Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, September 17, 1876, Page 4

4 THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 17, 1876—SIXTEEN PAGE @ye Tribune, TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. €AYABLE IN ADVANCE—TPOSTAGE PREPAID AT TRIS OFFICE. Dally Edition, postpatd, 1year. $12.00 Fartsof a year, permonth 100 100 fatled 10 any address tour Weeks éns%d:y Edition: Literary and kel v Sheet 3 Tri-Weekiy, postpaid, 1year. 8.0 TS of 8 Yekr: per Taon, 0 WEEKLY EDIT] One copy, per year. $ 130 Club of Bve % Clubof twent Postage prep: Specimen copies sent free. To prevent delay and mistakes, be sure and give Post- Offce address in full, {ncluding State and County. Remittances may be made either by draft, express, ‘Post-Office order, or i registered letiers, at our risk. f 7ERMS TO CITY SUBSCRIBERS. Dafly, deltvcred, Sunday excepted, 25 ceats per week. Daily, delivered, Sunday included, S0 cents per Week Agdress THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Corner Madison 2nd Dearbern-sts.. Chicago, It e BOCIETY MEETINGS. CHICAGO COMMANDERT, Xo. 19, K. T,—Stated Contran Mondag evening, SETL. 16, &t 7:30, for bust- B o e B arder ot the . G A e T ROWBRIDGE, Eecorder. SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 17, 1876. =5 D At the New York Gold Exchangs on Satur- day, greenbacks were steady at 90} cents on the dellar. \ They had a Centennial celebration in New York City yesterday, which was the hun- dreth anniversary of the Battle of Harlem Plains. The celebration was participated in by the famous Seventh Regiment and other military organizations. The oration was de- livered by a grandson of Jomx Jay, of Revo- lutionary fame. Many distinguished citizens of other States were present. As time goes on, Mr. Moopy's tabernacle grows rapidly, and will soon be ready for the great evangelist and his new singer, Mr. Steoervs. As they are both Chicago boys, Chicago will welcome them heartily, notwith- standing that they will arrive here in the heat of the political campaign. They will come, however, at an opportune time, and will be on the ground to help celebrate the election of Haves and WHEELER with fitting rejoicings as a triumph of the right over the powers of darkness. The Democrats of the city meanwhile will have an opportunity, by attending their services, to mitigate their griefs aud end their ways. 8t. Louis, in her jealousy of Chicago, has gone and told another lie, by sending dis- patches to Chicago that Frerp, Lerrer & Co. are about to establish their main store in that city, with a branch in this city. The firm have promptly denied the assertions from that mendacious and corrupt village. It might have been expected, since the assertion was false upon its face. Of course, such a great house ss Freip, Lerren & Co. would mot think of removing their business into the suburbs of Chieago. The only result of this foolish dispatch has been to subject the firm to a great deal of trouble. Half the citizens of St. Louis are tendering their vacant build- ings for a song, and the other half are apply- ing for situations. The Chinese conundrum in California seems reaching a solution that will take it ont of politics as well a5 out of the hands of the hoodlums of the Pacific coast. The sta- tistics of the State Commissioners of Immi- gration for the last month (Augnst) show the Teversel of the tide, which may bring about that result. The total arrivalsof Chinese for the month were but 536, while the departures (by sea for the Flowery Kingdom) were 970, —noless than 400 Celestials sailing for Hong- Eongon a singlo vessel. This is the first time in the history of the State that the offi- ciel statistics have shownanything approach- ing to @ reversal of the movement of the Chi- nese; and itis hailed on the Pacific slope as a ealatary result of the anti-Chinese agita- tion, which, if kept up, it is now claimed, may yet rid the State of the Pagan pig-tails. The terms on which Turkey éxpresses her willingness to negotiate & peace with Servia incode the payment of s large war indemnity, or, in lieu thereof, an in. creased annusl tribute; the re-occups- tion of the foriresses held by the Porte previous to 1857 ; the destruction of those built by the Servians since that year; the investiture of Prince Milan st Constantino- Ple ; tho reduction of the Servain army to 10,000 men and three batteries of artillery ; and the construction of & railway sacross the Servian prin- cipality. The London ZTimes, comment- ing on the Moslem ultimatum, intimates that the Great Powers are yet to be heard from, and, if Turkey should see fit to ron counter to their ideas, she must prepare to suffer the consequences, for England ean no longer sfford to render moral aid. —— The most serions blow which Turkey has yet received comes from the London 7Times. The Porte having declined the request of the Great Powers for an armistice, the Times says: “ Although the Porte has said its 1ast words, the Great Powers have not said theirs. It remaing for them to signify, by a coliective act, what terms of peace are ad- missible, and Turkey will indeed have begun o new chapter of her history if she should resist their united counsels. Her unbending sttitude almost warrants the suspicion that, to save her own dignity in the presence of ber vassals, she is waiting for the pressure of these Powers, which, as they protest, must also command.” The additional threat of the Zimes that an autumnal session of Parliament will be called is very signifi- cant, os well as the general attitude of * The Thunderer.” Turkeéy kas svidentiy lost her best friend in losing the English people. The support of the Tory Goverament can count for nothing in view of the threat of an “au- tumnal session,” for if that session comes the Tory Government will go, After numerous weeks of comparative ““masterly inactivity in the Indian country, the clash of arms has again been heard, and victory now perches over the banner of Czoox. On the 7th thetGeneral determined to strike tents and proceed to the Black Hilla. Col. Mmzs, with a force of 150 picked men, mounted on the best horses in the command, was sent ahead to feel the W&y, and reach Deadwood for the purposeof eseorting back to the main body a train of supplies, of which they stood in need. The next day Col. Mmzs set out ©n his dangerons trip, and in the evening went into camp near Slim Buttes, about 15 miles from Cpoox’s headquarters. A few miles distant the scouts dis- covered an Indisn village of about 40 lodges, whose inhabitants were quietly lounging around their tepees, unconscious of the proximity of the Federal troops. Col.. Mnzrs determined to surprise them in the morning. At the first streak of dawn his mavaliy were booted and seddled, and in obediencs to buglecall they rushed wpon the redskins, who were taken completely un- awares. A sharp fight ensued for a few minates, in which & large number of the In- digns were killed. Among the killed was ¢ pwerican Homse.” The survivors fled to the hills, leaving behind their squaws and children, a lnrge quantity of dried meat and froit, about 200 ponies, and many trophies captured from Custer. Qur troops lost two Lilled and a few wounded. The ap- pearance of the lodges indicated that the Indians had intended to make their en- campment there for the winter. Further advices state that the hostile bands, with the exception of those under command of “Cpazy Hoese” and “ Srrrrve Buiy,” who are somewhere on the Little Missouri, will return to the agencies before snow flies. The Chicago produce markets wereless act ive Saturday, and most of them were easier, with fine weather. Mess pork closed S0c per brl lower, at $16.273@16.30 for Octo- berand §14.72% seller the year. Lard closed 10c per 100 lbs lower, at $10.223@10.25 seller Octoberand $9.22}@9.25 seller theyear. Meats were quiet and easier, st 6c for sum- mer shoulders, boxed, 8¢ for do short ribs, and 9jc for doshort clears. Lake freights were less active, at 2ic for corn to Buffalo. Rail freights were unchanged. Highwines were steady, at $1.08 per gallon. Flour was mod- erately aotive and firm. Wheat closed 1c lower, at$1.03 for September, and §1.02 for October. Corn.closed ic higher, at 45ic, for September and 4#ic for October. Octs closed jclower, at 33c cash and 32fc for October. Rye was steady at Gijc. Barley gold at 77c cash and 763c for October. Hogs closed dull at $5.90@6.40 per 100 Ibs. Cattle were dull at $2.50@5.00 for common to choice. Sheep were quiet at $2.50@4.25. One hundred dollars in gold would buy $110 in greenbacks at the close. ‘We print to-day the first of a series of let- ters from our correspondent at Baireuth,'who has been in attendance upon the perform- ances of WAGNER's * Ring des Nibelungen.” ‘With more honesty than has characterized many other correspondents, ho frankly con- fesses that the first performance of the Trilo- gy cannot but leava the critic in a state of bewilderment over the unusual combination of poetry, and music, and scenic display ; and that, zs the ordinery canons of criticism do not apply to Waeyer's work, one must ‘wait until the second performance to decide intelligently. This he has done, and in his first letter, analyzing * Rheingold,” the in- troductory work, he gives us his verdict. We commend this letter especially to our music- al readers as the fair, unbiased opinion of a skilled musical writer, and feel confident that its perusal will create a strong desire to read tho remainder of the series. WaoNER's work is not the sensation of a day, and our Teaders will therefore feel compensated for waiting by getting an analysis of it after the first excitement has died away, and a cool, critical judgment can be formed. THE IRISH IN LOCAL POLITICS. There is little doubt that the notorious Enow-Nothing coalition between the Irish and Germans, known as the People’s party, which was formed in this city about three years ago to get possession of the local Gov- ernment, was finally disrupted by the inor- dinate greed of tie Irish politicians for office. They wanted the Germansto furnish the necessary votes to secure the majority, but they wanted all the offices themselves. They possessed themselves of the Board of Alder- men, the Counts Board, and the most of the local positions to which pay is attached, but which are not on that account so lucra- tive as the unsalaried offices. The Ger- ‘mans very naturally became disgusted with such an arrangement, and partly on this ac- count and partly on account of the disreputa- ble character of the administration which re- sulted from the coalition, the combination went to pieces, and the parties locally as well as nationally resolved themselves into Republican and Democratic. But pretty much all the remains, of that coalition now in office are Irishmen. The Sheriff's office is yet under Irish dominion. Nearly all the Aldermen of the People’s party who secured re-election are Irish. In the County Board there are McCarrrey, Coxry, CamRoLy, CrEARY, LONERGAN, and MULLoY, six out of the majority of eight which has been mainly responsible for the abuses of which the peo- ple of Cook County complain. And, had it been possible to keep together the elements that combined to control the Local Govern- ment, it is safe to say that, by this time, every position outside of the judiciary would have been tenanted by some gentleman of Irish birth or extraction, while all the subor- dinate patronage would have been distrib- uted among the very frequently mot over- creditable self-constituted representatives of the different countries and families of the Emerald Isle who have chosen Chicago as their residence. Now that the People’s party is a thing of the past, and the Irish politicians have given up the hope of securing office at the hands of a Foreign Know-Nothing coalition, and the Germans for the most part have sought the Republican party as their natural affinity, the Irish politicians have returned to their first love, and again court the Democratic party for nearly all the offices to be disposed of at the approaching election. Wehave been at pains to make up a partial list of the Irish candidates for local preferment who, either ih person or through their friends, seek the nominations of the local Democratic Conventions. The list is necessarily incom- plete, and doubtless shonld be much larger, but it is large enough to give some idea of the extent to which the Irish politicians con- trol the local party organization. Here are as many as we have been able to recall : For Member of Corgress—BARNEY CAULFIELD, For Sherif—Dax O'HaBA, FRANE AGNEW, JoHN Conconax, For Recorder—Jory Coxisrey. For States Aftorney—Tox Morax and Brw O'Bries. For Coroner—Dr., QuUIBK. For Clerk Cireuit Court—. J. DooLry. For County Board—Tox CoURTNEY, Joxx SULLI- ¥aN. (Probably one dozen others. ) For the Legislature—Dexxis 'SULLIVAN, First District; Tox Haircx, Jonx McNaLir. Jaxecs DooLeY, MicDAEL GraRT, Third District; J. J. KEARNEY, JawEs EMAETT MURRAY, Lamnr ‘ourth District; M. A. DELANET, Sixth Evanses, Foreys, 0'Borexs, Ryaxs, GrLEASONS, et id genus omne, who always live in s state of delightful expectancy of any political bone that may be tossed to them. It merely enumerates those who heve secured the dis- tinction of particalar mention, and who, either directly or by proxy, are seeking nomi- nations for those places which they have made up their minds will be most congenial to them or easiest to get. From this partial enunmeraticn it may te imagined that there will be trouble in the Democratic camp if the nominations are not divided equitably. among the Irish, which means an exclusion of every other nationality. The claim of the Irish Politicians upoa the Democratic party of Chi- cago is by no means extortionate, as might at first seem to be the ecase. The fact that these same politicians control the Irish vote for the most part, and that the Demo- cratic party in Chicago would be nowhere without the Irish vote, gives the Irish politi- cians a right to demand all the offices at the hands of the Democratic party; and, in spite of the restraining influence of native modesty which is the distinguishing charac- teristic of the Irish politician, this demand is generally made and insisted upon with a considerable degree of success. The average Irish voter in Chicago is an office-seeker. Of course thers are excep- tions to the rule, as there are to all rules. But we mean that, while there are hundreds and thousands of American, German, French, Scandinavian, and other citi- zens who voto without dreaming of getting offices or desiring them, the very fact of voting to the Irish Democrat includes an office more or less remote, of a Iigh or low degree, or some part of the per- sonal benefits of our political system. Nearly every Irishman, therefore, who gains some influence among his own people looks lov- ingly upon public place, and espires to his _share in controlling the political doctrines of Town, City, County, the State, or the Na~ tion. We have no desire to depreciate this lofty ambition, but merely draw attention to it as an interesting fact. The present indi- cations are that the local Democratic organi- zation will not find any difficalty in filling their nominations with Irish candidates : the only serious embarrassment will be to find offices enough to go around, and to persuade the Irishmen to agree upon a distribution among themselves. LEGISLATIVE NOMINATIONS, We repeat to the politiciaus and party ‘manpgers that, independent and above all party considerations, the people of Chicago, at the coming election, will insist upon hon- est, intelligent, competent, and exporienced men to répresent this tax-ridden and debt- burdened community in the State Legisla- ture. It is of no use to appeal to people to vote the party ticket, when the party ticket s not fit to be voted for. The affairs of this city need the best and most experienced men, and the public will vote for these, on whatever ticket they may find them, without reference to politics. It will not do to say that a candidate for the Legislature is a good fellow, is a rising man, that he would be helped in his business, that he is respecta- ble, and a good party man ; the question is, Is the candidate experienced, and has he any interest in or knowledge of the peculiar em- barrassments, legal and financial, of the city, and the pressing necessity for legislative re- Lef? This is5 no timo for compliments. When a man is sick, he does not wanta good fellow, nor a respectable man, nor one who can make =a speech, nor a strong party man, unless he be also a com- petent and experienced physician. The City of Chicago is in sore distress, and wantsmen to go to Springfield who understand her wants, who are acquainted with all her circumstances and know the remedies needed, and it will be criminal folly to elect any other persons to represent the city. If the Republican party cannot find 16 men in Cook County of the character and fit- ness needed at this time to represent Chicago in the Legislature, then the people will se- lect the men without reference to the Repub- lican party. So with the Democrats. The people are in no temper to put up with mere machines,—men seeking their own personal gain. They ask the two parties to nominate first-class men, and whichever party will offer candidates of that class may depend upon a large popular vote which will be given forno others, no matter by what party nominated. Thereis a growing list of a very miscella- neous character of persons named as pros- pective candidates for the Legislature, and this list gives but little promise of any benefit to the city. The only remedy fora bad nom- ination for the Legislature is to beat the nominee at the polls by voting for a better man, and party conventions may as well un- derstand that that policy will be adopted by a large body of citizens of all parties. THE CITY GAS SUPPLY. The statistics of the supply and cost of gas in various American cities, which Luvs been compiled by the present City Govern- ment since the dispute between the city and the Gas Companies arose, throw but little light on the subject, being for the most part asdim es corporation gas-lightitself. Itis very evident that the charge for furnishing gas to public corporations is nowhere gauged merely by the cost of manufacture and a fair profit on the supply, for the prices vary enormously, as compared in different cities, 2nd as compared between the public corpo- rations and private consumers. Thus, for instance, the City of Cleveland peys only $L.75 per 1,000 for public consumption, while the charge to private consumers is $2.25 per 1,000; yet in Detroit, where the price has run down as low as 75 cents to a portion of the private con- sumers, the corporation pays $2 per 1,000. So in New York the range for public consumption is all the way from $28 to §50 perlamp per year. Philadelphia pays $45 per lamp per year while using seven-feet burners, while Chicago has been paying at the rate of sbout $55 per lamp, we believe, ‘while using nominally only five-feet burners. Thus there is no means of settling the con- troversy as regards a fair price for gas in this city by citing the prices elsewhere. Another reason why this rule will not apply is that Chicago is about the first city that hasstarted the reform of gas bills'in earnest. The result is that the outcome of the Chicago contro- versy will be awaited with interest elsewhere, while it is not practicable for Chicago to get help from other cities. The nearest point of comparison of any value is that St. Louis only pays $30 per lamp per year, while the private consumers have been paying $2.85, though Chicago has be:n paying nearly double that figure for city consumption, using the same size of burner, while the pri- vate consumers of Chicago have been paying but litle more than the private consumers in St. Louis. Chicago, then, must settlo this gas matter foritself. We do not believe the Council have any disposition to treat the Gas Compa- nies unfairly, but we are equally hopeful that the Aldermen will stand honestly by the rights of the people. Now, investigation has convinced the Aldermen who have had charge of the gas matters that the Compa- nies can supply the city at $1.50 per 1,000 feet. A confirmation of it was furnished by Mr. Waremys' Company, which once Propos- ed to accept these terms. It is proper, then, to insist upon this price as the ultimatum, which the Council is pledged to do by the resolution it adopted. If Mr. Warems' Company is willing to abide by it, well and good ; if 3Mr. Bouurves’ Company does mot choose to accept it, then it is better to try the oil on the new model of the student's lamp applied to street use. There will be no better opportunity for making the experiment. The people are willing to endure any temporary inconven- jence necessary to make the trial, and it may prove that as sa‘isfactory a street-light can be obtained from the use of oil at a cost of less than cne-third per lamp than that which the city has been paying for two or three years for gas, The prospect is cer- tainly attractive enough to wesrant the ex- periment. . THE CHICAGO WATER SUPFLY. Within a few weeks, perhaps & few days, the addition to the Chicago water establish- ment will be in such complete order that the whole will be put in operation, and will fur- nish one of the best, most inexhaustible, and efficacious supplies of water now enjoyed by any city on this Continent. As a protection against the extension of firo it will compare favorably with any system now in operation. It may not be amiss to explain briefly this system as now enlarged and perfected. In 1867, to meet a long pressing necessity, the city constructed a tunnel from a point on Chicéago avenue, 200 feet from the lake, ex- tending eastward at an average depth of 80 feet under the Iake to a point two miles from the shore. Here thera was a shaft sunk, over which a permanent building was erected. The water in the lake at this point was 35 feet deep. Connected at the shore end with the lake tun- nel wero constructed several immense wells, and over thesé were erected the pump- ing-works, by the force of which the water is distributed through the service-pipes to all parts of the city. This tunnel had the capacity to deliver 55,000,000 gallons of water daily; but such was the growth of the city that in a few years it became obvious that it would soon prove inadequate to the wants of the city. Then the construction of & second tunnel was ordefed. This was com- pleted and a connection made with the ounter shaft, and its general course was near and paralle]l with the original tunnel. But with aview of having a better distribution, and to give a greater force to the whole volume of water, this second tunnel was extended under the city two miles or more, in a south- ‘west direction, to the junction of Twenty- second street and Ashland avenue. At this point the buildings, wells, and machinery of the existing pumping-works were duplicated. It is this second pumping-sstablishment which will be put in operation within a few days. The first loke tunnel was of five feet diameter, the second was seven feet in diameter ; but, for some reason unknown to us, but doubtless satisfactory to the engineers, the present connection between this new tunnel and the new pumping-works is of rednced dimensions, say five feet,which fact, of course, reduces the capacity of the new tunnel proportionately. Both tunnels are availeble at the original works, and the supply there may be made 75,000,000 or more gallons daily, and at the new works the present supply will be about 30,000,000 gal- lons; or a total of water from the lake of 105,000,000 gallons of water daily. Addi- tional tunnels can be constructed at any time, the source being inexhaustible. This much relztes only to the introduction of the water from the lake. At present, un. der the demand for water on oceasions, as in extreme hot weather, and the great waste by consumers, the remote districts of the city are at certain hours of the day but scantily supplied with water, and often have none. In other districts the force is so weak that the water does not risa to the second floor. An end sought by the wide separation of the pumping establishments was to equalize this force more evenly, and to furnish all perts of the city with abundance of water and with increased force. For this purpose thers was laid a large main of 24- inch diameter, extending from the Water- Works at Chicago avenue through Rush, 0Osk, Crosby, and Division streets two miles and more westward to Ashland avenue, and south on that street to Harrison street, a distance of two miles, whers it connected with a 3G-inch main running north from the new works on Twenty-second streot one and a half miles south. Another main of 24-inch pipe was laid from the old Water-Works on Chicago avenue southwardly through Pine and River ptreets to Wabash .avenue, and thence to Thirty-fifth strcet, n distance of five miles. A third main of 3G inches was laid from the same starting-point, which crossed the river and extended south through LaSalle street to Harrison street. From the new works on Ashland avenue a 36-inch main is laid north to Harrison street, where it connects with the main from the north, and also a 3G-inch main is laid on Tiwenty- second street extending east, through Canal- port avenue and Eighteenth street,io Wabash avenue, connecting with the main from the north. There is also n 3G-inch main from Twenty-second strect running south on Throop street and Main street to Archer ave- nue, and therce from the latter street to Wabash avenue at Thirty-first street. It will be seen thot these large mains extend like 2 belt around the city, with other large miins connccting the outer lines at various points. Since the fire the Iaying of four-inch and six-inch water pipes has been abandined, and those laid since then have been 8, 12, and 1G-inch pipes, fed by others ¢f 24, 28, and 36-inch pipes. In many places the smaller pipes have been left in the ground and furnish dwellings with water, while 8 or 12-inch pipes have been laid in the same streets, con- nected exclusively with :he fire-hydrants. At various points through fhe city vast cisterns have been constructed Hr the use of the Fire Department; these are supplied from the lake tunnel or from the 3G-inch ‘mains, and are inexhnustible. On the 1st of January last there were laid in Chicago 410 miles of water pipe, df which 4 miles were of 36-inch, 13 miles of 24-inch, 11 miles of 16-inch, 19 miles of 12-inch, 2 miles of 10-inch, 71 mile of S-inch, and 155 miles of 6-inch. In New York, Nov. 12,1875, there were 255 miles of {-inch water-pipe. The engines at the old Water-Works have a capacity to pump daily 74,000,000 galions of water. These engimes have been sub- stantially duplicated atthe new works. In March, 1876, the daily ccasumption of water was 44,000,000 gallons. ‘When the new and the old works are both in operation, each fordng water into the same system, the supply of water will reach every building in the axtreme outskirts of the city, and it is estimated that there will be a pressare of 30 pomds in the remotest fire-hydrant in the city. ' And herein will be one of the greatest advintages and benefits of the increased water service. When Chi- cago adopted the ordinmce prohibiting the erection of wooden brildings, there were then' in existence many thousands of such structures in all parts of the city. As a gen- eral thing, these buildings are small,—rarely any dne exceeding two sories. To a large extent, these buildings sm in districts where the streets have not béen improved, and into which, in bad wether, it is often impossible to carry ke fire apparatus. Throughout all these districts fire-plugs have been liberally distributed, and, in case of a fire, the prompt use of hose by the firemen will, with the great pressure of the water, enable the department to drown out fires which, without such supply of water, might spread into extensive conflagrations. In a majority of fires occurring smong the wooden buildings of the districts known as 4 dangerous,” or so rated by insurance com- panies, the firemen with the free use of hose will be able to operate successfully in pre- venting any serious spread. A recent report of the Water Commission- er of New York City comments upon the failure of the Croton Aqueduct to supply that city, and mentions that two large reservoirs in Putnam County have become necessary in the warmer seasons to meet the demand. The construction of & new aqueduct at o cost of §15,000,000 to §20,000,000, with an annual expense of $1,000,000 for repairs and keeping, is regarded, however, as among the necessities in the futare. The original cost of the New York Croton Aqueduct was about $20,000,000, with large additional expendi- tures since then. The total cost of the Chi- cago water-system, including all the new works to completion, is about $7,950,000. ‘The same officer furnishes the following in- teresting table : The following table, compiled from authentic sourcee, shows the present daily consumption of water per capita in various cities of the United States and Europe: DAILY CONSUMPTION PER INHABITANT IN CITIES OF THE UNITED STATES. Cities. Galls,) _Citi New Yor Chicago Hartford. Reading . Albany Buffalo, Brookly) St. Louis Cities. Dublin Glasgo Parie... <hibits the p total dafly consumption of several large cities: Cities. Inhabitants, Gallons. London 700, 000 122, 000,000 New Yo , 000 114,000,000 Philadelphia. . 50, 000 42,000,000 Manchester. 000 16,000,000 5,000 35,000,000 000 15,000,000 , 000 5,000,000 early show the much greater ratio of consumption in cities of this country over thoze in Europe, and of the City of New York over’ all other cities, Taken as a whole, the water-system of Chi- cago at this time is the best and most com- plote in the United States, and admits of in- definite extension at small cost. As a means of protection against fire it is without an equal, both as regerds the supply and the adequacy and completeness of its distribu- tion. In quality the water has no superior. ‘With the new works the supply will permit its use without stint, and the supply will be 85 liberal in the suburbs as at the lake shore. And pure water in abundance is one of the greatest blessings that can fall to the lot of any community of people. THE TRUTH ABOUT GALILEO, A correspondent of the New York Eren- ing Post, writing from Rome, Italy, contrib- utes to that paper some exceedingly interest- ing facts touching the trials of GarmEzo be- fore the Holy Office of the Inquisition in 1616 and 1633. The information is derived from the original records of the iwo trials, which are now publighed for the first time by Prof. Doxexico Bertr. The history of the records themselves is of more than ordi- pary interest. During the French occupa- tion of Rome they were carried to Paris, and remained thera 40 years. Msny learned men wero allowed to read them, and Naro- LEON L at one time ordered their publication, but for some reason the order was not com- plied with. The Vatican authorities made several requests for their return, but without success, until Louts Pamirre ascended the throne, when Prus IX. made an earnest solicitation for them. The request was finally granted. The Pope kept them for a long time in his posses. sion, and they were finally consigned to the secret archives of the nation, where they still remain. Their publication gives the world the first authentic account of these celebrated trials, and, it may be added, does not relieve the Church from the absurd and superstitious fear of Science which it mani. fested in those early days. The story which these records tell is sub- stantially this: The great astronomer came to Rome in 1610 after the publication of his book, the ** Nunzio Sidereo,” expecting that the blessing of the Church would cheer him onin his scientific stndies, and little dream- ing of the sort of welcome that was awaiting him. He brought his telescope, which he had recently discovered, with Lim, exhibited it, explained it, and showed the learned so- cieties the satellites of Juiter with it. Ga- zreo and his telescope were soon the sensa- tion of Rome, and of course attracted the attention of the Inquisitors, who imme- dintely decided that bhis doctrines’ con- tradicted the Scriptures. His studies were stopped, aud his writings were confiscated, and from that time to the end of his life, the bigots of the Inquisition followed him with persistent persecution. He repaired to Florence, resumed his studies, wrote letters explaining his theory of the movement of the earth, and even answered the denunciatory sermons of the anonks, Their only reply was to drag him before the Inquisition for trial in 1616. His sentence was the imperious command of Cardinal BrunarMmo: * You will philosophiz® no’ more ; you will reason no more on the move- ment of the earth, and the constitution of the world.” GarmEo promised to be silent, and keptthe promise through 17 long years of mental torture. TUnable to restrain himself “longer, he began again to publish the results of his studies, only to find the bigots upon his track again, with Pope UmsaN VIIL, of the Bansreryt family, at their head. He was dragged before the Inquisition the sec. ond time for trial, at the age of 70, and o de- cree for the execution of torture was entered. Such is the brief but authentic bhistory of those dark days of ignorance, when timid churchmen feared that religion would be im- periled and the authority of the Scriptures overthrown by the declaration that the world moved,—a declaration made centuries ago,— and yet religion survives and the Scriptures remain. Ihe publication of these records is timely. It removes the life of GaLzzo from the dim regions of rumor and tradition into the broad light of truth. It does not save the Church of Rome from the accusations made against its want of sense and charity ; it does not re-{ lieve it from the tyrannical persecution of the astronomer ; but it does relieve it from the charge of torturing the old savant. The decree for the execntion of torture remaing on record, but there is nothing in the records to show that it was ever inflicted, and, as the Chief Inquisitor was & warm friend of Garrieo, Prof. Berrr thinks it was never carried out. It is doubtful, however, wheth-~ er any physical suffering could have been “greater than the mental torture to which GavILro was subjected. There is no record to have the whole power of the Church, with its sanction, exerted only to persecute, yet remains, but the publication of these records will not every reader the has been made of scientific thought. in the places, afraid to utter its revelations, lest the Church should suppress them and torture and kill its votaries; to-day Science walks the earth erect, armed with its astonishing discoveries, and calls upon the Church to defend herself. Only two centaries ago, GArILeo could not declare his thoughts with- out being dragged into the torture-chambers of the Inquisition by monks and snathema- tized by Popes; to-day, Huxruey, HAECEEL, TyxpALL, and SPENCER, enter the arena like champions, and throw down their gauntlets to monks, priests, and churchmen. of every degree, and boldly call upon them to come forth and give battle for their faith. Garm.- O was right. “ The world does move.” AN OPPORTUNITY LOST. ‘Thoughtfal men are rapidly coming to the conclusion that the question of the relation of the public schools to religion ought to be permanently settled, and on a national basis. Left in its present uncertain condition, it is a perpetual -irritation. Thus, that which should be an element of unity, and a pro- moter of homogeneity, is turned into an ap- ple of discord. Protestauts and Catholics are in an endless wrangle over it; while Christians make it a battle-field for their conflicts with Jews and Rationalists. It is evident that the real and vital guestion is, Whether we shall maintain our system of common schools, or shall relegate the sub- ject of popular education to private and ecclesiastical control. We cannot be mis- taken in affirming the unalterable attach- ment of the people to the main features of our present system; so far, at least, as provision is made at public expense for the educstion of all the children of the com- muxity in the elementary branches. If there is any doubt anywhere, it is as to embracing in the scheme the higher courses of study, which are for the few rather than for the many, and which more necessarily involve tuition in disputed branches of learning. On the supposition, then, that the peopls will insist upon maintaining the public-school system, let us inquire how it is to be made permanent, and to be placed wpon a fixed and satisfactory basis. So long as it is sub- ject, in any fundsmental respect, to ordinary legislation, it will remain, as at present, the sport of changeful caprice, or be like & floating cork on the waves of popular passion. In the absence of uniform legis- lative prescription for the whole State, every city and county now has its own principle, or want of principle, in adjusting the relig- ious question, with no certainty that the decision will hold good, even there, for more than a year. It would be a great gain conld the State Constitution have an article so worded as to establish a definite rule; for it is much more difficult to change the Consti- tution than it is to alter a statate. There is reason, also, to believe that, after the people had canied out their schools successfully for several years, under a rigorous provision in the State Constitution, the good results would be so manifest that no proposal of change would meet with favor. But still better would be an articls to the same effect in the Federal Constitation. For that woald give us a truly mational institution; compel- ling each State to make provision for popular education, without discrimination as to race, or birth, or creed,—a duty now greatly neg- lected at the South,—and securing uniformity of principle throughout the Union. ‘We should then be able to point to an Amer- ican system. Moreover, such an amend- ment once adopted could be changed only by a two-thirds vote of each House of Congress, and a subsequent ratification of three-fourths of the States. There would be no doubt of its permanence. What- now must be the essential restric- tions in such a constitutional amendment in order to meet the difficulties of onr American problem? Precisely two, in our judgment. First, there should be a prohibition of any State-support of sectarian or denominatioral schools, directly or indirectly, This would strike 2 death-blow to the hopes of those of the Roman Catholic hierarchy, which insists that the State ought to appro- priste funds to support the religious schools of that denomination in pro- portion fo the number of their children. Doubtless they await the looked-for day when they can secure a majority in some of the States favorable to this project. The proposal must be made utterly impracticable in the whole country by a clear prohibition in an educational amendment to the Federal Constitution, Then, secondly, to balance this, as a matter of justice to all concerned, and to match the existing constitutional pro- hibition of any ‘ establishment of religion,” thers should be a requirement that all schools supported by public tax or appropri- ations should be strictly secular, allowing no religious worship or instruction. Then onr American principle of non-intervention by the State in religious questions would have complete application to school as well as to church, and the members of the Church of that he ever hurled back at his ignorant per. secutors the famous saying attributed to him immediately after the torture, *‘But it does move”; but it was an indescribable torture to carry that secret in his breast and remain silent, to feel and know that he had made great discoveries that would render his name famous down to the latest generation, and to have his lips locked from uttering them by ignorant bigots; to know that he was in- spired with the grandest of revelations, and which should" have blessed those revelations denounce, threaten, and torture him. Those days have forever passed away, and religion fail to suggest to great progress that freedom Only two centuries ago Science timidly lurked in its hiding- Rome would see that, while refusing to sus- tain Roman Catholic schools, we were not inconsistently supporting those of another religious character. And now what prevents the adoption of such a comprehensive and wise measure ? Simply the fanatical determination of certain zealous religionists, who would rather not defeat the Roman Catholic schems than to have their own also precluded. Those who bitterly denounce the Roman Catholics for their objections to common schools, con- ducted on’ Protestant principles, will virtu- ally join hands with them in defeating a constitutional amendment which would for- ever render it impossible to appropriate public fands to the support of sectarian and thus of Romish schools. The evidence of this appears in the recent action of the United States Senate on suchan amendment, ‘which had been recommended by the Presi- dent, had been introduced iato the House of Representatives Ly Mr, Brarve, and had been adopted by that body unanimously, with the exception of two or three negative | votes. With such s start gs this, every- thing appeared hopeful; for if the Senate should, with 2 similar unanim- ity; coincide, there conld be no doubt that threo-quartera of the Statos woulq tatiry it. There seemedat lastto bea Prospect of & permanent settlement of this vexeq ques. tion. But it is unsafe to count upop any. thing until it is actually done. Humgp na ture, even in well-meaning men, ig very ug. certain. And so it happened that whep the emendment reached the Senate a diligent tinkering began in committee, and finally i 'was 8o altered that its father would not haye known it, 'to make it stronger hers and weaker there. A slight change of phrage. ology to make the prohibition of aid t, S tarian schools still more sure might haye been well, as it would have caused littly gy, lay if adopted. ‘Butthe entirs Tecasting of the amendment and the adding of RUmerony clauses, and especially of one exclyg; from the scope of the amendment fpq reading of the Bible in the schools, wera fatal to success, as must haye been foreseen. A two-thirds vote of the Senaty could not be secured for the amendment of the amendment; and so the golden oppor. tunity was lost. If we were given to Seip. tural analogies we might say thet it wag an, other instance in which PrmaTe and Hreop became friends by striking hands in oppog, tion to good. The original amendment, gy came from the House, met the combined op- Pposition of the Roman Catholic and of the Protestant Bible-in-school party; and the latter changed it 50 as to turn an anti-Cathg. lic trinmph into a defest. Let us hear ng more from them after this dwg—in—lh&mmga policy of their anxiety to keep the Romsn Catholics from gaining their end. The grang. est opportunity of our history to accomplish this very thing was offered to them, and wag rejected, unless consent should be given at the same time to make the constitutional smendment self-contradictory by so phras. ing it as, first, to forbid the support of Ro. man Catholic schools, and then to allow the support of Protestant or Bible-reading schools! That Mr. Caazres Fraxcrs Apsas shonld” now be running as the Democratic candidate for Governor of Massachusetts is not gur. prising, in view of his record asa member of Congress. By reference to the Glob, it will be seen that he was a member of the Committee of Thirty-threa appointed on the 4th of December, 1860, to ccnsider and rs- port mporn ‘‘s0 much of the President’s message ag relates to the present perilong condition of the country.” As a member of that Committee, an the 28th of Decsmber of the same year, Mr. Avims offered the following as embodying his plan of settle ment of the ‘‘perilous condition™ brought about by the threat of the South to seceds becauss of the election of Mr. Livcors: Resolred, That it ia expedient to propose an smendment to the Constitution of the United States providing that no amendment, having for its object any interference within the States with the relation between their citizens and those de- scribed in the second section of the first article of the Constitation as. *‘all®other persons,” shall originate with any State that does mot recogmize that relation within its own limits, or shall be valid withont the assent of every one of the States composing the Tnion. Of all the craven propositions for sur. render. to the slave power then openly menacing the Union, there was none more abject than this. It made slavery per- petual,—not to be abolished even by con- stitational amendment until that should be proposed by one of the Slave States, and ratified, not by two-thirds, but by all the States of the Union.. In fact, it precluded discussion of the question at all, by denying to any Northern State or its representatives the right to propose any interference with slavery. That was investing with more sanctity than ever- the ‘“sacred institation™ that cursed the country until the Emancipa- tion Proclamation was issued. According to the eternal fitness of things, Mr. Apaus now enrolls himself in the party of the solid South, to which then he made such sur- render. The Indiana Democratic managers whe ‘were seized with such dreadful alarm en re- ceipt of an invitation for Gov. Hexpaicxs to meet Senator MosToN on the stump, now seek to manufacture capital by challenging leading Republicans with national reputa- tions to joint discussions with obscure no- bodies. The latest bluff of that sort wasat- lempted when the Democratic Committea sent to the Republicans a challenge for Cann Scaurz to make a joint canvass with one Jo- szpE Porrrzer. Col. Fareprey, Chairman of the Republican Committee, disposed of that little game of bluff in the fcllowing re- ply, addressed to the Chairman of the Demo- cratic Committee. DEAR SiR: The Hon. Cary ScEURz is a distin- guished citizen of the Tnited States, well knows not only in this country, but in Europe. He was the duly accredited Minister of this Government ta Spain; was a distinguished General in the army of the Union, and served a full term as Tnited States Senator from the State of Missouri. In aranging for joint discusgions between entlemen, certainly some regard should be had to their character, verv- ices, and repntation. Having this in view, of coarse, the proposition contained in your note of this date can not be entertained. And now an anxious public over in Indi- ana waits in almost breathless suspense to know when Gov. Hespricxs will hold joint- discussion on the issues of the canvass with Senator Morrox. The advantage is not all on the side of & man Wwho owns a newspaper, when he attacks in priot somebody who does not own a newspaper, even when it happens in Texas, and the somebody attacked happens to be a Republican. Thatiss fact of which Mr. J. M. PARTON, editor of l.!ge Sherman (Tex.) Register, doubtless about this time cnlertains a lively cousciousness. Sup- posing the advantageto be all on his side, in that be controlled a paper and the other didn't, ho made a villainous assauit upon Jony R. ENox, alawyer of Sherman, whose offense was. firsty that he was a Republican, and next, that he was counsel for one Dr. EARvY, also a Republicaty who was engaged in a law-suit or law-suits with Texas Democrats. Now, Mr. Kxox turned out tobe one of those Republicans who don’t scare worth a cent. Heis evidently possessed of o appetite for fire-eating equal to that of the mosh ferocious Democrat of them all, and in a card in. the St. Louis Globe-Democrat he talks right back in style so suggestive of bowie-knives and pis- tols that in Texas he can only be answered with them. In his card he says: A dirty partisan smuot-machine of this place, called the Sherman Daily Register, of this date, bLauls me over the coals and says some hard things of me, for saying I did not know anything mean of Dr. W. H. Eanuy, late of this place, now of Fort Scott, Ran. Said dirty sheet is published by 8 long, lank, wormy, cadaverous-looking puke (toe beel upon whose head it would take a bushel of anions to hash) called J. M. PaRToS, who, to the ¢ of the rubfinl Democracy of this county (if such & thing coald be possible), broke into the sweel- acented Texas Legistature, justadjourned. by the side of which the lowest State Prison would be a0 bonor. 1 domot propose todefend Dr. W. H. °EarLyY only in the capacity of an attorney, andat tks time T gave EAKLY my certificate it was not kuown here, by me or the dirty smut-machine, that EanLY was the man referred toin the FortScot Jlouitor; but the wicked flee when no man pur- eueth, and the smat-machine, well knowing EsELT waan Republican, and had some cause to complain of persecution at the hands of the unwashed, un- combed, unregenerated. and -uprepentant dirty rcbels of Texas, commenced it, and its Lty mins jons to write to Mort Scott, accusing EABLY O nearly all the crimes known to the catalogue of crimes, save and except that sweet ope kuown (@ them ay treason, but what they call constitation: rights, which ismo crime with them, Who, Srrrive BuLy, ‘think and rank the worth of the warrior in proportion to the amount of calpa b can produce. Mr. KNOX then proceeds to deliver the ok