Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, April 8, 1876, Page 9

LITERATURE., gplemoir and Correspondence of Caroline Xerschel. * Tho Heroie Life-Work of a Most Remarkable ‘Woman. Why We Laugh---The Law of Taz- ation and of Reoeivers--- Animal Parasites, ghort-Uand---A, Centenuial Guide--- Sketches Ly Klovence MeLandburgh. The Question of Plagiarisui-Prof. Swinton on Lo Blaking of ‘Toxt-Books, A Further Exposition of Swinton’s Ap- propriations---Profs. Adams and Payne. Anderson's “'Norse Elythology " — Robert Nicoll---Some. Facts About Leechos. LATERATURE. CAROLINE HERSCHEL esomma Axn Conm iz ov CamoList 1rne aourt, By Mis, Jonn pECitL. WRY Portraits, 13m0, PP 333 How Y D, Appleton & Lo, "Plso strongzeet Improsslon laft on tuo wind by 2 porusal ut thiy excendingly-tateresting biogra phy is ono of molancholy. Tho nunlimited ad- miration oxelted by the moble, horoie virtuus, and tho uncominot talento, of thosubject of the momoir, o overborne by tho intenso sympalhy felt for bor Iong lifo of uusollsh end unicgulted devotion to othors, Altruism wag nevoer more porfectly ilustratod than in this eminont exan- vlo, an tho right sad the wronz of o total aud willing sulf-abusgation wore mover batter os- emplified. Caroliuo Horsclhol offoctad o valuablo wotk in tho aid of Seleuce, and iu tho oxposi- tion of what n womau way accomplish in tho domain of pure’ jutelloot; yet tho groat worth of her lifu-rocord consisty in thalight it throws upon the fominina naturs, aud upon tho com- parative cliaracieviniicd of tho two eoxos Bha waa o represontativo ¥ woman, pos- weslng i a worked dograo tho truts that Lolong o Ano truest and higheat typo ; and, in studying Ler careor, much belp may bo gaed towards a right nudorstandiug of tho cssouco of woman's mental and morsl organ~ Ization, Tu tho eatly part of the,scventesnth contury. {ho family of Iforashels left Moravia, ou ncconnt of tupir adlicranco to the I'rotestant roligion, and settled in Baxony, 'They wero an honost and industrious gace, beatowing ou their de- scandants $ho storling qualitiow that conatitutoa preclous liorifage. Abrabarm Iferscoel, the grandfatber of Carofive, wus o siiliful Jand- eeape-gurdener, cmployed in tho Rogul demesno at Drosden : and I+aae, his youungest son aud tho father of Caroline, was a thoronghly-trainod winefeinn, and & haatvoy-player iu the band of tho Guards as ianover, Iu thot eity was varn, Marelt 16, 1759, Carolina Locratfa Ilorschel, tho eighth of a family of ton ¢hildron, four of whom diod in elutdhood. Vory littlo Is related of tho mother of thoso children ; but wa infor, from tho seanty statoweuts gven, that sbo wna » cobscientious, hurd-working, narrow-mind- ed persow, with no idea thet women of lier ks could or ehould boaught beyomd domostlo drudges, Tho father had enlightoned notiony sith rogard to tho ca- pacity and tho just aepirations of Loth wen and women, aud cevirad to give Carohno the samo edueation and secom ishuionts that ho allordad Ler brothers. ‘the matiiet’s ntucnco thwarted his desires iu this dircstion, an.d the girl wascon- domned to continual teli in tho latchen, or in tho chitmney-cornor over sowing or iinitting. Sho inhonted from kor’ futher on cxhinustless stock of patieuce, rosolution, and unselfiehnos ; and noither compiaint nor remunstranco kuomn to have cmannted from ber at tha deniul of her eager longing w0 sburo in tho instruction of her Lrothors, ‘krito, the family were in humblo elr- cumstancer, ang compuilod 10 strugplo with pov- orty, aug tho busy lopsc-mothor noeded the liolp of hor daugbter's bancs in porfoiming tho arduons dntien devolviog npon her § but tho ehild wag rofused minny nn apportinity 16r ne- quiring knowledie, with *what uppuara uutccos- gary nad unpartonablo crioity. Carolino nttonded fora time tho Cariison achool, learning to road, and to wnito a clear, open band ; but, at tho age of 17, sho had ac- quirad only tho rudimonta of un cducation, Iier fother surreptitiously gnvo lier les#ons on tho violin ; bnt hor mothar would not consunt to Lor lcarntug French, or to dance. fo tho porsonal Tiecollections™ wineh sho wrots outin lator lite for tho pratitication of Ler family, sho ro- waarks ¥ 5 Though T Lave often falt myself exccedjugly at o Joss for tho war:t of thosu few at complishments of whirh 1 waa thue, by an creoncons thouggh well-meanit oplie Jon of my totker, depivod, 1 eould 10z hielp thinking Lut that’ slio lind cnune for wisbiug mu not to kiow more than wak nefonrary for being usstul 1 tho (ot 3ly§ for 1t was her cectaln boiuf tuat my brother Wit 1am would have roturncd to Lis countrys nud my uldes! Lrothier not havolooeit 50 hiyh, §F they had n Jittla lea Tourninge o o o o wometlines T found it scarce- 1y possible to got thro with the work required, and ToIt very uulinppy that 1o tine st all was lutt for im- proving myself 10 1UBLO OF LaNCY-WOrK, The brothiers wera oll ezrofully trained Lo their fatbior's profession, und Ginpisyed in varsing doe recs ubusual proticicuoy In muric, Lhey, ono )y oue, 88 thay becamno of nge, ontored tho band of tho Cusrds, to which thelr faithor was at- tached. . ln 1765 the regunent was orderad to Eugland, and the fater sod two old- est wous wore obliged Lo occompany it. Willlam afterwaidy settled fn Engiand,— irst ot Loods, then et lalifax, ‘and subsaquently sk Dath, whora lo euccoed- ed to tho piaco of Mr, Linloy, thio fatnerof tho beautiful singer who e o runaway wmoich with Bhoridan, In 1967 lwaaa Merschel died, sftor o long aud paisiul illuess, which iag bomo with bravo fortibudo. *Tho worn-out enflerer strugilod the last threo yenrs of bhis lite, copying mwusio a% ovory mpare momont, asBisting at & concert only u fow weels Loforo Lia death, aud giving lesfous unbil hio wus ubll;;ud to keep wholly to Lis bed.” Tho loss of Uer fathor was a tesriblo Llow to Caroling, as it boreft ler of the one friend who symnpathizod with her inteusp desire for learmng, For five years longer she remamed at home, continuiug i her old ago she sadly oxptessed it—a sacrifico to tho servico of hior family, uudor tho utmost golf-privation, without the lenst prospect or hopo of future roward. Whan, in this piteoun, hobeloss way, Caroline bad roached the ago of 23, Lor brother Willam concetved tho idon that sho wmight ba uscful to bitn as ap sseiatant in hiv musical projecty, by singing 1o the cunceris and oratorlos which be evory winter conducted. 1llo propoacd tho plans aud, whilo the doclsionwaa rending, with char releristi enorgy Caroline liegen tho dovaloj- faont of her voico by taking—to quote lor owu words—** avory opportunity when all wers from howe to hinltate, with & gag botwecn ) teoth, tho solo parts of coucertos, shake and ail, such a3 I had beard them play on tho violin, In ¢ousequence 1 had gawed a tolerablo _exccution fure I knaw Liow to slug." Tt was flually con- cluded that Caroliuo should go to ber brother ; and m August, 1772, she found bLeriotf trane- tered to a Iorol‘xu laud, whpso custorny and lan- Gusz0 were wholly strange’lo her, $ibo was fm- ediatoly inducted into tho sctive lifo of hor rother, who was ono of the mout persistont aud tirelaes workora of whom we have ever road, Wiltiam $eruchel was & populsr tescher of mu- #le, iucluding 10 his list of Eumlu many ladics of nnky was organiat of tho Ocngon Chapol, com- Porer of much of tho music performad by hia Choir, and Director of the Publio Uoncorts. - Bug Ml thia Liord professional labor wan but the means Lo mn ond. It secured an fncomo, aud 200 leiuure, in which tuo musictan could pur- 8us the astronomical studicd which bad become % absorbing jassion. Evur{lupmnmnmaut of tle day,'sud” many houra of the night, ba loug 0 glyen to his favorita ressarches. Lue fu- Stumeuts then in use for observiug the heav- cny betng qnite Inadeqaate in pawer and affl- cieney, Willlam applied hta gonlus to thy tank of tmproving them, with resuita which ars gouere ally known, Carolina's volee, boing aubmitted to Loata, was found to hnve the tone and cnpncllfl that would qualify its ownor for carrying ont ber brotbor's purposes; and she was. thorefore, sot fo instant nod hard practico, **1Tad two or throe Jessous overy dag,” sho wriles, *and tho hours which wero not epont at the barpaichord were omploya.d A0 putting moin the way of manazing the taonly ' . . » Onthosecond morning. on moeu my brothar at breakfaal, ho bagan immodiately o glve mo a Joeson in Englieh and Arithwetic, and showed me tha way of booking and Lesping accounts of cash roceived and lad out.” In brict, tho entire burden of tho domestic affatrs —tlio marketing, tho control of her brother's purge, and tho keoping of tho honechold ne- counts—way thrown nzon the youngd pirl, in ad- dition to the labor of titting Buikell for singing t public. From boginuing lo end tho flea secuna nover to lave oceuricd to anv of her {atailv, that Carnline coulrd bo overinskod. or that eho conld winh for any othier destiny thau that of an Intalligent, alfectionato clave. Tiee brothier to:led ondlessiv himself, but (¢ wae to nccomplinh hig chosen putposes, Aw hin uever upnred hig own strongih oud time, he did oot think (o kpare those at hie slstors aud eha —irie womnn that sl was—rejoiend “ to apond and bo epent ** In tha sarvieo of him eho loved. Tho ruceans which Iorschol mocursd i con- etructing improved teloscopes for bik 0'wn 1o Lrought hin conetant orderd for their manufac- tare for othere; and gradunlly his housn was tuined into o work-shinp full of mechanew nml matcrinly, over which ho exercised s conttnual supervirion, -Cavolino proved 8o capabln a hoip- mato in evory department of Uerschol’s lubor that her nssistanco «was in constunt demand, now nan domontic, then as mueician, amain g tolescope-builder. and finally ao autronomer, An oxiract from the * flecollections” of 1774 indientes hor fucesaant activity ; Durfng this wimmer I lost the only famalo ac- quaintauces (ot frionds) T over had an’ opgortunity of Leing vory fntimato with, by Dulwer's fumlly res turning aguin to Leeds. For iy (ime was ao much tatien up with copying mueic aud prcticing, Losldes itewtuiion on my brother when polshmu—sinee, by vy of Laeping fiim alive, Twas constantly oblipall 1o food bin by pulting the victuls by Dits {nio his wontl, ‘Fhis was 0nco tha cano wiie, 1t order to fine i1 3 Tofoot mirror, ho had not tdion Lis Lands from 1t for sixteen hours together, In gereral, ha wan nevor unemydoyed nt 1acafe, hut wes always nt those times contifving ot innling deavinig of silinteror eame fu o yond,. Gesorady L was obilged to read to him— whitlut Lo wen at tho tursiug. Ishing mir- rors—licu Quizete, Arablin {nment, ng 1ea nud with which ha i the nuvels of Klornd, Viciding, o, 8 suppor without fnternupting thie work i, % o . atd sometinied lending s hand, , Jut time, ng veefat u member of tho worlk- & boy miglit bo to hu master i tho fleat yenra pprouticestip, o o o Bul,as1 was to taks © pazt the nest y2zr in tho oratariuy, I had, for 8 whols twvelvemontl, va lornoun o week trom Miss Fieming, 21-brztzd dancing misteess, to deill wia fors Howoman (CGod Lnows how slo succecded), Hved on without interruptlon, In prevaration for tho oratorios fv o par- formed fn ono_ gesgon, Caroltno **copicd tho gcores of the *AMeasiah’ and * Judas Maccabons {uto parts for an orchestra of naarly 100 por- formazs, and the vocal parts of ‘Eamaon,’ be- sldes Inatructing the t1oble singers, of which kho was now herselt tho first.” ter musical gifte and attainmonts woro such that, had eho been ablo to continuo her carcor ag o vecalist, there it 1o dontt but It would havoe brouight her an honoratlo reputation and a suflicient fortone, DBut thig was not fo be hor deaiiny. In 1752 Jlorechol accopted tho spiointment of Itoyal Astropomor, preferrmg the salary of £200 and liberty to dovote his entiro time to lus favorite pursuit to the hiveral incomn ho had cavnod by o drudgery of teachimg, Whatevor plan Uer- Nehel projected for luwuelf Includod Carolluo; for 50 usoful & handmald must necorsarily bo ro- tained by him. Accordiugly shn resipned, with- ont n muraur, tho prospoct of Indopendenco which opeucd before. hior In the muaical pro- Tession, aud rccompanied hor brothor ta bls now rosidenca in the vicimby of London. Of tho ro- suitn to hersolr of this movemont ahe wiites ¢ 1 found 1 was to bo tralned for au assistunt astrono. mer: and, by way of cncouragement, o tlescipo y.dod for * sweeping "—onstating of o tubs vitn Yo glassea, puch as a6 commonly tkod 1 a 4 fuder —-wus given ma, I was to ** ween * for cometn,' Twoo by tuy journal that I began Aug, 22, wnte down and dessribe oll rewarkablo appuar. saw it my * sweeps,” which wero Rouzontal, it wannot {1l ths Lt two moniha of the ramo yeur that I £ult tho least euconragoment to speud tha slar- lglit nlghin i n geasseplot covercd with dew or how frost, without a Likmaw belug noar enough to be with= i cll, , .. Dutalitheso troublea wers removed when T 'kiew my brother to bo et uo great distance, mukiug obsarvations with bis various lnatru- neuts o doubis aturs, planets, et and I conld have his naxfstance hmue-isitoly when 1 foumd . nobula, or eluster of atars, of which™ I fntended o y,.ve o cata- Jogue ; Lut, ot the end of 1780, I Lad oiily marked Fourteen, When tuy Breeping v interrupted by belug omployed to write Gown wy brotlior’s olnervationy witis $iso largo W-Loot, I hutl, Lowuver, the comfort to 604 1Lt twy brother wns satistiod with my cudeavors fo nesist Lim, when ho wanted anotlio: persou, elther ta run to tho clocks, writo down a mwemorandum, fotel ol carry Instruments, or monsure tho grouml with Poley, ote,, ctc,; of which comcthiug of the kind ov- ery moment wonld odeurs It waa & wacritica for Carolina to give up tho nso of the sweoyor, with whicti nlie could make ariginal obkervations and onjoy the chiarastor of mdeptndont actronomer, for which slhio was nd- mirably eaicalated by iutelioct, onthusins:a, and {raining. Yet, 03 in overy instances 1w bor lifo, #ho chiearfnily dropped into Lhie rolo of nesistant when Lerucivicos as such could bonefit another, “In tho begimming of Docomber," her record 1uny, *Ibecamo eutirely attached to tho write fug-dosk, aud hed soldom an opportunity aftor that timo of using iy nuwl{;flaqnlmd instru- mont."” Hunning about in the darl, in atiend. anco upcn her brotor, wus sometinies dange; ouy a4 woll t8 disagrocublo busivoss. On one oceaston £ho notes Tha cvening had Leen cloudy, but, atout 10 a’clack, & fow stars Lecamne vielble, aud in tho greatent Luiry wan got ready for obsarving. My broidicr, at tha front of tho tulcacope, dirceled ma o ke aowe al- teratious in tha lateral motion, which was done by ma- chiuery, on whichi tho pivot'of wuppert of tho tube and mirror rested, At eich ond of the machino or trough waa an fron lionk, wuch ag butchers uso for hange ing thiete jomnta upou, and Luving to Tun tu tho durk oa ground covered & foot d.ep with elling rnow, I fell ou ouo of (heso Looks, which eutered my right abovo thoknee. My brother's eali, * Mako® haated' { could ouly nnswer Ly & pliiful cry, I um hooked 1* 116 and tho workinan wery instantiy with me, vut tiey ol not 1t nie without Javing noarly two oitnces of 10y dush behind, ‘Tho workman's wifo was called, but wan afralil 10 do auything, end I wus obligod to Lo suy uwa aurgeon by auplying squabtisado aud tyluga Landkorehict abont it for some days, Uil D, Liud, Doaring of my accldent, lrought ma vlutment sud lat, auid told me bow to uso tuom. At tho-cul of WX weala T bogan to haye aomo fears about 1y poor Umb, and anked pygain for°Dr, Lind's opluton, 1le sufd, if o soldier bad ot with such a hurt, ho would have beon eutiticd to pix woelis’ nurelng In & hospital, 1 bad, howover, the comfort 10 Lnow thiat my Lrother was no er of tho o #liop no ot i Laner tirongh this accldent ; for the fema nlght wan cloudy, anil several nfghta aflerwards of- forded only o faw whort futervals favorablo for sweep- ing; aud, until tho 16th df January, thero was un neceastsy 'for ¢xpostuy myaolf for & wholo night to tho vevority of thio saanon, How Cuaroliue or Lor brother managed to got timo for Bloepini 18 8 matter of woudar; for, aftor a night spont in observing, thers followod 8 bunvy taxk in working ont caleulationa, and Elupnrlug reporta aud papeta for publication, esiles the onlinary work of ovorlooking the maaufacturo of tolescopos that was consiantl: goiug on, und tho sapervision of the lousehold, which was Caroliue's pocuhnr duty, Tho work of polishing wmirrora wus ot thin time dine one tiroly by hand,~—n tediona avd tiresomso piocess, —nud, 1 Ler lelsuro hours (1), Caroline toilod et it along with the others, **At ono timo," wo yead, *uo lesy than twonty-four mon (zwolve and twolve, relioving oachi other) kent polishing day aud might s wy brather, of courso, never lonviug thot all thio while, takimg his food withe out allowing Liwsol? timo to uib dows to talie,” 1u 1787 Curoling was appointed by tho Crown ihio assistant of hor brothor, with a malary of £60, Wo copy her note uf tho fact, on account of tho touchung didcloauro it makes ; In October I received £13 104, being the frst quar- toriy paymeut of my sality, aud o firet monoy I cvor it sl my lifetig thoughl anyaclt to bo at hiborty towpend 10 my ovn Hing, A gleab unessinoss wus by tula smeans removed feom muy mubnd s for Wough T Yiad gouerally (und eupesially durlug tho' last buny elx. yearn) been altnoat the Leejyee of my brothor's puree, Avithy & chiurgo L0 providy for vy parsouat wanls unoxing {0 my ueeounts the weniorandum, for' Car., £0 tho suma 50 Ldd_aut,—whelt €3t up, thoy hardly ameunted Lo £7 0r L8 par year sluco thu tioa wo bad Teft Lath. ‘Tho faitnfal, devoted sistor hnd rondered, day and nignt, i ceueuloss and aliliful worvice, that Eould nob ba prooured from uny hired labor, and you had nover Lufora hud s peuuy ut or com~ inand that sbe fels was Lier own ! Accurdlm; 10 thio unbappy custom tuo comwonly practiced by mon towards the wamoi dopendeut upon thew, the money bestowed upon Curoline Ly her brothor wii regavded in the lght of 8 4ift ; sud, wotthily ns shiu had earued a generous income, the proud, sausitive.sphiit of tha woman forbade her appropriating from Lhe snui i hor Landy moro thay sitliced for her moat piossing neuls, here iy a double lessor in this eiguiteant elr- cumstanco, thas applios to tue subjnct of tho comparutive morality 11 monelary wifairs be- twaen men Bud wouien, Buortly atter hor publio rocoznition as the collaborator of har bruthor, Miss durscicl waa called npon to endure one of the wovoresl woe- rowe that can bo Visitod upon s womau. Yor uixteou yoars wbs bad beou the companiou, the helpmeat, the sorvant, of her brothor,—fallitl- wig bor dutios 1u oach of theso cap citios with & readinoss, & dextority, aud a fidslity, that love enlighteucd by intolloct can sloue lapira, ‘Tue atrougth of hog wifoctions, which balauced the vigos 0f Ler mind, was coucentrated upon (luy THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, APRIL, B 1876--TWELVE PAGES. brather ; and ahe regarded him with the ox- elusivo and rlevated euthusisam that charastors izas the attachments of womon. 8ho lad merzard her Individuahity entiroly in bie. €hn had sace riticad for him her hopas of an ladependant caraer. and Lean mare than contont—bean happy ~—t0 liva Aolaty that abo minht, by the unaliccod otponsn of overy faculty of her heart and mmd. aid Lim I tha sezompliebe mont of his schemes,—tha advancomont of Itis fame. Herschel had accopted the counceran tion of his mztot's (ife to the promotion of lud intoreaty, and had sawarded it it a fond and aprreciative aifection, 1t wonid b2 too mnsn ta expact or ani: that lio sltould repay the woman's dovotion with an equa} wvacrilico of Lia own natural melluatione, ~ In Muy, 1749, ho wes mat- riod, ang, Caraline's sorvican being no loagar ro- quired ry housckaoper, elin Ictt the homa which wan 3!mont a8 dnar 9 her ag thoo 2 had presided ovar ft ou a v ofo:th passed her solil e onlv comment o thix gread 1121 ehange I her clreamstances veads ng failva + £l nu f2e miy brothe er's mnrriage, it mny eastiy toecd that UG have heen fally ompioyod (havder mitdig lovronn) fo LYepare wierUdng oo seell as 1 eoald against tho Lme 1 wan to give iy the pincs of o bauvas keepet, Up to thia periad her bionraphy has been based upon the reealicetions of her hfe whici sho horaolf racacded, but now thero occurs o hiatus of teu ynars. It i inttated thae the record was continnod throngh this wpace of tlmo, but thal the lamenta of & braised Jeart were e0 froquent that (ho record was in later years dontrovad, that {s might not give pain to survivora, ‘Fhough dissoverated from tho do- meatic 1o of Lor brothar, Carotine utill ratained tho porition of aswmrtant in his aotronomical work,—spaning ler tigbts i tho stuly of tuo heavons, and boe days in writing and in elabo- rating mathomatical formulys, It was during this poriod that sho maddo xome of her moxt fm= partant oiiwinal obiervations, licforo the close of 1797 sho had aunounced the discovery of eight comets, of live of which slie was e~ knowladgotl s the eatliest obanrver, ‘Lho 1ctiring disposition and the necluded habits of the woman aro roveaied 10 o praiaue Tiom a latter to the Presidont of the Royal So- cicty, which wo oxtract, It rofors to u visit to London which the writer made unattende I linva m 1tt1 faith I tn ovpedition of messengara of all dencriptions that 1 uwluitouk to ba tay owa, with un futsution of stopping o town and write sud deliver a lotter mysell: but, unfortunateiy, 1 under 100i the Lasi with unly the preparstion of ono Lour's aleep, and, iaving 1 the courso of live years uover Tole nhove 2nflce st n tme, the 20 to o beaidun of G 0F 7 mers 0 Gr unfitted me for any a-tion, van 4o keud 8 Lo tako 89R1G pain 1> periuada me to go thin murhig to 1y my Tegects to Llr Josoph; but T thouglit & wouman who knows 80 Jiltlo uf the’ world oughl not to alw at aucd an honor, but go hotav, yhero who ought to be, aa caon o pussitle, In anothar lotter, fu roply to congratulations upop ber product.on of tiae “fndex to Flom. ateod's Obrervatious,” sho writes, with wt and with hum. ity : But your haviag thougkt I¥ wortay of tuo press Las a wy vanlty not 4 if Xoit e, wir, 1 do 0w if 10 bo valt, berauss T 'wonid not wish to bo i 5 ol waa there ever n wowzn without vausty 2 ~-or 0 1an ofltier f-only with b3 difer ne a amont; geativnion tho Commodity 1a gecratly stylod wibilion, Although Miss Herachel destrod Ler vrother £ recoivo overy nwatd for the joine work they accomplishad, slio could not escapo the meed of fawa aveordad {o distingnisiiod ablitien and ex- sitod chavacter, The nterest excitod by her was only second to thut awakened by her hrother, and the consideration paid him by eminont por- 80MA208 OF ovory clany wora shiared by tho nister, Yet by easual allusions only is tho faze botrayed fn her diary, During o visit to Londan, m 1811, there fs tho pagsing wention of **'Ihe ovening aguin at Bucatngham Iouse, whero I juat are nived a4 tho Queen, and Princesses Elizabeth ond Murv, and tho Princess Buphia Mathilda of Gloucestor, wera ready Lo atep into their chnirs, roiug to Carleton Houso, fult drersed for n fote, ond, meeting mo_aud Mrs. Goltormann in tho ball, they stopped for noar tun minutes, making cach in their tarn the kindest inguiries how I liked Loudon, ete., ote,” 1t is to tho diary tiat wo are mainly indsbied for tho wcidents marking ths years bptwesa 1800 und 1822 and, m o lifo 5o dovoted to an unvary- ing routino of work, the diversity in theso is ox- tremely little, In 1814, when Miss lorachol bad reachied the ngo ol G4, sho makos the follow- ing siguudeant wemorandum : The winter wan nncommonly ssvere. My brother uferad from fndisposition 3 wit I, for my pact, felt 1 akould nuver be anylling elro but au fnvalid for life, Lut wadeh I very carefuliy kept t3 tyoit, o T wished 0 b useful to iy Lrothor as loug 35 1 poaatbly could, Tu August, 1832, the brother dicd, at tho ngos of 84, atter o Jong period of praunal dechno, ‘Pho vlstér, loft desclato and Loart-broken, liaye teuad to giit tuo country wharo sbo had dwelt and tolfod Jast fiity yoars for tho sake of tho lovod onr 1w takon froi her. 8ho was twelve yoars youugor than her brother, and thoreforo, at tlis dato, ou old woman of 72; yet, until hoe brothat's hand was stivencd in doath, she did a0t Jet fall from hor own tho dmiy ocenpdtion at tho writing-desi or 1n the worki-room. A younaer brothor was wtill living in llanover, and to bim #ho turned In her boreavoment for eompanion- slip through her remaiving years, William, who iad sequired wealth by the maunfacinre of teloscupos and the property nequired with his wifo, bogueathed to hia sister un annuity of £100. 'Lhis moro thau unawered for hor frural needs, tururing hor ull that was uecessary for tha comforts of old ugo. Aftor her removal to Hanovor, ber Jife was pro- longed through tho unespected torm of twwuuiy-six yours, Though the day of severs uud proiracted effort wud now ovor, sho long coutivusd to mainutsin the liveliest 1otorest iu tho progress of Astrovowmy, aud Lopt up a fro- quent corrospondouce with her nupbow, Bir dutin [erechal, in whoso labora she keonly syn- patiized. At Lo age of 74 shio finmbed horluat great work, * I'ho Leduction und Arrangoment in the Yorm ol a Catnlogue, 1 Zoues, of All tho Btar-Clusters aud hebuluv Obsarved by bir Willlam Herschiol i His Sweeps.” 1n honor of this achiovomont eho secoived tho (Giod ,Medal of tha Roya! Astronomicnl Society, and the oxtraordinmy distiuction of on Honoraiy Mowbarstip, On recoiviug thiy_ recouition of lLor servicos in tho causo of Seieuce, Miss Uersctiel modestly romnrked : ** A httlo praise I8 vory cumforiable, end 1 foel confident of biaving desorved §t for my patienco. and perao- vernnee, but uono for my great npilities or knowledgo.” Wheu, at tho nge of 82, sho leard that her nepliew wid woing to tho Capo of Goud Ifopy, thore to pursuo his astrouomicsl resoarches, sho exclalns, with o renawal of tuoold euthu- alusmy, “Jalif L wow thirly or forty years youugor, aud could o, 100, 1 Gottes uamen 1" At her last birthday, fu 1817, members of tho logal family of lanover visited her, a1 way thair customn un those foto-tays, ond, wstaying with Ler nearly tx0 hours, 5bo couvordsd withe out rolaxation, and ovon sang to thiom & compo- witfon of Sir Williaw's, **Supposs Wo Bumg & Cateh." Jan. 10, 1814, sho bronsuod her lust in u puinless nleop, oudiug her lifo, aceording to Nobire's _original intention, by a veritable guthanasin, 1o lior colliv, in obedienco tu her dircotion, woro pluced **a lock of hor Loloved brothor's haly, aud an old, almoat oblitorated, nl- wanau thut had been usod by bor father,” ler atns woio * fuliowed to Lis grave by many relations und friouds, tho Koyal carvingod form. ing \ll”m of tho procession 5 tho coillin was cove orad with garlands of Iaure! nmd oypress, and palm-brauchies, sout by tho Crown Priucess from Heynbousen ; and tho holy words spolien over it woro utterod i thut yame garrisou-churen ju which, nuurly a contury betors, sho had baon ohristonod, sud aftorwards conlirwod,” In cansidoring the lifo of Caroliue Ilerschel, who tor fifiy years woriad aido by side with her brothor, oxeouting o mau's duties in what may Lo termed specilieally a man's flold of labor, thers ia affordod an iuterostivg opvortunity for companng tho physical sud wental poaers of two exzeptionally and simlarly eudowed indie viduals 6f opposite soxes. Loth inhorited from 1hie sumo aticestors vigoious sonstitutions, active tolieets, indofatigable wuorgy, and limitloss nspiiation. From tha outsot, 1he o0 was slimine Iased nud oncouragod by tho intluvueds of edu- ention, aud by the progpeat ef a trag, indopend- out cataar. ‘Tl ochee was restrulned and dis- abled by o purposely-resticted culturo, and by hoadage to mebisl kol unondiog servisudo, Thn 0110 way traiued Lo suek avd onjoy an Ludividuat ifo; the cther was alinwed to huva no sopavat esistence, Lut to live solvlv for the good of otbers, When the two simultancousty gave themsolves to the study of Astronomy, {he ona had tio comumand of bimaelt, of Lin time, and, by s proper developmost, of hiv mind; tho other was o servitor, roquird to yield the obediencs and the uction of o macline, with no liberty to plan or o pureuo perdoual incliuations uny direction, and under the necosaty of pickiug-op ju u desultory wau- nor, sfter ‘work was tmrly undertaken, thy knowlodye thst wea essuntial to e execotiva, With the superior facilitios of overy woit thug aided him, the one ac.juired u great nomo, un winplo fortune, aud the basppincss of conjupal Ltu; the other, binderad and hawaperod by trae wondous obatscios sud ombarrassusuty, oarie.d & secondary (umo, tuwitigated dupendeses, aud thio solitudo of celibuey, Tha ovo with & maysn. lina frame diod alter years of painfal de:av, ut- terlv warn vut by heroaloan eitorts, as tho age of 84; tho other, whose fomiuine organization had boan subjected to the soveress wear and toar, day sud uight, yoar in and yoar oft, for a full, balf-contury, survived to thosyo of U3, pessin through the last vears of dectine to the gravo by tho easy geadations that aro incidout to rmlurul conclunion of tha eycls af hunan ox- nenno. 1t in dtnpoeaiha to dectdo how nearly Carolins Herazhel "waut® bavo equaled her ‘lnstrions brother {n iutolioctanl achievements had sho whared equally his opportamties. Reflecting npon tha lmmense disabilities under which #hn labred, wa can only marvel at the wondera nhe accomplished, Iler own estumate of her work ia uxpressad In the doclaration . *‘1did nothing for my brothor but what & wall-teainod puppy-dog wontd havo dono : that is to say, I did what he commandod ma. 1 wanameie ool whizh ke had tha troublo of shapsuina.'” Da, i behtthing hior mervices a4 way lier wvont, sl ooo unconscionly iGdicsted soma:that of her wirnrying facnities, Ly zaying of hor work as nttendant when her hrather was uring the tale- “*An obsorver nt your 0-fout, whon g, wants no hing but a being who can and u i oxeeatn lus commands with tha quick- neas of Hghsuaigt for vou Wil Lavo seen that, in wans . ALx OF L7120 K12 oblests have Lagn woctied and doseribad 1w “na minuto of tin THE LAW 07 TANATION, A Taratisr of THR EAW 07 TATTDN, INctunixa THA Lot 0% LGAL ASERISIENTY, My THodAe M, CrLoLeT, byo, PR, 7L Caicazs. Cailagnan & Co, 1474, Thia olzborato tieatise of Judga Cooley's le. e Leliova, tho first publisied 10 thia country in which lius boen attempted a comprohianuive view of tha entiro law relating to taxation, national, taunteipal, and local, Whila political and cconomical queationy aro ns far s por- ptble amittad from coosideration, the entire eub- Ject relating to the power to imposa taxes, for what purposa theas may Lo lovied, aod the con- wtitutional limitations upon taxation, 19 exe hnaustively treated, Bpocial chanters are also davolod to the topies of tho unifurmity of tazan, thoir spportioumont, resoyamonts, aod the vot- 1z of taxos, 88 to which tho decisionn of the Courts of the saveral Statesend of the Unitod Staton are earofutly colinted dawn to the date of publication. o _oollection of taxes, ths Law rointiva to tha Collecter's warraut, and the curing of defectd i tax-procesdinga, aro als> transed of ju oxtenao, Tl author sates 1u juw profaco that Lis work Ia desiuned, not aw s digest of the Inas and decislons of tha reveral Suntes, with their dissimilar systoms of taxation, but an » prosentation of tho general rules of law un. derlying them all. An examination of the book glhowa that o has closely adliered to the law ag it {8, fortafsing hia stutemonts by cluborata cite- tion of nuthorities ; and that, while on many unnottled points ho has had to advancs his opin- ion#, ho has at tho sae tima fully adduced the authotition by which #{a validity may be tested, Judro Cooloy's work ia s valuable addition to tho literatuto of tho law upon & moat knpurtout subject, of which it fa the first pinlsgophic, com- yprehiensive prodontation that has heon made, THE LAW OF RECEIVERS, A TREATISE OX TRE LAW OF REce.vens, Iy Jastes L, licit, byo, pp. G30. Chicago: Callaghan & Co, 1970, ;s ‘I'nis work ecompletos the serics of text-books rolating to :oxtraordinary logal and erquituble romodios, ugon which the author haa long bosn engagzed, sud will rank no leas highly than his *Jreatios on Injunciiona” snd “Law of Ex- traordinary .Logal Remodies,” It comprises & cleary comprehiensive summary of tho law relat- ing to this é‘m“ important barnch of oquity Jurisprudenz®, Tho citationa of anthorites aro very full, both of tho Inglivh and Awerican casen, uud oro brought down to the dato of pub- heation, Tho srrangemont of the work is clear and logleal, Leginmaoyg with n goneral roview of tho jursdiction under which Receivers are ap- pointed, aud proceeding through o diecaumion ot the elgibility of a Receiver, his possesuion, fuvetiouw, nud lintnlity, Suits by and against Recervers, and the Inw rolatiog to Leczivers iu cagos af truet, niortgaso, aud in nid of Judg- niont-creditors, aud of tus propertyof ‘rallroads, partnerships, and corporations, are exhaustively treated. ‘e valus of the treatiso i onhanced by on appoudiz of practical forms. It will de- servodly take rauk awoung the standard toxt- vooks of the profession, £r onc of tho most vaiuablo and piiitosopbicsnmaries of the waole inw reiating to Recoivors and Itecoiveralips, ANIMAL PARASITES. THr INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIQ NEMIZS, PANASITLA AMD SlieRuatks, Ly D, J, VAN, DBise LoEN, Professor nt tho University of * Louvad renpondent of the Institute of Frauce, hty-thred [lusiratious, 19mo,, po, 274 Yurz : D, Appleton & €2, Ho who looks in this work for tbo life-history of any of tho curious creaturcs iucluded under thia title of ** Parasites and Mossmatos " will bo disappointed. It has not outered into tho plan of the author to givo ovon the briefest sketches —enva tn pothiaps a holf-dozen canes—of thoso Qopeudent beings which owe thoir welfare, dur- ing o part or tho whole of thoir oxistence, to tho aid afforded by hosts of agsociates, On tho con trary, tho scope of tho book is limited to an onmineration, with ranuing comments, of tha apecies belonging to all claseos of the animal kingdom which sock hietp, ju tho yroat struzgle for lifo, from a neizhbor or a victim. Tho as- somblave of nuimaly thus ranzed togethor in tho dilTorent categotics of measmates, mutualists, and parasites, form o surprising host, which 1t 14 instructive to consider, alositin o oursory wauner, ANIMAL SHORT-HAND, MaNUTAL oF TARIGRAFY: Avarted ros Usr 1t Hian + With Bose Lxncises By D, P, LiNvsLEY, Au- “Tho Elements of Tachygeathy,” iz, 1mo,, 0 119, Chieago : D, Kimballl ™ Price, $1.25 ‘I'ho short-hand systom taught in this manual line met with geuorsl spproval whorever prace ticed. It ia claimed 1o bo much more easily loarned and remsmberad than the art of stenog- rabhy, whilo.it is much more btiaf asud rapid of exccution. Tuo ndvaniage of a stvle of writing which alloviates time and troublo will bo acknowl- odged_ by all who are compelied to mako o con- siderublo ngo of the pen, To tleir oxamination the preasnt text-book makes o sirong sppenl. A, CENTENNIAL GUIDZ. VinTon's GUink to THUE CRNTENNIAL Ltuistrion AND PUTLADEL®IEA, Authorized by the Centenalal Board of Finiuee, suid Approved by thio Director- General, The only Guide-Baok Bolid on the Exhibis tlon Gronnds, 16mo,, pp. 43, Puiladolplila: 3.1, Lippdacott & Co, “Lhiis tittlo haud-book gives, in & cempact. and convenient forny, such juformation as tho stran- ger to Puiladelphta will desivo to Lave duning & visit to tho Contennial, It s accompanied with waps of thecity and of the Expomtion-grounds, and within 1t3 limited spaco crosds & Inass of “.w{lllll directions, minutely mnd explicitly pro woutod, SKETCHES BY FLORENCE M'LANDSURGH.O Mosars, Janson, MeClurg & Co., bave in press n volumoe entitted * The Automaten Ear, and Other Hketehes," by Florence AeLandburgh. Its contonts ombraco, bosides tho ozsay glving namo to tho collection, tha following: Tho T'aths of tho Soa ; Reinhart, the Gorman ; and tho Silver 1slot. Tho papora are repiioted from cortain of our loading periodicals, whoro, at tho timo of their bublication, they attracted unusual notica by thelr subtla vein of thought, snd su- parior uterary stylo. WHY WE LAUGH. Thero oro but faw peisons in the conutry who have not heard of tho Ilon, 8.5, Cox, Yor many yours ono of the ablest cditora in tho Stato of Ohio, he eutered Congress somowhero in tha ‘504, aud fsorved olght yoars, Ile subsoquently changed s rozidenco to tue City of New Yark, where i soon won tho contldenco of &n admir- {uy; constituency, and hias Loon oluctod ropeated- ly to Congress, 1lo hLias Lorotofore published wovoral Looks,—** Buckeyo Abroad; * Eight Years in Congresa;" and * Wintor Bunboams." Mr. Cox has boon atl his lifo a man of capti ing mopuats and addroyd, Ile bas introduced wto all s epeoches and addresecd a vein of humor which 1s peculiarly Ins own. Though recogniza:d a8 & man of exceilent hunor, hu 1e 10t 10 be rauked nv o moero humoriss. Hois one of tho clenrest-headed and most skilifal parha- mentariana in Congress ; is o protonud student of pohitietl cconomy, and a goutleman of culture in ovory sonse, Ilis reatings have bean exlou- vo, uind No hag profited by them. Helsa froquent speakier, aud sumes of” his epeechies will Tank smonyg ablest ond most thoughtful productions {the debatos of Cougross. In alt tuo changes of pptitics, whether ho bo it tho majorty or minoaty, hissbility and hix experiendo have heen recogulzed be all par- ticy, and ho bud beon always aasigned to Come- wittoos whero thes qualitics are essential, Bt Mr, Cox hus a ustional roputation sy & hamotrlst, Huwor 14 & constant wervisor of his, 11 npeochou nro made brilhan t by his nufailing plussantry, und tho victim of his ridicule 18 dis- wrmad of angor vy the kind and geusrons man- nor in whicu the operation is pertormed. Ous of the best instauces of tho effsotivoness of his roaly power of humorond illustiation wasa spoech delivered in tho 1louse during the War, iu oppagition to the bill sdmitting Cabinet-omis cors to - the privilego of debate in the House, ‘I'lie #poech was o broadsida; it placed the prop- ou:tion in wuch # [udiorous light that, whon e clognd. the bill waa laid on the table by an almost usanimous vo'e, It 18 & nunfortune to somn man to malie s good liumorous H’)Mch. hia £amuit 1e, that the publio nidopt tha theory thst the man ean m1ka no other kind of apnachies, and, when ha mpoaks nnd (8 not kinmorous, then ho ta pronounced & taiture, Mr. Cox haw triumphed nvor this some- what doatructiva ruie, He lias shosn that ha #an make spooches which ara nat remaskaola for thair humor anly : and that ho cas s humor- oua, and at the ‘samu tiws noue the lesn able ant justructiva, Mr. Cox haa {ust had nublished by tha IHar- pers & worsz entitiad, *\Way Wa Laugh" wisich tha snbjuct of *ffumor " 18 dressad up in avory forra that can intarest an ordinary mortal. The book 4 8 treat to the intalligant readsr, It 1 not & book of fosta, nota compiiation of aliarp of witty savinga. but an admirabla disous- man, with plantiful illusteations, of tho reasons Wiy Wa Laagn, It 18 wall written, by s man who uudaratands tho subjest upon swhich ho wwritos, by a soholar, by su orator, Ly & min to whotn bumor is & natural gift, and who ean ap- preciato it iu otuars, Tho work 14 an ivsorestiug contribution to Americsn litorsturo. BONKS RECEIVED, By Luwanp 1oLtock, 12ma, phh 212, 3 1. Lippiueott % Co, Chlsago: X Price, £1. Lew A aeen, By Ciuanies lzine Nus, 1mo, 4, Pl ipbla: . Vincott & Go, " T S p' Titr LUy Disapro1NTsteNt, By Fronencr MARAar. ATT. Taper. Lot rtug. ceuts, BErTinus Frizon: on, THr. By Natnaxien Hawtunnnre, 19m Doston: Jamier It, Ongoerd & Co, Prics, . TLEMINTARY PHYSICAL Osnauasity, A. I'nocron, I, A., Authur of * The Sun, Porte, ete, Ihuse tratedl, 14mo, e $. Philads . B irels Tno. 5, iladelpui Lip. L Wit A 'OUNG Thie or10m, B, A, Attthor lnstrated, 106mo,, * J. B, Lippinett & Co, 10108 'AXD_ FitiLoworny or non TuroPIILUS PAR NS, bimo pp. I8, Toston: Ituserts Drothers, Ghicago: Jatisen, McClurg & Ca, Price, £1.25, PENIODICALS RECEIVED, Penn Monthly for April (Pein Monthiy Association, Pmiluiphiz). Contenta: “ The Month;™ * Cor: Telated Growll,” W, W, Rinsley 1 4 A Fortnight In Blely, "6 L Malire; “ariiel's Pln of Reaump. tiou.”’ by Trof. Deuslnw: * Dr, Tcrace Dunbuel,” Ly Joha Dyer; A Faw Thounlis ou Bubjeets of Drevent Iutereat,” by Juha Wrish; “The Gobi Btatement Carrecte ), by W, 3 Y The Art of " Backer § Engiivh Comvoritlon,” by Prof. J. G, It McElroy b Neaw Bg! 1 SJ’II‘)'“"I Law Rerieie~Agril (G, I, Jones & Co,, Bl Louin), Ameriean Huslder for Anril (4 uerican Burlaer Pub- lsting Catpany, New York). Anterican. llcokseller for April 1 (Amerleun News Company, New York), Lt 'Cloolmanter Sor April (Cook & Mewett, Nor- s, TILY, Anwrican Naluralist for April (M. O, lfoughton & Cu., Boston), A I»)lffl'll’y World for April (8. It. Crocker & Co,, Ios- oul. PROF, SWINTON OM TEXT-BOOK MAKING. To the Léitor of 1he Chicago Tribune New Yonx, March 20, 1876.—\When your cor- respondent, ** Investigator,” let off his double- shotled blundetbuss,—tho oneshot (e:attering) at me, for allogod piratical inroads on the private pregerves of cortain unprotectod bistoriaus, and tho other (demgued, alasl to Ls barbed and poisonous) at Prof. Adams,—1 had two foolings : Firat, that of deop indignatiou ot the malice of the sssanlt on Prof, Adams,—an assault which, to use o Tennyronian lina, was “The viler, an underhand, not openly bearing tuo awordy " and, recondly (as concerns myeelf and my * whiolosala stealing tn thoe * Outliues of His- tery "), that of puzzled amazement ot the pro- digioun tompoat which the obuoxions * Investi~ gator™ bad coatrived to brew in & teapot so tiny, T'ho reply of DTrof. Adams, which has jnet como to haud In your columus, sets forth the oxact nature of tun relations which lio sur- tained in {ho tinneaction between Lumuell aud my pubhebera regarding tho ** Outlives lutious entirely open, simple, and lLonorable. That matter his rojoinder sottles for every candid wind,—I trust not excopting ** [nvesti- gator " oven. Acd I fiud somo mitigation of tho pain which I folt st baviog beon in any way tho occasion of auuoyance to 80 truo & scholar aud gentleman, in the reflection that it was better that tho slander should coma to | open day and Lo transfized Ly his spear, toan that it siould lit about, harmful becdueo dark- ling and undefined. Iu the mesutimo remaing the queation person. ol to myseif. This 1 desizned to pass in silenco, not belug in tha least sensitive as to this or that “Inventigutor's ™ opiniun of my originality in tha minor matter of detail, when I have been honored, both at homo and abroad, with such uncommon eredit for tho major originality of plan and melhiod jo seaol-book litoraturo 3 yot, ue thiy pilenco may be misunderstood, Ierave the courtesy of a little spaco wherein to stato what [ deem to be tho faie yjow as to litorary proprictorsbip in school-book making, Kwinton's **Ouatlines of the World's Iistory," which has been boeforo the educatioual public now about two yoars, {aa terf-book, aud, like all such compoudiams, 15 more or icss what iy termed s * compilation.” Now comos the anon- ymouns *Iuvestigator” with the arvelous discovory that in this book cerfain defached pars agraphs—the meve recital of crents —are hike, or somewhat like, corfain lmraymp/u n xome haifs dozen other books. (L should add that theko books are of tha commonest dedcription, being mostly commlations at the forty-fifth remove, tike Smith's ** Rome,"” oto.). Thia—ths heating of Chiness gonws, and ‘the fanfaronade of # slagiarism ' left out—is tho burdon of ** In- vestigator's” indictment. It doos scom 1o me 8 most pllably **lame aud impotont ', ground on wbich to mssmil (he literary good nanio of any author. Ana, fo spare him nny mora of his paiuful iuvestigations iuto tho dogreo to which [ am gwlly of spoiling the Egyptians in drawing from tho recovdite store- Tiuitses of tho Sunthy, Joneses, Browns,and Robin- sony of history, 1 will say, with entire franknesa and most imiperturbable good-uature, that not only in the case of u1x bitd of the Lina he eites cnn the * like, ar somowhat like.” Le founa in othor books, but in the case of sixty times six, And If to * luvestigator,” or uny otber ingeuu- ous saul, this Rhatl be an alarming avowal, I trust it will scom less so after I shall havemade g0 wo o throe principles of historical compo- sition which I am about to stato : 1ty rogard to historical writing in general, the things tuat give to any work ita chmucter are mainly (1) its body of fracts ; (2) its judgments or opinions on tho facts; (3) s hterary avt, The siccond and third elemeuts bolong to tho jodividual historian, are Jus, and may not be ap- propristed Ly another, Lius, a3 regards the moro narrafive, o historian is depondant on the orig- inal aunalists, and the degroo of conformity to tho original language which shall bo obsarved by & ucw man goitue over tho old ground, Ina history dogi 1 ny o clasaic, or work of pure lit- erature, the style 18 the look, sud tho writer will eitlser quote his originala titerally, und crodit ; or ho will cnrn{ull{y give 10 the old barrative the color aud tlavor of his own litorary workman Thip, But, in this regard, » classio (s ono thing, and a class-book anotber. \When n mau 4its down to make & sctiool-hook on geucral bistory, bo finds o part of his task 10 conaist In dotmling mLricfest form certain vell-known wepisodes, Tho ongiual narrative W sivon, eay, by Ilerodotns, or Thucydides, or 1'hunn~n‘ or Clarandou; aud he certaiviv will not bo s faithful worker unless ho goas back to theso fouudations forn general conception of tho event, 1lut now as to the exact form in which the episode shall bs epitomized tn his pago: 'I'he originul mnrrative hos boen trauslated and rotrausiated & hundrod times. It has boon worked oyer, and oyer by a long succedsion of writers. It had finally, in s mavuals, reachod form in which tho differouce bstween oub uarrator and anothor i bus slight, snd puroly verbal § thestory, in fact, has lapsed into vhe stats of common propocty, Now, at this stage, whethor n new compiler shall vary much, or little, or less, Las always bosn considerod a mattor of socondary momont. Usually, indaed, an oxsct tranBeript of tho kind of bita whoreo!f [ am spoaking will nov be made. oven 1n schoul. Looks. To usg the common rhototical devices for tho variation of phrasoolozy, iy thing of such easo that, if ono were telling even an old story,—such & tho cavoer of Moratius, or the death of C.csar,—ho would porbiaps wssume » sharo of origiuality by bresling up a patiod, or trauvslaling s Roman into a Bax- ou word. In iy own caso, L cortamly Lad ususlly she conceit to think that [ could By Ricstanp - teratlona of phtaseology, morely that my ! statoment of tha old" story mav bo n littla differont from momobody oles's, mcoms to be a schoolbny's task ond A achanlbay's smintion. For {t no moro ocenrred 10 mo that [ conld found & claim to any orizi- nality, becaurs of my particalar rovampe inz of & plece of common Hhistorical proporty, tban thib anothor should atno the niughty ery of * pligiarism, becauso asch revamping wae bt made. And, in fnct, I remaiu of opinion that 8 claim to any onginality worth spenking about tmast rAst on it othar grounds, In a schooi-history, aa tn any otber history, the narrativo of facts 1w onn thing: te solocttn of matensl. tho interpretawon of facts, tho method, the teaching features,— in® A word, sl that gues to make tun book N tirlbook,—~aro other thinga. Lot mantry to make n test-book which the 0duzalois uf our country will aparova, sa they bave approved the **Onthucs of Ilstory,” and bie will 430n lesrss that it caunot ha dono by any atizh procass as tiat thranih whish * Investigs- tor " would Lave very mmple foli believo my hiator wan made,—no, not even by **Invasti- gator” himeolf, though armed with a gross of sharpent shears, and a paste-pot capacious ad the tun of Hewloiborg, That kind of succens can bs won goly by & very mihstantial orignality of method and of exceutlon, and by snch combina. tlon of qualities as witl vitalizo the booz, To say thoe that which teachers ana pu- pila veles an the “Outlines” 14 tho spontanocons genersion of a panta-pot.would by more diverting did It mako o iyghitor dralt an the credulity of men and chidren, Nu, Me. * Ine vestigator,” judgments that last are not dased on your kiud of evidence. Tho just enitic will a3 I3 the thaory of thia book good ? If yes, ha will give praiss, The justecriticwill ask: §a thi= book stimu- lating, thought-awakeniug, helpful to the pupil? 1f yex, bio will give pratse. ‘fhe just eritic, freoly concading that a schinols baok is & compilation, wiil leave to the ecaveu. wers of literature the task ol ruking up tho wretehod proofs of so-called * plagiariam.” and will sek only, What us: has tae wriler mads of s taalerial ? Tho just critic will distinguish batween twa kinds of indentedness,—thut of tho cralisman who, condcious of originalily of plan, motive, aud spirit, freely drawn from the common store- houso ; aud that of the pirato who puta on the maek of verbal originality to conceal his thoft of tho vory essenco aud soul of a baok., (Let mo #ay, fu - paronthosis, that faw authors of text- buoks lave suffered wore than mysolf from this wort of piracy.) Ho, 11 appiization to my own cass, I can but Ay that, if the ** Outlites of History " stonds thess teats, ond provea a serviceable, useful sebool-buok, 1t will probably fuustil all tue func- tious it way designed Lo serve, and, by so dolng, will furnish 1t own sullicient reason for boing. 1 would uet overpass tho boand of modesty, but 1 teel warranted in «2tting ovor agatust this lato and plaioly-mouved fultatuation of my cenaor, tho maturs and unbiased approval which the book has received from tho most authontative Judges i tisis country aud in Europe, nfter two yeats of proof. These judgos neo in tho book something elio besides @ ero rape of tho records; and it fa that something elsz which clivits their praise. ft in also that sompthing zlui:hich alone I would mako my titio to origi~ uality. As a maler of school-books. it Las alwara szeme:l (0 wo that my function (Lka that of auy of my collengues) 1s that of tue architect. Iclaim to havo mado a certsin deaign, and to have built o certmn 6tracturo ascording thereto. If, in tha Lulding process, 1 was able. by the occasioual tind of a titting wtone, to epara m?‘nnlf the mero quarrgman's toil, 1 certamly did o, Iiad tho supply beon more plontiful, I should certainty have helped tuyhell mure fraely. Still, [ esunot but feel a corzain soall prido in tho conscious- noas that the building is mine,—not a very zrand stroctuce, to be gure; iudeed. only a eimvio shielng Tor thn youushings,—and vot mino own. Aud s, to eud thia poor wrangle tn a ewngle seutence ; Secimz tuat ““Inveatizator " requested Prof. Aduns to placo himserf on tho other horu of acertain dilemma. which tho I'rofessor pro- ceaded smillngly tudo, reating hunself on ono of the said horns with most comfortable oase and grace, 1eballdo the samo with my cou- sor: Lither ho wos iguoraut of those princie pies on whicks atone a fair and candid judgment win Lo passed on a Look of the scopo of tho “Outlineds” or, knowing thom, be chose, for ulterior motives, tho morality of which I forboar trom characterizivg, to vefoul me and my work, using to thin end tuat chuicost weapon in tha ardory of siatnder,—tha etatement of a half- tratn, 3 WILLIAM SWINTON, PLAGIARISM --- A° FURTHER EXPOSITION OF SWINTON'S APPROPRIATIONS. o the Editer of The Chicago Iribune: Cuicaco, April 6.—You and * Investigator™ are certainly entitled to tho thunks of evory lovor of justics for your recent exposuro of the bare-faced plagiarism of which Swinton appears gullty o hia ** Qutlines of the World's Ilistory.” ‘Tho Intelligeuce of this azo is too keen to he ruposed upon by & man who acoks to anatch glory from the bard-won laurels of noble writers, Certain paten! nostrums may havea reputation long after their merit coases, but a writer of bouks must Keep & couscience void of offense to the end, It i aall that Mr Swinton rend through Webster's Unabridged Dictionary twico befuore he issned his spolling-book, That was well, and, had be employed tle eaio relative timo,-and given the samo relative study, in the prepara- tion of his otbor Looks, and especially his “Outlines of Iistory,” Lo wonld ni now Lo 8o sevorely and justly criticised. ut mo! Ambition scoms to havo ovorleaped itself, and ko has apparently scized Lis shisrp seissors, a fresh pot of paste, an as- worument of English standards ; and & now book is thrown from the pross, ta tho amazemont of all who know what resenich 18 osaontinl to mer- itorious suthorship, an1 capecially for ons who would outling tho History of the World, Iiis cxtraordinary fecundity is now explamnod, a8 woll a3 tho versatility which has enabled Lira in & marvelonsly sbort tity, toovershelm thoe counlry with sn avalancho of Ilistories and Langnogo-Lessona,—uot to ‘mention & pondor- ous Geography. riunatoly, 1 tlnk, for him, vilfering from Fngifsh books fa not, according to our law, a felony: but what teaclors will think of hia ill-matehed patch-work of sciser~ ings from a dozon differcut sonrces, {4 & differ- ent wattor, ' Your *luvostigator ™ conflnea his examina- tion to the tirst 180 pages of Bwiuton's * Iine tory,” &nd produces encugh within those limita to ‘vondetn tho book. A simllur course scoms to hava been.fallowod by Swinton throughout hte volumo, the ouly differonco being that now, authors are lovied on a4 ko proceeda.) Apart from scorra of peculiar pressions, and siegle weutencos, clearly) tracoablo to othor sources, wholo paragraphs ar filched with bt elight verbal siterations, I ven- turo to supplement **Investigator'a™ expose by reproducing from the last hundrod pages a fow samples of the copied passages of the Swinton Look, gide by side with tho nmfinnlu. from which thoy wero evidoutly takon. Bime's * History of Gormany " scoms 1o have bean a favorite foun- twin of Mr, Bwintou's inkpiration : Sime's Ilstory af Gers 5 wany 't (Freeians Hia- Sirmfon, . 411 turical Courae), p. 3 Thy Jjeslousies ¢f tue| Che jualousien f Aus- grester Uerman Stafua, es-ftris und Pruesia did not torlally Auatria aud Prus-lpermit that the Empira siny 0 ot periuit that siould Lo_restored, Tuo ox~; ho pira ahiould be re- States of Germany, theres stored. Iustead of tulsfore, folucd fn a great tho German Princes uuits edlyalax Fetteral tio iy what was called the Ger- man _Con wad mads up uine Bta Coufederation, 1t w mudo up of thirly-niuo Statces, Each Btute was to rematn indepemdent in maticra atfectiug _itseif 'wlone,~tho object of tho Confoderation being more- Iy the requlution af thows A c|uniates commou to atl Gee- federation Lelug mere-an States equally, A Iy thie pegulation of thows permauent Diet, conaiatin afairu common t0 all Ger- of th Plenipotentlarics o hLn Statesequally, A the States, wan to hold its yermanent Dict, or Varlis-hlttings fh Frankfort-on- suent, cousfatinig of tholthe-Mato, tho 1epressuta. Plenipotenttaries of the tives of Austrla preading. Hitates, was 10 bold fts sit-/The mombere of thu Con- tingw in_ Fraukiost-op-the-[(cderation agreed siever 10 Msiu, tho roprerontativeslleclire war apaiist each of Atistris prosidings Theluther, Al subjects of dive tuemuers of tho Conoler- pute batweeu tho various ation agrecd mever 1o de- Stites wero ta tu Feferrod Tiaro waz Fgalnst ouo au- fur sciticwent ta the Diet, orlier; thers was o bo 3 Ir';:‘l‘lan‘fimlzr‘{t;- Coafellersty Army, o 3 U Wil wae 3 1o We Confederute contritinte e rate wae tollatiod, army. ordin,t tu ] population; sul sii eub- Joote of dispite Letweed, il various Stites were b work over the old mattor into s form whith my cluss-raom uxperionce lod me to regard as rather an improvewmeut, for class-room purpuosed, on that of wy prodocossors, Bat whon, on vsea- #lons, [ tonnd a bit of narrativo—sonutonco or stickful—thiat fitted as woll ad coutd be mito the framework of my chaptor, 1 never hesitated to hiolp myselt freoly, without fear uf psissinig verba before wy oyea. Lo butden s school-book with crodits for auch nbhsnllmm. 18 buokkeen- fug run madj sod to descond to petty al- eforred for sottlomen! b ttke Diel, this Nm"\ Tho § 02;4u wern (' variest, and relly in carucat, aud resolved wolved £2 obiain, ab what-to obtaty, ot whatever cost, over cost, theit cliof de-lelioir chiof dumaudy, Tis Tuande, Tue Princes of Princes of the smaller wiialler Slated wore Statos wero alarmed, sud ok, it ot of thew|i0st of thm, withiout lode At hnco Adupled » more Hu-fof * tho, changed thelr SRl puticy. | Tu Auetris,|Minktridy,—thu tew Min- the ‘reformlng or revoln.(iatey In esch case fean lmmr{ ‘mr\ymp;verywhura‘m:,nuuu A Uberal pu‘l‘lr‘y’. gained, tio e Bani{The_revolutipnses "patty h wlaverywhers faine ) obliged to smiman & Dick,per ‘Hatudy ai ihe b to bo clected by univerasiiperor wis obliged (o aume jot, 10 bn electe) by univessal suffraga in all Aufirage in all hia Beredi-mon & DI tary lands, * | 1n Herlin the uprising nununm hnelmnmm ners wara aharp contents|wss sven mors vialegt. ctwsen 1he peopie and thetacied | mootings | wers soidlers, [heid"and, on - atarén 13 and ‘tha following dave, tnare wero wiaip Sontmiy tetiveen tho people aiid the rotiees, oY Swintan, , 493, Sime, », 3, Al the Htates thel Al Histas to the north of to joriof the ain_united 9 form tha North-German|oorthofn ‘half of Mense Confrdaration, Wndar theDarmntalt, anited 1o form - leadaraliip of Prussia,—thefa Nortl.-German Gonfeders whowo military rystem of stion, under tho lesdorahip the Confederation belngrof Drussia, plced nt the dispossl of,milltary sysfem of ths Con. thit eounley, ‘The first Dlet of tho new Confedera-|der the control of tha Hon met st Berun, in Fab-icountry, On Feb, 24, 1887, ruary, Legi, the firat’ Diet of the Uons federation mot at Berlin, | Sime, p, 237, tho Mgin, inelnding tue Hwinlon, p, 483, Thia partial unlon aff Althongh thin Constitn. Germany wit s great sd-Jtion was a great sdvance vancs on the old atata offon the old atate of things, things, but slfl1 It was farjnone looked on it as tinal, from complete, A greatiA qreat party—tha 0. party~the so-called Na-|ralied Kationsl Liberal tional Liberal party—had|party—had air béen altnady baen . formed,|lormed, whoo icading tm whoeo lesding aim was thi{wsa the union of Sontn union of Houth Germany|Germany with the Confer- with the new Confedera-loration,” , . . Hndden- tion, Htitl, such a unioully an event happeued by reomed far off, when snfwhich, sinid the eppiause event happened by whick,fof the whots Fatueriand amid the rejoiclug of Gurejthe long.waited-for goal tnauy, the object was at-|was resched, tamed, Sutnon, , 482, Meaawniio a new French| army Lad heen rained tol operate with a visw tofthe Lolre, had been rawsed, Lo relief of Faris; Lut Jnst[snd Legait to oporata with & then fresh dixaniers befel,|viaw to tho rellef of Darin, France, Msrahal Hazainn,|But fresh disasters had be eucroundrd by German falien Frauce: on Uss, 97, forcennt Melzy afler iay-|Marshial Dazaine, sfter have ing tried times toling neveral tiucs tried U Shapes cavitaluled with birlencapo from Slatz, cavitula ¥ i3, an fted wi 8 whole army ol Wet, 7). 17,000 men, V. silntom i, o [Sime 2 ‘ne war taclf had fa.| This fesli, varise ta Bpired tho bt Germads|s desita for A bt ualon with awarm desizo for u}with the Northern Confede clocer nufon with tlscration, . . , By thow Nortbers Confederation.! which sfterwards 1ty treatien wuade with the| various South - Germau Hiates, In Navewmter, 18:0, tho Nerthern Cnfelor-liicats, Tus Nortucen Can- ation waa changed info n federation wus changed in- Gerinan Confed: ratlonyine (> o German . Confelets der the I'residency of Will-atlon, . . . On Dce. 4, tam I,of Prusaia. TIn the|King Lows 11 of Bavaria following month tha der-|proposed that tho Ires man movercigns proposed ideut of the Confuderation that tho President of the should receivs the ttle of Confedesation ahiould ro- Gernan ~ Emparor, 'Thy celvetho itlo of German propusal beiug ngresd b Eniperor, The proposs), Kin;g William was, ox Leing ngreed to, King Will-i14, 1871, u the Hail of 3Mir. 1210 wad, fu_the Palaca ofjror, u the Ialaca of Ver- Vernsilien, solsnaly | ro- sailics, solemniy prochime clained Fmperor of Gar-led Eniperor ju Uerzaany, mauy, Jau, 34, 1871, Stnton, pp, 432193, Nune, p, 237, st of theso regulates| Lagh of tiieso regulates ita own affadry, 10 A0 ar asity 0wa adates, ia s far s they do not affect othertuey 4o not adoct thore of States, and 13 allowel to|stuer Siates, sod s ale ecud and receiva diplomot [1xwed o send -and recoive ic representatives, Wt diplomatic renresontatlvos. concernn 1o whole _couti-What concorus the whols try 1s loit to the Imperiatlconntry is left to tho Iine Gorerument. The duties|jerfal Government, ‘o of legielation rest with thelduties of legislation rest Fedoral Counctl, aud the,with the Tederal Coundl Dlet: the execuilvo power'and the Dict; the cxocu- ia wiclded Ly the Ewper-|iivo power fa' wiclded by or. Lo sy tho Tizut toj:he Kinporor, Ho Lias the declary war anid *make|rivhit to declare war end peice, to form alliauves,jtaiko yroice, 1o form alifs anl coucludy treaties, [uiicor,a04 to concludo trede Sime, p. 263, Meansrbile o naw French srm; L.)uu:d the Ariy of Tlie Austro-Prosstan Ve rained Framta ta tho fitm| Tho Ansfro-Prussian Wae rhca i Germany. 'Fo had ralwed Prag. to thy 'ranco-Priasian ‘Wardrat place In Germany, the rated Geemany 80 the irst| present. war _rafsed® Ger- piaca in Lurope, [away to tho St plsca ta urope. Weber's ¥ Outlines of Uri- tversat History,” p, 258, ‘The Court of Frunce dise played a moguificenco that Sirinton, np, 377978, 1n thin uge, aolwo, the| Court of Trauco dispiayeciplay » mosnificence that faajhad never before been wit« never beforo been witness-'uessed. Bumptuous bulds od, Bumvtuous buildings, fugs,~as the licspital of coutly- Mbrarkes, splendid Tuvalides,—~costly Hbraries, Uterary productions, vastimagnificent productions of establishisents for the nat-the yress, vast establishe wral sciences, arademics'menta for tho natural and similar institutionn,Inciences, acudemles and exalied the glory sud re- similar institutions, oxalted. nown of the Grest Mon- iue glory and renown of arch, The refiued air of the Grest Louts, The re- socloty, the polisbisd fone, fined air of soctety, the the casy manners of thopolished fone, tho' esny nabiltly and courtiora, sub-insuners of the molity dued Turope more 'yer-fand conrtlers, subduod manently and sxteneieiy|Lnrope more permanently than weapous of the arniy.fand cxtensively thau the French manoers aud fash. | weapous of tho srmy. Tho jons bore away fromn this| French faskions, langusge, time fn all the Aighcr cir-und litcraturs bore sway cles of society, trany this timo In ull elrcles 1of thio Lighr clasees. [ ytar'a Afanualy" p, 593, 10 At teugth ho Luid eega to elegn to lultows, oL Pultows, a furtlfied city on contained ono of tie Ozarsjthe frontiers of tho ~Uke priucipal magazives, 'Theralne, which contatned one town was_obetinitely de-|of the Czar's principal mag- feuded, and Charles wasiazines, Tho garrison wad woundsd u the keel while|uuerons, sud the resis- viewing theworks, Defure-tance obstinate: Charles Lo recoveead, he learned himwell was dangeronaly that Deter was sdyancing|sounded fn tho hvel whlio 0 rals the eiege, Leavingjreviewing the works; and, 701 men to ymard the'while he was edill cotluse wurke, tho Swedea udvane- ta bia tent, be learaed that ed to fntereept the Itus Peter was advaticing with s sins, sccompunted by theli[nawerous army to rairo XKing, borueina btter, |1ho slege, Leaviug T.0.0 luen 1o gusrd the worl Sutnfon, 7, 405, At length Charles la dicra ta wareh suid meet the onemy, whila b we companted thers i Uttor, Wites Slwary o Steinton, p. France,” yp, U57~£3, ‘I'lie Embarsy wun Ingults) The Embasrey was insuil- ingly dismissed by tuey L s et wird (o oo povile of Wic Hamtn Mrient plo of tho Haguo rushoildesporately 1o the house uf desperately to mnlluu‘uofl\ho great’ atateaman, sud (ngly dismirand, snd thg DoWitt, and tore Lim anditoro him ls brother Dbis brotier Cornelius tolCorneliun to plocar, . pleces. o o o Tue calmThe calm and resoliite Wil uud resoluts Willlam ofliom of Orsugs gave des. Urango ventured on A des-perato proof of his rin- perate yet succeasful meas-"ness and uagacity, Haopen- ure,, 1etter, thought Le, ed tho sluices thronghiout thattho aca should engulf'the and, The groat Ues- Lia country, than that hix man Occan aud 1he Rhina country ahould loss 114 Jil- paured over all the plalu, ertfes,” o opeued fuejsnd tho invading army wos sluices _throughout llimited to the high grounds land., The German Oceanon which therr citadeiy aud tho Khina poured over|were placed, Hotter, Le tho pialn, sud the {nvadinglthought, give bis country army was limfted to theto the sea than lose its 11b- high grounde on whichlertios, , . . Shame took thoir citadels were placelbosseinlon of tho Englisy o+ o blanie took posses-| Pacliament to sea thio Lrote Wlon of the English Patlia-festaut Prince loft friend. ment st th nca withloss in his struggle with the France sgainet a Protestant|Great Kings and tho axas~ Prince, and they forced the/perated nation forced tha ercotary Charkia 11, to|wretched Charles to sign uiygu, witls bis nephow, Will-jtreaty of with his 1um of Orange, a treuty ofjberoic ucplicw, in_Februs. peaco, 1674, 1t needed butlry, 1874, It needed but au wn example, and every gen-lexunple, aud vvery gener- erous heart waried w0 thelous Nourt warmed {o the defender of Lis country, |defeuder of Lis country, Lord's % Modern Hutory, yu, 14-115, On'thu 20th of May, 1630, takiug bis daughter Chriss tinn 10 bia arinw, then only Swinton, np, 263308, 0n thie 20th of May, 1030 taking fu_hie aras i daugter Christina, then ouly d years of age, ke wentod her to tho swed- sh Varlament e their their futiro sovereign, sud futuro sovereign,and made mada Lis farowoll addresa, hiw farowoll uddrend, + Not's* Not lghtly, not wanton. lightly, uot wantonly,”|ly, sakd Le, “am I ubout sl by, *am I abous toltolnvolvo myself and you fuvolve myself and you injia his new aid dauyerous this now sud danyarowsfwar, is my witucss war, Gud s my witness|that I da not fght to gratl~ tiat T do nol ght (0 gratlfy way own anibition; but £y tay own amuition: but|iby Emperor naw wronged tho" Enporor ba wronged me, — has_supported tny sue, — bas anpported mny'enemiep, persecuted my enciules, perseuled iy friends,’ tramplod wy ro- frieudy, tismpled my redligion 1o the dust, and Tigion tn the dust, andleven sirtchied forth his even stretelied fori bislruvengeful arm agulust w: rovengeful arm agalustiCrowa, ‘The oppresa auy Crowtl, Tl oppressed!States * of Germauy calt Hiatew of Gurmany eailffoudly for ald, which, by loudly for aid, which, bylou belp, wa will give dod's belp, wo will givethem.!! tacu | The above are a few samplos ont of msny that might be cited. 'Phoy wsuitice to show how the book bas boou made (o the very eud. They fully expiain the unlk in tbo cocos-nut,—the inconwintencies and difforences vf stylo notivea~ ble throughout the volume ; nlso, the carclews bhaste evidont fu thoa fragmenlary and discon- necled characler of ®tho nutrative, and tho utter igvoring of wome of the mout iwportant links v tho great historical chain, Au autbor who hiad consclentiously applied himeelf to the suvject, and given dus couslderation to the separation of matter fairly Lis own, would in dly, ns Bwinton does, disinivs in ono bile 100 the {wporiant eors of English history extoudag from * Johu to Moory VIL, or tawo no uotico of Tiome fram Nere to Coustan- tina (oxcept giving o table of is Emperors) ; would hardly pass over fu absolute silonce the wraat Aeistio conquorors, (tonghis Xhan aud- amerlsne snd thor vast Empires; and alio- gether omit United Htates bistory, not even wentloning the uame’of Washipgion. lncyodt. ‘