Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, May 12, 1876, Page 4

THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: FRIDAY, MAY 12, 1876 TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. RATES OF SCBSCRIPTION (PATABLE IN ADVANCE). Postage Prepaid at thls Office. 88 8 8 4, Tyea "Parts of year WEEKLY EDITION, POSTPAID. e copy. .. BT T s o 130 Zlub of twenty, per 115 "The postage 1 15 conts & Jear, which we Wil prepay. B men coples sent free. Tx:frerwmmr and mistakes, be sure and give Post ‘Dffice address in full, inclading State and County. Remittances may be made efther by draft, express, Post-Office order, or ia registered letters, at our risk. TERMS TO CITY SCBSCRIGERS. Paily, delivered, Sunday cxcepted. 25 cents per week. Datly, delivered, Sunday included, 30 cents per week® Address THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, ‘Corner Madlson and Dearborn-sts., Chicago, TIL T ABMUSEMENTS. 1.50 New Chicago Theatre, Clark strect, between Randolph and Lake. Hooley's Minstrels. Hooley’s Theatre. Randolph street, between Clark and LaSalle. Engagement of Fifth Avenue Company. **Pique. McVicker’s Theatre. Madison street, between State and Dearborn. Enj ment of the Maggie Mitchell Troupe. *¢Pear] of Savoy." § Adelphi Theatre. Dearborn street, corner Monroe. fainment. ‘‘Mazeppa.” Varicty enter- SOCIETY MEETINGS. WASHINGTON CITAPTER. No. 43, R. A. 3.— Exml] Convocation this (Friday) evening at 7:30 1 ns cordial nv og oo AL B WRIGHT, See. DEARBORY LODGE, NO: 310, A. F. & A. 3. —Regular communication at their hali, No. 72 Monroe-st., Friday, May 12. Work on the 3. 3L Degree. Members of the fraternity cordizily in- sited. By order of the W. M. ORIENTAL LODGE, NO. 33, A. F. & A. M.— Special communication this (Friday) evening at 7% o'clock, prompt, for work on the 3L M. Degrec. The fraternity cordially invited to meet with us, By order of the Master. E. N. TUCKER, Secretary. COVESANT LODGE, NO. 526, A. F. & A ML —Epecial communication_ this (Friday) evening at 7:30 o'clock, st Corinthian Hall, No. 187 East Kinzie;st., for work on the Third Degree, Visiting brethrén cordially fuvited. By oder of the W, M. . KEKR, Secretary. i @ribane, FRIDAY, MAY 12, 187C. Cool, eleer, or elearing wenther is pre- dicted for this region to-day. Greenbacks at the New York Gold Ex- ehange yesterday closed at §34. o The Treasury Department is sbout to put in circulation £3,000,000 of silver coin which it has accumulated outside of the regular mint production. This can be issued with- out regard to the recent act of Congress, and will tend to relieve to some extent the great pressure for small change. Arperr EpwaRp yesterday reached the shores of his future Kingdom and landed in the bosom of his family, the Princess ALex- axpea and her children going out on the royal yacht to meset the Prince, who will be accorded a public reception st Ports- mouth. 1t is believed that the English Ambassador at Constantinople has warned his- Govern- ment of the extremely critical condition of afiairs thronghout Turkey, expressing the fear that a general massacre of Christians may occur at any moment. In view of this warning, it is not unlikely that the British MMediterranean squadron will be ordered with ail speed to the mouth of the Hellespont, there to await developments. According to o statement which appears in the St. Louis Repubdlican, the President acted wisely in refusing to interfers in behalf of Deacon McEre. Mrs. Lzavexwontm, the widow of JoEN LEAVENWORTH, the first pay- master of the St. Lonis Whisky Ring, has made an affidavit to certain matters mnot brought out in the MoKz trial, alleging that she was present on various occasions when ““crooked ¥ money passed between her hus- band and AMcKEE. Gen. Burrrr has told somebody confi- dentielly that his first love, Presidentially speaking, is Senator MorToN, but the Gen- eral Jooks to avaiability as the chief recom- mendation, and therein sees in Mr. Coxx- 11N6 & candidato who would carry the State of New York as against Trupes. Bat, then, BuTLER's prophetic vision has becomo some- what dimmed in these lzstter years, and be- sides, would-be candidates have cause to tremble when the ex-member from Essex opes his mouth in their behalf. In commenting yesterday upon the brick- makers' strike we were misled somewhat by the statement of the evening newspapers relative to the price of brick and the com- parative wages of this year and last. The wages of last year were from $1.50 to $2. aday, we are told, while this year's wages range from $1.25 to $1.85 and $2 aday. The demand for brick is very small, and sales are made even as low as §4.50satn short delivery, while §5 is stated to bean average price. At the present rate of wages there is said to be no profit whatever in the wmanufacture of brick. On the other hand, there is no difficulty in obtaining abundance of labor at tha prices offered, if tho mob will permit those willing to work to do so ‘without intimidation. About the first pronounced indiestion of the leanings of Chicago Rephblicans in the matter of the Presidency and the Governor- .ship was given last evening at the meeting of the Eighteenth Ward Club, an organiza- tion famous for the brains, respectability, and influential character of its membership. On the question of the Governorship the ten delegates to the State Convention put forward for the primary election are with- ont exception anti-BEvEnmce, the ma- jority being for Currox; while the samo ten delegates, who will also heve 8 voico in choosing the representation of Illinois at the Cincinnati Convention, so far as their preferences were expressed on this point, the larger portion sre for Bnis- row, though many of these would stand strong for Wasesurse if ho should prove to be a prominent candidate ; a goodly show- ing of Branm backing is made, with Bris- row as second choice; and sbsolutely noth- Ing of CoxNELING, MORTON, or Harvss. Chi- ssgo will develop more of this sterling sort of sentiment before the State Convention meets. — The ‘Chicago produce markets wera irreg- wlar yesterdsy, though somewhat steadier, 30d most of them were firm, with a good pusiress doing. Mess pork closed 10@15¢ per brl higher, at $20.50@20.55 for June, and $20.75 for July. Tard closed steady,at $12.25 @13.27} for Jume, tnd 112.873@12.40 for July. Meats were steady, at 7ic for boxed shoulders, 10%c for do short ribs, and 11e for do short clears, Lake freights were dull, at 3jc for wheat to Buffelo. Rail freights were active and wenk. Highwines wero quiet, at $1.07 per gallon. Flour was in better demend and firm. Wheat closed }@}clower,at $1.014 for May and $1.01% for June. Corn closed easier, at 4Gic for May - and 453c for June. Oats closed easier, at ®c for May and 307c for June. Rye was steady, at 63c. Barley was steady, closing at 7lc for May and 62¢ for June. Hogs were active, at5c decline, selling at $6.65@7.15 for inferior to choice. Cattle were dull and weak. Sheep were in good demand end ruled firm. One hundred dollars in gold would buy £112.37} in greenbacks at the close. The rumors of compromise on the ques- tion of the Mayoralty which were current yesterday had no foundation in fact. There is to be no compromise, no concession on the part of Aayor Hore, but ex-Mayor Cowviy, recognizing the weakness of his position, has agreed to take the initintive and bring a quo warraato case to the Circuit Court, the result of which will be to declare by what suthority of law, if any, Mr. Horse exercises the functions of Mayor of Chicago, in which capacity he will continue to act during the pendency of the court proceedings. This plan throws the burden of proof and “of argument upon ex-Mayor CoLviy, who is obliged to show that Meyor Hoxxe does not hold the office lawfolly. If there is any compromise or concession in the matter, it is not on the part of Mr. HorsE, who is now and will doubtless remain Mayor until the expiration of his term of office. The striking brickmakers yesterdsy under- took a riotous demonstration having for its object the intimidation of such of their craft s were quietly at work in the various yards in and sbout the city, and the compulsion of idlenesson the part of all who had:not struck. The prompt interposition o body of police prevented the execution of this programme, and 26 of the turbulent mob were arrested and lodged in the station- house, to be arraigned this morning on the charge of disorderly conduct. The lightest penalty or the smallest fine that can be im- posed will be heavy in the case of these misgnided law-breakers, who have gone from bad to worse in first refusing to work for a rate of wages that hundreds are willing and glad to accept, and next in attempting to set the law at defiance by the intimidation of the non-strikers who are endeavoring to earn enough to keep starvotion from their doors. It is to be hoped that no severer punishment will be visited upon the dis- turbers of the peace now in custody than will suffice to thoroughly impress them with 2 sense of the fact that the arm of the law is too strong to be resisted or set at naught. THE MAYORALTY. There was a temporary truce yesterday. The Common Council met, and neither Cor~ viy nor Horse was present, the absence being tho result of an understanding to that eficct. The Council elected Ald, Arpricm President pro tempore. After the adoption of some routine business, the Council ad- journed until Monday. - Tha-proposition made for an arrangement comes, it is said, from Mr. Hayes, the Comp- troller. It was substantially that the new Treasurer, Mr. Brices, shall, after hisin- duction on Tuesday next, refuse to recognize a draft signed by CoLviy as Mayor, and that an egreed case shall be submitted to the Cir- cuit Judges of this county for their determi- nation, CoLvix in the meantime to continue a8 Bayor. A rumor was industriously -circulated that Mr. Ho¥~e was willing to accept this proposition, it being acceptable to the Coun- cil, but there is no truth in it. Nor would the Conncil listen to so unfair and one-sided a proposition. The Council can be no party to cny bargain that recognizes CoLviN as legally acting as Mayor, or casts doubt on the legality of Mr. Hoxxe's ten- ure of that office, or in any way raises a presumption against him. The Council have in all they have done acted calmly and deliberately, and under the best legal advice, and supported by a powerful public senti- ment; they have declared that AMr. Corvin is no longer Mayor, and that Mr. Hoy~e is Mayor, and have instructed all the heads of departments and subordinates that Hoyss is Mayor. It would be child’s play to expect them, in the absence of any judicial decis- jon, to recall all this legal action, or to again recognize Corvry as Mayor, or to do any other act to undo what they have al- rendy done and placed officially on record. The public peace and the credit and the interests of the city are of invaluable con- sequence and importance, but the_aathority of the Common Council, as the exclusive legislature, must bo maintained, unless we are prepared for amarchy. The exhibition of the police forca to coerce and control, to threaten and to arrest the Common Coun- cil, however in keeping with an asurpation, is an insult to public decency, besides a con- tempt for lawful authority. It should be borne in mind by 3fr. Corviy and his ad- visers that there is no question as to the legality of the election of the Common Council. That body is therefore entitled to the free exercise of all its powers, and is not to be menaced, nor insulted, nor controlled by the police. Mr. CoLvry must remember that breaking the peace is an ofense against the State of Illinois, and that, as against the State of Ilinois, even a claimant for the office of Mayor of Chicago must figure rather insignificantly. When the time comes for force to protect the lawful Mayor and the Common Council of Chicago, Mr. CoLvin will not be commander-in-chief. The Common Council cannot in any way consent or agres to any form of legal pro- ceeding which ignores their right to canvass the votes given at the late election for Mayor, nor to declare the result, nor their right to recognize the Mayor declared by them to have been elected. That is a matter of legal and official record which cannot be recalled nor reversed by police force or mobocracy. ‘The Common Council and Mayor Hox~E are not plaintifis, and cannot become so. They are in office ; they ara the Mayor and Com- mon Council de.facto and de jure, and any person who objects to or denies their author- ity must apply to the courts. CoLvry ceased to be Mayor the day and hour that Mr. ‘Hovxe filed his bond, took the oath of office, and was declared the Mayor-elect by the Council, and if Corvmy has any claim to the office, or as a citizen objects to Mayor Hoxxg acting as Mayor, let him seek the courts for the remedy which the law provides. The City Council have nothing to do in the way of instituting suits to oust Alr. Corvry. Heis alresdy ousted. Their business is to attend to the legislation of the city, and, with Mayor Boyxe, address themselves to the complicated and embarrassed condition of the finances, If Mr. CoLvir has any griev- ance, lot him apply to the courts, and let him complain to his heart's content. We ngain call publicattention to the misera- ble spectacle which this man Corviy exhibits in holding on to the office for its mere per- quisites and the perquisites of his personal dependents. He is utterly reckless of public opinion. Outside of those who hold office at his pleasure there are not five hundred reputable persons m Chicago who are not disgusted with his want of sensibility in. clinging to an office long after his term has expired, and after his successor has been elected and qualified, aud solemnly recog- nized by the legislaturo of the city. Itisa sad spectacle. THE PRIMARY SYSTEM. The last Republican City Convention pass- ed a resolution abolishing the system of primary elections as heretofore existing. It appears, however, that ghe Central Commit- toe intend to authorize the holding of such primary elections for delegates to the ap- proaching County Convention on the ground that no substitute for the primary system was brought forward to take ils place. It would be difficult to conceive of a greater travesty of justice, decency, and fair- ness than the primary system of making nominations as it has been practiced in this city for some years past. Under the aus- pices of this system as first organized, when the city was small, and when every man Lnew his neighbors, it was practicable to secure a fair expression of the wishes of the party on any given question. There were always enongh persons at the voting-places to identify those who came to take part in the election, and the count of votes and the making of returns were always open and free from fraud. In tho course of timo the 'question of carrying a particular ward-primary became a question of getting a given number of men to a particular place st o partichlar time, without reference to their politics or place of residence. This, of course, was a mere question of monoy. Somewhat Iater it was found that a gang of professionals voting from place to place were more efficient and cheaper than any previous invention for carrying primaries, and thess were tried with somewhat Drilliant results. Instances might be cited, however, where the utmost efforts of repeaters, Democratic ruffians, Republican roffians, and honest cit- izens all together, ontside of the voting-room, have been frustiated by those who had the counting of the votes and the making of the returns. And so we havo gone on from good to bad and from bad to worse, until there is absolutely no guaranteo of a fair primary election, and respectable citizens havo generally sbsented themselves from them under the conviction that they were sure to be cheated anyway. A few weeks ago 2 primary election was held in the First ‘Ward which resulted in giving two or three times ns many votes to a certain candidate for Alderman as he afterwards re- ceived in the regular city election. All the votes given for him over and above the small number he received at the city election were of courso fraudulent. When the clec- tion came to be held under the safe- guards prescribed by law, he was found to be in a ridiculous minority. It is safe to say that the villainous fraud practiced upon the voters of South Chicago in the recent election for Assessor, Collector, etc., was prompted and snggested by the facility with which the returns of primary elections have been re- peatedly falsified. At all events the process employed was substantially the same. ‘The last city election demonstrated pretty thoroughly that sham nominations will not be ratified by the people. A candidate for an important office, who was really the heed of the ticket, ran more than ten thousand votes behind his associates, and was beaten notwithstanding all that was done to save him from defeat. What guarantee have the asdvocates of the primary sys- tem that their next nominations will fare any better? None whatever. The party have officially declared that they have no confidence in nominations made in that way. This they declared by resolution duly passed in’ convention. The peoplo have de- clared that they have no confidence in them by rejecting one of the products of the sys- tem in tones of thunder. It will not be well to tempt them farther. Of course some- thing must be done to supplant the loose, corrupt old system with a better one. A bet- ter one is obviously to be found in the Re- publican ward clubs, where every member's residence is known and his position vouched for. A record of this kind being kept, the danger of repeating, and double voling, and voting out of the ward, may be effectually guarded sagainst; and the club organization is usually such, and may always ‘bo made such, that fraudulent counting and returning of votes will be impossible. As the case stands now, primary elections of the old sort are irregular and unauthorized, und will continue so.until the resolution passed by the last Convention is changed by equally high authority. Itis competent for the Central Committee to adopt some other system in lieu of the one abolished. In tho absence of specific instructions it ia their duty to do so. But it is not competent for them to adopt the one which has been abol- ished, and which has legally céased to exist. THE OTHER GRAND CREDIT MOBILIER. A memorial has been presented by the minority of the stockholders of the Central Pacific Railroad Company to Congress in which itis alleged that Lecanxp Staxrorp, Marx Hoekmss, C. P. HostINGTON, and Crarwrs Crocken were the original incorpo- rators of the Central Pacific Railway Com- pany, and the charter authorized the construe- tion of 115 miles of road from Sacramento to the eastern boundary of Californin. Sub- sequently, by act of Congress, the Company were ordered to construct s road east to a junction of the Union Pacific Railway Com- pany, 690 miles. The original capital au- thorized was $8,500,000. That the said Com- pany received from tho United States, Cali- fornia, Nevada, and municipal corporations, gifts and subsidies exceeding $123,000,000,and have issued bonds for $27,000,000. That the four persons named formed n company mnder the name of Cmanues Crock- 8 & Co., and the railrond managers contracted with thomselves as Cnoczes & Co. for building said road at prices in ad- vance of the work done, and tho profits were divided among themselves, Subsequently, tho mansagers organized another company, known as the ** Contract and Finance Com- pany,” and contracted with themselves for building and equipping the railroad at ex- cessive prices, and the funds of the Railroad Company were handed over to the Contract and Finance Company in fraud of the other stockholders. ~ Since its completion in Any, 1869, the net carnings of the road have been forty millions of dollars. The memorial Tepresents that the road has been built in the most indifferent manner and at the least possible cost, and that the roed and its wretched and junsafe condition, and that it was all bujlt and completed ata cost not exceeding $35,000 a mile. The memorinl asserts that from the moneys acquired by them in their fraudu- lent contracts with themselves in building £0id road, and from the earnings thereof, the managers have built the California & Oregon Railroad, the San Joaquin Valley Rail- rond, o lafge part of the Western Pacif- ic Railrond, and the San Francisco Bay Railrond, all within California, and also & large part of the Chesapeske & Ohio Rail- roed in Virginia and West Virginia. That from the same funds thus fraudulontly ob- tained they have purchased the California Pacific Railroad, the San Francisco & Oak- land Railroad the San Francisco & Alameda Railroad, the Los Angeles & San Pedro Rail- rond, the San Francisco & San José Railroad, and a number’ of steambonts. That the managers have issned bonds upon the said railronds to the amount of $18,500,000, and have divided the proceeds among these four 1managers. That nearly all these railroads have been consolidated with the Central Pacific Rail- road, and these four persons bave named themselves os monagers. That the capital stock of the new corporation is $100,000,000, and the managers have issued to themselves §54,000,000, for which the memorial avers they have not paid n cent *“ except the same was paid for from money fraudulently and dishonestly abstracted by them from the funds of the corporation.” It is represented further that these four managers, out of the dishonestly-ncquired moneys obtained by them, are now building the Southern Pacific Railrond, and claim to own said road ; that they also claim to own personally all depot grounds and town sites along the lino of the Central Railroad. The memorial makes maoy other charges and accusations ngainst tho mansagers, all containing the averment thatthese men have continually robbed and plundered tho Gov- ernment for their own personal aggrandize- ment, and that they havo used their wealth and power to suppress and prevent all exam- ination and investigations into their conduct in the management of the property and af- foirs of tho Central Pacific Railroad Com- pany. The memorialists pray that Congress will intervene; that it will appoint a com- ‘mitteo to investigate the whole affairs of the Company, and thus protect the rights and interests of the stockholders and of the United States, which are now threatened with destruction. This same Company is now before Con- gress with a memorial that the United States buy back from the Company the land that was granted to it as a subsidy, and that the United States pay the Compony therefor at the rate of 32,000 per milo of the length of the road. While the infamous Credit-Mobilier opera- tions have been pretty thorov.ghly ventilated and exposed, nothing has ever been mnde public concerning the operations on the other half of the line. The memorialists, who represent themselves ss stockholders, aver that the Credit-Mobilier outrage was even more cnormous on the Central Pacific part of theroad than on the western end, and there is probably some truth in the mat- ter. The chiefs in the mansgement seem fo have piled up personal fortunes of & magni- tude rarely obtained even in California. COLVIN AND HIS ORGANS. In his Iament before the Council the other evening, ex-Mayor Colvin stated that all his troubles were owing to the newspapers, and singled out'fre Torsuse and the Timesashav- ing incited the opposition to him. Mr. CoLvy s not been a close observer of events or he would know that, when newspapers . run counter to the popuar sentiment and public interests, they fail in: tho accomplishmont of their purposes. Hrid Mr. CoLviN encomn- tered n unanimous cpposition from the Chi- cago press, his discomfiture would have been avoided if he had lreen backed by the sen- timent of the people ; and, on the contrary, if he had received the combined support of the newspapers, his usurpation would not have succeeded without the acquiescence of the peoplo. The fact is, however, thet Corviy has had his newspaper or- gans, which have clung to him as ser- vilely as if he owned them. From the very beginning of his administration up to the present time he has enjoyed the good will and sclive support of the sheet familiarly known ‘as the Bummer and Thieves Organ. All the time and space which that journ:l could spare from the de- fense of the Whi sky Ring have been given to CozviN's cause, including tho horde of city bummers at his back, the county bummers, and the town bummers. Everything ho has done, everythingz the old Council did in his behalf, everything that has been done by the Town Board thieves, and by any of the local officeholders in sympathy with tho usurpa- tion, has been sustnined by the newspapor which has lived upon the city and county printing, with all the force and ability it can command. Cowvry has also had an evening organ, managed by one of Acting-Governor Bevenmor's Penilentiary employes, prima- tily in Bevermocr's interest, but generally in the interest of affice-holders, including the city, county, snd town barnacles. Thus Cor- vIx has bad 8 moning and anevening news- poper presenting every pretext that he, bhis friends;, and his legal ad- visers (paid by the city) could sug- gest in favor of; his continued tenure of office after his tf me was out. If theso news- papers have nol, reached as many people a8 have the newspapers which have opposed his usurpation, it is partly because there are not so many ‘people in favor of official usur- pation, publi plunder, and professionsl bum- merism which ‘these papers represent. In addition to CorLvin's confessed newspa- per organs, e has part of the time had the support of the Staats-Zeitung, which even now does mot oppose him. He had the Témes with him when the charter of 1872 was carried by fraud. The Journal has never done more than give n mild and care- ful expression of public opinion. So the only active, censistent, and persistent oppo- sition which Mr. Corvy has encountered has been in the enlumns of Tae Trmuxng, which nevertheless has always printed his defenses of himself end all the apologies and legal ar- guments he Lias been able to purchase. :In acrediting his downfall to the influence of Tre Temoxe, Mr. CoLviy hias done us more honor than we would arrogate to ourselves. Tue Triouse, with all its circulation, with all its credit for fairness, with its constitu- ency, and with all its energy in this matter, could not have excited the popular re- sentment which CoLviy has met, and could not have brought out 35,000 votes for & new Mayor at a time when there had beenno formal, official call for such election, if it had not reflected the popular feeling. The naked fact is, that Tue TripuNE has simply embodied the real popular sentiment which is opposed to every usurpation, no mati.er how little nor bridges, trestle work, etc., are now in 8 { how great, and has only contributed to re- moving the ushrpation by giving & proper encouragement and indicating o legitimate direction to this sentiment. Had Tae TRIBUNE been foolish enough or corrupt enough to array its influence on the side of usurpation, extrivagance, aud bummerisin, it would cm}y have succeeded in lowering itself without in the least benefiting his bad canse. It would then have been in the same despicable atti- tude as the official organ and its small evening tonder. It would have depreciated its own character, Lut it could not have stemmed the current that had set in against bummerism or usurpation. Mr..CoLviy need not look be- yond his own circle and his own conduct for his troubles. Ho has brought upon himself the popular distrust and aversion fel.t for Kim, and it is at once fallacious and childish to try to put it on either Tr= TRIBUNE or the newspaper press as a whole. e THE DOOM OF THE TURKS. 7 The toils are slowly- but surely gathering abont Turkey. Tho telegraph has already ‘brought the intelligence of two new compli- cations which cannot help but precipitate her final doom. 'Tho first of these is the Salonica messacre which occarred a few days since. Salonica, the ancient Thessalonica, is o thriving eity of 70,000 people, neerly one-half of whom are Jews and Christians, situated on the gulf of the same name, on the Southern or Grecian part of Turkey in Europs. Later news gives a different aspect to the origin of the massncre. The first accounts, which were of Turkish origin, rep- resented that the young Greek girl was a willing convert to Mohammedanism, and that the Christians were seeking to tear her away from her Turkish friends. The reverse of thisnow seems to be the case, the Iatest statements showing that she was rescued by the chivalry of the American Consul from an attempted Mohammedan abduction. As the result of this rescue, the infurinted Turks not only commenceda massacre of Christians, but also murdered the French and German Consuls, and offered indignitics to others. For the first time in many years, {le French and Germans are acting together, and their warvessels are steaming towards Salonica with a common purpose in view. The war- vessels of Italy, Austria, Russias, and En- gland are also on their way thither. It isa movement of six of the European Powers in the interests of the Christians, and the pres- ence of these Powers, through their naval representatives, at Salonica is a notice to Turkey that these outrages upon Christions will not be tolerated any longer. The effect of this massacre will not only be to compli- caie Turkey still further with the Great Powers, but it will also in all probability de- velop insurrection against Turkish tyranny and Mohemmeden cruelly in o new quarter. Hitherto, the people south of the Balkan Mountains have been quiet and shown no signs of restlessness, but, this out- rago wupon tho Christian girl and massacre of her friends and co-religionists +will raise a storm of excitoment among the Greek Christians of Albania, Macedonia, and Rumilia, and must undoubtedly precipitate 2 war of the Christian against the Aoslem tyrants, thus consolidating the whole Greek- Clristian interests of Turkey against the Turks., Insuch astruggle there is no doubt where tho sympathies of the Great Powers will be found. The second of these ccmplications, and a very startling one, is the revolt of Bulgaria, which, coming so closely upon the revolt of Servis, now extends the insurrection from the Adriatio to the Black Sea. It has hither- to been difficult to ascertain the real strength of Servia a3 a war povwer, but s recent letter in the London Z'imes, from its Belgrad» cor- respondent, throws some light npon the sub- ject. Servia has 18 brigades of in- fantry, 44 squadrons of cavalry, and 928 batteries of artillery, in all about 80,000 men,who are well provided with arma- ments, nccoutrements, and stores, and the organization is based upon the effective Austrian method. Now, in addition to Ser- via, Bulgaria has broken outinto revolt. This provinco has a populetion of 2,500,000, of which the Mohammedan element amounts to only 170,000. Tho people are warlike mountaineers, and have more than once de- manded and obtained concessions from Tur- key which thelatter was disposed to concede, owing tothe well-known sympathy of Russia with the Bulgarians. It will bo difficult to prevent the Bulgarian disaffection from spreading into Roumania—the old Wallachia and Moldavie—which is inhabited by thesame race of people, having the same customs, sympathies, and religion, and separated from them only by the River Danube. Should such an event occur, as is not at all improb- able, for a- revolt in TRoumania would be encouraged by Russia, the whole of Turkey north of the Balkan Mountains would be under arms. It would involve a war which could not be settled except upon one coudition,—the extermination of the Tarks, or at least the blotting out of Turkey from the map of Europe. Sucha result would bo in the immediate interest of religion, civilization, and progress) and that rosult must come in the not distant future. ‘WORLD'S FAIRS IN GENERAL, Excluding the wretched failure and par- tial swindle in New York in 1853, which does not deserve to be classed in the same category, there have been five World's Fairs worthy of the name, and the Philadelphia Exposition is the sixth. The first was in London in 1851, for which the Crystal Palace at Sydenham wes erected, which was per- mitted to remain, and has ever since been a popular resort and the favorite location for monster concerts and great public celebra- tions. Paris followed with its Exposition in 1857. Then the London people in 1861 erected grander polaces in Hyde Park and South Kensington gardens to eclipse their French rivals. But Paris was not to be out- done, and the fourth sttempt was the Expo- sition Universelle of 1867. The fifth World’s Fair was located in Vienna in 1873,—a city that had long aspired to rival Paris in the guy attractions of a Continental capital, and expected by means of its exhibition to fix upon itself the eyes of the civilized world, and render itself famous for its beauty and pleasures. Of; all these exhibi- tions, though none of them was profita- ble as » financial enterprise, the only one which can be characterized as a disap- pointment and a failare was the Vienna Ex- hibition, which was loanded down with bad management, corrupt practices, and the in- ordinate greed of the people. The French exhibitions have been the most successful of all, inasmuch as the natural attractions of Paris are thus renewed to the world, and the French people enjoy the benefit of the ex- tended patronnge. The best evidence of this is found in the proposed erection of larger buildings than ever for another exhi- bition in 1878, and an intimation that there shall henceforth be a similar exhibition once every ten years. All these exhibitions have been liberally subsidized by the Govern- ments under whose patronage they were held, and the sentiment of the people of En- gland and France seems to heve approved of this investment of public moneys, on the theory that the people derive sufficient ad- vantages from the additional trade to war- rant it. It is peculiarly gratifying that all accounts of the opening of the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia egree that in the grandeur of jts design, the details of its arrangements, the completeness of its preparations for the opening, the extent of its buildings, the va- riety of its departments, and the judicious- ness of its mauagement, it surpasses all the previous exhibitions of the same character. There is no reason to doubt the correctness of this judgment, for it has been rendered after a long period of doubting, misgivings, and cavilling. New York, with an undig- nified jealousy and a singular short-sighted- ness a5 to the benefits it is sure to receive from the location of the Centennial celebra- tion so near to it, long refused to proplhesy anything but failare, and has for tho most part been chary of its public sttestation of what the Philadelphians actually accom- plished. Throughout the rest of the country there was for a long timo an apprehension that there would be a serious raid upon the United States ‘Treasury and a general distrust of the ability to man- nge such an enterprise honestly in the loose condition of the public morals indicated in other public trusts. But the Philadelphia peo- ple went on confidently and placidly in spite ofunkind criticism and ungenerous treatment, without any assistance from the Government until after their enterprise had become an assured success, znd elmost without the moral support of the Government. Thus they may be said to have conquered an ec- Inowledgment of their own industry, liber- ality, and judgment, and to have given the most siriking example the world has ever had of the vigor, determination, and character of American private enterprise. ‘The idea of holding 8 World’s Fair in Philadelphia 23 o becoming celebration of the American Centennial was first suggested, it is said, by an Indiana gentleman to Ar. Morroy Mo- Micmarr, some ten years ago, when the latter was Mayor of Philadelphia. The seed once planted, it grow steadily, in spite of .many unfavorable circumstances, including the dissensions incident fo recomstructing the South and the trials growing out of the great panic of 1873. Probably no celebration could have beer suggested that would have so successfully represented a century’s prog- ress from a colonial dependence and s pio- neering condition to a great nation and the highest degree of civilization. The expertence of the previous World'’s Fairs does not warrant the expectation that there will be any profit in the Philadelphia Exhibition itself. If the managers shall be able to pay off the entire cost, without re- funding any part of the $1,500,000 appro- priated by Congress, such a result will be a satisfactory conclusion of their Jabors; it will be & better showing, so far as Govern- ment subsidy goes, than London, Paris, or ‘Viennahas shown. There is one change which of itself would do much to bring about this outcome, and that is to throw open the Ex- hibition on Sundsy at a popular admission fee, say 25 cents. The increase of expense would be comparatively small ; the enlarge- ment of the receipts is beyond estimate. Not only the people and regular visitors in Philadelphia would flock thero in greet crowds, but therewould be special excursions from New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Ohio, and the New England States that vwould take thousands upon thousands of people who would not otherwise go there. The railroads could afford to run Sunday trains at a less cost, and the facili- ties afforded by such an arrzngement would extend the educational advan- tages of the Exhibition, as well as increase its income. No sectarian prejudice ought to be permitted to prevent this obvious im- provement in the arrangements. The most serious disappointment of the whole affair is likely to come to those who have paid or agreed to pey exorbitant prices for special privileges on the Centennial grounds, and those who have laid out more money in pro- viding temporary accommodations and out- side smusements than they can possibly get back. There will be serious individual losses on this account, and perhaps a large loss to the Exhibition Company in the failure to col- lect some of tho licenses they have counted on. Bat, in spite of all this, the artistic and industrial success of the Exhibition is so far assured already as to be a matter of national satisfaction and prid Fhe Emperors of Russia, Austria, and Germany will shortly be in session in Berlin to lay out a definite plan of action relative to the settlement of the Herzegovinian in- surrection, which has now spread through the whole of Turkey in Earope north of the Balkans, and threatens to involve the Grecian provinces south of those moun- teing. What decision they will reach remains to be scen, but thers are two propositions that will be considered, with a probability that one or the other of them will be adopt- ed. One of these is the submission to Tur- key of the final conditions of the insurgents, in a very firm and emphatic manner, and to extend these conditions to all the Tarco- Christian provinces. If Turkey aceepts, then Austria and Russia will pledge themselves to the insurgents to see that tho conditions are scrupulously fulfilled. The second, and more probable proposition, is to allow Austria to enter the Turco-Chris- tian provinces and occupy Herzegovina, Bukowina, and Bosnia, and to make inde- pendent States of Montenegro, Herzegovina, Bukowina, Bosnis, and Servis, thus inter- posing a belt of autonomous Christian prov- inces between Turkey in Europe and Enrope itself. This belt would undoubtedly be increased by the independence of Bul- garia and Roumania, which would be assured - by Russin. This proposition, if carried out, would force the Mohammedans into Moham- medan provinces, and isolate them in such 8 manner that it would put an end to the perpetual wars and massacres growing ont of Tarkish tyranny ————— The plea of the Now York whisky-dealers who have been indicted and placed under ar- Test, to the effect that all the whisky they ‘bought from the West came to them properly gmmped, and that they were ignorant of its being “ crooked,” is altogether un- fvorthy of serious consideration. The fact is that they not only bought, but in some cases actually sold, whisky for less than the tax, leaving no margin whatever for the material and cost of manufacture. It is sim- _ply ridiculous to suggest that they engnged in transactions of this nature without know- ing that the Government had been defrand- ed. These New York whisky-dealers are in every sense as guilty ns the distillers who did the actual swindling by the duplication of stamps, bribing of Gaugers, etc. ; for, if the dealers had not provided a market for the illicit stuff, there would have been no temptation and no gain in its manufacture, It is probable, indeed, that the principal pressure for swindling the Government camy from the dealers who handled the “ crooked* whisky, and also probable that i‘l:ey made more money out of the frauds than the dig. tillers themselves. There is every reason tg hope, therefore, that the prosecution agains the New York Whisky Ring will be in all rs, spects as vigoroug and impartial as in Evang ville, St. Louis, and Chicago. —_— Tt is a matter of considerable interest to thy great mausical public of this country that thy musical features of the Centennial inangura. tion were not only creditable but more thag or- dinarily successful. They comprised, first, thy great march written by WAGNER, at the ordey of the Women's Centennial Commission. Tig piano score of this classical production hay already appeared, under the arrangement of Mr. ToowAs, and is now the despair of planists, Although it will have an immense circulation fy this form, it is but fair to say that the plang score comes about as mear the real effect of thy orchestral as stage thunder docs the real arty, cle. The performance of it at Philadelphia seems to have been a most remarkable suceess, The Buck cantata, notwithstanding Laxtes! preposterous words, was also given with fing effect, and Mr. WinTNEY obtained a tumnltuony encore from the largest audience cver assembled in America for his singing of the bass solo in ity —a number to which we have already called at. tention in Tme TRiBUNE.. The dignity and majesty of Mr. PAINE'S setting of the Warrrizy Oymn also seem to have made a deep im. pression upon the multitude, notwithstanding the fact that the music, like the hf'mn, Is utten ly destitute of the popular Star-Spangled Ban. ner elements, and might have been written for the classical locality of a Rhenish festival or Gewandhaus concert. Mr. Tuoyas has added another leaf to his laurels, if not a whole crown, in having musically inaugurated this great show without a single trick of the showman or any letting down from his high musical standards, e ‘We nowadays hear a great deal about English justice, its promptness, swiftness, and cquality, but what ELizaperH TRACY, a young English girl of 16, thinks of it, may be inferred from the following facts: EL1ZABETH TRACY was ser- vant of a farmer in her native village. One morning she was sent out to the shed for wood. While there she dropped her brooch and lita match that she might sec to find it. Shortly afterwards the shed was on fire, and, although it was speedily extinguished, she was arrested for arson. She protested her innocence, explained how the fire occurred, and even said that she had been to the clergyman and told him all about it. Her prosecutor failed to show any motive why she should commit the crime, and her good character was established, neverthe- Iess the Squire committed her for trialatthe pext assizes. It is the law of England that no winter assize isheld ona circuit unless there are six persons to be tried. As ELIZABETH'S. neighborhood was a very quict one and there wers no other cases, no winter assize was held. Asno one could or would furnish bail, this young girl, guilty of no crime, lay in the jail seven long, weary montbs, and was then tried and acquitted by the jury, which did not leave its seats. Itisevident from the facts of this story of English injustice that English justics needs reform, and that exact justice would award this young girl some reparation which would be equivalent for the crime which the law committed upon ber. ————— Our atttention has becn called to an errone. ous statement concerning the operations of the sinking fund of the United States, contained in the following paragraph, which appeared in Tas TRIBUNE some days ago : Under the existing law, there is set apart every year not merely 1 per cent of the actual amount of the debt at the time the Jaw was passed. but also on the amount of the sinking fund, which increases from year to year. 70 continue this system will bs o constantly increase tcxation until the dedt should DLe entirely discharged; and asthedebtgrows small- er, instead of taxationdecreasing in proportion asit ought to, the burden on the people will grow larger. No party will undertake to sustain this growing tax Tor the liquidation of a decrensing debt. Under the law there is paid into the sinking fund annually 2 sum equal to 1 per cent of the then outstanding principal of the public debt. This sum is used to purchase outstand- ing bonds, which are added to the previous ac- cumulations in the sinking fund, and thereafter bears 6 per cent interest. The annual payments into the sinking fund therefore are: 1. A sum equal to 1 per centon the amountof the principal of the public debt on the 1st of July annually. 2. Interest at G per cent on the amount of the public debt purchaced for the fund. The operation is that the amount of the 1 per cent grows less every year with the decline in the amount of the debt, while the amount of interest added to the fund grows larger. No additional taxation is required, and as the pop- ulation is increased the proportionate taxation becomes less. ——— The testimony in the libel suit of the San Francisco Bulletin against the Alta California has made clear why the Bank of Californis failed, though it has scarce justified the cruel assault the Bulltin made upon RALSTON'S memory on the very day of his funeral. Mmis, now the President of the baok, and from its foundation a Director, testified that the examinz- tion of the bank affairs after the failurc showed that RaLsTON had used upabout four millionsof its fundsin his private speculations, and that the monthly dividends of 1 per cent paid to stockholders for the three years previous had, in fact, been paid out of the deposits. Of the four millions of the bank's funds lost by RArLsTON in his stock-gambling operations, about two and a quarter millions had been charged to the account of the sugar refinery owned by the bank. The only mystery about the bank failure in view of the testimony is, how the Directors were so easily kept i ignorance of its affairs while RarstoN was squandering their millions. —_—— The Iate brignzoo in Hayti was brought aborty it seems, by the despotism of the Vice-President RaMEAU and the connter projects of the revolt- tionary leader, Gen. LarQueT. The President a feeble old man, delegated the practical sdmin- istration to RAMEAD, who used his power o ar bitrarily imprison and' exccute his opponents until he had brought matters to such pitch that the populace revolted. Meanwhile Gen. LiB- QUET, who had planned overturning she Goverz~ ‘ment and scizing the administration, was march- ing at the head of eight thousand troops upoR Port-au-Prince. He halted his forces at request of the British Consul, and himself, accom| by a couple of 2ids, rode on to Port-au-Prince. He arrived just as the Vice-President, who had attempted flight with the Government treasure; had been murdered by the mob, which set TPOL LARQUET, who met the like fate. Having thut ridded themselves of the Vice-President and tht revolutionary leader, as well as having fright- encd off the President, the mob dispersed affairs became as nearly quiet as ever they 87 in that model Republic. S ————— Nation of brigands though they be, there 1] suflicient moral power somewhere in Greecs % make itself felt in the conviction of bribe-givert and bribe-takers. The ex-Ministers of Justict and of Ecclesiastical Affairs have each beed sentenced at Athens to imprisonment for te3 months and one year respectively for bribe-tak- ing, und the three Bishops who paid the bribes have also been convicted and sentenced to p3Y fines of double the amount of the bribe-monefs et The New York Herald has once more discov ered the great fugitive ©Boss” Twezp. OalY recently the Herald told how the Boss had been living in retirement up'town in New York City- Now it discovers that he wintered on the Mas kota River, only 6 miles above the point where it empties into Georgian Bay. There be W33 snowed in during the winter with a brace of chosen companions, .and _disguised ’nesth 8 scratch wig and the assumed name of RYAY, ing for spring to start up the saw-mill he leased. Unfortunately, however, the Boss wa thwarted In bis endeavors to enter UDoR 8 7%