Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 13, 1877, Page 6

; SHEEP. Sheep-Raising in the Rocky- . Mountain Country. A Profitable Business in Colorado, Wyoming, and New Mexico, Number of Sheep There, 2,175,000, Valned at $3,850,000. TInformation as to Profits, Advantages and Drawbacks, Markets for Wool and Mutton, &o., &o. Bpectal Correspondence of The Tridune, Dexves, Col., Jan. 9.—The country along the enstern base of the Rocky Mountains, compris- ing the plains, foot-bills, and parks, fs well adapted to sheepralsing, For years this has Ueen the chlef fndustry in New Mexico, and is now alzo one of the most profitable pursuits in Colorado snd Wyoming. It requires less eapi- tal than cattle, and generally proves safer, and fgives better returns for the moncy and care, than sny other occupation that can be followed fn this new country. It takes a large capl- tal to handie cattle; and tho losses from storms, stampeding, and Indian ralds, over- stocked markets at shippiog-time, and from other causcs, are often conslderable,—sometimes £ large as to break up some of the most extensive stock-men, Al the favorable conditlons for cattle-ralsing which the plains and parks offer apply equally well to sheep, with this advantage in favor of tho latter: that they can be fed and sheltered at much less cost and trouble, if the .stress of winter requires; aud, at other scasons of the year, wlien feed is short on $herange, and water low, they can beherded wellup among the foot-hills, In the canons among; the rocks, whero they have access to tha springs and to graes which cattle cannot reach. If the market for mutton Is unprofitable, they can be held back season after scason,—their ficece paying for the Xkeeping, and some profit besldes. Blicep liko a dry climate. Their fcece will pratect them fn the coldest weather, where storma of snow, sicet, and rain do not come to ‘penetrato them. Buch storms are rare hereat any scason. The dry, -aunny atmosphere nlso wards oft dlscase; and ths pecullar ailments that afilict, and sometimes largely deplete, the flocks In other parta of the country, are almost unknown here, The grass fs nutritious and fattening,—na good In winter s summer, hav- fng been well cured. The gravelly platos and rocky foot-hills insure sound Lioofs, The moun- ‘tain-streams afford clear, cool water. The snow in winter-time never falls so decp but that they can paw t away and get thelr nibs to the gaass, A zentleman who has had seyeral years’ ex- perience in sheep-raising in Northern Colo- rado sums up the wholo sltuation by saying tbat *“The profits, year In and year_out, on a herd of 1,000 sleen, are equal to 40 per cent per year abuve all expenses. 'l"Le risks arc mercly nominal,—tho only serfous Joss generally arising from l'::nnnmc« or care- il Jessness. It haa been satiafactorily demonetrat- : ed that sheep-raising, In all that streteh of coun- try along the castern slope of the Rocky Moun- talns, from the Laramic Plaine to the Rlo ¥ Grande, is wonderfully profitable.’” Bome detlnite facts to substantiate this claim are called for. Your correspondent has taken Daina to gather such statistics as he. could re- gording the cxtent of the sheup-Industry, its profits, advantages, and drawbacke, the markets for wool and mutton, prices, and such other in- + formation ns may bo of Interest to those asklng about the chances for sheep-ralsing in this sce- i tion, The best luformation at hand gives the g ynumber and valne of sheep in the Rocky Moun- . taln country as follows: Tulue. Wyoming . 450,000 Colorado . 1,000,000 e New Mexico.ues .. 1,500, o Total vvvsveenrrnneness? 175,000 83,850,000 ! ‘The number as given above is about douhle y that shown In the assessment-returns,—it belnys 1air to presumno that, owing to the ditliculty ol « counting large heras, the inaceersibility of large numbers of the smaller herds to the Assessor in . Tils rounds, and the natural desire to dodgze tax- ution as fuf as possible, fully one-half the sheep s are ** counted out.™ ¢ "The number of sheep in W fomlng and Colora- 4 . do hus greatly incrensed durlng the past three ke or four vears, Prior to 1470 but little had bren done, ‘The flocks were tew and scattered,—the oy most of them having been driven up from New Mexkeo to market at Denver and the ining towns, and held back from time to time for bet- ter pri ‘The grazing was found to be good, and the sheep did s well as, if not better than, in the country south of the Arkanaas from whicl they came, Boon after rallroads were complet- cd to Denver, eome Vermont sheep-men, who ‘lind been out this way to Jook around,concelved tne idea that it was an admirable country for thelr business, They began experimenting. ‘Beveral car-loads of the best-blooded Merlno ‘bucks from Vermont and other Btates were brought in, And, every year sfuce, more or less of the stock bas ‘been fmported, They have been crossed with the native Mexican ewes, and the results have been animproved quality (of mutton, and larger and finer fleeces, The native Mexican shicop will shear from two and a “half to three pounds of wool; the graded sheen sheer from four to six pounda. ‘They ore larger and more marketable than the Mexican. The -former are worth from $2.50 to $3 per head, by the herd, in Colorado; while the latter, in New Mexlco, can be boughl st from 60 cents tv 75 ‘cents each. ‘Those who aro {n tho shecp-busincss on the Laramie Plains and north of the divide in Col- orado, as well as in the Ban Luis Valley and other portions of Bouthern Colurado, sre, to a large extent, practical men, who have cune out from tho Enstern States with former expesience {n this linc, and can sce far enough ahead to know that, by lutroducing the best blooded stock, and’ constantly fmproving ther flocks, the greatest profits in the end will come. There ure also scveral Vermonters, Michigan men, and others, who have small ranches at favorahlo points, and make it a wpeclalty to dmport und breed !uuc{ stock, [ might mentlou Capt. Tyler, who has a thousand-acre tuclosure near BLx-Mils Canon, in Boulder Cuunlh ere he not long azo blaced a flock of wooled Spanlsh Merino sheep froin M ‘There are twenty bucks,—the best one twenty-seven pounds per year, and eu! them from tifteen to twenty nounds, The cwes uro il from one to three years old, and shear from threo to live pounds,—a few of them six or scven pounds. Batchelder, Bristol & Co., and John Bheldon, Vennonters, haye ranches on the Cache la Poudre, near Fort Collins, where they have considerubla binported stock, anl 7als0 and deal fo Spunish Merlno, Atwood, and other fancy breeds. The Proctor Urothers, fn Huerfuuo Valiey, south of the Arkausas, huvea Hlock of Cotswolds and Bouthdowns which they purchaged maioly lo Canada, ‘This rm had 2,000 ur $,000 Mexican ewes, and began breeding ,up,~—the uative ¢wea proving healtby, prolliic, und fn every respect good breeders. From these the third cross of thoroughbred blumd vroduced anlmals which yield wool equal fn atl marketable qualities to that of the clip of thor- oughbreds. The ficece is noarly twice us heavy a5 the Mexjcan, and briugs fu market nearly twice as much per pound. N, M. Fitch hasa sheep-ranche at the mouth of Wildeat Cy Weld County, where be hus a flock of Lelc The fleeces averags cight pounds, and the stock seven pounds, Itls fine comblug woul, runging from cight to twelve Inches in lengthy and the clip this' year brought 8 to 10 centa per pounst more than the market-price for Mexican., “Tue, wost of the eheep In Wyuming are on Abe Laraie plains, alone the Unlow Paclic Raitvuad, between Cheyeone and Laramlc City, Tho total putnver is_wbout 200,600, Some of the lurgest focks are those of M. E. Post, Timn * Dyer, and Bturgis & Lane, 1 the vicimty of Cleyenne,—cach numbering about 5000 head. North of the divide in Colorado, the most of the sheep are found along the Big ‘Thompson and Cacbie Jo Poudre, fn Larimer County, sud on the tributaries ot tne Platte, in Weld, l_i\m» here are about W,000 head 10 Larlmer County, aud obout a8 inany morc the . divide, fine- g;! o i 3 3 ,( 3 ii palice, Douglas, und Elbert Countles. iy » elsewhere north of Among tho priocpal lerds jo Northern Culo are thoss ot Haoboru & Plerce, Horse Creek, 3,000 Fred Btanger, Platte, 20003 W, 1L Walkér, Kiowa, 40003 Willard Brotuers, Runulng Creek, 5,008 Wakeman & Hodge, Klows, 4,000; Charles : Owens, B{cn, 6,000; J. O. Dostal, Aroya, 4,000 ¥ Willlam Uole, Platte, 4,000; J. Barver, Evans, 2,000; Johin 8heldon, Fort Cullins, 27005 W, N, chellor, fl.{&); Jumes **7 Baudiellor, Fort * Collius, 3 Courgy and A. W, Bristol, Fort Collius, cach about 2500, There are clzht herds ou the Box Elder, showing a total of 15,000 head. * Bouthof the divide, in Boutbern Colorado, + and fo Now Mexico, the sbeep-interests are fur A more exteusive. In tho Coutivs of Beut, Huer- ;-4 funo, Pucblo, Las Aulnas, Concjos, Costills, > and 'Fremout. there arc numbcrless herds run- from 1,600 to £,000 euch, and wmany from an 2, to 5,000, The Wet-Mouutaln sud Eau- < Luls Valleys; the Askausos, snd its lager and !" { THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, JANUARY 13, 1377—TWELVE. P)\GES\ smaller {tributaries, like the Purgatoire, £t. Charles, Fountain, Apache, Huerfunos and the Rin Grande and tributarles, show the most nu- merous and largest flocks. Awmong these are those of Stephen Holden, 100005 J. V., Maton, 10,0005 G, \?. Chiicatt, 10,0005 Ivory Phillips £,000; ‘and 1, L. Stolte, 8,000, ' Bijou Basin Thomas 0. Bogge, West Las Animas, 1,000; R B. Willls, Spanish Peaka, 6,000; D, W, Child, B, W. Whitman, and Henjamin it flowell, Greenhorn, each about 3,500; Brown, Dodd & Co., Fountain, 5,003 Proctor Drathers, Lower Huerfano, 4,000: Merriam, Thortow & Melntyre, Bent (.jonnl?', 5,000, In New Mexico, the sheep are the poorest, Lut most numerous. They are the native Mexi- can. The beetter breeds have not been {ntrodue- ol If there Is anything that gladdens the eye of the people in that Territory,—*“greasers,’ na thev are generally calted,~it s a bie fock of sheeps and the four or five mutton-millionaires of the Rio Grande have more thau a Jocal fame, Jf, M. Perea, at BernadHlo, hasa flock numb ingall the way from 80,000 to 100,000 Baca Brothers, Las Vegas, bave, it i3 sald, over 100, 000, The ouly way these men have of comput- ing the humber on hand s h?‘ counting the Linck sheep,—it being found that they alwoys fiml{(e in the ratio of nbout one Lo every 100 in' o ock. The number of sheep marketed each yenr from Colorada, New Mexleo, and Wyoming will reach nbout 250,000 head. Denver and Cheyeune nre the priveipal lome-markets, The pricefor lambs this season is from £1.50 to $1.35 and mutton- sheep $1.65 to §2. The mlllmr{ posts and wnin- {ng camps create & good market. largely in- creased the past year by the newle'vsmpu ated reglons of San Juan and the Black ([ills, There are some conglilernblo shipments oulsids erally into tho Missourt Valley. For several years the nllcnr~rfllscm have had what miht ve ealled o big thiug, tn wool. The prives obtalned have made it far more profitable 10 keep the surplus sheep than to market them, Even at the present low price for wool, the sheep-tien make no pgreat complaint, The wool-¢lip vt this year has Leen s follows: Wyoming, 500,000 pounds; Colorado, 2,500,000 ounds: New Mexico, 3,000,000 pounds; total, ,000,000 pounds. The only fmportant homes market {8 Denver. The most of the wool Is bought up by represcutatives of Enstern wool- honses, and manufacturera, ‘The chicf salesare to the Chlcago, Philadelphla, and Boston mar- keta, During the past year, agents for some of the New Englaud manulucturers have made cons sfderavle purchases. Prices have been lower than ever before. The averaze pald for com- mon Mexican wool ranged frow 14 to 15 cents; fine wool, Mcrino nnd Cotswold, 16 to 18 cen Durlog the scason of 1875, Mekican wool was worth from 18 to 23 cents, and half-breed 25 to 30 cents. The quality of wool belng marketed from Colorado’ and” Wyoming {8 improvine, whilo that from New Mexico remains about the same The sheep-raisers, to avold conflict with cattle-men, have occupied certaln sectlons of country. This may be scen more plainly by looking at the statistica, which show that nearly all tho wool-clip of Colorado this year is from scven countles, as follows: Huerfano County Is catimated at 260,000 pounds: Coteos, 350, 0003 Costilla, 235,0005 Bent, 350,005 El Paso, 000 Larimer, 300,000: Pueblo, 150,000, This makes a total of ' 1,535,000 pounds, worth, at 25 cents perr und,—the average price for the sca- son,—$471, The Laramie Plains, about and weat of Cliey- enne, i tho wool-sectfon of Wyoming; and the Rio Grande cauntry, of New Mexico. As will Le reen, the woal-trude Is s large item. Some ofithis yenr's clip haa been held” back owing to the low prices prevnillnxi. Yet there has been cousiderable movement in this staple, ns shiown by the followingr table of shipments, Over the Uenver & Rlo Grande Raflroad, the past six manthe, the amount of wool and hides carried has been o3 follows: ) gelle 181,076 | Uctober .. 500,451 | November. ‘The smount for December had not been made np at the general offices of the Company, but will prubably reach 600,000 pounds, Thisinakes n total of 8,583,013 pounds durlne seven months. For the entire year 1t exeeerded 5,000,000 pounds. ‘This included 8 large portlon of the Colurado and New Mexico products. The maln ehippng- tuluts were Kl Moro, Lo Veta, Pueblo, and Jolorudo Springs. Kl Moro {s near the borders of New Mexleo, and the southern termbius of the Denver & Rio Grande Rajlway. La Veta ls the present tertnfuus of the eouthwest branch reaching towards Fort Garland, The most of the shipments from the Hrst-named place camo IS burros and \:uuk-lrnlnu from New Mexleo, aa lso did A portlon of that put on the cars ot Ln Veta, though lurge quantitics came from the Ban Luis Valley, and from Costlila and Conejos Counties. The shipments from June 1 to Jan, 1, from El Moro, were 1,750,000 pounds; and for the same (hme, from la Veta, 850,- 000 pounds. The ubove figures do not rep- Lbs. | 218, 831 | September ... resent all the wool und hides forwarded from Southern Colurado and New Mexfeo, La Junta and West Lus Anlmas, on tho Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Rallroad, and also on the Arkan- +os Valley brancli of the Kanens Pacltic, arc fm- partant shipping-poluts, Wool-trmns from New Mexico and the border counties of Colorade nr- rive ut these places quite numerouely after the spring-cliv, generally in June and July, sud to some cxtent through tho rest of the year. A singlo week's shipiment (rom West Lus” Anfinas, in June Inst, was llity car-loads, ‘There are two lurge wool-shipping hov —~Vose & Kimball and Bartels Brothers. They haudle a large part of the wool sentup by the Bacn Bros, and Pered hfi burros, from New Mexico. Wool- trains bringlng 50,000 to 75,000 pounds fre- quently arrive, Awong Eustern shippers Lewls & Tuttle, of Chicawo, have forwarded 1rom Colorudo éurlngu stutivn 200,000 pounds of wool the past stuson. A muau who comes to the Rocky-Mountaln country to go Into nhccp-r;\lshltz will want to kuow sume deflnite fucts regurding the advants n%nud drawbacks of the business. A licrd of 1,000 shieep, which [s looked upon us starting on a moderate, {f uot small, scale, will require un investment of £5,000, expended s follows: The sheep witl cost $2,0003 twenty Merino ruing, #5005 vorraly, ete., §503 the W rzht with 160 acres of ground, #5 per oere, $500, This leaves $1,200 for expenses of carryihg the herd one year, until some income ean be obe taned from the wool<lip und — marketa- ble mutton, It msy be explalned that the wuter-right with® 160 ucres generally carries with it un undisturbed range of several thousand seres, It is estimated that 1,000 bead of sheep will require about 2,000 scres. Two herders will be needed, and ean be obtained for $15 to 843 per _month aud board,—the lutter costing $10 to $12 per month per mian. ‘Iie beat the to o into the businesa Is n the fall, from September to December. Rums ure peneraly put with the ewes frum the 10thto the 20th of December, and remain _ubout & month. Lambs commence 10 be dropped trom the mid- dlc of May to the 1st of June. Four or five ex- tra handsare required during the lamblng sea- son, a8 also durlng the abiearing season, which beglus from the Ist to the middie of June, and runs to the st of July in Colorudo and Wyoming, unil six weeks carller in New Mexico, Shearers ure paid by the plece, five to seven cents per head, Bometunes several large herders, who have ad- {;.wum, ratches, shure i1 and hire thefr shearers y the wouth, ‘Sheep for breeding purposes cau be bought fn large or emall lota st Denver, Fort Colling, Pucblo, Cheyenne, and other poluts, Spanish Merlno rams scll all the wav from ¥ to 003 Cotswold, 503 Lelcester and Xoutl down, about the'same. ' M by the herd, sell at from ¥1.75 to § Mdxico, about half these fpures, Grade shoep are hell much hi , and there are gencrally few In market, The uverage loss per year smone youme sticep §s about 2 per cent. 1t has been Tound that, fn tlocks of from 1,00 to 2,000, the ta ist of berding, feeding, ete, will run from 50 Lo 65 centa per shicep per year. ‘T Insure thelr voming out well, sheep require some feeding tirough the wintery und they should have sheds to protect them from winds and re il winters lke that of ndsunny, With no severo nlurlll!.—nlln‘[i would get” along well without feeding or shelter. But, during the pust tive years in which sheep-raising has been carried oo extensively, there have at tmes teen heavy lurees frum severe storms followet by colid weather. ‘Thls was_the case during the winer of 187475, Nor fa the eold weather of winter the worst trouble to be gpuarded arainst, and hatl-storms vecurnng a3 late as May proved dirastrous, Thiy wus the case laxt spriug, When ut Jowses, sumetinies wmounting to riv the entire tock, oceurred. . On the uverage, howeser, with thy care, and hall the protecton amd feed, that would be given to the ratne thocks in the latitude of Mickizan, they will get thronsh well and in good couuition, ~ Kererring to tho severe winter of 1574135, ole prominent sk f Northern Colorado, who bas u flock of X heep, partly Mexican, stutes that he ted out thut winter »ix tons ol hay, costing 10 Imr ton. ‘The Mexicans cat but t belng the first winter tor the nut belne thoroughly weclimated, require feed uud attention.” But there w Trmble & Todd, In the Cachie la Vondre Valley, above Grecley, wintered 1,500 Mextean ewes, Withscarcely any feedand they adl cane out tinely. Others got flocks of 800 or U0 through withuut hiay or ~graiuy and this lu the wost vx- Bo&ul and coldest section, well up ou the fout- {lls, 1speak of this o show that, even fo the burdest winters, sbeep may get along without either food or shelter; but the safe sud humane way is to provide both these, L belleve the facts sbove glven will afford some fduaof the extent and profits of sheep- Lusbandry lu the Rucky-Mountaln couutry, - - o FOLDER-CORN. How to Grow, Harvest, and Cure It. The Enormous Yie€ld It Pro- duces. Steaming Feed for Sheep, Caltle, and Mopses.es How to Do It wilh Greal Succews, To the Editor of The Tribuns. Massiroy, Stark Co,y 0., Jan, 7, 1877, —Two years ago I trled some experlments in fecding sheep on stcamed feed. Before beginning, search was made {n such agricultural books and papers s were at hand £ information on the subject. Dllenty of Instances were found of cattle, horses, and swine belug fed and, fattencd on steamed or cooked fuod. The Annual Keyia- ter of Rural Afaire for 1874 contalns an excel- lent article on the subject—mninly relating ta cattle-feeding for dalry ptirposes. But I sought in valn for the experfeuce of any one in feed- fng sheep, A letter of mr}ul?' to the Secretary of our State Board of Agriculture was fruitlcss of_resuits. To commence with, 1 sclected 300 ewes, and dislded them into two lots of equal numbers, and as nearly equal in slze, weight, ajze, aud enn- ditlon as I could ’T’“ them. One Jot of 150 was placed In one shed, amd received liberal rations ©f clover hav and sheaf oats, The other lot ol 150 was placed Inn nelghboring shed, and fed twlce o day with suwed-corn fodder, cutto three- quurters of an fuch in length, mixed with two bushels of bran, and wet down with bolling water—nt the rate of one bushel of the mixed feed to ten sheep, Before beginuing each ot waa welghed on a set of stock seales convenlent- ly near, and thereafter was welghed twice a week. Ench lot reccived the same care in water- ing, bedding, exercise, protection azainst storms, ete. ‘The exveriments wers continued u\‘eranpurlml of efght weeks, The detalls, with the different welghings, would probebly oceupy too much space in your journal to be stated at length In this communication. They were - teresting to me, and so sutisluctory as tosecin to warrant the purchass of an engine and boiler, and the putting up of tanks und con. venjences on n senle mdequato to the wants of the flock. Sinccthen I have fed this feed al- most exclusively, Loat wiuter, owing to the fallure of the hay crop, I kept over my entire stock, consisting of twenty lorses, about twenty Lead of cattle, and betweon 1,600 and 1,700 sheep, without a pound of hay, and they came into sprivg In betier condition than they have cver done on dry feed. The sheet anchor of steam fecding s the fodder of sowed corn, or, in short, FPODDER-CORN, Perhaps your renders will be faterested In the plana followed hero In sowing, harvesting, and curing this crop, as they differ In son respects Irom those pursued aud recomwmended by uther practical farmers. The ground i3 prepared the last week In May by plowlng, and & sullicient number of harrow- ings and rollings to bring it into good tilth. Thu corn ia suwed the first syeek I Tune with a Buckeye wheat drill—all the hoes down and working—nt the rate of two bushicls per acre. Notnfug more can be done to the crop til the latter part of Aungust or first ol Seotember, when It Is ready for harvesting, ‘This 1s done with a Champlon table-rake reaper, rigged ad for cutting wheat, The reaper s driven nround the ficld as in cutting wheat, and delivers the fodder fn gavels at the skle, Eight men follow tne inachine, ranged {n four pairs, each pair bay- ing, of course, onc-fourth of the clrcult of the field for a *station,” and a llght two- leggzed corn ** horse,'” like thouse In commion use for shocking corn. Euch pair, after t: station, carrles [ts % horse ! past two ga down the **horse," stands o :n'ch four angles formed the *horse” gnd jts cross-pin, brings the tops of the shock neatly to- gether, and tics them with wool twine, draws wut the cross-pin,ani ks ready for another shoek, For the eight followers, the team, driver, and machine, vizht acres (s a falr day’s work, The stulks themsclves mnay be used for tying the topa, but twine Is found to be sufticiently more expeditious to compensate fur the cost. ™ After standing ten to (Mteen days, till the fodder Is nearly cured, and s In a tough state, the shocks are taken down, and each tied luto four or five sheaves or buudies, the stalks thewselves, in this condition, making excellent bends, und twelve oranore bundles made Into alarge shock, the m!m belng secured elther with fodder bands, or with the ‘twinc used fn the first instunce, The shocks stand in the fleld till they vre wanted for use, Just here comes Inthe most serfous objectlon to the feeding of foddercurn. Thero sre timea in the winter when Loth weather and rosds are bud; when a deeply-plowed corn-ield 13 auything but an agreeable road-bed for the Nauling of heavy loads; when tho fodder [tsell is wet, or covered with sleet, fee, or snow, or Its lower end perhaps tightly glued to the ground l?' frost, But the odder 15 wo churged with rich saccharine matter that however dry it muy scem, ond however cold the weather” may be, there I3 danger that if stored fn bulk in a wow, or cven In stucks, [t will ferment heat and spoll. At such thmes i Is well to havy other feed under cover to depend upon, Anexperiencs covering three yeurs, growth of over 700 tons of fud warrant the following conclusion 1. The fulder grows from five to twelve feet in helght, and averages frum seven to nine feet, du‘wmlln on solls and seasons, 2. Fodder grown on land of good average fer- tility stauds better, and makes better feed than un soil tvo rich, where the growth s too tall, rank; and course, 3. The proper time for cutting {s before froat, of course, and when the lower six or cizht inches of the stalk sssumes o yelluwlsh tiuge. It fa then ripe. If cut sooner, thero I8 danger of its molding in the shock; H later, the tlbre is mare woody, und ther : s risk of frost. 4. It is “vastly less dependent ulyml the weather for ity curing than bay, The idea that tine weather s absolutely necessary for s curing, and the fear that "a little raln would spoll ull, wus expressed by others, and felt by myself at tirst, but turncd out to bo o “bug- abuo.” During the cutting and curing of the two largest crops, very ruluy weather wus en- countered; yet not one-ffth of 1 per cent of the fodder thut stond in the shock, sud was kept from lyine ou the ground, molded. After it s well sceured fn the wmall shocks, neither raln nor frost secms to damagee 1t a8 indecd they do not usually do the large fodder that hus ntared corn, 5, Atonof bright fodder-corn Is worth more than three tons of corn Judder that hus n- tured zraln, and a8 much a8 s equal welght ot good hay, 8. An wverage crop of fodder<orn on good land I8 siz fons per acre. 7. 1t may by grown ut a coust,~not fuclnding futerest on price of laud, uor expense of carry- Ing from the Geld to the baru,—Including ex- peuse of preparing the ground, sced, suwing, cutting, bludlug, und shocking, of about §1.30 Jar ton, © intu the COST OF WTEAMING. ‘The stork now being fed requir, tons of dry feed perday. The cutting Is done by s No, 6 Cammius enttir, aml 1t 15 20 arranged that the cut feed us ft fulls from the cutting- muchine fs carried to and placed In the tanks, wet up with the necessary quantity of water, aud mixed with brun or meal by nachinery,—so thut When the cutting 13 done the teed bs ready for the steam. ‘Three men inoan hour aud o half an cut the three tons. With the present boer capacity §t tukes one man four hours wore to eteam b The cost of tuel for cutting, wixing, stesming, pumplng water, etey, s ahout Lve centd per ton of |lr\- eed. The cut feed 15 much wore easily and Tupldly distributed to the suimals than toug fuedd, “It §s ahiove tram the tanks down futo wagons with seieboards, that atand below the bottomas of the tanks, and carried to the sheep- fulds. ‘The racks are made to accommodate twenty sheep, sid this number is found to peed wbuut'two bitelicls ol cut fecd. The teeder has two two-bushel baskets. While e is varrying vl to the racks the boy fills the otber. In'this sway & man wnd u boy cut feed and cure for 150 shéep, The fudder §s vaten up clean, a few Joluts and soiled |r’lc(cn only belng teft, but not 1 per cent s wa All the advantages clabmed for feedivg steumedd foud 10 cattle and horaes—the econouy of feed, the fncreased health, thrlft, and coni- tort of the anitnala—are tound in an cqual de- gree In the feeding of sheep, The eileet is snown fis the wool, which ks of 2 lengeh, clearness, atyie, und particularly strength of staple rar 1ound on sheep wintered on dry feed. There s o juryur tender plive in the wool, indivating the polit Ju the growth of the livre where the shcep changed from green to diy leed. Al the wool- huyers observed this; sud the woul, it I3 b Heved, commutded a hizher price than uny otber <lip hoult from Urat bands In this orany of the ullydnll countles. t is yot clalimed that the stewning of feed adds t [ts putritive clements, But us the pul- virizatlon wud atirelng of the sull prouiute the growth of “l:auu I’f' wakiug the plant food iuore aceeasible to the plants, so the steawing ol teed mukes U wtobce twure palatuble au wore readily digested wed “wsslmitated by the uniwals, uud perfurus the sawe ottics for theie fuod that cookiug dues for ours. Tho ensliuye of maize, by which is meant the buryiug ~ <reeucoru fudder in pits uud rea o8 with a view to presersing it In the same con- ditfon for winter use, is aitracting a gond deal of attention, and {8 practiced to some extent in France. Tt 13 al=o talked of in the pll‘)urs liere, and has been tried experimentally, | suppose the folder trom an acre of good dand, with all 1ts #ap and erecnnese fa it, would weigh thirty tons, three-fourths of which would be water, The handling and hauling of this great welght to the pits, the packing, tramping, and cover- ing of it, and the rubsequent earrying of it to the eattle, even 1f successfully done, must be a henvy labor, Why not cure’it firsl and then steam it1 The weliing and ateaming pruta the sume- mier back into it again, ARviNE C. WALES, e i— JOHN DAVIS & CO.'S ESFATE. To the Edltor of The Tribune. Cnicano, Jan. 12.—As thenotice In your lssus of the 12th [ conveys a wrong linpression in regard to the sultof Crane Bros. Manufacturing Company va. George 8. Uowen et al,, I deslre a little epace to state some facts In regard to tho case. As you state, Davis & Co. faifled in November, 1872, and the defendants in this cuse were ap- pointed at a meeting of the creditors, under an agreement whereby the buaincss waa to be con- tinued, nut closed, and, after tinishing certaln contracts, to make a cash dividend of such amount as could he made from the * cash or ather avallable assets? ab such o time as the Committed@might think proper, Thus the busl- ness was continued quite ns much under the su-~ l;::r\'{s[un of R. T, Crane as the Committee, e cIng¢ often cousulted bp Mr. Bowen as to the Lest cotirse to pursue, and about April 1, 1873, it was discovered that no cash dividend conld ba made, and it was determined to return the busincas to John Davis & Co., they to give thelr notes for 65 per cent of thelr original debts, as provided for in the agrecment Lefore referred to, These notes were accepted by nearly all of the creditors except the 'Crano” Hros. Munufacturing Cowmpany, and John Davis & Co. began paying the notes or prurcr!y as they could arrauge with individual credltors, and when the time arrived when the first and sccond notes would have fallen due to Crane Brothiers Corapany, the amounts of sald notes were tendered to them In greenbacks, but they refused to aceept them, having In the meantime commenced or caused to be commenced thisand another sult. y This brings us to August or September, 1873, and the panic came which sent many men and flrms to the wall, yet Duvis & Co. continued to }m( the 63 per cent as lnnhmllf' and much more ully than the Committee could have dune had they trled to turn the assets into cash, having Pald out of $200,000 all but £40,000 (S0 per cent of the notes, Instend of 6 per cent, as stated). The Crone Company having refuscd the cash when tendered, dld not get any pay of course, The presaure of hard tings continued, and final- 1y Davis & Co. were pushed Into Imnkruptcf‘ and the then remaining asscts of the estate pall onty 6 per cent on the then remaining debts. ‘Ihe case was referred to a Master In Chancery, and lie, after a loug examsuation, reporter. that the Crane Company were not_entitied 1o the re- Hef demanded in their bill of complaint. The euge will now go to the Supreme Court. It. M. Epbr, —————— THE COUNTY AGENCY. To the Editor of The Tridune. SrriNorieLD, I, Jun, 12—In your issue of the Oth, Ju an article cutltied, * How We Aro Governed, by Whom, sud for What Purpose,’ you day that Representatives Sheridan, Hickey, Kearney, and Sexton notliled the County Board that, it the County Ageuey were given to the Seandnavian element, the Irish element In the Legislature would uttempt to legislate the County Board out ot existence, Jeaving your readers to Infer that if the Irish elunent re- ceived the County Agency the members of sald clement {n the General Assembly would be un- der ubligations to the County Hoand In voting upon any menasure which may be fntroduced affecting In any way gald County Board. Now, we wish to state that wo signed o petitlon to the County Board, at the request of Reoresent- ative J. J, Kearneyy requestiig the appolntment. of 0'Connell ns County Agent, but we mufe no threat of any description, or promise of nna description, ‘efther expressed or_implied, o 1f any one Iins represented to the County Bonrd or ta auy ene ¢lsg, that wo mado any threat or promise’ fu thy matter, they have lone so on thelr own responsibllity, aml without any au- thority from us whatever. Wo will vote an the matter of the County Hoard, or any other mat. ter that may come up, for the best luterests of our constitucnts, Hzsny ¥, BUERIDAN, l'lburv:t-nuillvd Third District, . THCREY, Representativo Third District, AusTiN O, Hi EXTON, Tepresentative Sixth District. SAGINAW LUMBER, Apetinl Correspondence of The Tribune, East 8aaiNaw, Mich, Jan. 10.—The Tittn- bawassee Boomn Company, tho larzest concern of the kind on the Lake-Huron shore, held thelr annuul meeting of stockhotders yesterday, at which it was shown that, (n the past year, there have been delivered from the hooms of the Company 1,975,233 sawlows, sealing 313,430,245 fect algn 5,150 feet, lneal measure, of fat tim- ber, and 50 pites, The contenct for the runnlvg and dellvery of the lozs was agaln let to W, A, Avery & Co., the satie parties who had the con- tract last year. ‘The men employed in running and deliveriug the lozs number about 200, there belng about thirty suw-mills to deliver lous to from each raft. “They use fifty-seven batteanx, ~=tho outiit for each batteau costing 1507 and three powerful steamn tugs are employed to tow the ralts, The following statement shows the amount of logs rafted vut of the Tittabawasse and. trib- utari¢s during the years named : Feel, 200. 0K, 740 A14, 305 ), DOR, 517 343, 430, 250 ASHTABULA BRIDGE, Ta the Editor of The Tribune, KyoxviLLg, Ia., Jon, 10— An Oll Bridge Butlder,” in a communication published In your Monday's fssue, suggests that the breaking down of the rafiroud bridge at Ashitabula may havo been caused by the traln running off the track and striking the maln braces und bolts; und he adds that he has known of acctdents ve- currlng to good brldges rubstantiully in that way, Now, 1 do not question that Lo may have kuown of *uceldentsoecurring ' togood bridges In that manner, but T would ko to ask lom i ho ever knew of a pood bridge belng completely broken down In thut woy{ 1fso, [ st take lasug with him as to what constitutes a ool bridge,”” A good bridge jnayebu more o Jess dumnged by u traln getting off ‘the truck and running against some part of it, but I clam that no really good bridize can bo totally demol- fohied i that way, I [t were otherwisé, un en- tire revolution 13 needed at once in our manuer of buflding bridizes, for as long ay bridees buiit on the lnrescut systems are In ure the Ashtabuls Norror s Mablo ut uny thue to be repeated. e TO ONE WHO WILL UNDERSTAND, When Autumn’s early winds began thelr melan- choly moan, Aud birds of summer left the North to find o WArICT 20D, Ouu Nitle rungster from the pines came fluttering oy door, And cm,{.m wndl twittered something of a meesage that j¢ bure. Al well T knew from whence it camne, and who the mesrase sent, For love ie quick tu cutch tho tones that for Its ears are meant, But only ot wliose heart haa lesrned the language of the birds Could ever bavo tranaluted It queer otes 1o hu- man words. 1nade the tiny messenger a captive for a while, i “II)] \lu.; precious secret from (s potes 1 could e gl s Then upened wide my window, and released Its fluticrng winge, ‘Thaukiug Heaven for the bird that to my soul such rapture brings, 1 know Indeed that **words are poor,™ aad ofien- tinies conceal heart's desires than they're fntended W reve: But, could | woride co You'd know pictures ou of the Joy your fow ahort (1\wm Nke frult of gold In silver . Six little words, that seemed perhaps to you of it the worth, Have bad the power to glve wy life & new reviviog irih, To ll!: the curtalned windows of my soul, snd let e 1l 2hy Of Heaven Uispel the shadowa that wers deopening w10 night, A‘m.l nx;'.v 1kuow, whate'er may be the Iufinite do- wizn That placcs barriers 80 great between your life sad wine, Nou frowus of fortune or of fate, no foods of waters deep, Can take from us the only wealth a buman soul way keep, Fur (iod bas given to eveey one an antidote withln ¥or all l’hu s thst way betidu, of sorrow of of sin; Apd though, beneath unsllvered clouds, fn dark- Lees WO m-‘y imw‘ ‘This birtbright of the soul i vurs: ** Wo stili may Tove and bupe, ** Cuicano, dau. 1V, 1877, l}l‘- TIE ELECTORAL COUNT. The Powers of Congress in llognrri to the Presidential Election. A Pamphlet on the Subjeet by the Hon. James P. Root. [A pamphlet has just appeared giving the views of Mr. James V. toot on the Powers of Congress in Regard to the Presidential Election, It contains matter well worth careful perusal:} A commlttee of the llouse of Hepreeentatives 1n now in Lonslana, nernming that It han_suthority fo tnnuire Into the manner i which the Eleclors In that Siate were appolnted; and (s now attempting to take tostimony which ahall be the b proposed action on the part of the Hoa such election, No aucl commitiee has any authority or Jurladic. tion in the premises. Under aud by virtue of the general parllamentary 1aw of the Unfted States, a committee, when pro erly authorized by & leglalative Lody, may tako te tiniony on any eubject ahont whicli the body may Tezinlate, and so Ithas heen held by the Supreme Court 1n llinols, Wisconsin, Pennaylvania, and Mnseachusetts, that mutters which arc of peivilege at common law are not ao regarded when nveati- gated by a lel.-inlnlva budys and so an atlorney ::,nnlnlnl fi"htm d tnformatlon communicated to him i client. 7iiut 1t must be in & case whorein the body has Jurindiction of the mubject matter. A commitieo of the Ilinols Leglelature coild not compel wit- neenes Lo testlly in rezard to pine lands in \Wiecon- ain, or the denth of water in Lake Huron, Tho mode of conducting rach examinations may Do regniated by statute, and Congress has accurd- ingly parned 8 iaw on the subject, which providen, among other thinge. that a contumacious witness shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor. But a8 the Constitution dofines tho powersof Congrees, and Hmits the ubects and ahjects of ita loplslation, the Inquiry must be imited to those aubjccts and objects, an, for example, ** to eatab- lisly post-oflices, and postroads,’”’ which s & le- gltimate subject of legislation, und cousuquently of investigation. On tha other hand, that instrument provides that ++Congresa shall tnake no Taw respecting an estab- Ystiment of rellgion,* and, therefure, e it can have no jurisdiction to legisinta in_auch a case, it han no busincss, by committes or otherwise, ta in- quire of a witness anything abuut his refigion, and #0116 cottld not be tontumaclous. It must always De understood that {he fquiry s directed to a sub- Jeet concerning which Congress has power, under ihe Constitation, to legislate. To what extent, then, may a committee of Con- gie fnvontigate mattera of 8 political character? an wer, #irat—1t maydo so in regard to the election of Senators and Tepresentativen, becauso the Con- siltution provides that + cach flouse ahall be the Judge of the clection, returns, and qualifications of 1t own members,” and any Information neces- sury to a proper understanding of the care may be obtatned n snch manner as the law directs, Secand—It may do 8o in regard tun territory, for territorics may bo carved uut by Congress and coverned ns th Jaw directs, and now States may o aduitted, ‘ Third—1t’ may do o under_the Conhtitution, which provides that **The United States ahall guarantee Lo every State in this Union a republlcan form of governmnent, ' nad, nccordingly, it would e competent for Congrees to inquire whether n Stato had & republican form of government, and, IF necessary for that purpose, to send 3 committee to Investigate. Fourlt—1t may do so under the followlnz: siviee. 1, The rizhts of citlzens of the United Staten to vote shall not be demed or abrided by the United States, ot by any State, onaccount of race, cular, or previond condition of servitude." +vg8e. 1, ‘The Congress whall have power to ens farce this articie by appropriate leat«lution, " and uny Inquiry uddressed to thls subject would be proper. PR aide from thio general principlo that tho fn- quiry must be llmited to those subjects about which Congress may leglalato, there §a 3 provision of the Constitutlon which expreesly cxcludes the Sunwdletion of Congress to legislate; or inquire, In veeard to the manner inwhich Presidential Electors ghatl Vo appolnted, - Att Ik, Hec. 21 0 fol- swa: : Each S{ate shall appoint, In such manner as the Leg- Islature thereof muy direct, a pumber of klectors vunal o the wholu number of Benators and Lepresentas tivea to which the State may b eutitled Jo the Con- wress. liere (s a positive grant of povwer to the Legisla- tare of a State, 1t cannot bo deprived of that yuwer by Congress, ‘The people theimeelven cannot cliange {t, not even by thelr own Constltatlon, It s a'power ahwalutely veated in o Legutafure, and, consequently, the.power over the matter s remored fram Congreas, 1t lan no more yurladic- tlon aver It than it has over the subject of relisfun, It cantiot Interfera with [t any more than It can In terfere with the obligation ot a contract. “Ilie Lesivlature of Loulsiana has provided tho made of tho nppointmont of Electors, Mt peopla In thelr weveral precincts voted. The returns woro nnde to a Canvassing Board established by law, The Bloard had authiority, under the nw, to fnquiro into the mannce In which the clection was con- Aucted. The office of the Duard was both minis- terial and judielal. Tho **apnoinfment ¥ was not completo until tho last act reruired by the law of Louisiana was done, and when' the Board had con- cluded ity Inbure and declared the reault It was n finality. 1t coulit nut be revlewed by any commit. tee of Congreas, of by Congress ftself, ~ Congress cannot leglalato upon tho aubject, nnd, therefore, cannol Institute any inquiries about it, ' The Honr wny a constitutional body, §ta power of attorney wan, first, the Constltution of the Unfted States; vecond, the atafute of Loulslana. “The Legliluturo might have authorlzed the Gov- sruor (o apuoint, UrTIL lave gpuointedthem on Jolut_baliot—as' farmerly wan tho case [ South Uarolinn, And_ supposo’ it had been that what a spectacle it would bel A commitive of Congress summoning the Leglslsturo of Loulslana intu Its august prescuce, and interrogating Its e - bers oa tothe mannef fu which they did oficlal buslnces under a State_law, and, In casv of con- in of noni Tegarding tumacy, jmagine the Legislaturo of o soverclen State arralgned before the bar of tho Benate, 1€ 1t happened to be in that branch, for contempt of the Senpte—two of whose mumbers were the appolntees of the Legislature thus arralgned ! “The Returning Board of Louisiana had judicial power under the Constitution and the law, and to the extont that it could jnquire into the fucta— take teatimony and rojoct returns—It wan a legully cunstituted court, & telbunal whore decision must be tinsl. Each State has the right to provide for tlie elcction, or appointinent, of its awn Judges and (overnorn; these officers oto rosponetvle, av- coraing to the law ondur which they act, or are sppolnted, but Congress has no jurladiction over them, snd they would probably laugh at any at- tempt to arraign them: becauso they dectined to answer some quvetion which a Congressmin anked, A resolution directing a committee of the House to inguire Into election frauds """m"i’ Inagiven Slate confers no authority, l'arties guelty of frand In thut State are suswerable to the lawa of that State, Punslbly, i there wis o contest In regard 1o tho clection of 8 member of Congrees, the luqui- ry, contined to that case, might bo' pertinent, At least, Uongress coull »o provide by statute, for it mauy Judyge of the gun“ficullvn,nnd electlon of itw mcimbers. Jut the Conatitul’on nowhere prorides that Congreds ahall be the Judye of the qualification and election of the Presldent, llence, any jnqul an to thut subject 18 unnutborized, and 8 wil would have the right to refuse to snswerorto produce papere. When the Constitution gare to each State the power to apnolnt Hte Electors ti auch manner the Legalature might determine, il thereby expres Iy declured (hat Congress should hate no poicer (o reciew the matter. Tlic powers of Conzress over the President, or relating to his ofifce, uniter the Constitution, sre: 1. ’l'u?mmt lawa réyarding his dutles, and the e: ercise of his powers in cases whore the Constitu- define them, ils veto, ‘Ta hnpeach him. ‘Tu provide who shall perform tho dutles of }'l‘"nlduul in cuse ull of the Constitutivnal oiicers all, 5. To be present when the Elcctoral vote fs counted, 4. ‘To elect (by the House) 1t the Electoral Col- Tege fail to elect. 7. ‘o deterinine the time of choosing the Electore, nod tha day on which they shall give thelir voles: which shall be the sawo day throug] wut the United States, As hashoen vald by the courts many times, there arethree branches of the Goverament, —executive, legialative, and Judlen d nelther can trench upon the powers of the uther. ‘The spirit of the Constitution fu, that the legislutive branch shall not be President wakers except in two cases: 1. "o deaignate wha ehall perform the dutiew uf tho office {n cuse the cunstitutlonal ofiicers shall fail; and, 2. to clect, in caae tho Electoral College fail toeluct, Which cumergency has not arisen. Helng preacnt when the Elcctoral vote {s counted cunfers no power on those present. Thebebng present, or thu words **in the pgesence of," a passive wtate which bus not yet arrived, ia the only presanded Lad, poicer upon which resta the dsaumed right fo bn tiyate the returns from Louieland. And this s set ujr aa agalnt the Fullllvn prosiuion of 1hu Coun tutwn, tsat the Legislature may provide for the appointuent of the Electors 1n manner as it winli determive. 1t e 4 cuse where the pasdlee Ls Tuore powerful thau the actives & solecluns 19 vvery scure, certainly o a legal ense, Now, the Congressional Comuifttee In Loafelans, realizing the power of tho words **lu the presence " awsume (u lgnore the fact thiat the Leglslature hias provided the mode, and that the Electors huve been appointed according to thot mode, I short, the Committee, aud evidently the House, propose to sgnute that wode. u mode dith ‘Fhey propost to Mauguruly Iforent from tuo uvue provided by the They propwas toda swuy with the altogether, (o overthrow ile un. Thex'propuse to turn thciisclios ug Board, tu throw out preclucis, to count {u others to suit thumscl 10 violate the Constitution, wbich {l thy Legisla- wupe aball determine the Illhdlli and a}l this frow the effective and all-powerful *0in the presence of.* ‘Tue Committes proposs 1o make tho returns from that State. 1t must bo spparont to every candid mind that thy framers of the Constitution did not {ntend to put the Ilouss in o position where it could, upou suy sdsutption of fact, efeat the election by lhe Electoral College. 1fthey had so fntended, “they would have used moro e0icaclous wurds than th Which cspress 8 mery pussiva state. I Cougs cun throw out or reject, it can do it wifdoul teatl- mouy. 1t may du it {or the very purpose of throw- iny tbe election luto thc Hluuse, aud this js fust what the framerw of the Constliution intended to “‘i"lhan'] know (all well the propensity of legislative und generslly mblics, and therefore provided enecks ant balances, D Tocqueville eald: **Tho Amerlcans have not heen abic to counteract the temlency which legistative nasemblics have ta got posscerion of the Government, bnt they 'have rendered this wu’mmuy less irreaiatible. I 10 1a {rue that Congress has the power that is elaimed for It now, a Commitice of Congrers conld rovo all over the country, conld investigato every recinct, could upsct Siate Iaws and decislons of State conrta; could sct astde Juilicial determina. tions; conid arrogate to ltseif the powertosct anfde vlections: conld inepect everybody's tele- grams and correspondence; could investigate Dem. ocratic and Itepuollcan headquartera; could defeat the vote of the Electors; could elect Presidenta by deponitiona, ‘I'here are Robeeplerres and Dantonain the Tlouse who utter these sentiments, and many needy Com- muniats and anxious dacobina ontalde who re-echio them, Let them be encournged, andabler Robo- aplerres and Dantons wiil break into tne llonne, and atill greater powers will ba usurped. The Nation- lh‘,‘mu’enllun cut Louls' throat, and then eacn olier's. 1ut It may be clalmed that Cangresa bins powerto legisiate inregand to the counting, by virtue of See. #, Art, 1., which 18 aa follows: **To make all laws which shail be necersary and proper for catrying into exccution the foregoing owerd, and ali othier puwers vested by this Consti- ution in the Government of the Uniied States, or in any departniontorofiicer thereof.” “I'he ** foree going powers "' do not embracy the power In ques. Ligni noris ftone of the pawers veated **in the tiorernment of the United States,” for that term menns the Governinent as a twAole; notialtapower verted In o department, for the President of the Senate Ia not adepartment; andso eliminating all that every one will concede in not-applicable, wo have: **to mnke laws which shall bo necesanry and ‘;mper for carryinginto execution ull(pnwur! vested ¥ the Conatitutiun in any officer of the Govern- ment. Tt will be aald that the President of the Senato i an ofiicer of the Government. 'This Is undoubt- edly trne; butlf it Is proposed o invoke the aid of thia section in order to Gl anthority for Congtress to pass lawa in rogard to the count, it intiat be nd- mitted that such laws ara for the purpose f **car. ryinit Into exccution” a power reated In the Prest- dent of the Senate, Now, If this i o, it cannot wnean that Congresd can pasa laws authorlzing Con- gress to do the counting, for that would deprive the President of the Senate of a power vested In im. 1 1t {a veated In him he canmiot be divested. 10 1€ In vented in Congress, L eannut be divented: and this brings us to the queation, What fs the status It Conyress fails {0 pa*aa lawd Thera Ia no poyer to compel it dmitted by some who nalst that Congross miay yass the law, butdoes not, that the Presldent of tho Senato shall connt: Dbut'tf a0, where did he got the power? 1f 1t is snld In unawer o this, that hie hae It ex necessitate rel, whots (0 jndge wiien sho neccasity arises, and Jow, from the ueceasity of the case, ducs it hnEpen tobe in Aim/ Why may It not Just os well bo in sonie other officer? 1f, for another anawer, it Is nald that the Constitutlon gives him the power, tho bow ean Congreds get” [t awny frun him by Tegsialotion? If it Can, then It can take away from the President the commund of the aemy, notwith- standing the Constitution says /e sAalf b the Com- mander-n-Chief. ; Tho Conatitution alven to tho Peestdent tha pow- erto pardon criminals, yet Congress can_ pass no law rentricting his pawer or regulating its exercise. fle needs the uld of no leglaiatlon Lo enforca this vested power. 1t {n said by Faechal In his Anno- tated Connitition that **'Fhe nower to pardon is unlimited. This powerof tha President fs not sub- ect to leglalative controf,™ and this was declded iy tho United States Court In cx parte Garland, 4 Wall., #180. ‘Tho some dacteine was held tn Crosy' cane in New York; and it s upon the nrinciple that the power pelng vested In the President, it can bo nowhere clves and av, if 1L 18 admitted that the President of thio Senate can_count thy votes in the abrence of legislation, it of course follows that ho doew not ot his power from the Inw; but does get It cither ex necessltate rel, or from the Constitution, It cannot oo the former, for that In substitutlng revolution for law, It [0 an old saying that “*necossity kiowa no law, " When thin princlple 18 admltted. dictatorships will De In faslion, But It may be aaked, Wnut docs tha Cunstitutlon mean when 1t provides that Congress may pasd laws (o vxecito povora Yested in an ‘odl- corof the Gavernment? 'This i a_proper inquiry In this connectlon, but an iHlustration will seeve (o answer It. ¢ Tho executiva power shall bo vested ina Peel- Congress has suthority to determine wherefn cone wlnta executive power, and it npplics to everything 1ha President may do, except those things speciics atly deslznated by the Constitutlon, as, tho power to pardon, Did the framers of tho Conatitution intend to Teavothe queation in snchdonbt? 'They did provide that the votea shall e counted. Did"they “Intend to put it Into the power of Congress to defeat tho count, und thereby defeat the election, by a fail- ure 10 pawsn law? Did they futend to glve tho House the power to elect a Urealdent, by rcuxon of fta own perversenesa? I tha House refuses, as it might for the snke uf the job of elvclhlg. there Is no remedy; but if the President of the Senute re- fnses, he thereby vocatea his olice, and his suc- cernor may be elected, ‘The Constitution has Wlul‘y excluded from Con- green the power (o determine thy mode In which tie Electurs shall be appointed, and has conferred this poweron the Stste Legislaturce, Tae epirit of thi proposition is that the leglstatlve Lranch of, the Government shall not create the exccutive, ex- copt in two contingencies, by porversely throwing out_retarny, or exercluing any power whatever; In short, that it connot do fudlrectly what it {adl- rectiy prolibited from dofnis, LCongress lims no jurisdictlon over the matter, because the President of the Senatels the can- vussing oflicer, whuse powera aro conferred hy the Constitution, " "The returns are made to hiin in order that 4e may exercise the functions of such officer. They aro opened by bim in the further exercive thercof; nor can Congress abridge his powers, nor arrogate to iteelf those which are cone Isrred on another, {tecan take to ftself no powers by virtuo of any law it may puss, or rule It may adopt, unless |t can find soine warrant therefor in the Conutftutlon. 1t finds no such warrant fu the resent caso, No Judiclul power Is conferred, and t cun assumo or {rply none, for it would theéreby treach on the judiclul branch of the Government, 1t cannot excrclee leglalutive pawer fn the prem- 1se4, because the Constitution provides how and In what canes fAal powor shall ba exerclued. Ao at- temipt to_exerclwe any nower on the part of Con- gress wonld be rovolutfonary, T'he siinple words **in the presence of " exprers no grant of power ofany kind, except that of being present, which involves 5o ¢cfion, nor the exerclse of any dise cretion or Judgment, It cannot exercléo minds. terlul power, for there is never a presumplton | favor of such exercise by & purcly lequslative body. In tho abacnce of express provisiona neither Indicial nor ninisterinl suthoerlty can be exercised by alature, for its power is 1o legislate unlr The uvassing of returns 1s purely o miniaterial act. For the present, wo will cancede that Con; ‘has power to count the Eiectoral vota; It is, th nothing but a Canrasslny loard, and, tn the ab. sence uf coustitutional provisions, mist ho gov= erned by the rule nfllllclblu to Canvassing Boards. 101t lo such at all, it Is by force of the Constitution, from which it derives ita power, An such Iloard, itls the creatura of that instrumeat, and it ean therefore have no other power, To ussnme that [t can take Lo ftrelt mioro than e expressed, 14 1o nve wumo that a County Clork and two Justices, come- pusing n County Canvassing Bonrd, muy i'w back of Lie returns, und arrogate to henselves moro au- thority than is conferred by the Jaw. A Cunvassing Bourd cannot, in the absence of ex- press provislon fn the Consiltution, or law which createn it, exerchee leglslative functlons, althouzh 1t may ve a legralative body: nor cun It for the same reason exerclse judiclal functions, 1t often ocenrs that & Convasalug Board mposed of court, but ite acts are nevertheleed ministerial vo far sy the canvass (s concerned, unless the law ex- presses more. Asa Canvassing Toard, C can exerclso no more puwer in the premisea than could the Prealdent of the Senate, were his pawer not now disputed, Now, what aro the functions of canvassers? Tho ‘Supreme Court of llinols, In Feople va. Head, 25 11l., 208, sald: **They (n Canvassing Tard) ay probably Judyo tehether the returna are in due form, but affer that, ticy can only compnto the voies cast for thy soveral candidates, and du- cluro the result,' 1 New York It was held that: *'Tha dutles ‘of the canvasscrs were o sttend at tha praper oftice and calcilate and ascertain the whole' numboer of vates given st any election, and certify the same to Lo a lruo eanvaest this fvnot a Judiclal act, bat wmerely minlatcelal, They have Ho_ poicer {6 con- frovert the role of the ~kiectors,~copls vw. Vun Slyek. 4 Coun., 207, 320, Exparta. Weaib, "3 In'Stafo ve, Steers, 44 Mo,, 229, §t 1s satd: +*When s minlsterlal ofticer Teaves bLis proper aphicre, and attompls to_exereisa judicial func- the lmlta of tho law, and (s Houe, e fu exceeds uilty of usurpation e . yunckenbush, 22 Darb, 77, the Court sald: **They (the canvassers) are nol at liberty to recelvo evldence of unything outslde of the roturns themaelves; theire duty conslats in o slinple matter of arithmotie, " The vao doctsine fsclearly laid down a Thomp- son va. Ewing, 1 Brewster, 77, and has been fol- lowed In every State In which ' the ?llul(lnn has bean raleed, Including New. York, Teansylvania, Iudlsna, Hhoole, Wieconsin, Iows, l’llwl\l’l. Michigan, Malne: Alabama. and Tennesseo. - authorities cited In McCreury’s Law of Electlon Bec, 84, T'lic only exception to this established rule In those States where the atatute creatlug the Hvard and detinin ito pawers hus conferred upon It Judi- o the matter, as 1 Texus, Alabawa, and Florlda, A Canvasunv Board cannot, therefore, go behind the returne, unless expressly authoriced ¥o to do, ud »0 & ministeriul budy, bob belng permitted to go behilnd the retarng, tak wo Surindiction to tn- nuire in1a the proceedings of the Retarulng Board 1u Loufvluua, ~$ad the Conatitutlon of the "Un ted States contuined o provislon similar (o those In the stututes of those States (arauming that Uangeess Iy {heproper Canvausing oaed), then It could o back of the returne, could inquiro fnto alleged frauds, and could throw out vutes. und fur that purposs it could take testimony, "'he followlng propositions must attatn: 1. My gencral pacllauientary law, Congreas, belng a Lsgialutlve Lody, can only tisestigats a4 10 subs Jects about which it may legislate, 22, The President of the Neuats (s the canvassing oflicer, ond his_coustitutional duty canuos abridged or Interfered with by soy suthority under tho Government, ES Lrn- Cunstitution leaves the mode of appoint- ectory sulely with the State Legialuture rees bus uo Jurisdiction over it Any s tewpt to utesfere with It b revolutionary. 4. 'Thoact of canvawsing the Electoral votes fs 1. Nojudicial power having been cunferred by the Constitution, ndin no oveut can it be tha excreise of leglslutive power, 5. A Capvawsing Board, actiwt vnly minlsterlally, a;.hu:n'pwg;;u corlmvlunn 'fl";;“l“h‘ "wl;h}fl. " unle rcealy authorize 0 8uth whlcn nu‘fluhu uch Hoard, z L4 0. Even admitting that Congress may connt the ¥oles, guch connting I the cxercleq of a mininte. sial power which Conzress cannot colarge, 7. "The {rne rnle i, that Congrees cannot inveetj. gate any matter except in ald of the exerciso of le. gltlmate leclelative power, In conclusian, I quote from an & by Charles Pinckney in 1800, when estlon was hefore Congreas, in the form of & bill to reqn. Inte the mode of connting, and which was defeated on the ground that Congreas had no power over the queetion, Mr. Pinckney satd: Knawing that It was the Intentiaa of the Con to mnke tire I'res Ry e rerdens oF o Federal Legisin 10 i o ect. s ILI8 Rt present not only the spirit, b the or 6f thot Instrument, 10 gIv6 to Congress no Interd €0ce Inor contrul avEF the eleetion of & Prendont. 16 made thelr duty toconnt over the yotea in & conven, tion of bath Tiowses end (or the Prostdent of the Kenary Lgl-k'rlnr! who liae the majarity af the ¥otea of the ilectars 8o tranamitied.” 1t fiever was Inienden, noy £onid it have been safe, n the Constitution, 1o have Elvento Col\'Kh‘IL thus assembled in Convention, the Figh to obicet o any vote, or even (o ursion whether they’ were conatitationally or properly giv Thisright of determining nn the manner in whi -y Electnrs shall vato={hr inquiry 010 the auatiicatime And the guanie necessary to prevent dlagualined or im. Toper men voltng, and to lywire tho vores Uelag e y Kiven—reats, aud I8 exclusively veated. (n the Sinls Legidaturen. 1€ It fy nacessary to have garis acnio finproner election of Eleetors, il 10 1natftule tribanale to [nnuire fnto thelr quaiications, with the State fo frlatures, Rod with thein slone, rests the power Htute ticm, and they ot ‘exercise dt, T 0! A%, even when naesembled In conventls fight fo Feject o Tt (he muT.frsln(:m. ould ore and ikangerons n abwar, a of the Constitution never Contd hase bews gy of " Cuicauo, Dec. 25, 1870 ment made Jaxes P, Roor, THE HOMELESS POOR. To the Fditor nf The Trilnns, BrraNagna’ llose,No127 WestLaknStreer, Cuicaco, Jan. 12.—The condition of absolute want to which an tmmensc number of the work. Ing people of this and othicr clties have been ro duced, and the dally and niehtly spectacles of woe and wretchedncss which are to be withessed at the Strangers’ llome, tao Unifon street ol pollce statlon, the Van Huren street and Nortl Clark sireet free lodging-houses, amongst the members of onr class, call for hinntediato and carnest action on the part of tho st employed workers of Chieago, Thou- sands of our fellows, among whom s the writer, aro roaming the streets In scarch of work which wo cannot find. Thousands are suffering from hunger and cold. Thousands of Industrious and intellizent workers ore in 8 state of dreadful pauperisin, Thousands are being driven to the ranks of crime, prostitution, and never-ending despalr, The Poor-Iouse aml the Jall present thelr bideous faces to men and women whose lives have been devoted to Lioness Iabor. In the dwellings of the workera, once bright and cheerful, domestie lmrnhuus 3 fost giving wav to rorrow and contentions before the dreadful march of huneer. Little ebfldren cry for bread, white thelr ‘mrcuu suffer from the angulsh of being unable to help them. The poor, the fricndless, and the homeless of us are sulfering intensely from the effects of continued hunger and cold: the srost and snow which aiford the plensures of skating and slelzh-riding 1o the children of wealth, have brouzht only ucreased sorrow to the chiliren of tofl. The New York Herald lately, speaking of Christmas. Day, sald that the birthday of One who liad not where to lay lils head ot night, and who waa born In a stable, consorting all his life with humble men, aud_executed a3 a malelactor, de- veloped to the fishermen and other common people with whom He epent His days a theor) ol the conduct of life and of suciety to which a great part of mankind has ever since been pretending to conform itself. Now, why dil not the Herald add that any man who would pretend to conform himsell to such a life would e Jooked upon as u foul or treated as a criminal by the ruling class In these days? If any man were to follow Jee sus' example now in Chicago, by goln, among the brokers as e did, ho wdx{ldupnug fina himaclf an inmate of the Bridewell or Jall. ‘Who In these days, notwithstanding the breach~ ngz of & Mooy and others, does unto others ns he wishes to” be done by! Durlug the past month hundreds of pauperized workingmen hava been conversed with by your correspondents ‘Fho tales of wretchedness which they tell are of o distressing and dreadful character. Around tho corners, and everywhere where they can ob~ tain a shelter fromthe plereing blasts, hundreds of workins n anay beseen walting for em- nent. Thelr half-clad bodles bear terrible evidence of thie hardships through which they are passing. The rich und the varlous national societles ure dolng littlo to help us, dreadful consequences will result if the employed workingmen allow the members of their cluss to continue to be, a3 thou- sands already are, or become, * reciplents of charlty from duor to door. We, your unem- ployed “fetlow-workers, have Ubeéen already steeped too low {uthe alough of degradation withi- out |>l‘l’lfllllllll,’i us 1o becoms the fumates of the Jall or eat the bread of huimlisting charity. The time hna come for the working-people to aid the working-people, for tho cmfluyml to make or- ganlzed efforts ln behalf of their starving brothe cra and sisters. The largo army of men of all trades amd professions” who ‘have been dis- charged, and thele situation, presents such scrious themne for reflectlon na must soon awak- en the tollers of Lhis nation to o true sense of their duty os men, and the sbaolute necesslty of athorough organization as the only remedy. ‘We ara truly a natlon of abject scrfs {f wo are content to bu trilled with anv longer, Wil the Industrial thousands of Chicago and’other citica of the Unfon submit to be trented us common vagrantsl Fellow workingmen and women, you are now brouiht to & realizatlon of the power ol capltal over lubor; though wilting te work, noue {3 olfered you. And, worae still, the chances of speculaiive profit are gradually golng out of the hamds of the many fnto the hands 6f monopu- lists, who have 1o caro or_cstablished responst- billty tn your wellare, and will only employ you when it suits thelr profit or convenlenve. Ig Is unnecereary hers to enter fnto the canses which have led to such n dreadful conditlon of desm- dation amongst the working-people, It 13 suill- cient for the present monient to know that such astate of things cxists, and that it s the duty of employed workers to orgganize for the rellel ol thoso members of their class \lxhu are destl- tute. The undersigned will be ppy to meet aud converss with such workinginen who feel fuvorably disposed towards such an_organiza- The most. tlon be: formed Sunday at the Strungers! Tlome, No. 127 West Lake street, Very' ro- specttully, Jouy Unax e THE MINUET, Grandma told mo o1l about it . Told me, w0 1 couldn't doubt it, How shu danced—my granding ancod b Long agu, 1low xha hold her proity head, How hor dainty «kirt siio pread, Tlow sho turnel her little toos— Swlling Hitle buman rose — Long ago. Girandma's halr was brlght and sannys Dimpled clieeks, too—ah, how funuy} Lically quite a pretty gicl, Nicss her M{M‘ Lt can fier! why, she weara a ca Girandiina dnce, ot ke A hop Every winglo day; and yot Orandmou danced the mlnuet Long ngo. Now she sits there, rocking, rocking, Always knltting Grandpa's stocklug— AEvery ghrl was tanght to kit ; Long uga.) Yet hor fgure ls wo neut, And her wa atald and sweet, 1 cun alnug her n Bendlug to ber partner ng ago. how, Grandma says our modern jumping, Hopping, rushing, whirling, bumping, Would have shocked the wentls folls s Long ajo. Ho—thoy movud with atately gracs, Everything In proper place, ding alowly forward, then lowly courtesying buck aguin, Loug ago. Alodern wa. Grundms s are quito alarmin; § 9 Girle aud ere cuarming- ), Of course— , I e ng ago, Bravely, modeat, grandly shy— What }f 'a)l of us xhould try Just to feel like thuse who et Tu the graceful minuet, » Long ago? With the minuet In fashlon, Who could fiy 1t a passiont All would wear the'calu they wore Loug ago. In thno to come, I I, perchance, Should tell my rmudchud of o.ur dance, 1 should really fike to say, $*We didIt, dear, In sonlo such way, Lung ago.* —Mrs. Mary Mapes Dodge tn St. Nicholas, e ———— CRUMBS, « A woman with yellowlsh halr, Q_m‘]l [Iuc that ma; hl‘\‘n heu:{llr ';1 Notwo long ayo, wheu its youth was the R84 Uwo rod g foe somu ona to keem, T A man with bis 811 of life; k..\:.‘nll' w'ulnrn. chudrefi-“ lnnu'wl! j wurfuit of casure, a littlo trife,— Non's lives afe 0 botntifally (e, T worpder if this Lazarus with tho yellowish bals, And the faco some man whil swear **1s falr," 1s 00 huugry for love, bas wivecd it vo, That ebe Ls'giad of wbat crumbs this Dives may 1Brow, — 'Tho dregs of his lifo whea tho wine bs gone? Cup 4.