumv -an_x‘l :I::mxu.ufumn.nrcwu. 3 . B. Teq 3 A HManiual of Domentla Feonsmy. - Tomo 12, London: M ¥ sem, MCCIuRG & Cos rics 50 Shntar 20" ‘Tho housckeeper who knows how to prepare a muititude of palatablo and ornamental dishes for the table, hus only acquired a auperficial part of her domesticeducation, If sho goes no further, Tho cullnary art is not properly mastered until thero {8 & thorough knowledge galned of the nutritlous qualities aud the cconomleal valuo of overy article of food provided. It ls impossible to practice thalaws of hygiene, orto exerciso an {ntelligent’ frugality In managing tho dict of o houschold, uuleas one underatands exactly the constituenta of all fuod-substances, and just what degree of sustenance to the hu- man systen each ono will furnish. A woman must know how much and what kind of nutri ment is afforded by milk, and cgge, and meat, and flsh, and flour, and vegctables, beforo she cou have a certain kuowlege that sheis ncting safely ond wisely o menufacturing these Into any of tho wanlfold dlshes that arc described {n tho ordinary cook-book. To make the most out of everythiog Is the great law of cconomy in the kitchen, as in com- merce and politics, Tlcrv are nano 8o rich that they have a right to disregard this principle, for prodigality and waste are everywhere criminal, 'fi".:u'i':""" 100 much rovcoue at command to used in works of utility aad ph 3ud 1o TuFha stoward gy wubiis or R scrvico is the ono wlo oxercises a prudent thrift, rfflwtl; avolding a valn cxponditure of auy earthly thing, Every commodily should be -mudo 1o yleld the utmost protit; and, therefore, the houscwifo should know in what combina- tlons, and by what mcthods of cooking, sho sy extract the most nutriment, and fu the moni dluellllmlc ul)arm, ln:l’:l‘ uauhn:mwnm sha cmploys. oW sccure roportio of glbamzn, fat, and l'u.:.“lndpllln:h. lg tho composition of every meal, ought to bo the fundamental queation with all covks; and how to secure this in the cheapest manner, is sn cq!udly neécessary consideration with very many. § 15 casy to oblaln tho reguisite {uforwaiign on both these points. The little book before us 13 one of many giving a good deal of valuahlo instruction In'the matter at a very amall cost, Tha chifef exponse Is In the sudy necessary to approptiate (s contentas but the woman who {s not willing to givo a {Iberal amount of dally, drudging study ta the problems of domestic cronomy has na right to occupy the placcof a housemother, The first part of the *' Bcholar's Mandhook" Is devoted to ‘an analyals of the clements of tho principal artlcles of dict,and an account of their value as food, together with many simple and ecnsibio directions for "“"f thern to the best advantage. Tho second part I8 occupled with ndvice upon the general management of the home, its water-supply, ventflation, heating, lighting, arrangement of the housework, and of the clothing of old and r,(}mmf' The whole Is conclided with about 150 plain recipes, taken from the course given In the Natlonal Tralning Bchool of Cookery, at South Kensington, The work {s sensible and practical, and is well worth {ts price to evory housekeeper. — THE EARL OF SITELBURNE. LIFE OF WILLIAM, EARNIL OF SIELDUNNE, . AFTERWARDS FIRST MARQUESS OF LANS: DOWNE. Witn Extnacts rrox IHis Parsns Axp Connesroxpexcz, By Lord Epsonp Fitz. Mavnice. Vol 111 1770-1803. Bvo., ?'p. 507, London: Macmillan & Co. Chicago: Jansen, McClurg & Co, Price, 84, ‘The third and concluding volumo of the life of the Enrl of 8holburne resumes tho thread of the narrative at the meeting of Parllament on the 81st of . October, 1770, threo months after the Declaration of Independence. The Earl of Bhelburne was at this time 80 years of age, and oncof tho teaders of the Oppositlon In the Housc of Lords, Bix years later he succceded Lord Rockingliam as the head of the Admints- tration, but was compelied to resign on sccount ol divisions In his Cablnet, after occupying the pldco but a singlo year. The remainder of s 1ifc was spent principally in retirement on his cstate nt Bowoods, ‘The history of tha strife between the two great politlea! partics of Englaud, up to the perfod of the death of Bhelburne, is given to hm oxclusion of focldents depicting the private character of the Earl, Somo glimpses are af- forded of tho saclety which gathered about him in his retreat, but they are so few and faint that we derive no very satisfactoryldes of swhat man- nerof man horeallywas. Deniham,and Mirabeau, and Romilly, anad "Ingenhanz, and Pricatly arc cited among his favored guests; yet no remi- nlscences of importance of tlieso celebritics on- liven the blography. The death of the Earl, then Lord Lansdowne, occurrcd May 7, 1805, 1is memiolr I8 chiofly valuablo na o contrlbution to tlic political records of his day. — BOOKS RECEIVED. TUE LEATHER MANUFACTURE IN THR UNITED BTATEB!: A IIssERTATION ON THE MeTuous AKD Econouies or Taxxixo, Iy Jackson B, Scnurrz, With Numerons Illustra- tions. To Witicn Is Anuep A REront oX Tiz ReLamive Ecoxoxirs or Bunxive Wetr Brexr Tax, by Titrwox Skrew, C, E. s\'o..Bp. 308, Now Yurk: Shes and Leather Zteporter Ottice. A COMMENTARY ON THE lIOLY SCRIPTURES: CRITICAL, DOCTRINAL, IOMILETICAL. WItit SrECIAL REZEDENCE 70 DUNISTERR AND STUDENTR. u{ Joux PetEn LANE, . D., in Connection with a Number of Eminent European Divincs, Tranelatod from the German, and Edited, with Additione, Original and Selected, by Puiuar Scuarr, D.D., in Connoction with American Scholars’ of Varlous Evangalical De- nominatione. Voi. VII. or Tng OLD TestaA- XEXT,: COXTAIXING Cinoxictxs, Ezna, NEux. MiAll, ANp Estiien, 8vo, New York: Scribnor, Armstrong & Co, Chicago: Hadley Bros, & Co, Price, $56. MICHAEL STROGOFF, TIIE COURIER OF THE CZAR. * By Jurxs Vi Author of **Tho Mysterlous felan te. Translated by W. . Kixustox, Revised b¥ RERS, With_Ninety . Full-Poge 1ltustrations, 12mo., EE‘ 377, Now York: scribmer, Armastrong & Co, leago: 'rico, $3. & Co. Prif TERIODICALS RECEIVED. POTTER'S AMERICAN MONTHLY for Fabruary l.!nhn E, Potter & Cu., Philadelphin). Contenta: *Wilmington, Part and Prorent,” by Wil Henry Thorno: **Then and Now—The Origin of the Ametrican Flag—The Battlo of Mud Tsland, by John C. Conybeare; **My Perll and Escapes *Thomas Palne,” hy Ramiel Yorko At ot **Tho Pony-Rider's Mission Accompllished; !*The Father and Child,** by Richard Wiiton, M Don't Tuke It fo Ticart," by Georgiann C. Clark; **Architectural Progress, aa Seen in tho Rellgions Edificea of the World. —1. Intro- ductory: l‘amnld. and Temples of Entl." by the Nev. William Blackwond, 1%.1h, " LI 3 **Tho Amerfcan Drama—Itn Successes anil ures,” by A, E. Lancasters $*The Fair Patriot of tho Itevolation, byn_nr‘dllllmoc\l; **Waocd d, '* by Rorn Nouclietto Carey; **Tho W " by Anna M 3 44dmrrent Memora *Scienco and My chanicss" ¢! Gosalp and Note-Tlook.” The num- ber contains thirty-six Njusteations, s;;mguu,m for” February (A. N, Bell, New ‘ork). LITERARY NOTES, The plan of the AriJournal tocludes, a8 the scoond clauso of ita titla declares, *an intcrna- tlonal gallery of engravings by distinguished artists of Europe and Amerlca, with fllustrated papers n the varlons branchies of Art.” The maln features of the publication, during the coming year, will comprise the steel plates and llustrations of the London Ari~ournal, with addtjous relating to Ameriean Art-subjects; the Bceenery of the Puclfic Rallway, with illustrations fram desizns by Mr. J. D. Woodward; repreacn- tatlons of Art-features of tho Centennfal Exhi- bitlon; illustrations of stately and plcturesque Homes of Amerlens papers on Mouschold Art, by Charles Wyllys Elllott; sketches of Amerl- can artists, with cxamples of thelrwyorks; articles on Amerfean and forelan Art-manutac turcs; on Awmerlean Church-Architecture, ete., ete. Tho opening number of tho year contalns threo atcol plates: the first, engraved after Qicrome’s celebrated picture of * Cleapatra and Ciesars? the second, ofter Mr. Fieldes® **Simn- Pllvltv;" and tho third, after Foley's statuo of “Geon, T. J, (“Stoncwall ) Jackson,” The lite crary articles embrace the first chapter of “The Beedery of tho Paclfic Raflway ;' the ifth chiap- ter of “‘raditious of Cliristlan Art," bI' the Rov, Edward L, Cutts, B. A.; the eighth oi tho scries from 4 The Centennlal Exhibitions" “The 8tately Ilomes of Englnmn Clumnber, Nottinghamshire,” by Mr, 8. C. Hall and Liew- cliynn Jewett: “Leon Geromej? in London3” _“Recent Art-Publications;" and #Notes.” Inaddition to the steel plates, the work s profusely {lluatratod with beautiful woodcuts. The engravings reproducing Art- objects displayed at the Centenninl are of supe- ror excellence, as fndced are all which are ad- mitted Into the perfodical. As {ts contents declare, the Art-Journal em- bracea n wido diversity of subjects for pen and [mncll, and s a work which roffocts rredit upon ho literury und artistic culture of America. (Agency, Chicago: 3 Wasbington street), The prospectus of the Portfullo, an artistic riodleal edited by Thilip Gllbert Jamerton, s brizht with lpmunl.ln for the ycar 1877, Tho arranzemonts for otchings, wm{h form so lin- portant & featurc of the magazine, include coplca froin pictures fu Lord Spencer's gallery, thirco of which will ba exceated by M. Fi jamong and threo by M, Hsjon. A nuniber of platos will aleo be'given from pletures In tho National Gallery; M. Legros will contribute portraits of istingulshed artlats, cteliod from Iifo, on cop- vors und M. Brunet Dobalncs will repriduce se- icctions from tho sketches of M, W, Wild in Northern Italy, Tho literary conteuts of the volume will embrace theconcluding chapters of Hamerton's memolr by Turner; h‘i raphics of distinguished artlsts; articles on Modern Beulpt- ure, b{ 3Mr. Comyns Qarr; and twelve papers C upon the old engraversof (ermany and Italy, by fof. Cotvin, o et o Jauuary number of tho Por realizes the assurances given n tho doscribed. It contalus a master) Flameng, after the * Painter's Daughter " by llulwml for which one would willingly pay the prico of the number, and a fine portraft of Fd. ward J, Paynter, R. A., etched b‘)' Legros, and lmmnlumle with a ‘bio craphical skelch of tho subjeet Ly tho edit 'hio first of tho articlea by "Prof, Colyln, under the title of * Albert uror: Ills Teachers, His Mivals, sud His Schiolars, " treats of Martin Schongancr, of Col inar, who, before Durcr, was tho best engraver fn Germany. Two cxanples of his worl , and ono after Durer, {llustrato tho text. A review of Mra, Oliphant’s * Makers of Florence,” with scveral exqulsite cuts from the book, and a col- lection of Art-Notes, conclude the number, Tho entfru character of the Por{follo s marked by the palnstaking honesty that tsona of tho stronw troits of Hawmertou. “Every paragroph in the letterpress and every' passage in tho plcturcs ovinces an elevated alm and a cultivated “ability, Tho subecribers to the work will be sure to anx o fuily schomp ek‘hln)f by from it gevuiuc help to an understanding of tho valncu and_the principles of pure srt. (New ork: J.W. Bouton.) Tho glxon ctus of a new weckly ournal, en- titled tho Portralt, has been fssucd in Londo, cland. ~ It anvouuces tuat the paper will Englan "n{flulmto the time we live fn Ly means of pbotographs and mwemories of those who adarn or disgrace it."" Morcover, writers *‘of ability oud of kpown wodesty ‘‘are to be fnvited to supply thelr own memolrs,” which will not ba charged for as advertlsements.” Among the first portraits publlshed will bo thoso of the Ear] of Beacoustield, Mr. W, E. Forater, M, P., Gen. Teherualelt (with o memoir by Mr. Archibald Forbes), Mr. Willlam Black (with a memolr h{ mel}j. Mr, Tourgueyic!, thg Russlan uovelis (with a memolr by Mr. W. R. Bmnburnc, and Mr. Woolner, FAMILIAR TALK. CONGRESS OF LIBRARTANS. At tho Congress of Librarians held at £hila- delphia early in October last, Mr. Poole, of the Chicago Publle Library, read the opening paper, which had for its subject *S8ome Popular Ob- jeetlons to Libraries.”” Among tho objections cons{dered was that releting tothe large amount of fiction which ia introduccd and groedily used n most cireulating libraries. It s argued by many that, if novels and other hooks generalty termed “light literature” were not to be had, readers wonid turn to worksof a higher order for entertainment. But Mr, Poole concludes from his extended experlence that the masses of & community, who have very little literary and scholarly culture, willread no books at all, If not supplled with such as are suited to thelr Intelligence, First a Labit of reading must bo acquired, and then the quality of the bovks sought progressively improves. “Tho standard Listorles,” he declares tech- nleal works of science, and even Bhakspeare's plays and Milton's ‘Paradise Lost,’ are rcaled books to a larger portlon of overy community than are willing to acknowledge the fact. *When a boy,' satd John Quincy Adams, * I at- tempted ten {imes to read Milion's * Paradise Lost.” I was mortifled even to the shedding of tears, that I could not conceive what it was that my father and mother so much admired in" that book. smoked tobacco and read Milton at the eame time, and for the samenotive: to find out what was that recon- dite charm in them that gavemy father so much pleasure. - After making myself sick four or fivo times with smoxing, { mastered that accom- plishment; but I did not master Milton, I was nearl; Bl)’nurs of nge when I first read * Parn- dise Loat ™ with delight and astonishment.! It our objectors mourn over the standard of books which are read by tha publie, they may be con- soled by the fact that, asa nile, people read books better than themselves, and hence arc becefited by reading. A book of a lower Intellectual or moral standard than the reader's is thrown aside in disgust, to be picked up and read by a person stlll lower in the scale of mental and morat development. At the sume Cunm-u}n[wr was rend hy Mr, Janiea G. Barnwell, of the Philadelphia Mercantile Library, advocating the ncceesity and practicability of * A Universal Catalogug® of books. It wis the opinlon of Mr. Henry G. Dohn, on experienced bibliographier and cata- loguer, that **It would be possille to register and describe under one alphabet crery book known to literature, . . . and" such an objeet might be accomplished iIn o very few years.” The value of such a cata- Tozue, In which ono could ascertain at a glance the 1ist and location of all the volumes cxtant upon any given topic, I8 obvious; but the ob- stacles in the wn{ of {ts construction arc for- midable. Chlef of these §5 the expense, which must be lnrgze, and could bo mat probably only by Government aid. Auumlnithnt the num- 8. Ralston), Mr. A ber of printed books may be represented bry 2,000, titles, Mr. Barnwell thinks thirty volumes of the slze of ihe En- glish Catalogue would contaln them all. The sale of 80 bulky o work would he small; yet ecach of the 105 existing lbrarfes Jmncuing over 000 volumes would undoubtedly take n copy; nnd many librarics of smaller size, and wealthy lvlrivnm keollccwu. ‘would find {¢ essential to own .the work. During tho proceedings of the Conventlon theroarose o lively discussion of the available methods for protecting libraries from the loss of volumes through careleas and covetous borrow- crs. It was stated by Mr. Wiusor. on behalf of tho Public Lflymf of Boston, that. during the i’nnr ending AEH 30, 1870, 1,000,000 books had heen putinto the hands of the patrons of that inatitution, and all but 100 iad_heen recovered. #Wedonot measure,” sald Mr, Winsor, “the extent of an endeavor to recover books by tho value of the particular ons lost, I liave sent for them through the police of Doston and 8an Francisco, nnd recovered them even from Calle fornia; and thero s a well-known lecturer wan- dering upon the faca of the earth now, who only needs to como within the range of observatlon 1o be ealled to account for books nppropriated by h};n in the days of my predecessor, tou years 8go0. BWISS GYMNASIUMS,. From n lato statistical report on the present conditionof the higher schools of Switzerland, published by Prof. IL. Wirs, of Zurlcl, we learn that there aro cighteen Gymnnsiumsin tho German Cantons, Lesides tho Real-Gymnasiumn In tho City of Zurich. In onc, that at Dasel, tho course cxtends through nine years; In five others, It cxtends through cight ycars; In three, through seven years; in four, six and a half years; and, in the remainder, through six years, In theso last, the philosophical coueso [s dispensed with, Religluus teaching is fm- parted dn sl the institutions; but attendanco at this {ustitution is obligatory only in Basel, Berne, Aarss, and Zurich. The English aud Ialian angunges arc optiobnl, except in Bolothurn, wherg Italinn ia mmrul- sory, and In Schalllinusen, whero the English is cenforeed. French s obligatory in all the Gym. nasiums exeept five, and Philosophy s adopteid i nine. Tho Inrgest proportion of time in all Lhe schools ia gtiven to the study of Latin,—the number of hours weekly ranging from alxty- seven in Dasel to thirty-six Tn Zug. In the Prussian Gywaashuns the nunber of hours wccklf- dovoted to Latin is eighty-six; fn the Bavarlan Real-Gymnasiums, nincty-six. Greek occuples from thirty-clght to elghtcen hours weekly in the Swiss schools, and {s obliga- tory only in seven of them. Intha remabider the Greck may be exchanged for any modern language. In the Prussian schools Greek fs studied forty-two bours weekly for a perfod of nino years, “Mathematics clafin In Bwitzerland {from thirty-slx hours fu Burzdorf to cighteen liours in Altorf. Natural Sclence is overywhcro taught except fn Engelberg and Altorf, but tho "&T ber of hours it claims™ Prof. Wirz docs not state, 1t may be mentioned, In conncetion with the subject of tho Bwisa schools, that tho disturbed condition of Southeastern Enrope bos had s consfderable cffect upon the Zurlch Folyteelini- cum and University. In bothi schools the at- tendance has been inuch Iess than usual during the winter-semester, and in tho first named in- stitutlon is wholly accounted for by the abscnco of Roumanlan, Qreek, and Serb students, OSTRICH~FARMING. For a century past n few tamo ostriches have been Kept among tho Dutch farmers at Cape Colony, in Africa, for the sake of thelr feathers; but it s only within twenty years that tho en- terpriso of ostrich-farming has been developed into a systematic industry, Tho tirst ostrich hatched fu confinement in tho Cape Coluny chipped tho shell, according to 3Mr. Moscathal (* Ostrichea and Oatrich-Farming," by Jullus do Mosenthat and Jantes Edmund Horting— London, Trubues & Co.), ‘sbout ten ycars ago, In 1885 there were only cighty tame ostriches in_the country; in 1875 thero were 82,247, In 1358 tho cxport of feathers from tho Cupe amounted to 1,853 pounds; in 1874 it amounted to 56,820 pounds, valued at $1,028,- 200, Buch has bLeen lmmnl‘d development of ostrich-farming in Southern Afrlen. ho birds thrivo on ¢ awcet-grass lands,"” which are rich in alkalla, In their native stato their food consists of grass, leaves, grain, and seeas, It is calcolated that a farm of 000 acres of sweet-rrass land will aupport 100 birdsg nud the sawe amount of ¥ suur-grass Tund " will keep only n!zhl{. and this with the ald of artificial fuold’in the form of green crops, Indian corn, aud crushed bones. One farmer bLas kept i hoalth twenty-nine binds fn a flold of cight acres sown with Jucerne. The inclusures for the blrds necd to bo surrounded with but comparatively low fences, a3 tho ostriches do not inako use of thelr wiugs (u flight. When tho plumiugs 1a fn the best condition, the okl birds are plucked at intervals of about elght mouths, aud thy md of fcathers by cach bl averages in value per annum, An vstrich-tarmor ot Hllton, near Cape Town, ractices artificlal fucubation so successfully hat mot above 3 perceut of fertlle cgge arc lost, By pursuing this process, the females are induced” to lay many more than the normal number of cgge, From six birds 130 healthy young ostriches have been obtained i one sea- 800, THE MISERICORDIA. p Inthe City of Florence there cxists to-daya charitablo institution which was founded fn the thirtcenth ccotury, Its members may bo seen at almost any hour in tho public strects, clad Inaloog gennent of black, which shrouds tho whole fizure from view, and bearing in solemn processiontho ltter of thu sick tosomo hospltal, or tha bler of tho dead to'its final resting-place. The socicty is large and flourishing, and com- prises in ono ravk Princes and noolemen, labor- ersand artisans. Tho Order do mot wear thelr robes of offico nor give their time to benevolent service, excopt a3 their bell aonouncesthat some victim of discase or death Is needing their kind- ly ministrations. They then Ieave all other oo cupatlous, Lustlly assuiny their mysterious dis- and sally forth to tho polut whero thelr | presence fs demanded, Without reward of any sort, the Brothersof the Mincricordia hold them- selves reaidy to perform certain preacribed dutics lnr1 Ithclr suffering human fcllowa at an instant’s notice, The loflcl{flu established by a Lenevolent individual of humble rank, one Pletro Dorai, o roncr, who daily waited in the Plazzaof 8an ilovanni, with others of his calling. for chance cinployment. Heconcefved the {deaof indacing his confreres to fine each other for every oath snoken, and to 1se the money thua collected in the purchase of litters for transporting the sick and wounded to placcs of eafety, In those days the victime to strect-brawls and desperato en- countera were numerous in turbulent Florence, and there was abundant need of the succor of the Miserfcordis. The soclety throve,—plous hands being ever ready to engagd In & work which praved ftself lielpful, aud found s rich return In the good accomplislied. From fts be- inning It has nover languished; and althongh, n the more peaceful times of late centurics, there Is less required of the charltablo Miseri- cordla, the sssoclation maintalns its activity and numbers, —— PROFITR OF ARTISTA, ‘The Portfolio states, In & note upon the ra. pldity with which artists at the present day at- tain the repute which leads to fortunc, that, o year or 80 ago, Melssonfer accepled a commis- sion for a small picture of two figures at $15,- 000; but, when the work was done, ha demand- ed twico the price agreed upon, alleging as the excusc that the value of his llnllmg had dou- bled during the interval. l? De Neuville, a painter of quite rocent fame, sccurcs §500 lor o small ofl-sketeh of s single fizure, M. De Nittls, M. Firmin Glrard, snd Mr. Fildes are cited as other cxamples of the astonishiuvg rapidity with which Art-reputations are made nowadaye, and of the high prices of Art-works ollow as s consequence of celehrity. wi Artists, like merchants, are gaining fortunes,| buliding fine houses, and Jiving in fuxury. This is an age In which the professions seem to be muro lucrative than the tradea. VASARI, A now cdition of Vosarl Is soon to be pub- Tished in Florence. It will be edited by Sig. Carlo Plerf, aud the learned Cavallcre Gactano Milancei, who cdited the MBS. and letters of Michel Angelo which were first published at the time of the quatre-centennary festival a year or more ago. It s very desirable that the blographles of Vasari should -be subjected toa thorough revision, a8 so much of poaltive error and of doubtful statement is mingicd with au- thentic data In their composition. 8ince Bohn's English edition of Vasari was g:bluhevl. 1n 1850, & areat deal of new lght lias been thrown upon Itallan Art, particulnrly by the researches of Mezars. Crowe and {Cavalcasclle, and, as the amended version of Vasarl will probably em- body all frosh and correct informatlon, 1€ Is to Imnmd that It will soon be given to English readess, TIIE * AUTOCRAT.” Dr. Holmes' *Autocrat of the Breakfast- Table’ has been translated tato German under the titlo of Der Tisch-Desps!. SPARES OF SCIENCE. DBLOOD-IDENTIFICATION. Tho aclence of Medical Microscopy 1s being studled with great activity at the present time, and one of the most lutercsting questions with- In its scopo s that rclating to the possible {dentification of human blood in distinction from that of otlicr nammals. It s contended by somo authorities that there are no mcans now known to Sclence by which the blood of man can be certainly distinguished from that, for Instance, of the dog, the ox, and the sheep. Others amain, expert in the usa of the microscope, maintain that tho affair {s quite poesible, and indecd that it is an accomplished fact. Moro than this, they dare to assert that the {dentification may {n all cases bo 8o surc as to be admitted, where need- cd, ns trustworthy testimony {n criminal cases. ‘The American Lavw-Reglster gave in s late num. ber an Intercsting articlo upon this point of the subject, written by Dr. R. U. Plper, and accom- panled with llustrations by the author. Dr. Plper has devoted much time to the elucl- dation of the matter in dispute, and, ns the result of above 10,000 carcful examinations, has reached the conclusion that human blood may be distiuguished from any other by a compara. tive measurcmient of the red corpuscies. Mo is also canfldent that this determination can bo ac- curately mado whether the examnples be fresh op old, M. Naquet, Professor to the Fnculty of Medicine of Paris, declarcs that, when blood-stains ‘‘arc tolcrably recent, they mn; be detected by ‘examining tho molstened stalned cloflh directly ~ under tho microscupe; a discrimination between anis mal and buman blood fs then possible.” M. Cloubry, In bis % Manual of Recent Medicine,' further aflirma that, “Zowerer great may be the ago of tho spots, microscopical examination witl nevertheless roveal the bood-gle ; those on which M. Robin mads his experiments dated back from cight to twelvo years,” zed to theso conclusions {s. among othe . Woodward, of Washington, who nsserts t “There are certaln mammals—amongthem the dog—whoso red corpuscles are so nearly {dentical fn alze with those of human Llood, that they eannot be distioguished by any vower of the microscope; even in fresh blood, much leas {0 dricd stains.” Now it Is upon tha distinction 1n sizo between tho red corpuscles In man aud in thodog, as cxamined in both the dried and the fresh atates, that Dr, Piper mainly bascs his pasition {n the article already mentioned, Iifs examinations were made with a maguifying power of 1,375 diameters, and upon specimens of blood from about fftcen individusls of different ages and both scxes, and from nearly as many dogs, including o spauiel, Newfound- land, two or_three terriers, and mongrels of varlous broeds. ‘Tno methods practiced {n the Investizations end mensurementa wero calculatod with tho greatest carg to jusure accuracy, and guvo an avernge os follows. Human blood-corpuscles measured 1-3,%90 of an fuch, 007,74 milltme. tres. Dog's blood-corpuscles measured 1-3,687 of an inch, 0005,80 millimetres. Gulliver, theautharity followed by Dr. Carpen- ter, Flint, oud Richanlson, eives: Human bivod, 18,50 of an inch, 007040 millimetres. Dog's blood, 1-3,543 of an Inch, 051,00 mill{- metres. Schmldt, another mumd&' gives: Human blood, 13207, of an fnch, 017,10 millimetree, Dog's blood, 1-8,643 of au inch, 0071,60 milli- mctres, Theao tables show that the difference between the corpuscles in human blood and in that of tho dofh Istinctly recognizable, In the multitudo of his examivalions Dr. Piper finds that funo anlmal do tho corpuscles approach in_size so near to thoso of- man as in the dog. From these observations he fecls competent to assert that the decislon of an expert microscuplst with regard to the human or anlmal source of blood- stains may be safely admitted into our law- courts, Ifo himsclf lias often been called upon to furnish such testlolony, Of the valuo of evl- denco of the sort under some circumstances, an examplo s cited by him from the work on *3edical Microscopy,” by wr. Joseph G, Rich- ardaon, which for {ta interest we hero repeat: The telal occarred at Norwich, England, abont the yesr 1850, undcr tho following clrcamsiances: A femalo child, U years of age, was foand lyinz on il ground in 4 smiail plantation, quite dead from a wound in the throat. Suspiclon fell upon tho mother af tho girl, who, upon belng taken nto custody, behaved with the utmost coolness. and admitted having taken her chlld to the plantation where the body was found, whenco the child was lost whilo Eolnx in gneat of flowcrs, There was found fn tho woman's posscesion o large knife, which was submitted to a carcful examination; nothing was found upon it, however, with the ex- coptioniof a few pleces of halr odhering to the handlc. sa small a3 to be scarcely visjbls, The ex. inatlon bel conducted 'in the presenco of "fha pridoner, “and . the oficer ‘romark- ing. tsflere 14 s bit of fur or bhalr on the handlg of your knife," the womsn replicd, irYes, 1dars sy thera In, wnd very likely some stalns of bluod, for, as I cane home, 1 found a rab- Elllflnghlm & suare and cut histhroat with the nife, " The knifowas sent to London, and, with tho particles of halr, subijited to a inleroscoplc ex- smination. No traca of blood could at it be de. tectod upon the weapon, which sppeared to have been washed: but, upon separating the homne handle fron: tha ehaft, §i was fouud that & fuld bad cuctrated into the socket which was found to be Flood, cortainly oot tho biood of a rabbit, but bears inga rescmolaage to'that of 5 Buman body. "o heir was thea submitted to examination. This halr was found by the microscopist to be thug of a 0w, agulrrel. Now, round the neck of tho child at the time of tho murder thery was & tippet of squirrel’s fur. trong clrcumatantial evidenco was deemed b, o Jury suficleut to convict the risoner, sud, while walling execution, she con- Yultd her crime. ‘The drawing and measuring of enlarged blood- corpuscles Is criginal with Dr. Piper, who has thus been ablo 1o exhibit bis determinations o the clesrest form in courts of justice. — ANCIENT MAPS, ‘The last numbes of Nature contains an {nter- cating article describing some of tho mors note- worthy curiosities displayed at the Intesnational Geographical Congreas at Paris in 1875. Amoog these are several old twaps of tho world, which are represcuted by chart as wellasby word. One, helonging to the ninth or tenth century, and used In a Commentary of the Apocaispse by Beatue, cxhibits the carth as = spherical plane, entlrely rurroutnded by anar- row strip of ocean, Europe occupfes the lower left-hand quarter of theepace; Africa lics atits right, and Asla fills the upper halt of the cir- cle. The Mediterranean Bea s drawn fn the form of a stralght bar rising out of the occanat the south, and, after reaching the centre, turns in a rizht angle and empties into the occan on the west,~thus Inclosing Europe with a boun- dary of water. Rivers project from thisees In curlous curves, with knobs at the cndof most of them, meant for the Iakes fn which they were supposed to rise. Islands in the form of lv\lmres arc_sctin double rowsalonz the length of the Mediterrancan, and are scatiered through the outer ocean. The dry land {s stud- ded with mountains, which risc in conical shapes orin clnmz-(ed masses. At _thefop of the map, at_the point wlere Parndise was probably located, Adem and E: arc standing In_conventional lhltudu, with fig- ures fronting tho spectator and faces turned to- waril each other, while the subtlo serpent rests its head on tho top of a post round which the body is twined, and regards the primeval pafr with an afr of sanctified wisdom. At the four outer corners of the map are four figurcs, eym- bolical of the winds,—each acated upon o bottle- shaped lox, from which the biasts are belching with the force of liot out of a cannon, and hav- ing in his mouth a horn, through which he blows an equally vigorous gust. The chart furms a striking commentaryon the fiz‘cngnphiml knowle edge possessed by the monks In the dark ages. The only known copy of Sebastlan Cabot's m? of the warld is also in tho collection. This is dated 154, and eontains in Latin and Spanish the statement that John and Rebastian Cabot Iafled on the Continent of North America fn 3L, A portion of this map, contalning the northeast region of Bouth America, {8 repro- duced in Nature. It Is covercd with fizures of indians and anfmals, sndmountaine, trece, and the habitations of the aborigines, In the occan ronnd about, monsters of horrld aspect sport, and vesscls of medieval bulld ride upan the l:nl:ra. The whole plcture is pxccedingly amus- g OCEAN-CURRENTS, Hetr Von Schielnitz, s member of the recent expedition of the German corvette Gazelle, has published views upon ocean-temperatures and currents which differ considerably from thoee advanced by Sir C. Wyviile Thompson, and based upon obscrvations made on the Chal- Tenger cxpedition. Herr Von Bchiciuitz ob- served that the Arctle deep-sea current In the Pacific crosses the Equator and meets the Ant~ arctic current between lat. 30 deg. and 86 deg. 8. In the Atlantic,on the other hand, the Antaretic decp-sea current passes the Equator and runs northiward for a considerable distance, From these facts Herr Yon Schilelnitz concludes that the Antarctic current, though of Mmited breadth, must convey cnormous masses of water from the South Atlantic Into the North Atlantic, 88 it has an average depth of mote than 1,000 fathoms, A great part of this water undoubtedly flows_ throuch thi: Arctic Sea and Detiring's Strait into the Nojth Paclfic, and swells the Arctic current thal passes so far Leyoud the Equator beforo meeting the Antarc- tie current, The circuit is completed by the waters of the BSouth Pacific flowing into the South Atlantic. ‘The air-{sotherms and sea-Isotlierms show that the Bouth Atlantic is colder than the North At- lantie; that the North Atlantic is warmer than the North Pacifie; and that the Bouth Pacific is warmer than the Routh Atlantic. Theee facts support the hypothiesis of Herr Von Schicinitz, of a regular and complete system of occan-cir- culation in the manncr described. The popular theory, that the warmer temperature of the North Atlanticis due to the Guif Strean:, acs cords too much to the iflucnce of a current of the width of only about 100 natitical miles and adepth of but 100 fathoms, Much of the In- creased heat of the waters of the North Atlan- tic must, in the opinion of Herr Von Schieinitz, be ascribed to thelr passage over the Equator, and the great expansionand northwami coursc of theAntarticcurrent, It isnot supposed thatall the deep-sea currents flow in unison with tho great atrenm which maintains 3 complete round from ocean to ocean: but more light 8 needed upon the subject of ocean-currents before any of the hypatheses hitherto brought forward” can be considered conclusive. — DRIEF NOTES. Tho Observatory at Vilua, fn Western Rusaia, was destroyed by flro Dee. 28, and only the smaller Instruments and books wern saved., Tha Joss to Belence is conslderable, as the Uo- servatory has durlog some ycars been doing valuablo work. ‘Tho initial steps havo been taken for the erce- tlon of a monument to Mr. Ponchet, the former Dircctor of the Dotanie Gardens of Rouen, whose death occurred ten years sgo. Mr, Pon- chet was an advocate of the theory of anon- tancous generation, and published 8 number of papera on tho subject, addressed to the French Academy of Sclences. ‘The Swedlsh University of Upsala will cale- brate its 400th annivcraary the 21st of Scntem- ber. The fustitution is tho oldest and richest in Scandinavia. Its funds amounted In 1570 to 1,738,587 crowns, and the annual Goverumental rant to 300,000 crowns. Its Faculty compriscs fiulrl ~fivo i‘mtmurl. with twenty-seven ad. Juneis and fifty docents; and ita matriculated students number about 1,500, For nearly a contury and a quarter, regular meteorologlcal observations have been made in 8t. Peteraburg; and, during that period, the lowest temperature noted occurred Dec. 22, 1876, when the mereury froze and a s Irll,-l’Imn mometer indlcated 43 deg. 4 min,, Fabr, The lowest temperuture herctofora observed in Jou- Juary, the coldest mouth of the yeur, has not seached this point. Jan. 1808, "the temperus ture fell to —38 deg, cel n 1760, 10 —i1 deg. :ln 1772, to —89 deg. 7 min.§ and in 1814, to —39 og. A report of the journcy to the Polar Bes, made ml. wmmcr’ by Herr V, Horn Von der Horck, establishes the fact of a contlnnous water-route from tho Gulf of Bothnia to the Polar Sca. **On the summit of the watershed - between these bodicsof water, tho Lako Wawolo pilicsat o height of B0O-U00 fuct above tho level of the sea. Two rivers flow from thia, —ong to the north, cmptying into the Ivallo. and tho other to the south, emptying into the Kititul. Frequent cascades aud waterfalls ren- der this waterway uscless for purposes of navi- gatlon.” A collection of twenty-four fossil lizards from the sandstone sirata of Stuben have been lately added to tho Royal Cablnet of Natural History atStuttgart, The Mzardsareina l-n;ilcd mass, os though they bad been wushed up In a heap after death by the actlon of the waves. They cover a space of ahout two square yi , and nglo speclmens measure “thirty-two soma {nchos In length. The animals form a distinct spevies, having, for their chief peculiaritics, heads ko a bird, tnasalve, scaly armor of sixty 1o seventy successive rings, and extremitles like those of existing Mzards. Tho Rev. G. Brown, who has lately concludea a missionary-tour of a ycar's leugth nmong the Polynesian “Islands, reports mnu{_ interesting discoverios, “flio juhabitants of New Britain and New Ircland wero found to be cannibals, The former fslaud was quite thoroughly ex- plored, and proved to be hilly i tbe Interior, with one l‘mk reaching a height of 2,500 feet, It s well-populsted, Tho explorers were fn- formed by the uatives that a certaln interlor tribe possessed caudal appendages of au extraors diuary character, and & speclnien was promised theoion thelr next visit, Largecoilections were made by ths party, fllustrating the geology, fauna, und flora of the leland. Two Hundred Miillons of Dollars Bpent Yeurly for Clgurs, New York Sun, In former years cigaretics wero used almost oxclusively by Cubans and Spuolards. Now uearly every small boy In tho city, and many, too, of large growth smoke them by the package, Cigars, tov, which fn 1863, accordiug to the revenuo returus, were veported only to the extent of 109,238,283, have uow become a staple necessity, nlmost touching tho two-billionite fgure, the exact number belug 1,003,141,857! The following is an official table of productivn from 1863 to 1876; +« 1,143,756,008 11,807,031, 610 850, 007, 408 947,039, ,:08.“1.:151 Th 000 people_in the country, o womcn, ahd hilibcn, OF thoso i o co- timated 8,000,000 are won, of whoul, brobably, 2,000,000 aro regular smokers. According this cvery man smokes 2,000 cigars a year, or threo cigars sud aclgurctie overy day. Tho tufiuence forevil and good of the varying rates of tax isclearly shown in the fpltgug;f roductios. ‘The ad valorem rates of 1563, 1864, 563, and 1867 wero exceedingly detrimental to the clgar futcrest, s i _dewvnstrated by the the mcagre returns aud the experfence of mau- 865, Tein, an_exceptio ;‘xdchrnhl)'! augmente: higher rates—iwas not b 1855, ed all the way r 1,00, the majorit; Its predecessor, having been enforced, is ?flnln perceptible. 030 in n aingle year. of that © Yet Tom he did not horrow grl: nfacturcrs at that time. The production fn comparatively large, nppears to_be n in proof of this assumption. But the exception 18 only in appearance. apnarent vield of {l that a portion of lhcfrrm‘uttu{ 193 4—{tselfl con- by the anticlpation of brouizht to taxation until rang- 15, 823 to 840 snl clines made during ho vear wero returned under the $8 tax. And to this circumatance wis due the fact that a emall New York delegation of manufacturers succeeded, without dlmcull{, uniform tax of 810 adopted by Congress. 210 raie, though o decll preceding hat year is due to the Morcover, thouch the tax, In 1903, from 23, £3, 810, § 560,500, or an annual average of 1,008,040,~ Hesides thio domeatfe produetion the cigar rettes imported In 608 arc embraced in this total. enr—212,502,098 P e THE COBBLER-—A TRADE-ITION. J6hn Cobb he kept s cobbler-ahop, Quite small and not (o0 neat, That, though of hamble rank, yet siwd . On's high-graded street. A kind, dear, good-souled man was ho, And he hingooda sold cheap: Ha rewed fit proofs of fine hand-work, And prof-its ine did reap, A wife he had, a roting she, Cro-n-gulned as cowhide conrse; Though fery, all she did was scold— Bhe was a little hoarsc. Poll was her name, ight — Stiil aetdom flcn;".'}}n?: 2o And, when tradc-akins were hanging loose, She'd tan hia own skin tight. In taking snch a shrew to wife, He fonnd he was not shrewd; 8a rudely aid sho mar hin joi His marr-lage he soon roet Holed a jaded life, until The dead jude shia wans gona; Bhe went In morninz-close, yet he No mourning-clothes put on. As stood he by her new grave side, He Jooked not grave, nor sighed: And, when sho on her back was hid, He too went back to hide. Uer shadow gone, she left a son, — Tom was the name he had,. ‘Who. though not partial 1o the strap, Yet was o strapping Iad. Hir wish it waa to study law, ‘To be Jike great Judge Lynch; Hia father's will was Iaw to him,~ e judged him to the bench, But, when his father's bock was ta; The shop-job: ‘would shirk; Bo, when his fa back returne, There would be **cuss "' Tom work. 01d Cobb, though rather rough to him, A soft and sinooth heart bad; But, like a corn-cob, it turned hard ‘Whene'er its seed got bad. Not much he know of curing s, Btill heeling was his trade; Although not very learned, Iemn Men's understandings mado. A very saving man was he,— In cating nono wan more: And atlll, with all his thriftiness, 11is scraps they strewed tha floor. While much Le hated batchery, He ent the skin of calves; And, though he often patched up holes, He no'cr did things by halvos, Although ho wore no lace, yete tiad lacos In b Not very often While all he sold were palrs. Ho kent no dog or cat, ret ail Lo made went in the lap: o never drank 8 drop of heer, ‘Thouch always at the tap, With tender uppers worked he out Tne upper-ten folks' wills; ‘While fast ho'd bulld shoes fur their fect, They footed slow their bills. Though reaped he much, bo sowed no seed, Tcars by his sced wore sewns No one saw balf of what he did, Yet all his work was shone. roed, haping beots to Bt mon' hape grew shingle- thi E'ct alnee tho duy he singlo was, Tio did nosingle sin. To make amends for what he did, 1la frec would mako a mend; As ho waxcd-ends used every day, 111s days waxed to an end. As he s sole was putting on, 11la soul It off did glide: ‘While he outsida did take a stitch, A stiteh took him Inelde. He putsome lesther in a tub, Th\:uh]w-[m;m‘!.flw la‘:xll‘ its Sl nslowly turned a whitowash-pal And qult{ly kicked the bucknl? % ‘To buried bo in state, he willed Assont befors ho went; And yet hia will It did not state ‘That ho had left a cend. ‘Though much his slre that season saved, No salc could hls son see; e fuund somo old boot-legs, bat found No booty legacy. Though he waa left a-loan; 8o, in distress of mind, ho heaved Noah-me! but a-houet No more to pine upon the beneh, He sold the bench for plno; Ho sighin® had kept up enough, S0 he pulled down the wign, Then, so that he would soon get rich, lia tlirew his awl aslde; And off he went, & worthless heir, To week for-tane awide, Bul, as he Lad no noles to show, ‘The bar he could not tal A fat, he fell ‘mony sha Hisstait of Mte did broak, ‘With base, false-act-o' men, ho ran Tho tenor of his way, On lowest ucalo to bear a tone, ‘While ks **soap™ rsu astray, ‘Thus, asa beat, he moved in time, ot slow, but rather fast, Till, with the flu‘h of high scs, lle Ho ended at tho last. M. T. J%, (ExrryJan). NEW PUBLICATIONN. "READY THIS DAY. LAKESIDE LIBRARY EDITION OF HAROLD, By ALFRED TENNYEON, ‘This famous Now Poem s published unabridged and unaltered In No, 73 of **Tho Lakeside Libra« £y Editlons of Standard Authors. PRICH, ONLY 10 CENTS. FOR BALE BY ALL NEWSDEALERS, Coples aeot, postpald, for 12 cents, by DONNELLEY, IOYD & CQ, Publishers, - Cor, Clark and Adsms-sts., Chicage, The larger in getting tha Tha ed improvemcnt on the fiallding rates, 80 far aa the preferences of mavntifacturers were concerned, was not, ap- ently, the best that could have heen choscn [or prov: udni revenuc, the production of clgars dropping In 1806 to 347, 443, B, ad valoram rates fn 1367 Increased production az compared with that of 1860, but it was not until the 35 tax, payable hy the application of prepald stamps, was adopted In 1 progress was made. course of the trade was uj cach succeceding year nhowfx‘m an advance u until the flacal year laat closci, when, an objectionable change in the tax-rate adecrease n production the vast manufacture referred to New York lcads tho van, having farnished 540,470, Pennsyivania made 201,- 739,308: Ohlo, 178,227,038; ‘Californla, 95,140,- 493; 1ltinots, '8,069,180, and dear old chusetts, 80,112,241 A return to 3 that' real From that moment the ward and onward, Massa- ‘Tlic total taxabls nwuber, which includes cheroots and clgarettes, was 15, 72 [ and o) since e clgars the United States arverazing, gerhnps. 50,000,000 per annum, ncdnnlug with 00, 234 in 1803—or estimating fur twelve months by the rate of return for the tan months ,~the production has gono on {ncreasing until it now sonually reaches nearly two billions of cizars, i ¢