Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, June 4, 1876, Page 4

a THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, JUNE 4, 1876—SIXTEEN PAGES . have plucked up spirit to go for Eristus Corxmie, and the rest who in that State are hostile to TILDEN, in theliveliest fashion. If TrpEN were a bona fids reformer of the plucky sort, he would be quite sure of dis- tancing his competitors at St. Louis. It is true that he is put forward as such, which gives him what strength he has. Butit is @he Tribwne, TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. PATABLE IN ADVARCE—POSTAGE PREPAID AT TRIS OFPICE. ; Dally Edition, postpe il Ly s SIS0 | not forgotten, and Wizuam G. Farco and e e e T e Religiows Dodbis . | other of his associates among the New York nfi?f?;flv $.9 | Democracy have lately found occasion to re- * "Parts of year call, that Trpen stuck to Tweep until Qe copr. :;.rny&r‘ e A 1.50 | Tweep's fortunes began to wane, and that Dot P sor }g Trpex deferred his attack upon the Canal Clubof twehty, per: The postage 1s 15 cents s year, which we will prepay. Spectmen coples sent free. - To prevent delay and mistakes, be sure and give Post- ©fce address fn tull, lncluding State and County. Remitiances may be made either by draft, express, Post-Ottice order, or in registered letters, st ourrisk. & 7ERMS TO CITY SUBSCRIBERS. Daily, delivercd, Sundsy excepted, 25 cents per week. Dally, delivered, Sunday included, 30 cents per week Address THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Coruer Madison and Deasborn-sts., Chicsgo, IL s SOCIETY MEETINGS. 1T DEARBORN LODGE X0 214 L O. O. F.—All o are earnestly requested tobe present at the DAt mectug, Tuesday, June 6, for election of officers e e f thie utmost.importance Lo the Or- Gu, orher biatness of L O op o VEDAY, Secretary. ERS OF BRICELAYERS' UNION 0GB MENBRS R ol hersby siven thas the mectinz night bas been chan, from Tuesdsy 1 uy night. By order of the Committee. Next mecting June 10. S0 YETTE CHAPTER, XO. 2, R. A. ciening, Junes, uflndo‘rs::v s SpSeror e B P, Ring until that was bresking down under weight of its own infamy,~the which goes to show that his capital as a great reformer is rather slender. The latest peril that confronts us in our homes is the beef-poison, lorking in the pressed corned beef on the lunch-table. Numerous and mysterious cases of poisoning in New York and Boston have lately been traced to it, and, as will be seen from the re- ports which will be found in another column, several cases of beef-poisoning have already oceurred in this city. Thepoison, it appears, has been detected only in pressed -corned beef. It is supposed to have generated there because of the fact thet the meat was pressed before it had cooled after being boiled, so thatit was not wholly freed of air. Fermentation and decomposition consequent- ly ensued, doveloping a most dangerous virus, NTIOY, STRKNIGHTS—STATED CONCLAVE of O ass o man ey, Mo, 10, K. 1o Monday even. D S s i avatron. oy ordeor ot hEE G & Full atiendance RN Y. THOWBRIDGE, Eecardes. The Chicago produce marketswere steadier Saturday, with less doing, except in wheat and corn. Mess pork declined 15¢ per brl, closing at $17.77} for June and $17.95 for July. YLard declined 73@10c per 100 s, closing at $10.77@10.72} cash and $10.80 for July. Meats were firmer, at 63c for boxed shoulders, 94c for do short ribs, and 93c for do short clears. Lake freights werec moderately active and easier, at.2jc for wheat to Buffalo. Rail freights were quiet and unchangéd. Highwines were firm, at $1.09 per gallon. Flour was in light demand and steady. Whent advanced 1@1}¢, closing at $1.04 for June and $1.04 for July. Com was i@jc lower, closing at 43ic for June and 43}@4ic for July. Oats were §@}c higher, closing at 284cfor Juneand 28%c for July. Rye was steady at 68}c. Barley sold at 57c for June, and the lower grades were firmer. Hogs were quist and weak at Friday's de- cline, common toprims selling at $5.90@6.10. Cattle were in moderate local and shipping demand at about steady figures. Sheep were dull at $3.50@5.25 for common to choice. One hundred dollars in gold would buy $112.50 in greenbacks at the close. APOLLO COMMANDERY OF KNIGHTS TEMP- lar—There will be s Stated Conclave at the Asylom, 76 Monroe-st., oo Taesday evening, June 6, at 8 o'clock. Busipes—General amendment o Ly-iaws snd con- Jerriag the Ilustrious Order the Red 58, SIr Knights courteously invited. B.J. Pimrkzr MASONIC—CHICAGO CHAPTER No. 127, e T N og o manioss SOrIALY E 8 e companto Vi By o 3. HOLMES, 3L £, H. - iovited. By oder SUNDAY, JUNE 4, 1876. At the New York Gold Exchange on Satur- day greenbacks were worth 883@B88} cents on the dollar. The Mayoralty contest will be settled to- morrow by decision of the Circuit Court, by which both Messrs. Horse and Cornvix bave agreed to sbide. The opinion will be rendered, it is understood, by Judge Mc- Arusres, and by each side is claimed will bein its favor. * TThe sentence of the convicted members of the Chicago Whisky Ring was yesterday again deferred by Judge BropaerT of the United States Court. The order was made on application of counsel for WADSWORTE and CurzzeroN, who upon their own trisls desire to call a3 their witnesses the par- ties convicted, of whose testimony they asked they might not be deprived by the eatering of sentence on Wednesdsy next, as bad been fixed by the Court. Meanwhile the yparties convicted will remain at large npon bail. Yesterday, as will be seen from the report published in another column, was estab- tished the first organization in Chicago of the Knights of the Order of the Bun,—which Order, possibly, msy bear A prominent part in affairs at an early day. The Order, which originated in Nevada, and is being rapidly extended throughont the country, isdesigned to resist the threatened encroachment of the Papal power in the United States. From the fact that it is officered by Lieutenant, Major, and Brigadier-Generals, ete., it would seam to be a quasi-military organization. Mr. Brame's strongest friends pressed him yesterday to rise in his place and make s personal explanation, and have the captured letters read in open session of the Houmse. But he refused to do it, for reasons best known to himself. However he may manage to get out of this trouble, it is perfect non- sense to talk now of making him the Repub- lican candidate for President. The party cannot afford to be placed on the defensive, and go through the campsaign explaining, denying, and defending the wild-cat railroad- stock speculations of anybody. Mr. Bramve is smart enough to see that be would be dis- ustrously beaten and his party probably ruined. The export movement of grain from the United States to Europe is now unususlly active. From New York alone 1,186,000 ‘bushels of wheat were forwarded during the past week. Extraordinarily cheap freight rates in the interior form a powerful induce- ment to European buyers to take hold, but they would not buy the grain if they did not want it. There is 8 demand for large quen- tities of breadstuffs to meet current deficien- cies. This fact justifies the anticipation ex- pressed in our issue of April 19, at a time when the bearish feeling was so rampant in this conntry that even the farmers' papers found it difficelt to preach courage to their constituents, There is one significant circumstance con- nected with the mention of Mr. Branve's name 88 & candidate before the Cincinnati Convention which may now be noted with propriety. Xt isa fact that, while Mr. Bramwe at the first, and up to the time his reputation was tarnished with unbecoming stock trans. actions while Speaker of the House, was re- garded with favor by a large number of citi- zens in the Western and New England States, his name has always been received in sullen silence by the great mass of German voters. A few German politicians identified with the machine have declared for him, as they ‘would for anybody else in the interest of the machine ; but there has been no expression from the mass of German voters which could be construed as indicating even con- fidence, and certainly not enthusiasm, in Bramve as a Presidential candidate. Asitis no longer likely that Mr. Bramve will be a prominent candidate before the Cincinnati Convention, this may be stated now without prejudics to him, but as one of many circum- stances which tend to convince thinking Re- publicans that it will be possible to find & ‘much stronger candidate than Bramse would have been, even if he had not placed him- 'self in so unfortunate a position in regard to his railroad-stock operations. . THE DEMAND OF THE CAMPAIGR. Tre Crrcaco TrInuNE has displeased some honest but unreflecting Republicans by speaking frankly as to the circumstances of the campaign. We have lold the Repub- lican party that s nomination by the Cinecin- nati Convention will not of itself be equiva- lent to an election, by any means, With the vote of New York added to the South, the Demniocratic candidate will be elected. The same condition of circumstances that will in- duce New York to vote for the Democratic candidate will have s like controlling influ- ence in soveral other States. The vote of Ohio, of Wisconsin, and Indiana, all doubt- ful, are essential to the success of the Re- publican candidate. In short, the Repub- lican candidate must carry all the Republic- an and also all the debatable States to make his election certain. For stating this notori- ous and self-evident fact, the machine poli- ticians have denounced TrE Trmuxe. We have also been censured because we have stated thst the grand issue of this Presiden- tial election, forced by the most extraor- dinary developments, will be the reform and purification of the Governmental service, The criminal supremacy in all divisiors of government, down to County Commissioners and Boards of Trustees in rural villages, is painfully impressedupon the knowledge of the people. Corruption, bribery, blackmail, dis- honesty, and falsehood seem to be inseparable from official life as now practiced; and the hon- est people are inrevolt against the intolerable sbuse. Party conventions may frame what- ever issues they please, but they cannot change the ona of which the people have tak- en jurisdiction, and on which they intend to give judgment, and thatis the purification of the Governmental service. This work must begin at Washington. It muststart from the Executive ante-chamber and penetrate every department, extending into all branches of the national service. There can be no purifica- tion of local governments, or of commercial and financial institutions, so long as the civil service of the National Government offers the highest honors and largest pecaniary re- wards to the graduates and more advanced students of bribery, and robbery, and general o?flchl dishonesty. So long as the National civil service i made the refuge for theincom- petency and dishonesty that can find no recog- xnition in private or commercial life, it is use- less to expect to reform or purify local gov- ernments, or to raise the standard in business occupations. Under these circamstances, the country at this time will look to the candidates as af. fording the best and most certain guarantos of a thorough change in the civil adminis tration of the Government ; and which ever party will, in the person of its candidate, offer the best assurances on this subject will elect its President and obtain possession and control of all branches of the Government, ‘This may be unpalatable to machine poli- ticians, but the fact remains the same, and should not be ignored. The Republicans of Illinois have no fa- varite 8on” £0 embarrass their choice. They An old citizen of Chicago, in writing to us to commend the suggestion that immediate steps be taken to arrest work on the new Court-House so long as it is under the con- trol of the present County Ring, says that Hoaax, the “ County Plumber,” is now offer- ing to bet $100to $1 that he will get the plumbing contract in that building. The same correspondent also calls our attention to the assertion that Hocax had the contract for plumbing the east wing of the old Court- Houso, and that, while the contract price was $5,000, he put in a bill of extras for $45,000, Which was paid. Thers is little doubt that Hoaax will get the contract, if the work goes on under the present regime, and just as tittle deubt that he will again draw sbout seven times as much as he ought to have for it. Anothbr reason for stopping the work, — ently recovering from the demoralization into which they were thrown & fortnight ago by the threats of the rag-baby Democracy, led by the Cin- cinnati Bepudiationist, alizs Engquirer, to bolt in event of Trioxy’s nomination st St. Louis. His adherents seem now disposed to show fight, instead of quailing before the rag-baby crowd, and he is again looming up 85 the most prominent candidate on the Democratic side. The late Conventions have given him the delegations from Iows, Minnesota, Nebraska, California, Vermont, and the majority of thst from Missouri, while that from Michigan is understand to lean strongly in his favor ; and in the same time HexDRICES has secured the delegation only of a gingle State, Tennesses. Except for the two-thirds rule, TmoEx would be sure of the nomination at St. Louis, as the matter now stands. Mnnifestly he does not mesn to relinguish his prospects withont a _bitter struggle, and, as manifestly, the rag- money Democrats are going to St. Louis pre- pared to oppose him to the utmost. It is significant, too, that his organs in New York bave but one end to accomplish, and that s the preseryation of Republican ascendency in the Government for the sake of the country. They are, therefore, free to select that man whose nomination will give the country the best assurance thatif elected tha civil service will bo thoroughly reformed and regenerated. The Republican party, to secure success, must deserve it. The reverses bf the last few years have been wholesome warnings, and these warnings have received additional significance from the exposure of the whole- sole and wide-spread corruption which has prevailed in Congress, in Cabinet offices, and in all the minor branches of the service, in- cluding the whole Revenue Department, Bexyaany H. Bmistow is, of all those yet named prominently for the nomination, the ableat, best, and, under all the circumstances, the most availsble candidate. He comes from a family whose anti-slavery principles date back several generations. He comes from a family that dared to be Abolitionists and Emancipationists in Kentucky when Slavery was dictator in American politics. He was a Union man before and a Union soldier during the War; he was an Emanci- pationist in the Legislaturs when he almost stood alone. He is a man of thorough educa- tion, and of rare intellectual sbility. Hois in the prime of life, a practical business man, an sble lawyer, and an honest man. He had the courage and the old-fashioned honesty, when he discovered fraud and cor- ruption in the Custom-Houses, to lay the heavy hand of the law upon the criminals, to bresk up smugpling, and to punish the guilty. Inlike manner, with no prompting save that of duty, he unearthed the great revenue frauds which have added largely to the inmates of the publio prisons and plant~ ed a colony of American offica-holders in Canada. There is nothing in common between Mr. Bmisrow and the old Rebel sentiment at the South; but his personsl integrity and his high courage comimend him as strongly in that scction as in any other, and hs is the only ‘man who can be nominated around whom in the late slave-holding States there will rally a Republican organization embrac- ing a considerable portion of the white na- tive population who are now forced into an intimate atiance with the Democratic party. His nomination is the only one which holds ont the least promise of a strong, vigor- ous, and healthy white Republican party in the Southern States, which, when once or- ganized, will become the protector and the intelligent gunide of the negro population, now hopelessly adrift. “ There is not a Republican State in which Mr. Bristow will not be stronger than either MorToN or Coxgurve. In the States of Ohio and Indiana he will be irresistible, while in New Jersey and Connecticut, and in New Nork, the whole mass who are so clamorous for Governmental service reform will go swell his vote that he can defeat any opponent who may be nominated. If the Republicans of Illinois want a man who can certainly be elected, because he fills the measure of popular demand, our advice is that now, that Mr. Brame has seemingly dropped out, they unite upon BrisTow. All the exigencies of the times indicate that his nomination will be equivalent to success, and that his rejection by the Convention on the ground that he is a reformer will be ac- cepted as an invitation to defeat the machine- man who mey be selected by the Convention. A FEARFUL PUNISEMERT. The Turks have achieved a reputation, which has made them abhorred through Christendom, for sanguinary cruelty, brutal and bloody massacre, and odious persecution. Almost every one of their Sultans has char- acterized his reign with such sanguinary ex- cesses that at last the people have risen and rid themselves of the monsters by assassina- tion. The Turks themselves, as a people, have hardly been behind their rulers in this respect. Islamism has been characterized by gross intolerance, bigoted fanaticism, and pitiless butchery of men, women, and chil- dren of other faiths. In their treatment of the late Sultan ABpUr-Azrz, however, they seem to have reached the very climax of re- fined cruelty. ABpUL-Aziz was no better and no worse than his illustrious predeces- sors of the House of OrmmaN. Many of them, in fact, could count hundreds of Christian scalps to his one. He started out with glowing promises of re- forms, just as Aumap ErreNpr has,— in reality the very samereforms. He made the heroic resolution for a Turk to have but one wife, and sbolished his seraglio, and he most undoubtedly would have kept his prom- ise had it not been for the orthodox AMus- sulmans themselves, who gaw in this abolition of the harem au attack upon their religion and a suppression of the breeding-pen for future Sultans of the legitimate stripe. The worst that can be said of him is that ke was a profligate man ; but, as profligacy is a characteristic of all Turks, it is difficult to see why he should have been punished in such a signal manner. Asour readers will have noticed in the dispatches, he was at first subjected to all sorts of abuse and scurrility from his underlings, the Softas, who were only the priests of the temple in which he was the Chief. He was then ordered to step down and ont, and was placed in a cave of gloom in some kiosk. Some accounts say that he was bowstrung and pitched into the Golden Horn, but the most reliable version of the unfortunate Ampur-Aziz's denouement is to the effect that! having stripped him of all his money, amounting to $100,000,000 of treasure, they set him adrift with forty or fifty boat-loads of hiswomen. If the reader will stop to think what 8 man can do with forty or fifty boat-loads of women, without-a econt of money in his pocket, he will faintly realize the exquisite refinement of this new sample of Turkish cruelty. So long as Anpur-Aziz had these six or eight hundred fair Circassian girlsin his harem at Constantinople, with plenty of eunuchs to guard them and keep them from scratching each other’s eyes out in their contests for his favor, with plenty of piastres to foed and clothe them, buy spring hats and pullbacks, adorn them with jewel- ry, and provide them with coffee and car- amels, the Mohammedan Chanticleer might while his time away happily in his hen-coop; but what is he going to do now without a red cent in his pocket? How is heo going to feed and clothe them? What are all these poor women out of a place going to do ? If the new Sultan abolishes the seraglio, what are the unfortunate devils of eunuchs goixg to dofora living? It may be that Softas have bagged them all and given them to the fish in the Bosphoras ; but the women and their lord end master are afloat without money and without occupation. It has driven many aman to despair that he hed not money enough to provide for the colossal wants of one average woman ; but here is an unfortunate ruler out of business with about 800 of them, sbove the average as to wants, and not money enough in his pocket to buy ons of them a bit of Centen- nial ribbon for her tresses. We see only one avenue of escape for the poor devi. Ina moment of black despair he may throw him- self into the Bosphorus: and end his suffer- ings, or these dark-eyed gazelles of the harem may arise in their wrath and pitch the author of their miseries overboard. If thero be any man in Christendom deserving the pity of mankind, it is Apur-Azrz. If the sight of & poor man struggling with adverse fate is a spectacle that excites the pity of the gods, it is to be hoped the deities will find some re- lief for the late Saltan. e, ENGLISH FINANCES. The Nation has a timely article upon the recent depression in the monsy mar- ket of England, during which secarities sunk to & very low rate and were sold at almost any price, in which it locates the origin of the trouble back to the outbresk of the Franco-German war of 1870, which caused enormous losses by the destruction of prop- erty and cessation of active industry in France and Germany, followed by the with- drawal of French capital from foreign in- vestments to meet the German indemnity, and the era of wild speculation which en- sued in Germany consequent upon the in- crease of the volume of currency by the receipt of the indemnity. This, however, asit seems to us, is & very genecral cause applying in a very general manner to the low state of the whole European financial market, and having no particular application to the recent collapse on the London Stock Exchange, in which the Turkish securities met with the most damaging blow, owing to the sudden crisis that was supposed to exist in Turkish affairs by the attitude of England toward the Berlin agreement,—a collapse, however, which was almost immediately re- covered from when the news arrived of the dethronement of Anpur-Aziz. The most prominent cause of the depres- sion of English finances lies in & condition of things very similar to what the United States experienced prior to its recent panic. The English are londed down with worthless securifies, just as we were. We had our pockets filled with worthless bonds and se- curities of every description, mainly railroad. ‘The English have their pockets filled with the securities of semi-civilized nations, based upon nothing but empty promises to pay, and most of which are already in default of both principal and interest. The English have been universal lenders, ever ready to make & penny, and have invested their money in the hands of all nations, fromn Patagonia to Senegambia, who have asked for it. The Nation calls attention to the fact, and it is worth dwelling upon as & very forcible and consistent explanation of the low state of the English financial market. The recent Parlia- mentary inquiry showed that in 1874 these semi-civilized nations had exhausted their borrowing power and pretty nearly exhaust- ed England’s lending power. The creditors discovered that there was due them about $1,200,000,000 from Governments mainly bankrupt, and a generous slice of this is due to England. Of these nations, Portugal, Tunis, San Domingo, Mexico, Honduras, Nicaragus, Costa Rica, Venezuels, Ecuador, Pern, Bolivia, and Paraguay, were found to be in default. Since that time, Turkey has gone by the board, and now all signs show that the Egyptian credit is giving way also, notwithstanding the effort to patch it up. The Nation adds to these causes the dis- order of the finances of India by the fall in silver, the unsettled condition of the trade of England with China, sud tho irredeemable paper currency used by four of the great nations of theworld. The px,cipal feature, however, of the depression in England is the fact that the large class of people in that country who make a living by lending have been lending without suflicient security. As the Nation says: The bankruptcy of *‘sovereign States ™ isa new experience to them, and <o is the complicity of Ambaesadors in frauds—such as has been bronght bome to Gen. ScHENCEK, and to Senor GUTIERREZ, and will probably be brought home before long to Gen. ScuENck’s ‘‘much-esteemed friend," the Duke pE SaLDANHA. The fnvestments of this clars in forelgn sccarities have enormously increased during the Inst ten years, under the influence of improvement in weans of communication and of increased knowledge of foreign countries, and of the increased use of banks of deposit. The great State loans, and Phe guaranteed bonds, and so forth, were never held as widely aud by so many small holders as they are now, and to frighten them seriously checks consumption and causes & withdrawal of active capital to a degree which finunciers even twenty years ago could bardly have dreamed. i PARISIAN STREET-DINNERS, A writer in the Pall Mall Gasstte, who seems to be a&s well versed in Parisian gastronomy as was the lamented THACKERAY, states us one of the indirect results of Com- munism that tho people of Paris, as a rule, have taken to dining in the streets, The immediate causes,of this change are numer- ous, but mostly spring from ¢ the servant- girl question.” Rentsin Paris are so high that the people are cramped for rooms, and consequently their apartments are made in- tolerable by the succession of strange smells coming from the cookery. The best pro- visions are carried off by contractors early in the morning, so that only the refuse of the markets remains for private individuals. “ Nothing less than a whole salmon, a tur- bot, half o lamb, and o sheaf of asparn- gus, costing thirty fraiics, can some- times bo obtained at the district mar- kets or petty shops; and those pastoral sages when o careful housewife could success- folly negotiate for half a cabbage to flavor her soup are gone by." The cooks will not consent to enter 2 kitchen unless they have control of the expenditures, and then, like Periorar, they have a way of adding about 25 per cent to the cost of the provisions, which goes into their own pockets, of course. Moreover, the cook hes a habit of leaving just before dinner; if she be a person of matare years, going to a wine shop to take & nip with the next-door cook; if she be a young and good-looking cook, entertaining a military friend when she should be attend- ing to her meals, or going out with him for a promenade when she should be putting the fowls upon the table. The concierges help to make it uncomfortable for the home diner Ly levying extortionate tolls upon fael and wines. The combination of these and other troubles has af last driven the Parisian out of his house and compelled him to take his mesls in the street. How he dines is thus told by this writer : Atthe chief eating-houses, such as Bigyon's and Derour’s, the old bill of fare Is invisible. The head-waiter, 8 luent and amiable man, re- peats a list of the dishes which are ready at break- fast or dinner time; ond the wise diner-out re- queets that Le will eelect what he knows to be best, simply adding the condition that it shall be recom- mande, or especiallycommended to the attention of the chief cook, who shares the extra tip given to the waiter by experienced customers for this purpose. There s little cholce about tavern dinmers ; certain things have been cooked and must be eaten; it is not prudent to interfere with the established or- derof them. The castomer will have to take that which has been provided for him, under whatever name he may elect to have it served. Also, there is not much use in thinking over small economies when the restanrant door has once closed behind " showing her skill and taste. you. While you are taking your seat at the only. vocant table, towards 7 o'clock, the keen-eyed lady who presides at the counter will have men- tally valaed you, and fixed the total of your dinner bill. If yon observe that you paid but half or two- thirds of the price for tye same meal a week ago, you will be told, in oue of those neat, logical epi- grams which rrench people apply to every circum- stance In life, that the cost of living is increasing dnily. There is nothing for it but to pay. The same writer also lets us into some of the secrets of Parisian drinking and “eating. The fine-weather drink of the prudent Frenchman, in winter and spring, is Bor- deaux bronght up to s soft temperature. On cold, raw days he takes Burgundy; in sum- mer, tisane de Champagne well iced, which our apoplectic friends will ba glad to know is good for their complaint. In winter:ho eats the darker-colored meats, with game and truffies ; in summer, young vegetables, shell- fish, chickens fed upon boiled wheat, and ducldings; in extremely hot weather, noth- ing but Iamb, and that cold. The woes of the average Parisian are hardly more direful than those of the average American. In our kitchens cooks have a way of entertaining friends that alarmingly increnses the monthly bills, and are addicted to sending out parcels of provisions to their relatives in 8 manner which is not calculated to enliven the spirits of a housekeeper. Like herParisian sister, the American cookis apt to light out just about dinner-time for a brief season of personal enjoyment, and sometimes to give warning and light out altogether. Unlike her Parisian sister, the average Ameri- can cook can't cook at all, and will consume twice as much expense in displaying her in- competence 8s the Parisian cook does in The slipshod character of the American cook, and the cor- respondingly careless character of the Ameri- can menu, has driven many people into the hotels and restaurants. If the number of people in Chicago were known who take their principal meal at noon in the down-town restaursnts it would be surprising. It adds to the despair of the situation that this meal at the restaurant is apt to be good for noth- ing. The Saturday TrrBuNE has for several weeks past shown how to do the cooking. But where are the cooks to come from? How long will it be before all Chicago is dining in the street like Paris # THE MAYORAL CONTROVERSY. It is expected that the Circuit Judges will have sagreed upon a judgment, and that it will be announced to-morrow or soon after, in the case of Hoyxz and CoLviy, as to which is lawfully Mayor of Chicago. In the argu- ment it was stated that the case was without precedent as to the facts, end that the vital question hod never been adjudicated. Con- sidering the multiplicity of elections for all kinds of offices in all the States of the Union, covering a long period of years, it is some- what remarkable that no case of this kind has ever arisen. The facls are few and plain. In November, 1873, Mr. Conviy was elect- ed Mayor, to serve, under the charter, two years, or until December, 1875. At that time there was on the statute book a ‘¢ gen- ‘eral act of incorporation,” which provided that, upon the petition of 8 certain number of voters, the Common Council should sub- mit to a vote of the people, at a special elec- tion, the question of **incorporation under the general law.” This general law pro- vided for the change of elections from November to April, and the election of Mayor in 1873, 1875, 1877, and every two years. Inorder to provent an election for Mayor gt the time fixed by the new charter, —April, 1876,—the Council provided for s special election, after that date, on which day the general act of incorporation was adopted; the result was canvassed a few days later, and the new charter bocame at once the governing law of the city. The new charter provided that there should be a general election for city officers on the second Tuesday in April of each year, and, at the first election after the adoption of the charter, a new Common Council shall be elected, ete, The Constitntion prohibits the enactment of any law by the Legislature which shall have the effect of extending the term uof any elective officer. The new charter provided thatthe per- sons in office at the time of its adoption should exercise the powers of similar officers, ‘whose election was provided for in the char- ter. until such officers were elected. In December, 1875, the term for which Mr. Colvin was elected, under the old char- ter, expired. The new charter provided that when there ‘was a vacancy in the office of Mayor; and the unexpired term was over & year from the happening of the vacancy, the Common Council should call a special election to fill the vacancy; if the vacancy was for less than a year, then the Council was to fill the same by electing one of their own members Mayor. Approaching the time fixed for the gen- eral clection” in April, 1876, the Council were petitioned to call a specinl election to fill the vacancy in the office of Mayor. The majority of the Common Council refused to call the special election. Mr. CorviN claimed that, as he was Mayor when the new charter waos adopted, he was continued in that office until the general election in 1877, when a Mayor was fo be clocted for a full term. The general publie claimed that there was no power to extend the term of an clective officer, and no power in the Legislature to designate aman to hold an office. It was further claimed that a va- cancy existed in the office, beginning at the adoption of the new charter, or at the ex- piration of the term for which Corviy had been elected, in either case the vacancy being for more than a year ; that the people could not be depr.ved of the right to elect & Mayor by the factious refusal of the Common Council to give notice of such an elec- tion; and therefore on the day of the election of other officers, st the same times and places, about 40,000 persons deposited ballots having thereon the name of a person for the office of Mayor. Subsequently, these votes were canvassed by the Common Council, and Mr. Hovyz was declared elected Mayor ; his right to the office has been formally recog- nized by the Council, who have acted on his appointments, otc. Hoxxe being de jacto Mayor, Cowviy by writ of guo warranto has brought the question before the Courts. The decision of the Court may take any one of various directions. The Court may decide: 1. That the new charter extended CoLvin's term until April, 1877, in which case there has never been a vacancy, and Corvix is Mayor de jure, and Hoy~e an intruder. 2. That the new charter deposed all the old officers, authorizing them to act merely as locum teyens until an election was held to fill all the vacancies ; or, 3. That, at the expiration of Corviv's term in December, 1875, the vacancy occur- red; in either case, there being a vacancy, and more than one year elapsing before a regular election of Mayor, it was in the power and it was the duty of the Council to order and give notice of the special election. 4. That the refusal of the Common Council to call a special election could not, s it could not in the case of a regular election, deprive the people of the right to hold such election at the ordinary and regulerly ap- pointed times and places, and that such elec- tion for Mayor, having been held freo of all suspicion of fraud, under all the forms and by the officers appointed to hold the ‘ gen- eral election,” on the same day and at the same places, there was such a substantial compliance iwith the law that the Courts will not interpose to defent the expressions of the public will. In which case Mr. HoxNe is Mayor de jureas well as ds facto. 4. Oritmay hold that, though avacancydid exist, the charter invested the Council with a discretion to order such special election, and that special elections, standing on a different footing from general elections, could not be valid in the absence of the special call and no- tico directed by law. Inwhich case the vacancy continues to exist, neither Hoxxz nor CoLviN being Mayor. 5. That, the vacancy existing, the Council may ndw call a special election to fill the same ; or that a vacancy occured only at the date of the first regular election, which was in April, 1876,-and, there being less than one year of the term remaining, the Council may fill suchvacancy by thechoiceof oneof its own members. Until the Court actually renders a decision, the reader may consider any one of these possible results as the most likely to agree with that of the Court. RAILWAY PASSENGER RATES. There seems to be a good deal of astonish- ment at the great reduction of passenger rates from here East, growing out of the new disagreement among the Eastern trunk lines, and an apprehension in some quarters that the railroads will kill themselves off if this sort of thing keeps up. All this comes from o superficial consideration of ths matter. It is hastily concluded that, because the rail- roads have been charging $22 and $24 to New York, it is ruinous for them to throw off nearly 50 per cent. There are several in- fluences, however, which are not considered ab all in reaching this conclusion. The in- crensed travel sure to be attracted by a nota- ble difference in rates, and which can be car- ried by the roads without any appreciable difference in their running expenses, almost entirely offsets the reduction as arule. This is the experience of the past, when special competition has led to a fall in passenger tates. A striking instance of it was afford- ed some years ago in Scotland, when a dispute between the Edinburg & Glas- gow and the Caledonian Railways brought sbout s reduction of rates to mearly one-eighth of the regular tariff. The re- spective fares for the three classes were 8 shillings, 6 shillings, and 4 shillings for a distance of 46 miles, and they were re- duced respectively to 1 shilling, 9 pence, and 6 pence. The struggle lasted a year and o half, and the result wes that the an- nual dividends were reduced only one-half per cent, thongh the fares were only one- cighth of what they had been. A new travel- ing public had been created by the reduc- tion. Excursion-zrains were run, crowded with people. The sagricultural and laboring classes visited the cities, which they had never before been able to do. Men, women, and children spent money in traveling,which thus took the place of other cheap rectentions and amusements in which they had been in the habit of indulging themselves. The re- ceipts of the roads: rom travel remained as large ss before, and in some instances in- crensed, notwithstanding the tremendous re- duction of soven-cighths, while the expenses ‘were comparatively but little more than be- fore. Now to mcke up this half percent difference in dividends the railroad compa- nies had to compel the public to.pay eight times as much for travel. So it is fair to pre- sume that the reduction on our Eastern rail- roads by less than one-half will make scarcely an apprecinble difference in the annual profits. A comparison of the difference in price which the railroads receive for passengers and freight, even at the reduced rates of the former, will show how ridicalously high pas- senger rates are as arule, and how silly is any apprehension that the ‘railronds cannot stand the reduction. We will ssy that the average number of passengers which a first- class railway-car can carry is fifty, and, al- lowing 200 pounds for each person, includ- ing baggage, the human freight isat the rate of 5 tons to the car. At the present rate of $15 per person from Chicago to New York, a single passenger-car may yield $750. Baut the average freight-car carrics 10 tons at the rate of 20 cents per 100 pounds for grain, which yields only 340 per car for the trip. The passenger-car, then, with 5 tons of freight, earns nearly twenty times as much as the average freight-car with twice as much freight. Of course the original invest- ment in the psssenger-car is larger and the expense of attendance, care, and repair is greater; but it is also a lighter car, makes double as meuy trips, and is hauled at less cost for fuel. There is certainly no reason why it should need to earn twenty times gs much as & freight-car in order to be profita- ble, or, earning at this rate, there is no like- lihood of the roads going to pieces. If it be said that the passenger-cars do not run fall, the answer to that is that they may always run full if the rates are low enough, and with a proper adjustment of the supply to the demand. ! So far from there being any resson to ap- prohend any serious results from the railroad war over passenger rates, the probability is that if the railroads reduce them low enough, and maintain the reduction long enough, they may increase their profits for the current year. The Americans are naturally a travel. ing people, and the Centennial Exhibition is a special inducement for them to indulge their fondness this year. 10n the other hand, they are largely restrained by the hard times and the necessity felt by every one of spending as little money as possible. Now, a reduction of railroad fares to the East to one cent per mile would {_'empt hundreds of thousands of people to go to Philadelphia who would otherwise remain away. Such a movement would do much to relieve the present financial strain and mercantile slug- gishness. There would be o considerable ravival of trade and renewal of confidence as the result of the interchango of personal communications. Money wounld circulate that is now hoarded, and people would look into the future with less suspicion onaccount of the livelier aspect that would be given to the present condition of things. The coun- try would be benefited, and the railroads would profit proportionately. HaeNeY's testimony os to the payment of the $430 bribe to Speaker Kezr for the ap- pointment of young Greex is corroborated, or at least strengthened, by ex-Congressman Meyee Steauss, of Pennsylvania, who was sworn for the purpose of impeaching Hag- NEY, SrEAUSS remembers distinctly that Eum.n applied to him (S1BAUSS) to aid iy securing the sppointment of Grey, impmt. ing at the same timu that he (HanNzY) oomig make $400 or $590 out of it. This Straggg tells with the nonclalance of one who re. gorded such brokerage in appointments ag . strictly legitimate business. As he isa Pang,. sylvanis Democratic politician, it is, Pperhaps, nataral that he should have so Tegarded jt, Bat Mr. StrAUSS cannot expect that the lic will believe that Harner would have imparted that thers was money , i the appointment and then coolly ¢ ip. formed the Congressman he asked to make the appointment that he (Hmn) proposed to pocket al? the money thers Wag init. It would have been too preposterons a proposition to have submitted even to 5 member of the Srzauss stamp for Harygy to have said in substance: ** There's money in this appointment ; make the appointment for me, and let me pocket the whole of the money.” HarNEY mentioned the money ob. viously for the sole purpose of inviting a pro. posal to sell the appointment. Sreavss hay. ing filled his appointment, could not make such bid. But HarNey’s mode of going at the business, as testified by Srravss, showy that he (HARNEY) was in the market to the appointment ; that he expected to gt it by purchase, as Was unmistakably indicated by his paming the figures; and that thesy were precisely what he swears he paid Kxzz, Stravss’ testimony strengthens powerfully the evidence going to show that Hamvey's statement as to the payment of the bribe to Kere is true; and, without satisfactory ex. planation by the Speaker of why he sppoint. ed GreeN, HanNEY's statement will be ac. cepted as conclusive. v OBITUARY. JAMES GASPARD MEDER, at one time a well-known musician _and musica) director, and husband of CLARA Fismer Ma. der, the actress, dicd at Chelses, Mass., last Sunday. He was a native of Ireland, and came to this country with Mr. and Mrs. Woob, the En. glish opera-singers, in 1833. The sndden rise of JosePE WoOD as a singer was owing to Mr. Mz. DER, who induced him to take a- part in the English version of “La Cenerentola,” in whick he made a great success. It was under his direction also that CHARLOTTE CUSHMAN made her debut at the Tremont Theatre, Boston, in 1835, Miss CosmuAN singing the part of the Countess in *“The Marriage of Figaro? to Mrs, MaDER'S Susanna. He also went with her ta New Orleans, where she turned her attention from the Iyric to the dramatic stage. Mr. Ma. DER then returned to Boston, and for many years resided there, giving concerts. He retired from the business, however, many years ago. JAMES GALLATIN. ‘The New York papers of Tuesday last contain the announcement of the death of the well- known banker, JAMES GALLATIN, of Paris, France, late President of the Gallatin National Bank in New York City. Mr. GALLATIN was 80 years of age, and & son of ALBERT GALLATIY, Secretary of the Treasury during JACESON'S ade ministration. During his earlier years he was a broker fa partnership with his brother, but in 1838 he succeeded his father as President of the bank with which the family name has been so long identified. He held this position for thirty years, and upon his retirement, in 1868, went to Euarope, where he has since lived. He never eld a political office. . OTHER DEATHS. Among other deaths recently reported are those of CAROLINE CHAPMAN, at San Franciscu, oance a prominent actress, who made her debut at the Walnut Street Theatre, Philadelphis, fn 1830, acting Pelty Finniken in *Gretna Green,” and who had considerable reputation as a sing- er; of SAMUEL BrNomaw, who died in New York, and at the time of his death was the oldest printer in the United States, and worked the first steam cylinder press introduced in this country; of Field-Marshal Baron Von Joms, Chief of the General Staff of the Austrian Army; of PooLe, the iamous English taflor, who was an American, having been born at ‘Worcester, Mass.; of FraNCis PALacky, the Moravian historian, editor of the Journal of the Bohemian Museum, and author of a * History of | Bohemia”; and of M. Esquiros, one of the French Senators, of whom the London ZTimes gives the following interesting detaila: He was born in Paris in 1814, and, after &n un- successful volume of poems, published two novels, ‘*Le Magicien™ and ‘‘Charlotte Cordsy.” His next work, **Evangile du Peuple,"~a philosoph- ical and democrstic commentary on the lifc of Christ,—brought on him, in 1841, eight months’ imprisonment and 500f. fine. From Ste. Pelagie he issned ‘‘Chants d’un Prisonnier,” and_after- wards some semi-gocialist essaysand **Histoire des Montagnards.” He entered the Assembly in 1848, and on being proscribed by the Coup d" Etat took’ refuge in England, where his sketches of English life and manners in the Recue des Deuz- Mondes ewrned him _celebrity. He was for severa] years Examiner in French at the examina- tions for commissiona in the English Army. Tak- ing advantage of the amnesty, he gained & seat in the Corps Legislatif in 1869. On the fall of the Empire’ he was appointed Administrator of tie Bouches-du-Rhone, wherehe suspended a Legit- imist paper, expelled the Jesnits, and sequestered their property. ~The outcry against those arbitrary ‘mensures oblized M. CA¥EETTA to supersede him, but for a fortnight be held his post, setting the Provisional Government at defiance. ' His resizna- tion and departure were the signal for distarb- ances, which the National Guard euppressed. Ee voted steadily with the Extreme Left in the last Assembly. Like a chapter out of some weird remance ft sounds, the story of HELEN SuER and WILLLAX KEeMPTON VANCE, 38 it came out upon their trial, conclyled day before yesterday, in the Central Criminal Court at London. It appears that the woman had bcen abandoned by ber- husband and had been very'sick, and had made up her mind, if she became sick again, to com- mit suidde. To procure the means of doing this in such way as that post-mortem examina- tion would not discover her self-destruction,. and that there might not be any scandal about it, she inserted an advertisement in one of the daily papers stating that a professional gentle- man engaged in an interesting experiment wanted the assistance of a medical man or stu- dent well up in chemistry, whose services would be well paid for. The advertisement attracted the attention of VANCE, a chemist, who seems to have been well nigh 8s pooF and wo-begone as RouEo’s apothecary; and, after gome correspondence, ft was agreed that he shomld be paid £10 for furnishing her a poison such as directed. At this stage, the negotiation was interrupted by one of the lctters between VANcE and SMER happening to go to the Dead-Letter Office, where its strange contents excited suspicion, and it was turned over to the police. The re- sult was that both were arrested and tried for conspiracy to murder and to commit sulcide. On her arrest, Mrs. SuEE, with a simple pathos that told volumes- of misery, merely said: *1 only intended to bave the drugs in readiness, a8 1 have been very i1l and weal, that I might have used them in case I was ill I bave been very lonely since my husband left me.” But that availed nothing, and, under the English law, both were convicted of conspiracy to com- pass her snicide, and VARce was sentenced to imprisonment for eighteen months, and Mrs. SuEE for six months,—which, of conrse, Wil make her more liable to commit suicide than before. ————— It was a grotesque-pathetic spectacle, that presented by Daxisr, DREW upon his examina- tion last Thursday before the Register in Bankruptcy. The examination was held o DReEW's chamber, where he has been for someé time confined to bed by quite serious fllness, and a physician was In attendance throughout- The questions were of course with a view t0 draw out some sort of a statement of the con- dition of his affalrs, orat least of gettingtrack of the books, bank and brokers’ accounts, etc., of the great bankrupt, from which the necessary exhibit could be made out. His answers were & curious admixture of second-childishness aod the characteristie cunning that made “Uncle DANIEL” the slipperiest operator on the street It s only by the sharpest interrogation thab /