Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, September 2, 1876, Page 10

2 QEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF 10 LITERATURE. Prof. Worthen’s Geological Survey of Illinois. The Last Volume of Apple- ton’s American Cyclo- pedia. A History of Painting--Skotehes’ of Chicago---Darwiniana. Exposition of the Universal Metrio System-~Charles Sprague's Work, o The Classes into which Socisty Was Divided in Old Japan. Flora Round. About Chi- cago: The Aster Family. Becd-Qermination in XYce--The Appa- lachians---Adultoration of Claret, i LITERATURE. . GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF ILLINOIS. ILLINOIS: A, 1T, Wontn Dinkerot. Volume VI.—Grotooy AND PaLTONTOLOUY. QEOLOGY.—Dy A. M. Wontukx and Asslsinnts, G. C. Growihend and K. T. Cox. PaALEONTOLOGT—HY ORKSTEN BT, Joay, A, 1. Wontnzx, and P, B, Mereek, 4to., P B Pabltied by Authurity of thie Stalo yinlatore. The Geologieal Survey of Tilinols was placed under the direction of Prof. A, IL Worthen in the spring of 1855, For fourtecn years there- after the State appropriated $5,000 aunually for the prosecntion of the epecific work of the ex- plorations, and §500 per annum for work In the department of Topography. In 1870 the an- nual approprintion was increased for the terin of two years to 215,000, in order that the feld- work might within that time, by the ald of n sufficlent corps of nesistants, be brought to o concluston. At the expiration of the regular annual appropriation in 1872, a further sum of $2,000 was allowed for the expenses of the Burvey for a single year; after which 83,600 per anuum was set apart for two years ns salary for _the Director and his assistant, and 81,500 to de- fray the cost of the illustrations for the Apal Report of the Survey, The first two volumes of the Report were published in 1566, the third {n 1868, the fourth In 1870, the fifth In 1873, and the sixth and last In 1875, The several volumes have averaged about 550 pagea each, and have contained in al! 175 full-puge plates, bLesides numerous wood-euts, . Two paramount aims have been steadily kept in vlew by Prof. Worthen throughout the con- -duct of the Survey. First of these has been the development of the material resources of the State, for the direct and practical venefit of its cltizens s and sceond,the contribution to8clenceof such discoverles ns might result from a study of thegeological deposita teposing within its broad territory. Devotlon to thls bifold object has rendered the volumes embraced In the” Report equally valuable to the farmer, the manufac- turer,” the merchant, the capitalist, and the student of Geology, l‘nlmnmugy, and kindred sUences. “The Loundurles, tho configuration, and the Phy jeud i very county in tho State have been y depicted; the character of thelr soil deseribed’ thelr adaptation to particu- Tar crops and moides of agriculture pointed-out; snd the amount of thelrtimbered lands, thelr water-privileges, and thelr mineral resources, fojthfully estimuted, With this cxact knowl- edge given them of the natural advantages of- fefed In the varlous portions of the State, the cltizens of 1Mnols re enabled to choose intel- « Hgently the place of resldencd best sulted to thelr taste and voeation, and to feel con- fident that whatever Investments they make may be, by ite guldance, wise- Jy Inld-out and reasonably sure of & proper reward, For information of this service- able nature, the Commontwealth of Tllinols hns rertainly not pafd too rdearly by the malntenance of its Geological Survey, * The value of the sclentific results of Prof. _ Worthen's work will, of course, not he under- stood by the bulk of the people. Its just up- preciation will como from those engaged tn sei- entifle studies and pursuits; and ulrcudy It has vecelved from them a general approval, ‘The lust uppropriation for the mlxpofl. of the Burvey expired_in June, 1875; aud the u!asth voluuic of the Report, delayed a twelvemonth on zavount of the necessarily slow exceution of the engravings and map, s now ready for dis- tribution, 1t mcludes, fn Part First, the geology of twenty-cight conntivs,~being all nut hereto- fore described; and, in Part Second, descrip- ttans of the fussi) tishes acenrring tn the rocks of Ulinols, Qlustrated with thivty-three full-page plates, A geologienl mup of the entire Stute vompletes thy volume. "I'he counties deseribed occupy the southessts ern and central portion of litols, aud are In the wain shallar jn thelr agricultural and min- sral produe The upper coal-meuasures are seantfly represented Inmost of them; but the Tower Conl-seamns, 1ylng at u depth of from 260 S0 1,00 feet below the purface, ure fu full foree, and, when the thue arrves that deep minl; required to supply the denmud for f: prove an abouuding sowrce of wos und durable stone for bulhding-purposes is found inadequate amount inthe majorlty the countlus, ns also sand and gravel for_the manu- facture of road-beds, plaster, Deposits of making ocear inasum- wnd, rurely, beds of potter's clay nre note Iron, the only metul olwerved, very seldom exists In sufficlont quantitics to warraut mining, - Chalybeate, ml{.hm" und oth- er mlneenl-springs oceur in flamilton, Clay, aud Mazon Counties. Gallutn County, one of the most interesting 1n the ltat, both from au economical anl gevlog- {eal point of viesy, contains au fnexhaustible re- servalr of salt brlue bencathits surface, Allthe water-courses and springs in theconnty are more wr less mpregnted with salt,—Saline, the prine cipnl river, taking Its nume from the clrenm- stanee. At an early date, before the discovers of the kult springs on the Kanuwha River, Gal- latin l,‘uumfy supplled an {(imwense extent of conntry with salt. The works were owned by = thié Government, and thelr dally vield wis salid to'be from S0 (o 100 bushels, Aftor the estab- lislanent of salt-works in Virginia sud Ohio, those on the Sallne River were abundoned, Tn IR0 they were ngain opened by au enterprising N, whieh, after the expenditure of a large caplial n Iiaproved methods of manufucture, bus built upu snccesstul buslness. The uvernge product of the works fs now from 60 to 80 bar- rels per dn{'. Crawford County has witbin its precinets an Interesting collection of uctitlclal mounds, On the gravel terrace south of Hutsonville ifty-five of these curlous carthworks are grouped to- gethier, They range n belght from 510 10 fect ; uwtone of the largest 18 sirroquded by o wall of carth from & to 6 feet wide and 3 feet Ligh, and within its fuclosure the spucs meusures ahout 100 feet fit diumeter, A great number of shmilur structures exist [n Fayette County, JLis 1o be regretted.thut the Btate has not coutinued its appropriution for the Bur il wll the foxdls collected fn its progress were thoroughly studicd. P'rof. Wortheh reports that the corals und bryozoans remain alost wn- ched, while snany of the most cammon forms never been itlustrated nor the de hed in nny work now awessib) eral student.” Important iuformution with Tegard Lo the conl-meussures 18 also constantly accumulating through experiments with the drill_und by the siuking of shufts; aud this should be regularly colluted uud published for the benelit of the people. It would be tice to the Contmnonwealth, and to the Director who hus served its Intercsts so falthfully fn the prasecutlon of the Burvey, that his oflice be continued until the detuils in the several de- partiseuts of his work are accurately and coin- pletely worked-out,—a task which, with the meaus and the time atlotted hliny it has beeohin- possible for Lim wholly to sccomphish, ——— AMERICAN CYCLOIEDIA. FIE AMERICAN CYCLOPADIA: A Vorutan Inctionany oy GeNEnaL Knuwiznoe, Edited by Growek Turixy ond Cuaniks A. Dana, Yolume XVI, THOMBONE-ZYNusl, New York: D. Appleton & Co. 1870, This {5 the final volume of the most thorough Dicslonary of General Euowledge that has ever pub ~LHE ‘UHICAGO 'TRIBUN : DANURDAY, SLEPLhuBER been undertaken in America; and it s only falr tosay that the publishers have done sl they promised in the first instance. The work s in no sense merely n modernized edition of ity predecessor, but an entirely new and original Cyclopedia, which has had all the benetlt, ot courae, of the previous cxperience of the edltors and contributors, It hasbeen published with a promptness that s characteristically Amerfean; and indecd, ns one of the chief values of n General Dictlonary {s its completences, it is bighly unsatisfactory to awalt fts completion over a long term of years, But there is no rea- son to think that any part of the work has been done cll;ihunuly hecause it hoa been done promptly. Indeed) tn a circular fnclosed In this volume, amt sent out by Prol. Proctor fn amatter chlefly of personal intereat, we learn fncidentally that it has been the practice of the mlllnq to submit articles on Apecinl aubjects to other®experts thun those who lave written them, and thus open-up w feld for comparison and suggestion which lins enabled them to make the mwst exhaustive research o the case of each separate subfect. The llst of con- tributors to the varlons volwines shows, too, L that the most advanced thinkers and maost eml- nent writers hnve been ealled fnto the service of the work, The sixteen yolumes of ‘which the entire work consists cover® range of lopics which, In eelection and treatment, sre best adapted to the times snd our own cowntry, The Awerlean Abrary which can alford “only one Cyclopredia shonld sclect Appleton's without hesitatlon, elther for gen- ernl rendlng or for reference purposcs, We ]\rcmm: that the practice will be_continued of suing annual volumes, so that the current of discovery undd development, as well ns the sequence of historical events, may be followed upi and the possessor of the C{clop:tdl:l, with e adjuncts of the Annuals, will have a_ver! complete historical, sclentific, geographlealy Liographical, and retigious tibrary. PAINTING, SCHOO0LS AND MASTERS OF PAINTING: Witn AN AVPPENDIX 0% THE PRINCIPAL GALLERIES OF Kunors. + G, Rapertrzs. Illustrated, 14mo., pp. New York: D. Appleton & Co. A useful contribution to the library of Art {s made In the present volume. More than one work with a shinilur title has appeared Lefore, but nene which covers qulte the same ground, and n 8o cffectunl a manner, It furnishes a de- tafled Wistory of the progress of Pafnting, from the era of Its glorlous development in Greece down to the present day. The materials for o sketch of Pagan Art are very scanty, but ayeh s can be gleaned have been woven into the ac- counts of Painting in Egypt, Aseyria, Greece, and Etrurla. The rise of Christfan Art s traced, from the primitive records in Suulpture and Drawing perpetuated [n the Catacombsi the Ecclesiastical Art of Byzantium; the Mintature-Painting in the fourth and fifth cen- turfes; and the Dluminations, .exquisite in color and patient in_tinish, which decorated the manuscript-books of the Middle Ages. "Through the early centuries, when Art was strugeling for very existence amld the pervad- fog gloow of fgnorance and barbariam, the his- tory Is unusually full; as it also is through the perlod when the reat Schools of l(nli-, Ger- nany, and Hollaud were ot the height of their rosperity and productivencss. ~ The later gulmuls of Fruuce and of England are more lightly treated. The chapter on the *Schools of Palnting,''—in which chronotoglcal lsts of the chief pulnters belonglug to each are _cnumernted,—und thut on the most celobrated ** World-Pletures,” are especially interesting. The A|vl|cml|x, contalulng o deacription of the Galleries of Europe, is u valuable adjunct of the bool, We note the absence from this catalogue of the Gallery of St. Peteraburg, the second largest on the Continent; but this {s doubtless owing to the author’s lnck of ability to give anaccount of it from personal knowledjre. The volume deserves particular commenda- tlon for the research in the literature of Paint- ing, aud for the candid study of both obseure unil well-known cxatnples of the Art which it evinces, nud likewlse for the,modest, eautious manner fu which eritleisma snd judgments are pussud upon artlsts and upon thelr works, CIIICAGO. TMISTORY OF CHICAGO, HistonicaL AN Cox- MENCIAL STATISTICY, SKETCHES, FACTH, AND Pmunes: Republiched from the Duily Democratic Press, Wiat | REMEMUED OF Banty Ciiicavo: A Lecture Dellveredsin McCormick's Hall, Jan 3 1870, (Tmiwuxe, Jan. 24.) Dy WiLttax Buosy, Pp. 146 TInspired by the praiseworthy motive of fur- nishing his quota to the Iistory of Chicago * from its earliest times, by its lving inhabit- anta,” Mr. Willlnm Bross presents to his fellow- citizens the above collection of sketehes, person- al reminiscences, facts, and ucldents, uppertaln- ing to the life of the clty, from Its foundation in 1820 to the current year. ‘Through his connee- tion with the press, which hes extended over the last quorter of a century, Mr. Bross has hiad at lis commund the best fucllities for gath- ering statistiva relating to the affaire of Chi- cago, and hins gafued the journallst's faculty of arranging them in the most conclse, and yet foreible, manner, "Tha papers making-up the volume were not originally prepared With referenee to their np- pearance In the present shape: yet they have ‘a anity of deslgn which fits them for combina- tlon, and, attached together by a thread of ex- plauation, they muke n very entertalnlug and lnumwll\'e chivoniele. Tho "book will be read with iyerest by every loyal residunt of Chicago, andebythe muititude outslde who regard the rapld progress of the city fu alzo and prosperity us one of the marvels of the age. EVOLUTION, Eeaavs AND Revipws PRuTA- . Ny Asa Guay, Fiser tursl Hlstory (Hotany)'in Hur- . 12mo., pp. 06, New York: Profensor of vard Gnlversi . Appleton i ‘The pupers vollected in this volume have heen contributed to varlous sclentitle and miscella- ueous perlodicals durlng the lust sixteen years, Suveral of themn ave fn the form of reviews of works discussing tho hypothesis of Evolution,— the very Mirst baving Darwin’s “Origin of Specles,” puhlished In 1500, for tho basis of its wrgument. They ure interesting us showing the gradusl conversion to the now prevalent faith {n the theory popularly called Darwlnism, of u naturallst traloed to sclentlfic modes of In- «quiry und of n philosophical habit of mind. It will be remarked with satisfaction by manyread- ern, thiat, while i theend givinzadhirencotothe hlef propositions enunciated by Daryin, Dr. Giray Joses noue of hls contidence In the exist- ence of a Supreme Being, nor in the tenots of the Yerecd commonly called the Nicene,™ The student of Batany will il w good deal of matter sulted fo his’ taste in the essuys re- viewhnz e Candalles’ Studv of the Ouks, and nurrathive the iatory of the Glant Redwoods of Californfa, und, [n” the lutter connectlon, ex- hibiting the relations of North-American to Northeastern-Aslan and to Tertlury Vegetation, TIIE METRIC SYST THE UNIVERSAL METRIC SYSTE! LsPectatsty poi Neioors oF Beiesek, ENG NEERR AKD Oturns, By Atrren Conix, M, Prncipal of & Preparatory Sclentific 'Hoh 1dmo., pp 4D, New York:s D Appleton & U The French Metrie Syetetn possesses such un- denlable advantages over every other fu use that it nust eveutually be aceepted us the stundord for every natlon, Tt was adopted in Franee in 1500, and beesme compulsory fn 1840, Bincy thenall Governtients have adopted ft,—England Teggalizing fte use b 1861, and the United States in 1866, "To facllitate the understading of the systew, the present little work hus been pre- pared, It coutalna un expositlon of the deheme of measurement us applied to Jength, sarface, volume, capacity, und welzht; and concludes with a svifes of problems intended to make the use of the system Tumbiar and casy, M, Purranen CIHARLES SIPRAGUE, TIE PROSE AND FOETICAL WRITINGS OF CIIARLES BPRAGUE, New Edition. With Portrait aud Blographical sketeh, 1hno., H} 207, Bomou: a7 Willkams & Co, Price, $1,50. ‘Fhie poems of Charles Bprugue, which, for thelr vigorous thought and Iyricul beauty, hive enjoyed a considerable reputation, have for some time been out of print. A flew ond peat edition I8 now issued, which preserves an Ova- tion on Amoriean Independence, pronounced by Mr. Spragne i Boaton, July 4, 1523, and an Ad- on Intemperance, delivered In 1827, to- gether with the pocticul pleces contubiedl fn former wdittons, A brief sketeh and un excel- lent portralt of the suthor vnhisuce the wmter- st ol thy volume, BOOKS RECEIVED, THE MERCHANT'S WIFE] un, 11z IiUNDERED: A PoriTical RosaNce or OUi OWN Day; axn Orueat MiseziLasive, 1y **A Looker-On Here in Vienna," Paper, Boston: Publisbed for the Author, P'rice, 31. MOUNING-FONGS OF AMERICAN: FRELDOM, Unse, Authorof **Mouat Auburn sud Squute 10mo., pp. 80, Huston: sy ) ADLENVEAS "W sronr, 1y 8. 0. Srenuss, With au Iptroductory Bketob of the Auther's % fome, **Hamburg." 10mo., pp, 162. Thila- Tiome, 4 mburg. o 1'm, deiphia; 3. B, Liphmeatt & o Peice, 1K BNEMPTION OF CHURCH-PROP FUOM FANATL A PyvEn HEap Brrons HEAN ™ \ 1y Hawi z A b, 183t ber Wi mTIcA B s HiLt, n Mem- llostun: A, 7550, 113 NAT- VEr. Dy MAncrs CLAnge. Layd & Co, Ana T'aper. Price, 20 cent: LOWNDES OF SOUTR CAROLINA: Ax His TONICAL AND GENEALOGICAL MEXMIR, Dy Gronar Tioston: IA) R0, pp. Hl, Price, $1. e — PERIODICALS RECEIVED, International Revlew—~Soptember-October (A, 8. Barnes & Co.. New YVork), Contenta: **The Price of Labor In Engtand, * by Thumas firassey, + Englans The Sea-shell and the Son- iy Charles Turner Tennyaon, Englands fonee;™ ' The Pro- the Hon, Alex: ander Delmar, Pennsylvanl Uow New Ifaly Became 8 Nation." ll‘ Slfim\r Porzanl, 1aly’s ¥ G and the Yotter Law," by a Wi i 0 Alddnl-Aziz and 1118 Success. Tacauiny, " by Edward A, Freenmnn, ‘*Contemporary Literature, Art, and I Cieasz, A, Williams & ductlve Scleace, Amerlean Law Reglster for August (D, D, Can- field & Cu., Philadelphin). FAMILIAR TALK. . . SOCIAL CLASSES IN OLD JATAN. The people of Japan were, until the revolu- tlon of 1873, divided luto efght clnsses. First of theee were the Kuge, or Court-nobles, all of whotn traced thelr descent from the Mikados. Tolygamy was, from thc earllcst perlod, prac- ticed by nil ranks of soclety, wnd the Mikado sustained o harem where dwelt, in ‘addition to his wife aud twelve concubines, whose offspring might succeed bim to the Throne, ou Indetinite number of beautiful women. Those only of the brothers, and tho rons and grandsons of the Sovereign born to him {u the harem, who re- celved the title of a special pateut, were called Princes of the Blood. At present there are 155 fnmilies of the Auge, niucty-five of whon are descended from Knmatara, the Regentof the Ewpire in the seventh century. Each family of the Kuge lnd the monvpoly of some high ofiice; and to the descendants of Knmatars, who bore the name of Fujiwnra, was restricted the high- cst oflice ever conferred upon a subject, viz.: that of Regents Six of tho Kuge fawllics clalned descent from Sugawara, & mnoble flourlshing In the cleventh century; five claimed to belong to the Taira family, founded by Taka- mochi, In the cighth century; and seventeen claimed a descent from the Minamoto family, founded by Teunemoto, in the ninth century, The Kugo still continuo to dwell In ‘Tokio, the old Capital City, or in Rioto (Yedo), thy nuw Capital, to which the Mikado removed in 1872 But thelr prestige {a on the wane, and thcir Jealousy of the rising influence of young men of merit, but of inferfor rank, who are honored sith place and power by the Emperor, 1s n disturbing element in officlal circles, “As the chasm between the forms and spirit of the pnst and the present widens,” remarks Mr. Grif- fis, **ns the modern clalme jogtle the ancient’ traditions, as vizorous parverflam chulenges effete antiquity, the diftleulty of harmonizing these tendencies become® “apparent, adding auother to the catalogue of problems awalting solutlon in Ju“nn.“ The second highest class of Japaneso soclety cousisted of the Dalmins, or Territorlal Princes. In 1807 thero were 207 of thesc Lords, of va- rous rank, power, and wealth, They were mill- tary leaders, and vassuls of the Shogun, or Gen- cral; yet nelther they nor the Shogun were rec- ognized by the Court at Kioto as nobles of the Empire. “The lowest Kuge outranked even the Shogun, who obtafned lis appointment from the Mikudo. The resilence of the Bhogun, or Tycoon as lie hug beco mistakenly called, was at Yedo, where he matutaiued tho state of the Dhighest military ruler in the Empire, It was he who settled” the question of the rank and landed possessions of the Dahinios: yet the ighteat lonor which the Mikado conforred n&mn one of these [)rnvhluhl nobles was regard- ed aa suporior to the Shogun's iyreulenl gitt. The order of the ulinfos orlginated with the feudal aystem, and their existence aa a superior class perlnhenf when this was swept away, in 1871. During the cen- turies of their sway, they weroscattered through the provinces, over which they refgned as Local Governors, ‘The taxes flowed Into thelr Lreasu- ry, and thus, In process of thne, the Mikado and the Kuge were reduced to acondition of ex- tretne poverty. **The Duimlos,” says Mr. Grif- 113, “spent thelr revenuca on their retaiuers, thelr personal pleasures, and in bulldIng costics. In almost every feudal city, or place of stra- tegic importarice, thc towers, walls, and monts of these characteristic speclmens aof Japunese architecture could be seen.’” As the power of the Mikudo declined through tho feudal uzes,ail classes below the Dalintos” put themselves, or were foreibly included, under the protection of this spurious order of mobilty. Next below the Daimlos was ranged the third «lags, called the Hatamoto, or lug-supporters. ‘These wore Fenumlly of good birth, and the de- scendants of famous soldiers. It was from thelr ranks, numhcrlnF 50,000, that the great body of ilitary und elvilofieins wns choson, and they formed the special dependence of the Shogun i time of war. ch had from threo to thirty retainers inbis train, and afixed revenue for hia support. The members of the second and third classes constituted the gentry, or the Samural, of Ja- pan. For centuries they have monopolized the nrms, the learning, and'tho power of the Em- fro. . %'Phe Samural Is the soul of the uation. Tn other lands, the priestly and the military castes were formed. In Jupan, one and the sume vlass held the sword und the pen,—liberal learning und scealur enlture. o o o E iven in thine of pence, the Sumural never appeared out- of-doors unarined, Invariably wearlng thelr two swords fu thelr girdle.” ‘The fashion of wearing two swords came Into vogue in the fourteenth contury, along with the practics of hari-kart, One, the long sword, wus worn for use agalust an enemy i and the short sword was retafned In case the owner wished to cut open his own hody to save hitmself the dis- honor of o surrender. Tho custom of wearing two sworda.lus only given wuy Intely bofory the pressuro of advancing civilization. The long sword was usually a little more than 2 fec tho short sword [ foot in length. The width of the blade was about au inch, und in the whole Tongth the curve wus ve nl]gllt, deviating from a stralght line only nbout & halt-inch. “ A Saumural, however pour, would lave « blade of sure temper and_rich mountings, —dwmlnF it honorable to suffer for food thut he inight lave a worthy emblem of his soclal rank.” Next to the Samuraf came the agricultural claes, or Hiyakwaha, who have during centurivs remalved without change or Im]vru\’emcm In their Intellectual or suclel condition. In the woris of Mr. Gritiis, Like the wheat that for successive ages {s planted as wheat, aprouts, beards, and fills us wheat, the pensant, with bls hotlzon bounded hy Wig rlee-lields, hls water- courses, or the timbered hilly, his intetlect lakl away for snfo Leeping In the priest’s hands, " is the son of the soll; caring littlo who rules hlm, unless lis I8 tuxed begond tho power of flest-und-tlood to bear, or un _over-meddle- somo ofllefuldom touches his tand to trunster, sell, or redivide it then he rlses ns arebel, In thie of war, ho {3 o disinterested spectator amd he does not fight, He changes masters with ups warent unconcern. Amfdst “all the ferment of l.louu foduevd by the voutuct of Weatern clviliza- tlon with Aslatfe, during the last two decades, the furmer slulfilly remaing conservative; ho kuows not, nor cares to hear, of it, and hates {t because of the lieavler taxes it imposos un him," urly one-hull of the )llllllllllull of Japan, or A20 vut of 84,110,825 souls, belong to the rleultural class, Hejow the furmer were the artlsans, or Shokundi, who furmed the flfth class, and nuin- hered, aceordlig to the census of 1872, a 1lttle above 700,000, “Tho sixth filau included the ts and shop-keepers, called dkindo, ovcupled the lowest place fu the suclal seule, una were reckoned at 1,800,191 ut the lust censug, Into the seventh cluss were put actors, frenteel heggars, prostitutes, cte. Fually, be- neath ull the ehove were the Etas, consistiug of tunners, lenther-iressers, grave-dlosers, and those who fn any way haudled raw-hido of who burled dead animals, % They were the parlabs, or suclal outensts, of Jupun, They were not wlowed enter o house, or to or it or ook at the same fire other persons. Phese prophe wers sald by same to be descond- ants of Corean prisoniers; by others, to have been orfzinally the peopte who Killed sulmuls for feedlig the lm}mrla falcons, As Buddhism yrohiblted the cating of unlals us foud, thy s were left out of the pule of suclety. The Hintn (ot humnn) were the lowest cluss of beg: f""" 6 eqoatiers un wuste Juids, who bullt huts wlong the road, and extsted by solleiting alis, They ulso attended to the vxecution of criminals, und thu disposal of thelr corpses, In general, thoy were tithy und disgustiog, in thelr rags amld dirt.” Sincetho abolltion of feudallem fu Japan, thiere has been fn progress w great soclal revo- lutfon. The Kuge still -retain thelr pride of Dirth, but the privileges which wors formerly theirs exclusively are now shared with active and uble members of the Sawural, who bave traveled or been educated abroad, snd have adopted the enligbtened leas wod methe I3 oda of tho niugteenth contury. The of- flce of the Shogun han ‘heen abal- fshed, and the Dabnlos have been recalled from the provinees and retired to pris vate life, l{u\'in £ reelzned [nuds, vetalners, and ftcomes, they are now quietly walting to die. They are the *dend faits stranded on the shores of the oblivious years,! " The merchante, for- murl?' comprising the slxth cluss, are gradually nequiring greater respect by tal advantage of the opportinities atforded by o Wigher clviliza. tion Jnr the Improvement of tedr position, the ceremonial of the openime of the rallroad from Yedo to Yokohama, in 1872, In which the Mikndo partictpated, four representatives of the caste of merchants were permitted to presont an address to the Emperor i person, and received from hima direet response. In commenting ugion this seene, the author (Mr. Griths, in ¢ The Mikado's Empire ™) from whom wo have beforo quoted, exclaim: “The merchant oo to face with the 3ikado? The Towest rocial clnea hefare traditlonal Divinity? 1t wan o politicn) miraclel | saw In that aceno a moral randoor that measured itaelf agalnat centuries of feudalism, , . o It forcehadowed thetime to como when the wmerchant, no longer desplscd, ahould take bisplace in the connll-halla of the naton, \\'llfl) (!{vrfl!rn!nll\'e Coverntaent comes, s come it mudl, the nrerchant, beroming Senator, willhelp to away the national deatiniea. —The Emperor {n whose reign the {itn were made citl- zene—an act ns morally grand ax the emancipation of slaves—now dwelle at times the guest of & mer- chant. Before the end of thin century, it may be, the Throne, no longer atiited fn the cifete fiction of petty Divinity, tay rest wholly upon constithe tlon, liw, and fitelligeng patrlotism, —— SPARKS OF SCIENCE. THE TFLORA ROUND ABOUT CIIl- CAGO. Tur Asten Faiy,—The lperlal Order of the Compositer, or Asterlds, Leyra regal sway overall the wilds at thla season of the year, Whereser the eye is cast, the wasto places on hill and platn are ablaze with bhe pomp und splendor of cHinson, and purple, aml gold—the favorite colors of royalty In the vegetable as in the luman world, It is esthnated that one- sixth of the plants of North Ameriea ave men- bers of this great and sumptuous fawily; and, the late summer and autuini months being thelr chosen time fur blogsoming, it Is 1ot to hu won- dered-nt that their brilllant lveries cclipso all othurs that appear {n the sanie arena with thenr, From the time the first Golden-Roil shakes out its yellow plumes, In Angust, until the frosts bave made forest and field a desolatlion, the Asterids have no rivals on the pralries or in_ thd wood-lands, on the hill-tovs or in the valleys, in damp, dry, arld, or fertile solls. They lters ally usurp the florsl kingdomn, and, in endless; gorgeous procession, seize and hold the entire realm, until It glitters from one end to the other, a veritable * Fleld of the Cloth of Gold.” From tho Frigld Zone to the Troples the Composites assert their supremacy, although in the Temperate reglons of the Northern Hemi- sphere they abound In greuter profusion than clsewhere. They vonstitute about vne-tenth of the known species of plants, taking the whole world over. In the dayof Linunawus there had Leen described in all only about 8,500 species, and of these 785 were Composites, In 1809 the world’s flora, a5 then developed, numbered 25~ 000 apecles, and tho proportion of Composites wns 2,800, In 1833, upwand of 85,000 specics haa been discovered, and 8,523 were Compos- ites; and, now thut nearly 100,000 species arc known to botanists, it is found that 10,000 be- Jong to this prolific Order. It is by far the Iarwzest, a8 it {8 the showlest, family of phenoga- mous or Howerlng plants. Humboldt ealeulated that the Asterids formed one-scventh of tha tlors of Frauce, onc-elglfth of tho floru of Germany, one-fourteenth of that of Lapland, oue-sixth of North America, one- nalf of Tropleal Amerien, and one-fourteenth, amounting to 110 species, fu Great Britaln, It was determined by Pres) that they coustitute rather more than one-hall of the flora ot Biclly; ang by Cambnssedes that the pro}mn(on 18 nhont !hc same in tho Dalearic Tslands. n Northern climates the Asterids arc moustly her- baceous plautg, s fow being climbers; but, ss they upproach the Equator, they become shirubby or trecellke In habit,” In Chili the greater num- ber are woody hushes; while fn 8t. Helenn thicy are chielly trees, nnd almost the only _ones on the [slund, At the Cape of Good Hope the Sirfehout, a small tree of this family, furulshes awood that 18 fine-grained, heavy, and very beautiful, But the Asterlds are more noteworthy for thelr numbers and thelr gandy apparel than for thelr usefulness. Out of the entire 10,000, those which afford nutriment to wankind may be counted on the fingers of one hond First of all is to bementioned the Lettuce, which s universally Papulur as g salad, Then follow the Vegetnble Oyster,—Salsify, us it ia calleds the Jerusalem Artichoke; the Dandelion, which {8 bolled ns npot-lerb; and the Chicory, which {a used ns a substitute for coffee. In Southern Europe the blanched stems and leaves of the Curdoon, & ‘)hmt simllar to the Artichoke, are used ns n sall oramsn bolled vegetable: and the Endlve §s employed fu the satiie way both i Europe and Amnerlea. Uhe roots of two or three other specien are eaten by the natives of foreign countries; but, at_the inost, the valuo ul( 1;1 o Asterids s food-plants i3 extremely slender. + The seeds of the Sunflower, that lurg{::«l ofan- nals, ure sweet und wholesome, and”ufford an excellent nliment for poultry, They abound in -n bland oll, which {s useful for inuny purposes. More valuahe stillare the oils expressed trom the seeds of the Guizotin, au Indinn plant, and from tha Madin, & natlve of Chill. "A fow of the Asterlds afford dyes, as the Sufilower, which ylelds a beautiful ylnk used in the preparation of cartmine; the Pot-Marigold, used to adulter- ate suffron;and the Berratuls, which givesn yellow or green dye. Among mediclnes of tried service the Com- posites giveus Arnlen, derlved from s plant growing wild fn Europe; and the Chamomile, Wormwood, Boneset, and Tausy, which have ranked high n the wroup of herbs annually athered nto the domestic dispensary. The Shrysanthemum is suld to be o certaln pre- ventive of fleas, und the flawers of the Fever- fuw are so offensive to bees that o handful witl effectunlly Kecp the Insects at u distance, The Lettuces are all narcotie, and ylelda drue re- seinbiing opiutn fu its effect, In the [.msnk'(l and the yreen-house the As- terids makt a brilllant display. 1n the spring, e lovely Belglun and English Dalstes blossoim in the bordera, In the swmngoer, the Tachelor's Button helpa to make-up the varlety of old- fushloned favorites; and later stil), the China Aster exhibits its lored and compuct hewds [nall ample collect{ons. Then come the Zinnlos, from M the Coreopsis and the Marigofd; the frwgrant Southern-wood aml the Artemistas, From South Afrien we have the Jmumortel representatives of | un fmmenee genus nelnalug 200 wpectes, The Chirysanthemmms are exoties from Enstern Asla, and the Awerntums from Mexico, ‘To the latier country we are Indebted, too, for the stotety Duhlla,—u flower which lias tent jt- self with singular pllancy to she artiilees of the florist, In fta wild state ite flowers have but o shngle row of yellow ruys surroumdiozg the disky buty in the skl gaidener’s hawda, the ruys are wultiplied until the disk §s filled with the, and the ohides of hue which they wre mado to wesume are almost intinite, Nevertheless, to dyu them with the thits of blus batlles the ut- niost fugentity of the cxperlmenter, Flowers which ofiglnafly ave yellow cannever be changed to bluei henee” we inay not hope to produce a blue Dahlla. Nearly W0 of the Asterlds are comprised the tlora roumd about Clgeuzo, Merely to enu- merate them all will requifre so much sbiee that comments upon sepunutespecies must necessarily be restrleted. The rich purple tlowers of the Tron-Weed ( Vernunla fusciculuta) sro abundant in tow grounds in August. Lato fu summer the handsoms, rose-purple spl the Blazing star (mf‘m‘.) Arrest 1 de- light “the eye. ‘lhe L. cplindrica s common Boith of Tlyde ark; the L. searivsa {5 abundant In tho swne lucallty ; and the L. spieatu 13 plentiful In open delds, The Thoroughworts (Kupatoreum) urs utmony the lute blovniers, but none ok them can boast of much heauty, ‘The doo-Pye Weed (£, purpuresm) hus more colur than uny of the rest, its clusters helng of u pinkish hue. The plant grows sparsely at Riverside, The White Suake-Root s seratoldes) shounds in the woods north of verside; but the Buneset Si,'.m rare at Ilyde Park and ut Miller’s & '1|‘=| Hst of Asters, with their habita I ollatum) 1s fon, ., W6 copy are given I the catalogus of Prof, Bab- ks Ao azurens, Desplatnes River, naur Muy- woodi A, Cenls, Desplalnes River; miarr, ubundant} A. multiftoras, Desplan tyers . Avea-Anglle, Hyde Pak und Biversido: 4. patens, near Maywood; A, Prarinicoldes, yde Park and Mitler's; A, aur l“lil'vllm. Desplatues Iiyer, near Muywood; A, serlcews, Hyde Park and southward; A, Lradescanti, near Stuywood; und oA, undulafus, vear Uracelund, A dry 1kt of botaulcal numes liko that quoted above {s uiong the proalest of prosy things; yot the bright-eycd Aster, whoso varylug foron is disguised under each one of thuse long, hand terims, belongzs with the most wivsoie, OQuo can pever seo or thtuk of ity as it lngers among tho®ery dast of tho *boauteous sisterhiood, Y— as though with a saintly charity, intent upon scattering somo stray charms of” grace over u fading landscape,—without recalllug the ex- quisite stauzus of Bryant's “Death of the Iviv 1Vwaublivly FAGs. Flowers," and especlally theeo pertinent lines: The Wing-Flower'and the Violet, ey perighed ong n30, Andthe “L;lafmwc nud the Orchix Afed amid the aumumer Mows But on tho 1L the Gulden-ltod, amd tho Aater In \c waud, And the yellow Sunflowerby the brook, {n Autumn- eauty atood THL fell tho froat from tha clear, 1ally tho I»!nml ¢ on men, And the brightneas of their mnile, was gone, from upland, glade, and glen. . The homely Fleabines (Erlguran) blossom carly In the summer. Tho &, (dnadense 13 everywhere: the X, Bellldifoltum, with larger flowers, grows at Hyde Park und Miller's; the E, annnum, at Hyde Park: and the &, afrigo- aum, at Graceland, Two specles of J)iplufitl{?mn‘ or Double-Bristled Aster, are found ¢ FHyde Vark, viz.: the 2, linartifoliva and 1, umbelatus, The Boltonise glastoniyolia, which ecomnes fnto tlower In &.v‘nemlmn oceurs near the lake-shorn nt ‘Thirty-third street. Thu Golden Ruda %\‘omln,qo) Are K0 nDUmMerous that again we copy directly from the Hst hefore us: 'Ihe Janadensis {8 found near Thatcher; the 8. glgantens, ot Maywood; the S, latifolia, Maywaoud; 8, nemoralis, Maywoods S, Oldven- ais, swamp near Gracolandj S. rigida. Iyde Park aud Miller's; S, alricta, swamp near Gra Innd; 8. tmu((dfa, ilyde "Varky 'S, ulmifolin, Mayivoud; 8, Virya-aurea, var. humills, yde cold lcayen, as ark. The Leal-Cup (Polymnia_Canadenals) occurs rurcly at Thateher, Of the Rosin-Plants (Stph- inm), we_have the S, lacinituum, called the Con“u.nsyl"lnnl. becauso §ts large root-leaves are disposed to presont thelr edges north and south; tho 8. ferebinthinaceum, the S, integrifal- tum, and the S, perfoliatum, All are common but the Just one, which s indigenous at River- side. 'The Parthenium inteqrifolium 18 plonti- ful ot Hyde Park, The pretty-leaved Am- brosie artemisfirfolla springs-up every- where, offerlug mulé desirable follugo for bou- yuets. 'The A, trifida 18 loes protty and less requent, The mzl{ Cocklebur (Nanthium stru- marium) grows In the southern part of the clity ond on, the Deaplaines iver, The Ox-Eye (Hellopsts Ceenisy Is votmnen ot varfoua points, but the Purple Cone-Flower (Kchinacea Augnsti= Jolia) is spuringly represented at Iinsaale and Downer's Grove, The Lepuchys pinnata 13 com- mon ut Riverslde and Hvde Park, Of the Coue-Flowers (Rudbekia), we have the Jt. hirta in abundance; the 72, sutlomentosa, be- tween Riverside and !inrlcm, on the Desplainea River; and the £ lacinista, ot Maywood. Of the Sunflowers (/feanthus), the If, decapelalus FTUWS near Mn{wu(ul; the J7. giganteus and the M, lactiflorus, ut tho sniie plwi the I, grawe a xerrato, and the 2. occidenlalls, at “lyde Park; und the JL mollls at Calu- met., Of the Cor we_have six specles: the C. aristosa, mnlun the lake-shore near Twenty-ninth street; the C. discoliea, at Aurorny the O, lanceolata, ot IIyde Park and Miller's; the O, {wllmala, and €. Trichos- erma_at llyde Vark: and 0. triplerls, at lyde Park and Plne 8tatlon, Three specics of tlie miserable Bezgar-Ticks are Incjuded in our flora: the Bideus frondosa grows every- where; the 2, connata, ditto aud the 2. chry- aanthemoides, along the lake-shore, The Fetld Muigold (Uysodia . Chrysanthe: mofde), n first cousin of the Frenel Marfgold of the zanlens, may be found oceasfonally along the Ilinols Central Railroad or at Twenty- recond street, The Snceze-Weed (Ieleainin antumaale) (s common at Riverside, The Muy- Weed (Mfaruta wlula{' hus not secured A gen- eral growth, yet may be met now and then by the warsfles, The delleate-folfaged. Yarrow Achilles millifol&om) fs prevalent. The Ox- Eye Dalsy (Jencanthemum vulgare) has been uoted near Twenty-second street. The Arl{e- mista Canadensis Is found everywhere; aud the 4. blennis on the lake-shore, The Everlasting flmphaltum)mlyrrplmhlm')hnq obtained n fouthold on tho Tilinofs Central Kail- road, north of Hyde Park. Its near relative, the Plantain-Loaved Everlasting (Aalennaria phm!nyh:&falhx), is commmon In_its vicinity and gouthward. ‘Ilis Fire-Weed (Erechthites, hieracl- Jolig) grows by thelake ana nat Miller's. The Cacalia aterplicifolla oceurs near Maywood; and the C, tuberosa, ‘on the open pralrfes, The _Seneclo aureua i ut home nt Rose Hill and Pine Station. Our mnrcscnmtlm of the genus of Thistles are distributed as follows: Tho Clrsium lancevla- tum, at lyde Park: the C. Plicher!, in sandy soll on the fuke-shore; C, discolor, ot Calumet, C. altisstmwm, north of Riverside; C. muticuns, Calumet und_near Aurora; and C. arrense, on tha Iilinois Central Raflrond, near Twentloth street, The Burdock (Lappe o ts, var. major) s rather rare, but specimens oceur in tho waste epacos on the BSouth 8ide, and ot Calumet nnd Rivorside. Chicory (Clehvrium Infibws) 18 found at Tarlew; the bright Dwarf Dandelion (Kfrgla Virginiea) ot Mitler's and Lako; and the oquall, "pret:‘.y ison's, Cynthia Virginica, at Myde Park oud 'l‘Ku Nabalus albus {s cstablished in the woods at Riverside; aud the . racemosus, in tho woods at Magsrood, The Dandelion (Taratacum Densleonis)—~who will sy 1t 18 not o rich and handsome flower I— forms n chorming contrast with thg verdure In May aud June, The Wild Lettuce (Lertuca Can- adenxis) oeeurs on tho lake-shioro and ut Grace- land and Maywoods and fo the same logalities may be gathered the Uowers of the Sunchus asper. . . SEED-GERMINATION IN ICE. Some tine ago we gave the results of certain experiments to determino tho power of seeds to germinate fn Jee, Rovcutly M. Haberlaudt has applied a series of similar tests to the sceds of wheat, rye, barley,” beet, rupe, lucerne, poppyy and other plonts. Bgveral hundred sceds of wach specles were placed fn an lco-chest, the temperature of which was stonally kept st from 0deg. toldeg. Every two weeks theseeds were amined under clreumstances prevonting o rise of temperature sbove the freczing- polnt, In forty-five duys I was ob- repved that elghit specles had begun to ger- minato, At the end of four months the process was still continued {n o minority of these, hut had censed in the remalnder. Infourteen species there was no germination; aud, ol the entlro number remalning In the lee-box during the four months, only a few were found capavle of de- velopment on belng placed In o temperature of 1 degrees C. M. Huberlandt reasons from this experiinent that sceds which can germinate at o lower temperaturo than others of thelr species, will become perfect piants with u less degres of heut; hence, by artielul suwlng B cold spaces spocles may be obtalued that will ripen soon und with little heat. "THE APPALACIITANS, An assoclation entitling itsell the * Ap- palachion Mountaln Club" was formed early n 1876, by a number of enthustastic naturalists for the purposo of systematically exploring the mountaln-reglon of New-England. The woi lald aut by the Club Is very thoroug has well ns extensive in its nature} and carnestly earrled- out, as it undoubtedly will he, cannot but bu protluctive of valuable results to Sclence und to the plessure of the summer-tourlst. 1In its schienig the Club contemplates the pub- Heatlon of . perlodical, in which reports of its weetlngs, accounts of {ts explorations, maps of the reglons visited, and ‘muun upon tho physics, ¥rngmphv. and nutural history of the country uvestigaed, will be presented. The frst vupi- ber of the magazine, numed the Appalachia, is already bsued, and gives promise of belng o gsfful udditlon to the literature of Natural clence. P ADULTERATION OF CLARET. It has been Intely ascertalued that unscrupu- lous wine-gruwers In France are usfug the una- line dys fuchsine, or magents, to restore the cplur of clarct after §L has been diluted with watar, That tho beverage thus trouted {s harm- fulinits charactor, {s proved by experlments conducted by MM, Feltz und Rltter. Accord- ing to thelr testimony, & half-grale of fuchstno Iu salution, tuken' .on su empty stownelt, causes deep redi fimgnl the mln’ng. Intense ltehing of tho mouth, aild'slight swetling of the gums, . On repeating_ the dose uvery duy for u furtnight, disveliea and atbuminaria wore developed In additlon to the other symptoms., Fachslig lu{cctcnl {uto tho stomach cr ¥ tog induced the same symptoms, A | or frequently-repeated doso” invariably caused the appearance of wlbumen in the urine,—u result due to e peeuliar duzeneration of the cortical aubstance of the klduey: e T —— e Clhomlug & Pope, New York Nun. For nearly a thousatd yeurs the Roman Pon- A4E was chosen Ly the suifrages of thoclvic mag- Istrates, the prople, and theelerzy of R 3 whom alone the slective franchbse lud become 1, 1t {3 true thut thelr cholca wus not ul- vays b frec one, the turbutend Bavons of the Tiiernal City or the welghboring towns often ietating to'the voters ar corrupting them § and, from tho begluning of the eleventh century, the crors of Giermany seckiBg Lo cumrui the clection. 1t was doubtless with the view of destroying the intluence of thoe huperial party in futge Papal elections thut Hildebrand pre- valled upon Nicholas 1. to lssue, fun 1059, his memorable bull conferrtug the franchlse upon the Curdiuuls exclusively, by whon 1t hus evar sluce been excrolsed. As ‘moro than three- fourths of the Bacred College are Italtans, thelr cholee {s nl)t to fall on one of thelr countrynien; sud, In point of fact, it i3 now more than three cevturics sincs any other thau an tallun has flgd the Papul thione. The lwltation of the 0 %0 tho wearens of the red bt Las, ho- T cyer, been rezarded by some Catholles with dlsfavor, nnd not long slnce asoctety was formed In Ttaly With the avowed purpose of ©eindicat- fur the rlghits of Chirlstinna generally, and the Nnmana pavtieslarly, i electing the noxt Pope,’ Only o few weeks sinee It was mnonnesd tnt Pius IX. regapded the mbapers of this soc Bs having ineurred the greater excomnnles- tom, n peentlarly gevere Torm of ccclestastical censure reseyved by the Pontlil for extreme emergencles, But theefforts of the lunovators wauld seem, from n telegram recelved yesterday from Rome. not tn have "been without inflnenco of the 8nered College itself, for w convoention of Cardinals {s now hokling I Rome with the view of aseertaitng the fmdhillt{ of tutrodicing certain modilieations fn the aystem of election, so that the clector may exurcise foll lherty when a successor to Pl s to he cliosen, O vourse the Carlinals will always vetnin the fran- chise, and {2 Wil never e veatiieted agatu fo the Romun communitys but the azitation may hring about the cholee of a Bpaniara, an Austrian, or aFrenchnan, ot the next Papal electivn, A NEGROINSURRECTION. Wallace Putnam Reet tn the Independent, Cottonville fs o notable place. ‘There are not mauy houses in the village, and people arc even scarcer than the louses; but then the soclety—you understand. 1 got off the train at Cottonvllle, one after- naon, feeling nasured that In this quict little place my week's vacation could not by other than a perfod of perfect rest. 1 know nobody. Ihnd no busincrs to look nfter, Thero was nothing todo but tounga about, read, andsmoke. A dream of delightful fdleness filled my mind a8 I followed the glgintle black porter to the golltary Lotel, within a stone’s-throw of the depot, A plensant room was nesigned me, and, after atolerable supper, I sauntered out upon the broad plazza. A grosp of gentlemen were there before me, nnd thelr intorested manner and whispered conversntion led me to suppose that they were discugsing some tatter of the gravest Importance” T had no desire to disturb tho deliberntions of these village statesmen, and was turning away, wlien my landiord ap» ]u—unched, and in o strangely nervous manner ntraduced me to the respective members of the party. As this move mido me sequainted with some of the titled nabobs of the town, I complacently scttled down for a few moments of what I hoped would prove ageceable and perlmr: profitable vonversation. Certaiuly, somethingworth hear- ing might Le ux{wn:ln from the 1ips of such men as Judge Migws, Squire Smith, Gen. Booms, Col, Jones, and Mnj Dangs. For a morment my new friends rogarded me in soletmn sllence. ‘To put them at their case, I'threw out a brilliant remark about the weather. WAhem1" commenced Judge Miggs. “Is this your tirat vislt to Cottonsille!” 1 replied in the aflivmative, and expressod my- solf ns being well pleased with the glinpae I hind had of the place. “Htelatlons herel® asked Judge Miggs. 4None at ull,"" was my answer, saAn! You have fricids Hving lere, then?? « WNo, sir,” T replied. T know nobody here, and oniy camne to uYuml a fow days.? A ddead etlence fell upon tho crowd, and I {n- stinetively folt thut something unplensant was about to ocenr, - . “Do you live in this State?’ queried the Jud%c. “T don't think T look much like a dead man," was myf[uunl:\r but cvosive replv. A spirit of mischief liad now taken possession of me, and I wuas determined to baflle the curlosity of these Impertinent villaze gossips. rosc from my chair andl walked to the other end ™ of the plazza. A whis- pered confab cnsued between my tuquisitors, and enough of it came to my ears to excite some amusement aud not o Jiltle indignation. The Judge and the General ulxlpearcd tobothe most linportant personages in the erowd, and I Iir\ll"r} hear thelr loud, hoarse whispers very dls- netly. . “You diin't get much oyt of him, Judge.” “Neo. He'snsly feliow, General, aud will Lear wateling, An honest citizen would not have been so retieent.” “The dickens!” I muttered to myself, “Do these men tnke me for a borse-thlet’s" “Tho beat way to deal with such chaps,” snli Gen. Booms, 15 to hang e first and try ‘em afterward.” ‘This atroclous sentiment sceined to meet with eneral approvaly but it made my blood cardle, o my reltef, Judge Miggs dissented. “The case lovks bad," " he sald; *“but always give a man g falr trinl, geutlemen." “That may do as n general rule,” sald old Booma; *hut when these carpet-baggers sneak into our bosomns and, viper-like, incite the nig- gers to rise up and murder us n our beds, it s time to act quickly." 2 A cold persplration stood upon my brow. Thess stupid old fogies, then, took mé for an emlasary sent to atir up Insurrection nmong the negroes, They were alarmed by the silly ru- mors then In cirenlation and " apprehénded trouble iu the peacoful hamlet of Cottonville, I was indignont, and yet alarmed. A stranger caught under such circumstances, without cre- dentials, was in an ugly fix. True, I could tele- graph tothe dty I came from; but In the ex- citement of the lour Imight be denled even that privilege. Mobs never stop to reason.. Howorver, T resolved to fnco it out boldly, and, walking up ta iy judjzcs, 1 resumed my chalr, Gon. Boows aud Judge Migys arose simul- tancously, . TP ngreeable,” said the Judge, the General and myself would 1{ke to sce you privately for a few moments. (e Cumdnlv"'lrcnlled. * Wil you walk up to my room ‘The_Iuvitation was promptly accepted, and, aseending to my chaniber, Wa wers 500n eli- gufiud ina mghly Interesting conversation. 1 think [ augjustified,” sald the Judge, seat- ing Mlmself with a judicial olr, “in saying to you, sir, that circumstances comhing to plave you fu a very unpleasant position.” 4 Praceed,” suid 1. *The citizens of Cottonville, sir, are inclined to reguard you as—as er—u. suspicious character. We anticipate serfous complieations with our colored population, and your strange conduct —your retjeence and o on—lead us to bellove thut your business here {8 of aun unlawful c;m‘qwtur. Have you any explanation to make, sir 2 As Idid not know exactly what ought to be pald, I contented myself with the mild remark thut the citizens of Cottonville were a set opun- mitigated {diots, - *“You hear that, len. Booma!" sald Migga, excltedly, * Youses our suspiclons ure completely contirmed 17 41¢ you think that Tam nlze o 4 fluld ont" Lerfed, golng to tamely submit toinsult and indignity from o compittee of jnckasses, you ure ver) much mistaken, You will fimd my name on tho* hotel-register, I vou suspect me, telegraph Gov, —. , i s a uitlzen, shull defend myself, You see }am prepared,” and I drew o six-shooter, “1le's trylng the bIuff game,” sald Gen, Booms, But the slght of my weapon had s good effect. 1t {s possible,” remarked the Judge, * that wa are too husty; but fn times llke these wo cannot be too cautious,' ' And viglant,” sugirested old Booms, 4 And vigllant,” added M!ggfl. “ Hut I am willlng to give you a chance, The Nigeers are to hold 8 seeret meeting to-night {n an old cabin about & mile from here, und sonie of us are go- ing out to arrest them. Will you jqln usi” hesitated, It was possible thut some folll pluy was fntended; but I felt on ab- sorbing “curloslty us to the truth of the Iusurrection rumor, und the expedition smacked of udventurg, * Euough sald,” I repliod, *Iwiil accompany )'o\lf.‘mrh' with pleasure,” *Then it's thne to move," eald the General, marching out of the room. I followed, with the Judge acting as a sort of vearguurd, and, de- scending to the pluzzs, we fouind somu thirty men waseinbled, all armed with shot-guns anil pistols, Thoy seemed o littlo surprised at my uppearance; but a few words {rota my tvo com» panlons reconciled them to. the situatlon, and our jittle ary was oo on Jta way to the hrant,” y P There was very lttle talking on the march, The Cottonvilllins werd in dead carnest, ‘Lhey were honestly convineed that thelr cofored uelghbors wers plotting an Insurrection, uod the worst evils were antlel- puted, L could see that the mnen watched e closelys but when I thought of the conviction uuder which they were laborlog my fndig- natlon vanished, add T felt that 1 was tiuly one of them, ‘The old eabin which was supposed ta bo the rendezvaus of the conspleators stood fn an open field, somu distanca from the roud, As wo cuu- uzmlly appfoached wo could hear lowd volees Inslde’ oud ovcaslonally » round of applatie, My compantons halted & inoment to listan, CGen, Booms ordered soveral wmew to statlon them. selves at the doors and windows, and requested me to remnin by his sido, “Just as I thought,” he muttered. They are muking thetr fneendiary ¢ wpecches in ",'““‘.',‘"d it we listen uwhile we ean leary their pluns, We secured an eligthle position for cuves- dropptug, uud opened vur cary, Bomebody (o cabin was evidently making aspeceh, And ft was 4 pretly zood speech, boo. ‘\]\ «u"v‘veru futhmo to hear the following fruy- \ent: ““Fuore 13 wo lunger any room for Lope,™ ronred the orator, Tt we wish'td ho we ean not lm'df' fa_abandon the stragicle in which wo have Lieen o lang on, ot el 1 repeat i, sy, aappeal to i wnd Lo the ull ll\nllL 8 feft uat . “Ay graclonal ? whispere: “Did you llfl”ln'.tll"k ‘The black orator continted: * They lry that, we are weak—unalle to uuim!\'\flllllu." ‘fnrlli[d:xhlu 'un“l.x;}lrc‘rtmlry.“ll\lc when thlll‘w: he stronger ext week e stranzer ha tho nest week or g "Those rascals menn business," Gen, Toomns, 8" Prowley free, it nolly e, SALLELRN (P o of Thosgy Jy 1 lidze Mig hear what tig fellow. i‘fm",‘.'l;f;‘ rdl” groaned the Juidge, s lhfy“w‘nllil, evcii wail il test W, T tap didn’t say n word; but It wi o to lold my l{mn‘uc. ¥ Syalll could dg ‘The uiconselons n 3 hls wpech, it Jrucceddl ity The gonorous wonls rang an thee night adr, "nid, bareing tho sy} difnleety L clmen of et "‘,“'L 1 L was 8 fino speelmen of feclimg, ut my companfons did 1ot enjoy 18 wis with diiculty that they werg oA from firlug u volley Into the eibin, dudie \Hzf.'l sugzested wi fmmediate attark and Gey. oo wigeeed with him. AU this juncturel Titerpney Gentlemen, ' rald [, “you bave treaged ), rattier ShabbA1Y fy Uhin ATate; bt 1 anp ! Il‘”‘o‘l““l:fméf men lot my nlwu nlmc and party niaky wols of themselves, amil perhaps o ugr erine wILONE terpostigr? S H8lioot him 1" wly npcrc‘i'l ong of the mon, “Just wait o moment wy friends, [ cantin, e, * What will you say when'l teft You thyy thisis only u harniless debating soclety, ang i}u:tlu‘u(o |;|‘zqm u|mx;|alng in ti:t-rv.- is declaimy, 't ric] enry's Iamaous * Liberty o e e helleve T have heard that speech Letopgh nnlxl'.lunluu Mipzs, seratching hlnphuml: u((n,uu don't ke the 1olks of thilga Jist now.r There was a round of applause in the eavfg and then nother speaker took the tluor, ' " The boy stood on the burning deck, by, gon the second declliner. A gencral titter g aronnd our party, and the Judie nnd the Gewe cral Tooked dumihfoundcd, Ax soon u4 the red, tatlon was concluded the President of the meeste Ing sy 'uku uul.t:' " ~ e question for onr next meeting will ey ¢ Rexolred, That the plantiig of eotton nll!!vgl'd be discourpged.’ The uxurufie in declamatiog will be ! Spartacus to the Glndlutors,' Ayit lufizcxltutlmzbnu: ccl‘xflve"(,'ummxl. e £ee {hy authorities abou uring the town-li pnPIIIIu x'lubnlc." & Wiy ‘Thislust sentence threw a wet blanke the whole party, Y *Let's zo home! " satd Gen, Booma, “1\yy nre the biggest set of fools this ekle of the o tarxlv‘nlnr." 1 . ie gunrds were called off, &nd as we retr anr steps 1 smiled serenely und 1t a fresh flcr:.d Ty the time we reached the hotel tho Inst gy had disappeared, with the exception of thedudgy and the Generhl, These clever ol noodley came to thme In tolerable good order, “We muat ask your “hardon, sir,” sald the Genernl, a8 I mounted the plazzn. * We hayg treated you with great rudeness; but It was ug. intentionnl, We regrat it very much. The fag g: ‘:llhxl;,},’flcl’ lbu:’min sunm}lun ont of ou vits. ope, sir, that you will “over! littie mlsm'm'." ! ; Y foredluok our “Certalnly,” T replled, with a laugh, Jou understand it all now, und 1 congratulate upon the pleasant dikcovery mmle to-night.” "\‘r‘a“\’x’itlll. );:llllu['“p:lmllsilml,l y l;l(lld.h;dl(a Mi el & e morning an % e ) and shiow you tlg Thoy dul eall the next morning, and thenext, and every morning during mr stay in_Cottons vlllc‘\nml the upshot of [t ull was that 1 epenty delighttul “weck. The peaple of Cottanvilly m'clr“‘s;md )n::]qhedl at L!‘l'e ldo.il nll an "Ihmumo nong the nlzgers,’” and the colored bating club has flourished finely. s pritedne bk N ' LENDEMAN'S ON THE RIVER.” Toward even, when tho Day leans down To kins the upturned face of Nyght, Out just beyond the lond-volced town 1 know aapot of calm de Like crimeon arrows from a quiver, "l:'l‘c' ]ru(l rayn Elcrcu‘lhu w‘ulr.-'ru Nowing, hllg we o drenming, singing, rowls; To Lendoman's on the lllvnr." % 8 The hills, 1iko some glad macking-bird, 'S('ml Lack our lauzhter nnd our singlng} ‘While fulnt, and yet more faint, s heard The steeplo-bells ali mvootly Sotno metaato did tho wlids deliver cach young heal hat Anyust night; All heard, buf all henrd not aright, gty By Lendemsn’s on the River, 2 Night falls, as In rome forelen clime, Tatween the hilla thut slope nnd rises 8o dense the shude at Iandlng-tine We could nat sea ench other's eycs; ‘We only saw the moonbeams qniver Far down upon the stream s thnt nlght TTho new muon gave but littls Hight By Lendemuy's on the Kiver. How dnsky were those paths that led Up from the river to the hully The talk trecs branching overheaa Tuvite the early shades that £ull, In all the preen, " glad world, ol never &'em hm:m “n‘m rreln r‘mm care thun when ‘o wanderad througl those ) W At Lendeman's on lllklllvcr. PAtRSy teiLecy Sa roon, 80 soon, the changes came ; Phis August duy we two alono Ou that snme river, not the mme, Dream of & night forover own, Strange distanccs have como to sever ’Il‘hn h“l'l“ that smllylb«-u n ples Oy~ g miles We cannot cruss, or mensure, From §.cndemln'u ou tho River, ks We'll plnck the leaven, dear friends, to-day,—= The green, the russct: seoins it strange . S0 so0n, 80 #00n, the lenves can changu? Al me! 0 runs a1l life away, ‘Thla blusk wind chills e, and I shiver, e Summer-thme (e alnoat past: Qne more adlen—perchanco the last— o Lendemnn's on the River. BMILWAUKEE, Aung. 28, Euua Wureren S —— TO A GUARDIAN-ANGEL/ Guardian-Angel, in whose care Giod placed thin little child of mine, Watch lier ull day, aml, Wheu night com Bafe falil hier i thord wribw of thines Lead her where nll 1ho wava ure simoot! Hler feetare teniler, Angol deart Tve taukhit her Alwags O0g 1n Love,— Her Jittle heart knows naught of fear. Remembor thot our Savlor nald His zdom waa of such as these; He placed hia hands npon thelr e ol gutered tham it il kncea, ¢ blessed them, und He loves theu all, O Dloeal At WHteh e gl 8hould dash Yer foot agalust a stune, For ahe la all the world to wme, Tray, tead her not yot info Heaven: 1 'want her with 1o yet 8 while, 9. T2t jw ks will, Huw could I live Without the brighiness of her umiloy Perlups 'ths wclllsh, yet God plrced ‘Chis mother-love within wy heart: Yoor heart! 1 think "twould surely break 10 was 1lis will thut we lhuul\rplll. 1f sho shonkd ever wiliful prova, ¥ Kind Augel, and not heud thy volco, And if, whicn sho has oldur grown, The broader roud shiould b her choice, Thea follow hur, and lead her back Into the narroly path of Peace: Until hor e below Is apent, Qut never let your foud ciro cease, Ttemember, when the slicep wurs losf Tho ninaty-nige He left lpluns,— 3 louldurs Mo at last . ing ane Lrought safely home. ngell mld uy cliid, s o'or, (o lleaven's gate; AL YaEE Bt the DOFIAL e S 101 go Arat, for ber ')) wait, Farru Warzox SHE WAS JEALOUS. Bho watchod this other wi iy et ehmeions fonra becamany n o grief, She marked o carclows ward o girllsh smile, Aud reud I cuch the sviublancoof s wlie. Sha 20w thle woman with her fortal eyes, Belf-contred, grave beyond ber years, and wiag, Discunsing ctblea, war, religion, life, Aud even touching on the dutles of a 'wifu. But, oh! hor fealous vjsion saw still more, Yerverting all tho truth sho'd read before; 1t clothied hor rival's virtuve in & vhroud OF black fnjustice, dark'nfug ue a cloud. 80, In her heart of hearts, sho hated her; 8he fancied demon-goda had fated her, A‘Ild wont thiv girl, with all her slren-power, o cheut bor wifehood of ita pricelcss dower, O Jealousy! thou N1l-born child of Trcil. . Why did'st thou curse hee with thy blinding apell; Why throw thy abadow o'cr anathec's lify, Diaseinbling ood, aud vowlug poeds of atife? Ava. 18, 1870, Mzvosa CLank. REBUKE, A Chrlstian pligrim in the Moalem's Jand Prayed ut the worniug-call, *+O FuthergIt 1o v 1t ba 'Thy will, vouchsafe us what we need!, *liase fnfdull” o ‘Frue feliever cried, Prophet's hand " Sball smite they from Es-Serat for (hy foll Whercfore sayest TM“.:IVM' How grouyis Allahi® as thou proi® tho H Tho Pllgrim answered, **Lopmy (od I whio! 1 SearEhotts Reack wil reting withserlion e 483 Al s writ within the Book of Rules That fiattery delighteth oaly ears of fo. Cricaug, ihn‘lw.u.