Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, July 1, 1876, Page 9

THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, JULY 1, 1876—TWELVE PAGES. < - LITERATURE. (ladstone’s Inquiry into the Time and Place of Ten and Manners in America a IHundred Years Fugitive Pieces by Hawthorno «--Poem by Herman Melville. " The Daily Lifo of the MalePapuan ==How Vzi"iam Ellery ied Tho Seychelles Islands, and Their Vegetable Produce Flora Round About Chicago---The ‘Water-Lily Family, LITERATURE. A TIUNDRED YEATRS AGO. AND MANNERS 1IN YE A 10mo. , pp. 320, ner, Armstrong & Co. From qualnt and antiquated volumes of his- tory, biography, personal remintscences, letters, nd gossipy sketches, Mr. Scudder has sclected amass of diversificd miterinl for the filustra- ion of 1lfe in the Amerlean Colonies at the cra Amid the heterogencous collection, thero are entertaining portraituresof Individual character, delincations of local cus- recltals of influential -evonts ond of 1lvely auneedotes, that throw much light on an interesting perlod of our history, pHer has contented himself with choosing and arranging his extracts in consceutive order, in- troducing only such commnients of lis own ns were nceessary to o clear understanding of Imitating his example, woenll from his store a few parmgraphs that Dbear a promise of Intcrest for our renders: The stalwart buckwoodsmen, who hastened on tho first call to the Amcrican camp, to en- goge in the defanso of thelr country, were noted for thelr skill in the use of the rifle by practice from childhodd in shooting at a long range, they had eequired o keen eyo and a steady afm, and tho mark at: which they pulied o trigger was A company of these uxpert riflcmon, undor-tio command of Capt. Cresap, otopped, on thelr way to the general ren- dezvous, at Lams:aster, Pa., aud thero astonished tho citizens with, an exhibition of thelr sliarp- shooting. Tho Virginia Gazetfe published an uecount of theeaffalr, fu tho courso of which it Edited by E, 11, New York: Serlb- of tho Revolution. fragmentary passages. ravely missed. ‘Theso mon have heen bred n the woods to hard- shipa and dangers from thelr infancy Thoy ap- pear 08 if thoy wero ontirely unacquainted with, d had “pever felt, tho passion of fear, thelr rifles in ‘thelr hands, they assumo o kind of omnirotenas mention 0 fack by scveral of tho reputabio persons who were oyo- ‘T brotliera in the com) a plece of board! 6 Inches brond and 7 inc with a bit of wk Ite papor, abont the slze of n dollar, nailed in the ceartre; and, while uno of thom sup- orted this bourd perpendicularily between his nees, tho other, ntu distance of upwards of 60 ards, and without any kind of rest, shot cight 1t micconeively, and mpurcd n Angthier_of the company hLold & arrol-stave pexpendicularly In his hands, with ons edgzo eloeo to 1ds slde; whilo one of his comrades, At the samie distance anid In the manner bofuro mef Honod, sbot saveral bullets through it, without ni apprehienalon of danger on olther side. tors, neapcarliez 10 bo amazed ut these feats, wera told tha’c there wero upwards of fifty poreons In tho samo ¢ ompany who could do tho same thing; that thera v/u8 not ona who could not plug nineteen bul- leta wut of twonty, as they termer Incl of tho hengl of a tenpenny-nail. eviirce the confidence they posseaned in their dex- terll.y ot thle kind of arme, somo of thom proposed to stand with apples on thelr heads, while others, at the samo distance, undertook to shoot them off; e ¢ tho peoplegeho saw tho other experiments dos o fnied to be witnesscs of § part of tha War of tho Revolu- was “wretchiedly cquipped with nrms and Inunitions, and was nlmost entircly wanting discipline, of military regulations hod not entered into the clucation of tho coloniats, whosa activitics had been chiefly employed in subduin, Urenking wild Jonds, and developing the ag cultural and commerciol resources of o ne and thinly-settled country, When thoy selzed their guits and ravged’ themselves with the auilitin, it was with little {den of acknowledging orders, or submitting to tho igid routine of tho solller’s professfon. Eacl ong regarded himself as holding an inde) commaud, and st 1berty to do his fighting *on hls own hook.*” Tho aridy was, fn fact, searcely more thon amob clad In motley, and in unisoi upon the alngle fdes of reslsting the eneroach- ments of the enemy, An fneident {Hustratin thu gencral fusubordination of tho rank-und= « 1l Iu told by Ellanah Watson In his * Men and Thnea of the Revolution.!. of the delivery of o quuntity of gun- powder at Cambridge, and says, jn narrating lw clrcuinatances s ssing through the camp I overhoard o, tween a Captain of tho militis and ones c}lily lllnum.lftll”fih'!_r witnoeses of it, suporiors, oboyin The writer hod uf his privates, which for character and condition of s1id tho Captaln il of water for 0 and brlng s pal ian't, " was - tha. reply of, DIl our turn siow, Captatn s I f subordinatlon ‘hud then Oflcers and men hiul undor the ardent Linpalse of & A3 and tho scloctions of tho ppointnenty, which iental ‘unu umpxo- rogunil {0 superior uirement. Ally w% great fl?k'm‘ homoa soclal cquality, the Intluguce nr‘ e dlll“ncfln:;l nlf runk ac nd e Wwero yet ta bo flll-fl\.)lllllmd.y PR eie The swine chatty author, who, after o short red on the pursuit of o fursd 4 wml: ‘timuulng rovalllfeuunu right, an eceentric womun with o re- markablo tulent for modeling: lor gullery of wax flgures wis’ London, aiid she herotlf excit attentlon by her orjginal chy curlent manners, eracy, but Mr. Wi Whera she was o clrele of Amerlean 5Sho was a tall and athlctlc figuro (saye sonl, and walked with a. tirm, bold stop, as orect Indlan, Ier compioxion was soriowhat sale high; her face, furrowed; lorclng, und expressive, i lind adimost tho kor and_orivinality e i AL‘\ll'llh,hrnnuunoln ho would utter language, In asnnt volubility, ua if unconsclous to wlhom hat would it her hearors to tho hlush, ntly posscssed the utmost slmulicity of hoad of wax wpon hor lap, sho would t accurato likenews by the muro force ve recollection of tho trajts and lines of he wonld forn thu likuncsses by ax with hor thumb aud finger. 3 mlml‘ ourad forth scarcoly been introduced, ruahied”to the fleld common patriotism Torner by the troops, or thelr it oceurred, woro rather neel rary than controlled from any “ of which still remained, andtho restraints of nlit: carcer as u soldier, entes merclant, furnishe: portraits in wox. very popitlar in arncler and fnde- Shu was a natlve of New atson first mes Ler n Parls, raminent personuge in the her check bones, ation corresponde wiani, \V‘LI pulating thy Wi undnterroniod thy tes tind reminiscencos of inen n about the year 1767, near the % uppearanco there n Tho pecullsrity of hor character, igurcs, made her ounging-place for 10 Weut 10 Londo puriod of Franklin! of Penusylvanta, sud the cxcollunce foonis In Pull Mall u fashlonablo I ty and distinguishod men ol anil Quean aften visited her inducy hoe to work upon her ot thulr praeence. - Blio would Ueordo aad Charfotia - o dddrese then s Whilo i Pz, gt to make t After the head ha atson], sho walked Serlded careyl Mr. Watson engaged Mrs. s head of Kranktin, e been modeled [continues Mr. Gut Lo Pu sy (where B n 1 it I & napkha, In order to com- in’ roturning, in tho ¢ the barrier, to bo Lut, na ker mind an ulr, sho hnew blg Was stupped af 108 contrabantt as hier natlve Amer N0 tha rewiol why sho W tatained, the attenipt to cxuming ber bundle, t in tho tage of a fury, 'Pho oliicers 88 210 cxplaition, (R bo absenes uf could ‘tako place. Sho waw com- . 10 yield to power. d and, t” thu astonlstiment Uited the head of @ d hein fu 1k o obscurit i of the night. 'Thuy hout further examination, bo- {14 rwvard nanured we, that sho waa o had conmiitted murder, und i the hiead of her victls crruined to cunvey herto the 0 alic mado them comprehend W gun to the totel d'Yurke, Lway in ‘the pansago & great ‘e vulco pitched npon o sk ed out, and found hee i g tatefhle paze, fing eyo finahing, 1 thrnat gayiet{ bejweey hor nad the oficers, elntming:” s+ A, 3 Inn‘ghclll qivest co qwily. An explacation cnsuedl, - Al nxcxl Mra, Wright were lilalhile anmused ot tho alng nlarity snd shsurd- ity of the v, Mr, Wataon, whoso reminls 2encee extend from 1777 to 1842, glves 9 strange eiccountof the man- ner n which chacolate and tea were served on thelr tivat tntroduction into Ehe Colonlest In Who olden thno (Lo averal, 1t was the fashlon, n some pdrie 6F the eountry, to rerve a dish of chiocolatg, \rlgeh had Juat then come Into ure, In a curlous style, The ficlghtot tha fashion wan to nprons, amd Mrs. Wriz higher ey than neaal, Inmy room: and, lmnrlnr 1 1 it Sota”, tfip, ketla of” cliocolata nuvoral tnka ~of "Mkagen, and after boilmz all together, 10 <mervo tha guesta © with 0 bowl of ehaealatd nnd o pana age, which was cut up, and Ehun e tlewrcaten Wit 1 8 apoon. When ton wan first intkddneed In alo m, the naual mode of rerving funp wasdoboll thu te a inanfron Kettle, and, after stewlning the Hanor ¢ [, the holled herh e putigto &dinh and uttored. 'Tile war ealca, White the Hau it cOEtion Wan i 1nk Withont ANEAT or milk, to Wl'lill down “the gre enn, But this s nothing to ho chmpared to tho o :quinite hrenkfant aehlel wan o common Yoo ami g the peoplo of Snlemn rome elghty or ninety yeart since. The sour, fonnchold-brewed beer wan pul, on in the great Lrass kettle, and simmered ovor: the fire, with the crusts of the brown-bread erntaliled In, and ocea- slonally dulelfied with a tittle moi axees,” This wan ol op IIM|, to the- famitly, wader the name of Isky belly-vengeance, The liard fare on which the army patiently rubslsted during the dreadful winter at Valley Forge Is doseribed by one of tha young officers acting as Addu to Steuben, fn the fullowins terms: At thoollicors’ mess they seldom had fresh meatyc andgl.o Of vogelablesitlity, had noae, #ave wometimes fotnn pulmls Clicle table was Joose planks, sl rauglh, a8 split fzom tho tree, One diah, of wood oF of pewtet, dalited foremess A lior) spoon, and tumbler of horn, were' fent round, 'Chelr knife was carried in the pocket. Much of 1helr diet wis solted herrings, in such an Injured atato that the wonlil niot hold together to e drwn out of theeask wingly, but had to ho shoveled up en movse. Su- ar, cofler, fea, etc,,were Tuxuics not ace.t. They had only Continental money; wid It was so depre- clatedl, it would not ollure farmers to well ta them, Yet. chicurloss ag waw subh o rtate, when theys drew thirce months”-pay, o awmber of subaltern 6 flicers allled out to kel 'mirth and Jolllly, and eprnt o month's paydn one night of merry revelry, Semne: then, for plepnantey, you wiglt sco i suud of men and oflichr'aflectlig Lo liave recefved n snpoly of whisky (of whleWthey were often without), t:nd nssing round L6 stane (:ll as if flled; when, lot ho cager axpechit:found it wax only water. ‘Tho fun way, (hat the decelved still Jept tho secrot, In hopes 101293, I 40" anothier and. unother wnwary wightt sty Gnu.-“’uinfi:’n ‘nl{\ alidred the hardships of lis brave wen, setting them an example of forti- tude and cheerfulness. At his own table he— Was accustomed to sit down with his favited oficers, §.c.. to a scanty piece of ‘meat, with some hnrdhead and a few potatocs, At s Hottao, called ** Maore Hall," they drank the healtl and prosperity of the nation In lumble Todags and Qre Tuxnéloms dessert consisted of & piate of hickory-nuts. There his fortitnde, and dignity of demeanor, nlways gave new eplrite fo Iiis ofticers, ' Bven'in those rcenes, Mra, Washing- = 55 ton, nw was'libr firactice In wintor campaigns, had {ul ter ?hu?mnd.-—-poucnlni: nlways, at tho hcad of his table, lier miid, dizniled countenance, Grave yot cheerful,"lier countenunce and hor man- ner reflected” the feellngs of the huro whose name sho bore, Ier Pri!!tlxce inspired fortitude; and those who came’ to lier with almost desponding hearts mtlud‘r’ull of liope and contidence, GLADSTONE ON IIOMER. ORIC SYNCHRONISM: AN INquiny 1870 Tt A Neaee on Hosen, iy iito Titoailon, W. I, Graprrosz, M. P., Autlior of ‘*Juven- ow York: Harper & Drothers. Bvo., pp. 284, Price, 2. The name Af tho English ex-Premier, and his well-known cx, ensive leamning, are sufticlent to recommend ahy york of his at once, und give tho reader confidenve in tho statements it puts forward, however hovel they may be. - The book \now under’‘ndtice I an claborate, and, on tho .whole,, very eatlsfactory, at- tempt to’ define, g mear as Moy Dbe possible fn the light of recent discover- fes, and with g tloge and patient study of the Tliad andOdfidey, the time and place fu which these great poems were produced, The common {dea regarding Tomer is, that he Jived scversl centurles before the Christion ern in some city of Asin Dinor; and that he wrots efther the whole orapart of the Ilind and the Odysscy. Loug and aerld have been the disputes over the question ns to whether these two poems cima- nated from oneand the same author. Perhiaps tho point caniof yct Lo cousldered defluitely settled, thongh tho mnajority of scholars—among whom {5 Gladstoits himself=are inclined to be- evo thint Tomer wrote them both, The recent discoveries. in Egypt, dorived cs- peclully from the deciphering of the nignument- al hicroglypliles; bave given data fromt which Mr, Glzdstone lns woven o strong arguutent, The two chief coucluslons at Which hie arrives aro: first, thot the Trofan War, which he con- glders an historleal event, took placa between 1387 and 1220 B, C., and probably, to fix it with- In o narrower limit, between 1816 and 1807 B. C. This I8 over 125 years cardicr than the comman- Iy-recelved dute'of 1183 B. C. given by Eratos- thenes. As Mr, Gludstone remunrks, this lntter dute wus based solely on tradition, aud is, there- fore, not to_bo regurded as coucluaive. The sceond conclusion of thic author fg, that omer Nved within hulf o century after the Trojau War, or duriug the thirteenth century before Christ. This ulso s widely different from tho convnon ehironology, which flxes Homer's time nearly 500 years tater, orsbout 800 B, C. Mr. Glad- storic occuples himself, in the first purt of his work, with proving ncgatlyely that these two .theorles arc not fulse; and, i the remaining portion, to showing that they ure true, In the 1ornier, ho devotea his spuce to demonstrating that, from Dr. Schllemasan's lnte rillisut dis- coverica, It §s rendercd almost certain that Ills- sarllk is' tho site of unclent Troy; und, henc that tho artields of arnument and the domestle Iimplements there unearthed can be used to ex- luin the poems and fix the cra of thelr author, Tie m};umuuu here ure_quite conclusive, und the objectlons to the discrepuncies between some of theartlcles dlscovered aud thuse do- seribed by the poctare Ingenlously explained away. ]nythn third chapter the author refutcs the theory thut Tiomer wis un_Aslatie Gre lived “ufter the Dorfan conquest of From the fact thut Tomer docs not mentlon such o conquest, that he spenks slightingly of tho Dorlane, while lio extols the Achalung, who wero In thelr most flourlshing atate prior to the conquest, and that he exhDits aun intenscly Gre:k splrit, i fs argued that he must buva dwelt fn Greeeo proper, aud ot # dato anterlor to the Durlun ascendency, The second and most_fmportant’ part of the work {s devated to showing that the Trojan Wur took plaws most probably between 146 and 1307 B, C., mul that Homer lved shortly ulter that perlod, Here the facts on which the deduetions ure Lassed ure most_ novel uud most interesting. An%Juventus Mundhy’ - published abuut elght years ago, v, * Gladitono Luw rotghly sketelied the line of avgument weed iy ther presant work; and, fn the sonie conneetion, hus " ljuted thet the thne was probubly st hand whan, from further fovestigations, it would\s powsible to define with greater pre- clslon those periods of Egyptian chronology to which the 14 meric poems related. This, then, Tis heen the. object of the present work, und 1t has been well swcomplished, Every scrap of his- tury, every cor, sonanve or slnflarity of name, every legend, ha ¥ been analyzed, conipured, und siftedl (nn most o wrehiug manner, suid nade to do duty in supperting the conclusions which buve been renchied. 1t18 finpossible uot to ad- mfre und buw before such cxtensivd learn. ing, so modestly disp, 'syed. ' Though the book [s one which cantiot bo & ccommunded s an ufter- dluner recreation, {v fa Itenscly Interesting s giving a clearer glinpa 9 into that poctic time when gods and nien wen 2 young, and before, us wo cal liope, love of §ld ies, wud the cold can- ventioulitios of wodery: fife, bud galned s completo control over thetnubler qualities of the human soul. The following Is the lino 0.’ srgument pursucd by tho authori First—Dareanus, front whom tile Kings of "Troy sprang, is mentloned in the Egyptizn records us one of th ose who, in the tinie of the fifteenth dynasty s‘.\. G ud-z-xwz, mude war on B Iph togetherwitl: somo Semitfe races, Mo divee” tu the seventh p oncration, or ubout 180 v before Priunty the las King of Troy,—thus making =~ the ern of " the lutter about 1283 Ho C. Hecond—Tho Ad nfang,who are mentioned In thy poems oftenor toan any other tribe, for thelr valor and influcuc e, rose” inta power aliow fty veurs beforo the fnll of Troy, und fell Int ob- lylon ahout tho tEnu of tho Dorlan conquest, 'l'hlrd-Eg,\'Pt wint {0 tho zenlth of its povver under the cighteenth and nincteenth dynasties 1"4 C. 1000-1226), wnd ot that thne Thebes way ts Capltul. ‘Lo this city omor makes frequené references, ond Insuch” n \vn¥‘ a8 to show that B knew of it when 36 waa 1 § paliny doys, tho centro of richies und power; henee, the inference that ho fourished’ ebout the kwmo thme, This, however, i wot coneluslve; for what kuowledge ho might have had of the clity of o hundred gates would naturaily bo that ditfused nbrodd at ite thno of gréatest i»uncr, which the poct would have learned had he lived oges afiér. Lustly—1he referonces to Phenfelan Sidon ure Lo fts perkod of _splendor, before i was (about . C. 1200) supplanted by Tyre; while no refereice fs wade to the latter city. 'fho pot ms, thervtore, meat lkely wero Lcumposed befors the date just weuttoned. 'Ihe aceount of the voyage of the alilp Argo contains aatory of a battle fn the Riser Alruptos (or Nite), tallylng with n record of Egyptlan history of an expedition ngainat Merepthah by the Achalans, Libyans, and other natlms, A “sense und lncnuhl{:{ for he tegend 18 thorehy aug- gested, which cannnt otherwise be aupplicd With a probable hasls of fact, From these data and conjectures, supported, ax nonie of them are, by the Egyptian recordaing chronology, and additlonally” corvoborated by numerous minor colehiences, which give con- slstency and completeness, the eomclurion 13 reached, that Troy nust liave been destroyed hetween 1316 and 1207 11 C.5 and that its poct- Nistorlan drew Inspiration fiom the site of ity ahinost smoklig rulns, and xang his lays while the memory of fts valor was yet tresh In L hearers! miuds, The general result Iv,as the nuthor thinke, to throw tack the time of the fall of the Trojan Capital pereeptilly, but by no means to remove it heyond the perid over which auclent urigument ainl opinfon ranged. Altogether, the work makes a very valnable ndditlon to clussleal knowledge; and, if the reader cannot_nssent to all the arguinents, he will find 1t diffienlt to refute them, and witl ad- mit that a flood of light has been {murml on o Aubjuect, and a broad way opened by the author for some future liternry discoverer, IIAWTPIHORNE. AXD 0T PIECES, Ty Na- et HAwTnonde, 10mo., pp. 244 Dos- dumes 1. Dsgood & Co. % THE DOLLIVER ROMANU! AND OTHER PIECES, i3y NATiA%t 215 Doston: Jamcy Aftor completing hisstudent's course ot Dow- doin, Hawthorne lived, for the better part of ten or twelve years, with his mother and slsters, in Balem, devoting his days to the practice of Iit- erature, In the solitude of his room, withidoeors most often 18ciked, he sat and brooded over tin fancles that we may belleve came thick and fast from his tceming braln, and, welghiug and trying them to test thoir value, trained himself fn the nrt of choosing the hest, and_giving them the most adequate expreasion. |, Durlng this perfod of searching self-examinatioh,—loubtless tlw most profitable, though the least productive, of his existence,~the fuciplent novellst tried his fprentiee-hand in the: constructlon of varlous sketdhes and Lales, that groped thelr way Into notice through the colums of local perlodicals. 1t was in this term of his novitiate that Ltawthorne produced s first fictlon,—a work 80 little known that even its name is unfamiliar. It was erde compared with the finished compo- sitlons that soon and ever after followed it} atid, when its author had fiually developed o higher order of worlanauship, he so dlligently strove to cut down this waymark which disclos- ed the lower plane from which he had risen, that not above a half-dozen coples remalned in existence. In one sense it secins o wrong done to Hawthorne to give renewed publivity to n ook which Jic regarded aa an Inferlor represent- atlon of his genfus; and, fn another, It scems a charlty to his admirers, who look upon every serap Trom his pen ns o nreclous possession, ylelding some possible ray of light for o clearer understanding of the Interior ‘mechanism and movement of bis mind. ' “Fanshawe " was written In 1828, when Haw- thorne was 24 vears of age. It had' no swido elr- culatfon in the Deginulug, and was, in later years, 80 successfully suppressed that very few of those wlio kuow the author throtigh his writ- ings alone have ever fallen in with it. Published fnn style uniform with the “Little Classfe? edition of Hawthorne, there {s now an op‘)urm- nity for the world to learn from it that, In his youth, the great novellat wrought no better than any anothier gifted writer of the same experi- cnee. Undoubtedly hls genfus was of a logtier type than most; but o4 undoubtedly Jt was owling to the tollsome and patient discipline to which ho subjected it for many long years, that he was cnabled to give it that exquisitelv-per- feet utterance which has been the wonder und the delight of the most eritical readers, With #Fanshawe™ are bound o number of biozraphical sketehes, completing one volune; and with the frapments of “The Dolllver Romance,” found siong Hawthorue's posthu- mous papers, ure uniteld n dozen or more essays nnd fugitive pleces, composing aecond volume, The two will bo prized us. valuable appendices to the full collection of his wtitings. POEM BY IHERMAN MELVILLE. CLAREL: A Porx AND PItGRINAGE i Hoty Laxp, By Heauan Mewvitie, In Four Party L—IEnvsats, 1 1 WiLbEnNgsk J1IL Man Hapa, 1V BETHLENEN, T wmmes, 19010, , pp. 300— Tow Yor! < Putnamn's S Nearly u pencration has gone by since the charming storles of suvage Hfe fn the Murquesas Tslands, entitled * Amoo” aud “’Typee,” were published by Mr, Melville, The recollection of them Is still fragrant fi the memory, disposing one favorably toward uny new literary effort put forth In tho name of thelr author, But n two- volulned poem, with travels In the Holy Land for o subject! The proposition, it must bo con- fessed, is not promlsing, Nordoes the dedica- tion of the work tend to relieve the noscent de- spondency, hut rather to enhance it for there we learn that the poem is printed through the generosity of n late relative of Mr, Melville, wlio linew of it ouly by report, yet lberally provided for [ts nppearance in public, With u fafnt heart, yet stiil without prejudice, the first leaves are turned, nnd, slas! no trace of Mr. Mclville's old-time graceful English i visible. lustead, there | a display of very hard, cluht-syllable verse,—hard to' reud, hecanse of thi rough moatre, and hard to comprehend, he- eause of the strange jumbling of the Iu!‘lf,'nngu. Tho poem_has been fajthtully examined, from ¢ xl to end, and, no_better lines offering them- ¢ lves than those with which it opens, thoy ure « erpted to show falrly the atyle of the meas- 1 aud the rliymo: In chamber low and reored by Hime, Masonry old, late washed with limo—~ * Much 1ke a tomb new-cut in ktone Elbow on knee, and hrow sostafpe Al motionlcss on sidelomg hand, A student sity, and broods aloue, 0 G The smatl, deep casement sheds a ray Which tolln thut [n the Holy Town 1t Is the paseing of thio day— g Tho Vigil of Epiphany, Tesidu hilin In the narrow eell im luggago Mew unpackods theeeon ‘Fhe dust lfer, and on Wim us woll— The duet of travel. But anon 1lix fuce ho lifts—In featurs fino, Yet Ynlfl. and ull but fominine But for the eye and werions hrow-— Then Haen, pnces Lo and fro, Aund pauses, eaying, ** Other cheer “Than that anticipated hora Ty mo the learer, now I find,™ The manufacture of the potn must havebeen awork of fove, It bears nternal evidence of laving been lubored over as u blacksmith hame mers ut bia furge, and only u masterlng pasalon for the severest tusk-work'could have sustalned tho uuthor through it all. The ghost of a Jove- story flits across the vision two or three times 1n thie progress of the narrative, bat ity outlines are so ;ulm, and {ta presenco so fleotiug, thet It nlrrrut:u one searcely more than o summer's cloud, NOOXA RECEIVED, HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMER. ICA, FROM TIE DISCOVERY OF THE CON- TINKENT. By Geonor Baxcuorr, In Six Volumer. Vol. V', Thoroughly Hevirod Edtltion. oston: Littlo, Drowu & C MICAL, oW lfllllu."w‘l. 602, Doston WAL COLUMBDIA! HIBTORICAL, (& AND UL?E&NWIAL i b y WALTER T, T 47, Proyidonce: Autlion Edition. MeClteg & Ca, - Price, P TREATISI N ED_STATES NTS, FOIR INVENTORS AND PATENT- LES. By Hexny Howsoy, Civitand Mechanical Englurer, and gollcitor of Patents, and Clantais Howsox, Allomlr"hhlw anit Counzel in Patent Cancy, Authiors of *simerican Patent System, "' ete,, ele. 100y, po. JU4. Philadelphlas Yor. tor & Loates. PERIODICALS RECEIVED. Taternational Retlew for July-Augmst (A, 8. ® ow York). Gontents! *iixtral Georgo icknor, " vy Edwin I, 1o Amerlean Kepublic, by Gon. 44 und the Law of leld; ** Queen Augna- Whipplo: Sigel§ *T'he .\'»\\'i]mr Libel," by David Dudl g 18 auil tho Red Crods, by Dr. Tregenprouis; “sne sty History of the Ionlan Name, " by Prof. Epwt Cuttius; **Mr. Francis Par X 1listarier,” by Jullus §i. Ward: ** Crol mate and e, " by Prof, A, Winchell; ¢ temporary Lilerature, Art, aud Sclene Apniebons Tourual fos' duty (. Aupleton & Co., Qe York), Appitatons Journat livs cegaod o bo & weakly pumfiul, and hereafterwill bo pulliehed asnnonthly magazine, at $4a year, Thuconteu uf (ho prosant. number arg oy Tollows: +'Out of London, " by Julfun Huwthornes *'Avice Gray," Chapters L.-1V. § **Slx Hulely,"" by Wirt Sikes; VA orrest-Rotreat, " by Chrfatiun’ Reld; Hoclely Lioh,” by Albert Rliodes; * Heatnd ‘cences of Flity Yearsi™ **Two 1{uly Motuts, by B F. Do Costa (listrated): *Cinlzettolt oniy o Drakesuan, " by Constancs ¥, Woe)- son; “Eanta Barbers, " by Albcrt F. Websters #Gutdo da Polenta's Daugliter, ¥ by Suntus Hourl Peowno: * Ghayters on Modle, " by Juues E. Froman; *‘Gubelln Topestry.” by Luc Tovper; "4 Fallen Fortunes, ' by Jusien Fayni **53¢'s Dechives, ™ by M. , crutolo Art at tho Exbibition "+ Marlanne, " by George Bund; +*A" Barn-Yurd Eclozue, " by Bagar Fuw- .eolt; *fu-Doens aud Out-of-Door: Younang; **'Ths Slege of Berlin 'fablo;" ¢4 Wew Books. ' onthly for July (Job Poller's Amerlegu n E. Tot- ter & Go., Philadelphin), Contentazs*sThe Hila- _ twrle Bulldines pf Ameriga: X1X. Lndepeuds ence Mall," by Henron J. Toealng: **Patrick Henry—the Farllest Advacate of Indeépendence, by WIH Wirt Henr; the Il of tha *Masterly Pen.” by Nellle A Hevolutlonary Game of Carile, ' by rlo At Leer +STiue_ Doty Tavarn, » by n. Huntoons **story and Bomininceneen of the Phlludelphia Navs-Yard: VIf., by Henry M. Vailette; **Skelchies of Celebrafed Women: YoM, Ko, Wlto Gep, Henry Knox, vy Mra, ¥ Fale ¥ the Hevolntion, h{ Dat and Marrled, " by Hosn N Mnlra—Somchody Oller than Vous atd Querles **Current Memoranda. raty ol Art’ Mamorandn s+ Centennal Xpo- ~one sition Memoranda." The number has thirty- Hinatrations, &t,, Alckolas for July ¢Seribner & Co., Now York). July (I+puslic Publiehing Company, it for July (Camphell & Co., New ork). Zittelt's Liring Age—current nombers (Littell & Gay, Noston), : Laris's National Magesine for duly (Brown & Stiter, Toledo, 0.y~ Al ey LITERARY NOTES, A new volume by Thowmas Wentworth Higgin- son Is announced. A fae-simile reproduction of the first editiom of % Parndise Lost " {s about to Le published In London, The late Lord Amberley’s work, ¥An Analy- sis of Religious Bellef,” has appeared In Lon- don, In Lwo volumes. “Islmacl; ory In the Depthe,” Mrs. South- worth's recently published novel, has nlready feong to a Reventls editlons whilo ¢ Scif-Ralsed: ory Frowm the Dopthe, ith sequel, fs=ucd several weeks Inter, §s already in ite 0th cdition, © Tnthe Allantic for August, Gen IToward will degerihe the Battle of Cattancoga. “The number will nlso contain an geeount of his visit to Jeru- ealetn, by Charles Dudley Warner; o paper on the Arthurind, h}' Miss Freston; and u short Comedy by W, D. Howells, George Sand’s sudden fllness was bronght on by working, ngainat advice, when but stightly Tidisposed. She was never given to taking care of hersell In n hyelenie way, * In her latest pub- Hshed work, describing u gramd sunset, slic enys she was entreated to leave the window from fear of eatehing coldd; “But what matters o running nll. lhorzmm compared with my rapt contemplu- tions ‘The Bombay ngent of the Thakore of Bhow- nuggoer has ect Limaclf to translating Into_Gu- Jeratl Queen Victoria’s * Leaves from the Jour- nal of Our Life in the Highlands,"—having in- veleled 8ir Bartle Frerve Into fnducing the Prince of Wules to nllow its dedication to hlmself. The Atheneum’s Bombay correrpondent thinks the transaction absurd.” However interesting to Englishmen, 1t witl be ridiculous to Hindus, whose fdeas of Royalty differ. “ How," won- ders this writer, Swill ¢Berty? and < Vie? be translated by the Parzee?” Col. C. Cholile Long, of the Egyptlan staff, has In press no pecpunt, of expeditions made by him futo Central Afriea, under the command of Col. C, E. Gordon. The chief expedition was to the Lake Victorla Nyanza, and he resided some time with King Mttsa a few munths prior to Mr. H. M. Stanley’s arrival there. o re- turned northward by the Vietoria River to AMnooll, thus conneetinz and fdentifying it with the White Nile. Ou this journey, ‘which had never before beeu'performed by n white man, he discovered Lake Ibruhim. * Col. Long also mudo sone Important expeditions west of tho Bahrel Abind (White Nile), In the countrics of Makrakn and Mam-Nlam. ¥ Michel Levy,.dn Paris, has just published o novel by the well-known writer Louls Ulbach, entitled “La Contesse de Thyrnau,” which proves to be an almost literal transiation of the third volume of 2 German novel written more than thirty years ago by Madame Panlzow, and fssued ander the title of “Thomas Thyrau.” This discovery tins led to the further disclosure that the fivet and !cq?ml volumes of “Thomas Thyrnau " have alsd mL'n[PIrntcd by Mr. Ulhach, and ure cntitled “La Princessc Moru® an “ Magda.” A comle feature of this wholesalo ploglarisin §s the, announcement on the title- pages of the threo French volmnes that % The right of trauslation is reserved by the author.” Fuhmn'? 1877, is the bl-centenary of Splnoza's death, und ft 13 proposed toercet n statue of him ut Tho Ifagu, 1t possible i eiziit of tho spot where he spent the lust ten or twelve yeors of Iiix short Mie, and wrote the works which were 1o be his leguey to mankind. Dr, Hutebison Sterling, the London Atheneum says, has with his usual promptitude sct to work and collected Aubseriptions, forthe proposed monwment,which have been lmmm?Lc&l, to Holland, A commit- tee hns algo been formed In London, and among the supportera of the echieme are . E. Grant Dafl, the Tion Justice Groove, Matthew Arnold, J. A¢ Froude, 1erhert. Spenver, Prof, 1lusley, Trof. W. K. Cliford, Mr, Martineau, and the Musterof Ballol. ’ Tho Conaregational Publishing Soclety pro- 108w, if snfllclent vintouragement by subseription a given them, to lssue o ¥ Centenniul edition of the works of the most important of the New Tuglund theologions. ‘Thetr plan embraces slx- teen volumes, which they will eell for 820, ‘They will also recelvu suliscriptions forsinglo sets of an author or eingle volumes at $1.50 per volume. The works are those of Dr, Joscph Tellumy, fn two volumess Thomas Shepard, pastor of tho First Cluwrch In Cambridge, thres volmmer Dr. Samuel Hopkins, three volumes; WThe Qreat’ Awakoning,” by Joseph Tracy, one volmine; " Thp Atonement,” dlscourses mid treatises by Edwards, Smalloy, and others, one volume; and the works of Dr, Nathanlel Em- mons, wlx voltieh, Robert Clarke & Co,, of thls city, for curly publicatfon *The Life, Publle Servie and Specches of K. B, Hayes, by J. Q. Howard Ar, Howard Is a gentlennun well inowa in Ohlo, and partlewlarly at. Columbus, 03 a Republicud Journallst, having heen soine o0 aesock nted with Gen, Cumly {n the conduct of the Ohlo State Jotrnaly of whieh s more recently served ‘Washington correspoudent, Ti1s politieal Tnowledge 18 extensive, s judgment carcful, his Hierary ability good, and there Is no reason Lt that the work which he has undertaken will be i every way worthy of [ty subject, uml the cause represented, That It Is bégun and wil nprcnr under the speclal sanction of Gov, Hayes lhnu\lltla additional guarantyandrecomn- wendation,—Cinel annotinee nclinali Commerclal, A collection of works has lately been added 1o the Lrittsh Muscum from the library of A, ¥, I, Behnelder, of Dertin, made up of Refor- mation literature, and consldered unique In its kind, The works’ nre 2,800 fn number, and comprise “the controverslal writings of tho Reformers In orlzinol editions; the articles, con- fesslons of falth, and furmularies of the varl- ous churches; the eqpferences and disputations between diiferent religlous parties; psalters, hymnals, and service-books,” “The collection {8 gald to be particularly rich in materials for tho hiatory of the Anabaptists,” comprising about 100 worka of this clugs, many of Frctn varlety, and ineluding o complete set of the wrltings of ‘Fhomas Munzer, the Auabaptist leader, Who placed himself it the liead of the peasaats urjng tho troubles of 15 PAMILIAR TALK. THE PAPUANS, [ Continned from Junei,) The villages of the Papuans qn the Astrolalic Qulf are ot visible from the sca-slde, thy lux- urfant vegetation of the const Wdlug them from view, Thelr presenco is betrayed by the proups of cocoanut-pajms in whose shelter they stand. Ench village compriscs 4 ¢juster of huts, clreling around an open juclosure, and connceting by paths. Thehuts are woll-bullt of batnboo, or of tho stalks of sago-palm Jeaves, Tho wulls aro not above 18 inches high, snd support a tall, sloping roof, that bulges out readily jn order to shed the ratu, The door §s ralsed & foot-and-a- half from tho ground, to prevent the Ingress of dogs and pligs, und Is sometimes shaded by on cave-like projection from thy yoaf, The In- terdur.of the hut {3 small and dark, and I8 de- vold of furpiture, witl tho exception of a couple of spears und somo other implements of war or of the chase, and a cluster of lovks suspended froin the centre of the roofy on which are hung varlous erticles of fuod wrapped up in lcayes, and thus secured from the mlce, ‘Tl huts are of $hreo kinda,—those Intended for sfuglo persons, thoss for famllics, and the Yuambramra, which s usxl only by the youths of the village, aucd by puy strangers thut nay be entertained by the niceple, Near each hut stands o kind of bonch or table, on which the meala of the men are served, and on which they reclineaftereating, Thewomen nevorsitwiththe wmen ot this table, but take phefr food with thelr children, on the ground, At tho buqmbramra 13 placed the barvemy—a kind of gung,—wljich 13 sounded to call the surrounding villyrers on the occasfon of o feast, of a death, or of the - vaslon of an enemy, ¢ 18 {n form ko a thick- slided bos Jug upon trestics, is struck with a he ‘l‘fiu tong produced fs dull but penetrating, sod may bo heard for 5 or § miles around. . ‘The inhubltauts of the coast h;wu no jneans of creating fire, and therefore carefully pr{'wvvu It n their vlllm v’,fim‘mho_\n with'them m(u In thelr plantations, or at night when on thelr tours iy from the villages, Fires aro kept under thelr sleeplng places during the night, and the waemth creepa up through the lnotmiv- Tramed bambos hudsteads, and l-umi neates in umensure for seanty clothing, Thedwellers on the mountaina understand the art of striking fire by the frietlon of two pleceaof hard wood, The procees Is tedinug, eonisuming nearlya half- Dionry and {3 not practiced by the peoplé on the const. ‘I'ne gardena or plantations of the Papuans are at some distance fiom thelr villager, cune cealed for security i the junsle. The cultl- vated tll[lfll'oli incloted with'n hedze made of o Kind of sugar-cane, with growing vines uniting their stems, and elothing then with green drapery, ‘The garders ure planted with bananas, rugar<ane, yams, aml colocasia. The touls with which™ the land fs tilled conslst of o strong stick, sharpened ot one end, dnd about 6 fect Tongg, whizh 1s the fmplement used by the men; and a kinig of rude spiule, which Ir handled by the womer. Every day the wonien, who are the Papuan behsts of burden, go out to the plantations and bring i the frult and fout which Is to compuse_ the esening and morning meals of thetr householde, No system of harter or trade prevatls among tae Papuuns,—thc ex- chanizea which are made between the coast and the mountaln people helnr purcly fn the form of glfts, Nelzhboring vitluges visiting cach other Lestow and aceept presents, but with no seem- ‘nu. flea of maintalning a Dalauce of cquiva- ente, Canoes are not eommonly possessed hy the people, us the surf along the coast Is too heavy to he navigable, They ofe hewn out of a treetrunk, furplshel with an outrlg- ger, uud nanned by two rowers, ‘The sull [s made of o et manufactured from the scrow-pine, and tho sheets and shrouds are formed of split bamboo and vine stems, A por- ton of a tree-tennk encircled with branches cut short and sharpened for the *flukes,” and hav- e gtones nttached for a weight, scrves as an anchior, aud completes the outfit of these light- salling eraft. The Papuans do not make ex- tended voyazes, but are able to face most unfa- vorable winds, and cosst about among the near surrounding fslands. The nlmbitant of the Malay coast is o monogamist, aud zenerally fafthful to the mar- rlage-contract. 1le takes u_ wife i his enrly youth, amd treats her kindly; that ls, if she works well, and is afMlicted with no disabllity, such s fil-heaith or lameners, to interfere with her usefuluess, Jie keeps lier through life, and does not beat her. Should she fall, however, to fulfill what is considered her duty, she is di- voreedwithouteeremony.On the event of hismar- rloge, the Papunn bridegroom makes a few pres- ents to the tamily of the brides o feast l9 pro- vided, for which o plg or n dog furnishes the baked meats; and he takes bis wife home to hls Imt. _Theneeforth shie [shismenlal and servitor, The Papuans luve few children, and these are ehicerful and good-natured. What Is remnrin- ble among eavages, they have toys to vlny with, —minlature canoea aud tops. The hoys join In thelr futher’s puisuita ot o tender uwe, assisting hitn In the light duties and In the [dle pleasures which 11} hislife. “The day of the Papuan.’ saye Mr, Calton, “begiug with the carly dawn; and he loves the crow of the cack, which heralds the approachi of day. Even If hie has nothing prrtieular to do, off ho goca to the shore, while it is vet dusl, enveloped in his mal (walst-cloth),'and with chattering teeth awaits the suorise.. Wlhen his wife Is already off to the plantation, hie Hnzers over his breakfost, and then . either chews betel or smokesa green cigar. About 10 o'clock the men depart to their various occupatlonss and, if o visit be paid to a village at noon, not n human belng will be secn, but a dog or two will come out and inspect the intruder, and then disappear ngratn. About 4 or Gin the afternoon, thie nen return, ilrlppin{t from their dafly Lath, In epito of numerots skin direases, the Papunns can scarcely be termed dirty) for they daily, often several times a dey, take a bath, and rub their skin with sand or ggrass. Later on, fn the evening, come thelr wives, sweating and stag- gering under thelr icavy burdene.' Supper is now the business of tho hour, and Into une carthen vessel arc thrown whateyver materfals have been seenred for the family- larder, Coloeasfu rootsund yams form the buik uf the pot-pourri; ond sunils, beetles, crabs, caterpillars, snd = lzards afford the semsoning. Water, one-third from the sea, i3 poured over the whole, green leaves fur- nish a covering, and the pot' is put on to boil. When ready to serve, the Papunu appropriates the best portiun of the dish for himself und his uest, if hic have one, and bestows therefuse on ifg wife and children. At the clexe of his meal, hie takes s guid of betel, or smokes a green cl- gar, then kindles a fire under his bedstend and Tetlres to rest. What disposition his wife ana children make of themselves for the night, our Nistorlun docs not relute: but the nboveis a sketeh in briefof the dally round of tlic lordly Papuan's life. . i WILLIAM ELLERY. Willlam Ellery, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, at the age of 93 closcd his active and useful life in an cosy and natural death, peaccful and palnless as an fo- fant's sleep,—a verltable eathannsin. Ho wus born in Newport, R. L., {n 1727, auft there de- ceased {n 1820. Io was o graduate of Harvard, for s number of years a uerchant, and after- wards a successful lnwyer. In 1776 he was sent as a delegate from Rliode Island to the Congress convened at Philadelphia, and for clght years he served in that Ledy with ability and fidelity, Four years after retiring to private life, he was appolited Collector of Newport by President Waushington, and retained the oflice untfl re- moved by death. s personal integrity, hs pleasing social qualities, and his fine intellectunl endownients gained him the high esteem of the community in which he lved; while the part which he took in the period of the Revolution gave hisname n Insting Wistorical interest, The final scenes in the Jife of Mr, Ellery are deseribed in a letter dated Ncl\'flnrl, lhlr“ 4 Niles 1820, which is Prcsr:rvcd in_Ilezckls 4 Acts and Prineiples of the Revolutin deture presented of o gentle and ¢ death-bed s edifying to l.'fl"l(!"i‘lll"“a O Mr. Eilery,” so runs the mirsive, ‘*dicd ke a }fl.(losophur. In truth, death, in its common orm, never came near im. 1118 strength wasted gradually for the last year, until he bad not enough Teft to draw in” his' breath, and so he ceased to breathe. The day on_whieh he dled, he got up as usual and dressed himaclf, took his old tlag-bottomed chalr, without arms, In which he had sut. for more thau balf _century, and wos readlng Tully’s Ofices, fu the Latli, without glasses, though the int Wi us fine as that of the swnallest pocket-Bible, Dr, W. stopped I on s way to_the hospltal, s he usually did; and, on perceiving the old gentle- man could scarcely raise his oyelids to look et Nhihm, took bis band aud fiund that his pulse was gono, After drinking o little wine and water, Dr. W, told hlin his pulse beat stronger, ‘0, yes, Doctor, I have o charm- Imi(pulm:. But,' lie continued, *it s fdle to tulk tome in this way; Tam g“h"i oft the stage of life, ind i€ 18 o gréat blessing thut T go fro from slckness, pain, and sorrow.’ Some time after his daughter, fnding bim become ex- tn-nwl{ weak, wished him to be put to hed, which he ot tirst objected to, saying be felt no [:-.\In, and there was no oceasion for s golng to el Presently after, however, fearlng he might pogsibly fall out of hischair, he told them they might gt hiin upright in- the bed, so that he coutd continue to read, They did so, awd he continued reading Cleero very quletly for some thmes presently they looked at hini and found Tim dead, sitting In tho snme posture, with the boak under his ¢hin, 04 u nian who' becomes drowsy and gues to sleep.” —— SPARKS 01' SCIENCE. THE SEYCIIELLES ISLANDS, The Seychelles Islands comprise n group of abont thirty lsles, situated aluost i the centre of the Didlan Ocean, from 32 to 53 south ot the Equator, The islands were discovered by the carly Portumucse navigators, shortly after their first voyago to Indis, and sgero callea by thewn the Isles of Mascarenhas,—a title subsc- quently changed by the Freneh in hunor of Count Herault do Seychetles, They were first settled by the French In 1756, but fell nto the Hands of the English carly In the present cens tury, and now form pho chief dependency of the Colony of Maurltius, Mahe, the longest fsland of thy group, s 15 miles long, und from 3 to miles broad, and containa the scat of govern- ment, The Islands next In size are Prastiv, Sli- houette, La Digue, Curleuse,jFellcite, Aux Frig- ates, Bt. Amne, and Aux Cerfs. These have been pecently explored by My, J. Torne, the Bub-Director of the Royal Botanlcal Gardens uz Mauritiiss, and an abstrack of his report upon }lmlr productions, which is printed In Nature, urnishes most of the following Items: ‘The Beychelles Islands bavo but two seasons, —tho wet and the dry,~the first extending from Qetober to Aprll, and the second filling the re- malyder of the year. During the wot season, tho raln-fall averagres 04 Inchies, or S feet. The cllmate ts healthful, wud, in tho upper valleys, yory delightful. Tho {slands ure mountuinous, —some of them rising [n ubrupt precipliees di- W adapted to tho growth of all teopical plantss yet much of It {s unenltivated, on nccount of tho #carcity of Jabor,—the fnhabitants beng: too poor,or Lov Inzy to ti the land, and forelen 1a- horers not yet belng introduced in sufficient numbers to put the whole area under profitablo crops. e fibre and ofl of the cocoanut arc the clifef roductions of the istands. The oll 1s extracted rom the nut by pressure,—the yickd belng about aqunrt froin seven or elght “nuts. The fire §s obtained from the husks of the nut, which are steeped In water for stonthis, and then beaten with o stick until the Gbre separates. ‘Tho lantations of the covonnut-palin_ nre increns. gty and thrive equally wellat alevel with the sea amint annititude of from 1,000 Lo 1,50 fect, Cotton, sugar, and tobaceo were formerly large- 1y cultivated ; but thele growth §s now neglected, Malze and rice also recefve little attention, al- though two crops annually could caslly Lo huryested, As the Scychelles are not visited by the hurrieanca which devastate neighboring tslands, they are peeullarly mlul;l ed to the cul- ture of vegetable deuru, and none of these are more vuluable than the spices, Cloves, clanaimon, nutmeg, allsplee, and pep- rer flotirish luxuclantly, The clove-tree rears ts beautiiul crown of “evergreen foliaga to n hielght of from 40 to 5) feet; but the cloves—its Aower-bude—are collected by the (slanders (0 o reckless manner, the trees helng felled, without regard to thelr deatruction, In order to gather the eloves that might be reached by bamboo- laddera, The straggling, climbing stirubs of the }wpuur(l‘llw nl,vrum? cover the rocks with cstoons of verdure, which, in the frufting sea- son, are enlivened with splkes of Dright red berries, These turn black in drying. Pine- apples arc abundant, but of inferfor “quality: orunges are, on the contrary, of the finest flavor, Limes, ananas, bread-frutt, bigaradcs, and other tropieal frults, arc also common. Vegetables are scarce, for want ol cultivatfon; yetthe sweet potato and manfoe are abundunt. The tubers af the Colocasia esculenta form the chief food of the inhabitants. Mr, Horne vollected about 400 specfes of plants in the Scychelles, one-half of which are cominon to tropfeal countries. The flora of the 1slunds is Hmited, and, in the oplnion of the col- tector, more nearly related to that of Mulagas- car than of Maurliius, One of the most futer- ul|n$ plants In the flors is the Double Cocon- nut (fodoleea Sticlm‘luruu), which 18 allied to the magnificent Palmyra palm, but it {s pecu- Har o the Seychelles. The tree ETOWE 1o 1 Lclght of 60 or B0 fect, and {8 surmounted with n tuft of inmense leaves. Thesc are used for n great varfety of purposes, us are the leaves of other palmis. The terminal bud Is eaten nan vegetable. The frult Is shaped Uke aclon, 12 or 18 Inches lon%, and has a green husk. The in- terlor is filled af first witlt o white, sweet Jelly, which hardens futo a nut-like Ivory, A trie growlug near the Government House at Port Victorfa, on Malic, blossomed for the first time when about three or four years old. Fourother specles of palm are natlvé lo bhe Seychlles. The fslands sbound in useful tmber-trecs, which, with thelr epeclul uses, are described I?' Mr. Home, ‘The ordeal-nut, (Tanghiula eceventz fera) uf Madazascar is found in the forests, It 18 n polsunous tree of the order Apocynacee ; and the keruel of the fruit,-not larger than un ai- mond, contains venom cnough 1o kill twenty Qvnnua. The mit ‘wns formerly used i Madagasear to test the pullt of susjiceted erim- fnals.” The tree grows about 20 feet higly, and Lears large clusters of white flowers with n pinkish centre. Plteher-plants, serew-pines, and specics of the Lorenthus—a genus of parusltical plants rimilar to the mistictoe—are common, and ferns tolerably so. Unless some means are taken by the British Government to protect the Scychelles palm, u double cacoa-nut, 1t Is feared that the species will Lecome extinet, ns this, in comman with other trees, fs ruthlessly cut down Ly the Inhabitants when suy portlon of ite product may be wanted. —— FLORA ROUND ABOUT CITICAGO. Tue Warer-LiLy - FAMiLY,~The beautiful white Water-Lily unfoldsitsstafnless petalsatan carly hour {n the morning, and, resting its falr corolln on the busu‘m of the quict waters, floats iu stlllness and peaco until the evening,—un cx- quisite emblem of meekness and purlty. The season of its bloom losts from Junc until Sep- tember, and its haunts are the placid ponds and streams fn all directions around us. The Sweet- Scented Water-Lily (Vymphia odorata) Is rare inour vicinity, but Prof. Babcock notes ita oo currence at Tolleaton; Ind, In somo locallties in the Eustern States, the flowers of this species are s deep rose-color. In St John's River, Florlla, specimens of o Nymphea have been gathered thut were ‘a_bright yellow. Tho Tuber-Bearing Water-LRy: (V. tubervsa) fs our | moet ahundant specles. It Ix always white, and {8 equnlly superb with tib other, but it {s scent- less, or, In other wonls, It has no soul, That fragrant breath by which flowers reveal their essentinl, indlvidual charseter, I8 wanting fn this elegant pearl,—leaving it to be admiredl o8 we admire u lovely statuej.cold and marble- hearted, or o beautiful, mindless wonan, with features “ fauitily faultless, fclly regular, splen- didly null? ‘The magnlficent Tictorfa regia, the gigantic Water-Lily of the_Bouth Amerlcan rivers, is near of kin to our Nympheads, The Jeaves of this colossal plant are from 5 to 6 fect iy dlam- cter, and have o rim trom 3 to 5 inches high clreling the outer edge, and making the wh ke a huge green platter, The ribs and veins ure #o strongg that whter-birds patter about on thefr Jeaves without any danger of sinking thelr curlous rafts. e expunded flowers sometimes measure 23 Inches ncross, The petals number several hundred, and pi by o delleate gradation of color, from a puro white iy the outer eircles to u rvich pink fu the centre, The Victorin I8 in every respect o voyal flower, widing to beauty of thit und form the exquisite grace of fragrance. ‘The Yehlow Pond-Lilies, of which wo have one specles, the Nuphar adrena, camiot bonst of the Toveliness of thelr fale sistéra; yet are they not destitute of ull faculty for ormamentation, s thelr shawy hue lends’a strong tone to ), grand color-symphony, The Nupha ull summer, aiid Is met with everswhere. In Calumet and Wolf Lakes ‘the Nelumbo (Nelusnbluns luteurn) grows sparingly, blossom- ing from June to August. The flowers of this £petles are a delfeate yellow, with the delicious lmr\'uuw of the bireh.” They ure from & to 10 nches broad; while the leaves, which etand high up out of the water, are from 1 to 3 feet In di- nmeter. These lust ure clrenlar in shape, and depressed fn the ventre, fn the mauner ' of n bowl, 'Tho seeds are lurge a8 acorns, and are edible. "The Ndumblum apeclorum, which has pink flowers, and grows in Ceylon and in South- cron Astu, {s tie Egyptlan beun of Pythuvoras, The WY, fotua, which varies from white'to red, Is tho aacred flower of the Hindus, und theirdeitles ure often represented sltting on tho Lily itsclf, or upon a throno haviug {ts shape. Aniong the Chlnese, also, it 13 held in high regard,” aml esteemed the symbol of femmls beanty, The small fect of the Chineso women are called kin leen, or polden 1lies," The plant i largely cultivated in Enstern and Southern Asia,—its roots, stems, und seeds ho- Iug used for food. The roots contain a valuable store of starch, and ure served fn slices, ure wiado futo u plekle, and, powdered, foru, with milk or water, an excellont soup. The secds ure eafd to linve n taste more delleato thay al- monds. The method of sowlng the plant 1s to envelope cach seeil in o' ball of clay, and throw it into the water. This practice has come down from the auclent Egyptian to the Astatic of the resent day, The seeds of the Yellow Pond- Lllles ure caten by the natives of varlous coun- trles, The wholesome nourishment obtatned from the seeds of the Victoria las caused the plant to be named Water-Matzo o Bouth Aer- e, The root-steelis of several speeles of tho White Water-LAly uro prized us fond by different ruces. The negroes of Benegul boll und roast them liko potatoes, The Water-Shicld (Brasenls peltata) may he found in the ponds near Millep's Station, on th Michigan Bouthern Railrond. * Its oval, peltate leaves, from 2108 fuchies across, float an the water, and from their axils arlse the small, dulle pugplé fowers The Water-Lily family, or Nymphacacee, 1s not large, Including fi all ubout U6 specles, They are widely «istributed over the globe, temperate and torrdd regious, aud, as we huve ween, five sepresentatiyes uro embruced fu the Chicago flora. 3 P BRIEF NOTES, Prof. Jonstrup, M. Fleldberg, surveyor, and M. Grolund, botanlst, left Leith on the2d of June for Iceland, where they will be jofned by Licut, Njdaly aml muke an expedition to the sceno of the recent voleanie eruption, In nuzlchlf the many aunouncements of sum- mer-clusses fu the scfentllle departents of our higher senools, for the especlal benetit of teache erd, Vature remarks: %The Amerlcans certaln- 1 'L e to be ahead of us in the opportunitics they devise for varfed practical sclentific work." ol it S bbb A Now Distnfuotunt, New York Heald, Experiment were wnde fu(urdny on Black- well’s Ialand with o now dlsinfectant called tho Glrondin, Apun(ylulnunllunmn asacmbled In | 1 the Charity Huspilal, After ushort explunation of the quulitics of thoe dlslnfectant by My, Juines Muyery Jr, the party wus bronght o un cpty ward on tho third story. This ward las been fillsd with sulphurctted_hydrogen gas. Tne party wer eseorted {oside tonoto th effect, \ml the effect on thelr olfactorles was so strong 1] rectly from the sea, Tho hlighest peak fo the | thut somy of them were glad to retive. Tho dis: Telaud of Mabio s’ an clevation 0f 3,000 fuets | infecting apparatus was then got in order, and ayd one, on_ Bilhouctte, lifts its head skyward | after it fiod completely sprinklal the rwom with S0 foat, Tis Jands 'on_the othier lsluids do | the dlsinfectant tho fusestigating s Lty Al S fust o T godd o omtibmnn Lssaticd g00tob o s o8 (a2l TS room, snuffed of the alr, and expressed them- felscnna perfoetly satisled Wik the et o the experfment. ‘It was then lxrn posedd Lo put tha Inventlon to even a hander test. Thu Irnly ol n man whe was drowned, and which had beei in the water Len days, “was lying Inthe deads house ott the caat aide of the faland. This hixly was fort! fnim liours vut of the water, and di- cotnposition had sct In, ~ When the party reactied the dead-lyse the stench waus plalnly purceptis Dle, even on - the outalde, though the door of the bullding were closed, Severnl memberes of the party venturod In, but retired n nulek order, The disinfectant wns then npplied, the room was thoruuehly sprinkled with ft and the body cut open and wnuantity of the finfil Jrouted Into It Within ten minutes all entered Iito the dead-house with impunity and found tut a very ll'il{hl. otlor exiating, 5 llulznl)lriilndlu l‘l‘llllnfclclnnb {8 n solution of clallic ralts—naniely, zite, copper, buryta, an phenle acfd. ! neathe b agand, SERI0US RIOTS IN CRILI, Valparalso aud Santiago 1old by o Mob for Two Days, Aan Frneisen Cironlcle, Files of Chillan journals recetved by the Tast steamer contain lenzthy accounts of the serfous political riots which oceurred at the local elece tions hietd {n Santiago and Valparaiso, the two most populous eities in the Kepublle, Consfde erable excitemont prevatled for several days pres vious to the clections, and trouble was expected in Santiago on the 16th of April, clection day, But thc voting was condlicted with ndmirablo order, except ut one polling-place where a gang of rufilans connected with the secret police ntade an nssault on the judge of electiona and bis nasistants, El Wercurio, nleading Conscrva- tise journal, speaking of the affalr, tells what Tollows: **On the 17th the fudge continued his func- tions, and - wns not disturbed untli abont 1 o'clock in the afterunon, when a lange erowd of blackguards, lieaded by gome appavently respecte able ien on horseback, attacked the voting L\mvc or if thoy wished to carry off the ballote o, The oflicinls, with the box and regleter. book, took refuge In the first court-yard of the Mititary schoul, but were drlven futo the sccond or grent court, “Tlic {nfurlated crowd outslde, excited by their leaders, hepan a discharge of stones, which continued untii the door of the Military school was completely smashed to pleces, dud thus they penctratéd the flest court-yard, Thera they found themselves {n front of the gato which n'Pnrnh:! the lirat from the second court, and tried ta break [t down with atones, They only suceceded, however, in making great hioles init. Inthis critleal situation, nn}:l when the nsaallants were on the. ‘\ulnl. of pouring fnto the recondd court, the Dircetor of the Militor) sthool, Brigadier-tiencral Esenln, determined that he would make the fnvading ruifians re. apect that sanctunry. 1le gave orders to the cadets to form with londed muskets. As the rain of stoncs aud hullets was kept up by tho mob, Gen. Escnla ondered the cadets to” dise charge thelr urms through the openings of the ysecond door one by onc,ns he ealled” them b& name, on the assaulting horde. Ile proceedes thus slowly, luflxiug to frighten the mab, but without - effect, ile suw that all that ' was obtalned was $he withdrawal of the moh from the first court, while those composin it continucd to discharge stones and oceasfonal bullets, Tiwelve endets were next placed in Iine and opencd a volley on the crawd, At this Juncture o foree of chaescurs arrived on the outside of the sehool, and placlng themselves ncrngss the street captured the ringfeadera of the mob, “Unfortunately three were killed and several wounded in the 1y, and atnong the wounded waa onc of the ringlenders. After this scenc of bloodshed, which mizht, after all, have lnd nore fatal consequences, the military clearel the strect, and the balloting oflicers returned to thelr duty, An hour after the scrutlny of the clection at that table took place, and the num- ber of votes for independent candldates greatly exceeded thoso for the government party “The Jtebubllea, a semi-official p:s)cr, trics to show that theriot was theresult of the sctlon of Gen, Escala, and went even so far os to accuse hlm of murder. An indignation meeting was called to protest agalnst his conduct, but “noth- Ing came of it. Political questions are helng debated with fnereased vizor cvery day, There are two powers strupgling for mastery, On tho one slde the great majority of citizens who de- aire respect for the right accorded by law ta choase thelr ucvrncnutlvu, and the other sldg the President of the Republie, his Cabinct, and lmny, who are trylng to defraud the people of lefr rights. Hence the tunnoll we witness daily and the blood nlrendy sacrificed,” “'The scencs In Valparafso were very exciting. The fntendente, Don Franclsco Echaiirreh, sec- ing that one of hisopponcnts, Don Acasto Cota- pos, wae likely to be eclecterl, gave onders ta closa the polls untll the following day, This could anly be done by law under two cireums -stances, ricither of which could be eited by the intendente in his lllr:qul conduct, Trouble'ther. comnenced at the polls, and to make the situa. tlon worse o Lientenant of Talice named Espindala drew his sword and commenced Yo hack away at the qvuplu who sur- rounded the efection table, Thu commandanta of the marine artillery, with the troops under his command, tried to” reatore orler, but it was too Jate. * The populace had llmnéy torn the stones from tho street and sent them whistlin 2] atel. and fiylng around the heads of ElF!mlolu an his followers. 'This continued until the Licuten- ant and those with him wero compelled to fics for their lives, amidst a shower of stones. Im- mediately after the police was drawn off onder was restored, and two companics of marino ar- tillery arrived and were enthusiastically hur ralied by the excited populace. Behfnd the are tillery vanic n comy ung of mounted police, which was received with hilsses and crigs ‘Down with the police At this moment " the fury of the people bLeeamo intense, and stones commenced to fly about flercely, because the Pullw tried to restore calm by ruuniog theie lorses over the multitude. Aftér many cfforts order was agaln restored, owing in great part to the cool cournge of Commander Ekera and the admirsble: behovlor of his troops. But this peace was of short duration, ** Anothier squad of mounted pollce appeared on the scene at this moment with the purpose of putting down the mob. The hisses uud {nsults, with stone-pelting, began again when the police made un gssault upon_the Pcnplc. discharging thelr carlines in all dircetions, The mob, on belng thus attacked, ralned showers of stuncs upon the pollee,. It ‘was shocking to seo how the police dashed down men, women, and children, the innocent and the gulity allke, tleallng out blows furiously with the butt end of thelr carbines, But In spite of the brutality of the police, the immense crowd nssembled at the time, and estimated at 4,000, fled from one street to another, hurling stones at the polics whenever pnnslbiu wud yelling with mndnuss. The troopa found it impossible to quell the mob or lfapersc ft, fn spite of tho advice and lenicnc, of the oflicers of marino artillery und the lavish usc of brute forco by the police. If the groups of rloters were broken up ut one place, they qulckly assembled ut another. In this earnival of WIKI passion the brulsed and {njured ¢, 43 Iy naturally be supposed, very nu- nerous, Strauge to gny there.were not many killed. During the ufghi there was an ominous sort of quictuess, like the pecullar calmuess before u storm, The next day the clection of- fleors agafn et to rccommnenco thelr fuuce tlons, but the great crowd was at its poat early In the day, and the oflicers were too " fudmidated fo nct, olthough from 400 t 00 men, troopa of the llne and pollve, were placed at thoe precinets of the votlng-places, 'lie ullleers then retired ta o private house, and there mnde up thelr returns. Of course the affaly was a farce, but the documeuts were sent to u Notary ncu\'lthnnndmg. ‘The farce was rldiculous nud promoted by the intendentes for the purpose of excluding” Lls encmy Colapos from the muniefpal body, “ Tho events Just related caused o hr’ix um. Ler of peopls to be imprisoncd, and this was carrled out fn the most iniquitous manner b! the police of Valparaiso, a ly which, throug! len‘i: the blind fustrument In the intendente's hands to deprive the peoplo of thelr rights, hos become thoroughly odious to everybody. Qulet 'y b and peaceable citizens were drogiéd at midnight from thelr beds and hurried to tho fllthivst dungeons, surrounded by soldlers, us If they wero the most dangerous criinaly, Thé houses of others were broken open, doors and furnfture belng destroyed on the pretext of searching for hidden ayme. Beveral citizens shamefully treated fu this way weres set at 1b- crty by the criminsl Judge because not theleast fufringement of the law could bo brought against thy Btill they hod to endure nine days i a dithy prison. Bowe twenty remalu in l:om"' but it II’ belleved that justice will soon dono them, since they arc as innocent us those sct at liberty, Tho only partles responsi- ble for the outragoous sceues “witnessed lu Val- paratso with indignation on the 15th and 18th of April are tho inteodento nud his police. The shumeftu) abuses wo linve chronfeled huve caused 4 profgund scusation througliout tho Republlc* e — e A Western Fut Doy, singhunton (N, Y.) Revublican, A Wentirn Tl boy Was runaferred last Friday from the Erio brond-gauge to u frrow-guuge traln on the Lobigh Valley Hoad st Waverly. 1lis name 1s David arre, aud ho hutle fram ‘lllnols, He was un his way (0 the Centennlal, where be will exbibited. Il parcats, who are both amall pen- ple, e olnrllllcdhllu. ‘Thls Weateru fal boy fa 14 cars and (f wonths old, and weighs 475 pounds, fe tu 6 fect und 7 tuches tall, uicasures 3 feet and 4 {uclics acrovs Lls shoulders, uud glrta 9 feet and 7 Inches around bl bips. eccupied the wholy ! A o g, nosaiLihieanoh The i et i et g sl e et e o vt A S T e A e A T e 1 e e A e A A et P g e e e B BB bt AN b i