Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, November 25, 1876, Page 9

iy, ool THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 25, 1876—TWELVE PAGES/ \ nlrond ng nt home, There was & sloniticance In Its nrpnnflnz simultancously with the recent Li- Drarlana’ Conferenco at Philadelphia; for it sn happened that the firet coplus Iasued wers dis- tributed to the membera of the Conlerence while in session. It oll the Dopartinents at Washiugton were dalng as good work and mak- ing as good books as the Bureau of Fduration, there would he lesa um,ludlcu ngalnst what are called Govermmuent publications, TITERATURE, — pmerican Public Libraries=-= Capital and Labor. teliglous Books trom a Uni- CAPITAL AND LAKOI, TALRS AROUT LABOR, AND CONCERNIN tarian Standpoint. AR ATOrmIoA OF ANRIGE I TUE LABGRENS AND Titt; CATITALISTE, .~ N, Lanxcn, Bvo,, pp, 102, York: D. Anplomn"& Co. i Hewi The author of the above-named lttlo book, in his preface, expressly disclalms any ambi- tious atlempt or endeavor to maka proselytes; and ho thus, In & measure, disarms eriticlsm. Ho has, be states, shinply tried to investigate the rclatfons botween eapital and labor, and to show how, If at all, those relations may ho changed for the better. And s success has certainly been quite antiafactory, 8o many foolish and worse than foollsh articlcs have, within the past fow yearssbeen written onthe wrongs suffered by labor, 80 many chi- merleal remedles have been offered by hare- brained philanthroplsts or ignorant commun- {sts, that it s a plensuro to read tho calin, o for Juveniles---John~ rie w gon’s Oyclopeedia. jontifio Explanation of Spiritual- “jsm—The Carlyle Anthology, ann = Chatrian === Foundling mk|-rl':75plm|s at Moscow and St. Petersburg. ‘e Sirex and the Epeira---Longevity s thoughtful cssny of ;a writer who has evi- of Eols Anti;];lty of the ! Jdently studied tho eubjoct carofully. World. The ~ familisr form of a dialogue Tias heen adopted, to the advantage of the rend- ulTERATUflE er, though at the expensc of alogieal and phil- osophical development of the argument, ‘apital §s_defined a8 everything derlved and accumulated from past labor . which enablea present lobor to be” employed fn nny way by AMERICAN PUBLIC LIBRARIES. ES OF TUE UNITED STATES pBLIC LIBRARY HISTORY, CONDI- o AMERICA: | THEIR, - | which the beneflcinl results” from it havo to bo oS, m&,{:@g‘,flg}mfiflfi::,‘:.",',';,,;*:,, waited for. divided ‘into five gemeral T pucasion, Washingion: Goverament | ciiesos, evcoriox o, the uode, of GG 3 . ParilL, pp. 1,187; Par — y i ¢ and {‘(!.l:l"f;f Oftce, L > {hdustry: by superior busincss cnpahllfby in the cxerclse of uncxecptionally great energy and talent; by speculation or shrewd baigalos; by Inheritanca or other passive methods; or, lastiy, by outright swindiing and robhcr{. ‘That ucquired by the first method, as glving s full cquivalent’ for what is recelved, is do- clared to be cntitled to the greatest re- speet, and allowed the most Jiberal usc of the power which all capltal exerclscs; while that acquired by ‘dishoucaty should “ot. B00. since 1670, the Commissioner of Education at Faehington, recognizing tho fmportant fune- flon of public lbrarles in the general systom of aducatlon, has collected and annually published (helr statistics. Thesa reports have imparted och uscfal fformation, and have alded fn stimutating that deep intcrest In the establishe ot and support of libraries now manlfeat in of our country. This new and Al a8 tho author thinks, be granted aun rl({' ite, \rikened Interest hes called for more 'éifr:&%“!"lffl('tufllfl“flfl)'l capital can i hll] ully ; ) vor'is very suceessfully re- ptended information respocting mul’:k‘l’l?l‘- futed. The \\-legoqucnuun laym v:cnu-lcx,'y nud of organizing libraries, plans of scnemes of library cconomy and simlnfstration, and rules for the sclection, ar- nogementy cataloguing, binding, and distribu- {ion of books. Tho speclal report of the Bu- 1aof Education, now before us, imparts the fformation, together with B history of all tho principal librarics in the Unlted Btates, and completo statistical Information concerning all dagesof lbrarics. It is a bulky octavo vol- ameof about 1,200 pages; and its typography, aecuted in our National Printing-Office, would hceditablo to the best printing-houss in tha The Commissioner, Gen. John Eaton; dis Chlet Clerk, Dr. Charles, Warrens Mr. fauel R Warren and Maj. B, N. Clark, under whoso joint cditorial caro the work has been done, and tho futelligent collaborators in o office, aro entitled to much praise for tho feption and faithful execution of tho under- tskiog, The papers on library-cconomy havo teen contributed by the leading librarians of tho wuatry; and several gentlemen outside the protesslon have written on the history of lbra- Tes, and alifed subjects. One bundred years sgo there was, in all the Titeen Colonics, no library which, with the meaning now attached to the term, would ho alleds “ publle library;” but, using the term fos wider sense, to Include subscription, so- tety, and cotlege lbrarics, there wero then ex- Iiting twenty-ning such lbrarics, baving an og- megate of 45,623 volumes, In the year 1800tho namber had fncroased to forty-nine, with 80,000 volumes, At the prosent timo there are, ex- 1) unfi common and district achool collections, L brarics In the Uunlted States, having in the 'fi ate 12,270,084 yolumes snd 1,500, Jamphlets. Tho etatistics of all these libraries areincluded in the volume before us. Dr. Benjamin Franklin was the founder of the Ibrary-system of this' country. Boon after ho s eetlled as a printer in° Philadolphis, ho nised o subscription of £100, which was the fondation of what ha lnter cafled “the mother of all the North-Anerican subscription-libra- s 8o few were the readers," hic says, “at il imo . Philadelphis, and the majorfty of s were 80 poor, that 1 was niot able, with great fudwtry, o flud more than fifty persons, mostl young tradesmon, willing to pay down for this pupose 40 shillings cach, and 10 shillings per amum, On this little fund wo began.”” This ellort, made in 1731, has developed into tho Philulelphia Librory éompnny, 10w possessing {ts cffects so widespread and so important, that ft can mnelther be embraced within nor any sot of rules; and the this, has wlsefy declared that he will not be bound by the limitations of utility preseribed Ly political cconomy, nnd seeks the wiiler raugcof that large, social phtlos- ophy, or othical cconomy, in whose domain only can tho Tabor question bu cmbruced. Without following hla chain of argument, it will Dbe sufficient to pgive the conclusfon at which he arrives. This is, that there aro only two ways {n which lIabor can hope {o be *Uenefited by (ts conteet with capital, The first and most imme- diatoin fts results is by the co-operation of these two opposing forces in proprictary fudus- trinl catablishments, where tho workmen 1c- celve a proportion of tho profits. The suthor takes speclal care to show that o mere agerega- tlon of workmen, who unite to pool their earn- inge, 18 not suflicient, Capital Is necossary, and business-cuergy, or, as it is popularly termed, “brafns.”” No workiman, simply from occcupy- ing the position of President of & company, will thereby become ondowed with the aflrcwdnuu ond busincss nngultfi' neceseary to make such gn_assoclation ‘:‘r)u table. Mere musclo is not sufllcient capital qruflum other eapltal. Tho sccond hope for labor Is fn the advance of public opiulon. But the author sud- ly ‘admits that ten centurles may clapse before the enlightened Judginent of man- kind will be suflicientdy cultivated to overcome {ts sclfishuess, and award to labor anv higher compensation’ than sharp competition and crylug want may fix. pOwer Or cause, however, which ~ will not operato appre- clably for gencrations at least, can he no factor in resolving the queation for the laboring class of to-day, Some of tho statements in the first part of the work ara materislly modifled In the latter. Tho mode in which the tyrannieal excrcire or extrlvnfunl. use of capital may bo restrained, Is not expiained; no criterion i glven or suzgest- ed by which to tstributo wealth mmore cTum- Vly; the rlghts of capltal aro sometimes utiderrated, and those of wunskilled In- bor overstated; somc factors in the great vroblem have been omitted; yef with all these faults, the work {s n valuable ant moderate statement of a vitully fmportanut ques- tion, and espectally to ho recommended to those who expect to overturn cxisting soclety, and overrlde all the laws of human development, by 8 fow legislative enactmouts, or, worso yet, by an appcal to physieal force, A fow timely re- marks on the evils of public Indebtedness, and thelr remedy, will be appreciated tlmrouglfly by ibo tax-ridder peopleof this country. author, scelng 104000 volumes. liefore 1870 very little was known of the sta- RELIGIOUS BOOXS, mu:u of pllblIA':I rarica, Before 1850 nothing Ogl?fi?bg};ff})“(n e “;\1.1{531. s ox xasknown, At that timen committeo of the 4 osn Ty LOLAN Britsh Parilament was investigating the subjoet, | EYANGELICAL Cumttianitr, Berzci i ol myporting Tbrarics by local taxation, and | - Meow o Sumes avs, ¥g TATotAL Ik sldresseal o Totter to the Secretary of Stato at | piaious Tuovsnt of Ti% Tors. liy tho Rov. Washington for fnformation as to American li- rier. The Beeretary of State replied, after tome delay, that ** An attempt was made to ob- talo the informatfon desired, but without suc- tes; and that, with evory disposition to 50, the epartnent ~ finds that it B¢ no means of gratifying tho wishes ofher Hnlcsty'u Government o this respeet.” The following year P'rof. C. C, Jowett nrnrnrcr], ind Congress “printed, his ¥ Notices of Pullle Libraries.? “Ha revorted 604 public librarles, excusive of school libraries, with 2,200,000 vol- ames. Iu 1850 the Rev. W.dJ. Rhees ubl{shed his ‘Mauual of Pablle Librarics,” n which hereport- 4496 names of 2,003 lbraries; but from 1,338 of small ones he could get no account even of Ir number of volumes. [fo reportea 4,220,- Hvolumes In tho libraries he could- reach, {lhu was then no Jibrary In the United Btates ting 100,000 volumes, There are now alne, nuking In volumes aa follows: J. T, 8ranenLaxn, Pastor of the Fourth Unie tarion Church, Chicago. 12mo., pp. 204, New York: James Miler, THE RELIGION OF EVOLUTION, Ty M. J, Savaog, Author of ¢¢ Christianity the Sclonce of Mantioud.” "12mo., pp. Boston: Lock- Wood, Brooks & Co, ¥ .50 LIGHT ON THE CLOUD; on, Ilixta o Cox- ront rou louns or Sounow., Dy 3L J, Bavaar, Autnor of **The Rteligion of Evolu- flon.+ "o, pp. 170, Hoston: Lockwood, Brooks & Co. Frice, 81,25, The volumes of scrmons and essays whoso titles nra given above are by clergyinen of the liberal faith denominated Unitarlon, DBoth are accounted, in the Church to which they are united, as young men of singulur mental power, and these discourses prove the cstimation to be well founded, Fivo out of tho thirteen scrnions forming tho collectlon by Mr, Sunderland wera_delivered in this city during the present year; tho remaln- der, we may presumc, aro of an carlier date, @ o Kew York Aitor “x‘ u“r;m ,‘}2&"’ l,;,k ‘ ‘The greater part of them have amore or lesa Pilisdelphia Sfercantilo Library close relation to the toples Included fn thele ¥ nflecnllumb maln title, yet Uring within thelr scope the vital questions fuvolved in our dully lving, They aro aglow with the warmth of a forvent splrit, which kindles n responsive enthusfusm, And still tho clear, culin reason underlying their ardor of feeling has n force that of ftsclf creates o profound impresafon, Tho two dlscourscs on the rovival movement 1ed by Messrs. Moody aud Sankey sct forth can- dldly the evil and the good that grow out of excessive religlous exvitement. They sppear at tho right hour for eflect In Chicago, pad all who aro fnterested In the exist ng revival work would do well to glve them o serlous perusal. Tho dissertation on “The Lito that Now Is? {s a strong plea for tho for- getting of sclf {n tho duty of serving others, Charles Kiugaley, In his novel “Two Years 105,000 4104104, 000 PI(‘)’I Iibrarics having more than 10,000 volumes, T L Jewett, in 1881, reported fity-nine; Mr, Yets in 1839, ninety-seven; and this report of i‘ 20, Of theac, forty-four aro In tho State e York; forty-threo fn Maseschusctts; l:ulny-nlne in Penusylvania; fourteen in Ohios elye cach fn the District of Columbia an “:;' dN. ten in California and Maryland; i tin New Jersey and Virginia; sixinIllinols, b Malno, ant Missourl; five In Kentucky; b In Loulslana, Michizan, New Hampshire, > wda Island, and South Carolina; threo in M':'R‘f, North Carolina, Tenncssoe, and Wis- mun‘ two In Delawars, Minnesota, and Toxas; m::::éu Btato library, in each :1 tho Btates In this claborato report thofollowing subjects l‘l“w‘il’ll“'d' and, where no authors ng nm"ncd- be understood that the e E’ul y the editara: Publie Tilraries Hun: " e Yoars : rarie Ago," makes tho hero, who Is devotéd to leal- Ly L 3 4L, B Beuddor; Biligol and | gog the efck during a terrible Visiation of the Mml.lbnm-;l.w Librarios, by 8, B, Griswold; | cholers, roply to somo ovangolist anxlous (o i ical Librarics, by J, 8. Bfllings; Belentific | convert bim by the orthodox method: I m"fl“. by T, Gilt; Libraries fn xE'rlwnn and | havo no time to caro about wy soul. I must Bad“i'.';'"“’""i;"“’"“““""" of Books and | work to save theso poor ercatures who usre dy- Librarih y ¥, B, Perkina and W. Mathews; | Ing all about ua.’ “Bo Mr, Bunderlund relates “‘hl(ulu of the General Government} Copy- | ‘*of ono of tho most emluent of English phi- ] Dlstribution, Bxchanges, and ‘hn rt | Janthroplsts, that le was intorrogated by Ues; Blate one o po! and Territorial Libs by H, orial rmel‘uy o, A Howmes; 1) i Historical Libraries, by H. A. Himflhw' 1, Fletchor, and cditpre} Marcan- Chrsilorarics, by K. B, Torkina; Young Men's Librarjen Astoclution, by C. Drainerd; Freo Yapgges Y I . Quincy; Publie Librarics (n thllu“‘]fl‘f,," E(;:a?um:flnlye:, by vg.l.ull'lewur; lor_the Youn 6 8AMO; Aox fo lace Towa Librasics 5&;&.-% by ¥, erking; Reading ‘in Fopular Lib b dtin Wisors Avicfusctures and. Thelr. Con the uvnnfellcn\ preachers of his who was his. friend and felt o d“l?u intcrest in his welfare, as to whether ho had taken care to sccure tho salvation of his own soul. The philauthropist, surprised by tho query, rcFHed that rull{' ho hiad been so "busy working for others that hio had forgotten that he had a soul. And, strangu and startling na the :;lpl‘r may scem to us, who have boen accus- tomed all ouF lives to hear tho sulvation of one’s own soul pletured as tho highest object of Blion with Publle Librarics, by H. 8 Friezo; | bumau effort and thought, I, nicverthelcss, for &Eu own Librarles; ¥roe laau{lug'llfimmfilfiy' one, belleve that the ]vglll,[au’ takon was cason- 0vg5§u§‘{fl,"‘ Library Bufldings, by J. Winsors | tiolly tho right and Christian one, [ beliova n “and Management © of Public | that thero {s no nobler man or better follower of H’;fi'“- by Willam ¥, Poole; Colloge | Jesus in this world than tho iman who couos Tl Administration, ¥y 0, . | nearest to forgottiug even that ho hus a suul, in Cutyoons , Library ~Catalogues, by C. Dis carticat care to bo fuithtul to his dully trusts, Nelnit 'y Cflhlufiuu and Cataloguing, by | aud to do good as he has ow»ormnlt 3 .4, M"“E y 8, B, Noyes, J, Behwartz, an In the cssay on *The Relirion of Evolution,” hniou cYy unlv:xlug: Periodical and Miscol- | Mr, Bavage traces the gradual development ol o oot Literuture, By 0. IL. Roblngong Bind- | the world's bello in Giud, tho Dovil, tho Bible, ford; p, resorvatlon of Books, by A. R, Bpot- | Prayer, Conscleuce, Tmmortality, ete., ete, He Unm', b;flfl»,dlml Literature and Sotlety Pubrlu- shows the origiu and growth of the leading doc- ie sawe; Works of Reference for J,\iriés by tho sawdo; Library Memoranda, by i ooy Titles of Books, by O. 1. iobloson “K'lphy: L':l‘l "’nF's?sbgmlmi‘m”bmft Blba- an LY ord § ral cpor m‘dC?tLfl'.',“n es; Publlc Librarios of Fen Princl- | § S trines common to tho purest religions, and ad- duces the testhnony to their continual progress upward in tho pust, as cvldence that they must ficreasy in inorality and spirituality through the futuro, 1lia argument lscool und impartiul, waking an appeal Lo the judgment ruther than to cmotlon or soutiment. ~ Nothlng fs clufuied 28 a postulatu that is not ratlonal, that hias uot a foundation in absolute truth or in tho frro- {ous contributors; General Sta- Lol a1 Puti 1) i ‘the. . ¢ Libraries in tho United \e¢; 80d Rules for u Printed Diction: Ualogue, 1y B 2 by C. A, Cutter, The subjoct las! resaible Instincts of the human soul. Nover- P:‘;;“fi ia treated ' tn & separate (ulllu called | thelesa the couclusions weigh ntmugl¥ in sup- No nubiy port of religlous tencts whih- it _{s fcared by hnnlve. ml"“wthomnqh. practical, sud ex- | tnuny that Belence will cventually averthrow oo 08 the subject of librariea aud library- | and vxtorminate. ed in this country or In reasonl n the lope of immortality, &8 much sought for which is the cnm Dpouscssion of mau, My, Bay- nge s revernl pound polnts rustaining its probability. Tmmortality, ho argues, so tran- aeends all man’a expeience that itis not strango he kuows nothizz of b while in a rtate of humanity. Hut, the more his life broadens and Tus knowledge expandg, the deeper 8 his long- fog for the fnfnite atlif unattained. Tho most nntural explanation of this longlng Is, that it is created by, and represents, soma eternal realily from which ft_has eprung. * No creature can think beyond himeelf, . “. . That man, then, can think of God and the infinite, proves that thero fs something of the divine and the infinite In man, It a'horze vould it down and meditate; {0 he could Allld{ his own struc- ture, sven the univerae, put noblo thoughts Into noblo verae, think and speculate nhout “the na- turo and destiny of horses,—{t would be held to prove that ho hid capacitics that lifted him out of tne plana of the equine, and’ gave him Drotherhiood with the hutnan, If man, then, can think, and atndy, and_speculate boyond his present ectf, it indicates that thero Is inhim the ulhllu{ of overstepping s present limita- fons, and emerglug upon a higher plano of ex- fstence.)? <The planet oh which we dwell {8 surging and sweeping through space with tremendous veloc ity, aud"yop wears totally unconsclous of the movoment, Why, asks Mr. Bavage, moy there not exist a world of splrits tmmedlnm? about us, in close connection with ns, although we nre unconsclous of 7 Wa can no more concelye of tho one case, which §s n fact demonstrated by astronomy, than wo can of tho othor, which Is & theoretical possibllity, And it lays no heavier tax on the faith Lo belleve fn thefirat than In the second proposition, The llttie hoole by the'same author, styled “Light on the Cloud,” is mnde upof short pleccs in proso and verac, addressed “to the be- reaved and sorrowing. The comforts which Philosophy and Religion can offer to assu; human_grlef are hers presented with gentle syinpathy, The three volumes, belonging to the same school of thouight, hive a wide field of useful- ness among the hosts of .nen whose falth in Orthodox religion haa been shaken or deatroyed by what Mr. Mivart calls the * Pagan * influcrices penctrating the literature and sclence of the nge. It is chiefly by an address to thu Intcllect and onderstandiug that men are to be recon- verted to an abandoned faith in God and re- stored to a Jost hope In Immortality. JUVENILES. PITS OF TALK, IN VENSE AND PROSE, FOR - YOUNG FOLKS, By il IL., Authorof "**Bita of Talk Abont Ilomd-Matters, etc. _18mo., pp. 241, Hoston: Roberts Brothors, Price, 81, DAISY TRAVERS; ont, TurGinisor Hive HALL, 1y AvsLaink . Saxvrrs, Anthor of **Dick and Daisy Serles,” 10mo., pp. 284, Boston: Lec & Shepard, Price, 81.50. TIE \TINOED LION: on, STomtrs or VEXICE. Iiy Prof, Jaxrs D5 MinLe, Author of **The B, 0, W. C.,' elc. 1Umo,, pp. 423, Price, 81,60, FLAXIE FRIZZLE, Dy Borutr May, Aathor of s+ Littlo Prudy Stotles,™ ote. Illustratod, 18mo., pn.llaL’. Boston: Lee & Shepard. Price, 76 centa. - The * Bits of Talk," by IL IL, whether Iarge or small, for old or young, aro universally inter- esting. ‘T'hey ore aglow with & rieh, warm vi- tality, ond impress overy nature coming in con- tact with them by their strong maguetism. The observations, the Intentions, of an ardent, sympathetie womun’s soul overflow in them, and kinpart to the reader thele vitallzing force and hinpetus. There (s great diversity inthelittle “ Bits " fitted into the mosaic composing this laet of her voluties. There ore Incldents of, travel, sketclies of people, short essays Incorpo- rating o moral, juventle storles, and snatclics of mels f; and each {8 as Lright, lively, and fn- structlve os a real talk would be With thelr Drilllant, many-sided author. “Daisy Travers” introduces *The Maiden- liood Scrles’ with a story of a young girl's at- tompt to cducato twenty-five orplian children reseucd from the cold churlty of the poor-iouse. Dalsy bad herself known the sufierings of in- dlzent, neglected childbood, and, befng ullowed on opportunity through tho gancrosity of a rich unele, sho resolved to furnish the comforts of a home and tho lenelits of a school to as many little waifs as she could provide for. Iler ex- periment is happily successful, and its history Is rcmfd with o vivacity tbat will please young cople. M T!xc book written for boys, and entitled ¢ The Winged Lion,” s one of thu whimsleal mix- tures of fun, romance, and absirdity which we oroaccustomed to associate with the mame of Prof, James de Mille, The story is located fu Europe, and quluu tho varied adventurcs of & party of travelers constituting “The Young odge Club,! The wee ““todiles" whom Sophie Mor puts fhto hor books aro the most cunning aud natu- ol spechinens of thelr kind ever met with in print. Thoy are charming combinations of mis- chiet, pertness, and {nnocence, witliout s sus- pldon of artiflelality or cxageeration. 4 Flaxle Frizzie™ s o twln sister of “Dotty Dimple,” every bit as troublesome and bewitch- ing, and that Is snylng a great deal for her, JONINSON’S CYCLOPJEDIA. JONNSON'S NEW UNIVERSAL CYCLOPEDIA A ScirsTivic AND Poruial TREASURY oF KAOW! Tinatrated with Maps, Plane, and s, Editors-fn-Chicf: Furpemick A P, nxann, Preeident of Columbia College, New York: AnvoLn Guyor, Professor of Geology and Physical Geography, Collego of New Jurscy. YVol. 111, 4to., pv. 1,750, New York: A. Jo Johnson & Sons, A caveful examination of the third volume of Jolinson's Cyclopmdia euhauces the respect for the work which the previous voluines have excited. The publishers have faithfully carried out thelr intention of sparivg no palus or cost to secure {ts efliclency. Tho immenso editorlal stall employed in the preparation of the present volume {ncludes upwards of 200 emineut speclal- {sts, and many of the articles they have con- tributed ore of such extent and solidity us 1o merit the nome of treatlscs. Among theso may be mentioned the articles on LlflhtlllnF, b Prof. Joseph Henry; on Magic Squares, by Preal- dent I, A, 1. Bariinrd; on Moral l’l)llusu{lh\‘, by Dr. Noah Porter; on Osteology, by Prof. E. opa; on Phitosophy, by Prof, John Fiske: on “aleontology, hy Prof. Nuwherry; on Republic, by Carl Schiirz; and on the Republican Farty, by Richard 1L, Dan, dr, * A commendablo feature of the work fs the shiication of tho namo of the authur at the oot of cach article of {mportance,—thierehy ro- curing to 1t tho influence It deserves, aud also throwing the responsibility where it belonga, 1n all departments of knowledga thie hook is surprisingly comprehensive, It s fndeed wone deful how &0 much varied and extensivo infor- matlon hos been crowded into so compuet o space. ‘Tho sceret lies in the urt of condensa- tlon, which has been skilifully practiced, and Mkewise fn the thin pu_Fcr‘ antd “small though clear type employed. The work needs only to como tinder diserfininating notico to commend {tavlt to universal favor, 3 i ? GEORGE SAND. IMPRESSIONS AND REMINISCENCES, QGronoe BAND, _ Translated by 11 K. Anaws, With Memoir. 16mo., pp, 200. Hoston: Wili- faw ¥ Gill & Cu, Price, $1.50, ‘The contenta of this Jistle volume embraco seventeen short papers, profaced by o slight ac- count of the author. Although uffording but glimpscs of the talent of George Band, thoy 1 0, yicld some Insight {nto her character. All the facts, however trifling, that can he learned about her, are hnportant to tho student of human naturej for they help to cxplain tho carcor of o remark- able womau, excoptional by traits of heart and of miud. Blio was aa notable for lovo of truth and for what she decmed the right, and for courago in conforming conduct to apinfon, as shio waa for rare intclicetunl gif(n, Sho delicd Jaw and custom, and yet preserved the respoct and allection ofu multitude of hionorablo wien and women, Waa alio an anomaly or but a type mado prominent by the circumstunce of unusual strength of will and of genlus? Theso papers, which are informal In nt{lc be- teay to us such significant particulnrsas bal tho author was fond of ruwr‘y and willingly gave hours of the day and nl;i i to the luxuryof nlm- Jess meditation that she had an jutense affec~ tlon for children, and was touuerl{ patient and Judicious in hor method of tralning those who cams under her care; that sho waa glven to the study ot Natural listory, cspecially of Botany, and,” fu hor long daily walks fu the vieluity 0 Nobant, was invariubly sccompanted h(y [3 prech ran, hfl’ o leather s owers oud plants, n Maurice was equipped with neta ‘or capturing and preserving inscets. [y hu:lt:‘lrv disclplined, carucst, and turo w (liscloses (tself in theso pages, and, judged without possession, attructs by its tin box hun, rejudice or pro- octionate and elo- vated tone, BPIRITUALISM,. THE PIENOMENA OF SPIRITTALISM SCIEN- TIFICALLY EXPLAINED AND EXPOSED, By the Rev. Awa Mauay, D. D., Flrat Presldent of the Oberlin Collego, Obio; Author of **Hclence of Intelloctunl l'hllcm&hfi“ otc., etc. 12mo., gg {n:!l. Now York: Daraes & Co. Frico, For the past twenty-five years Dr. Mahan has becn investigating, as oppurtunity seryed, the phenomena ot socalled Bpiritualism, Ilo has spproached tho subject with honest jnquirics, and applied teats ln the scarching and judiclal manver practiosd by Belenes, The result of his experiments fa . souvictlon that tho property common to all obfects, ealled the Odylic Foree, 18 the cauee or gource of tha phenomenn of Mes- merdstn and of Clatrvesance, and of all the man- ifestations produced by Spieftual medtumswhich are ot referablo to Lio arts of necromancy and slcight-of-hand. Ho explalnn his theory with great partlcutart- l¥,-<lel ning the characteristica of Elcetrieity, Magnetlsm, and Antmal Magnatism, the proper- tiea of Odylte or Pryehie Force and its relatfons to the phictiomenns tnder conalderations and cit- ingn Jarge number of the physfeal and intel- lectual manifestations of Splritualism In fllus- tration of his }ypothesin, ~ 1i{s clucidation of tho mystery of” Spiritusl demonstrations s nearly Mentlenk with that of Mra. Falrfield, whose able little Gopk, giving the history of ten years’ experiches with Apiritual mediums, was published two years or 80 ngo, Tha _serviccableness of Dr. Mahan’s work would hayo been {ncreased had ho condansed jt into two-thirds Its preeent space, and uscd a tnore orderly method in its arrangement, CA! HA THE CARLYLE ANTHOLOGY. Sclected and Ar- ranged, with tha Author's Banction, by Enwann iexxxrr, 12mo., pp. 380, Yow York: Henry 1lolt & Ca. 5% > This compilation of chofce passages from tho writings of Carlyle may sorve a uscful purpose in attracting now readers to one of the fow original authors of our century, Rough-cut Jowels of thought flash from many a nichio and ‘plane surfaco In these paragraphs, and zerve to tint tho riches and grandeur of Carlyle's genlus. And yet ous thoroughly acquainted with the treasurcs of wisdom {nclosed in his volumes, and with the magical effects of thelr splendor Lreaking through a geanite matrix hallt, it a geim humor, of the hardest and eragelest phrase- ology, wil) scarcely bo content that any bricf selections severed from thelr context should be taken o8 n just ropresentation of the work of the great master, A singlo uninutilated essay like that upon * Burns,” or ono of the papers com- Vrlncd I “Hero-Worshlp," or, better atill, “Sartor Resartus,” »She noblest of Carlyle's creatfong, would conyey a full filea of the nu- thor's method ond Ability. It would afford & {fair basis for a correct judgment. Nevertheless, we doynot mean to say o dis- couragin word of thip present collcetion, Let {t do all {t can _to wit prosclytes to the grand creed, that wholesomd, helpfil work fs the pucmi duty imposed oa mankind, and that the rewanrd to be sought is not lm[mlnas hut bless- edness, * There {8 in ann o KIGHER than Love of Iluppinesa: hie can_do without Huopploess, | aud Instead thercof find Blesscdness!” POLTRY, THE SKELETON IN ARMOR. Dy Jesny W, LoNarertow. With llosteations. " Equare Oc- tavo. Doston: James i, Osgood & Co, Price, &5, Olf1 WHY SIIOULD THE SPIRIT OF MOR- TAL BE PROUDY By Witnian Kyox. Designa by Mirs L. B. Huyritaey, Engraved by Jonx Axpurw & Sox, Square 12mo., Boxtol e s Shepard, Pl 2 2. Longfellow's fine puem of *“The Skeleton in Armor” lms been treasurcd In an elegant caslict by its ndept publishers, The design of the book Is artistic {n its entire conception. It is simple yet rich, and'liirmonious In the ecnti- ment of all {ts detalls. % Each stanza, printed in German letters, is framed In an illuminated border and set upon w page of the heaviest laid paper. making altazethor an exquisite pleture. Interspersed“among the leaves ary full-pago engravings’, completing the Rlus- tration’ of the texi. Tho covers inclos- ing the whole adher, in the figures and cemblems stamped upon them, to the character of the work, and ndd tqjhe Influonce of {ts sig- nification. Tho book Is \'pocm set o the musfe- al straing of Longfcltow. Measrs. Lee & Shepard have produced in i minislied form, and with tess costly appliances, o soewhat sfimilar effeet, in the publication of thic favorite sonir, ** Ohl (Vhi' Should tho Spirit of Mortal Be Proud?”” The lines of this popu- lar Iyric ara sulemn and sweot, aud merit the distfnction of a volume to themaclves. Tho desizns heading the several stanzas are graceful and expressive, and the accessurics added by printer and binder are fn pleasing congruity, i STORIES AND SKXETCITES, TALES FROM TWO IIRMISPIIERES, By Hiar- At Ilzonmit Bovesey, Author of ** 4 elc, 18mo., pp. 283, Doston: Jam f\)ml & Ce SEASHORE ANDPRATRIE. DyManvy P. Trarcu- 18mo., pp. 280, Doston: James R, Os- good &Co "The lalf-dozen stories called *‘Tales from Two Hemisphieres,” by T2, IT Boyescn, are a scrics of prose Idyls, vnting ho clement of puro poetry except a rhytlinle irrangement of the language. The autlior has:acquired such control over the English, thcugh o forelgn tongue. that In his hands it s tho inost elustic and flexible of instruments, With delightful a30 ho causes L1t 1o cxsresy the mosd deilata shades of meatitugg, and always In cadences that have tho soft, zliding moyement of music. The theme of Jus stories {s gonerally sud, as though the cold skies, and dark pines, sud bald rocks of his nutive land had infected his soul with n haunting melancholy, The miscellaneous sketches by Mary T Thatcher are gracefully written, . They combine ictures of Inviting scencs on the Eastern soa- Poard ami Wostorn pralrio, brict talos and legends, und chutty talks about current natters of Interest. ‘Tho book isn good one to sllp in the pocket for a truveling companion. A MILITARY WORK. DATTLES OF TIlE AMERICAN REVOLUTION: 17751781, _Iisroutical, AXD Miritany CRiTi- c1as, Wit TOrounaAriteAl ILLIRTRATION, Dy Henny B, Canminerox, M, A, LL. 1., Caloncl Unijted Statos Al’mlg. Professor of Military Sci- anco and Dynamic Engineering, Wabaah College, State of Indfana, Unlted Slates of Awmerica, ‘Izqgum Bvo., 712, Chicago: A. B, Durnes ; Co. As o manuat for military students this work scems to Lo particularly adapted, although fts nuthor expresses the hope that It may prove ottractive to tho general reader. It smbodics a good deal of rescarch among the historical annals of the American Revolution, and a puins- taking effort to explain tho tactics employed on hoth sides in the varlous engagements thut befell during the war, aud to criticise r;nlrlf' thy abflity displayed by the commanding ofllcors, The work 15~ sbundantly supplied with maps and plans of battle-tields and the region sur- ronnding. Aun fmpediment in the way of the populur uso of tho book §s its forced, pedantle style. It demands the cxpenalture of moro uralu-power to comprehend ity shnplest sentences thun the average individual Isablo to oxert; and we speak Wwith u full realizatlon of the quick wit of the American people, HT. NICHIOLAS, BT, RICHOLAS: Scntoxrn's 1Ltustiaten dMAda- 2INE yor GinLg aND Bota. Conducted by Many Maves Dopag, Vol 1L, —Novenber, 1875, to November, 1670, Bqusre 8va., pp, 807, New Yoek: Scrlbner & Co, 1t docs not matter at what page ono opens this magazine, the eye s suro to be caught by somu spirited pleture, full of actton and life, and telilug its atory of mirth or pathos so viv- {dly that it needs no help from words, It one were to declure ofthand what [s tho most notable featuro of the St. Nicholas, the decislon would undoubtedly be in favor of the illustrations, which aro rémarkabis_for thelr orfiinality and raphic ex‘)ressluu. Yet, fing a8 tho engrav- fixga are, o little examination shows that the lit- erary contents of the work are of an_equally highi order. Tho best authors ia our land aro cngaged in the effort to insure the greatest varioty nnd excellence in the articles $1ling cach number; ana It uoed not bu sdded that thelr ef- fort is crowned with success. ‘Tha &t Nicholus ahould bn taken in every family whens there ure Mttle folks, for there fsno child’s magazing in the wide world that go ndmu-uhly(ululfa 1ta pur- pose, —— DICKENS" WORKS. TOE ADVENTURES OF OLIVER TWIST, Ty Guauvgs Dickene, With Steel:Plats 1liustra- tlons, 19m0., pp. 438, New York: llurd & Houghton., CHIISTAIAS DOOKS, By CnAntes Dickexs, Tn Ong Yolume. With Sicel-Plate 1llustrations, 12mo,, pp. 412, Now York: liurd & doughton, These volumes aro samples of au extretely neat editlon of Dickens' works. The paper fa creamn-tinted; the typo clear and pleasunt to tho oyes; tho {llustrations by Crulksbaak, Johin Leoch, and others; and the bindiug in plain muslin cloverly slnulating morocev, The sec- ond number einbraves the five Christmas storlcs, The Cricket on the icarth, Thoe Curlstinas Carol, The Chimes, The Battlo ot Lifs, and the Haunted Mun, Inthis beautiful form the novels of Dickous will meet with cspoclal faver umong tho boliday-books, , ———— TRAPPING, THE COMPLETE AMERICAN TRAPPER; on, Ty Taicks ap THAFIING AND TRAT-MAKING, 's REPOSITORY, %, Fully Ilustrate 300, New Y Prs Mr, Gibson's book hasa sound claim to the term *Complete.” Every sort of trap and snare that could be davised for the deludon and capture of wild animals appears to havg a place 1n 14, and a clear, full description of thomanuce of making and workiog it. Thero arc, in ad- dition, directlons for camp-1ife In the wilies with advice ns to outfit and peneral manaze- ment, The ook {3 neatly published, and con- tains s multitude of finely-executed woodcuts. A NOVEL PLAN, “Wild Edgerton' (Brock L. McVickar) has adopted a novel plan for publishing the poems which have met with popular success from time to time during the last few ycars. o lssues them slngly cvery wock to subscribers st the rate of 10 cents a week, very handsomely print- e} and, at tho close of tha year, will present |;x‘cm inan clegaut bound volume without extra charge. BOOKS RECEIVED. TRIESTIIOOD IN THE LIGHT OF TIE NEW TESTAMENT. Tug CoNoneoatioNAL-Uniox Lrctenrron 1870, Dy E.MeLLex, D.D. 12ma. , op. 423, New York: A. B. Barnes & Co. rice, $4. BELECTED POEMS. By Rarrit Watoo Exen- soxt. New and fevised Editlon. 18mo. rwa. 218, tloston: Jamea 1t. Osgood & Co. I'rice, 81,50, THE INTERNATIONAL BCIENTIFIC SERIES. TUE THEORY OF SOUND IN IT8 RELATION TO MUSIC. Dy Prof. Pizrno Braseisa, of the Royal University of Iiome. With Numerous Wood Cuta, 12mo., pp. 187, New York: atn, A{l{letnn & Co, LEISURE-1I0OUR RERIES, NONLESSE OBLIGE. Dy the Author of **Mile, Mori," 10mo., pp. B0 ow York: Honry Hok' & Gor brlce, $1.25, PERIODICALS RECEIVED, ATLANTIC MONTHLY for Decemher (H. O. lloughton & Co., Doston)., Contenta: **The American,” XV.:'XVE, by Henry James, “Vinterindes,” by Thomas Bailey **Municipal ]nfluhwdnel!:x" by l!hnrlrr alo 423, “tithe Canvamsar's Tale,” by Mark Twal ++ City Windo by Edgar Yawcetts ¢ Colorado Rond," by {f. il3 *‘Too_Flne for by ~Helen Darron DBostwlck; 1 Doronda: A L'anvernav.lmn,“ by lienry *The Tiver Raldivyir, ™ by John O, " by &, W. De oneip, " XVIL, by *Ganlon' Statren,™ Ly Maurico Thompon; **Blr Willlam T'hips' At- . tack on Quebec, ™ by Francis Parkiaop; ** Chare acteriatics of the Internatlonal Fair,'' V.4 *¢ An (e for the Fourth of Joly, 1876," b‘y James lllln;(ull lfinl'e": **Recent lllerlmre;' AR, GALA! for December (Bhelilon & Ca., Now York), Contonia: *“Sadeap Violetw Chaptors XL,, XLL, XL and XLIIL, by Willlam Black; . “rAftor Long Years, " by Wililam Wiatar: **'The Story of Anpaala, by George Lowell Austln; “¢1.a Cure, " by Amalfo La Forge; **People and Pictures at the. Falr,” by “Titus 'Munson Cosn} +iThe site of Constantinople, ! by George F. Tler= i The Fall of Leaven, ™ by Georgs ilongi- fon; **Lrof. Hoftinann's *Folly,"" by dohn Dan- “'A Chupter in the lilstory of Art in metlcs," by George C. Maron; **Mocaulay, by A, M, Guerpey: **Laborare’ est Orare," by Mrs. 31, L., Dickinson: **Orental Legends: ltosy Morn ond the Gold Mines of Klam, ™ by Fannio Toper Feadge; **Mutual Ciiticle “Giettyn. burgs Reply to Gen. Howard," by ten. Wintield 8, Hancoc i for Tot, ™ by Fran. " by Phlitp Qullibets ific Miscollany;* ** Current Literaturo;™ ++ Nebulw. " Dy the edltar, LIPPINCOTT'S MAGAZINE for December (1. B. Lippincott & Co., Philadelphin). Contenta: T Contuey s 1A Fruita ond Its Festival (Cune cluding Paper)—Detached Exhibite, "' by Edward C. Biriice: ** Walks ond Visits in Wordsworti's Country ¥ (Concinding Paper), by Ellis Yamalls “¢Tho Marquis of Lowsie," Part IL., by George Macdonald;. ** Ceramic Art at the Kxhibition. ™ by Jennlo.J; Young:, **low tho Widow Croseod o Lines: An Eplvod of theitcbollion, » by tte- Teeea liarding Davis; **Bmoke, by Charics do Kay; **Letiers from’ South Afrles," No. Lady Darker; ** Luvo fn 1dlenass, ™ Part V.. by Fllen W, Oltloy; **Tartar Love-Song, " by Wal- iers A Qhostly Warning: & Truo by Ethel C. Galo: **Our Monthly Gos- -(1\):" *+7.{terataro of the Day." CATHOLIC WORLD for Decernber (Catbolic Pab- Iishing Houes, New York). Contents: **The Unitarian Conferonce at Sarutogas" ' S1x Sunn, Montha:" **Mivart’s Contemporary Evolution:" ++ o Devil's Christmas QI ¥Slenas” *Sir Thomas Moare;” **Testlnony of the Catacomba ta Prayors for the Dead and the Invocation of Hafnty;" *+On Our Lady'a Deaths™ ** Amld Irish . young Irishwoman to Ingelow's Poems:'t ¢“New Publications, " LIBRARY-TADLE for November (Henry L. Hin- ton & Co , New York). - PHRENOLOGICAL JOURNAL for December (8. 1. Wells & Co., New York). LITTELL'S LIVING AUE~Cnrrent numbers (Lit- tell & Goy, Doston). FAMILIAR TALK. ERCKMANN-CHATRIAN. The new comedy * L'Aml Fritz,” which has been nceepted by the Theatre Francals, lias aroused a fierce spirit of opposition among the Bonapartlsts, on account of the natnes of ts su- thors, Erckmann-Chatrian. This violent ani- mosity has valled out a letter from Edmond About to the London Athencum, in which he gives a pleasant sketch of the twvo writers whose buolia ure favorsbly kuown to Euplisn-speaking people us well as to thelr own countrymen. About pays a generous tribute to the talent and the moral worth of the assalled authors, for both of whom lie cherishes an honest friendship. Emile Erckmunn, the elder of thic confrercs, wns born in Phalsbourg in 1522 Ilis mative town Is littde more than n garrison-post, and all {tshistory isuf a military character. Amongthese unlgue assvciations thie boy grew up, received s education at the College of Phalsbourg, and applled Limselt to the study of the law. s father was aemall tradesmin, combining the sale of books with that of ,i-'mcmu. and made a comfurtable living from his husiness. Alexandre Chatrian s a_pative of Lorraine, where he was born in the Villago of Saldaten- thal, near Phalebourg, In 1820, " He fstho de- scendant of a famlly of ;rvlnssm!uwcrs and fol- Towed the same trade in Tils youth. Having n distaste for thia yovation, he abtained u position a8 usher {n'the Phalsbourye Colleize, and there made the acquaintance of Erckmanun, A strong friendship wos contencted between tho twos and in 1848, nt which time the one was_sged 2 and the other 23, they established at Strusboury o negnhll:—-m Journatealled the Patriotedu Rhin, At about the enme period they produced a Jolnt dramn, entitled “L'Alsuee en 114" The play was brought ont at the Strashoure theatre, but was interidieted by the Censorship after the see- ond performance, ‘Their journal perished for lack of subscribers, and the young ltterateurs then went to seek their fortune in Paris, Thelr first novel, *Les Brizands des Vosges," was printed in the Journal des Faits, but wis never pald fory andthe two friends, says About, mifht have dled of starvation fhad wot. the one possessed u Hitle means nnd the othern humble oscupation, Chatrian found o placc In s rallrond-ofllce, which offorded him o sslury of 1,500 franes n[]'eur. and Erckmann contfuued his rr.wucn with ilie pen. A few perlodicals were nduced to secept the storlos of the young writers, but for several years thelr productions bronght them little money or tame. Thelr tirst really suceessful work was tho novel “L'Hlustre Docteur Matheus,” published fn 1858; and this drow attontion to the hooks which followed, Thelr tales, based on the events of the Revolu- tion and the First Emplre, sustained the roputa- tion nlrcml{n ulred; whils “Tho Story of the Plebiscite, by One of the 7,500,000 Wlio Voted Yos," created o llvely sensation. The me “Lo Juif Polonals,” ndded to the popularity of the authors, who are now in the "enjoyinent of wealth and a considerable name, Chatrian stil! holds a place in the Cherain do Fer I'Lst, but it is much more lucrative than the one with which ho lwgun,“il,el\lln;; him an fncome of from 10,000 to 12, franes g year, o hus nopretty house at Raluey, and a wite and three children. Erckmann, at the ago of B, remaing unmar- ried, sud dwells with relatives §n the nelghbor- hood of Salut. Die, In tho Vosges. #Ho'ls tho best liver In the wortd,” writes About; “he adores the good wine of Alsawe, saucrkraut, lum, the cruytish of the Zorn, tho beer of Straabourg; and e gladly loses himself in the clouds thet rise from his‘pipo, What he loves, crhups, still better, [s shooting in the wooils, ungz expeditions in the mountaug, and discus- slons without end with u amall firuuu of fricnds, A moat worthy. man, in truth, s this Erck- mann; and a drall fellow, too, {10 haa docayed teeth, which gave him pain from time to tline, S0 ho had them all taken out ut onc sittings and now, with s sct of pums as fresh and rosy as an {nfant of 0 wonths old, he munches the most_solid of food and the suftest of crusts, Withhis cheeks a 1ittle hollow, kis fut chin, his Jong mustaches, and this bourgeols country- dreas, ho louks liks a Coloncl on half-pay.* Eflr.c'kmnuu aud Chatrfuwn moet but rarely now, and then it is to perfeet the schemoof gonio new work, Onco cluborated, Erckmoun puts tho slan into form, and Chatriun correctsit. The ]llll!r acts sevorely tho pait of erlucbnml, it he ctoca not approve ‘of thy writiug of Erckmanh, it is peremptorily condemned,” About states that tho patient” Erckinaon fs now composing for the third thne a story which hias falled fu the fivst two vorsions to satfsly Chatrian, o have fuw wrlters so consclontious,” con- cludes About “and I do not suppuse that you haye many. Ve have none more sincere, more uprlght, imore humaue, more zealous in defend- gz the trus ngainst tho untrue, right against might. Wo have no bettor lmtrhxu‘ it patriot~ {ani vonalsts In_denouncing the foilles of ambi- tion, deerylug falso glory, not sceking a quarrel with any ong, but wishing that a pooplo unjust- 1y invaded should defend itself to tho last.” e NUSSIAN YFOUNDLING HOSPITALS, Among the largest Foundling Hospltals in the world are thesu of St. Peteraburg snd Moscow, ‘Tho ouu u tho last-nuned clty was founded ln 1762 by Catherine II, ard Inthe fleat year of fts existence recelved soveral hundred infant inmates, To accommexlate the {ncreasing number of children annually Apply- Ing for entrance, & series of bulldings have been erected, which, for mognitude and imposing archilccture, rival the largest and fineat structures in Moscow. Bayard Taylor catimates the size of the hospital st three times that of the Capitol at Washington, and the length of Its frout at 1,000 fect. Its construction Is In every particular of the smost substantial chare acter; It walls are of brick or stone, its cor- ridors aro faced with marble or tiles, ita stalr- cases arc of {ron, and the appsratus for heating ond ventilatjon are admirably contrived. Ita mansgetment s most orderly and systemalic; and an air of cleanliness, clicerfulness, and com- fort relgns throughout. The charity of the institutlon s not limitcdto illegitimate children, but the offspring of re- spectable parents arc admitted without rescrva- tion, No information is asked with regard to the parcntege of an Infunty it is enough that It herc secks the fostering eare of the Statc. The only question put is wucther it hias been baptized, in order that, If the rite has been neglected, it may be {mmedlately performed by the pricst connected with the Hospital, Chil- dren ure brought from all parts of the Empire, even from remote Siberin and Bessarabla, and the doors of the great hulldlrx: are open night and day to reccive them. In 1857 the number of children admittea was 14,0003 and, between 1803 und 1601, 1t was 35,857, ' Within 100 years from {ts foundation tue institution had taken within fts pheltering arms about 400,000 foundlings. ‘t'he littlo ones are retalued at the Hospltal for six weeks or two mounths, and are then sent Into the country, where they are rearcd in private famillea untfl old enough to be put in schools, Avout one-third of the children recelved die in {n- fancy; andyet this death-rate is much lower than that amony; Russinn iufants carcd for at home, A vursg s provided for cacth chlld {n tho Hoaple tal, and her wages are about $50 & year, In ad- ditln o boatd and lodging. At the {ime of Bayard Taylor's vielt, there were 1,200 bables in thé nursery and 1,200 nurses. The expense of malntaining this tnmenso_nstitution amounts to 85,000,000 auntnlly, aud tho management of it 1s given Into the control of sutuc great noble- man or distiny lied person. ‘Tne foundiligs are regarded as children of the Btate, aud it provides for thelr education sod truins them for a condition of usefulucss, One department of the Hospital s uvpmgrfll:‘lwd to the orphaus of Governinent offlcers, ¢ boys of this better ciass are cducated to some profca sion, and the girls to hecomo teachers and gov- erncsses. If mny amonyg them manifeat talent in o particular direction, ft 1s given opportunit; for & full developrueut. The common found- lings are tralned to various Industries, and many of them eoter the army, or are established as colonists on vacant crown-lands, The system prevatling at the lying-in hospital Isbased on as generous a plan as ihat of the main fnstitution. All women are reccived without questlon or reserve and are admitted a month before confinement, aud retatned until well Those who wish to conceal their identity nre carefully protected from observation, Many wives of poor men, and even of those {n cowns fortable circamstances, tuke advantage of this opportunity to save themselves trouble and ex- ]xcuse. When restored to health, they are at iberty to efther luayo orto carry away, thelr infants; and they may remain, if "they eloose, and take the place of nurses to thetr ‘own ofl- spring, recelving the usual pay accorded to one of the regular etafl. Parents are allowed to visit theirchfidren nt stated intervals, and may reclaln them at any tine. The Foundliug Hospital at St. Petersburg wos established in 1772, It exceeds inextent thint of Moscow, and §ts buildings cover twenty-cight acres of ground in the heart of theelty, It fa divided into four departinents, comprising the nursery; twelve country districts, to whicli the children are sent to be educated; a elty hospital for the crippled and jocurable; and o country fnstitution for legitimate children. In 1850 it punually received 7,000 foundlings. Ten years later 80,000 were annuatly received at this and the Moscow Hospital, 'Tho fostitution at St Petersburg employs npward of 500 teachers, and s corps ot 5,000 nurses, servants, and other functiovaries. The cost of the education of the children 13 more than #1,000,000 per year, and the property devoted to the nup‘pun of this aud the Mogeow Houspttal {s above €5,000,000. In considering the moral fufluence of an In- stitutlon llke theee described above, tho fact nust be taken futo the account that the crimea of fietielde and Infanticide are unknown in Rus- sla, It must also be rumembered that the chil- dren of respectable parenta swell the number of those recelved at the Hospitalaof St. Petersburg and Moscow, SPARKS OF SCIENCE. TIIE STREN. The Inscets of the genus Sirer deposit thelr . cogs in Mving wead, whleh they perforate with stout, horny nwl or suger termivating the abdo- men. The female of tha Sirez glgas bores a hole about the size of & quill, and a half-inch In depth, for the reception of her eggs. The stem of the fir or the plue ls chosen as the home of her prozeny; and, In places whers the Inscct abounds, its effect upon the forests fa very dam- aging. Aswoon ns the larve leave the shell, they begin burrowing [n the body of the tree, cuttiug with thelr etrong juws channels In every directlon, As the Insect passes o cousidernble perlod in the larval state, the fnjury which it inflicts Is very great, It often destroys the 1ife of the tree, and so rlddles it with tunncls that the timber Is worthless, When the Sira is ready to leave the lurval state, It works its way near to the surfuce of thy tree, and'there undergoes the transformations from which It eruerges aperfect Inscet. It now ents through th thin wall inclosing Its burrow, und appesrs In the outer air fitted with wings, and prepared to complete its existonce fn the reproduction of 18 Khid. n its perfost state, the $irez 18 o handsomo ingcet, nearly ns lorgeas n hornet, aud with much of the Took of u wasp. It has wide wings, a black and yellow body, and a_long ovipositor, and meusures an fnch and threc-quarters fu length, Often the larv of the Sirez are con- ceated In timber; and, when this bus been used in bullding houses without being properly sea- soned, the fnscets find thelr way out la due time, puzzling and sometimes frlghtening the fumuates by thelrunexpected advent. Dr. Wood states thut e has known the Strez to appear in such numbers {n the apartments of a house as actually to drisethe lnlabitants from it, through fright at the feroclous alr its oviposition gives tho wasp-like creatiire, The Sirez Columba fs an American specices which Joves the elm, buttonwootl, and other trees, Mr. Hurrls relates that ho has eecn the females busy ut thefr borings fn- th manths of July, August, snd the carly part of Beptember, Sometimes the fnseet drives her auger so tight into the wood that she Is unable to extrieate it und s0 miscrably perishes. Several speciea of fchneumon-llies” prey upon tho larvie of tho Slrer, thrusting their slender nugers fnto tho burrows whers the grubs ie, and {nserting thelr cga tito tho hodles of thele victins, which eventually are consumed by the young febmeu- mons. ‘The larvie of the Sirex are capablo of gnawing through metal with thelr strong mundibles, While the French lnm'n wero in tho Crimea, in 1854, the lenden balls contained in certaln nackets of cartridges were found perforated by hiese creatures. On examination it was discov- ered that the larvio were scecreted in the wood forming the boxes In which the cartridges wers acked, nud, eating their way out of the wood, iad penctrated the envelopes of tho cartridizes, and finally tunncled the balls themacives. In some¢ of * the gallerics In tho wetal the inscets “wera - stlll ot thelr work. In n report on thls subject, M. Dumerll vited severs! unatogous cases, One was brought ta the notles of tho SBoclete Z oulngl«}uu in 1814, when samples of cartridges from the arsenal of Turin were exbibited, ‘Tn which the balls wero perforated to the dethof o quarter ot an fnels. ‘Tho cartridees had been placed in barrels of lurch in which the larve of the Sires hiad mado tunnels. M. Hode writcs to Dingler's Journal that ho s observed tho borings of the Sirez in the lead- chambers in lulllhurhfllchi worke, The fusccta were burrowlng In the l;"m used forthe outer walls of the leadt-chumbors, and, mueting the Tead §n the courae of thelr mcanderiugs, puct- ura it with o perfuctly round hole. Tho sheets of metal were threo aud five o, thick, and, when the Insect had cut it entirely through, the! wmru of vourse kfiled by the fssuing vapor sud acld. TIIE EPEIRA. Harduwicke's Seclence-Gossip contalns somo In- teresting notes on the hablta of the Epelra,—a commen, web-making spider, well known by its globylar body, The writer relatus, amongother incidents, that be onco saw & small spidor of the genus Linyphla or Nercine drop into thedomiclie olan Ejeira, when tho latter rushed out of ita rotreat at onasfde of the web, snd camo down upon the Intruder with tigerish veloclty, Unox- pectedly §t met more thau fts match {u° the ate -tack, for tho lttle fellow It meant to slaughter, with a sudden leap fustened upon one of its fore-legs with a bull-dog grasp, and sank & palr of polsoious fangs into it, The wounded Epeira made uo efort to Aght back, but beut all ite energles to the rescua of 1 enemy’s hold. When this was accom n'.?;'i'a.‘ff the end of a few seconds, it fled to l’u corner and began 4 awlft oxammation of tho malmad { member with ita palpl, fal labim,—tho ;. movements belngp. 100 ;:ln'ck"}ar b’a 'z’;‘ll: ! server o nota which. says tho writer, I b reeslon that 1t was tryin rom the wound; but _fixdxo of my surprise . when I saw It pull the polsonied limb oat of fts - socket and cast It away, On F(cklng’ up thelea, I could see a small globuie of poison glistenloy on ths'plm where the small spider had n.E ened.” " Thig remarkablo surgien! operation fm dicated great ierolsm on the part of tho ampue tator, and llkewiso no small degreo of reason o8 * instinet, It must have known that Iife was en~ dangered by the retention of the polsoned lim! and may nlso have known that anru wou}a supply another when necesalty compelled it to part with oue of its organs of locomotion. The same writer remarks that ho has observed the Epeiralaying up a storo of food in its cocoony for the nourishment of Its young. In one fie stanco he found a half-dozen Tarvio-shells of the house-fly in a cocoon, The young spiders were just ready to leave the cnse, and thore was small bolo In each shell, through which the sube atance of the larva lind heen extracted, doubts leas sorving as food for the infant spidera. In the pursuit of his study of the Ejeira, the observer {nvented a means of rcm{crlnz the fine, Iuvisible webs of the young apiders mani- fest to the eye, and also of securing coples of them, **Observing, one day in April last, n wins dow-pane covered with small aplders fust oud the cocoon, and belng unable to aco any webs, cven with an ordinary pockct-lens, they were s@ fine and free from dast, the thought occurred to me that, it tho webs could be dyed some volor, it would render them visible, and thea the cxact form of tho clrcles could Lo seea. Others, examining them at the same time, thonght that there were no webs, but that the spiders were all suspended by thin threads. reathing upon them, however, produced s vi- bration in the spiders, and this convinced rae that ench was occupying the centro of an clastée and invisibic web, and 1 at once began to try it they could not be dyed.”” ‘The matter was se- complished by the usc of a steam spray-inhaler, into the vialof which some anfline bluo was in= troduced, Tho splders were made, by & fow puffs of tobacco-smoke, to vacate their rn:m- isce, and then the ""'(‘fl ‘was showered all over the web, rendering it uUnc:,:Iv visible, Sheets of white paper being afterward branght gootly into contact with tio web, a. perfect impression , - ‘was sccured. ; ¥ s — A BENSIBLE PLACARD. The French Minister of ¥inance has coused te be posted In the crossways of the forestal do= malns a placard which it would be wise for the citizens of all countries to have before thelr eyes: MINISTRY OF AGTICULTURE, ~ placed under the protection ;‘t‘ gn:)rdh ll:m'l‘:.fl;dd& “Hedgehog—Lt 1 jedgehog—Lives on mice, =mall rodents, slugs, and grabs, —enimals hurtfal to agricaltare. e Farmaatt '?.:K't destroya from t — Farm-aaslstant: destroys from twen! thirty {nsects an hour, Don't T e toad, ey 1@ Alole—1s contlnually destroying grubs, larve, almer-worins, and fnsccts Injurious to agrical- ure. No trace of vegolation i ever found in.ita. , mm:‘ch. Does more good than harm, Don't kilf ole e, JMay-Ling and Its Lorta or Grub—Mortal cnemy of agriculture; lnys from scventy to elghty eggs. KIll the May-Ding. rtment loses sovornl mililont annually throngh Insects, Dinis aro tho only eno- mies blo o contend sgainat them victorlooaly, The{uu the great caterplllar-killers and agricul- . :anrnnu asslatants. Chlldren, don't disturb thely Children will be pald 25 centimes for every 50t° M:fl;flnp placed :E the hands of tho gardo~rr=,h-p petre, 2 LONGEVITY OF EELS. An Inquirer, In one of the English sclence Jjournals, wisbes to know the supposed longevity of ecls, Il has hiad o spccimen of the commor sharp-noscd cel (Angullla acutirostris) in an aqua rium for above twenty years, and bus a desire to penetrate into the future, and-learn how much Jonger he may expeet to retain the ank mal. It scens to posscss extraordiuary vitality, AN s a8 Hivcly at tho aate f writhug as over 1t war, notwithstanding jt has frequently crept out of the aquarlum at n|{zht in ytars pust, and & been pieked up dry and stilf on the hnn ftuor fn 2 the morning. Iis meals, too heve been exe tremely frregular, and yery little nttention hay been pald toits dlet. When it docs get o mor- sl in the way of a worm, it _retlres beneatly the shinglo In the aquarlum, aud there Hes quictiy for 4 day or two, until the process of digestion 16 completed. The poar worm fu thways sieul: lowed hicad first, and, after it has reovlist the stomach, fta writhings ean plafuly be scen through'the transparent tlssues of the eel. The lutter animal {8 twenty Inchies long, and welphe only two and one-half ounees; yet 1t wiil dis pose of uworm elght or nine futhes in leneth . Iy ANTIQUITY OI' TIIE WORLD. G At the first annual sesslon of the Liverpoot Ly Guologienl Soclety, which oceurred fn Octobier, tho retiring Tresident, Mr. ¥. Millard Rendo E read a paper treating of the yearly umount ot solld matter removed from the surface of Eue gland snd Wales by rain, or. ruther river-water, By elaborate caleulations the writer estimated p that it would require 13,000 yeara to remove une L foot from the whole aurface in the way in- dicated. The caleulations were compared with others showlng the denudation of the greal & rver-basins_ of . Europe, viz.: the Rhing, . T Rhone, ond Danube, From theso estiniater Mr. Reado deduced tho conclusion that the : minimum amount of timo which has elapsed 2% since tho tiret known sedimen rocks were deposited 18, fo round numbers, ,000,000 of yeors., 'This conclusion Larmonlzes 'with tho tews of Lyell, Hutton, and others, ns lo thy great age of tho world, BIRIEF NOTES. During the laat ten years tho bridges bullt {a this country are estlmated to havo cost §150.- 000,000 Up to March, 1875, over £3,000,000 had been s spent {n malntalning the British Muscum, and X 41,070,000 in purchases. P The Ornithology of Heligoland fs speedily to be published by Mr. Gathe, o German naturalist of distinction, An English translation will np~ pear simultancously with the German edition. he Island of Heligoland, lylng in the North Hea, 18 one milo long, threo-fourths of a_mila wide, and three miles fn clrcumference. Small a8 it 18, it i3 the resort of many birds, and a ro- port upon its Ornithology will' be Intercsting. A bronze status crected to_the memory of H. C. Oersted,the discovercr of Eloctro-Magnetism, wns unvelled on tho 25th of October, in the Ercnuucn of tho King of Denmark, the Klngo! . reoce, the Crown-Prince of Denmarlk,-and o ! large ansembly of officlal, learned, and sclentific il men. Ocrated was born 101777, and died in 1851, > 1Iis great discovery was mado in 1819, and first published In a emall Latin punphlet in 1821, Dr. Royston Plgott mentfons a couple of ex- . amples of extraordinary acuteness of viston. Inone c.m:i a Pcr&on unacquainted with the ox- . istenco of Jupiter's satellites dotected thresof ¢ them with the naked eyo; and thelr position, ' which he drew upon paper, oxactly covreapond- 2 ed with that viewed through tho tclescope. In tho sccond {nstance, an indlvidual distinguished, at » distanco exceeding hal s mlle, two children ascendirg the sunny side of a Lill, and was able Y to tell tho color of their jackets, A good opera= + glass verifled hls sight, “The same person could ks see bullet-marks at 500 yards. o A correspondent of tho London Garden gives [ the following deseription of a Elfnuuc fuchsia & growing in Valontia, Ireland; belleve that \ at this moment it Is ono of the flnest aights in the shrub wn{ that can bo seen. 1t monsures Just 148 teot three fnchos round thu extreme tip of its brunches, and would have been considera- bly larger hud it not bocn stopped at_one siia to form {tInto an arch to cross uver awalk. The south gide of {t 18 one blaze of nost beantiful blossoms,—a vondition in which {t has been for - gomo thne, It 8 now cxoctly twenty-two yeurs o sineo it was planted, and turing " that ‘time - nothing whatever hias been done to fuither ita i i growth. It has simply been left to itself.” % By a recont cenpus of tho school-childron in Ny Prussin it appears that fafr halrand blug cyes arg . characteristics of tho German roce. Out of 4,197,760 children veported, 4207 per cent had v bus eyes, and 34,61 per cont had brown eycs; s T3 per cent had blonde hadr, 20 per cent browy and 1.21 por cent Llack halr; only 8.53 per veo! had brunctte comploxion. In Buvaria the re- porta show 13 per cent brunette L‘OIIIYII:KIOILE L35 er cent black halr, 41 per cent brown hair, aud 1 { per cent fair bair. From this It 1s argued that the darker complexions in Germsuy coma ) from the south. Contrary to expoctation, I8, was _found that nearly one-third of tho Jewish children aro falr, : K X CHANGE, 'Tha tide goos out, And the tide come in} Frawm good fows joy,— ¥ ¥rom evil, sin{ And the seasons change, And tho days go by The world moves on, ‘With song and sigh; And o to-day, Though kingly proudy 0k May sloep tho morrow Wrapped iu shroud, Caicago, Novambur,