Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, July 4, 1876, Page 2

b F n = 2 morning the city will bo one spectacle of adorn- ment. AERSTY CITT. Jnusny Crry, N. J., July 8.—The Centennial annlversary wns mlcflmted to-night b{ an {m- posing torchllght processlon. Al mid- night” the Americnn nnf wns _ raiscd on o llverty o n Wulfln;itnn aquaro by Mayor Scidier, and waa saluted '13 firing thirty-cight euns, ' The *Btar Spangl DBaoner”, anid other m‘flouowngn WOro BUNg, the church and public bolls rung, and the steam- %hlnuun of rullmmll uflcpet:‘ l:“l fu?oa-lrt:w l;lrliz: here was o I hilicent ol and the dwelling nflhmuuhm&h“gduim very generally Numinnted. GRAND RATIDS, MICT, i Digpateh to Tne Tribume. GmAND 'i'fi?n.-, uly 8.—~The Fourth of July began In this c(try, pmtlu‘lf to<lay, Fore- augh’s clrcus 1 fliere, and wi { b i nmwm&r:?w. -Kally (,000 strangers have been In town lay, and {n‘hm pronp‘c‘.-m for good wenther to-mor- TOW are uxeellem? probably 25,000 peaple will be here. Tho city fa most claborately decked in honor of 0 Independence- Dny, snd all ' the Ubusiness. housca and’ most of tho resldenccs nbound In flugs, banners, streamers, patriotte mottoces, evergrecns, cto., cte. Cltirens have built o nmfi nificont C‘finl«nnln; éadl about ?vn“:l'ilmgh'r & mf ang e process! occul fin mnrnl:‘r,, whichi is cxpected to bo fally 5 miles . 'The city {8 crowded with visitors to-nlght who cuno tocclobrate. Excellent order provalls, aud no scrious erimes, robberics, or ac- idonts have occurred. FORT WATNE, Spectal Diepaich to The Tribune. Fonrr WAYNB, Ind., July 8.~The city to-night. 1a ablnzo with cxcitement. Nearly svery public buildlog, business huunehn;lnd private residencs fn Fort Wayne Is brilllantly flluninated and uandsvinely decorated with flags, banners, Chi« neso latorus, patriotic mottocs, cte, The strects aro thronged with Lmople. A loug torchlight procession, undor tho nuspices of the Germau_ socleties, 18 marching through the grlndpnl streets, Volleys of artillery aro being firsc, and all the bells n the dty nro botn rung, A heavy rain hos just begun to fally which has dampened the pstriotic ardor of cit- {zena; and bids feir to summnorily stop all denr onstrations, Centennial puctat Divpsich to T Tribuna. a o The DAVERPONT, ln.,'p.lullxly 8.~The Fourth of Jul, celohration begun hero to-night with a grau torchlight esfon, which traversed tho dif- {feront sbreots with roman candles, torches, and bands. - About 2,000 men were in line. Thero ‘wero also tableaux and an address at the Court~ 1louso Bquare, tho ccremonics clusing ot 13 o'clock to-nlghlb fifog of gruns, {llumination of tho clty, aud ringing of bells in the Bautiat, Presbytorlun, and ~ Cungregutional Churchcs, Ycaterday tesolutlons were read and sdoptod declaring It an Insult to the Christians of the city that no roligrious service Ied been arranged for fu the celobration. This hes causcd much bitterness, as the Germous rofuse to tako part 1£ thore bo prayer. DURLINGTON, Ia BuntiraTow, In., July 8,—Crowds of people are coming fnto the oity, and tho qupc-.-m are thiat n lorge gathering of peoplo wil bo here on the Fourth, and in al Hrolmbulty 1t will_exceed any pmllurfng over held fn tho Btate. The city is "beautifully decorated sud full of bands of music. Dgps Moixes, In, July 8—Tho busincas Tousca will all be closed hers to-morrow, and an Immense celobration §8 expected, owe's cu- * tiro circus will join the civle procession. DENVER. ‘Drxver, Col., July 8.—Denvor will celcbrate tho Fourth in grand style, : MBMPIHIS, Muowems, Tonn., July 8.—To-day was goner- ally given up'to preparations for tlio cclcbration to-morrow. n strect amd otber prominent streota present ngnfl sppeanince with n liberal disploy of bunting un bnnuapumdlnfiuhnutmew, playlng natlonal atrs. A natioual ealute was tired from the blaff this afternoon by ex-Fed- cral and ex-Confederate artilterymnen, “Thirteen guns will Lo fircd at miduightfoud all the bells tung. The Indications aro that tho celebration to-morrow will surpass any cver witnessed herey prnom, wrotl, Spectal Dispatch fo The ne. Detnorr, Mich., July 4.—At widnight the hirth of July Fourlh woa groeted hero 5 quite unusual demonstrations. One hnndres ns wero flred on Caunpus Martius, the bolls of the city were rung, City-Iall wns lllumlnnu:d, there was 4 great displny of firesworks, with bands of musle Yluylnfi. ‘The procession to-morrow wiil m'-u upendous aflalr, over 5 miles long, at LOCAL. TO-DAY’S PROGRAMME, WIERB TO GO. Below will bo found several announcements of celebrations and amusements in the city to- day. Tho meagrencss of the lst will easily con- vineo poople thut the enthusiasm over the birth- |duy of the natlon {8 vory diffuse, and lmits | ftsolf to desultory explosfous rather than organ- ¢ 1zod decoratlon. | 70 the Rep, Cler CIUNCI BERVICES, % There will :bo unfon scrvices appropriato to tho occasion this morning in each Jf the three divisions of the city. Thess will bo partidpat- ¢d In by the different churches.. On the North Bido these services will ovcur at Moody's Church, corner of Chicago avenuc and LaSailo street; on tho West slde at the Third Presby- torjan; and on the Bouth Sldoat Plymouth Chureh. All are Invited, Thero will be o service of Te Deum at tho Ca- thedrul of 88, Petor and Paul, cornor Wasliing- ton and Peorla strects, at 0 o'clock this mony ing, DBishop McLarcn wil] bo present, %knwnnlnl services will bo lield ot Park Ave- nue Church. Addresses by the Revs. 8. W, Duf- tield and George IL Pecke. ¥ ‘Thero will be a [:umlc mecting, in_gccordanca with the President’s proclamation of the 26th of Iast month, in the Mcthodist Eplacopul Church. Halsted and Twenticth streuts, this morning from 9 to 10 o'clocls, to which ull the Chirletian people from the West Sldo south of Twelfth street and from Brldl,'cgmrt are capeclally n- vited. Thoe Reys, ILil, Martin, Walker, Rogers, Youlker, und others ore expected to b present. \ TIE CATIOLICS AND TUE FOUNTIL + ‘Tho Catholle Bishop of this Diocess last week {ssucd tho following: and Lally of the Dlocesaof Chl- cago: Thuobecrvation of theanniversary of thuDecs laratlon of vur Natlonal Independence in this year s memornbloe aa tho first century of our oxistenca o4 freo and independont poopfe, Tn cummon with our fellow cuuntrymen, it Is right and proper that wo should rejolcoand be glad, and above, all, ren- dor to Lim from whom comes down every good and perfect ;fl!t our devont thankagiving for the innn. morabio bleraings which hnve been Lostowed on us, and in particotur for the priceless boou of clvil an religlous Hben{ Wo enjoy, ‘W requast tho fevoroned eloray o offor the moes o B8, Trinitale with the collect Pro gratiarinn uctiony cum Gloria et Crodo, on the Fourth of July, uud aftor mass tw chunt or ruclte tho T's Doum, ‘Tuomas Forxy, Blshop Adm(nistration of Chicago. B BECOND REQIMENT. Followlng s tho gencral ordor covering tho - Becond Regiment celebration: Tho clvic soclutics and military companies will rendczvoun vn Desplulnes_and the_intersecting streata in the vicinity of 8t. Patrick's Church, The procession wil move north on Desplaines to Lako; went on Lok W Holated; north on Halstod tu Ine diana; cast on Indluns to Btate; south on Btate to lako; caston Lake to Wabash nvenuo: south on ‘Wabash aveuno to Twellths west on ‘T'welfth to Cuntra nrenuo; countormarch on Twolfth to lial- sted; north ou Halsted to' Uarrlion: cnst on Harri- won to Desplatnes; north on Desplalnos to Monroe sizeet, and disperse, ‘Whon the order tomarch s given the first platoon ot sallu. tho communder’ of which will act as #nido upon tha routw, will form across Desplaiucs bl'll!l:l, |;mvlnu nosthwardas Jald down in the line of_ warch, T'ho wiiltary compaulon and clvic socictiva that havo slnified thels Intention to participate I the xmu.-u on are, to avold confusion, orgunized luto Ivlsluns, us follows: PILST DIVISION, ‘The Becond Neglment will act as an escort to the right of tho praccston, aud will fori on the cast sido of Deaplainea strect, vight resting on Masrlvon, uen facing weat, "Thg Clan-na-Qsel Guard will form on Desplaines street, nght rusting on llarrdson, wen fucing enst, Mhofirat pluteon of polico will furm on the fme » medlate rises of the military companies, ‘Tho Futlim Mathew 'Yotal” Abetineice Cadets will foru on the south slde of larridon_streot, cast of }lc-lplnluc:lnuoul. right resting ou Duph{nu. men achig north, ., The Father Mathow Tempernnce Boclety will form on the fmmediate left or tho Father lfl(huw “Temperance Cades, men facing the same w-{. ‘Fho 1{uly Fumliy ' Temporance Boclety will form on the north alde of Lisrrison street, edst of Dos yl.l&m. right rosting on Desplaines, men faclng sunth, Bt. PlusT, A, and i, Boclety will form on the worth side of Hserlaon strect, wost of Desplaiues, right n:lllnsnn Desplalues, men facing south, by Bacred Heart Yowl - Abstinence and Beriovo- leut Boclety will form on tho south eldo of 1L eon, weat of Dnlyl-lnel, men facing uorth. Bt Jawes Tutal Abatinence Soclety will form on the south side of Van Buren, west of Desplaines, Fight roating on Desplaines, men faclng north, Natlyity T, A and 1 Boclety will form on the north sidv of Van Buren, weetof Desplalnes, rHght feating on Dasplaines, mon fucing souil "The Ancleut Order of Hiberolans, Divisions Noa, + 2, 3, ond 4, will form o the south alde of Jack- won, west of Desplatnes, men faclng north. Divis- fuud Roa, 6, 7, 8, and U will furia o the north slde ot dncksun, west of Desplalues, right reoting on Desplaines, wen fucing south. BECOND DIVISION, The secoud division of Lho Huo will be formed by he various Pollsh welelive, cacorted Dy tho Poll) urrle THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: TUESDAY, JULY 4, 1876, CGuards, under command of Ma). A, I. Zarombs, A-ahmlhifln an-Major B. itiard and Ignation Windranaki and Capt, Niomczewskt, and wiil form an Wort Adntna street, with right resting on Des- plalnes, The procession atartaat 88, m, Iu the aftcrnoon ot 3 o'clock and in the even- fng ot 8 will be given two grand Centennial concerts under the directfon of 1laus Balatka. Following is the progrumme; APTRRNOON, 1. Mnele, 2, Neading of Declaration of Independence by Mr. Ilinea, of Cl||cn}:o. 3, Exhibition driil by Emerald Cadets. nalc, Oration by T. A. Moran, Music. ETENIRS Musle, fida{nucl. nalc. {ma‘-';- parade by Secord Regtment, fi;l!mex-lllnn drill by the Angell Quards. Singing of the Star Spangled Banner by the audfence. THE OERMANS, Tho Turners will at 7 o’clock this morning fire a salute of 100 guns; at 10 tln:‘y will tako up the Hug of tnureh trom Turner 1adl; at nrrmv:F ot Wright's Groye, the Declaration of Indepond- enco will de read §n German aud {n. English; ot 4, the Hon, Emil Rothe, editor of the Clucin- natl Volks Biait, will inake the speceh of theday; thero will thon bo sung o natlvnal Jubllce an- them, words by Emil Dlotzach, tho chorus to be sung by afl the Uermau societies of Chicago; tho day will close wlfl;‘gtnernl amnuscinent, bal- loon sscensions, musie, and flreworks in the uvenlog, THE MIGHLAND ABSOCIATION. ‘The mombors of the Hlighland Assoclation of Tilnols, and thelr frionds, will huld thelr an- nual baslkct plenic at Wolf Lake, Ind, Arrangce- ments hs}ve bcgn‘;nndunrfi the ucunll'lllm;hud games, also bonting, fishing, croquet, swings, and fl:’mfiug. Tmlgn will leave tho Lake Shoro & Miciigan Bouthern depot, corner of Van Burou and La Salle structs, at 8:45 8. m. return- ing at 7. p. o1, HISCELLANT:0US, Tho steamer Peerlees will mako thres Lake excursions, Jeaving ber dock on Market street, botween Madlson and Randolph streots, as fol- lowa: 8:30 0. ., ruturniug ot 12:00 m.j 2:30 P m., coturning at 6:00 p. m., for moonlight cxcursion, Dean’s brass baud will bo in ut- tendance, Tho Post Office and postal stations will close ot 0 o'clock A, m. for the dny. Tho afternoon aud ovening malls will close at ¥ a, m, No delivery by currfers will bo mude. Oftice aud statfons will bo open for tue delivery of letters between the Lowrs of 7:30 and U a. ni. Ouly one collcetion from the strect letler-boxes will be wmade n tlic wmorning. Business oflice, cashier, money-order, and reglstry departmcuts will b cloged for the entiro doy, Tho follfwing gentlemen of this city haye accepted {nvitatlons to act as oratorsat the places named: Leonard Swett, nt Bl uumlugwu, 1.5 Hornce White, at Beloit, Wis.; E. A, Btorrs, at Freeport, INL; Andrew Shuman, at Lena, 115 Hiram Barber, nt Woukegan, fll.; Rubert Collyer, nt LaCrosse, Wis.; tho Rev, William A. Bartlett, at_Aurors, IL; R. . For- restor, ot Evauston, IiL; F. W. Palmer, ot Warren, INl.; E. B. Sherinam, at Galong, Tl Mark M, Pomeroy, at Urbau, 'Ill.', Gen, 8tiles, at Morrison, 11,5 Col. Juessen, at Jolict, 1113 J. V. Le nfn_y'ne 8t Wheellng, Cook County, IIL; Junies ladd'y, at Macomb, Iil. 3 Citlzens of Chieugo will not forget the Good- rich Transportatlon. Compuvy’s cxcursions to Evanston, ne, Muskegon, Milwaukee, St. Joseph, and Mlc‘ngnn City today., That to Evauston will be speclally enjoyable, The ateamncers Chicago, Bicboygan, and Muskegon will muke hourly trips, day utl evening, theilrst boat louving thu foot of "Michigan avenue at 8 o'clock this morning. Dunciug on the boat and dancing und o celebrption ut Evunston forin the features of the excarsion. HISTORICAL. CIVIN RESISTANCE. TIE TRINCIFLY. DEFINED, ‘Tho Provinctal Congress held at Philadelphia In 1765, declared it to bo **The {nherent birth. right and {ndubltable privilege of overy British subjeet to o taxed only by lis own cunsent, or that of Nis legal representatives tn conjunction with his majesty or his substitute.” ‘This was In response to a formal declarntion by Patlament {n 1704 that {t had tho right to imposo taxation upon the North American Colonies without tho assent of .the people. In 1767, the Stamp nct, passed In 1765, was sub- stantfally reaflirmed; but during these and several subsequent years, the colonists had no Intentfon of scparating themnselves from the mothercountry. They preferred to charge thelr misfortunes upon Parllament, aud, with o warm personal loyalty to the King, cudeavored tobolleve that, Innsmuch as ho and the Parlie- ment were at loggerheads in general, his Majesty bind no share In the transactions against which thoy protested. Junius wrote to Georgoe IIL In in1700: “They were rcady cnough ‘to dls. tinguish botween you and your Ministers, They complained of an ict of the Legislnture, but traced tho origin of 1t no higher than to the servante of the Crawn, They pleased them- selves with the hope that thelr soverclzn, If not favorable to thelr cuuse, wns, at least, impar- ia), The declsive part you took agninst thein lios effcctunlly banlshed that first distinct fon from thelr minds.,” But Junius mafutained afterwords the constitutional right of the Pus Jiament to cnoct the legisintion which he thus censurcd. The King, howover, was fn fact o fanatienl opponent of tho Colonial spirit from the outset, ond was intoleraut of any sympathy with tho Amerlcan causey, nnd the certain road to his royal favor was Ly oncournging thia unrcason- ableness. The English blographer of Gen. Bur- yno eays: “In his contetnptuons disregurd of ho just und moderate demands of his Amerl- can_subjects, Georgo the Third unconsclously made L{mself tho champlou, not of the royal F}\vor und prerogative, but of the privileges of arliament, which in_other matters ho would glndly havo curtailed, Having once, howover, nssumed such an attitude, ho matntained it with charucteristic obativancy ond courage, Every romonstrance, every complaint on thopartof tho Coloutes,tended tuombitter his feelings,whils the cxpresston of sympathy towsrds them on tho pust of Englishinen produced in him o corro- sponding sccession of soverity and resentment.” 2 SMALLENR IRHITATIONS, no less exusperating thon the declaration of tho right of Great Brituin to tax the Colonles with- out glving thom Parliamentury represontation, hnd been supplied by Miulstries from tine to tino. The chiof of thess rulated to the fnfant cominereo and manufacturcs, Englund visited upon America the samo fatal policy by which slio had reduced the fourishing industriés of hor yroxhuate flef,—Iroland,~and, in scveral ro- n!m:t tho suing tyrunnfcal restrictious wero visi! upon_both. " Direct trado botweon the Colontes snd Irclaud was oxpressly ‘m.mmwu. All exchiangos were carried by law in English bottoms, and toll wus collucted In Knglish ports, As the Irish linen aud woolen manufuo- urcs were stified for tho benetlt of English rivals, 8o the Americans wers forbidden to oxport plgdron, or to ake steel or Lar iron for home usc, Parllament to another wis prohibited. and the hatters wore restricted to two sppren- ticea each, loat thoy should furnish “ul!r tho world with hota."* The Golonists in the Caro- 1inas were forbidden to cut down pius trees, 1o muko ataves, or turpeniino, or tar, Kulnous dutles wers lold upon every product of tho Col- oulos upon which English’ profit could thus bo e, and the entlre ipdustry and commerco of the Colonies was awarded ot i' swhat meuaurs of 1ifo would scrve to onlurge the fucomeof the Ynglish shop-kespers. Oppressive dutiss cro- an spergetio l{ltem of simuggling, - Not ono chost of téa in flye hundrod wus regularly delivered at tho customs offlcers’, John Hane cocle himsvlt was suod for $500,000, which tho King clafmed he hud miade n **crouked tea. TUB INDIGNATION OF THE COLONINTE E.m]uully crystallized futo a spirit.of rebollfon, he ten yours botween 1705 and 1775 wero do- voted to protest, expostulation, and wurning, on thelr part, and fnsult and deflunce Ly the Yarllament ond King, The latter wrote tu Lord North, “Lyery meuns of dlsmmhg Awerics wmust meet wWith my concurrence.’ Patrick Honry bud made his” fmwertal speech fn thy Virginla Houss of Durgusses, Popu- l"rg feoling had becoiny so th‘:;ro oughly impregnated with sodition that tradu with Englund had dwindled into Insfgniii- cance, ‘The wumen used driod ruapherry leaves fustend of tea, wnd thechildron on the” streets chlrped sbout Nberty yud shouted doggerel bul- lads nguinst the Stamp uct. The determing- tlon to bring political prisouers to England for trial provoked angey leglalative action, und af- ter the Governor liwd “dissolved tho Virginia Houso of Burgessea for disreapect to the ing, that body met In a private residence, clected o Moderator, and entered upon seditious proceed- tngza tn which Col, Qeors Washington took o h-;nlln;fi lmrL The Muassuchusetts Leglslaturo refused to sit while soldiers surronnded the State-louso, i 1770 the people of Boston | sulled tho soldicrs, and, tu the allray which ¢ sued, four persons were kllled, “Phe’ bells were rung, tho populace rushed to the enconnter, and the military wero obliged to flee for safety. f(n Rhodo Island a British schooner which hiad been stationed tlicro to enforce the teado ncts, 77 waa destroyed fn 17 In the et tmwnn " took place at oston, In 17¢4, Parllament closed thoport of Bostons nud the merchants of Salem aud Marblohea offered the use of their wharves to the Boston merchants, and the punFlc of Georgin scnt up money and rice, 8cpt. b, 1774, TR FINAT CONTINENTAL CONORRAS asgembled at Philadelphin, and every Colonybut Ueorgla was ropresonted, It was' votod that obiedience was not dus to the nets of Parlio- ment, and that Massachusctits should bo sus- talned. The Congress roquested Qen, Uago to desist from mlllm;y operations lost * trrocon- cilalile difTerencea ¥ should arige. It resolved to cuconrage ngriculture, art, aud manufactures, and to matutain a Congressional union until the repeal of the oppressive Inwa, Party lines wore now clearly drawn, Military companies were everywhero formed, and the peacetul alr of the flelda resounded to the piping of the fife and the tap of the drum, DISPARITY OP TIR ANTAGONISTS. Bo uncqual a match was never witneseed fn the world boforo or since. It waa the challenge of the p)gmy to tho glant. Tho Colonics were a mere Inchonto 1mass, without mititary discipline, nrmnment, or leadership. There were man cabule, which kopt the leaders In quarrcle with each other, and seandalized and demornl- ized the people. Tho opponents of the war, the Torles, were numumus! stubborn, usually richer than the patriots, and influential, Wars with tho Indians had produced no soldiers of Ev.'ninu. and their gole eifect had heen to lucrease ho genoral poverty. There was no clear ldea on the very eve of tho Revolution of tho great Fedcral Unton, In which each Colony shiould net on equal terms with the others, the Unfon {t- sclf representing their united strength for the protection of tho whole, On thacontrary, some of tho hutiest patriots desired that instead of o single united nation, each Colony should scrupnlously mafntain itself {ndependént of all thoreat. In addition to thesc political dis- sonslons, tho patriots themsclves wero by no meang of ono mind {n regurd to the conduct and the chances of tho war. Many of them forcsaw nothing but ultlmate” de- feat, and ro-cnslavement to the Parlfamcnt, oud preferred death Jn resistance to lifu under arcnewal of the tyranny from which they conld temporarily oscape. Others, while Yrulcsllng forvently agninet tho tinconstitutional assunip- tlons of Partiatent and the King, wers detorred by domestls and ceonomicnl considerntiona from t'ncounlghfi the prodpitation of u strugpslo which would leave to thely familics ouly a legacy of grict and want, while It robbed them, per hapa {n vain, of thelr natural protectors. The colonful finances woro in a stato of bankruptey, The navigution Jaws had crippled the young commeree, and the taxes hud smotheréd the tnost profitable manufacturcs. Where was tho money to come frow to sendabroad for artillory, arms, ammunition, and appliances 1 But before any of these questions could bo answered, tho war wag suddenly begun, ——— MILITARY OPERATIONS. 1775, Y April 10. Lexington aud Concord. On the 23 tho news reached New York, On the 25th the Rhiodo Island Assembly voted 1,600 men, and the next day Counecticut ordered 6,000 to the feld, v JAay 10, Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold, with 300 incn, captured Fort Ticonderogs. On the 12th, Crown Polut was taken, nod on tle 16th Arnold eatered 8t. Johns. . May 2. Howe, Clintun, and Burgoyno or- rived at New York. . June 17, Bunker Il July 8, Washington takes command bofore Boston. Powder beeame g0 scarco that the Masenchusetts Asscnbly forbade fts use In sporting, Aept. 13, Arnold scts out for Canada. Septe 24 Ethan Allen crosses into Canads, and on the 26th waa captured In Montreal, 0ct.8. A plan for w uavy Is dlscussed In the Contiuental” Congress, und tendays lnter au- thority was glven for two armed vesacls, Nov, 1. Tho Iessinua set eail from Retzebutiol —All Balnts’ Duy. *Towards the end of '75 Gcar{lu 111, had Geen Juduced to entor into no- gotlalions with the Ewmpresa Cathierine of Rus- i for 20,000 of her troups to be employed with tho Engllsh forces in Ameriea. 80 deairous was he of bringlog this force Into the feld that he Ieft It to Iler Mafesty tofix her own terins. Cathicrine, however, {ndlgnantly resented the proposal 8 one which would pluco heron a ley- ¢lwith the petty German Princess who traded in the lives of thelr subjects; and ler rofusal was evidently couched In'terms jnore emphatic than polite, for on the 8d of November the King writes to Lord North: % Tho lettcr of thio Empress Is a clear refusal, and not in 8o genteel o manner us Lehould have thought might lave ed of her. Bha los not had the civlitty to Dbeen cxpeet- onswer e fn ler own hand, and hos thrown out some expressions that may bo clvil to o Russian car, but certainly not to inore civilized oncs.” Horaee Walpolo wukes great fun out of the poor King's correspondenve with “Bister Kitty," —DeFonblanguc's Lifeof Burgoyno(recently s sucd), Tho clief traflickers fu Ilesslaus were the Laudgrave of Hesse, who furnlshed 12,000 men, and the Duks of !!munwkk}'\vhu supplied 5,000, ulmost depopulating his little domaln of soldiers, The truding poteutates rocelved 80 crowns o man, sud o yu:u’l{ sum cquivalent to obout 100crownswinan. TheKing ot Prussiawns indignant that the price should be so high, for during the ssven ycars” war ho had bought a reglinent of roons from the Elector of Lcsso for forty lurge blue und white Jurs, Nov, 10. Massuchusutts suthorized tho fitting out of privateers. Arnold is befors Quebcee wif T00 troups. n Burr was one of Iis men. Do, 81, Montgomory, who kad been »_com- panjon of Wolfo sixtecn years before, had Iald slego to Quobee, asslsted by Arnold, “They had about 1,000 wen At for duly, After thres weeks of Ineredible rigor ond ° fearful toll, Mont- omery resolved upon storming the Prescott iate, ~ It was 3 0. m. Tho men recognized each other by scrups of white puper, 1n thelr hats, fo- serlbed” Y Liberty or Deats,?’ Thelr guns be- cume useless fu the snow, Montgomory, boldly leading, fell mortally wounded, Ariold was wounded also, and burne to the rear, and the rematuder uof {ho fores rematned tw biockudd tho city until the followlug epriug. —— 1776, Jan.1. Tho Brittsh burn Norfolk, AMarch 8. Washington bombards Doston at Qusk. * Tho rebels have doue more work In oo night than wy whole asmy would hayve done in o month," sald Iluwe. Aarch 17, Boston evacunted by tho British, ‘Thoy bind been nearly o year fn posscaston. They had made kindling-wood of thoOld North Mcet~ ing Housy, and turned the Old Bouth futo o rding-school, One of 1lis Majesty's ofileers und gentlemon tovk & carved pew with silic hangings out of the latter and made o pig-aty otit, AMurch 18. Washington orders five regiments to New York. Murch 23. Congress declares British vesscls lawful prizes, April 18, Weshington reaches New York, April 18, British” war ehips aochor off Now- rt, and on the 26th Washingziou probibited tn- ereuurso with thein. s May 8, 'The Gederals Howo and Qage are nu- thorized to offer pardons to rubels who lu|y down thelr anns and roturn to Iis Majesty's aflcetions, and the DBritish Govornment fore warded abundant means for the corruption of srmy ofticers and tho purchase of patrivts, 1t was soon discovered that Uritish gold could not buy honor n Amorica as 1t had bought blood in Brunswick and Hesse, Afay 17, James Mugford eapturcs tho $Ifupe™ of tho Britlsh, and on thu 1th was mortally wounded at NuGtusket, Juned, Gen. Bulllyy assumed command in Cunada, and on the 20tk Gutes set out for tho sume fleld of operations. Juna 28. The Britishtako position off Charles. ton and open fivo on Fort Moultric, The bally sauk barinless fnto thy Palinetto wood, und Moultric’s (imm sweep the Dritlsh decka. ball struck the fiag-stall fu the fort, aud thotat- tered banner fell over tho works, Sorgt. Jusper leaped nfter it, aud in nmoment It waa tiylng sgain from a spunge staff. ' Qov. Rutledgs of- {ercd Jaaper o commission. I am not tle for tho company of ofticers,” hesald, I am content to be u Sergeant.” Ub, for a littls of Jasper's spirit in 15781 July B. 'The Britlsh land on Btaton Islond, The *rebels® weroso much enguged durig July {n declaring themnselves free an uldvpmuh ent that no mili wovewents of Importance oceurred. Auy, 3, When the delegates gathered sround the tublo to aflix thelr -)gl’mzuru oflleiully to the Declaration of Independence, Joln Huocock wrote his name largo enough * for John &ull to reud without spectacles, aud naw he may doubile Lis reward of five Lundred {muuduarmy licad," aud, turuing to the delegutes, ho sald, **Uentle- uiey, It juust bo unanimous; wo taust all hang togother,” ¥ Yes," unswered Den Branklin, *or we shall nll hang scparately,” ‘The Declap- utlon was reaid ut the head of the army, thou in Now York, Wushington ulvln;f the order. It fu- fused o new spirit intu the already langndshing duldiers, aud the peoeral enthustasm found llll' Prupriate veot upun the statue of George 11 which wus dashed from ts pedestal and welted futv 49,000 bulicts, S Aug, 16, The Hesstana arrive In Staton Isl- and, 1 Aug. 20, Bullivan takea command on Long aland, y Aug. 32, Tho Britlsh forces converze toward this point, and o battle grows Inevitable. Aug. 24, Washlngton crosses frumn New York to Drookiyn. Aug, 23, The Icasinna and Howe join forces, Ay Clinton approaches. Au, Battle of Long Istand. Tho Amori- cans were caught between the Hessfans and the Dritish, and mercilessly bayoneted. Wash- ngton saw the fight from'a Will, and wrung his hands in agony, The British fnan, and the Ainericans 1,000, and 1,000 mora were taken prisonors, Aug. 20, Washington saved Nis entiro army from capture and the new-born natlon fromn destroction by his mastorly rotroat from Lon Islaud, A catastropho was !mpcmllmi at this tline of which Washington kuow nothing, and wwhich has ‘been fully revealed only by recont historical Investigation, Charles Lee, an Ene &lish officer who had held a Britlsh commission on the Contlnent, and secn servico with Bur fioynu Iu Portugal, wns an Atncriean Major- cneral, and in _commoud of o divislon ot ‘Lon Taland, In When Durgoyne camo over he wrote to Lord Rochfort, Sce- rotary of Btate for tho Colonivs, =a long lottor |n which ho stated Incldentally that “thero was hardly oleading man amung the rebols, in councll or in the fleld, but at nz)mlmr time and b Vm{’" management, might have been lmuf:h "' e did not despalr of making this poenliardy Britlsh mothod of war clfoctive oven then. élmrlcfll.cu vponed vorrespundenta with him, and during its progress Burgoynoe de- 1iberately planned the purchase of Lee nud the capture, by hla agency, of Washington's army. Ice was overestinnted by Washington, who ‘had ungualified contldonce fu his {nterrity, and o high adiniration of his strategic skill. Tho intercourso between lilin and Burgoyno was summarily stopped by order uf Congress, and the plan of the chivalrous Britleh cuommunder thus doranged. When the retroat was ordored from Longs: Isiand, Lee myateriously Mngored. Mcseago after message falled to hasten h(u‘puuu and, justaahohnd finlsheda letter to Gutes, © full of complaint aud trenson,” ho was eaptured in his tent, nearly at widdey, by a detachment of Burgoyne's horse. He begzed for his lfe, and was barne, In slippers aud Lianket, barehoaded, to tho Ilcesiang’ cump, A note to Burgoyne's #Political and Military Eplsodes,” says, * 8o at 4 vatue did tho Ameriean Congress at this imgo attach to the services of Gen. Lee, that they offered to pive six Enghsh ficld oflcers, rlaonors of war fn thelr s, In exchnngo for b, Gen, owe refuscd to cutertain this pro- 3al, on the Fm""d thfl Leo was o deserter mm the King's urmy—a pretenslon which wonld huve applied with _equul forcs to Washiigton hlinsolt, and whichIlowo was shortly nfterwards compull'cd, under u threat of roprisaly, to with- draw, Lee was oxchanged Jn 177 ,mu( in 178 was_court-tnartinded for_insubordination and disobedienco, and died in Vicginin in 1783, Itls now known that while In British custody he of- fered to Leteay the putriot causo, and % ¥r, Lee's Plan,” tn bisownhandwriting, officially Indorsed by lfowu'u secretary, 18 among the revolutlon- ary papers open for consultatfon to students in Eigland, Loc anticipated Arnold in everything oxeopt tho reaults, Sept. 23, Capt, Nathan Hale undertook to visit tho English catnp and discovor thelr plans, e succeeded, and on his return was recog- nized by o Tory relative. Ilc wns exceuted the next morning 08 8 51‘7, and undountedly bade his enemles and friends farowell with tho dylng ngsurauce, I regrot that I have but vne 1lfe to glve to my country,” Oct, 4. Carleton begins an advanco toward Arnold, and they fight at Intervals on the 11th and 18th, Oct. 28. Slight engogements at Whito Plafus. November, The entlrs month wus consumed in retreats and folnts, tho patriot army belng ox- hausted by fatigue, hunger, cold, and ueglect. At the end of the month, Leo having been” eap- tured lfix’mmlnluuuly. Bulltyan brougut his arny safl; headquarters. The rotreat contluued for cf ;g: teeu days, the encruy preaalu%m clusely that Cornwallls’ sdvanco’ entercd Newnrk us Wnahlcx‘ufgt.an was leaving. The British woro stopped ot ‘I'renton on Dee, 8, Washington after crossing tho Delaware, haviug removed overy Loat for 70 mitea nlong tho stream. Diee, 13, Tlowo goes Into winter quariers, Doc, 20, Cougrruas reasscmbles in Baltimare, Drec, 23, Washington gives the watchword, # Victory or Deathi | ut this time, o Brit- fsh Qeneral, Grant, wrote that the war was over; ¢ Wna\:lnztun s men have ncithor shoes nor stockings, nor blankets; they are alinost naked, and are dying of ¢uld and want of food.” On Christmus n.fh Lo reerossed the fee-illed river, In such Dbitter cold that two men weore frozen dead in tho boats. Tho troops reached the opposite bank In the Fmfi dawn, and then marched 9 miles towards the Britlsh camp, Bul itvan’s men's arins wera 8o wet that most of them had only bayoneta o uso. Washington and Bullivan began the attack on Trenton sim- ultancously, ond In an hour won ono of the * most glorlous victories ol the war out of _the ver Inws ‘When the of hunger, nakedness, and dbspalr. news wus carried to dongms,t @ prosiding of< ficer, choked with tears of joy, was unable to aunounce It, and the sfmpls dispatel of Wash- ington was read by the Sccretary. Congress hiad long dolayed to (Slvu Washington the moral and material ald of which hy was so desperately inneced. Tlo hod writlen letter aftor letter, bcggl::fimrmmmytu nythotmu{u,—butln vain, He had appealéd for authority to creato ro- sources esscnttal to the very lifo of the army, but Congress was dlscournged, Indifferent, or fmbecile, Now, ho was absolute In authority for six months, with power to scizo supplics, ur- vest tha turbulent, Ul vacancles, and rulso troops. A Qualter of Philmlcluhils lent Robert :gfir&fi for Washington, without security, 3 — 17717, Jan. 2. Washington rotreats from Trenton to Princetoy, where ho found nn army of 5,000 men, chlely mechanics, business mon, nnd farmors; .and Cornwallls was soon upon hiwm. ‘The inexporfenco of the Amerlean soldlers gavo the British tho first advantuge; but Washing- ton's prowess rallied the wavering clvilians, and tho British wero compelled to retreat, and ‘Washlugton to tako another position. A num- ber of smaller successes followed which greutly inspirited the patriots, and wero Influcatinl in hastening forelgn recognition, of which, up to this time, tho Culonies liad abtaiued very little, ZFehruary, There were o sigulficant military movements on efther side, The Dritish were trylng to keep warm in winter quartors and -~ to hur up men whom the could ot lJ;M; and Washington's sol- diers were dylug in o lelsurcly way ot &rll)vatloum Congreas nuthorized o loan of $18,- 000 (with no takers), aud vuted Washington und the nrny unlimited . quontitics of adiniras tion and good will. But nuthing else, Murch,” Nothilng of Importance vecurred, ox- cept that Congruss returned to Philudelphia. P 20. Luafuyotte suiled for Amerfen. o fitted o vesscl at'his own expense, und, having reached Charlegton, lastened to i’hllmlulphin, where ho offered Limsclt to Washinglonss a volunteer without pay. . Mrfl/. No niiitary iuovements of finportanco, ‘The Britlah eudeavored to il the gaps u thelr ranks with now invoices of Hesstans, Tho Ger- man potentutes had to drive thoe troops on ship- boand at thoe polnt of the bayonet, and ouly u small number waa obtained cven lu this way, Juns. The summer campaigus wers begun by Burgoyne's onlistiug the I[ndians, to whom ho ¢ a turgld and ridiculous address, nutable only by ita puclir-yllnblu and seutentiouancss, Dunfiu ne needed 1moro words for one jdes thun A. 11, Btephens. Then he fssued a laughably roclamntion to the rebels wurning then that Eu 1wuight not bo able to control tho savages, and they hud better look outj but lie teok s whole featio of Titn THIAUNS to uu{sthla much, July L._Burgoyne and hls gentle allics ap- peared beforo Fort Ticonderogs. Bt Clair, Who held it, saw that defense would bo uscless, and during the uight cscaped by land o watur, taklng everyting sud overybody along, Burgoyne started s pursuing party ot daylight, who put the fugitives to sume fuconvenicnee. ‘Tho putriots had become so concelted uver vie- torfes without ammunition, stores, or discl- line, that they wers indigoant sbout theloss of ¥'¢m ’Hwndc(oEn. Johu Adams sald, *Wo shall never bo able to defend a fort untll wo shoot & Ueneral,” At the sume tlme, the Brite ish ofticers and troups recelved, in addition to the good thiugsof lifc,abundance of exhortation sud advice frum Englad. The Liverpool mer- chants had Just begun to cnjoy wur contravts, The Established Tulplu resounded with appeals to smlito the rebels, und the bouch of Blshops in the House uf Lords was so violent as to luy it~ aclf open to the suspiclon that fis fobed und conscerated mombers believed in no church ex- wgt. the militant—or, rather, the military, peaking of ‘Ticonderoga, Burgoyne “says In ona of his letters, * Ticonderown 3 Only what I once heard Montewln hud expressed 1t to bo, funo porte pour un honvete humme de se des- hongver,'" When Georgo 111, beard thot ‘i~ conderoga had beon taken, he wus quite over- como Wwith joyousnous, und rushed to the Queen exclaiming, “I nave beat them I lave ULeat all the Amerk cans!” Then his graclous Majesty offered Bur- goyuon_fted Ribbon which happcued to be va- cunt,—although the game Royal personago hud refired to give Burgoyse an” awilfencs u few months before when b uver to Lopgland to explain why *‘Clo rebelfon ¥ had vot “been put dowa in three moutbs,"—and Burgoyue do- clncd—very politely und polysyllabieslly—tho =S Rea Ribbon. It waa Juat as well,” The day was to como whent n Tted” Ribbon would not avail Wm. Dutlet us remark, cn possant, that any man_who required such a beggage-train of worils for a Jittle skirmlati_of fdoud could not bo oxpected to be n{;nml fighter. Ong of the I»lomllthlrnty pocta of the time had lhu‘ audacity thua to characterizo ono of Burgoyne's procla- wationst 1 wili Jot looro the dogn of hell Ton thousand Indians who sbail yolf, And foam, and tear, and grim, snd roar, And drench their moccasing ln{nm— To them 1'11 give full acope nnd play 1'rom Ticondarog’ to Florlda, 1t aftor all thero lovoly warnings, My wishen and my bowgla' yearnings, You should romain ns denf 8 ndder, Or grow with hostilo roge the maddor, 1swaar by Bt. Georgo ainl Bt. Panl, 1 will gxterminato you sll 3 Bubacribed with tny mannal !l‘m, ; To teat those prescits, John Hrugoyne, July 27, 'Cho parodists, the Dishope, tho con- tractors, and, pnm\lblx, the King, woro sllent when two of imrp(u{nu '8 Indians murdered Miss McCrea, the daughier of o clergyman, and the betrothed wifo of on English oflicor ‘who had comnmissioned the munlerers, with the promise of nlarge reward, to bring hor safely into the Lnglish ines. A dispute arose between thom 08 to the monay, within o short distance of thelr destination, anione of them solved the problem by burying bLis tomshawk fu the poor girl's i ted that Aug, 0. On Juno 17 Congress had voted tha “th:g flag of the thirtcen United Htates on thirtcon stripes glternato red and white, and the unl on thirteon white sturs fn the blue fleld.” When tlio British as- saulted Fort Behwyler, the rebels could not on affurd s regulntion flag, and one was Improvised | by an Ingoiilous contribution of white shirits,— “In ribbons,"—bits of red flannel, und a bluo clonk, Under tho proud atandord thus devised, Willett, in comand of the fort, having made o rally, p‘wccd the ancmy’s kettles, prisouers, and five British standarda. Ang. 16, Bennington. Molly Stark did not becoto o widow, On the contrary, Burzoynoe was widowed of 700 men. The remninder of the month was sxpended in proparatory movements b{ buth aldes, which resulted in tho encounter o Sumlofi: A September, For two wecks Bu c's army and the force under Gates lay within cannon shot of euch other. ~Uates Was 8o husy lu- teiguing syeatust Washington, In order to pro- cure his own oppointment ns Commander-in- Chlef, that he vould find no time to prepare maneuvers, or to stop tho quarrcls among; his subalterns, _ Craduuily, the sltuation hecame harassiug, Nefther oflicers nor men, on ither side, slopt except with tholr clothes un, Gates wns a god-son of Sir Horuce Walpols, und hud Dbeen o British ofilecr. His detestable’ chinracter in clearly exhiblited {n the now e of Alexumder Jlumliton by Joln T, Morse, Jr., recently pib- 1lshied, Like Lee, he was mitch more nuxious to bu cunsplictious than to save thocountry. Arnold urged Gates to attack Durgoyne before rein- forcements fromn Clinton could reach the Intter. But Untes paid no heed to such adylee, and luck wus i his }uvon Burgoyne was not reinforeed, and every dny Incrcased the chances that Le would Linve to glve up. Hept 11, Brandywino. Sept. 20, The Dritish capturc Philadolphias, and Congress retires to Lancastor, » Oct, 4. Germuntown, Oct, 7. Baratoga. Thoe armios fell upon each other in & desul Lmfi' way, but it seon beeamne apparent that the British wero doomed. Bur- goyne attempted o rotreat, Altor ten duys’ in- cessunt moveinont, the British proposed .capltu- Intion, TheAmerdcansmarched {nto Burgoyn's catnp to the tune of * Yankes Doodls.” " The surrender Includod nearly 7,000 mon, forty-two cannon, 4,600 muskets, and o large quantity of ammunition aud stores. For sixtoon days and nights, Burgoyno had taken no rest. I liave been with my army within the jaws of faminc; shot through my hat and walsteoat, he wrote his nicces. ~“ Consclous that I huve douo all that o man could do for tho publle, . . o nin casy as to roputation.” * But he never recov. ered from the blow, and satled for England on purole 88 s0on a8 terms were arranged, This victory was sorvly nceded to roylve the spirits of tho pecople, for. thoe swntacr and fall cam- Ba]gnn in overy other part of tho country ad cen disastrous faflurcs. November. Howo wns stendily [zpmnchlng Washington's battered veterans with the certain expectation of p{etl}n oven for Burgoyno. Dec. 4, Howo u(tlnllndelimln 10 drivo the Federal army over-the Blus Mountalns,” but he found Wnshington intrenched at Wh]mmnrnh, walting for Ilm, He stayed threo days, looking around, and then retreated with such unnoves- sary and fuexcusablo hasto that uufihlu&zi less than Amcriean light-horse could obtain o glimpse of his flying cloud of dust, Lydiu Dar- rah did {t. I{owoe put up in her housoe. 8lic heard the whispers of the futendod attack, and she walked G miles over frozen snow to carry tho news to Washlugton, Howe discovered that his Intended vietim was nmply propared, Dec, 11. Wushington's arniy got out for Val- ley Forgo. Let wmien who place an indifferent vitluo on their country read how tho arcliwas made; how the winter was dragged through s Tiow patriot souls tarried with gaunt, starvdd Darllus for the sake of liberty; and then go uud hitrrah for the Fourth of July, 1778, January. No military movementa, Congress, tho people, and the army wers demoralizod. Wasliington, ITamilton, and a few other brave aplrits retained thelr equantinity, and Washing- tou was kept busy dismissiniz oflicera for cause, and answerlng tho complaints of Provinelal Legislatures and office-holders who criticised his course In gotug Into winter quarters Instend of leading naked men agninat tho eolid fortifien- tlons of Philadelphin. Feb. 5. Baron Bteuben mrrived ot Valley Forgge, ond gave much comfort to Washington, who was in soro need of it Feb, 6. Frauco acknowledged tho indcpend- cneoof Ameriea. Feb. 14. A committce, designated for the pur pose, found sctual starvation among the sol- diers at Valloy Forge, und sent Congress and tho country a vulentino to that effect. AMarch. Notling cxeopt whistliug down the wind to keep the spirita up. 4, Nothlog, JMay, Nows of tho friendly actlon of France having reaclicd the nrmy, there was a grim cele- bratlon at Valley Forge, Iofore the expiration of the month proparations for o reuowal of hos- tilities wero begun., Juue, Tho Dritish Cominlssioucrs arrived at Philwdelphia, ostensibly to mnke torms of hun- orable pescc. Thoy woro undor the fnpres- slon that thoy cuuld buy any arrmngumonts thoy pleascd, " Congress nforined thom that peaco without Indepundenco was finpossible, ammedintely after the news urrived that Franco had acknowledged Amerlcan fudependonce, llowe resignod, und, a5 n lust offuri Lo distin- gulsh hinself, ho determined to chinstise Qon, Lafuyotte_whio, with a smull detachinent, was posted ut Barren Hills, neor Vull%la'orgu, thy vtter to wateh ITowe’s dolngs fu Phlladoiphis. Latayetto saved himsclf by strutegy, and Howe wus suceesded by Clinton, Whose urdors wero to abandon Philadclpbia and concontratethe troops upon Noew York, ~ Tho Peacs Commisalonors ant not nd their task mude ouslor by this step, sud went home to urgo thut no quarter boshown the rebels, Wushington pursited the retreating urmy ucross Now Jcr::{, ond the ucgligence ur perildy of Leo producod almust u disuster, Jua 28, Monwouth—>Mary Pitchicr—* Captaln fotly. l‘.‘}-j;/ . Longress returned to Philadelphin. July 8. Wyoing. July B, Clinton crossed to Bandy Hoole. July 8, Count D'Estaing arrivod with tho Frouch flect, July 23. Woshington crosses tho Hudson. The Fronch ticet is ailatory, but arrives in Nar- rugansett Bay by tho last ok the month, Avgat. ‘Vholnonth was consumed in almost alinluss shiftings of the, Fronch und Britlsh flects, which wero fn noqruu hurry to mneot, and seyero storns did tho damoge to both which nelther was ready or ablo to inflict on tho other, Septeber. Kcinta. Uctober, The County of Illinols wus modea art of Virciofa, Ly “tho jutrepidity of Col, r.‘llrk who sulzed Kuskaskia. Tho Biritish Gen. Hamilton, n comuand st Detroit, there- upou ordured the post of Vincennds to sur- render, The guarrison conslstod of Capt. Heim and ous an; bot it was enoogh for the emcrgency, Helm stoud over a cannon with o lighted match, and sceured the honors of war, ov, 10, Massucre of Uunrr&\v'ulluy, Lecember. 'I'ho Brislsh decided, s ‘wintor ap- prouched, to moke the Bouth the battle-flel and on the last duy of tho year they obtain posscsslon of Savatnah. TOE CLOSING YHRARS, 1770, January aud February passed without netable ovents exeept that Moultrie defeated the British at Port Royal, and Hemilton surrendered Vin- cennes to Clack, March and Aprll wore alinust oyenticss. In tho lattur part of May Clinton as- .cended the Hudson. July 16, Washington was anxious to dislodgo the Britlsh from Stouy Pofnt, and conveyed his wishes to Mad Autbony Wayne. *1 will stormn L—1{f you will only lay tho plan,” gaid tho pro- funo wan. The fort fell. August, Sullivan drove tue Indlans, after weeks of desporate ghting, out of quyum-_ ofJuly. When the Congross asgemble ing and Molawk Valloyg, and in two snonths the Bix Natlona were sufxiued. September, 1)'Eataing and the Fronch fleot nlv}n-med oft Georgla and captured four Dritlsh shifpa, ¥ Sept, 22, Paul Jones captured tho Berapls on tho Linglish conat, Oct. 3. ot In Philadelphia. L Oct. 20. The Britlsh Jeave Rhoda Island, November and December witnessed nothing but petty troublo. Not so petty, cither, fora palr of boots cost $600 1780. Janmn‘A Arold’s !;wnmy darkens this por- tlon of the Amerfean struggle. The roader who is in danger of finftating his_oxample ma look up tho detafts for himacif. On the 2th of this month the protext waa furnished by an or- der from Congress to Waslington to roprinand Arnold for insubordination—n duty which Wasii- {ugton sorrowfully dluhnrie,«l. 'eh. 5, Congress call for 35,000 men, March 81, Clinton {8 bofore Cliarleston with 10,000 men. . AMay 123, Charleston, surrounded on overy slde, surronders. nl{/. Uates goes Bouth, confident of Dur- goyning Cornwallls, Aug,” 10, Tattlo of Camden. (ntes igno- minlously whippod by Cornwallis, Pride gocth b Th tengody of Andro s b Seplember, 1} of ro 0. 'UA 2, It was ended, S 8 1781, Jan, 1, Washington cows tha mutincorg at Morristown, _Clinton acnt omligenrics amony them to ndnco desortlon, “Wu are no Arnolds!” indignantly replled tlie mon who were dying by Inchies for on udifferent country aud an'fmbecile Congress, Jan, 17. Cowpens.Tarlcton's flight. February. Cornwallia has tho month all to himself, aml lic consumed it In getting ready to fall tnto the trap which Waslington was lnylng, March 15, Grovne and_Cornwallls colllde at Quliford Court-House. Cornwallls loat o quar- t&e,r of his army, and Urocne did not claim o vie- :iypru 29, Lafayette nrrives nt Richmond. When passing through Baltimore, ho purchased nuwnllcs for his mon with his own money. May, Junc, and July were expended in ma- neuvres deslgned for Cornwallis, During July and August, Lafaystie, Do Grasse, aid Tlo- chambeau gradually threw thelr network around the Englislunan, and hemmed him in towanl Whashligton’s trap, On the st of August, Corn- wallls eot out for Yorktown, Septy 23, 'Tho Frénch and Amerleans approach Yorktown, ® Oct. 8. Tho efegoe of Yorktown begloa, Ocl, 9. First parallol opuued, Oct, 11, Becond parallel. Oct, 14, Redoubis captured, Oct, 17, Cornwallls attempts to escapo, Ort. 10, Coruwullls surreudors. _Scven thous soud mon Iny down thelr artns. When tho news reached Cougress, whith had doue very little toward securing the result, that complaisant boidy marched solernly to the Luthoran Church to roturn thanks. It ‘was all they could do, When the nows reached Lord Noril, bo snid 16 was llko 4 caunon-ball in s breast.” Ife re- turned no thouks, The llouss of Comiuons returnod no thanks, It voted that whoso advised the King to continue hostilities should be con- sidered o publie enciny. Dee, 30, By order of Congress, tho United States roturncd thanks. $ 1782, Aay. Sir Guy Carloton arrived ot New York with negotiutious for peace. It wns not pro- posed to bribe or fight anybody this thne. ———— VERIFYING ILIISTORY, WIEN WAS TIlE DECLALATION BIGNED? Itis to-day moro than cver the Imperativo duty of the press of the country to correet and verlfy history, even though In many fustances it prove more the labor of the fconoclast than of tho charitablo historlon. Outeide of tho New England Colonies it s a lamentable truth that very imperfect records have been preserved of tho carller political struggles which Involved altke every cotnmunity thatucknowledged fealty to Qreat Britaln; and oa for our acyuired Fronch and 8panish dependencies, not even the indefatigable Bancroft has been able to find any- thing serviceable save among the religlo-politl- cal memnoranda of tho Jesult fathers. These things belng true, tho wisdom and ncecssity ot the Presldent’s procinmation, that on this hun- dredth nnnlversary of our natfon's freedom his- torlans should aggregato all the Informatfon posaiblo touching the ploneer history of the eov- cral cities, counties, aud Btates, are commenda- “Ble in tha highest degree. With this objoct In view, and uut In any captious epirit, tho follow- ing articio 18 propared from data not casily ace- cessible by the people, aud rarcly found in pub- e Nbraries: PIPTY YHANIS AGO TO-DAT, at forty minutes pust 12 o’clock, ‘Thomas Jefer- son died at bis home In Manticello, Va., at the ripe old ago of 83 yeurs. Lifty years ago to- dny, at_half-past 6 o'dock In this alternoon, Joim Adans died at his howe In Quincy, Massa- chusetts, agwl 91 years. Around these two he- rocs of the Ltevol utlon, cven at that carly dato, had begun to cluster many glorloua meinorie and it scemns ohnost o egicelil interposition of Provideucs that after long years of acrvice fn the couso of lumanity thesd falthful eervants should, on tho anniversary of thelr great tri- umph, hear tht weleome suminons, Come up ligher! Thus hina it been dollvered to us by tho perennial Fourth of July orators. Upon” this colnekience—the_death -of two siguors of tho Declarntlon of Independonce and of two ex- L Presidents of the young lh:&v,nbllu—nmn noble rhotorleal structures hava beon bulldes h{ tho Everetts, Masona, Yancoys, Clays, and Phillips of tholand, As to the cortainty of tho day and hour when Jetlerson aund Adams doparted this life, there 1s no differenco of opinton. As to tlml day boing the unniversary of the Declarn- tlod of Iudependence, thore i ' widu diversity of opinion, and it Is thereforo 1:3])0(' that, on what purports to bo Its hundredth recur- rence, ALL THD BVIDENCE, PRO AND CO¥, BHOULD Bl HBARD. Under date of * Puitadelpbia, Janusry, 1814, Thomus McKean, * for whose scrvices tiStates of Deluware and Penusylvanin stronuously cuns tonded, writes to ox-President Adams: “1 will give you a historieal fuct respecting tho Decluration of Independence which may aunuse, 1t not surprise.” McKenu then rocites that on the 1st of July, 1770, thu question wad taken in tho Comittey of the Whole in Congress, when Tonusylvunly, having seven members prosent, voted ” no, 4w 1, Delaware, l'upn:ncllwl‘ bfiy hjmselt oud Reod, divided, the “Iatter opposing the Declaration, 'hia doluyed further action on tho qucul!ou un- tilthe Fourth, **1n tho moantitme,” ho enys, ¥ I sent an expross for Cisur Rodnoy to Duver, Del,, at my owh expense, whoin I et at tho Stato-llouse duor on the Fourth of July In his boots, ‘Tho question was tuken; Delaware voted In favor of fudepondence; Vunnsylvunia (thero belng ouly flve members present, Dickinson and Morris ausent) voted also for it Willing and Huwphries wore aguinst i, As the vote wus tuken by States, tho Congresslonal journal was mdo up to this cffect, aithough, according to MeKean, the Declaration of Ludepeudoncs dld nut receive tho unanlmous spproval of all tho Congressinen or delegutes uy they were then called. But the followlug parograph from tho s letter thruws ADDITIONAL LIQUT UPON THE ERROLS OF 8- TONY # Notwithstandtug tnls, in tho printed public Joursul of Cougroes for 1776, Vol, 8, It appears that tho Declgrution of Iudependunico wus do- tlarod on the Fourth of July, 1870, by the gon- tlemon whoso names are thero fuscrted 3 whures 88, no_porson shgned it on that day!” - Among thenames aflixed to it by the Clerk woro thuso of Georgs Itead, McKoau's colleague, who was opebly aud avowedly opposed to , and Lobert Mords, Dr, Rush, Clymer, Bilth, Toylor, aud Jlloss, wl of Pennsylvanlu, aud Thornton, of New Humpsbire, who were not prescut in Congress that day, ‘To wake the record still moroglaringly absurd, McKoun teatts flos that tho six g‘;cnueuwu last named were not even members of Congresa on the 4th of July, 17781 Flve of the Pennsylvunia gentlumen who thuy sought posthumous fumne wore nod ap- polnted to Congress il the 2th of July, and Mr, ‘Thurnton took his geat for tho flrst thine on tho 4th of November following. Dut Mclean, hinself, was the greatest sutlerer at the hauds of the unrelably historfan, for his name and that of Houry Wisncr, of New York, wero omittod as subscribors to the Doclaration, although they were present 'amd voted for jt— McKean belnk, aa ho says, 8o ardent a patriot that hio sont an expross ut his own expeuse for Cassar Rodnoy, so that Dolawsrs should cust un alllratlye voto, But Liers is auother frank and openletter from Guv. McKean, on the same subject, which goes moro fato detulls: PuiLapeLruw, Juns 16, 1817.—Messra, Will- {am llcc‘arkl'lfi Hon—QENTLENEN: Suvers) ape 1lcations havo recontly buen madu to v Lo state Tlo etrurs which § had obacrved, aud oftaly ninie tioned, fn the publications of the names of the wombors of the Continoutal Congress who declared i favor of the lmlugfllldvucd of thy United States on tho 4th of July, 1770. u Monday, the 1at day of July, 1776, he arguiients in Congross forand sgainst the Declaration of Indupendenco having been exhoustod, ond the messurcs fully cunsidered, the Congreas rosolved itself Into Come witiee.of the Whole; tho question was put by the Chalrman, and uli the Fales vo'ed {n the milinn. athve, except Pounsylvanla, which woy jn the uegatlve, utid Delaware, whicliwas divided, . . . When the President reasmed the chale, the Chalre man of the Comniited of the Whule mado bid re- port, which wes not acted on U1 ‘Thursday, th i uu s was dny, tho queetion wan put wpon the report o’ o Qonmitios ot " e’ Whote, - mid uvnrnvw\ by wvery Htate, ., . Same wonthe niter this, Caaw prinfed prbilentionn of the namra +of those gentiemen who hiad, as It was eald, voted for tho Declaration of Independence, ani obacrved that my own natno wan omittod. T was not a littlo aurprided ot, nor could Lacenunt for, theonilssiens Deeanso | knaw that on the 24th of June preceding the doputfen from Pennrylvania nesembled tn tho Carponter's Hall, Pifladelphia, which had met on the 18th and chosen mo thelr Frestdent, lad unant- l’llullll{ daclared tholr willlngness lo concur in & voto of the l,'unll}rl'll. declaring tho United Coloe nles froo and independent Statos, and had ordercd their declaration (o bo signod, and thole President to dolivor It to Congress, which I a d- ingly did_ tho duy“m?lnmm{z.' 1 "knew, Blso, that a reglment of naroelators, of which I \was Colonel, had, at the end of May bo- fore, unanlmonaly mado the asmo doclaration, Theso circumetances wero mentionod at the thno ta;iunllumen of iny nc?uuln(nnce. Tha orror ro- malned uncorrected tf tho yoar 1781, whon I was appointed to publish the [aws of Ponnsylvanla, to hieh I prefixad the Declaration of Independonco, sud fnsurted my own namo with the names of my colloagues, . . . Forseveral yoars past T hava heen taught to think loss unuvorn{vlynr akupticism thon forwerly, Bo many things hidve boon mis- represented,” miestated,” and oeroncously printed {with reoming antlicuticity) under my own eye,ns In my own oplnfon to tender thoso who doabt avorything not sitogether {noxcusablo, Tho b Heatlon of tho Declaration of Indopondence on tha 4th of 'Y“la, 1770, os printed In tho journnls of Congress, Vol, 2, page 242, etc., and also in tha ncts of most public bodies slnco, #o far an respects the names of tho delogntes or deputics wha made the declaration, hias led o the above rofiection, By tho printed publicationa reforred to, 1t would appearna it the ifiy-five gentlemen whose namcs arg thera printed, atid none other, were on that day [mmmnlly resent In_Congress, and assenting to ho declarations whereas tho truth la otherwleo. s o o MModesty should not rob any man of his nst honor, when by that honor his niodesty eannog s offended, My nama (s not in tho printed journol of Congreas n»n[mrly to tho Doolaration” of In- dependoice, and Ehls, 1tke an arror {n the irat co coction, haa vitiated most of tho subscequent pub) catlona, . . . Idonotknow how tho misstatc~ ment in tho printod journnla hns happetied. Tha manescript publio junrnal has no names annexed to tho Declaeation ‘of Indepundonce, nor hns the sccrot fournals hut [t n) ycnm by the lattor that, on tho 10il day ot July, 1770, tho Congroas dirottedl that It should bo cngrossed on_ parchment, and elgned by every mombor, and that it was 80’ proe duced on the 20th of August and wigned, Thie /s Interllned In the secret journnl in the handwritingof Charles Thompeon, the Scerotary, . . . Your Jnont obedient servant, TiiosAs McKrax, "Thy deaths of Jefforson nnd Juhn Adams, as statod above, rovived the discussion os to the AUTHENTIOITY OF TR BIGNATURES to tho manuscript copy of the Declaration of Indepondency then on ilo {n the Stuto Doparte « ment, and the edltor of the Baltlmore Gazells brought out the fullowiug iu his Issue of July 16, 1826 We_have rocelved tho following on the subjects Mr. Chinrles Carroll took his gest In Congress on tho 18th of July, 1770. The fallowing anscdote should not ho lost: After Mr, Carroll wes Intro- duced to the Prealdent on bis firet taking hin scat, . hie drow his attentlon ta the porchment copy of tha' Declaration of Independenco, and Invited hlin to” slgn it Me. Carroll ropliod, **With great plenas ure, " and advanced to the table. Whilst slxning it, o mewmbor remarked, **'Phoro goosa few miilivus, alluding to the great weslth of Me. Carroll, [ TIlfz THXT OF TilB ONIGINAL ILESOLUTION, which wus discussed In the Commities of the Whole, and which was dopted by the Congrees on July 4, 1770, 1 in these words: X Reerolted, That theso U, 8. are, and of right ought to be, freonnd lndfl‘mnduntuwluu: that the; ugy absolved from oll alloglancy to the Drithin Crown; that o}l political cunnection between thoin and the Stato of Ureat Dritain {s and ought to be totally dissolyed. On'the 11th of Juno, Thomns Jefferson, John Adnms, Benjamin Erankiin, Rogor Sherman, and 1. R, Livingston wera appointed a comimnittee to draft o Deelarations Jellerson befng the younyse cst and most experd penman, to him wis o3 signed the dotalls, and taking the resolutfon as his text prepared what has gone Into history aa a second Bermon on the Mount. But was that Declaration read in open Congress on the dth day of July, 18761 It doca not 8o appear on the Journals, public and secrot, of the Coluulat Con- cas, Uov. Mc{oan says thint on tho 10th of uly it was ordered tngrosed upon parche menvand signed by every member, und that it Wi 80 Rruduucd and slgned on the 24 of Au- gust, Yet In 1826 Charles Carroll Informa tho editor of the Baltimore Gazetle that he slzned 1t on tho day lie tuok bis aeat, July 18, 1776, ° Concurront testimony undotivtedly cstali- lishes tho fact that late in thu afternoon of July 4, 1770, tho Colonial Congress formally voted tho regolution given nbovu' for on tho next day Jolin Adams writcs s ¢ Yestordny the greatest question was deelded which was cver decided, among men, A resolution was passed unanls mously ‘that thess Unfted Btates are, and of right ought to be, freoand fudependent States,! " MekKean, howevor, asserts positively Liat Wille Iy Hunphiries, aud Read voted “no?? Ailaing wrote in the samme letter just quoted: “‘l'ue Fourth of July, 1776, will bo & memorable epoch In the history'of Amerlen. It oughit to be con- mentorated as tho day of deliveraiee by solemn acts of devotlon to Almighty Gol. It'ought w bo sulowmnized with poinp, shows, Fanics, sporty, guns, bells, bonflres, illuminations—from oue el of the Continent to the other,” Andso it hus been celebrated TILE MECKLENOURG DECLARATION of Indopundonce, which, durlng Mr, Jefferson's 1fotime, wos set up a8 the orlginal Declarutlon of Indepuudence, éceins to have no more clafin to auttienticity than the action of the deputivs of Pennaylvania, wher, on the 24th of June, 1776, they resulved aubstantinlly the same as the Colunial Congress afliruied on July 4, 1770. Btrictly coustrued, therefore, the 4th of July, 1776, is uot tho legal anutversary of the Duclarus tion” of Indupendence, for that document was not actionabla nor would it hiuve heen so held by Great Dritain, unt!l after the siguature of os- senting fes had boen aflixed. But forall the purposes of_patrlotisin it 18 us good o dato as niy othicr, and having the sauction of custom iu fts'observinee an hundred years, solet ft bo recordeds 'Then all hall, the Glorious Forth| ————— . LAWRENCE UNIVERSITY. Bpectal Corespondence af The Tribune, APrLnToN, Wis,, June 20,—The Cummoncos ment exerelses of tho gruating class of Lowe rence University wound up thelr four days’ proe ‘ceedings very successfully this morning, in the Unlyersity chapel. Tho exerclaes wers undor tho dircetlon of the Rev. Georgo'BM. Stevle, Tresident of the Unlversity, and ware atteuded by the clite of Appleton, In addition to num- bera from the surrounding country, aud formey studenta from all parts, After the Salutatory Address, which was very ably delivered, oratlons snd cusays—intor- spersed with muste fincly rendercd by the Iutchins Reglmental Band, of Fond du Loe— were the order of the day, and nobly culmi- nated with o cnru\'ullrv‘wmpulcd Valudlctory Address by Frouk W, [loughton, of Rochester, Aftor this, tho degrees wero conforred, and a procession formed to the M, 1, Churell, whorg dinnor was served, Fallowing dinuer, fclicitous specchos werg made by Ur, Bteclo, the Rav, Mr. Buanipson, Prof, Yocum, the Rov. 'I' C. Wilson, Lorin Ed- wanls of Enu Clare, tha Roev, J. N. Waller, tho Itev. W. Btow, J. Owen of Chlcago, an others, P In tho nvculn{;, Mra, Steele, wifs of the worthy Presidont, Wold a numerous and fwhtonably« attended recoptlon, W. 1L O/ ——— ‘The Early Illstory of Harah Dernhardt, Zondon Eraminer. Bome Interosting tacts have been brought to light by M, Franclsque Barcoy concerning thy history of Mlle, S8urah Bernhurdt, thucelcbrated Fronch actress. They form quite a drama in themsclves. The story begins with tho arrest ot twu young girls In Puris, the ono about 16 tho othier hor Juuler, The wmfluhu lodgu‘ alusk thom waa that thuy hod been fuunu fn tho Paluls Royal occupying chalrs without beinge Bl bo yay thio waal s, aud that thoy hwl taughod ut the chalrkeoper whon asked fur the monoy. Upon belng oxamined it was found that thoy hud run uwoy from Amstordan, aud had arrived in Parls the same muring, They wero sistors, thoy belonged to a good famil of Juwish origln, and thoir namoe was Bernhard Two montha ufter this evont the younger of tho elsters, not 14 years old, brought Saral Bornhardt futo the warld, Nothing scems tobo knownofthetatherof thouctross, wiodicd youug excopt that 1t was his wish that his child llxoulh embrace tho Christian rellgion, She wus sceord« fugly placed {n & conveut oy Grandchamnp, near Vorsallles, where sho recelved hor education. lore ubo sces to havo lcd the good Slsters o proty duuce, for wo tind her being four thnes expelied on account of her escapudes, und oy often readumitted, At this early dato she manifested that myse terious power over others which has so distine hed her in later years; and one of the nuns, With & warped but proj !n:hu vislon, wes wont to soy that this strange child wus destined to be- como either a great lght In rellglon or the great- ost child of &fn thut the Church ever anutiiving- tized. Upon h:nvlufi the cuuvent the girl was heard to lql Y1 will be u rdlyleuse, unluas," slio added, X becomo un actross.” ——————— Dotter Late than Never. Tho Albany Z¥ma'of Friday evenlng eoys: #Op the Oth lust, we published & paragrdpin stating that up to that date Qov. Tilden hisd not pald bis subscription of $100 to the fund for tho rellef of the Nebraska sufferers, started o year ugo, The statemont wis correet, but thy money bas glnes Leen pakd, and (@ has been ex- plained that the long duluy Wid UWIBE to vrwe sighit, and uot futentional.! 3