Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, July 29, 1876, Page 9

THE CHICAGO ‘TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, JULY 29, 1876—TEN PAGLS. " LITERATURE. The Chinese Question: An Argument for "the Celestials. An Atlas of the State of Xlli- nois--=Literary Di- versions. Education of the Freedmen--— The Story of Fisk Uni- versity. Tabors of the American Mission- ary Association at the South. ‘ Tho Flora Round About Chicago—~- The Sun-Dew Family Mound-Builders and Village-In= dians=-==Brief Notes an Scientific Topics., LITERATURE. ' JOJIN CHINAMAN IN AMERICA. THE CHINESE PROBLEN, By L. T. Tows- sexD, 1, D,, Authorof ** Lost Forover,™ elc., ete, Pamphlet. Doston: Leo & Hhepard. During the swmmer of 1875, spent on the Pa- «ific Coast, Dr, Townsend onjoyed peculior fa- cilitfes for Informing himeelf with regard to the condition of the Chinamen on our shores, and 1o the relations of this domesticated forelgner o the Amerlvan oitizen, The results of his in- vestigations are cmbodled In a scrics of short, argumentative, clearly-written papers included within the covers of o 10mo. pamphlet. Dr. Townsend earneatly defends the causo of the Celestlal, le does not discuss our natfonal polfey of un- Umited immigration and unrestricted franchise; but, aceepting these as established principles, declares that it would bo an exceedingly unjust falr to allow thelr frea operation with respect to onc race or nation, and fnterfere with thelr action in the case of any other. If Englishmen and Irlshmen are allowed o home on our sull, . tho Chinese must In cqulty bo granted the snme privilege. It was not through thelr desire that the right of foreign travel and reshlence was granted the latter. On the contrary, Inter- course with Europe and Ameriea lins been foreed upen them, *The United Statcs jolned in breaking down our walls and opening our ports and citles for commerce. You cannot complain,' suy they, “If wepags through the breaches n!l hm% made;" and there {s 1o rejolnder to i sifencing assertion, . The Chincse do not, like other forelgners gecking a foothold on our soll, meddlo with our political, educatfonal, or social questions. Only one of the nenrly 150,000 on the Pacitie Slope has clalmed the rights of citizenship; and not one has asked that the Bible be excluded from our scliools, or that n"X Foruun of the publie- school fund ho directed to the support of sce- tarfun fnstitutfons. The preat crimes al- ogalnst them aro their competi- tion {0 the labor-market, nnd their export to thelr own Jand of the grenicr part of thelr galns while living. and of thelr bones when dead,” As for the first wrong of which thuy nre oc- cused, Tir. Towneend contends that, regarded ina [u-npnrllgm ftiy really a benofit; and he argucs he point substantinlly ou followa= ~ Capital can no longur pay the high wages of lats years, in oither the Atlantlc or the Pacific borders of ont Conti- nont. (uz lnborers who hail from Europo refuse to accommodate themelves Lo the necessitics of the situntion, nnd organize their reballion 1n threaten- Sngund formidable atrikes, 1f the Axintics now step in and knpply tho demand for lntelligent, act- Ive, and obiedient nuxcle aud sinew at & reasonn- Dble rate, -where i the wrong done, and whols the defruided sufferery Thisjun free c¢onntry, and, according tn our Constitution, overy human belng hins within its houndu a right to perform patlent, akillful labor for as smnll remuncration us ho chooses Lo ank and accept, By showing how cheap- Iy zood and faithfuf sorvicocan bo pendered. -the hinatnan {a dotni the country a lpnxluvc good, 1 hio *'can teael the people of Califorma, and, for that matter, the whole country, that we must be lens specalative aml extravagant, and more indus- trione und pravident, he will be & godwend and not acuree.” An o the complafnt of the Chinsman eending his earnings to his native cmmlr{. if he recclvee, eny, a dollar for o fong day's dillgent and inteligent Iabor, suppose he transmits the whole without de- duction--which he doos not—to the home he has Teft, hie leavea hicre, Anys Dr. Tawnsend, twe or three timen (ts cquivalent in the work ho hns ac- complished; and there seoma to be no appreciable differcnco between thin system of cxcliange ond that practiced in the cash purchaup of forolgn mer. chandire, But thero 18 no reason, Dr. Tuwnsend claims, why the Chinamun nay not bo teanaformed into an Ameriean citizen, and becomo n useful member of our Commonwealth, Where opportunities are af- forded for education, they are eagerly embraced Dy this lenorant heathen,” The American-Chinese #chools in the towns nud cities of California and Oregon are crowded with eamest puplls, who matilfust *a perfect manid in the pursuitof knowl- edge," Bays ane of the teachers engaged in the great work of reclabnlng these walfs, **The Irit of gencenl inguiry Iv permeating the whole iness population,' “And, udds Dr, Townsend, Precisely as the Trlsh massus, immigrating to this country, at Brat tving in squalor Leneath that ‘which tho averuge Chinaman lu found, havepasacd from elab+ and wmud-huts to respectable homes stosds: g0 the Chincse, os thoy the beticr compro- Tena thelr mlvnmuficn. snd ua thelr wealth Aceu. mulates, will abandon thelr crowded city-quartars for such heYumln aud comfortablo honiea as he- speak industrlous aud thrifty populations, ™ There are fewer Clinamen in Callifornta than there aro Irishmen In Massnchusctts, New York, or Pennsylvuning and, when they have become odu- cated B0 au 10 apureciuta the benefts and ask for the right of the clective franchise, Dr. Townsend predicts that **These Mongolian voters will stand among the stanchest frlenda of yur Republican in- atitutions, and will beu vuluable corrective at the yolls In settling somo of the confileting and im- pending lswuca which nro shortly to involve tho American people, 'Tho Inbors of the missionaries amang the Chinese aro enconraginuly rewarded, and hundreds have become devout and conslstent Christians, Theso are diligently striving to communicate to thelr fel- fows the Lenefits they have recelved; and the ine creaso of converts, '*as to tho Tapse 'of timo, has been with moro than geomotrical ratlo.” I view of this fact, Dr.Townkend remarks that the Pacific Btatea 1usk rid themeolves of tha Asiatic heathen, aa **{n fact, of all Iynorant and hiliterato foreign- ers, by infusing thom with intolligence; and this {8 10 bio done by Instituting the most vigorous and generous e¢ducational measnres and provisions possible. 1t will make no ditfference what other methods aro attempted or adopted: t maken no difference liow many remonatrances are sent from the Pacifio to the Atlantic Const; 1t makes no dif. ference lLiow many public meetingu are Low many *Anti-Coolie Sccret Soclotle nized, nor however savage their threats, nor E:rhamul or brutal thelr abuses, nothing else will muceced permanently, except tha lifting of these Chineso amigrants on 1o the gllna of an intelllgent :ml ‘lhnroughly-cnllghlcue American cltizens . thip.® —— LITERARY DIVERSIONS, THE ECIIO CLUB; aNp OTtizn LITERART DIVER- H10NS, Xy BavAup TAvLon. 18wo., pp. 185, Bostont Jamoa R, Osgood & Co. Bame twenty years ago, usmall cfrcle of young Amerfcan authors wera in tho hubit of naser- bilng frequent)y in the eventugs, and, for diver- slon, amusing themselves by writing burlesque imitations of the poets of their own 'and an car- Mer time. The pastune was pursucd merely as a meaus of playful recreation from mors serious literary labors, and with no thought of giving publleity to any of the compositions that wero &mdtlue\l. But, four years ugo, ono member of 0 club, Mr. Bayard Taylor, concelved the id of making capital out “of ‘the * Diversiona Which ho[imd contributed to the entertainment of what might bo called o shadowy repetition of the & Noctes Ambrosians.” A few of the orlg- uul cmpgumcfia:n ero 1lom‘w} lvn'llnblu. ;l,zwz: era 8 al wi 0 wet in o framewd distogug, oad published o sorfal form fn the Alluntic, Twa years later, papers wera col- lscted 1y a voluie which was fu ur‘lu London; now they are reproduced, in 8 stylo uniform zl&lhn “Little Classics,” by James 1. Osgood ‘The author, In his modensrelnn. clalms noth- Iag for the wketches boyond the possible ubility *W estisfy the Indolent mood of a wummer-ufter- woon," 'I'hls capacity they undoubiedly nave, and someihing more. - Without Lelug learnod, or brills oL, or profound, they are clever enough to be Mmuslng “and hmm( stimuluting. o critical fomments ellcitid fn the conversations, though tef, aro suigestive, and Intcresting av un expres- Mon of the opinfon ‘of uue who, & hoct blmaclf, l!mnlhl havo & llule crnmnte of the ditiuctive mer- of gthur metrical writers, duwoni this »* Diversions ™ Glling out the volume 8 the review In blank verse of the *! Inn-Albnm, which appesred In the New York 7ribune in Der cember, L8756, The plece displays a mcllug {n m.:y(npmn ot high order af poctical gift: but it reats with indeserved ridicule a truly noble poem, el b ATLAS OF ILLINOIS. ATLAS OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. To Witrett ARE Abnen Vanious GRxznaL Mars, %}Il"\'()fllil %-nmaflcn 9 ”"r.e]l":;":"}%';m‘ nlon Ins Compan: arne y ry torn. Publiahors, Tnkestids Bullding, corner of Clatk and Adaws streets, Chicago, Afthough not quite s comprehensive a3 the “Historical Atlas of the Btate of Jowa,' this present work ls still one of great magmitude, and Is, In every respect, far superior to any of those extant dealing with the same subject. Like its predecessor, it 1s & publieation that onl, those can appreclate who have n practical knowl- edge of the f;nmansc amount of labor, carc, and expense involved In ita preparation, ll Inevident that no peins or expenso have been spared which werg cascntisl to Its completeness. 1n the preparation of ttic work, & tho detalis have had o ba_revlse: partment, We are informed, h n under the charge of a compefent suparintendent, who has given to his reapective branch of the work hin con- Bant and undivided attentlon, A feaure which la Tticniarly worthy of specinl mention in that deals rlffl with thie history of the State. That Mr. An- drowa hae labored faithfuily in the performance of thie task sasigned him, Ia evident not only in the tanty and att?active form in which the work is pre- at variety of ind each de- bat in the accuracy.and fullness of detsil Tomte o Wit brovity Geas (nieyensabie: In truth, 1t may be nafcly eakd that the bistory of Chi- cago na here Flven In the only ane ever produced that can justly hl" claim to something nrpmlchln completcness. Porsibly some **old rettler ' coun rtlely pick a fiaw, but to the multitude it cannot fail to ba cxtremic)y satisfactory. LS8AYS. GENTLE #OLKS AND OTIERS, T Duitninag, Authorof *'Philoso 12mo,, P 300, I'lifladelphi col 0. Chleago: Jansen, Price, 82 Readers of the best books—of thoss which contain the chofcest thoughts clothed in the most effective langunge—will rocognize that this is the produet of unusual culture and medi- tation. It bears no marks of genfus; It utiers o new truthe; it puta the old ones fn no very striking way; and stil] it speaks so sensibly on tonles touching the Inner life, and requiring the most judielous treatment, that respect- ful attentlon s inevitably enllsted:” It f8 like talking with a companion en- dowed with superior {intcllectual faculties, which bave been oxercived in the continual study of the deepeat problems of human existence. Novol and brilliant ideus may not be exprosacd, yet many comments will be likely to find utteranco that strengthen half-formed convictione, revive fading lessone derived from past experlences, and st ins brighter light dim fancics and conjecturcs that necd the reflection of sanother mind to attain satis- factory firmtiesa and conaistency. The book is esscatlslly & woman's hook, and will commend Jtanlf most favorably to the sympathics of women. The first esany, treating of ** Gentle. folka, " 1s mare creditable to ita author than any of thosc which ruccoed It. Lovers of Nature, Letter-Writers, Egolata, Passlonate Women, Errat- icPeaple, Confldants, and Authors, are ainong the varjous subjects discusscd. BOOKS RECEIVED. RISTORY OF THR UNITED BTATES OF AMER- ICA, FROM TIIE DISCOVERY OF THE CON- TINENT, By Gzonoe Bancrorr. In 8ix Vol. umes, Vol V1. M[y Jlevieed Edition, Little, Brown & Co. Jyrta hers and Foota, " . B, Lippin. cClurg & Co. Thoroug 12mo., 035, HBoston: Chlcago: Jansen, McClurg & Co, Price, $2.25. HELEN'S BADIES; Boxk Accopnrt oF Turmn Wars, INNocENT, CRAPTY, ETC., K70, Hy Thelr Latest Victim. Paper. Doston! Laring. Yrice, 60 centa, VEST-POCKET SERIES, TIIE EVE OF BT, AGNE! By Jouwn Kears, INES; ANp OTHER Porxs, Dostont James R, Illustrated, 32mo., pp. 06, Orgood & Co, Price, 60 conts, ulrfi's PROMISE TO PAY: A Novrr. By Crana L. Coxway, 12mo., rp. 204. Philadelphia; J, B. Lippincott & Co, Price, 1,50, ERSAYS, By RALTIL WALDO EMERSON, 8ceond fierios, New and Hevised Kltfen, " 1mo., pp. a, NATURAL HISTORY, HALF-IIOURS WITH INSECTS. Part 10. Inskcts As Ancintacrs, By A, S, ACKARD, JRr., Author of ** Quldo to the Stud; of Insccta,™ etc. Paper. Doston: Estes Laurlat, A_NATION'S BIRTH; aNp Orusn NATIONAL Poxms, 16mo., pp. 60, Borton: Leo & Shen- ard. Chlcago: Jansen, McClarg & Co. Price, 1. A‘PIHLOEOPHY OF RRLIGION; ar, Tnx Ra- TIONAL (InouNps op Revwotous BELige, By Farcholory aie, “Lhues., op. 600, Rew Fork G F, Puttaoys Sona, 7P SPARKS OF SCIENCE. TIIE FLORA ROUND ABOUT CIHI- CAGO. . TuneSuN-DewFAMiLy,~Wehavetworepresen- tatives in our flora of that moet interesting fam- 1ly ofinscetivorous plants, tho Droseracee, Both arefound in thoe marshy tracts noar Miller's and Gibson's Btatlons, on the Michigan Bouthern Rallrond, They are diminutive specimens of the vegetable kingdom, and thelr discovery will require sharp searching from those unacqualnt- ed with thelr aspect and the exact localitles which they inhabit. The Drosera rotundifolla (Round-Leaved Bun-Dew) bas orbleular leaves, generally spread out horizontally in tbe forin of arosette. The tiny Nlowers rise from the centro of tho Jeat-cluster, und are borne on one sido of aslender stalk, or scape, which {s rolled up, when in bud, in o spiral like o forn-lenf. Their time of blooming is fu July and August, DBut the most curious part of the plant s the leayes. These are covered with glandular halrs, or tentacles,—as Darwin calls them from thelr mode of action,~the averagre number on an or- dinary leaf belng from 160 to 200, On the polnt. of cach tentaclo Is secreted a drop of visdd fluld, which glitters in the sunlike a dlamond of dow, and gives the plant its popular name. All day long this gleaming jewel retains its slzo and brillfancy, despito the heat and glare of the midsummer,—thus showing that it {s sustained from sources within the plant {tself, and is not adeposit of external molsture, The roots of the little Bun-Dew must continua to take up liquid from the sofl day and night, In order to supply sulllcient materfal for the maintenance of the myriad drops that gem {ts surfaco, No wonder §t chooses jts home on the bogs that lift thelr heads just abuve the water, that it may lave inexhaustible springs from which to draw the requlaite amount of fluld. The plant nevad scems Lo sleep, but in the darkness, as in the doy- t, keopa ita forces and facultles -in active play. early u century ago, the meaning of the peculiar secrotfun on the leaven of (he Sun-Dew began to exclte the luquiry of botonlste, As Nature is supposed to alluw no waste In her economy, and to have aome special function for esch organ that may exist in plant or anfmal, it was querled what could be the purposo of theso glutinous heads tipping the tentucles of the litle bog-plant. Dur- ing tho last twenty-five years, the habits of the Drosurn have recelved cumululln? attention, and papers presenting the obscrvations of expert uaturallsta have fregucntly appeared In varlous sclentific journ ach one, adding some item of utrange significance, incressed the Intcrest in the Bun-Dow and -stclu allied to it, uatil Ainol), It was acknowledge: b‘r botanists that 8 now ani extraordinary fact had been developed, namely: that there is o cerlain class of plants which derlve A part of thoir subslstence from uitrogenous sub- ftances, snd aro provided with appliances far cap- suring and killing lusocta du orior to feed nhon thew. Within & year or w0, Mr, Charles Darwin has published s “buok contalning bis study of lasectivorous plants during a perlod of firteen Years; and ail that had been aremm-ly discove sk P i oS e ‘“{‘,‘:"",’ f“ ':‘Y“ men nducted by himself, are TWin auppusce, from th which afo outramicd, that (16 odey of ths Boosies: or Sun-Dew, aitracts fnsects, On one large leut ho found the remaing of thirteen insccts, and, on the fifty-alx lcaves borns by & dozen plants gath- ered by chanco, thors were the romatne of thirty- one captlves. Tho largest insecta which he has known of bolng uu’:m hllthu tollaof the Drosers wore & émall yutterdy and & dragon-fly, But theso ;:::a,xg: :t;lnnl]I‘I‘:‘}l‘lr v game for the little Sun- ous apecio and amaiiuize, - o 0 Mew of varl- \Wheo an unwary uscct alights on a loaf of the Dros 1t must nec; Dea 1 1t e 'hcl:i.c.x"’ Eru-h against the tens ¥ Becure), L e, {astening It Lo the apoy nfi"o;&:fi:’:«: Iplews, Tho sensitive tentacios, responding to the irritation caured by 1ts impact, bend thoir tips in upon the fuckless invader, IH"DIIINHIIT". upon un hol a}) sides and complotely enveloping It, they wend fortlh ‘:Mfiuwcd s::.:"(fl tles bathes every part of the captive, first drowmng or atrangllng {t, an by tho actlon of propertica alitliar ko thogs o1 s gastrie Julce, divsolving or dlgcllln[ ull 1te aoft tivsucs, and ftiing (hem, 1o by absurbed by the dands aud intraduced into the systein of the plant. in msect bs vcnumlly killed in about Afteen min. utes after alluhting on the leaf, owing to ite trachew Lielng Alled With the secretion, ‘Che slow. movjng teniucles :lur it 1n thoir embrace in tha cunrke uf fuur or five hours; sud the proce, o veat{un and ubvorption ruguires twe or three days. §Vhe the wiolo is concludod, thy loaf, which his Dent In with the tentacles und folded uround the fnsect, ‘opens agnin. and for a Lriof tino secret very litthe gr na fluid, as If to Jeave Re surface dri that the remams of (he vn»y upon which it hias fu may b blown ofl by the ‘wind, leaviug the feld clear fur rencwed action. Tl Drorara long:jofia, which Is found fn our vicinity, in company with thu 2, rolundisol; 08 spatubiteeubiong lesves, covered with tentacles sud giutinuuy drope, which bebave fna monue juentis cul with that above described. Mr, Dare win's teste were applied muinly o the otwmilfolin, which grows abundantly D.or o Great Bidabng yet ax other specics of the gonus wero stadied by him, and found to pos. #eas the same extraordinary capacities. They were the Jrosera Anglica, which haa elongated leaves atanding nearly erect, the bladea belng an Inch In lnn*lh and bulone-fifth of an Inch in width: the D, Intermnedia, also a native of England, and dif. Ierlnj from tho former fn having amallor leaves: the D, Capenais, n nativo of the Cano of Good Hope, with long leaves nnd follaccoun lenf-stalkn; the 2, sparAuluta, from Australia, charscterize b{ long, narraw Icaven, widening toward thelr tips; the 2. fliformis, & North-American_mpecies, with erect, thread-like leaves fram 6 to 12 Inches long, and 'mrp]n Rowers; and the 0. binata, a giantapecles pecallar to Austealla, bearing, on rush-like footetalks 20 fnches long, cutling leaves, 6 or 7 [nches in length and 8-20 of an inch in breadth, Heeides theay specl Mr. Darwin uPcnkn of four others from Indla and the Cape of Uood Itope. which *‘cloke thelr leaves upon In- scctn with great rapidity. ** Btill another Austeallan lrctlu tho D. heterophylla, hira leaves formed Ifke minuto’ fattened’ cups, upborne by staiks attached to the bottom. 'Chie fnner murfsce and margins of tho cups are set with (¢ntacies, which exitdo a coploun aecretion, for the undoubted pur- pose of entrapping and digeating Innccta, “Six Apecies of Trosera are found in tho United Stater eant of the Misslasippi, and all arc equipped with the same spparatus, Tle Sun- Dow nm“{ comprines about 110 mpe- ¢les, roparated into n half-dozen genera, It 1s sune pected that the greater narl of Lhem are insectivor: ons. All save ono sre herbe, dwelling in web places, and some of them are found in most eonn- triew on the face.of the globe, The /. rolundifolia extends its range evon Inlo the Arctic Clrele. ~ The genus Aldrovarea incindes scveral epecies of aquatic planta, deatitote of roots, and flosting in the water. The leaves arc arranged In_ whorla aronnd the atem, and are encircled by, stiff apines springing from the stalk nt their base, and rojoct ing beyond them. They aro bl-lobed, atudded on the mirfaco with hairs and glands, and their two halves open only abont as much s the valvesof a living muesel-shell. They catch watar-Insects, crustaceans, and larve, au anessential part of thelr diet, The apecies of this geuus grow in Europe, Australla, and Beayal. The Drosophyllum Zusltanienm s confined to ths randy wastes of Portugal nnd Morocco. It has amall roots, and linear leaves ecveral inches long. The upper surface I cancave, and the under con- vex, and both are firnished with glands which se. crete ’“’1’ drops of viscid fluld. ‘The Portugese call the planithe **Fly-Catcher, " and hangit ap in their houacato anawer that pul of files aro attracted to It, and become the viciims of Its enorinous appetite,’ The Roridula dentala, amative of the Cave of Good Hope, has linear leaves furnlahed with tentacles and secrsting ands. The plant has an slmost woody stem an: ranches, and grows to the helght of several feet, The Jlyblia glgantea, an_Auntralisn specles, grown 4 foot and half high, and beurs linear leaves sov- eral inchen long. Tlere have the I{)l’l“lntfl for capturing insecta which are the alnguiar parsession of the family. The Roridula and Oybils eachoom- prise two apecles. Rut the most wonderfal member of the Draser- acea 1a the Dlonma muscipuia (Venus fiy.trap), which s confined $0 a single district }n North Car- olins, Tha roots of thin plant are small, and probably serve muml( to absorb molsture, sa tho plant will flonrish in well-drained, damp m without anysoil. ‘The Jcaves are 'bl.lobed, and supported on a follaccous footstalk, The twoinbes ‘have ench three or four fllaments projecting from their upper surfaco, src thickly sprinkied with glands, and sre bordered with a row of sharp spines, or lrlkcl. 80 . set that, when shat together, they Interlock 1tke the teethof atrap, ‘The filaments arc exquisliely sensitive, and. when tonched in the lightest mannor with an object so delicate as a fine human halr, the lohes of theleaf apring together with amazing celerity, It {s diffi- cuit for the observer o withdraw the object with which the fllament has beenstruck, quickly enongh 1o avold its being caught in the trap; while the in- sect that has chanced ¢o hit & filament almost never encaper. Itls imprisoned hopclessly, and, strug. lqlc aa it mna, {a doomed to beslaln,” The lobes of the leaf hold it fast, while tha glands pouroat a sc- cretion that quickly drowns and then digosts it. ‘The leaf remains closed nutll the insect has been absorbed, and then slowly reopens, The time re- amred to disposc of & caplure varies, —sometimes heing only twenty-four hours, and sgain amount- Ing to thirty-five dns-. tr. Darwin consiilers that the Hionaaa, thouh o beautifolly adapted for the performance of ita unusual functions, ta falling fu the struggle for existence, snd so with all the other geners of the Droseraces, with the exception of (ho Drosera, whose specles, numbering aboat 100, range *‘in the Old World from {hs Arctic roglons o Southern India, fo the Cape of Good Tiope, Madagascar, and Australla; and In the new world, from Cansda to Terra del Pue- go." This dominant form has been eminently successful In the battle for life: but the others liave not been able to increase thelr species beyond three at the most, or to sxtend their rangoe oulside of s limited locality, The common paront form of the Droseracec Mr. Darwin supposes to have pos- sessed tha charactors of Drosophylium, Rosidnla, and Zybiis, 1tsleaves, he thinks, **werealmost certainly linear, perhaps divided, and bore on thelr upper and lower murfsces Eh\m‘ln which had the power of sccreting and absorbing.™ . THE MOUND-BUILDERS, At tho mecting of the Natlonal Academy of Belences, in Aprll, Mr. L. I, Morgan contributed a paper in which he advanced the theory that the Mound-Bullders ¢f America were Village- Indlans from New Mexico, so called from their babit of lving jn communities, The carth- worka left by the Mound-Builders arc very simi- 1ar in desfgn and structure to the embankments which were raised by the Village-Indians of Yucatan and Chiopas as the site of their dwell- Ings. These last were, in warm climates, built of adobe; but, north of the Ohlo, were probably constructed of timber, and thelir walls conted with earth, 1In fllustration of thia theory, Mr. Morgan exhibited a plun of buildings adapted to the bunk- works created by the Mound-Builders, snd also corresponding with the dwellings of the Village- Indiane, The communal mode of lifa waa better sulted to a warm than to a cool climaty; hence M, Morgan concludes that the Village.Indiana who tompted Lo establish themsclves (u the territory north of the Ohio **eventually succambed in tho struggle for existence, while their kindred In Mex- ico and Central America wore ablo to sustain them- #clves for & much longer perios Tho theory of Mr, Moryan was tapnorted by ad- ditional teatimony and argitment produced by 3les Powell, wha has made Indian structu n cspeclal ady, and by Prof. Marsh, who has, in a long serica of comparisons, been impresscd with the likeness between the akulls of the Mound-Ballders and thoso of tho Village-Indians, 3 —— DRIEF¥ NOTES, ‘The Norwegian expedition engaged in sound- ing and dredging inthe North Atlantic, ran Into Christfansund June 23. A fow days after, it Toft that port for the Faroes and Iceland. In the three woeks slnce its departure from Ber- gen, the oxpedition had sccomplished intereat- {ug results in its speclflc work. Mr. John Gould, well known as the author of sevoral splondldly fllustrated works on Ornle thology, has begun the publication of a volumo fllustrating the * Birds of New Guinea.” He hins already delineated tho ** Birds of Australla? In a work describing with pen and pencll 081 apecies; and thislater book may bo regarded asa aupplement of the earlier one,—~the fauna of New {lulllm-l boing essentially related to thatof Aus- ralta, The Goyernments of Tarkey and Persla are en- deavoring, by the establishment of a rigorous quarantin system, to defend thelr dominlons from an invasion ‘of the plague, which broke out in Mesopotamle early In the year. For threg years Derslan subjects kave been forbldden to make pil- irlmnxua into the Infected country; and, since pril, all communications by land ara bi stton quarantine of fifteen d:{n he ports of the Per- aan Guif are protected by a almilar meanure, while Vesuels 8l g on the Tigeis and Kuphrotes aro de- ayned at Kourna, Jying at the confiuenco of these rivers fiftcen days. Some montha ago, & French trading-vesscl was sent 10 tho Islands of Bt. Paul and Amsterdam, to complete the collections in natural history made Ly the Transit-of-Venue expedition. The vessc) was wrecked on the Tsland of Amaterdam, and the Captain alone saved. After an enforced residence of two nionths on this uninshited spot. he wus reacued by 8 Narwegian whaler. Durlnfihll lonely captivity hie dld not forgot the object of bis vuynge, but collccted as many specimens as was poasiblo under the clrcumstunces; and theae e hoen transmitted to France by the Measageries Natlonales, M. Raflray, empowered by the FPrench Minister of Public nstruction, bas undurtakon -an explor- atlon of the Sunda Islands and Now Quinca, with espcclal refervnce to the department of natursl history, il left Toulon for Blugnpum on the 20th, taking with him sa asslstaut M, Maurice Main- druw, of the Entomological Laboratory af the ’aria Buseum. From Slugapore he wil( procecd by Datavia to Ternate and the Island of Wal, where he will remain until the spring of 1877, Thence lllll‘l!“ on to Lorey, he will endeavor to land on the const of the Aropln country, ou the wouth of Qulvinch's Bay,—» region unvisited by late explorers. 1t {s expected thut the expedition will occupy two or three year, FAMILIAR TALK, EDUCATING TIHFE FREEDMEN, In the educational department of the Cen- tennlal Exposition, which is filled with an inter- cating mass of materisl showing the work the United States Is accomplishing through the sys- tem of common and higher schools, there (s a set of ninetcen octavo volumes, the sight of which must impress the feellng mind more deep- 1y than al else In the collectlon. Tho volumes are eloquent and pathotic witncsses to the cmancipation and gradua! elevation of a long aud grievously-oppressed race, Thelr contents conslst of examination-papers, essays, maps, drawings, ete., that have been exe.ted by the students In the freedmen’s schools supported by the American Allasionary Assuclution In the South; and, we are told, they compuaro fuvora- DIy with uuy display of the surt exhibiied Ly puplls of the sage grade of schools in the Nortl, Aninspection of these books incltes u lively curiosity as to the organization und opcrations ove. Vast numbers ! of a 8oclety which fs effecting such promising reaulta In the momentous work of educating n large and illiterate class {n our Southern States, The Amerlcan Misslonary Assoclation was es- tabliahed in 1849, withthe aim of preaching “the Uospel to the poor.”” Its inspirlng motlive was a sympathy with the friendiess slave; and, alnce the emnncipation, its efforts have been chielly directed to the preparation of the freedmen tfor their dutles ns citizens and Chrjstians In America, and as infsslonaries in Africa” In September, 1881, only five months alter the War began, tho Assoclation opened a school at Fort- ress Monros for the beneflt of the fugitives who hurriedly broke fromn thelr bondage and sought shclter under the “-F of the Union. This was speedily followed by other schools estab- Mahed by different denumiinations of the United Btates; und soun, in various abandoned camnps of theloyal ariny, thera wero gathered nsseins hinges of men, and wonien, and chlldren of a hit) wnnnugccled and benlghted people, Matening engerly to the Inatruction of teachors und mission: arlex, who strove with as much genteful zeal to din. penne knnwledfe to theae famlshing souls, as they did to recelveit, ‘I'he philanthropic nstitutlon which bepan this educational and religioun work in nu]murtefi'lflmnnl entirely by the Congregational churches of the Notth,” During the luat twelve yenrn it hias expend. ed abont 8,000,000 4 the prosecation of it va- rioun enterprises for the lmgmv»ment of the freed. men. 1t has Afty-eight churches and thirty-two nAchools and colleges, " Of thenc lnat, seven arp chartered Institutions, viz.: Hampton Instiiote, Virginia; Beran College, Kentucky; Fiak Univers f‘:i'a' Tzn?fus:nj‘,}zgnm l;;melnn (lienr u;;fiu. It Colie nbama; Tugaloo Unfreralt - it o litraight Univeraity, New Oreans: Seventeen of the remaining schools are Normal, and eight aftord facilitles for o common ed. ucatlon, The number of teachers and missiona- rics which the Annaclation has had wnder {ts care during the Isal year is 214, and the students [n at. tendance at ita schools Are reckoncd as follows: In the.theological course, 70; In tho college course, 00; in the chartered institutions, 1,020 and {n'the other activols, 8,200; in all, a fotal of 0,910, ' At Straight University, during the fow years of ta oxistence, there has been an aygregate attend- ance of nearly 3,500 students. The catalogue of the present year showa an incrense of 65 over the nomber enrolled last y At llampton Institute, £11 students were {n atteudance during the past twelvomontb; and, at the annual examlustion in May, 45 graduatea—the largest clana yet sent out from thae natitute—received the roll of parchinent Attesting their thorough completion of ita curricu- lum, At Fitk University, the catalogue for the {nr closing li:“l{i'm‘gmefl 11 students In the col- ega conree, 14 in the college preparatory courae, 1o the theological course, 03 1 e course, and 64 in the primary school,—a total of 212, “The rat graduates that” have left this lanti- tution finiahed their conrse the present yeut. The clnse was smali, comprising ouly four, A pecullar intereat attaches to Fisk Untrersity, on account of the extraordinary carecrof its stu- dent-clioir, tho famous *‘Jubllec Singers;'' and ‘we thorefure sketch it history, which, in the gen- cral particulars, representa the experience of all the other schools eatablished Ly the American Minslonary Association: The fiest freedmen'’s school in Nashville was opened in 1863 by the Rev. J. 0. McKee, It way for several years successfully maintained by fits fonnder; but, when other scnools were eatablished in the city, and _the public_schools opened. their doors to colored children, its numbers dechined, and it was finsily abandoned, In the 1876, the Amcerican Missionary Aaso :WD (!:f ita c;flluleul'l Nnhv(llile Ila‘lu:lml enlllb'lll- y of opening a primary school for the inatruction of freedmen. After Que consideration, It wau declded to purchase the siteon which which stooa the hospital bujldinge that bad becn used by the Government during the War, The buildings and grounds were sccured for$10,000; and, the nceded anmm"o" being made, the school was opened Janusry, 1860, gratitude for the genorous interest monifested §n {ta welfaro by Gen, C. B, Fiek, then Presldent of the Freedmen's Burean of Teanesace and adjoining Btates, the name of Fisk in the normal waa given to the infant Institution. The Western Froedmon's Ald Commisslon sasisted for a year or two In the support of the school, and then gave over the entlre charge Lo the Association, by witlch 1t {'uu ever aluce \:&.-n'lg:lerlcd. A 'or two ycary the schoal was an tel b, Prof, John Ogden, and 1,000 childron wers uu! nually in stiendance. lu Septewber, 1867, the public schools of Nashville admitted colored chil- dren to the enjoyment of their udvantages; but, by this time, many of tho puplls of Fisk School had advanced 8o far as to demand & higher grade of in- steuction. In consideration of thls faci, a charter waa obtained, and the Plak Schocl was transform- ed into isk Univervity, The firat nozmal class was formed in the fall of 1807, and a dormitory and bourding-dopartment were prevared for the roeep- tion of students, “I'he Peabody Fuud nted the inatitution $500 snnually In old of indigent atu. donta, and the Freedman's Bareau donated the sum ol , 000, With this assietan putin tolerable working order, usefulness was groatly extended, But, In the course of throe or four years, the Uulversity had 80 far Increaved 5 numbers 8¢ fur to outgrow ita nccommudations; and now, unless now and ealarged quartera could be provided, the "n? alternative was & seruus restriction of jta widening infuences, The Asiociation was ia no condition to afford the requisite help, and great anxlety for its welfars was folt by thowe Iutercuted in the future of the school. It this emergency, Prof. George L. White, tho musical inatructor of the Fisk pupile, concofved the idea of attempting to sccure the needed aesistance by takinga com- {:my of his best-tralned singers on a concert-tour hrough the North, The undertaking was hazard- ous, but 'rof. White had the couragu and resolu- tlon to attempt it. 1o first wrote to Gen. Flak, asking the loan of with which to atart hiu enterprise, The Gen. cral, in mxmuo‘ atrongly sdvieed the Professor to nbandon his hopelesa plon. Tho stardy muslc- al director doughtily auswered lack, ‘'tuat ha trusted in God und not In Gen. Fisk," and went on cmuplnuml the preliminarics of his acheme, In Oc+ tober, 1871, he loft Nashville with his band of “Jubllee Singers," conslsting of eleven young men and women, with a governces and instrictor, 1t was the presutire of poverty that seat th pany forth on their desperato errand, and their meoyre equipments and motley dress betrayed the scantiness of thelr resources.” But they bad the courago luspired by & worthy cause, and their cap- ital was In that cause, and in their "gift of voice, and thelr skilifal chantlng of the wild, plalutive melodies born of the throes of slavery. For the firat threo months the **8ingors' managed barely t0 pay thelr expensok, and, amid much discourage- ment, and eacrifice, and privation, persevered on their way, As the winter sct in, they had great difticulty to procure sultable clothing to protect them from the cold, and were thankfol for puch recond-hand garmonts of unconth fashion as cha. ity mlfiht beatow upon them. Ons r{mul?: Wwomun ‘was reduced to the extramity of wearing cloth slfp. pers whilo attending to the affaira of the troupe hat obliged her to travel through the wet and slush of the winter-streets, Bat In_Jaguary, 1872, with the arrival of the party in New York, & sudden and grateful change occurred in thelr fortunes, and, in the cnauing four months, occupfed with a tour fa New En- Rland, the concerts of the *‘Jubllec Binpers™ notted thet $20,000, With ths aum they returned to Nashville, and purchased 25 acres'on acom- manding sfte, aa the ground for & new nniversity. A second campaign, In 1473, gave to the Singers snother $20, 3 ly a tour through Great Uritain, 101874, they obtained $60,000 above alt expenses, In 1B75,” they ogaln crossed the At- lantic; and from Kngland, where they still are, they have this time sent back $20,000. Out of this hondsome fund, a noble structure, called Jubiles 11al], in honor of the Singers who procured 1he mesns for 1ts ercctiun, has been built onthe lnnd purchased in 1872, 'The edifice was ready for occupation at the beginning of tha Pmcnt 00T, and was formally dodicated on the 1atday of Junu- ary, As wo W{‘Ltu this, there lie on the tablo bofare ns hotographs uf n sCure or mora of the st pramis. ng puplis of Fink Univors! Iy; and brighter, more lnm’leelull. and propossessing faces could not be picked out from any collection of 200 students bio- anging to a Northern college, Whoever entertaing the notion that the freedmen of the Bouth are an Inferior race, would be disabused of tho idea l’vflr £y study of tlicse Intelligent countenances, 'ho atudents In the freedmen's schools are, with raro | exceptions, indigent. 1t fa but & few years gince they and their fatherscame into posacssion of their Mbrty, —of the right to appropriate the Just wages of thelr honest labor; sud it s not to be expected that they should yet have becn able Lo lift thems selves out of & condition of poverty, ‘Thrownupon thelr own resourced, in & staty of {gnorance as well as of destitution, thoy needed help In varlous ways (n order to learn how to better thems The firat thing domanded for tho children and youth was mentsl and moral culture; aud this Ia being given thewm a8 rapldly as possible in the “hfilll fostercd by the Amorican Missionary As« sociation. ‘The puplls 1n Fisk Univeraity, s In the other freedmen’s achools, are bumbly clad; but ln futel. lect, in mannera, and deportment, it is the testl- mony of their teachers that they are quito on a level withany class of studenta fu Northern schools, Thoy have dropped tho dialect, the hubits, and the demvanor that characterize the gnorant negro,and ourteon, atlable, and refined as ure the cul- tivated sons und dsughters of the Caucasiun race. The benefit to the colored people extonded by the frecdmen's achools duce not eud with the Hitruce tion given to their pupils, Durlug the snmmer 'vacatlons these go uut auong their people snd be- come teachers In their turn, In 1874, 110 atudents of Flak UII|\"II’I||’! were coyeged In teaching In col- ared schools; and it ia estimated that about 10,000 children como uunder (heir Instruction In dn{- achools, and 7 000 In Bunday-schools, In 1475, 140 studenta wers onployed (1 (he aamio Imporiant Al-enll{ ax 1805, pupile in Fisk University wuch progrevs as 4o bo able loact i teachers 8nd evangelists swong the freedmen, and eversince the nuniber has annually Jocressed, and the lxlunlnf- of education been, thruugh taelr in- strumentallty contlnually extended. In the yeur Just closed, {n- stated that not less than 60,000 children have been (aught by men and women who have received thelr education In tho schooly of the Amerlcun Missionary Association. 'I'he censua of 1870 shuwed that thers were fn tho Soutburn Blatea 3,550,420 persuns abwve 10 years of age~—inciuding blacks and whiles—who could uot read ; and that, of the men entitled to the elective franchlae, lucludiug both blacks und whites, there were 1, 137, 301 who were oblliged tu conféus thelr Nlitecacy by waking a crow under their llg{nn‘urun. ‘I'icas startling statistice prove the vitul importance of active educativual work In the Sauth, and auzgest tho vase extout of the deld in witch the Americun Missionary Assuclation (s laboring, Thv salvation of the Seuth depemls in o Lreat meaure upon the edacation of e colured population. Uypon the eulizitenuent of the blucks duvends thelr industry, thelr thrift, their Indgs pendence, and thelr good behavior. With ft, they iy soon become nseful and honorahie citizens ot the Hiate: without i, they are worse than adend welght,—they aro a eankering pore, con- wuming the health and the etrength, lnfi destroying the integrity of the body politic. The North ahonld feci the keenost Interest in the Improvement of thie freedmen, Its henevolence should find liheral excreire in anstaining every fesaure adapted to furthier this great ‘oblect, While the Unlted States has miiliona of Ignorant hiacka, and thousanda of heathen Chincse, —to sy nothinz of the tribes of savage Indlans, —within (ta houndarles, not a dollar ahoull he contributed by itn Cheletians and philanihropiats to forelgn mise o That {8 & o sage maxim which curtly de. clares that ** Charity begine at home," It ehould; and, nntil the frecdmen born on out rofl, and the Caolies Invading the territory on our Pacific alope, arc clevated In point of Intellience to the lovel of tho white mon, and are fitted to partake of the rlghts and the privileges of the American_ cltizen, the barbarinna fn (ke Southern Inlands and the Af. ricans under tho Equator shonid be left to et along ns beet Uiy may withoutone help ta hiankets, or to the Nible even. Let ns clean our native land of the patk apota which Indieate the ex- istence of fgnorance, paganism, and their attend. ant vices, befare we devote vur encegles to the 1l Ininination of forelgn countries enveloped in a darkness no denser than that shroudlug large arcay in our own, —— BRITISII UNIVERSITIES. Until a recent period, the tvo great Universt- tics of England conferred degrees and fellow- ships only upun members of the Established Church; but, by late cnactments, this system of exclusiveness bas been abrogated, and Non- conformists are now admitted to the privileges of Oxford and Cambridge. It was to give de- grees Lo those young men who, hecause of their living outshde of the pale of the English Church, or for some other reason, were unable to enter the Orthodox Universitice, that the University of London was organized, in 1520, This insti- tation consistaof & Chancellor, Vice.Chaneellor, thirty-six Fellows, and sn indefinite number of gradiaten. It does not enter into the work of ed- ucation, bot limits Oice to the bestowment of degrees upon ach from the metrupolitan and provincial colleges, and upon private tudents, who prove their right to a dioloma by passing the pre- scribed examlnation, At the Iast_matriculation cxamination, it 1a said that nearly 700 candida came forward to receive the coveted degres. The four universities of Scotland—Edinburg, Aberdeen, Glasgow, and Bt. Andraw's—are af- tended wmore Jargely by the middie then the uprr clatses.. They also pay more attention to the sciencea than do Cambridge and Oxford; but they do not send out wuch accomplished scholsrs us do the Intter schouls. — The Scotch Universitics have severed thelr connection with the Church of Fcot- land, yet thelr Facultics of Theolozy educate the miniaters of that Church. They show their liber. ality by .conferring theological degrees upan cminent divines of the various divisiona of the Presbyterian Church, and occaslonally upon English Nonconformiats, Py STUDENT-TOURISTS, The Prefect of the Scine Department, says Nature, has created a fund of 11,000 francs for scnding to Dleppe, the seaport nearest to Parls, a number of pupils of the municipal free schools. Flfty will be selected from each achool, and are to be chosen mccording to their merits, tourlst-1aureates sro to be boarded fn the Dieppe Clollc te It surrounding places, and recelve ‘In- steaction i the natuml curosities or historlcal facts connected with the localities. WAS IT WORTH A LEG? It was In the autumn of the year 1783 .that o surgeon {n Boulogne, of the name of Etienne Lefcbyre, recelved a letter, not bearing any signuture, requesting him to repair on the fol- lowing day to a country-house which was situ- ated on the rond leading to Calals, and to bring along such instruments ns would be required for porforming an operation. Lefebvre was at that period well known as a dlstingulshed and successful operator; 60 much s0, indeed, that he was not unfrequently sent for from great distances. He had scrved for a conalderable time In the navy, and his manners had, there- fore, acquired & certaln degreo of bluntness; but, when you once bocame scquainted with® him, you could not help liking him for the natural and unaffected goodness of his leart. e was naturally somewhat surprised at this ancuymous communication; for, although the time and place were, a8 already stated, mene tioned wit great minuteness, there was no clew afforded by which the writer cauld be Iden- tified, Ile, therefore, came to the conclusion that some of his jocular fricuds were making fun ‘;: him, sod ne dld not keep the appoint- men| ‘Three days afterwards he ngaln reccived a almilar summons, but couched in more pressing terms than the firat, and he was informed that at ¥ o’clock fn the morning & carrlage would be sent to bring him to the “place where he wos snxiously expected. Accordingly next mom- fug, suré enough, on the last stroke of 9, a car- rluge drove up to his door, The doctor no lon- ger made any hesftation, but i ones took his seat {n the carriage, As he was getting in, he Inquired of 6 cos an where he was to taken toj but the man appeared elther mnot to know, or dld not choose to tell; but, ns he spoke In Ene Elish, Lefebvre sald ta himeelf, “8o it is au En- glishman to whom I am summoned," and ho m'cordlnfil{v prepared himself for any exhibition of eccentrivity on the part of one uf that nation Wwhich even now is so little understood by Con- tinentals, At length the carrioge stopped, and the doctor hastened Into the house, Ile was received at the entrance by aflne- looking youniz man of about 25 years of age, wha requested hin to walk Into”a large ang Landsome room on_the first floor. His nccent showed him to be au Englishman, The follow- lu; conversation then ensued between them: ' You have gent for me," said the dbctor. “]am yery much obliged to you for the trouble 'you avo tuken fn coming here,” re- Jolued the Englishman. ¢ Be so good as to seat yourself at tavle, where you will find cliovolate, coltee, or wine, in case you would like to par- a‘kn 31 anything befor¢ commencing the opera. ou, ' But firat ghow me the patient. I wish to satisfy mysell that an operation is absolutely uceessary. ' ‘It Isnceessary, Monsieur Lefebyre; pray bo seated, Ihave cutire confidence in yous; onl listen to me. Hore {8 @ purse contilning 1 Rulneas, which I offer you ns a fee for the oper- atlyn you are asked to perform, no matter what the result may be, 1 case of your refusin complisnce with iy request, you see this pistol, Itis louded, and you are {n ‘my power. As I ho‘pe for salvation, I will blow your braius out," ‘8ir, 1 am not to be deterred from doing what L cunumurlrraper by any fear of your pis- tol, But what do you desiret What am I exe nected to dol? You must cut my right leg off,” 4 With all m{ heart," answered the surgeon, thinking that this wus a characterlstic speclmen of those mud English; * and your haud, also, 1l necessary or desiruble, However, unless Lam ffl:nuy miataken, your leg is perfectly sound. saw you walk down_ stulrs with th eatest |u~t|\fir,y. What can be the matter with your * Nothing; but it must come off.” 8ir, you are mad.* “Thut fa uo coucern of yours, Monsieur Lefebyro." N . \:"l_mt harm can that bandeome limb have one’ *t None at all; still Jou must make up your mind to smputate it." “81r, I buve no sequalntance with you; give me some proof that you are In sound wmiud," naturally demunded the Doctor, MWIIyou consent to wy wishes, Monsieur Lefebvre?” . '“As 50071 A8 you can assign any adequate or {'euu’ ‘mblu motfve for 8o unnevessary au operas on. I cannot at present enter into any expluna- tions,~—Iu a year, ]mrlmpl, I willdo %o, Butl will bet you, sir, that then you will acknowledge thut my reusons for my present secmingly-cx- travagant conduct ard mdst pure, manly, and noble, aud even ratlonal,” ¢ ks quity impossiblo for me," remonatrated tho surgeon, Lo comply uatil you tell mo your usme, pluce of restdence, position and family,” ' You shall be made acquainted with all thise particulars at some future time, but not at pres- eut, 1 begg you to conslder me a man of honor, " ‘* A man of honor does not utter unjustifiable threuts sgatust s doctor, I bave to perfonn a duty even towards you, who are wstranger to me, My reasons for ru{u-luc o seceds to your abaurd request are, a8 you ust admit, séuud and just. Do you wish to be the murderer of un (unocent father of a large fanlly ' S Well, Monsieur Letebyre,” replied the Englistian, taking up tho pistol, % wll not firs upon you, and yet I will compel you to cut oft this leje. 'What' you refuss to do to oblige me, through love of gain or fear of & bullet, you shall do tl nruulgh huwanity,”? *Ilow 8o, siri* 1 futend to shatter my leg with this pistol, and that, too, before your eyes,” answered the Englislinun, who accordingly seated bimself, cocked the pistol, and then took deliberute alin ut lis knee-joint, Lefebyre rushed forward to prevent bim, but the Engllshman coolly sxclatms * Do not come near; £ you do, I fire, only answer e this qiestio pralong my sulfering needlessly (" 4 8ir, yon ure mud,” anewered the Doctor In Aespalr; **but have your own way~I am ready to do ng rm wish.” Everything wus ready for the operation. As Now Da you wish to soun us the gurkeun ok up bis iustrutents | the Englishman lighted his cigar, and declared | that he would smoke until the operation wna concluded, He Kept his word._ The lifcless lew rested upon the floor, but the Englishman stiil sinoked on. The operation had bren performed 1n A nost masterly manner, and, thanks to Dr, Lefebyre’s skill and attention, the patient soon hecame perfectly recovered, although, of course, he had to be supplied with a wooden leg. e rewarded the surgeon, whom he had learned to esteem mors and morg every day; thanked him with tears in his eyes for the great oblization under which he had laid bim; and in a short time atarted for England. About two months after his patfent’s depart- ure the aurgeon recelved the following letter from England: Incloned yan will recefve a token of my bonndless fimllnuz‘——- bill of exchange on my banker In atin for 6, 600 france. Yon have rondered me the hnm‘::.c»‘ of men by ridding me of & 1imb which was 2n obstacle in the wa; n} my happlness, Learn, then, the reason of -‘u you termed my mailness. You asaured me that there could be no juatifiable motlve for so aingular & mutilstion. Toilered you 4 wager, and I think yon were right In refusing it. Alter my second retum from ths'i!ul Indien, 1be- came acquainted with Susan Black, the most ac. complinhed and fascinaling of women. I monght her band in marrisge. ‘Iler fortune and family- were auch &s met with the entiro approbation of my parenta. As for me, I thought onl; of her charms. [ was poun happy enon to giin her affections,—a fact ~which she did not attempt to deny: but she, st tho sume time, Srmly refured to become my wife, In yaindid [ ch her to do no; in vain did her ree lations all second my desire. 8he was {nflexible. Por s log time 1 coutd not dircover the reanon of her upposition to a marriage which sheherself con- fessed wonid make hee happy: until, at Inet, otie of hec ninters revealed the fatal secret to me, $u was & marvol of besuty, but she was so unfortu- nate s to have lost a feg, and she had cnnue?ulnv l{ condemned herwelf Lo eternal celibacy. My res. olutlon waa yuickly formed, and I determined to lecome like her. Thanks to yon, my dear Lefeb- yre, my wishes were soon accomplished. I roe turned with my wooden leg to London. 1 bastened to galn informatlon of Mins Black, The report had been apread, and 1 myeelf had taken care to write to my friends’ in England to the same effect, that { had had the miafortune 1o fracturc my leg, and that amputation had been found sbsolutely necessary. Kvery ons expreined the greatest concern at my misfortune, Suean fainted on the frst oceasion of my prezents fng mynelf. Rhe was for a Jong time inconsalable. but atlength she consented to become my wife. 1t war only on tha morning after our maeriage that 1 confesacd to her tho sacrifice by meana of which I had at length Leen enohled to galn her consent o be mine, “The avowal lncreased Lier fove. Oh!my excellent friend, had I ten lega to lose, T would EL" them all nr for the sake of my leloved Susan, Tong a9 1 live, rely on my gratitude. 1f ever you visit' England, do fiot fail to come here, ko that may make you acquainted withmy wife; and then tell ‘me whether or not I was outof my nenses, Yours, fafthfully, Antiutn OxLey. Monsteur Lefehyre answered the letter of his English friend In the following terms: §in: Accept my beat thanks for your very gener. ous present,—for so1 must torm what you have sent me, haslng been previously magnificently re- munerated for my trouble, ua_you were pleased to termit. Iwish you, s wellus your churming wite, all imaginable happiners. True Jt i thal to give s leg In exchanye for a beautiful, tender, and virtnous wife {a not too much, sm\'lde\l the bappl- ness endures, Adam sacrificed one of his ribs to become poseeseed of our common mother Rve, and more than one man Las laid down hix Iife for the #ake of his beloved. Notwithstanding all thia, al- low me to adhere to my former opinion. For the present yon are doubtless right, for yon are now in the ‘honeymoon; but at some future (fme you wiil scknowledgo the truth of what I advanced, begl your attention to what T am about to eay. 1 fear that in two years yoo will repent of having had {uur leg amputated above the knee-joint. Yon will think that to Linve it cut off Jower down would have been guite sufficient. In three yenrs you will be parsunded that the sacrifice of & foot would have answered all hl)xrgulel: in four, that of the blg too; in five, the little one; and, at last, you will have confessed that to have arted with & nall, witbout nccossity, wounld have sen s plece of sgroglous foily. All this [ assort without in the lightest degree Impugning the merit of your admimble helpmate, In my own youthful daya 1 wonld have, at any time, given my life for my mistreen, but never my leg, for I should bave feared repentance for the reat of my days. Had I reslly done so, 1should have every inoment said to myeelf, **Lefebyre, you are a madman,” With highest conalderation, yours very obediently, ETIENNE LEFERVIE. In the year 1593, during the Reign of Terror, the surgeon of Bvlngm:‘ ving been accused o! being an aristocrat by oue of his younger pro- fessfonal brethren who envied him his practice, was obliged to take refuge in London, In order to save his neck from’ the gufllotine. Belng without employment or acquafutances, he in- uired for the residence of hLis formuer patient, r. Oxley, 1o was directed to it, and, on ar- riving at tho bouse, he seut up his' pame, and was jmmediately admitted, In 8 huge srmu- chalr, geated befare the fire, with o bottle of wine beside hln, sat & portly persunage, whose aize was o great that It was with dificulty that he could riso to welcome his visitor, * Wel- come, Monsieur Lefcbvre,” exclaiined the huge Euglishman. Do not be offended at my re- celvlng you In this manner, but my cursed wooden ‘leg won't sllow me to do m\yt.hlfl[ii You hnve come, no doubt, my friend, to sce in the long run you were not right.” “I’n.m 4 fugitlve sceking an asylum among ou, . * You ghall stay with me, for you are really a wise man. You will coneale e, Do you know, my dear Lefcbvre, that, had It not been for this abominable wooden leg rendering me useless, [ should by thistime have been Admiral of the Bluv. 1 spend my le in reaaing tho newspapers, and in curses ‘that I am tled here when everybody else fs up and doing, * Remaln lieres you'shalf comfart me.” B “Your dmrmlufi wife can doubtless do that better than I can. “Oh, s for that, no. Her wooden leg pre- vents her from gadding about aud danclug; so she has, a8 a resource, given herself up to cards and scandal. There Is no possibility of living alone with bery In other respects sl is o good- enough womaa.’ 1 \5lmtl was I right, then?” exclaimed the surgeon, - “Oh, a thousand times, my dear Lefebvre; but say no mora on that subject. I was anun- utterable fool. If I had my leg back sgain, 1 would not part with the paring of asingle onall. Between ourselves, I must have been crazy; "but keep that to yourself."—English Alagazine, SYLVAN DELL. Who cares that, musing, T am wandering here, In this far, sweet-to-me, accluded spot? Thae unngnr cyeth me, but does not caro; The friend I loved, loog slnce may have forgot! ‘The sky bends down to me, the same of yore, And solt, white clouds flast gently o'er the blueg Whillo tall treen grandly arch the 1*studded floor, " And I\thcngu steal * their shimm'ring glances through, Arcadla’s retreat T eall mo this,— A spot where pocts woll may Jove to hle: Here Nature fell saleep, and dreamed of bliss She woke, and this {s where ber form dld lle t of ull the peopled Eartht Flooded with strains of peefect harmony, — Why should I care for titled lands, or birth, Slnce, to Nature born, 1am title-freo? Ticre may I sing my loved Iays undisturbed, And quall the clearest nectar of the sprls While in my heart & deeper fount {s stirred, Whoee haltowed depths to this fair shrino I bring. Thia ean 1 people with forms all my own, — ¥air living forma from Momory's deal; Although the semblance of thém may have flown, 5till they the same o we are—loved and real Here could I 1ive tho long, long Bummer's day, And dream aa nover mortal dreamed before; But fail to sing in titeat, fairoat words the lay Ay noul is yearnlog from its depths to pour. Fale, sacred aylvan dell! enchanted apot! Divinest forms In thee are, stamped {n clays Uither would I come where the world (s not, And revel in beautiful dreama alway. Kasora, Minn,, July. Many K, Burrsas e e =2 TWO LITTLE WANDERERS. Two Mittle wanderers huddled close togethor Up ng-lm‘lhma doorway, to screen thum from ¢he weather? Toud m‘nu the thunder, heavy falle the rain: T'wo Jittle wanderers FPoverty doth clalum, ‘Two llitle wanderers Alltting to and fro; Little syes look upward, p a5 1h0; HMomma's sick a dylmf- awa, Give e just 8 penny, slr—give ma one, Two little wanderers In each other's arms, Ontheir squalld bed of struw, fros from Sin's I B O'er l:n:m bonds a figure—~o'er them bends o face; ‘Tis & nLnlh long farewell—ber darlioge’ lsst embu O grandest Boftly breake the mornlng—aoftly breaks the day; Llttlo heurts are wnk(n{—wnklng todlsmay; Little hearts are watching for their dally bread; Littlo hearts ate weeplug: Mawma, Manima'y dead! God, have pity on them—1(ttle ones below, Children of Misfortune, Misery, and Woe God, hiave ity on thew—on thelr lone distress, Forwhat (v llle'wnen thoy're denled a wother's fond carcas , 1870, Joskru D, Tuuxsy, Cuicauo, July REPENTANCE, . Ber sweet, young face Waa full OF wo; 8ho did not think 'Po grieve kim do. Al thoughtless No— t meant i fun: *the delhzhitful 1o by wooed, Aud batetul to be wan Juer, 1870 Faxqu A WISCONSIN REFOR The Crookedness of tho Washii: ton County Treasurer. A Delegate to the St. Lonis Conventior Is Bhort $40,000, And His Reform Bondsmen Ar Not Happy. Bpectal Correspondence of The Tridune. MILWAUREE, July 37,—Oceasionally the peo- ple of Wisconsin get a practical application of the apirit of Reform that is now tha chief Ingre- dient In Democratic stump-speeches and edito- rials, and which Is always spelled with a capital R n order to moke It more emphatic. The ti- dal wave of “ Reform ™ that swept over our Btate In 1873, and which washied ashore and into the ofilce of Governor Willlam R. Taylor, proved to be a great disoster inatesd of & blessing, and that occurrenco ia too fresh in the. minds of the people to be of much advantage to the Tilden party this fall. Taylor proved to bo very pot- ty thicf, who sppropristed money from tho coa- tingent fund—ns the Legislative Investigating Comnmittee found—to his own uee, withont the shadow of legal authority; and the way he gob- bled stationery on the night before the expira- tlon of his tertn of office was a performance that made one think of robbing & hen-rocst at midnight. Taylor is the man who seat word to Chict-Justice Ryan to abbrevlate his oplnion In the railroad cases, probably the moat finportant Tegal decislon ever rendered In the State, we ac- count of the cust of printing ) ANOTHER DEMOCHATIO REFORMER “Doth the ox low that hath fodder’ is the inquiry of Holy Writ, and the query is practically etnphasized and answered by the asklug. An ox doesn't bhwl much if be has plenty to eat Lefore hinm, aud he s generally well satisfied If his manger fa well stocked with touthsome fodder, 4t I8 the ox that stands on the outside of the fenco hungry and uusatisded that mokes a noise when e sces some sleck-hafred fellow inside munch- Ing nubbins and having a good time. $o with these Democrats that have been kept for a long thne from the public crib, They howl very Joudly abont Reforin, Reform, Reivrm, and the 8t. Louls platform begins vach puragrraplt with the cry ot Reform. At the Tilden rotification meeting In this city last weck, each orater sereamed Reform ubitil his volee cracked Hie w tin horn. And, in this part of the State, we are just having another practical illustration of the sincerity und honesty of these Dem- ocratie Reformers. WASHINOTON COUNTY Jolns Milwaukee on the northwest, and forins a part of our Cougressfonal District. It some- thnes gets up the claiin of befog the bauner Democratic county in the State, and viten backs up that claim by’ mllluf) up 2,600 rqnjuru{ for thie Demoeratic ticket. During the Wur its foyal peoplie mohbed and drove out the Draft Com- imlssloner, and made such reslstance to the exes cution of the laws that a reghment of soldlers had to bo sent into the county to keep urder, and protect the Iives and property of Govern- ment oflicials, A large nunber of them tem- porarily located {n Cunnda for the purpose of escaping the draft, and uow, that they huve re- turned, it Is not surprising that they are all in favur of Reform. Tuelr County Treasurer for the last ten years has been Albert S8emler, who has peen discovered to be a defaulter for o fargo sumn, which is not yet definitely known, but will not fall short of $30,000, and {t muy réach £10,+ 000. Sem!erwas quite a popular man, and prided hlnself on being “a good fellow,’ as the tertn goes,~that s, hewoulu treat and eut oysters, and 1oot the billslikea Prince, especially when other Ecuplu furnished the money. He was not only County Treasurer, but Village Treasurer as welf, and the Treasurcr of a company of shar shooters, and of a company of "l'urners, and did busiuess us the npent of séveral ihsurancs com. panies, among them the Etne, Northwestern of Miliraukee, and the Germuntown, o Jucal company that probably suffers most. Ho was a rhirewd business fellow also, and when the Board of Bupervisors met to investigate his accounta and v count bis funds he shinued about umong his personal and political friends, borrowed nnuu§h to cover his deficlencics, had it countsd and declared all right, and then returned the same mouey the next day. And so in this way matters have run slong Ontll it 1s next to im. possible to tell in whot year and to what amount THE DEFICIT ACTUALLY TOOK PLACE, and this is the hole that his bondsinen hope ta crawl out of. Ous of his expedients to ralse the wind Is worth roiatiug: The Villago of ‘West Bend voted §25,000 Lo aid [n the coustruc. tion of the Northwestern Railroad, and, there being sume uneasiness on the %lrt of the bond- holders, Semler Yursundcsl the Village Board to 1ssuc $2,500 of village certificates to deposit oy colluternl to secure the payment of the futeresth and these certificates he sold, used the mone! himself, and when ho received taxes fn the full bought bonds and exchanged with the holders of certificates. ¥ BTEALING PROM THR CIOOL PUND, Mr, State-Treasurer Kueln will also want to sce Mr. Semler. It 18 said that the Stata Treasurcr allowed Semler to antfcipate the State schoul money belonging to Washivgton Couuty, and credited him with & certain amount. of it before It was apportioned, so that there i8 a deficiency In the county school fund ot obout $5,000, and although {t will eventually come out of the tu-fiu:um if mot out of the Btate Treasurcr, it will subject the teuchers ol tlie county to considerable” trouble and fucon- venience, Mr, Bemler took oceasion to pay certain teachers with his check on the bauk, where there was no moncy to his credit, befure he lit out, and several of this class of credltors are very anxious to scc bim, His gccount with the village 158 about $700 short, as far as s known. 1fe was nlso appolnted the purchasing agent for the county by the Board of Super: visors to buy supplics for the Sherlff, and stationary for the other county offlcers, and, while he was prompt ta draw ths moncy which had hflcnnppw{)flflled for that purposo the very next day after the resolution passed, he never purchased & cent's worth of supplies or station- ery. Liserookedness In the wmatter of insur- anice was quite un a par with bis other businces transactions, For {ustance, he would insure 8 man, a farmer, and tell him be would make out his llu{ aud keep it for kim in his safe, pocket mu ves, and that was the last of ft,— nelther the Insurance company vor the one sup- posed to bo fusured was ever beneflted by it A number of men who had trusted him in thls way for s scrics of years aro now apprised of the fact that they were not nsured at all, al- though they had paid Scinler the woucy regu- larlly for thielr {nsurance, A MODEL HEFORMER. Bemler waa not only “a good fellow,” as the phirase govs In the saloons, aud very active lu ull local” political gatberings, but le‘usplred to be Btate Treasurer, und such wua his popularity with the Democracy, and 88 the representative of the (erman element, that he stood o very 0ol chance of being nominated at the next 'éuuvenuun, If his crookeduess had not come to ight. He was a delegate to the 8t, Louts Con- vention, and, befng w model Roformer himself, of caurse he bawled himsolf hoarse for that other model Reformer, 8. J. Tilden, The last tme T saw Bemler, and’ I have had the pleasure of iy ersonad ml,un!nhnmlnr flftecn years, was (n his city at the Democrotic ratification meeting, but 1 did not think then that he was on his wuy to where the woodllno twineth, which may by in Caunde, or Callfornin, or n Germany, forail that Is known. ANOTHER OF TIIE 8AXN ORT, ‘Washington County, s I have sald, sometimes aspires to be called the bauner ‘Democratie county In the State, and while the majority is cuorally about 3,000, they can roll up 2,600 it they bestir thomselyes and get out thelr full vate. Of course such pure patriots are heartily slck of the corruptions that have grown up under Hepublican rule, and they all yearn for reform, Tilden, SBemler, and Heundricks! They’ have not only had Semier's houest and patrlotic conduct to contrast with the had men on the other side, but last year the Village Treasurer of West Bend turned out defaulter also for the sun of $3,800, His uame s Hildebrandt, and his name indicates that he, too, 18 a reformer, 1lke the popular, but now absent, Beimler. I sco that ono of your Geriau papers in Clileago prints un intcrview with Bewmler, snd states that hie has gone to Sacramento, Cal, to zct une Volinar, a former partuer of his, to help fin out, All Volmar could do would b to hide i, as bio s & poor man, and works on s sul- ory, %‘hem aro some_good, responsible men on his bond, but he has hald {he ullles uino yeurs, aad five bonds have been given. It 13 thought that the crovkedness cominenced far back, that his books have been made to appear all right when they were ull wrong, and that It wlil by next to Jmpossiblo to fix the actual dute of the stealing %0 18 to hold gny one sut of hls numerous bouda- men, Some nice legal polnta will urfse,—such, for instance, as whether one set of hundsmen will be released l:{ hils temporarily borrowing money to_bu counted by the Commiittes of the Board of Superyisors thut was appointed to ux- amine foto the uffulrs of his oflice, und the vext set held respousible, or whether the money counted g8 hls was actually his own ut the the, uo mutter how procured,