Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, September 9, 1876, Page 9

‘i L R it 3 i LITERATURE.. ——— Vertebrates of the Northern United States. East-indian Notes---American Progross in One Hundred Years. Tho Roman Church---Law of the Toad---Photography vs. Painting. The Mnnfifacture of 8ilk, and ‘Why It Is So Costly. Flora Round About Ohicngo——Tho Lobelia and Bellwort Family, Explorations in Arctic Seas and in Now Guinea==<Reunion Island. LITERATURE. INDIA. NOTES OF AN INDIAN JOURNEY, By Mouxt- Bruant 1%, (BAXT Durs, Member for the Klaln Dietrict of Durgha, ond iate Undor-Secrotary of Eilate for Indla, Anthor of **Sindles in Enropean Politics, " ete, 'With lNoute-Maj. 8v0., pp. 200, Lonfton: Macmillan & Co. I the winter of 1874-'75 Mr. DufT spent four months {n o journcy through Indla. It was necessarily rapli, for it traversed in varlous i rectlons the ost interesting portfons of the vast peninsular colony under English rule, Nevertiicless, from his previous inthmate ne- qualntance with the' workinzs of the British overnment fn Indin, and with tho material and goctal candition of tho country, and from the fuperdor facilitics for obscrvation offered him by the oficiala In the Civil Servico and the na- tive Princes, the tourist was enabled to make a pretty thorough Inspection of cities, architect- uial monuments, physleal features of tho prov- fuce, outward appearance of the veople, and thelr civil and religlous institutions. His notes taken by the way were rapldly and eucchictly ro- eorded, yet are always Intelllgent and direct, ‘and, to one familiar with tho history of Indin, entertain. fog. There Is such an enchantment In the very name of Indla,~overy clrcumatanco in lts existence, whother relating to the land or the Inhabitants, 18 sorichin charms for the Imaginatlon,—that the barest transcripts of travel, or sketches of ity life, exclte the faculties of wonder, and curfosity, and admiration, to pleasurablo activity. In the entlre bodv of his notes, Mr. Duft scldom goes heyond an sllusion or a comment which presupposea on the nrt of Ms reader a full knowledge of (ho polnt Tocied; vor aa e Have suld, hin route of inveatiga- tlon wlll be followed withn feelingof enjoyment, and, moreover, of em‘(. Asitisonly by passing hinis and reforences fhat ho_fnstricts, few pse eagen in his narrative are comprehensive enough to warpant citation. One short exiract, hiowever, it £0 striking in 1tn exhibition of the Iiindoo Inteliect under culture, that we_reproduce tt, 1t was writ- {olu tnuvlllngu necar Lshore, in the Panjab diu- rict: i “\Wo adjourned to & grove of Simoo, under whicli the bosa fromelx neighboring village-achoola td been calleeted, —Sikhs, Hindns, and Mahom. ctans, Some of them were very Intelligent. I asked one youth of nbout 14 which was the most powarful country In Europe after England, * Ger- many,' ho replicd, 'and the nest fo Germangt® *1tusiln,” he sald. Tdemurred, and_ssked him whatho'thonght of ¥rance, Ol France,’ he enid, “was ance very powerfnls but her disusiera in 1lic [ato war wore 80 great that she 1s no longer #0.* TThen 1 asked him what was the ecclealastical capl- tal of Lis raligion. e wasa Hindu. *Benarc,' Lo answored, * *And what 1n the ecclesiartical cap- {ial of tho wiont nuimrous baiy of, Chrstiantt' 1 inquired. *Rowme,’ he replicd, ‘Do you know what fa golng on In that conntry? 1 sald, pointing fnRpain. “A war betwoen the eoglo wiio waat a Ticpublig and those who want a Monarchy,’ was the anaver.” Tlow many Loys of 14 In the Chicago rehaala pass & slular cxamination ns creditably? B Appended to the notes of teavel s an caray on the social and polltical status of India, which, like tho preceding contents of the boak, '1a reprinted from the Contemporary Review, 1n this, Mr. Duff. ks the statement that the possession ot Indla wdds nelther to the strength nor the wealth of En- gland, —{ta advantages lylng chiefly in the incrense of Influcnce nnione othor Powers, and m the fichi for the expenditure of nlmt of the youthful en- ergy of tho nution, which it aords, ANMERICAN PROGRESS. TIE FIRST CENTURY OF THE REPUBLIC: A Review or AMERtess Puooresa. By the Rev, Tucopnuk D, Woorser, F, A, P, BAnNann, the Yon. Davin A, Wrris, P'rof. T. Strnv Iunr, Jgte., efc. Bvo., pp. 606, Now York: Harper & Brothera, -Prics, §3. ‘This Centennial year of our Republichas heen cliosen as on appropriate time for o survey of the past 1ite of the nation from every point of view, and accordlugly volumes of bhistory and remlinfscenco have poured from the press in an slmost unending atream since tho heglnnlng ot 1670, And stlll an Important place (n the retro- spect of the hundred years just completed hos romained vacant until now, when theworl befors us appears to recount the progress of the Amerl- can people in industry, art, learning, amd moral andreliglous culture, Theconveptionof thework is due to the publishers of Larper's Magazine, who framed the plan of having the soveral depart- ments of enterprise In which our country bas In- vested Ita [ntellect and activity, revivwed by scpa- rate writers, each appoluted to his part from a special adaptedneas to Its elucidation through the O oty renuting Vim0 e atudy, first pribica i the rurl‘:vdlrcon?‘n|re;d;cz‘r‘|‘:r‘|‘l‘lo‘;:t'lf snd ara now united in book form for Ibrary s “Fhate are seventeon i all, of which wa name the 3 following: Caloninl Progreas, by - o cchanical Progress, uy Eqward b nimng: L'rogress In Manufucture, by David A, Wella; Agri- ml(ll!rull II‘m}.'lnml, b; ; merclul Develupment, by Edward Atkinson: vy Develppment, by Willlam G, Ellmlmr? el Distribution” of Population, by Francls A, Walker; Selentific Progecas, by F. A. Barnard and {ucodore GUIL; Progrees of the Fine Arts, by 8, 8, onah otey ele ; Yhe mmount and systematic arrangemont of the formatton thus aflopded gives lhl“\turk :\cyl!l‘(‘). vdic churacter, rendering It as merviceablo for wforence as It {¥ honorableto the natlon n its ex- 2altton of an honest and Arm advance in the great ms that become au enlightencd race. Every ticle in the collection han & wpecinl interest, aid +Importunt a4 an embodiment of valuable stotls- e85 yet wo may, without retlection upion the rest, ilude to the pucbiar attractiveness af Mr. Whipe rawth le'l"mvlmv of o tCentury of American, Literis ure," Mr. Keight's retrospect of ** Mechanien) -, aml thoe papers on Art, Scieuce, Edu- d the **Growth and Distribution of Pop- SASUAL V'ERT BRATES, HUAL OF %11 VERTEURATES OF THE NOWTHERN UNVI'ED STATES, INcLvoiva Tie Duriter Easr ov Tug Misstssiree Itven, Axn Noutu oz Nontit CANOLINA AND TENKEASEE, 1ix- CLUMVE oF MAMISE Srecies. iy DAvin Stann dounax, M, 8., M, D., Profesror of Natural Nistory tu N, W, O, Univereity and fu indwna Stato Medical Coilego, 12 mo,, pp. Chicas 803, dausen, McClurg & Cu. Price, S5, Dr. Jordon hus performud o lahorloua and valuable service for the American zoologlst fn preparlug a series of artificial keys by which the Species of thu Vertebrates of the Northern United States may by casily dentified. Inac- camplishing this work, e has adopted a method l{lll"ll’" to that 8o successfully applled by Dr. Coues to the Ornithology of North Ameriea, aud by botanists to the plants through- out the vegetable Lingdom, I order. to fertrick W's ook to n convenlent slze for handling, , ho hins betd kim- I§II toarigld Jaw of bravity fn the ennmeration of Caomcters yunrichng spacics und genetn, as well as (dr.mmnumlc[an . By the exerclse of a careful crlwination, the fow traits have beon selected ®hichare most dlatinctive, and load withont difl- :-'nlly 1o the recognition of ypechucns under exame iatiun. It the completion of L4 tavk, Dr, dor- n has had the gonerons cncouragement of many of the Lruminant zoolotsts of the co ntry, and in # lizs bonclted Dy thelr peraonal asalst TUO nuwmber of spcel k ity sy cln"nn"!cillncllldcd in the work S0 of reptile R L of tdentifving specles, but b Inforumtion it furnletios esarding their i o ggy'nnldudn:lom:gm To prbve the accuracy L‘;fl‘” i o an!l;:'nl y tueir exact worlh, Wox ! o will uan:\' Il,l;llsamll bo rlellluned ence, ‘Thoap. Work has roceived (row thosy bu‘nl_ 4 2 v 2 Julgment upon 1L Jeavea lttle mectal] expectations, capabla o pas! doubt that it will LAW OF TII THE LAW OF TIIE ROAD; On, Wnoxaa AND Tratra or A TuAVELER By 1L VAshos tonves, Jdr, Barrlster-nt-Law of Osgood’s Hall, 1o, ml 75 New York: Hurl & [oughton. Prive, 250, There s actual worth- fn this 1ttls work, which furnishics a simple and concire summary of the rights and labliftiea of passengera aud carvlers by Iand and water. But au , objeetion may be urged wainst the manner i which (bt f6 gotten-up, In an effort to make the ings of the Taw on, the mantfolil potuts tuvolved in traveding antt frangportation ngeecablo reading, theautharhas conveyed his expotitions in tho farm of conversations, eudeavoring Ly such means o combine tnstruefon with entectainnent, “Tho attempt In futlies for, in the wature of thin, it {4 apossible (o serve-uh leal knowledie In it stylo Ihat wil be diverting to the averato “intellience, The nnusginent-secler il tuen from the expligations of statutes, and guotations from (a- muncancs, with weary illerellsh whilo the pro. fersional ronder will svavonably prefer o huve important commanications mude with o gravity in harmony with thelr welghts "Whia objection dlaposed of, thera remains only an oxpression of approval for tho autlor's worl, 1lo s compited By Gectaions and untentions Jrotn a multiinde’ of authoritics, ull of which nre convenicntly mentloned in_ foot-notes, A copious Tndex renders every tople In- Ui test accesible, and the mechantéal escution of the bouk ia ad- mirable. ROAD, —_— ©THE ROMAN CIIURCIL HISTORICAL STUDIES, Dy Branxr LAwneRee, L #vo., pp. 608, New York: Marper & Drothers, Trice, $3. The papers bronght togeter {n this volume Dave already liad o wide audicnce, among whom they croated A conslderable ugitation. They wero orfzinally contributed to ffarper's Moga- zine, appearing at intervals during a term of geven or tore years, and liad for thelt alm an exposure of the corruptions of the Church of Rome, The titles of the several articles were well chosen, covering perfods or personages In history of fascinating Interest. The mention of soma of them will fndleate the tact exhiblted in theirolection. The Bixhops of Ttane: Leo and Luthers Loyola nud thaJesuiis; Ecumenical Coun- cllg; The Vondolay The 3 The Conqueet af Ircland; ond The G Theydixpinyeil no originnl rescurch, and no muperior qualities of #tyles yot they were founded on facta accumulated from known and-authentic sonreer, and were writ ten in n positive nud showy mauncr, They were effcctive mogazine-urticlos, arresting tho atiention of the multitnde, and conveying & fair proportion of tnatenction witis the due aimount of entertafnment, As sindics of histury, thelr chief value to the thoughtful ‘render consisto I the hints they suve of Hones of {nguiry and of books and nuthoss to be consulted for extetudod Informa- tlon, In themaclven, they aretoo sketelyy unid too partiean to eatinfy ‘the " thoreusls and Impartial critic of past and powerful nges and Intlnencea. LORING’S8 TALES OF 'TIE DAY. ZERUM TIROOM'S EXPERIMENT. Dy 3ra, A D.T. Wuirxey, Paper, Sruare 128mo., pp. 140, Boston: Loring. Price, 50 cents. ‘This Iatest number of Lorlng's eerfes of 1ight storles will serve qutlite aceeptably ns u travellng companfon, It ranks asa medium preductlon among the books of the suthor, some of which are very charming, ooy others really tedious. Mre, Whitnes has an abundanee of ingenfous and suggestlve Ideas, along with the collectlve glfts of ncleser novellst: mt of late years, in her engors neas to give emphasia to her Tavorlts conceitn und opinlona, she ks commltted the error of sacrifics ingherart to them, The reanits ore un abecicd siyle, anid un uunatural dovelopment of charneter, whichaltogether spoll the effectarhe £ evidently strlves to produce. The prerent story, boln of a camparatively unpretending churacter, oends less n these direetlons than do the more formal works that have recently preceded it o — BDOKS CHIVED. THE TIATORY, OF PITISMELD (BERKSUITNE COUNTY). MASSACOUSEITS, FEOM PIE YIEAR 1800 TO 'THE YEAR 1870, Complied and Written, under_the General Direction of a Committee, by £, E, A, 8wivit, Ty Authorit of the Town,” Bvu,, pp. 723, Springicid: W, C. Dryun & Co, + PERIODICALS RECELVED. Art Jowrnal, Steel Plates: 1. — *The Nine Worthiea,” after It, |I|l)h(§l’or\!‘ 11— *The Writing-M; MIles, 110, - **The Threo Da 1. nndvoer, A, Articlon: +Tho iisitfon, T with elghit [Tusteations; ¢ Gnllery:™ **Amerlcan Patntern,—Sannel mon, N. A" wlth twa lilusteationn: Gynéceo,” trom i painting by tinstave Bonlangur; Y*Tiiltion of Christion At ™ by the Rev. Kd: wanl L, Cutts, B, A, with eicht fllusirations; ¥+ The Writlng-Masters " **Stutics ind Skelches wy Sir BEdwin Landseer, R, A,, " with soten lilun- ratfons; **Th Costime of Jinglis Women ran the Heplarchy to tha Presont Daz, ™ by Wal- tor _Thornbnry, ' (Mustrated; **The” ' Kalon of I} Hoapur 1R70, " Loy 1. Hoao 4 Paiutin L (he o Ehbon ~ by SN 8 the Tteal nnd, Tdeal fn Att," by Mary T Nealys “Notow American Naturallst for Beptember (1L O.Ilough- ton & Ca,, Boston) , American Nogkseiler for Bept. 1 (American Nows Campany, New York), & Literary World for September (8. B. Cracker, Dostan), Natlonal Tvachera® Mon/hiy tor Beptember (A. 8. Barnes, New York and Chicsgo. ) American Cookery for, Srfi(embu (Unton Publish- New York), Ing Company. Triny Aje,—current mmnbers (Littoll & Littell's 1. Gay. Boston). FAMILIAR TALK. \ BILIC, The query why silk goode arc so much moré costly than any others in the tnarket, Isanswered when we coislder the slow, delleate, and dif- fleult processes which must be gone through with in thelr manufacture. The cocoons thein- sclves, which nfford the raw material, are com- paratively fuexpensive; but, betwesn the co- caon and tho preoared fibre or the finfshed fab- rle, thero aeeurs sevles of operations, by hand aud by machine, that consume & heavy amount. of time aud capital. In the fivst place, the art of reeling thie thread ‘of the cocoon Is ano re- quirlng great skill ond tact, Tt has never yot. been successfully wxeented In Amerlen, on ae- count of the lack of experience on the part of operatlves, and tho high price of labor. Ience, our manufacturers fmport fram Europe and Chlua silk which is already reeled. That which comes from the latter country Is inferlor to the raw sllic obtafned from Italy and France, and s bought for wbout 82 less n vound. It s usuully sent In packozes welghing a pleud, or 1833 pounds. The Allk that comes from Canton ls white, golden-yal. low, or atraw-color; while the Teatlees nnd Hain- fngn are usually white, The allk from Tnrkey fsn pure white, and, likke that from Italy, comes In bales niade np of skefus, Perplexing obstacles to be overcomo in the reols ing of slik are uccasloned by the unevenniess in the Tength and In the ufze of the filament of the co- couns, anilby the various lmperfections that neeur in the structure of the cnses, Cucooms of the rame breed inay vary tn theflensth of thelr thread from 300 10 1,300 yards, 0 thread Iv aleo of varylng fincncas and quallty, —that forming the auter part of the cuse being courser and stronger than the dlament formlinz the interfor, To keep the fibre, us it iw helng reeled, of the rame mazgnt- tude throughunt, dewnnds constant watchfnliness, An equal number of flaments must continundly fun off together, and they must maintain without change the uvernzo dimenslons, When vne thread of the six or ten Which are nsunlly reelad together, brealis, runs out, or runa too ine, it myat be so ottly veplaeed Uy amotlier that " o Ineuvalty in gl shatiyeaail, hen, too, the water In which the cocoons st be MARIAIREA Bt & Dronee S cult the diterent quaitiie I reeling - douhlo cocoous, ‘itmnxt Lo bolling-hot: hnt, with perfect cocoons, It needs to e Pl cousiderabily helow the bolling point. Much ingeunity has been ex. pended n “devialy ‘""j'" for reeting sl which can be operatad by wtear: but no jnvention has \'L‘ll)Nfl.\ able totakv the ingle and-reel, 8o long, therefore, ae e native of China, Japan, or Europe will give skilled labor at :‘{P’e“l"ln"ruc'l‘:vrlum Ilmlxul tn{r. be procurel hiere, o k- cturers will, of neces " ”n“w:ml" Sl necessity, hport thelr hew she lales of eeeled silk nrrive at the - factory, the sheinvare nesurted n:mrdh’l’&u‘:flfimr fineneay, and are then Inclosed §n bags, ond sosted ur o ftew honrs i water | heated abuve 110 dezrevs F, This s whieh adheres to tha concluded tho bage aa placed ji an op which, by incans of machlnery, 18 mag with great veloclty, the” emd of five or ten minutes, the water’ is predecd oy fter which, if the siik 14 the Chinese product, it 15 pasecd through A cleaning tnachine, where each thremd! rannlng butween twa shatp-edzed mctal ‘rlnlt‘l. I8 rendere smootly and even, The [talian silk selilony requlres subjection to the cleaning process, Now hegin the 2oy eral operations included in the term fAroicing the silk. 17 §a tirst wound on spooly about three and half Inches in Jenzthi apd nest Awo ur more thrends are drawn off togetlermpon othor spoolr, 1f (he munufacture le ta b twist or sewing-ullk; ‘the apuols nro nuw placed u the epins uing-maching, which gives the thread o certun uumber of turns per inch, producing the requisite frmnces of twst. The wilk is then vecled fnto skeing, whith are delivered to the dyer, whoy firat i fn soap and water to cleanse thein froin any remaining guw, and to cive the silk an added fostro, Afterdeylug, the akoing aro thrown Into the dycevats; and, when tho coloring iw inlehed, It the ailk ulen\ {e ltatlon, the article {s rendy for the market, casca, however, suwlng-silk aud twist are wrought from Chineso silk, and sre” pusy whilo wyk from | : an_n sreteling-machine, which rednceen all knotty and uncven theenda to a iaiform kmoothpeen, About two-sceenths af the rilk manufactured in thin country consiate of rewlng- IR and Detat, When the'sillc golng thronels the yrocest of throwing [n Intended for woven fabrica, it fn {winted mure loosely, and fower threads re pnt fogether, than b the'ease of twiat aud sewinge, TLinaficrward roeled-off into skelne, il trane- farred 1o tha vata of thedser. Now it afeted nn opportunity, and ouc aften fmposed, for hn- creaelug the welght of the sllkc by charging it witlh oye-rtafin,’ Pue sl will, I boiling, pazt with about 24 per cent of [a weleht I gum, Augar, waste, ctc. Iy certnln arte, the dyen can &0 filFthe intorsilces of the sllle with tolorlig matter a4t restore ita loss In welghts but {ho resnlt i detrimental to tho flbre,” Most light colors will not admit of ths sert of welghtlng: bt black or ditrli-colored el'x may o beought from 124 ouncen npy to 14, 18, 0, 35, or even M0 ounces, They will hear 16 o made nb (o T4 or perhaps 10 without_iarm but, heyond this, the elfcet Tadisieeoun, I f anid that many of fhe forelan drensestilin owo thelr apparcut thick, firm quality to th welght ndded by th dyc.stutfal and, conwo- 7ucnlly. when worn Nu-i ruptdly lose thelr the dyeln; “body, " and, from tho Injury doné to the fibro, #oon cack, tnd fray immediately, " After Leing dyed, the sllle used for textile fah- tlex, trimmiuge, ctc., 'a In the stato ealled soft ik, 10 which §t 18 'ngaln wonnd npon apoole, —n rocess lewanding extreme carc and dellcacy of onch. , This conclnded, it 4 ready for manufac- ture info any Kindof silk goods. An {deaof’ the operations Involved in the mann- factura of trhnmlnge, braids, etc., s glven in the following extract from *‘Tlia Hilk- nilustry in Amerlen, " 8 work to which acknowledgments are dite for_tha facts weerd throughowt the present ar- ticle. The manufucturer , . bhuys the raw ik, Im”{ Cantot ond Teatlee,—and has jt thrown of different deygreen of tlnencea, to suit his varlour purposcs. It [salso d{e(lhl the shades of color demanderl by the provalling fashiony. It s then dlstributed to the diiferont departments of the manufactory, where, in one place, fine cords of cotton are wound with slik by an ingenlous ma- chine, and nfterwardn brafded futo a cord for teim. ming: in anather, the silk is woven into bralds of different width, —some very broad, someso narrow nnd fine that they ecem 1o he nly a tint thread. These bralds are then erfinped by crimplug-cylin- dera heated by n gus-fame, ond snbsequently woven Into headings, gathered futo tasscls and fringes, or ronped Into maeses for the feathery marabout-trimming, Vart of the »illc ie "made Into sewing-ulik, of varying degrees of fincnea (sume of It very smnll) for fzinge, Part 18 made Into bwist or glmp, from which ure woven hieadings for fringes, often of complicated patterns wrought out lu the Jacquard loom, bt sometimes executhd with more Inbor and_greater expenditure of fime_in the old French and (lerman Tooms, When the headlug Is woven,a network is attached to It by hand-Ixbor: nud the frinee, of o great va- riety of patferne, also wranght by land, is op- pended to the nefwork, Almost Infinite’ are the vurletiva of fringed and trimmings thius wronght by hund, becanse thie feshions and patterns change so that the mnchinery which would prodnce .of to-day wilth preater rapldity than hand- {s very costly, and 1 aix or elght weeks milght be entirely nscless; swhile deft and nimble fngers, {mpelied by nn sctive and intelligent brain, can adapt themerlvos at onee to the new patterns, and, though alower in motion, will, in the end, do moure thin the mochines, . . . . Soms fringes are waven on Joowns, und elthier cut apart fn the middie, i the fringe Is to be short, or divided at the end, and ro made thicker and heavier, If 3t is to be long: but the tagsel-fringes, —thore having a distinct and bulbous head for bunch of frinpe—nre all wronghi by hand: so, too, I« the predter part of the marabout-trimming, after the bralds are woven and chnped, . . . Sillc buttons are partly woven and partly ‘wronght by hand,~the tund- labor forming the greater part, In_consequence of the almost infinita varlety of the French patterns, + v o Somewhat ware than two.ulnilis of the wholn sfik-praductlon of the United States by do- votal to these small but coatly urticles, Dress-allkn of the highest grades are aloays woven by iand In Europes but, in America, groy grain and othor leavy silka are woven on o looms, Fizured and cmbroldercd ribbous and alllss, brocades, efe., are woven in the fmproved duceiard loows; but bonnet, belt, and velvet rilbons are woven on gang-looms,—frum rix fo forty pleces being in n sfugic loom at a thne. Sk luee, net, fancy silk rearfs, huirenets, pulpuro- laces, vells, ciirtain-laces, etc., elc., are manne factured, toa greater or leas exiont, in this eoun- o Anattempt has been made by Mr. Jennlngs, of the Nottingham Lace Works, rool to mnke thread-Jnce; Lut the duty on the finy thread wary ' o import was wp ligh asto render (he enterprise profitless, nlthowgh Tuces of an oxcellent quality were nrodueed, Luce- Toan:a hitve 10 he rowght from Europe, and'are yory expenalve, A wingle machine costa from $7,000 to $10,000; aud the Jacqnard attachment, required in the mannfacturo of all bt the plainest ncas, nrlds heavily to the cost, The potterns for the Mnred Incex, starfu, erc.. which are representr by retw of cards of heavy binder's board, perforated tor each stitch, cost from 360 to $100 ench, Three *‘Centennlal Inopis™ are on exhibitlon =t Phila- delphu, which xhow the operation of the Jucquard weaving appatatie, o Washington-portrait Book-marl, WOSCR HPOY 0Ro, Tequires from 6,000 10 10,000 carda to complete the pattern, The por- traits of Lincoln aud Cardinsl McClosky reguire 4,500 earda eachs and (he portrait« of the Preals dent oud Vice-Presldent, 1,000 cards, The enrds nre fastened tozether Inun - endless chatn, and oue contplete revolution completes the pattern., PIHOTOGRATIIY VS, PAINTING. Tn bis able workun * The Chemistry of Light and Photography,” Dr. Iermann Vogeladvances n view with regard to the comparative fidelity of photouraphs ond palutings, which {s quite op- posed ta the opinion generally prevailing. To quoto his own words: % It muy, perhaps, exclte surprise that the writer ascribes greater trath to painting than to photography, which fs senerally regarded as the truest of all methods of produeing pletures, It must be sclf-evident that this remnrk can e nude only of the works of masters. . . . The pleture of the photog- rapher I8 not selfcreated, He must test, welgh, consider, and remove the dififcultics which oppose the production of a true pleture. It his pleture Is to be true he must take care that the characterlstic (8 mude prominent and the accesorfes suborinate. . . . To do this he must, of courso, be ahle to detect what is charucier- {stle and what nccessory In tho original. The ecnuitive vlate of fodide’ of sllver cannot wo this; it recclves the jmpressfon of all that It has before (t, acording to unchangeable law, : . 'The photographor will not, Indeed, bo ublo to control his matter, like tho painter; for the dis. inclination of models and optical und chemieal diticalties often frustrato his best endeavors; 1 = hence there must always be a difference hetwoen tozra) T 1 pl way phy and & work of art, 3 hrielly klmlml!lldlr by sayiug that pho- v iives n more falthinl picturs of the form, 18 more falthtul plcture of the charncter, ™ ‘The tenth of this statement will be recoznized by the many who fnd it difficit or Impossible to se- curc u Jist ilkoncss af theneelves by the art of’ photography. The pleturs must be true, it 18 cous tended, bocause the sensitivo plate in the camern takes an oxact representat'on of the fmnge beforo 3 yet that the Hkoness I more uneatinfactory s “felt by the original, und ko declareld Dy cvery friend. Photography hae n sine gular optltnde for exagueerating defects, not one of which, fn the face or form of thesitter, csenpes its »unn')\(uulcluflny. It will, alzo, by an imaccountable exhibitlon of fuvoritisn, oftentimes #v flatter the feutures of a subject as to render a hundsoma portralt of o really ‘homoly fndividual, Such tendoncles to deception must, s Dr. Vouel »ayw, e avercome by the ekill of thu piotographer, who shionld he not only an artiean, but snurtist, capable of rending the charncier of iy subjects, and of compelipg his chemicals, na the painter ‘This differen ne of the moat venomaus of plants bs tha Zeotoma tong\flara, u native of the Weet Indics, 1ta leaves, appiled to'the akin, qulckly nd 1t alee, takien internaily, prov eathnrtic, itincafled by the Sy Prehenta caratlos, hecause horses that have vaten 1t are dnevitably doowed, its sction eatning them to awell until’ they burst. Tho Lupn Fuitlel, n plant erowing In CRIL and Peru, 12 o vienlent that ix vere minell cansen vomitinz, Notwithsinnling IlmYuhnnuumm\lrlr- wir geneeally chaeacterizing the Lobuline, the succalent frult of one species; Centropogan Surluumensis, in edible, e Lovetlas are o Tropical race, {nhabiting ehinfly the wartier etlons of the earth, Fourtern spectes are found bn the United States cast of the Misstasipp), and only two tn England. 1n the lat- ter canntry, our own Cardinal-Flower nnd fireat Lobelin lisve heen introduced, with other hand- ramn exotic speeien, nfo the gindens. Among our eultivated Lobelinanre twa from Mexico, one from Oregon, one from California, and one, which i4 in favor for hanging-baskets, from Soutl Africa, The Lolellas aro cluxcly related to the Come posites, which we describied Iast week: and ao they ara ta the Bellnnte, or Campunulecer, This las Order, contrury 10 the habit of e Lobeliar, nro- form & canl climate, DeCandolle stuiex that ** In our hemisphere the greatest number of speclon fa found; the chaln of the Alps, Ttal; Caucaans, and the Altal ra tey, In whatever i Ieave “thess Vmits, the nmmnber of rpecies rapldly deeroares, In the sunthern hemlephere, the’ Cnpo of Gond Ifape In anuthice centre of habitation, containing no fewer fhan siaty-three npecies, ' The entlre Order enmbraces aboiit hi wpeclea; and, out of H00, nceur within the Tropics, Nine Ticijworts havo blue flowers: and, of the remain. der eame are white, soma are yellow, and a few are yariedy yet the' brightest of them cannot vie with the hnes of the Scarlet Lobelins, ‘Fne milky fnice of the Iellworta posesses an rerld property: still, the roats unil yotuni shoots of neveral apecien are reckoned among esculents, The Campantila_ftapunclus, or Kamplon, the LAy temid apicafum, nnd the Canaring Campanula, are thus made serviceable, The Specutariar Spicu dun and Pentanonia huve heen nsed ax salads: and tha feuit of the Canarina Campanula is edible, Tut the Campanniace.r are more valuable for thelr beauty than for anght besida, The Chicaro Gorn containa’ several of the pr tlest Campannlas. The lovely Harebell (2, rotui~ difolia), 0 often mentioned In ktory and poetr grows on the sand-hills ot Michizan Uity: while the vaviety Cinifotla In abundant at Glhson's Statlon. ‘e delicate Marah-Bellfower (€, uparin- cldes) ta common ronth of Hyde Park and at Caln- ‘mel. The Tull Belifower (€, dmericana) 1a adenl- 7om of the wouds gt Itiverslde and Columet, Theae speciea remuin In blossum thronzh the carly sum- mer; but {he Venus' Looking<Glast (Specularia perfoliata) opens lts eariiest flowers in May, whila the Intest wither away in Anzast. It {5 not n come mon plant in_our fiora, Lut 18’ occasionally met with it Riverside, 5 We h: anid Wondand Fneteen Unlted to nine #pecles tion wn Gray res States, T our gurde imporicd fram Burope. Amoug these Is the well- Known plaut calied Canterbury Delle, e EXPLORATIONS. The Norwegiun North-Atlantic Expedition has encountered very holsterous weather gince it left Christlansand on the 27th ot June, ond " hns been eble to pursue {ts work only in the futervals between severe storms. The' course of the expedition was from Christiansund to ‘Ihorshaven, fu the Faroe group, where, in the zoolite caverns on the Islynd, the geologlsts mude a rich collection of minerals. After u stay of clight days, the expedition made u trip round the muln fsland, departing from Faroe July 1. Iceland was reached four days after: but the weather was o tempestuous that the vesgels sunght shelter nmong the Westman Tslundg,—a small group off the south coast of Ieeland. The Islands are whotly voleanfe. An extinet crater on one of them kas perpendienlar walls tlsinz from 400 to H00 feet high, while a more recent cone towars 770 feet nbove -the sea, *“The bave of the cone s lavai the cone itaelf, whoee outline s beantifully geometrical, is com- posed of loore stones, The seashirds ure very ' nimeron 2 in the conntleas hollows In the cliffa, where were hatching at the time af the vialt. Whales, Iarge and winall, were whont tho ship." A three duys esploration anong these fulands was productiveof fntcroding result. Arriving at Detkarah duly 20, the expedtion Is Infofmed tht the summer in Teclind had hieen un- raln aid ssind prevadling contlnit- 'y ject of the expedition wr to make it of the Jeinnil of Teehand: ot the dvlays FROLS of vast e y, determined the on nel wecantoned by storma, and th comulutionn ‘of ice In the lenders, Praf. Mohn and Prof, Surs, to relgn this intention, and. after pursninga direct Hne aonth af Iceland, to moke stralght for Namaos, {n Nor- way. Despite the unfavorable weather, the sclen. titic atafl ia sothilen with the resnli of the voyage, itonrly observations in ‘meterolory have been tatien ‘while at sea: vonndingx aud dredisinun have Veen made when poselole; ind much fntereeting anil some nove! Informntion galned recarding the fauna of the greut decp, its temperature, carrents, otr, 1n October, 1875, Mr, O. C. Stong left Somer- ret, Australia, for an expedition to New Gulnen, tug chief objett of which was to acrquire Informu: tion in cthnolozy and geography. After u few dagaspent with the natoralist, glénor D' Albertls, at Yule Inland. Mr. ftone procecded to Annapnti, <on the whoru of Muresby Harbor, whetiee he mada excursions In various dircetione, ~ He wan nccom- janled by two tashlormists, whe succceded in col. ecting 430 skins of birds within a radios of 50 milos “inland from Port Moresby, — Durlnz tho montls of December and Janiary, the midail was conviderable, and both collectors were lahl-by for many days with the fover-und-ngue. **1n the Immedlate nelshibarhiood ‘of Part Murcaby hirds were plentiful; hut the beautiful Bird-of-Faradise (&, rugglana) 14 ouly found in the thick forests on’ the mointaion of the interlor. Parrabrets, porrote oud cockatoos, plyeons aud dover, wers nymerous amone the Jungle, and the helta of tall trees along the Rivers Laraki and Veturea, Mr, R. fiowdler Shorpe, who has the birds pra- cured by Mr, Stone under ‘examination, Teparts in Aature that Ornlthology witl galn very little that In nuwy from thls collection, or frou thnt of Sizuor IPAlbertin, Port Myresby proves 1o be unprodct- ive when compared with the rich flelds in North- weatorn New (tinen, which recently yielded 52 nndescribed apeclea to’ the lallan nnivralist, De, Becear, However, the collection of Mr, Stone ¥hows tht the avifauns of Koutheastern New Quinea conelsts rather of - Aru forma than of Sal- waltt o Lorey upecies. . NUI'RITE OF AMYL, The recent legistation In the Englsh Parlla- ment. on the custom of experimenting upon animals for the allezed advance of Selence, has cnlled forth an extended defenso of the practice from Dr. B. W, Richardson. An abstract of hls argament is glven in successive numbers of Nature, the last one of which contalns an Inter- esting history of tho tests by which the curative propertics of nitrite of amyl-wore discovered. This substance, which, according to Dr. Rich- ardson, * 18 now ono of the most useful agents in the hands of the physiclan, and, what {s niost to the porpose, 8 one of the most useful for relieving the cruelest and pluntulest dlseases,” was dlscuvered by Balard thirty years ogo. It was produced by the action of nltrous ncid on amyllc wleohol, and, by the absorvation of Rleckher, its vaper, on belng Inhaled, was fonud to induce heail- ache, Ko further disclosures were mude respect ing it until Prof. Guthrle, of the Londun Schiool of does Bl peucita and oils, to render o falthful tranacript ‘of the roul, us well us of the body fu which it fa enshrined, % SPARKS OF SCIENCE. FLORA 'MOUND ABOUT CHICAGO. ‘Tun LopeLia AND BELLWORT FAsiLY.—One of the wost brilllut flowers tn the North- Amerlean’ flura, the resplendent Cardinal- Flower (Lolelia cardinalia), is now in bloom in low, damp grounds, Its stems grow from two to four fect high, ond terminate in spikes of flery svarfet. 1t Is not n flower to be missed or mistukien; for, however swiftly the spot may be passed where it 8 standing, it gleams-out from the surrounding fotlage ke a flash of flame, proclaiming'tts presence und tfentity unequivo- cully. A wallroad-trdp of uny distance can searcely be taken, at the present scason of the year, without frequent vislons of this gorgeous flower dazzling the eyeas theeara speed throngh wet and marshy places: In our fmedtate vietulty, the Cardinal-Flower abounds at River- side, Evanston, and Calumet. In the sume localitles waidh ts near aid goy couzln affects, thy Great Lubela (L. syphilitica) mukes it home, This is aleo a ehowy flower of un lutense hue; but, its cotor being blue Instead af eenrlet, It is less consplcuous than the one beo- faro mentioned, Plie Llossoms of the Great Lobe. Ha are crowded in Jong splhoa, 1ifted upon ¢ from one to threw fect from the gronnd. | Glencoe, ivershite, and Calumet ure fovurite ubodes of the fhandvome species, which is now in its prime. The Indian 'Fobaceb ( L. fuflafa), whick has been n popu. 1ar medictne with u certaln achuol of phyalcia now almast extinct, 1s found vecasionally at cue and Laporte, ' 1t lsa slendut liesd, from nino toolghteon inches bigh, bearing small, pale-blue flowers, which are succeeded by infated seed- pods. "Thy L. epleate 13 common jn the ficlds northand west of the city; and the L. kabmil, at Hyde Park and soutbward, The Bret-named f;’lxtl:‘" Into blossom jn June, and the #econd rather Thcsc ste tho ouly ropresentatives wa have of the Lobeliucew, —n Tauily which fucludes about 400 epeclo, - Al the membors of tho Urder sra herbaceous, and havo s milky, oeld julce, They are u Uanyerous group of plante, some of thein bebng virulont polsons. Even tno Cardinal-Flower f¢ to be treuted with caution, na (s heavy, un- wholes induce u head. e odor Wil fro Sehe The £ hutordy witch 13 used as u mediclne, | caured many a dvatl Leen 8o much Emlmlmyu au omelic, bss \lwm 1 powerful action, Mines, while distilling the nitrite, obmerved that the vapor aleo Induced fusbing of the face, rapid actlon of the leart, aml a pecaliar breathlesshors, “he facte hulii publisiied, it was thuaght that the ngent mliht prove n powerful stimnisnt. and o ured I curew of Kyncope wnd exhaustion, A specimen was, therefora, submitted to e, ftichord- o, with the'vequiest that he woult Inuirs it oo "phiyeiolorical und therapention] “yropenties. De. Jtichardeun bean hls experiments upon hine self, and such harly enthusints ad were willing to et ifo i health, for ihe philunthrapic puruore of testing w poskible ogent for the ulleviation of human wiffering, I tlie conre of s experis meate, Dr, Jtlchardeon soon found the nitrite 100 dangerous an agent to use blindly on the human wnbjeet. Ono of hls operatars was.nearly Kiled by Inhalfig ity hence It was witely detéenined that futuro experiments must ha teled with the luwer aulouls, - Frops, guinea-plgs, coth, nd Fabibits were thoucetorth subjrcted to (he vapor of nitelte of amyl, ae De Kehardron and Lix cofabor- ntorn had before. Hud thly weans of ro- search fuiled hin, then the Doctor wonla have been obliged o Jay * iy now. valuable remedy aside o u_dungerons mibsinuce,— sibstanco ot to ho udded o the armory uf fractical tiedicine,™ "l fret resull of hin iguiry wos an assuryce that nitrite of amyl was not an aneathetic, The nerxtetep I the livetbation sowed tiae * The netlon of the nitelte was directly ou the nervous eystems and thut siuch sction, transferred ta the tilaments of nerves sucrounding the artcrles, paras Iyzed the yaro-perves, on which the heaet inimie. iely Injocted the vessels, caueing the pecaliar redneis of the ukin and the other phenvmens that linve been nareated,™ Flnally, os the. conclusion of & luug aud patlent sopies of experlments, Dr. Rtichurdaon sstabliaied the fact that nitrite of amyl Waw the most potent chemleal agent tiat bl ever een discovercd for OVErcoming muacuios apnsms. Afterascertaluiig e therapeatical position of this temedy, be deetied how iCehuwdd st bo adiline Bteted by expetiments tiled upon himself, ** Lupent throc yearn i aesearch on the phywios Togleal properties ol nitrite of amyl,™ he reinarks, ** i ander (o diccover Jin placo a8 u meany of cure of huwan maladies, 11 § hod spent lelllfl yeurs ine steud of theee, the time and jubor had notbéen badly vepnld," In concludiug the history of By Ivosti- gations into the nature of the upent, Dr. Richards pon further reaarke: *4The point 1 want to keep An miud ie, that the reauits ulu'ml{ wbtatned are the mental fuguiry, 1 atood at the gute cte 1his wows remedy cato fraos, 100k it st asa phyeician, from fhe Land of the chemiat. 1 cetermined fts pluce jumedlcine. Then other wen tooks it from me, aud conOruied my eatl- wuate. Thus the history of this reaiedy 18" mado clear from §ts beginningg; and it 18 moat Just Lo eoy that, If I, or sonw vne elve given to liko incthod of research by oxpeelment, had not tested the sgent Intho ramio way, tho tesults thut have slréady Lees obtalued from It had been lost, Whethier tho results aro worthy tho method, —whether, for in- 1 CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SATURDAY. SEPTEMBER 9, 1876~TWELVE PAGES, S, dleease can be cured by art, —these are (he aerfoun Kind of uestlors on which oplulon i now di- vided, " i REUNION ISLAND The Te de Bourbon, or Reunfon Island as it fs now called, Inoke, ns it {s represented oun topogrephical map, lkea huge voleanfe mass thrown up oot of the sea. One-sixth of the {slaud is, in fuct, occupled by aringle mountaln, the Piton de Fournatse, situated {n the routh- cast part of Reunlon, which is the Jargest and one of the most ativo yoleanoes In the world. Its peak rires to a hetght of 7,200 feet: and its crater, often changing position, has discharged auch volatnen of fava and scorle (hat n rurronml- ing diatrict of 10,000 acres has heen rendereda desert wante, The eraptious of this voleano occur Atlenst twice o year, and, at {utervals of six or elght yeara, pour forth streamia of lava that sfreich tothe rea, ' The higheat peak on Rtennlon is the Piton de Nteges, which schide up its pinnacle, from the centre of the lsland, 10,000 feet above the level of the sea, Two other peaks in the northern part of the mountaln-mass, the Grand Bernard anid l[lw'(‘hnamler. are respectively 9,500 and 7,300 ccl 2] The area of Rennlon meanares 38 miles in length and 26 mllen in hrendth and the soll, except i what {#tormed the **Turned Land," aurronnding tho Piton de Fouenalre, i« oxceedinely fealtfal, Abont & fourth of the arable Iand I under enitivation,and thin Ties chiefiy along the cunst. 'The populntion numbers ewd thnn 10, —the Prench, tn whom e dsland helunga, constitnting, in the gnrrison- towne,a kocicty of about 2,000 ronln, “lteunion ', claves, mogar, saltpetre, dyo- ut In'ohlized to fnport 8 por. ereals it consumen, while the catile needed for aee are brought from Madagascar, which Tien 560 milen to the weat, A lulnmn]ucn}flhn of the volcano of Ponrnalse Isgiven In Ja Nafurs, by M, Ch. Velain, who, with & nimall purty, virited' the center In 1474, In Au- gnrt of that year, the volcano eiceted a torrent of Tava, which, howeser, lasted only twa daye. M. Velain hoped 1o reach the crater In thae to witness an eraption, but was dirappointed, ps, by the 2d of September, the monntain bad subsided to a stnte of reet. The'producta of the voleano were found by hini to be composed matnly of hisaitie or vitre. «aus |avax, rich in chryrollte, which in nften poured. out in voluminons and compact masecs, - Rt VAUCANSON. A monument to the memory of Vaucgnson, the great mathematiclan of the last century, has recently been erected at Grenoble, France, Itis to the ingenulty of Vaucanson that the world owes the invention of the chaln for com- munleating motion ot a distance, Through the application of this principle, e was enabled to construct the first splnnfoz-machine and his wonderfully clever automata. Tt Is eajd that among these jart marvels of mechanism was a duck which could waddieon n dry surface ond swim in the waters which conld quack, cat and drink, und act- ually digest 1ts food by i of chemicoln Intr dueeil o the etomnach, cnemlen amane the arlstocecy, Lutiix XV, cased with the action of tiie Atademy. s, when the intellizence wed broughi b tent of Vancanzon: 4 \e will nek hird to conatruct for we an antomaton Acidemlclan, Yaucanson's colleetion of nuchines, ) the nueleus of the Consery ey Aris PENDULU RVATIONS, 1t {5 etated that the results of the pendulum- ohservations canducted in India elnce 1865, and caleulated at Kew with the fnvaria pendo- Inms of the Royal Sodety, *ofier incontesta- ble evidence In confirmation of the hypothesis of n diminution of density In the strata of the earth's craet which lle under contlnents and monntaines, anrd un Increase of density In the steata atnier the ted of the oceani ol it I elear that clevatfona ahove the meay kea-ievel are uecosapaniad by an attennntlon of the matter of the crust, and de- pressfous by o eonsolidation. " i TEMPUS AUCTUMNALE, Now that to neters and gay golden-rod The ronghest bank gives late bnt beant ous Wirth; Now that with groaning wains the oven plod, Slow drapging homeward the good gifta of Earth; Tn wen'rone pllea the yo Whtle: the Tate sun bia v:on And goliden mlsts obncuro the dreamy Now that {he niehts come kooner than Now that the o that the paths with rosact fen es are hld, And Sronty gentians shine atfd the fern,— ‘Who hot recalls, In silence and regret, Eome racred duat whereon the dend eaves fofl; Wha, in this time for mem'ry, can forget ‘The chunges that ths yeur hax brought to alt? Tnch one hnth felt the stroke of death draw near, — uth wept a brother, or hath mourned a friend, — And each conslders, in the waning Y‘cnh ‘That he himwelf Is nearer to the end; For the ahort conrer the cireling seasons trace fay well epitomize lfc's ehanirinz way, nd, In ity briefer but eventful race, “The vev’rnl agen of monkind portray. Flest comer the fnfant Spring, with hreezes mild, With early buds aud hopefal pronusinz: Like the falr youth of « delightfui child 18 the rst Nuehing of the tender Spring, Ani thien rucceed the fervid Summer-time, Full of bright blovms, broad uvons, and sultry heat; . Like the full triumph of a mortal's prime, When the far heights feel hiv ascending feet. Then Autumn followe, with hier alow decline, When leaves are fallefi, and when birds are fied; Tikie that rad aga that must be yours and mine When Itope has left tie and awdet Youth is dead. Ani ast comes Winter, enrtatned alt about. With paiiid snow and skics of nehen-grays Like that laty hour when Lifo's spent flamo burns out: 4The rest fs eflence, " we poor players say. CiraniEs Nonig Grkoonr, e FAREWELL TO SUMMER, Summor ir fading; the brond Jeaven thot grew. SafreMly green when.une was young, are falllug; And, all tho whisper-haunted forest through, The resticrs bicds in snddened toner nre calllng, Frow rustling hazel-eopre aml tangled dell s s Farewell, sweet Sumimer, Frugiant, fruity Summer, Bwect farewel Tpon the windy Lills, 15 many a field, 'he honey-bees hum slow above {he clover, Gleanlng e tatest mveets [ta binvms ey yietd, And. knowing that their harvdet-time {u ovur, Sing, balf a lullaby and half o knell: . *Farewell, sweet Sumuier, Honey-laden Suminer, Biveet farewell ™ Tho ittio brook that babblen 'mid the forns, O'er bisted roots and sandy shallows playing, Seema faln to Hnger in its vddled turns, And with a plamtive, preling voica In saying, Eadder and sw veter thun my song can tell: *UFarewell, #weet Snmuier, Warn und drenmy Summer, Sweet farewell1” Tho Atfnl breeza ssieepr down the winding lane, With rold and erfumon Jeaves befare it fiyfog} T gusty Isugzhitor has o sound of pain, 131 10 tho Tulle it sinks to gentle eighing, Aud wouriis tho Summer's aarly-hroken spell: lrarewell, sweet Sunmer, Roey, bivoming ety Bweet farewel §0 hird.and bee,and hrook, and hreoze make moan, With melancholy roug tieir low compinining; 1, too, wust jobi them, us 1 walk alons Among tho sighty and soynds of Sumwner's withinz; 1, tov, hayeToved the scnson pacaing well: y Ko farewel], Sum Fuir, but faded Summer, Sweet farewell) —George Arnold. ‘' DOLCE FAR NIENTE." !l{ friend, my chum, my trusty crony! War were designed, it reems fome, ™ ¢ Tob fwo hapyt laxzaront, xniine fed and macearont, 0 un sue Sicllian sea, From dawn ta eve In the happy lund, No duty on us byt to fle—" &tiuw-hatted on (e shinms sand, With bronzing ehiest, atd urm, uid hand-. Beavatl the blue Ltulian ‘There—with the mountuing Wiy glanstug “Thelr parple splendors i the sen— T wateh he wilte-winged veasels pogslng (Fortunes fur lsicr fools amasaine), Tl wore o hieaven (o you und gl Our incerschoums colarinz cloudy-brown, Twa young girls coluring with & bluali, Tho Llao waves with silvor crawn, The mountaln-sladows dropping doiva, And abl the air in pecfuct bish, ‘Thus should we llo {n the lmp{b’ Jand, Nor faine, nur powor, noe fortunggmlise; Etmw-hatted of the ehining sand, With bronzlug chest, aud wrm, and hand— Twao loafers conched in perfect bllvst —Charles U, Halplne, ———— Ninkivg by Maclhjuory. They “rink” by machinery now in London. An upparatus ‘thut is attached to tho roof is fastoned to tho shoulders of the rinkomaulucs, 4 gl t duct who aro thus cuubled to diport themselves to ::T:l;::l‘nnl“l‘mg o v?.'nfl.’m[.'l': 1B Ordor th m‘_g"},‘;fi thelr hearts’ coutent without tho possibility of & plao by which tetanus luduced tu waun by satusal | falling, ] THE FLORIDA WAR. More [nteresting Reminiscences by *'Capt. Sam.” The Cherokeo ' Talk” to the Beminoles === Death-Jcene, Description of Osccaln, Micanopy, Coahne Joy and WildeCate Fur The Trilune. Z Eatly in November, 1837, the Poinsett Inft Charleston for the 8t. John's River, having on board a number of army-officers, and four Chierokee Chlefs under protection of Cal. 8her- burne, The last were a deputation from Wash- fugton to the Seminoles, bearfug with thein A “TALRY from Jolin Ross, the Head-Chlef of the Chero- kee Natlon, the most Important part of which I subjoin: To th# Chiefs, [13d-Hen, and Warrinra of the Sentuales: | addrens you in the name of the Chero- lece Nutlon, a9 ite principal Chief, and, with the feelinge of a hrother, hoid ont to you the hand of fricndship. | oin of the ahorlginal race of the red men of Ul\uf{nvnl island, and Ao are you: bt the path which feads from niy conncil-firea to those of youraisn long one, and there hus heen no luter- couree between us. Vel the time was when oir ancestars ance amoked the pipe-of-peace together. Thercfore, 1 o4k you (0 listen tn my talk, The talk went on to show that, though the In- dfan tribes had nll good cause of complaint ugainst the Government of the Unlted States, Ktill the Clicrokees lind strong falth that, In the end, justice wotthd be meted ont to them and all the otlier complatning trihes. [t urged the Scmi- nole Chicfs to luy aside thelr warllke attitude,— promising them, in the name of theGreat Father ut Washington, that, if they did so, o treaty would be negotiated with tlem, and that o vell shauld be thrown over every occurrence of the war, “so that they may be covered up, and never remembered or revenged,' ete. 1. was rigned ¢ Koowes-ko-wee” (Tohn Rogs), avd ad- dressed to * Micanopy, Coacochee or Wild- Cat, Osceola, Powell.”” But, while the Cherokee delegation, with this pacific document, were on thelr way to meet Osceola, that. great warrlor liad been buscly lured Into the toils of the white man, and wus hen a prisoner-of-wor in the fortress at St Au- gustine. . . TIT POINSETT, while Iyingg at Garey's Ferry, was & welcome hote! for the army-officers; and, ns the shore ue- eommodations were quite restricted, our dinner- hell was o tovsin that brought them flocking to our well-spread tuble: und, when the musieal mosquitaes,—the nightluzales of Black Creek,— tuned up thetr vesper-songs, General, Colonel, and Livutenunt rushed to our cublos to find a comfortahle ludzment, In December, 1597, the Polneett wos ordered to St. Augnstive, and [ had many opportunities of visiting the cuptive Indians, A DEATI-SCENE. . One day T entered the area of the forf, and, opening one of the Toams, a ACUS Was present- cd to my graze which 1 shall never forget. 3 on amat_before me luy u broth- o n reola, and one of his bruvest ware rios, In the leat agonies of death; while kneel- fngr ot hixside was his sister, her beautiful eyes raised to I} with an expression of utter agony and grief. A VICTURE, While Irtong by fhie side of the expiring brave, pondering over the harsh usages of war, und the eriiel fate that seemed to pursue the American abordeines with fleree and uorelent- ing stepn, the dooer behind was rudely pushed open, aud o figure stosd before me which en- chatned my elove: attentfon, “An _Indian Chief, In Lis warsdrers, a bluck plume flonting grne- Tully above one of the most beautitul s strik- Iniz countenances Ihnd ever behield, drow him- seif up hefure the dylng wurrlor, and, folding his arns across his breast with indescriboble grace and dignity, he pazed upward with an ex- preesion of mingled griel und hutred, This wang Osceoln, the * Head avd Heart" of the Seminoles, Thus be stood for some minut faint breathlug of the d raued at Inet, e turned to one of the Government Inspectors, and told him to report to Col, Fenning the foct that the unticalthy eirof the prisonvwas decimat- g Nis teibe day by day, and to ask for them greater Nberty and wiore hatritious food. OSCEOLA. This celebrated Chief waa not really n Seind- nole, hut o Creek: and his Castillan foatures and complexion gave risc to some romantie storles that he was o tove-child,—the lesue of u Creek Chleftain’s amour with one of the oldand wealthy Sjpanish ladles of. Bt. Augustine, His rerined manner and bearing mve w the report a remblance of truth, at uny rate. He certainly was one of the most complete epeelmens of per- fect manty form and beauty that I ever aw. About 5 feet. 11 fuches In” stature, he was s strafizht 28 un arrow, with a face of remarkable beauty. Iis hands were stnall and exquisitely- formed; his Hibs of faultless wold; his moves ments grace personifled ; and his unstudied atti- tudes classie In the bighest dogy Shortly after thls vrison-seene, we took on boarid thie steamer all the eaptive Indlang, with nbout 200 women and children, to transport them to Fort Moultrie, on_ Suliivan's Island, in Charleston Ilarbor; and during that trip I had abundant opunrmnhlcn of studyini the charae- ters of our tawny guests, Let me describe them fn detail, THE SEMINOLE CHIEFY, First in rauk, though very undeecrvedly so, wus Mlcanapy, called the “ War-Chief," though that title resily belonized to Osceola. ik was o short, fat, Jolly-looking (and fecling) fellow; and at our eabin-table, to whileh the Clilefs were made weleome, Lie sat on the right hand of the head of the table. He was very loquacious, und, throngh lis luterpret- er, he gave us to understand that he was doing o *land-oflice business " at the thue of bis cup- ture, relling the negro slaves and the horses he had stolen frum the Florlda plaututfons, Tho sly old rasenl would sip alternately from the lusaes, ule, porter, champagne, and then loudly call to * Hen,"" his [uterpreter, sud the most villatnous-lovking negro 1 ever saw, for o glass of whicky.” Next to him sat the renowned Osceola, par- takin, Ap:lrlnf;l af the meats, n]:)nrm‘,: entlrel the wines nud liquors, and seeming ouly to rel- Inh the cricked corn and -milk prepured by his wives in the sleernge, aud sent o bis place at the cabjn-table. r , anid, as the COATIAIO, ‘This old Chief won my highest regard and ereteem, far wore than any othier of the crowd; nor do I think that awmeng all the red men Nave seen, I have yet beheld his peer, He was truly one of *“Nuture's noblemen.” Tall, sym- metrieal, with a countennnee which tho “old nuasters would have given worlds to transfer to thelr eanyas, he was w model of & man and o entlemun, 1e was a passenger with_me, un- surveillanee, of course, up-the 8t. John's River to Picolata, some weeks betore (he lost embarkation from 8t, Anguctiue; and [ becane rreatly attached to the old Creek Chicftain, hh wf’h‘, with the others, wis in the steoraje Lut, hefore the old man left the cabin-tab] my side, e would put up pheces of cuke, ple, angl other delicacles to carry o his “squaw ' and two very Interesting children, to ull of whum lie secined greatly attached. Oue doy 1 suld to hlm: 4 Coalia)o, why don’t you bave 10 W ‘Hkl' Osceals ! ‘l‘l.\}lwhx-,‘ sakd he, “oune man one hiwa’ wife) ( Osceola, on the contrary, treated Wis adoring SQUBWS with almost conteimptuons {udifTercnce, One of the oflicers said to hin Osecola, when you get to Chuvleston, the white squaws will i asay with .\llr;lnul?' and you(" Al yes!™ gald he, “perhaps they may do so with e, furlum of them will wanl “Micaopy” s ut fuuuz aud handsonie; but none anythiug to do with old, ugly A CHIEP'S QIPTE, Osceola gave mo a plume which he wore at the battle of Withlucoochee, sud a handsome paie of leggings which e wore when he fought tien, Septt at Oshoo Swamp. He wun very valn ot his liands and feet, quite Toppish {n tuact, were ik not for s cloud of suds cnees which ehroudod Ris features constuntly, e plned oway, slowly fiom the time hie wis | made prisoner so treacherously, and Iam sure «ghat his ailment was inore attrionteble to bis despair thsn to cousumption, us the physiclous oascrted: Tor stil) tho heart may break, yet brokenly liveon. One day, 1s was his custow, Coubinjo st on deck by my state-room-door,. with both of his Jittlo chilldren—a boy of 5 and w bright Hitle girl of $—on lils knees, und b wus unu'aslu¥ them fomdly, when 1 touk oue of the mourniug breaste pins then so fnshlouable, und pinjied it on the il breast, Tho old Chief seemed very decp- y utfected at this mark of juy tuterestin his Laby, and he rewarded me with one of bis pleas- aut smilcs, and warmly gragped iy hand. WILD-CAT, ur Caacnochice, was une of the most desperate of the youug warrlors, und hu eseaped from bis captora acveral tmes durlng tho war. Ihs tlit- ting from tie 8t Augustine fort displayed con- awnmate skl oud bravery, und bo wasscen o the very noxt action fighting ltko a 4 ‘the van o(r,lluls tribe. g Hger fn thp On reaching Charleston, the Chlefs were o« corted to the theatre, and the notico that they vould be preeentiilied thehouse to averfiowing, The wareiors_scemed delighted at. the interog aud adiration of the Charlesion belles, A THRILLING EPISODE . of our trip to Fort Monltrie occurred one dsy sk dinner, An army-oflicer was posted hetween. each Chief ut. table, while the ship's officers, s well as they, were folly armed to prevent any uprising. Durlnga pause In the conversation, old Ben, ernlm]‘ly'll nicrpreter, leaned over his should-j; and whispered fu hiscar. In an lnstants the whore six of the Chiefs dropped their forks, grasping thelr kniv .gllmwing flercely aremnd them, and altnost. jumping from their seatd. I Jaid my inml on iy earbine, just hehlod me, and each officer grosped bis &word, when the:. Chiefs scttled themselves quictly fn tlelr seats, . - and the Coloncl In charge demanded of the ' rnscally Ben wiiat he lial auid to Micanopy. 118 -+ i stammered and trembled, anging, Dnl.,r?:xhdnt. B hie: only tell Micanopy dat de dish ot de oderend, of de talle was de best.”” Undoubtedly ho had sugpested to the warrlor that it would ba ' an easy thing to overpower the ship's company, - ¢ We kept Ben under survelllance afterivards. b CATLIN'A GALLERY of Tndlan portralts was on exbibition when T reached New York, snd, on visiting it, I gave Dim my Indian trophles procured from the Sem- inolc Chiefs, for which le wns duly grateful, Turged bim to add the finert-looking Indian L had ever gecn to his collection; and on my ad- vive hie hurried to Cuarleston,lor Fort Moultrie- rather, and barcly succecded [n flulshing his portrait of Ogreola when that wonderful man expired,—cursing, I doubt not, with his lateat breath, the white race, for all the wrongs his red brethren had suffered at their haode, ost of the ariny-officers condemned his treacherous enptures and even Col. l"nnnlm." who had lost his left arm at the bloody Dade's massacro, de- nounced the cmployment of tho flag of truca, by Hernundez, Carr. San. —— INDIANS AGAIN, b the Kdilor of The Tribume. CA1cano, Sept. b5.—I have read your extraor~ dinary letter from Mrs. Swisshelm printed in Monday's issue, and am constralned to remark that she hag exhibited a conrage In dealing with the question of Mr. Lo and family that no man | would venture to undertake, The task has at last been performed by o woman, No matter how she got lier knowledge, therels no denying its truth, She I3 quite correct In all the prem- fsea lald down, The reverend gentleman who preachied the extraordinary sermon on Sloux or Clieyenne modesty, sobricty, aod virtue may as well put up shutters and at once retire from busincas on the Indian question to o fleld of theology without o “noble red man™ in it, 1t Is easytosce the gentleman knows as much about ‘Indlan morality as the Indisns do about the acctiltation of 8aturn and the moon thiat ou- red day hefore yesterday morning. . To do "Mrs. 8. the justlce she deserves for &neh an unlimited amount of courage in dealing with the subject, be it said that any one who knows can fndorse every word as literally cor- rect. 1fall to remembier any writer of cither rex who went to the “lotfoin facts™ so con- uisely in showing up the true-fnwardness of life among our “noble brethren® of the plains. It seldom happens that any one knowlng-posic tive, snd at the ssme time disagreeable, truths, degires to tell them so plalnly. There aro hundreds of persons who know Jjust as much, and more tou, on the same question, but lack the ability to put it in words free from touches = of vulzarity, as shio hns done. What man ia there who would undertake (o show up those ereatures in the rame light and o similar lan- guage who would not be termed a hoor of the lowest typel 1s thers any one ready to deny that American women ean do and say just what they please with impunity, whether they be so~ Journing in Gennany, France, or Italy, Writing® n letter to Tag Tuisong, or running a conven tion in Farwell 1ali? Yours resnm.fluné, D = 3 WOMEN AS OFFICE-HOLDERS. . To the Edltor of The Tribune. Cnicaco, Sept. 5.~I read your article in Ton Buxpar Tinuse with tuterest on the subject, “Women as Politiciuns,” and think your re-. marka sensible; but Iwould like to say that, ¢ whatever woman muy be as a politiclan, she cer- - tainly Is sometimes u grand auceess as an office- holder, I left my right arm on the fleld of Get~ tysburg, ond draw a pension from the Govern- nient, and of all the oflices I have ever been in, and I haye transacted w great deal of business with public offices, the Penston Oftice In this clty §8 vun v the most ugreeable and business-ltko . : manner. The pooresy and humblest nun or, 4 womay {s there trented with perfect politeness awd no one [s kept waiting a moment for waol of attentlon. There ure many old soldiers in this eity who agreo with me that for o Pen~ slon Agent 1o one can beat tho woldier's’ dauglhter who Is always at_her post at her offica in (fillcm. and not spending her time a3 most office-holders do,wire-pullingand ele%(ower}ag. TRespecttrlly yours, « «W. e ——— SONG. TRolls the long breaker in splendor, nm‘ tlances, Leaptn in lightl g Laughingand inging the awitt eipplo dances, Sparkling and bright; Up through the henven the cirlew (s fying, Boaring so hight Swectly his wild notes ars ringing, and dying,, [ oAt In 1 tio aky. Glitter tho safls to the ronth-wind careentng, White-winged and brave: DBowing to hreezs and to hollow, and leaning Low o'er the wave, Beautiful wind, with the touch of a lover Leadinz the hours, Helping the Winter-worn world to recaver AlLIts Tost owers, Gladly 1 hear thy warmn whispers of rapture. a'el Horrow is o'er . Iarth All Ler music and bloom shall recapture, Iln))py onew moret —Celia Thulter tn Scribner's for Sepl ber. e e Cricketing Extrardinasary, 4 Sacramentn (Cal.) Record- Unlon., Tn Bull Lun \'nllu{. Nevads, theerickels have * played sad havoe with the growing crops. * The .. ngly pests nttacked one wheattield of thirty: acres, and In an bour destroyed the whole crop, eating thy stalks off closo to thie ground, an then marchied on to other tonquests. Millions of ¢rickets have been Killed, und strew tho ground for miles around, while the vast number which have been driven or found their way into tha streams have inparted a most disAgrecablo flavor to the water, renderiog It unfit for dritflc fng, 50 that the prople have found It necesssary - to dig shallow wells neor the streams and securely cover them over. The firet band that made an fucursion into the valley this P’cnr ot~ . pletely destroyed every growlng thing upon . orettu's Bilver Creck ranch, and his experlenco waus that of many other ranchers I the yalley, A novel method of eleaning out crickets is by | rewine together three gununy sncks, leaving sunll holes in the hottom one faor tho “egress of , - water, This lurge sack Is attached to the endf{ -+ of u slufee box, placed so that thelwater will yun fnto it. The people then ussemble, armed with bells and boughs, aud with a great notso drive the crickets Into the stream, which swiftly( carries them down through thu slice-box into the bag, where they are speedily drowned. A Paluter's ranch few days ago there was ! grand Hdrive,” the resuli bejog suventy-five ) sacka full, o about 225 bushels of crickets,., which Is conslidered i pretty good duy’s work. ———— s tho Ningara Falls irldge Sufo? A Brooklyn Unfon veporter lns been talking with Mr. E. E. Farrington, master mechanie of the Brookl i" ridge, and reports the following statement by that geutleman (n regurd to the Suspenslon Bridge ut Niagara Falls: Three or four years agq the bridgo owner pro- poscd (o substitiite lronfor the wooden beamns and wooden trestle work counocting the twoiloora, aud Col, l(wb\lnu nde a deslpn carrying out thele suggentions: but the plans wero put inide and thu woud s #thi) there, and suma of it in a terribly- decaying state, 1t will be remembured that there ure two iloors, one above the other, the upper tivor for the oty and that uderucall for carriage Ay, Farrington sayathese foorsarema very condltlon, and i thoraugh repuirs are not. quich mude the commnnity ony morning will be shoc! a 4 by reading of u frlghtful uceldent there, ‘Tho trostle-work by exposure to the wet und mlst ls Tittlo botter thun touchwooll tn placee, ‘Phe wirse works {8 pood engugh, ‘'he systom under which the bridgy wan bullt lu correct, but at the time the Lridze was pub up fron hud not coms [nto general use, and wood wos used 1 its construction inury thun Jt wouldbe If the bridge was going t bo, Dbublt to day. . Mr, Farrlnglon thiuks It woufd ‘coat! about £100,000 to substitate iron for wood and put the structuro Iu thorough repalr, Jo xald: V'L hupe and trust au accldent may ot oconr ther, but it there should be ono thu bisme must mot ba. 1aid by the public upon thesystem of construction, - bt upen the ownera of th property for negloctiog . proper repairs. ' , ; Whut Saved Himy Down fn Texas, the other day, u white police. man was aking o negho to fall. Otber negrocs futerfered, and the policeman wus knocked, down. The ussaulting negro wus arregted and put §n Jufl. Three hundred white inen combine [n Iyuch the neuro, but they gave up the i when Col, McClure called upon the mob to rerse, saying I the negro was fiumy he woulk « ¢ baonged legudly, and asked thom to forbear; * . Win tho name of Gud,Justice, and the politice 13sue now agliuting Liw country.” And uow tho miseruble negro isin doubt whether to thauk - God, justice, or tho palitical fssus fur Lis lle. .