Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, March 18, 1876, Page 9

yanoed opinlons, gave s graat ahook Lo conaorva- tive nocloty. In this work ths suthor did not, daclaros Mr. Paul, *attack the lostitution of marriage ; sha did not sasall orthodox religlon she did not diroctly claim much which, at tha presont day, i claimod ‘for women by thoss whosa arguments obtain respoctful hearing. The Look was really a plaa for equality of educationy protest ngainst being deemed only the play- lh“ng of man j an assortion that the fntellactual rathor than tho sexual Intorcourso was that which should chiefly ho doslred in marrisge, and which mado its lasting - hinppinoss.” ~These causes wers argued in plain, unreservod fan- gnug«f and the consure which thay brought upon the charactor of Mary Wollslonecraft Las naver besn rovoked. In 1703 Mary visited Laris in order to porfa ot her knowledge of tha French langusge, as a I"" of her literary work consisted in msking ranslations for tho English press. Sho hore mot Capt. Gilbort Imlay, an Amorican who lhiad obtained hia titlo In the War of the Ilavolution. Ilo was n dashiog snd attractive man, and not withont fonuluo pretonsiond’ to abllity. An at- tachment sprung up betwosa the couplo 3 but, according to Mr, Panl, thoro wore sorious ob- ntacles to their marriage, resulting from the faot that”Mary was a Brittah subjoct, sojourn- ing in a Blata agitated by a polltical rovolution, and _violontly inimical "to "hor own country, Mary placed hersolf under tho protaction of Capt, Imlay. aud waa openly acknowledged an his wifo. **Sho believed that his love, which was to hor saored, would endure, No ono can read hor letters without soclog that aho was a pure, high-mindod, and rofiued woman; and tha sho considored horself, in the eyos of God and “man, hin wifo, Toligious as sho LITERATURE. william Godwin, the Author of ¢ Oaleb Williams.” His 'Wife, Mary Wollstoneoraft, and His Daughtor, Mrs, Sholley, French Political Leaders---¢ 8pecta- tor?* Papers---8porting Dogs ---The Letter * (. Groat Musical Composers, and How They Did Thelr Work, Mrs. Inchbald---8iberinn Explorae tion---Tho Meaidow-Larl, LITERATURE, WILLIAM GODWIN, Wiratas Gopwns: His Faixuos Axp CoxTemeomds | was, and with a strong morsl sonso, ! » KROAN TAUL. With Portraits and 'ifif.".'m’z'flmf. Two Volumes, 12mo, Boston: Mo | B0 yet mado the grand mistako of supposing It posaible for onc woman to nndo tho consccrated castom of agos, to set lieraolt iu opposition to tho courso of aocioty, and not bo crashed by it. And sho mado the no loss fatal mintako of judging Imlsy by Lier own atandard, and thinking that ho was as truo, a8 impas- sloned, aa gelf-douying, as herealf, Tha ovont fall oub s might be anticipated, Shortly after tho birth of & daughter, Capt. Im- Iny doxorted tho woman who had loved aund be- lioved in Lim, o offorod to sottis sn annuity upon her and the child; but, for hersolf, Mary rojectod the proffer with scorn. ‘¢ From you," sho wrote, ** £ will not recoivo any moro; I am siot yot sufliciontly bnmbled to depend on your bonoflcance, ... I mover wanted but your hoart; that J;onc. you have nothing more to giva. .., Youmust doas you plenso with re- gord to the aluld,” Imlay soitlod & sum on the chld, tho ioterest to be dovoted to her main- tonanco; “but noithor principal nor intorest was ovor pald." Driven to despair, Mary at- tompted suicido by leaping from Putnoy Bridgoe. Sho was rescuod, though 1 o Lalf-drownod con- dition .and aftorwarda slowly recovered hor equanimity, and resumed bor pon ns the means of gaining o livollhvod, ftor hits marriago Godwin continued to main~ tain his bachelor aparcmonts, which wera sit- uated twelva doors from the homo over which 1ua wifo proaldod. As soon ma Lo rose in tho morniug, boforo bronkfasting oven, ko repaired tobis own rooms, and there ho often slept. oth he and Mary were diligontly sngagoed in literary occapations, and genarally did not meot until dinger-timo each day. On tho death of his wife, Godwin gavo up his soparate ostabiish- mont, and, taking Mary'a old room for Liis study, triod, 08 bost o man may, to supply .her loss to tho Liouschiold and to tho two childron she Lad loft. The daugbter Mary had borno Ospt. Tm- Iny, Qodwia had adopted, glving tho child his namo; and the teuder nffrction ho gave both tho motherless girls nevor showed in outward maui- fostation a proforonce for oue over tho other. He endured tho aflliction of his wito's doath with apparent Aerenity; but tho void in his hoart which the event created wns never afterwarda filled. Tho ono passion of Godwin's lifo was s love for Mary. Within the year after hor death, Godwin pub- lishod e wife's *Memoirs,” which was soon followad by *8t. Loon,” a naval that enjosed & conmdorable reputation, It dorived much of its intorgst from tha fact that tho charncter of Afai- guorite was drawn from that of Mary Wollstone- ornft, and tho description of 8t. Leon’s married lifo with hor portrayed tho all-too-brief wedded bappiness Uodwin hind enjoyed, For four yosrs tho lonely man kapt tho charge of his littlo famn- ily; but tho difiicultios that bosot him in provid- ing for tho nurturo and education of the two children ot last rondered n woman's hiolp esson- tial, and in 1501 Godwin marricd Mry, Clairmont, » handsome, energetic, sud _clever woman, who, his biographor statos. mado all tho advancos, Tho marriage was ill-choson,—thp now wifo proving ss unkiod stopmothor, snd an unoom- fortabls companion for Godwin, ‘Tug yoars, aa thoy now passod, were unavent- ful. Thore waa tho samo dovation to literary labor a8 of old, resultiog In a continual produc- tion of now worka of various character, Rrs, Godwin found omployment for bLor activitios in the catablishmont of a circulating library, and a small publisbing houso, which, in tho ead, failed disastrously. In the meantimothe two daugh- tera of Mary Wollstoneoraft woro growing up into womanhood, Ianny, tho eldor, was a right, amiable, and atteotivo gitl, who, by hor loving and gontlo disposition, contributod groat- 1y to Godwin's happiness, Mary wes less docilo, tut hor boauty and brilliant talenta, recalling tho boloved mother, capocially ondeared her to bor father's neart. In 1813, whon Mary was nob yot 17, tho poot Bhelley was for mome wecks a oonstant guost at Godwin's honso, Ie then firat mado the soqusintanco of the young girl, and, interested in her gonius aud her gonerous oharacter, Lo contracted & fricndship for hor that swiftly ripoued fnto love, Marv was un heppy in ber home, and, to avoid tho stepmothor whom ebo disliked, it was Lor daily custom to spond hor leisuro with hor booke by her moth- er's grave. Ilore Bholley followed het, and hero s ghis placed her hand ‘in his, and liuked ber fortunocs with hia own.” When Godwin discovered tho intimacy, he stornly remonstrated' with botl Sholley and Mary, snd the former no longer viited his bhouse. But the discovery of thoir attachmont camo too lato. It was directly followed by tho elopemont of the poot with his daughter, “The intercoursa betweon Godwin and hary, intor- rapted by thia event, was not resumed until after her marriago to Blelloy, on the death of tho poot's first wifo, in 1816. ~ In Octobor of the Iast-named yoar, Fanny Godwin committed sulclde in o fit of melancholy ; and, ono month Iator, Hnrriet, the deserted and missrabla wifa of 8helloy, drowned heraclf in the Herpoutino. Thore was now no obstaclo to a logal union Letwoon Bholloy and Mary; and, upon this belog effccted. Godwin ouco more found com- fort In tho relation of & parout to his ohild, From this time on until Godwin's doath in 1836, there ocourrod faw evonts iu his blatnr’ on which one may dwoll with gratiflcation, Tho concluding twenty vosra of his life woro mosily givon ovor to puinful strupgles with pocuniary embarragsments, whicti had s sadiy deterioratiuj effoct upon bincharactor, His friendscontinu falthful, but poverty constrained him to dwell in much saolusion, In 1832 » Government offico was bestowed upon him, whiol placed bim in & condition of osso, and in tno briet torm lofs thero was s bappy xufi)hu from carking caros. Godwin was buried by the mdo of Mary Woll- stonscraft, in O1d 8t Pancras ohurchyard; bat, when tho resting-placo of the doad was dis- turbed by tho entrauco of railwaya into its precinots, tho romaing of tho illustrous pair were rom ovad to Bournemouth churchyard, whoro Mary Bhelley bad Alrnadz besn laid. DParents and child now sleep side by sido, with oue tomb- stone wnarkiog the spot, and bouring the namod of tho throe. In tho ancostral mausion near by, tho bhamo of 8ir Porcy Bholley, tho only aurviv- ing obild of Mary 8halley, the asheo of her hus- band are onsbrinod in a silyor uro. Tho hoeart of tho poct, taken from the body previous to cro- matlon, was alone buriod in the grave at Rome, Boautifu) portralts of Godwin and Mary Woll- stonecraft halp us to 8 cloaror fmpressiou of tho two whose lives ara_sketohod In these volume ; whilo lotters from Coloridge, Horne Tooke, Lady Caroliuo Lamb, tra. Inchbald, and others, with many written by Godwin and’ Mary, complete our concoption of a remarkable man and his no loss romarkable wifo, Cblcsgo: Ja erta Drothiers. en, McOlurg & Co, 'rice, §0. ‘I'ho above momoir prosonts s suggeative study of one of the most etriking and elngular char- scters standing in the foreground of English (itoratore duriug tho few yoars closing tho Iast, aud bogloning tho current, century. William Godwin s to tho presont goneration of roadora but littlo moro than & name, associated in tho mind with the two chief ovents in ita ownor'a bit tory ¢ the production of the romarkablonovel s Oaloh Withams,” and tho conucction with Mary Wolletonecraft, fonious smong womon- teformora for her talonts and erratic bobavior, Yet, fn tho largonnd brillinot circlo of Intellectual mon who uphold the roputo of British lotters in his time, there in not one whose life affords more variod ond intoresting subjects for refleotion thsn that of Godwin, the novelist, the radical, wud tho social rovolutionint, Tho man was not 10 constitutod a8 to win popularity. He bod an nnbounded ambition for literary famo; but, to yeouro personal influenco or wpproval, ho seoms to Liave made no partioular offort, Ile possessed » tendor snd nffectionnte nature; but, like a Stole, atrovo to conceal it undor calm and cold demeauor. Ib was lis aim to sustain tho “part of a philosophor, and be Jargaly succeedod ; Lt tho phllosopher s looked upon with curi- psity, toay bo with esteom and admiration, but pot with warm affoction. Thus Godwin fm- preesed the futoliootual rathor than tho human sido of Lis age, snd bis memory Laa conso- quaently nGt beon chiorishied with the regard that many of his contomporarica of less vigor and originality of mind and strongth of individuality bisve received. ) ‘Cho volumes boforo us, in which for tho flrst time’ nnythiog liko n satisfactory bistory of Godwin's careor. 14 prosouted, tontain liberal so- Jections from Iis correspondenco snd papors, which kave, for tho moat part, never boforo boon publishod. Thev have remained in pos- scesion of 8ir Percy Sholloy, the grandson of Godwin, since tho doath of Mary Sholley, who at ono timo undertook thoir arrangement with tlie viaw of puttivg thowm in print, but failed to cnrry ont hier purpoge. The prosont biographer, Mr, 0, Kegan Paul, has performed his task, on the wholo, accoptably; for, though his stylo Is cold and dry, we rocognizo in it s curious and ot unploasing harmony with tho subject uudor delineation ; while certuin portions of the narra. tive, which throw light on novel and lnatructive phanes of character, atoue, by their doop interost, {.r the deficiencios noted in tho general mannge- ment of tha worlk, Y 5 The fathor and tho grandfather of Willinm’ Ciodwiu were Disscuting ministers, and ho bim- 10if for five years served couvscioutionsly in the 1amo oapacity. 1o was bora in Wisbeach, in Cambridgeshire, Marck 3, 1750, Ho was & {.mocnoun child, aud at au oarly ngo manifested wo leadlng traits of mind : love of religionand of distinction, 1o had mado chioice of his vocation bofore hio hsd fairly graduated from the nursery, end “ proached sorwous fo the kitchen, every Bunday aftornaou, aud at_other times, mounted i a obild's bigh ehair, indifforent os to the mua- tor of persons presont at theso .oxhibitions, aod rndlsturbed at their comivg or going.” On con- eluding his course at tho Diesenting collogo at Hoxton, at tho nge of %I, Godwin Legan proaching ot Waro, Ilortfordshiro, A two yoars' remdonce bore ,was followod by » conndction with a Dissonting Hocioty in Btow- narkot, 'Flio porusal of tho wntings of Dr. Drieatly, and convorsations with an astuto Froo- Ihunker with whom lio was thrown {uto compau- fonship, nosottled his faith in Christianitv, and in 1783 hio abandoned thie ministry aud rosorted to London to pursno tho profeasion of an guthor, He became a rogular contributor to various peri- odicals, translated Fronch M8, composed pamphloty, sud huulf, short-lived novels, and porformed any other literary work that promised Fccunlny raturn, or gave an outlet for Lils rovo- utlouary opinions, Irom tho first he entorad upon a life of systematic and untlagging 1ndus- try, which was continuod witbuut romission througliont bils extraordinary carcor. Ilis bab- ita wero simple: his conduat was blamoless ; and his principlos, though startling in tho conolu- sions to which thoy led, wera sincersly hoki and skilifully advocated. As {llustrated fu his own sxample, hia peculiar sooiat Ideas, snve in a sin- glo potablo instance, nover exposod Llm to ro- proach for an infraction of tho !awe esuctionoed by, rlfim and by custom, In 1700 ho published hia firat prominent work, sn *Inquiry Concornlng Political Justice, and Ita Influsnce on General Virtuo aud Happluoss.” Tho work was Hhighly successful, passivg through soveral oditions, and gatned its author sa oqual measure of celebrity and obloquy. Tho fame accruing from it was grataful to God- win, and to tho contumely be was indifforont, for no zealous roformor was bettor fitted to au- duro soverely the odium which socioty casty wpon thoxe who wonld subvort ita timo-honorod inatitutions, Tho treativo on *'Political Jus- tioo” waa followed, in thie succeodiog yoar, by, tho fesus of * Calob Willlams,"—n powertul romauce, which hias dono more than any other of his writings to predorve the memory of God- win to later goucrations, « In the spring of 1796 Qodwin made tho so- quofntaoce of Mary Wollstouocralt, Ho had, provious to this timo, beou very aversa to mar- ringe, and had foarleasly demounced the system to filu triends and iu s publishod writiugs, He bad no tendeucy to llbertiniem that fnduced bim to assumo. this singular position, and his be- bavior towards women was invariably marhed by » chivalrous rospect for thoir purity aud roputa- ilon. But he revolted againat what he concetved 1o be the Infustics of a tie that i8 hold to bo binding 1o the ood of life, despite of every thange of circumstanco and of feellng, Ilis ovlmons fa this respoct_airayed agalost him tho prejudicos of the world; bub lie staiuless in- Logrity of cliaracter rotalned for him the faith- ful frfendsbip of many estimable and eminent men and wWomen. ‘U'ho attraction of kiudred wlods, which drew Godwin aud Mary Wollstone~ craft towards eack otber, soon morgod into lave, and so iotmecy was eatablished between tho two, whioh, early in 1797, was cemouted by mar- niage, The lifa of Mre. Godwin was prolonged bul & fow months after this unlou,—eho dying In Beptomber of the samo year, leaving an fu- fsut davghiler, afterwards tho eecond wife of Bhalloy. Tha’lmen of Mary Wollstonecraft which s pear in this memoir show Ler in an amiable light, sud make a atrong sppeal upon our sym- patby for an unforsuuste, self-denying, sud noble-hoartod wowan. Blhe waas the oldest daoghter of » large family of children, who, were misorably noglocied Ly a diseipated snd wpondthrift father, A fortune bad been inherit- ¢ from tbe grandfathier, but this had early been squandered, aod, whon Aary grew to woman- hood, sho not ouly undertook the support of Lot selt, but of Lwo of her slaters, 'Tho strugglo to sustain this burden was very mevore, yo %\hq FRENCH POLITICAL LEADERS, Dnrey Drounaeiizs. Vol 1L Frexon PoLrtiost Leapens, By Eowanp Kixo, 16mo,, pp. 826, New York: G, P, Putnam's Sons, Chicago: Janseu, McClurg & Go. Frice, $1.60, The sketches herowith presonted woro pro- pared in Paris by B Edward King, n writer who earned a favorabloreputation as the Frenoh corrospondent of various American newspapors during the Franco-Prussian War snd the period of the Commune. Hia loog familiarity with Pronch politics, and hia faculty for clear and grapblo description, Lave given him especial aptitude for work like that which {s now Lefora sodured it with resolute and uncomplaining | us. The sketches are nccessarily succinct, but :or:xt:do“nl?he 'n“&n:‘a“f; Jathlak (of Borsoll, | oy attord » well-detined viow of twenty-three o yonths Sad. talar i EOUSAILLAL REO0MIS t figuros now ocoupying the po- E::v’lx::%fim‘:umm‘l’n:u?hg:: wl'x;n::e:rd‘: ‘I’i’tl‘nl:: mfl"?‘? FI:EIIIED. Victor l:l;ugo 'll"hhn, pendent upon Hor. "Bl toileq unromiltigly, as | Gambosta, Magiabon, 1‘“1‘-’::{: l'm: "Comta db llivior, the Comte de 8hl¥n‘gnm. and the Uuo d'Aumalo, are couspicu- ous in the group. PAPERS FROM “THE SPECTATOR. ‘Tux BeeoTavon. (8xLEoTXD Parkns,) Ly Appmox ‘and Brxy, With Introductory Esssy and Hiographe fcal Bhclches, Ly Joux Hauuguzon. 10mo., pi 210, New Yorki Q. P. Putnam's Sous. Chicago 3 Jatisen, McOlurg & Co, " Frlce, §1,23, This {s the first of & eorios of & haif-dozen volumes whiok will contaln selogiions frow tho wchoolmistress, aa governeas, nd with her pes Boinsure Lor bLigh purpose. Undor tho 1’1.:& circumatances in, whi aho was placed, and considering $ho msevero disabililies tha oppressed and hmnpored women in her day, 1t {a not strange that Mary Wollstonecrast poused principlos of soctal and political lber- ty which uow would occasion no especial com- ment, but ware then regarded with extreme op- robrlum. In 1702 sbe published ** A Vindica- R of the Bight of Woman," which, by its ad- THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, MARCH 1B, 1876—TWELVE PAGES, e ———————————————————————————— e e e e e e ———————————— famous English esssyists of the last conturr. Abont olghts of tho papers contribuled by Ad- dison and Bloele to the Bpectator fill the initinl numbor. Others of tho acrfes will Include rop- Tosentativo eassys culled from tho Taller, Guar- dfan, Rambles, Zounger, Mirror, Looker-On, otc., eto. The scuomn in a commendablo ono, s many readors would ba glad to know mmetl‘nnu of the stylo and quality of the early litorsry periodicaln of Great Britain, which attained great nnd dosorved celabrity In their timo, but aro too voluminous to be read in full in cur buay dsy. SPORTING DOGS. Tre AurnIcAN Kenwrn, ann Browzino Fietp, By AwxoLp Bunazs (Eile Editor i merican Srortaman), O:tavo, pp, 201, Hew York: J, D, Ford & Co, Thoy who sro addicted to tha ploasures of the flold wiil find this a usoful and ontertaining work. 1t {a a dissertation upon the sporting dog, par- tionlsrly the apocies known as motters, painters, apanlols, rotriovers, and small hounds. Its plan embraqos an inquiry inlo the aucestry of the dog, minute lostructions with regard to the braeding and trainiog of flald-dogs, » MHat of tha pedi- rooa of sotna of tho boat animals of tho kind n tho country, And remarks npon flold-trials and bench-shows. Tho writor is evidontly sn au- thority upon the subject ho troats, aud the class to whom his book i addressed will appreciate tho worth of tho iuformation Lie communicatos. BOOKS RECEIVED. Boros or Reuiolon Axp Lirx, By Jonw BToamt Drackze, Professor of Greek in tho Univeraity of Edinburg, 10mo., pp. 243, New York : Scribner, Armstroug & Co, Lareator Lipnauy, No, 3T, OWN Gwriee's Gesr ~“Won : A Novzr, By Iady Auausta Noxt. Chi- cago: Donnoliey, Loyd & Co. Prics, 10 conta, o PERIODICALS RECEIVED, Iarper's Magarine for April (Hacpor Dros,, Now York), Contents ¢ Tha Komanco of tlio Hudaon " (First Faper), by Benson J, Lowsing (with nioetcen {lus- trations); #Tho Biicroscape " (Second Faper), by rof, gamuel Lockwood (with twenty.one lihustra ilonm; ' OId Gardiston: ' A Story, by Coustance Fennlimore Woolson ; * Loat ¥ (s Foem), by licso Terry Cooko ; # At. Jobnland,” by Dr, Bamuo) Os- oo (with eight fllintrations) * Usrilit A Nove iyors * (a Poem), by M. G, § o First Contury of tha Lepublio ;xvx i1, Progresn of the kine Arta)," by H, §, Counnt sizicen portraita)i 01d Tilladelphia : Part Rebecea Harding Davia (with twenty-one Wiat Is Sour Naiwo? A lory.” by Beforo, At, and After Moaln,” + Tho Ghiurch of tho World," 4+ " Tuo Lant Days of Royaity in o Jiampatiiro ¢ ‘A Btory, by Auns O, Swazoy: #Tho Tulip Mania,” by Willam I, Joopers * Iow My Bhip Camo from Ovor theHea: A Btory,” by Mary R. Highata; “ A Faded Glovo ™ (s Poem), by Celta Thaxter: * Danlel Doronds. Dook I, Meci- ing Bireats," by Georgo Lilot 3 * April ™ (a Poem), by'Ad Fo. 4 Bditor's Easy Chiatr,—Litorary, Belous tific, suil Historical Record,—Dra Lioviueati's Magazme for April (1. D, Lippincolt & Go,, liladeiplia), Contontn: *1ng Contury—ils Friits oud lla Festival, IV.—Tie Centonnil Ex- position aadr Hoor Hiustrated adla,” LY., concluded (Illustratod) Studsnt,” by James Morgan Lart; *Sounet,” by Maurics. Thompsons *Tho louse that Busai Tulles A Btory,” by Sarah Winter Kellogg; * After @ Year,” hy Kato Ifilliard; *'Tho Berkanir Lady: A Bketch,” by Thomaw 1lghes; *The Sabbath of tho Loti “Tho Atoncument'of Lesm Dundas,’ Tart VIIL,, by Mew. E Lynn Linton: *Tho Sing- Hiong of Maly Coo," by Clintlos G Leland; * Letlora from Soulh Africa,” I1L, by Lady Darkie; * Din- nor in u Blato Lrison,” by Margarel Uosnier Fare. well," by Auber Foresiler; *Th Deaf Stten,” by Jennio #Qur Bon o Instruction of ‘giloston Zinmerman ; ly Gomaip; " i Litorature of the Day,” Atlantic Monthly for April (15 O, Houghton & €a, * A Carnbral of Rome,” Part 113 Bayard 2, Lae AL Iieaton), Conient 4Jano Tieed : A Ponnaylvanty Dalind, by ‘Taylor; #Early Amcrican Noveliats,” by G. ;' ““Ton Tea lioso,” by Ediar Faw Luetzen,"” by J. I, 1fosm ¥, F.)" by Vilitem Howil ure, by Wilson Flaggs Brido Brook,” by G. P, La- {lirop; * Vrivate Thoateicals,” XL, XIL, by W, D, Howella; Told {n Confideuoe," by eth Blnart Phelpn: 010 Woman's Goasip,'" IX., by Francos : ) Anno Kembio; “A Metorisl ‘Tribute, rout at tho octing Lield at Musio 1fall, ¥eb, 8, 1870, in Memory Dr, tisnuel G, Howe,* by Oliver Wondell Hojmes ; of Hoston,” by JI, E. Bendder; Lis umatio ystom of Sowcrage,'* by George E. Worlng, Jr.; *Recent Litersturoj *Artj" uslc, Amerlm:i ‘Bibliopolist, No. T8 (J. Balln & Sons, New York), A Lit ?z?n-. Tising Age—Current numbers (Littell & Goy, [t Boaton). Appleton's Journal—~Ourrent numbers (D. Appleton & . Co,, Now York). 'Globe for March (Buffalo). PANICKY, PANICY, OR PANIKY P To the Editor of Z'ke Chicago Triburie: Your nnswer to a correspondont as to the prop- or spolling of tho word * panioky " {8, no doubt, corroct, not only 80 far as * the anslogy of the language " (that ia to sy, the method generally followed in English spelling) is concernod, but popular usage also in tho cano of that particnlar word. Ido not remomber to havo een tho spolling * panfey * fo_any printed work that could stamp it with authority ns logitimate spell- ing. Your statcmont aa to tho sound of o boforn ¢, 1, and , is, of courso, corroct. Bubls it not o fact that the lottor ¢, {u Eoglish, 18 not - only inconvenient and superfluous, but a genoral nuisance, if I may introdoco such & word in o litorary discuasion 2 1t noods no argument to show that o i3 a Bu- erfluons lotter, a3 overy studont of the Eugliat Pflnnuflgo knowa that its placo would be much bottar #uppliod, in all the words in whioch It s now employed, by oither k ors. I was, no doubt, originally employed to reprosent n X sound, and it wng a great miatako to apply It to auy othor. Our clgsical scholars confoss thid when, in tho ac-called * Roman pronunciation ™ (ndopted DLy Ann Arbor and other pop- ular Ameriean collegos), thoy proposs to establish & as tho iuvarisblo = sound represonted by o,—o. ., * Kikoro" far * Cic- ero." Shadas of ‘Tully! if our soun can ba drilled iuto that, can thoy not be taught {o write * pan- dky ™ inpreference toany othior form? I know vory well that tha Greeks wrote the nams of tho great Roman orator Kikoron ; but that is nos as near to tho Homan form * Cicoro,” from wlich it in dotived, ns “paniky™ 18 to the Groek “‘panlkos,” from which it comes, I¢ s irue wo writa *“psnic,” aod that {s the immediato rource from whlch our word * panicky” ia formed ; Lut whot I mean to aay 1u, that thero fu no roason why iwo lottars shoutd be employed in this instanco, as one is quito sufilcient,” It was n mistaks, in tho first luatance, whon o was omployed inatend of & in tho tormation of the Euglish word *“panic,” aud thera iy no use whatover in duplicating nnd ?or- petuating tho same miatake iu tho adjoctive formod from the old moun * panic.” tho word has not yot zot into tho dictionsries, and 80 the orror ia not yot wtercotyped, why wo not put the word into that form which 1a at once tho simplost, aud aleo tho noarost to the original form of tho word in the Greel from whioh 1t is o olealy derived 7 I know vory woll that thia involves tho whols queation of “tho voformation of our Fuglish orthography (i€ such a term can be spplied to such 8 wrotched systom of representing sounds by lotters as our languago DOW DOHSCEHON,—& + kakography " rathor than an ** orthiography "); but {hat is tho very reason why I think 1t worth while to submit tha littlo mntter of the use of n cor k in ¢ pouic” nnd * panicky " to your readors, Shall wo coutinuo for another coutury this chaos Jof contlicting sigos and sounds, which wo cail Loglish orthography, which uets at dofiaace all tho exporienco of past Agoy, tho plalnest dictatos of common senso, and thie convontonoo and futorest of millfous of tho moat {utolligont race of mon that bavo as yot appoared in this world's bitutory ?* ''ho_opera~ tion of !nncllln],bl cluld to read in an English or American kchool Is worse than the work of Penolops unraveling by night the work which oho so laboriously wronght by day, Sho Lad o ood reason for hor busy dolog and undoing, Eul wo Liavo nono for that which wo make our oor childron porform, Wo firsc toach tho child o call the first lottor of tho alphabet a, as in cake, sud thou, whon tho littlo innocent says s guq-l, kate,” we aay, '* O vou little stupid ! it is caf, not kate)* "And 60 on ad intlnitum, Wo hiave one sign or letter for eight or nine difforent eounds, and olght or nino different signs for the samo sound, Wo havo sounda that. wro fudicated by no lottor, and lettors that {ndi- catono sound. Wby, Cadmus mado s better sipkabot, s more succossful notation of spokon sounds, J,000 years nFol Aud yot we epeuk of “thin advanced nge,” and the *‘progross’ that wo have mado! - . Would it not be woll to commence tnis second century of American indepondenco by some well. digoated and well-dizccted attempt to reform our written language? Dr, Frankiin, and other original thivkers and yucucnl mon of bia day, saw the uecessity of this, and made some at- tompta In_thia direction, Why thoy failed, it would not bo vory difticult to oxplain. Are wo in & bottor !multlnn to command Buccess now ? I think that wo are, but sha!l not enter upou the disousslon juat now, Lut I havo this one sug- gestion to maka: If, ay wo aro assured they do, tho Germaus think it worth while to removo im- perfections from thoir gonerally simplo and ac- curate systam of notation for the upoken sounds of thelr language, should not the Euglish ro- move, at loast, the univerually soknowledged ex- cresenoed and redundancics of thoir alphabotic pystem? But this may sufilce for the IK.“.M' LITERARY NOTES. #In o Winter City," ls the name of & forthe coming novel by **Quida."” Afaurice Jokal, the sminent Hungarian writer, s sbous publishing a novel with the title, “ God In Ono God,” which will bring out tho early his- tory of the Unitarians aud tho Unstarian (aith in Trannylvanis. Mary Howitt has wrilten s series of ** Viguatics of American History,"” which are aunonaced for publication {o London, ‘Tho Rav. Joremiati Cbaplin has wrilten » new! lifo of Benfamin Franklin, which D. Lothrop & Co., of Boston, will publish, Julos Verno's new natory, *' Michael Btrogoff, the Courter of the Czar," {s bogun {n the March numbor of London Sociely. 1t will bo publishod et In book-form by Heribner, Armstrong & Co. A Lito of Gen, Isracl Putnam, forlhicoming in Boston, will, it s sald, furuish a vast amount of documontary ovidenca to ahaw that tho old Con- nocticut hero was in chief command at the bat- tle of Bunker ILll. . Turubult Iirothers, of Baltimore, ara to pub- lish o Lifo of Gen. R, E, Loe, by hia Jitorary ex- ccutor, Col. Marslill; and n FLifo of the Hon. Alox. 11, Btephioun, by Col. Il M, Jolnston and Willlam Ifaud Browne, editor of tho Southern Magazine, An oditlon of tho doubtful plays of Shak- spoara i to bo collected and published in Lon- don shortly, ft will include *'I'ne Two Noblo Kinsmen " and * Edward IIL." in the composi- tion of which somo_ authorities Lold that Shok- speara took part at loast. A manuscript of the Tpistles (1. and IL) of Clement of Rome has bean discovered ja “tho library of the Patriarch of Counstantinople, con- telning portions of both epiatles, It has boon odited, with elaborato notes and prolegonicna (in Grook), by tho Matropolitan of Horrhaa, Tho Iato Mr. Forster possessod thio MSK. of all of Dickens' novols with tho excoption of that of # Qur Mutnal Friend,” which was prononted by Mr, Dickens to Mr. Dalias, and in now in tho posesnsion of Mr. George W, Childs, of Phila- delphis. Mr, Bentloy has tha MSH, of the eatly storida written for Denlley's Miscellany, and a Lclu\lo'l'l geatloman has thatof A Christmas Carol. 1t sooma that provioun to his writing hils ** Pop- ular Hintory of Franco,” M. Gmizot underiook on tho samo sad completed a *“Popular History of Iingland,” which lay iu 3188, unknown until bis denth, Liko the othor work, it wau taken down from her fathor's dictation by Mme. DoWitt, and {t wall now bo published, in”three or fonr Iarge volumos, by Hachotte, Paris; Low, London; Estos & Lauriat, Boston, Tho history extends from tho carlicat times to thio reign of Victoria. Ars. Charleas T, Diohim, o Philsdeiphia lady, is ongagod in gottipg up s Book of Autographs, whiels will coutain 25,000 namnos of poruous of noto in oll parts of tho Uniou, to collect which sho expocty Lo paua into overy ane of tho Btates. ‘I'ieso are to be tho names of living persons, in- geribed by thelr own bLauds. Theroe are to bo two coploa of this huge folio, ono of which ia to hu’fivan to the Governmont of tio United States, | aud tho othor deposited 1 soma gafa place, 1n- der lock aod key, to be opened iu tho yoar 1976, fust a hundrod yeara from this time. A privato lotter from India informs tho Lot | don Athenaum that, coutrary to expectation, tlio Dooks presonted by the Princo of Walos bavo | oxcited the greatest interost, snd particnla ] Col. Yule's editlon of *Marco Polo's Travols.' *This tho Athencum regards a remurkable fact aud very suggoative, addg: * It has beon be- foro obsorved that, when the natives of Todia. roprnint English books for thomwselves, thex® al- ways noloct tha works of our older histordans, travolors, and_moralists, Thelr commonest re- priats aro of Bunyan's * Pilerim's Progress.’ and the * Imitation of Christ.'” Tho wholo series of translations from fdie pa- ared books of the world, says the London cade- my, which aro to bo editod by P'rof. Max Aluller, will bo divided 1nto six scctions: 1. Boo'ta illus- trative of the roligion of the Drahmivs (San- ncrit;}; 2, Books_illustrativo of the religion of the Duddhists (Pali, SBaoscrit) ; 3. Books illus- trative of tho rolijon of thoe followers (df Zoro- aster (Zond); 4. Books fllustrative of the ro- ligion of the followers of Confucius (Chineso); G. Booka {llustrativo of tko followers of tho re- liglon of Lao-tse (Chineso); 6. Dooks illuatra- tive of the religion of the followers of Mobam-* med (Arabic). Tho co-oporation of sotne of tho. most distinguished Oriental acholsrs in England,, has boen socoured in this work, inclading Dr. - Legge for Chipeso, Prof. Cowell for Sansgerit, aud Prof. Childers for Pall. Tho work of printing a collated edition of the Egyptisn * Book of the Dead " will be an inter- ostiug exnmple of intornational co-operation. Havoral of the Governments and maay of the loarned soclolios nnd institutions of Europo will participate directly. Tho Prusslan Government hiae made tha Commitico o grant of £1,600; the Borlin Academy bears to cost of proparing ma- toriala for it; tho British Musoum has ordered photographs to bo taken of tho largest known tunorcal popyri which go back to the Thebaa dynaotios, aud Trinity Collogo will furnish pho- torraphe of ita important papyrus, The Commit- too appointod by the Congross of Oriontalists laat yonr connisted of an Englisumau, & Gorman, a Branchman, nnd n Bwiss. 'Tbis groat work of the Egyptian ritual was always quotod from on mumniy-casos and in tombs, and the various fragments thus obtnined cover a period of 4,000, yoors, ‘Throo separato redactions of the book | will bo mado, ono belonging to the Old Empiro, another (the "Pheban rodaction) ta the eight- conth and_following dynastics, and o third to tho azo of Pusmmetichus. —— FAMILIAR TALK. OREAT MUSICAL COMPOSERS, Thers i3 1o ioformation moro intoresting, and encoursging wo may add, than that which tolla! us by what peouliar modes, nud by what prodig- fous exponditure of offort, great mon havo sce complished the doods that make them tho envy’ of mankiud, ** Gentus is induatry” hns Leon the declaration of moro than onoe individnal ac- credited with tho divine gift; and truly gen- ius withont industry ls. in most cases, a burron possesaion, Tho work of the mostors in all do- maing of human entorprivo scems to bo tho roault of rapld, oasy, Bpontancous action; yot long nud eareful training has genorally con- duced ps much to evory swift and skillful per- formanco 88 Las the native, inborn talent that prompted 1t, Tho diverso clrcumstances undor which cor- tain eminent musical composers found It most congouial to expross thelr ideas havo boen do- : seribod by o writer in Macmillan's Magazine, and, from this source of entertainiug auccdoto, ! wo Lelp oursolves to tho following particulars: ! John Bebaatian Bach, tho founder of the fugue, nnd one of tho moat prolific of musical writ- crs, produced en enormous number of works, aod yot composed nothing that ho did uot mauy times alter and corect, Coplos of Lis compositions, made by himeelf, wero nover duplicates, overy verslon showing in . its amended form tho ambition and tho unsvar- . lug offort of the author to improve by endless touchies the work that loft Lis hend. Mandel, tho groat conteraporary of Bach, was equally lu- borious and palustaking. o wrote with oxcoed- ing rapidity, yet his productions were froquently roviowod and nmouded, Thoair * How beauti- ful,” in **The Meesinb,” waw fonr times rowrit- ten, Noarly ail of Ilandol's MSS, exhibit evi- donces of manifold changes in their stracture. “‘Heeuos, and ovon bits of rocitative, woro al- the two ‘Iphigenias,” tho * Orphous,” and othar of tin workn, 2k sl Quito opposud to this practics was tho enstom of Harti, whoso ideas flowed frecly only in ai- lenca, solitudo, aud stnmi-dackness. In the still honra of tho night, arated in a spaclous, dimly~ Jighted Joom, Hartl compored hia flnest melo- dien. Cinaross, on the uther hand, laved the oxhilaratlon of noist, and companionahip when bis mind wan prolifi with mnaicsl concoptinna, It was In tho midw. of u circlo af frionds that he cuy\]m!unl..lxl» ‘*Orazil " and his ¢ Matrimo- nlo Begroto," Hacohlul, the ntthor of a vast numbor of works for the vhurch and tho stage, could write beut with bin wwoothoart by hia mude, and with his cata, of which Lo waa very fond, Disylog sbout Litci, - Paxiollo componod 1n bed, anil In this enug rol.rost planaed his * Barbiere,'” tho ** Mohnara,” nd other grugoful creations that omavated from bia brain. Zingarolil nub- dued and sottled hin thouglis, proparatory to the work of cownposition, by readini a chinjilor from tha Bible or from somo classical author. A giftod Lrother of Anfosal, who died youny, gath- cred inspiration from an atmosphern saturated willh the odors of roast fowls aud wmoking HBUIRAROR, The Labits of Iaydn wore regniated with rigid precision. For more than thirty years it waH lils daliy custom to rise early, dress himaell neatly, and sit down to a small tablo beside bis ;rlnna. wharo Ife spent many consecutivo hours, L wad through this persistent industry that bo wag enablad to produce the vast multitudo of worka bes ring hus name. It wad a notlou of Haydu's t hat his imagination was in some mys- terions wisy kindlod by tho prosence of & ring on bLis finger which had boen sont him by Fredericlk the Groaty: therofors, ho always worn the jewel wlen ho pat down to thaviano, and, immedistoly up!‘. m'L.I Bisaful, he **soared among tho angelic cagirn. Mozat & worked fitfully, his genins refosing to toll in I rarness and at ntlle‘f' periods. Iie en- Joyed v rriting in the morning ; but, whenever the ine piration soized him, ho grasped the pon, snd would not Jay it down until tho cestasy had fasscd, Mo often speut whole nights transcribing tho thoughts that trooped in ondlor 1 procesuion from the recoases of Lt braln, Agsin, nnavorsion for the Isbor of composing would, overcome him, and aire uccossity alonn could force him to complete the picco that hiad been left untluished, Owing to ono of thoss way'ratd moods, the overture to *Don Gio- vat'ak" was not written until tho night beforo tho oporn was to bo porformed. Thon, rotiring to 'aits room, in _company with hin wifo and a bo mi of puuch, Mozart set himself to the task, Lt was the bumnoss of the wifo to lieep tho T auician awako by reciting to im fairy tales t.nd funuy stories, of winch, it is to bo prommed, sho had on smple store in ber head; and it way the part of the punch to sustain his tired facud- tica when they languished. Betwoen altornavs intorvals of slcoping and wakiug, tbe night was passed : aod when the copyists camo, at 7 in thoe anorning, the overturo wus ready for them, but it waa impassibie to do more than write ont the orchestral parts beforo tho hour of tho poi- formauco arrived, and the overturo was played in public without a rchearual, In some moods, Leethoven composod at the piauo, soending Lours in the elaboration and arrangement of bis idons, At othor times, when o subjoct wns working in his brain, he would seck remoto and recluded placon, and, regard- less of tho passage of timo aud of all things about biw, would walk on and on ustil the pro- cenn by which bis musical conzeptions were do- velopod was comploted. When ongngod upon the **Sonata Apnassionats,” he onu usy walked for milos, with tus pupil LPerdioand Rics besido him. o snoko uot a word during nll the time, “but kept butnming, or rather howiing, up and dowu the sealo. work. Ouco there, Lo romained for somo tima, totaily regardless of tho darkness, or tho fact that Lo aud Ries bad had wotling to eat far bours.” A ainguisr froak iu which continuod uutit the floor was inundated, aud tho peopio below rushicd up to stav tho doluge pour- ing through the cefling, Beothoven rovised bis worlis with tirolces care. Ono of his skotch- books, publised after his dentb, contained | threo soparato draughts of the finalo of ouo of hin symphouies,—** a strking proof of tho ra- tiouco with which this great and flery gonius perfected his masterpiecos,” Ilis manuecript was 80 bard to decipher, from the numbor of sk torations tho original ecoro underwont, thrt copyists and eogravers made sad havoo with it. On one occasion, atler correcting tho proof of & stringed quartotto, that Lad sutfercd sovoraly at tho hiands of tho transcribers, Beothoven selit it ‘back to the publisher with tho mensago: ** 1t ia 4 oclock; I must post thin; and 1 am quite hoarse with stamping and ywearing,” In composing. Mendelssohn made fow skotch- e, but conptructed tho entire framework of a pioco fu _his miud beforo he committed it to Then, when writiog out the socore, s + Pray coms was bis remark while thus cogaged ; “Iam paper. ?ulflyed tho eocioty of his frionds. v, maeroly copsing.” arary wrmnsn, feotly finished. ublisbior until they kad been long studted. and tered, scored througl, or covored with pleces of paper, gummed on, and boarfng a now voreion of tho passago couccaled,” Illandel was keenly euscoptiblo to the eublimo and woving thoughts that took possoseion of hun ss ho contemplated o groat thome, aud It {s said that o ofton gave way to toars while writing thom down, When gotting musla to tho words, * Ho wae despiecd,” a visitor found him sobbing violently over tho iteous scone hLis jmagination had coujured bo- oro Lim. Bheild says that *1lis eorvant, who brought his coffeo in the morning, ofien stood in silout nstonishmont to eco his master's toars mixiug in tbe fok ss he penued hiy divino uotea.” . Another writer relates that, iu reply to tho question how he felt whou composing tho Hullelujah Cliorus, ITandel answered, I did think I did seo all iloavon before me, sud tho great God Himselr,” 1t is averred of Giuck that ho composed and completod a work to tho Jast minute detail bo- foro puttlug peu to paper. ‘' Ile Lus often Lol me," says M, Corousis, ' that hie began by‘i;nmg mentally over tach of bis acis; afterwards Le went over the entire pleco ; that ho always com- posed, jmagining himsolf in tho contro of Lhe it ; nnd that, his pieco thus combined and bis airs characterizod, ho regarded tho work aa fiu- whod, although he hed wrilen nothing; but that this Xuplrulluu usually cost bim an entiro oar, sud moat frequently a serioud illness,” When tho business had begulh of trausferring a plece from lus memory to Lha musical pago, Qluck was in the habit of \muni in the open air, Ha would csuso his plano te bo transportod o the placa ho had choseu, generslly in the midst of a beautiful mosdow, and hore, with a bottlo of champajcue closo beside bim, bis imag- ination would rovel in its lubotp nt power, and in tbo stimulus that Nature aud the frwt of tho vine lont b0t L6 was thua that Gluck -wiote had roceived the entire sanction of his faatidious +* No musicinn mora thoronghly appreci~ atod the maxim that what is worth doing is worlh doing well, or more cousistently carriod 1t into tasto. practice.” 1t is wald of Rosaiui that ho wrots st no time #0 well a8 immedintely aftor suvpor. The story is told tlat, during his youth, he was onzaged to writo an opera for a carnival in an Italian town, and, tho woather Leing vory cold, poor £o buy fuel, ha was obliged o writ ‘where ho could keop tolerably warm., in tho opera, the paver slipped from his hands, and floated nud fluttered under tho bed Ho reachod ont o8 far 0s Lo could withiout quitting tho Led. flrat on ong sido and thew on the other, but without helug ablo to recover tha picce. Ho thereforo resignod himsolf to his fate, and wrote it ovor agaiti. A friend camo in presontly, and, hearing what had bappenod, fished up tho first duot, which proved to bo altogother difforent from tho sccond version.” Thie divine sfilatus descended upon Moyerboer with unusual power during thundor-sioris, snd. wiilo tho lghtuings plasod and tho thundars roared ho would scat himsolf before Lis tablo and write with groat folicily and sprrit. When Ialevy found tho firo of Lis genjus fading, ho would start it into a fresh glow by haughys the Tottlo over tho Learth. Its aoothinyr song, as it simmered and builed, would gradeally intluenco Dis mind agaw, until its oreativo force was eu- tirely renewod. Auber sought leapization on horsoback, ina wild gallop ovor the country; and Adolphe Adam, when at a loss for idens, buried Limsolf, with his cats, under an eidgr- down covorlid. MRS. INCHDALD. Mrs. Elizabeth Inchbald, who Is remembered ascne of tho minor English authors of tho Inst century, bad a romantic and singular history, which is rocalled by somo ;charactoristic lottors publishied in tho rocent Memoirs of Willinn QGodwin, Ldmunds. Bho was born in 1753, noar Bury Ht. to depend wolely upou the exertions of the moter. Wheu only 16, Elizabeth ran away to London fo seck hor fortuns, liko many anothur young and Ignorant udveuturor,—takivg with her a fow shillingd inmonoy, and a fow garments tied up in s bend-box. After eucountering various viciesitudes, sho drittod luto a country theatro, sud was nccopted as a member of tho compauy, Bho was very beautiful, and her unprotected condition exposed ber to many indignitios, ~Awong the actors in tho corpd was oue, Bir, Inchbald, with whom sho Lad had somo previous ac- quamtance, 1ilnd rofuge in marriage. * Lot who would mar- ry mo #” “askod sho. **I would," mrllod Mr, Inchoald, **if you would bave me," *Most williugly,” responded the girl, **and wonld be forover gratetul.” The coupio wero thercupon uuited, and tho councctiou proved very bsppy. At tho sgo of 24, Mga, Iuchtald was loft a widow ; but, for ton years louger, sho rotained her position on tho stage, Bhe lsbored under wauny disadvaniages as au actress, one of which was au impediment fu ber spoech ; and, us woon 88 Lier succens 88 an actress was assured, sha abaudoned tbo_histrionio professi Her two tales, **The Simple Storv” and aturo and Art,” procured hor the mout famo; but ber light dramatio pieces, of which sho wroto nt least & balf-score, wero quite popular, aud brought her @ constderablo sum. Mrs, Shelloy haa foft the followlug skotch of the lady, who was long an inthnato rrluml of Godwin: Living iu meau Jodgings, dressed with au economy alllsd to penury, without couvactious, and sluue, hee beauty, her talonte, aud tho charm of her mauer, gove her entrance juto a deligbtful circlo of soclety, Apt to fall in love, and desirous to arry, stie contiii- ued sluglo, Lecause tbo taen who luved und aduired ber wern too wurldly 0 take an actrous and a puor suthior, however lovely aud charming, for a wite. Iher 1ifs was {us spout 1 au toterchonge of hardship and suiusemont, prvation ond luzucy, Her chursc- or partook of thy sawo coutrast: foud of plessurs, ahe was prudent fu her conduct; penurious fu Ler reons! expenditury, she was gensrous to others. Yl ot m~wuu. we e fold thab b th that, when M. Inchbal 1n W ehale In the middloof it, 6o wan her wont, svery man gathered round it, snd it wan vain for any other woman fo attempt o galn atteniion, Godwhi could 1ot fail to admire her; Lo a favorite. Ifer fal wera all dellghtful fo him, ' Ha teed to describo her af & plquant mixure betwean 8 Iady and 2 milkmald, and added that Bherldan deciared sho was the only suthor- 3 whiomo nocloty pleascd him. On' reaching homo, Lo seatod. bunsolf at tho piauo, without tsking off his hat, ond dashad into tho splondid finnlo of thatnoblc: Bee- thoven sometimen unconeciously fndulged dur- iug tho spolls of mbetraction n which ho was meditating new works, was that ot pouring cold water over his hands a6 Lo poced tho room to and fro. Thin performanco would sometimes bo [+, 108 of the Batives who como *.cTude systom of faith, heathen customs continuo .to miogle with purer religious rites, ;arimoveo " (fishing-villoge), ooys Prof. Nordensk- 1iin penmouship was ' boauti- fully clear and neat, aud, in his musical aud lit- overy note and letter was par~ 1To withhetd his works from tho ud Le too in bed, Just an |/ Lie was finishing a duet, the vrincipal morceau Hler father died when sho was still o mero child, leaviug s largo aud destitute family Appealing to lim for advice in hor unfncudod circiwnstances, bo counseled her to wi #ho wors was not worth & shiliing, it s s0 cosrmo and aliabby. Very auscaptible t4 ths softor feolings, ahio_conld yot quard heresl? ngalnat nd, thouglhi she mignt have beon called s hor claracter was unimpeached. T tavnlirard at'a rival beanty of lioe day pettishiy gomplainied i1 came Into A rodm, and sat he_became sud coptinued to nis, har benuity, hor manners, Whilo Mra. Inchbald was practleing the saver- est oconomy, sho nllowed an fuvalid ‘wister 8500 ayoar. *Many s timo this wintor,” sho'records Iuhor disry, * when Iecrled forcold, T asid to tnyseif: OBut, thauk God! my slstor bias not to wtir from her room; sha tins her firo lighted overy momning ; all her provisions bought and brought ready cooknd; nlic ia now the loss abla to Lear what I bear: and how much moro shonld 1 soffer hint for_this roflection!™ Again sho writon: “Last Thureday I finishod scounng my had-room, whilo & coach with & coronet and w0 footmon waitod at my door to takeme an Afrlog.” Mrs, Inchhald loft, st her death in 1841, property amounting to abont 530,000, pe Rogers incloses, in & nnto to hin_paem of **Humau Life,” a possago from Mrs. Inchbald’s “Nature and Art," whicn Lo pariicnlarly ap- provod. It rung thus: “Boma pernans, 1 know, extimate happiness by fine Louror, gardous, and packs; others hy pictares, horsos, money, and varions things wholly remote from thoir own species; bat, when I wish to ascertaln tho roal felicity of any rational man, Lalwaya inquire whoimn le has (o love. If I find bie kas nobody, or doea not lave thoso ha has,—aven iu the midet of all Lis pro- fuston of flocry and grandeur, I pronounce him & belug decp 1u advornity.” SPARKS OF SCIENCE. SIDERIAN EXPLORATION. ‘The first portion of s lotter from Prof. Nor- denskjold, the Bwedish Arctic oxplorer, describ- ing his Journoy up tho Jonesol and across tho plaina of Asis, was published in our columns tbroo weoks ago. It left tho travolors at the Bkoptist colony, Bilivanskoi, at which polot tho varrative ia now resumed, Tlio progress of tho Aloxandor, ns had been the ocane from the firet, continued elow, on ac- count of tho strong curront and of fro- quont eloppagen; and tho naturalists on board had tavorablo opportunitiea for studyiog tho couttry sud its inhabitants. Tho latter are made up of Ruarians and of natives, ** Asiatica, with frequont tho rivers in sammer for indo- pzudent objocts, aud also na servitors of the Rus- mans. In such circumstances their dwellinga consist of tents of quite tho samo form as tho Lapp ‘kota.! The Hanoyedo teut is commonly coverod with reindeer ekins, tho Ostink tont with birch bark. A number of dogs are siways found in the weighborhood of tho tent, whick during winter aro usod for general draught pur- poves, and in summer for towing up boats apreinst tho curront,—a means of transport on water which greatly surprised our scal-fialiers. For this purpose a number of dogs are harncssed to s long live, ono end of which is fastened to the stem of the boat. The dugs then go forward npon the lovel bank, where in this way true dog-tracks aro formed, and tho boat, which re- quiros only n modorats depth of water, I8 kept afloat &t a sufticiont distance from the bank by tho ruddor, which is maoaged by a porson sittiog 10 the the stern ofethe boat. The dogs have a slrong resemblanco to tha Eskimo doga in Greon- land, which are also omployed as draught anie mald, which may bo conridered a proof that the gamo chmatic ~circumutauces, nnd a eimilar method of employing » specics, croate like Tncos.” lost of the natives who come in contact with Yot, in their AL & old, ‘**whero wo landed for mome hLours on Hept., 16, wae as usual camo upon a burying- place in the wood near the dwelling-honsea, Tho corpses wero laid iularge coftinaabove ground, with ocroes in nearly every caso raised over them. At ono of the graves thers was a conso- crated pictnro fixed to tho cross, which must bo considered an additional proof that a Christian reposed in tho coflin, Notwitbstanding this, soveral parments, nhich had bolonged to do- consed, were found hanging vn s bush near tho gravo, togother with food, and some rouble uotes, in order that the doparted may not ba al- togethior dostitute of ready monoy on his en- tranco into tho other world. But that fino clothes a0 uot considered any special recommondation with 8t, Poter was evidencod by tho oxcoedingly shabby, tattered, and patched condition of tho L sarments huug up at the grave in question." The firet frost of tho acason occurred on the night Leforo Sept. 20, and after that, although *tha days contiuued warm sod fine, with very Iit- tlo raun, tho temperaturs usually foll, botween +guneet And sunrisc, bolow the freezing point. + As has been mentloned, potatocs and cabbages wero anccessfully cultivated by the Skoptist col- ony, whicl is locatod within the Aretic Circlo; oand, with the advance southward, the land de- voted to these crops increased in extont, and tho vegetablos thomsolves tlourisbiod with great- er luxuriance, Tho culture of grain in 1ot at- tomoted north of Sykobatks, lat. 60 dog.; bat, in tho fature,” remarks Prof. Nordonske Jold, it 18 quito certain that, when the woods ad morasscs are diminished, a protitable agri- calture may be carricd on_much farther noreh.” immediately south of Sykobatks occurs tho obureh-village, Nasimowskoi, nnd opposita this deserted gold-washer's **rosigence,” named Jermakova, aftor the first conyueror of Siberin, “The *residence’ originated in tho discovery of Leds of sand rich in gold in the pretiy extonsive territory of o tributary of tho Jencuol, ou the cast slde of tho river, which, before the Cali- fornian discovory, was renowned o tho richest Rold district of tho globe. Inashort tuno many culossal fortuncs wera mado horo: and the storien of the hundrods of pouds which one or anothor yearly washed, aud tho 1eckless, riotous mado of life of those whom fortune atlowed to win tho great prizes in tho goid-washing lottery, still form n subject of conversation in the rogion. Ieightened rates of labar and_ diminisliod *up- plies of tho noble motal Liavo, however, of Iate, led to tho abmudonment of a number of tho washings which formorly wero most profitablo, and tho others searco pay for tho washing, Many of the gold-washers, who woro formorly rich, hava, in the sttempt to fncreaso their wealth, been ruined and disappoared ; and others, who succeeded in rotaining their poud of gold,— that is, the imint wunit fhat the gald- washers prefer to employ in conver- sation,—bave removed to Yaris, Potersburg, Mloscow, Omsk, Krasnojarslt, ote. All the *resi~ donces' ara theroforo now deserted, and form, on the oastorn bank of tha rivor, o row of half-de- cayed, wooden rulos, surrounded by young troca; after tho disappearance of which, ina ehort timo, only tho tradition of the former era of prouperity will be found remaining. Iuone respect, howaver, theao gold-washers have ox- creined a Jasting influonco on the future of tho conntry; for it was through thom tlat tho fimt plonocers woro apread in this desolato land, tho tizat seed sown of the cultivation of the region." The Aloxander roached Jenescisk Hopt. 30; snd, after o fow days' dolay, occupied chiofly in on oxamination of thoe fine natural-history col- loctions mado by Here M. Marks, au oxilo, Prol. Nordeuskjold sot out on the overlaud Jnumo{ lo° tho "Capitats of Russia. With tho exception of some short stoppages at tho larger towus en routo, the travelers rodo day and night until the journoy was ended. ‘Ihe colloo- tions gatberod by I’rof. Nordonskjold's party in Novaya Zombls, tho Kora Sea, ond ou (Lo Jone- sol, reachod Bwoden fu good coudition, and an application bas been made to tho Swedish (Gov- ernment for a grant of abous £550 to dofray tho expouso of workiug them up. of the lovoliest bita ot suimated natars is really to become permanent in the heart of the town, Dut no, tho hope is painfully deluaive. Thesa charming atrangore aro only esirays. They a liko & troop of vagabond Gypsios that come Io al at onco from outlying districts, and linger for g tino in tho midat nf oivilization, while thoy pun auo thoir mysterbons erafts, indulge In thoir lawe leus proponsities, and spsak in s wholly noknowx Ianguago,—n raco as distinct, as apart from the roat of mankind, aa thongh tho; gohm ed 0D & soparato planct. No; aftor a sojourn of nt mont twoor threa weoks, during which they have choerod all the uoighborhood with tholr sxqnis- ita melody,—delictous in isclf, bnt borrowing 8 powertul charim from tho nasociations it awake ous, —tin motry company of larka will aude denty fold thelr tents like the And'an stlsoily stoat aways TD% Then, It we would cojoy their mnela again, wa must indoed go to the quiot meadows, where tho rush of tho fran uano, tho trosd of busy mon, and tho nolse snd buslle of human life, are m}t lifiusltct:mz: x: hlxlh-ndc':l. g n the lnst of April or tho beginalag of a7, tho Meadow-Lark laya tho (z;'um.ln ona of its dwolling. 'Theso, of courns, rest on the carth § for tho bird lives in open lands, generslly whora treea ore absont or Infraquent. The materialy of which 1t bnilds sro of the slightest. It domicilo tvostles in tho grass. It s shsdod and aboltered by tho grass, and 1t io the prottless and mont eoitablo thing lo the world that it nhould Lo wholly mads out of tho grass, And 80 it {8, A frail Btmoturo, knit and woven round and raund in s looso, carcloss, yob sufflclently onduting way, with 8 smooth surface, lined with fine bene, forming the inside. You would prob- abiy navor find it, long and vigllaotly as you might anarch, unless 1yuu chanced to flush tha tird. ‘Then you woold see how cupningly the nost is concealod, and how almost Imposaible (b i8 to discovor it nnaided. Tho skiliful buliders rool it with grass, so a8 complotely to bLide ita interior ; while, still further to render thoir e cret imponotrablo, thoy conatruiet an arched on. tranco, which Is_approached by o covered snd “sinding nath. The birds aro ingenions archi- tocis. na this description will attost. Their oggs are Jarge and handsome, with brown dota spock- ling the whola white surfaco, or sometimos gathe enug in clusters exclusively at the larger ond, ‘Tho rong of the bird 1 exccodingly attractive. Tho tone ia puro, aud plaintive, and ponotrating, Thonotes aro vory tew, nad pitched o a Ligh key. It is an oasy mattor to sot thom on & mu. sical atafl, ro simple ia tho succeasion, and 80 s« varinblo. Tho; mufi; turough only to or throo bhalf-tonce, and can bo admirably imitated on the plano. Ornithologists often dosctibe the nong 88 a whistle, but inaccurately so. It {8 a com- pleto melody. and, quickly as it closcs, is one of the most captivating that dml‘l from tho hill of & bird. Tho lark s {ncluded in the limited choir of songetera which retaln their voico throughous tho woason ; but, along in midsummer, the fioo nuality of its organ is apt to Lo impaired, and it woccasjoually losos o note or two from somo part. of its alrondy briof strain. Yot, in tho antumo, it usually recovors tlio swoetnoes and fulinees of its accents, sud these, ringing out on tho air, pleasingly nccord in their ponsive character with tho melancholy of tho sesson, When tho engrossing domestic daties of tho bird aro annually concluded, it develops » tasta for nocial lifo, and cularges the circlo of its com- pugions. It 'roves the flolds thonceforth in partios of teu or a dozen,—a convenient number, a3 all will agree, for tho intorchange of the amonitics of friendly intorcourse. Tho lark is garnished with such brillisat plumago that it looks, when centering about tha flelds, like sonio gay flower broks looas from it ‘mooriugs aud off on & prance. 'Tho uppor parta aro clothed in brown,—thn popular shades,— dolicately trimmod with black, and the broast s wet off with the richest yallow, while a broad, crescent-shapod necklace of jot—count it of biack dismonds—oncircles the throat. The relationshipa of the bird would scarcely ba gmossed. It bolonga to the family of Star- linga ; and tho saucy Bobolink, tho rod-winged Biackbird, the bosutiful Orioles, the ewindling Cowbird, nnd tho various Gractiles, or Black- birds, are all ita conains, The Lark is plump in size, nnd is rockoned a s rare bit in tho Iarder of tho gourmand. In truth, its flosh is considored baroly inferior to tuat of tho Partridye with a soul open to music and ty, could endure any sacritico of theso for tho sako of n fine dinuer? 1t is mournfal to see the lovely birda hung up in the markes, so many thrilting songs and so_many charming visions aro lost to the world with each Merdow-Lark that I8 alaiu by the sportsman, RICHARD 11. DANA, IR, The Prcposterous Story of Literary riracy. Concorning tho chargo of * literary pirscy ** on the part of Mr. Richard H. Dana, Jr., in connection with lus adition of Wheaton's * Ete- monts of International Law," the oston Tran- scripl pays : * The bistory of tho cass is well known here- nbout. A anit is now ponding in the United Btatos Court, having boon refsrrod several veara ngo to the Hoo. lenry V. I'aine, as Auditor in Chanoery, to dotormino how far Mr. Daua is lisvle, if at sll, for literary pirscv. It was formally ngreod botween Mra. Whoaton and Mr. Lawreuco, in considoration of somo nogotiations by which Brockhaus, of Leipsic, was to pay tho former 6,000 francy, that she was *to make no ngo of Br. Lawronce's notes in a new edition (of Whoaton's Elements) withont s writton consont, and Mrs. Wheaton witl give to Mr. Lawrence tho right to wako any use he wishoes of his own notes.’ This agrosment was ratifled by tho payment of the draft. In, 1803 tho saventh edition of the Floments appesred, with Mr. Lawronce's notes and nnnoulflmu. en- titlod Lawrenco's Wheaton, Socond Annotated Edition. The title of tho book was thus changod, without the consent’of, and to the indigna. tlon of, Mr. Wheaton's ropresentatives, who owned tho eopyright. Furthermoroe, tho editor hiad embodied, os tho ownora allego, his own po- culiar viows of political econowmy, which wers advores to the then pravallicg sentiments of patriotic Americans at homo and abroad, It was o timo whon tha National Governmont was hard Ernu»ml by the Itobels in tho flold at bomo anid y secrob cmnissarics at foroign courts. Quos- tiona of intornational law wore constantly aris- ing ; our homo and foreign policy was passing throsgh its most trying ordeal, and tho authori tics at Washington rofused to sanction, by pure clinsing tho usunl supply for the foroign oficos, a work whoso oditor wa# a propounced Calhonn. iut, aud whoso viows to a considornble oxtent permonted tho notes to the standard yolume on international Inw, In this dilemwa the ropro- sontatives of Mr. Wheaton sought a new editor, who, after #omo solicitatioa, was found in Mr, Dann. In 1864 his work bogan ; laborious prog- Tosn was mado for two years, and lato in 1806 #a0 oighth edition appoared, with his name ns oditor, Tho odition was favorably reccived at Liome and abroad, and has sinco ccounled a high standard position, hoving beon used by both partlos mt Genova. Tho compactnoss of tho noten aud citations has rondered it far more de- sirablo than tho bulky roferences and quota- tiony of Mr, Lawronco, In many cased authors aro citod who are not named in Mr, Lawronco's notes, but who wero easily accessible at the time ; and iu the ovidence bofore tho Maator Mr. Dana has shown a vaet amount of labor and ro- ‘search, for all of which ho reccivod only about what would bo tho foo for & slngle argumont in court. Mr. Dana hud no knowledge of any sgreemont Mr. Lowronce aud Mr. Whoaton's ropresantatived, except tho one above quoted; aud tho whola claim of Mr, Lawronce rosts on the question whethior Mr, Dana had tho right to cito tho sato authority on a given topio that Mr, Lawronco did, and at ‘the somo vlace, In ren- dering Lis decision, Judge Clifford decided soma polnts in favor ot hoth H""“' lmd down the principles of law applicablo to the case, and ro- ferred tho wholo matter to Mr. Paine to report upon tho annotations. Mr. Lawrenco never ob- tained an injunction, the wholo edition has boen #old, and tho parties are thinking of gotting out sunther, The questions involved are puroly of a vrivate nature, relating to n contract which Afr, THE MEADOW-LARK. The Meadow-Lark (Sturnella magna) s a rus- slo bird. e very namo bay a rural svor, bo- {raying tho localities in tho opon couutry whero it is most thoroughty ac howo. It is identified with green, stitl, and supny fiolds and pasture- lauds, where, through all tho Northeru Btatos east of tho Misulusippl, it may bo found from the early days of March until about tho close of Octobor, It l4 in such situstious that it hay ity abiding placo, aud there only do we expect Lho gratification of ite enticing songs and its dainty beanty. wander uto our city, ana, alightiog in the freo spacos utill left on tho lake-shory, encamp thera for days, asin o spot perfectly congenial. They rapge ovor tho grouud in & fearless, familiar wanner, gleauiug thoir fill of the soeds and in- evcts lying in thoir way, and eeem altogothor as comfortably disposod as in tho most rutired posi. tions swong country meadaws, They sing, and chaster, and fellowship with une another, carry- ing on all the business aud commerca of tholr Tives with such easy and happy abaadon thet the hieart of tho bird-lover observiug thowm I8 slwose cheated luto the belief that they bavo estab- lished thomselvos for tho womson, aud thas ouo Yot overy sprivg s bovy of thess birds Lawrenco slloges was made with him by the Whentons, with which 3lr, Dana bad notbing to do. Mr, Dana is but one of tho partics to the suit, which must, from tho nature of thinge, ul. timntely be declded by tho Uvited Siates Bue promo Court, aud no Issucs are involved whiol iwpalr bis fNitness for the position to which he Las been nominated.” —_— YOUR EYES. Bhine on, sweet oyea! your Hght fa life Lo me,— “Ykio stars {n which ! rcad Lovo's prophecy ; ‘Lo bigh above ny owi Lo be posscssed, ‘Till, whinivg dows 1o wiue, you make them blest, But oh! Lo true, be constant, in your light, Whitlo from Eari's deptlis £ atrive to gain your haight) T ay not lope Lo reach you i & day, But 1 aball struggle upto you some way. 1shall be glorifled tilt evon thou May look abovu snd say, I love you now 1 only ask you for & whilo to sliue Tow'rd wo, aud some duy you will reat in mive, 8 Enxa, —_—— A Washington oorrospoudent writes: *¢Mr, Pondletou’s teatimony was listened to with closa interast, und when Mr, Dass concluded his cross oxaumuation 8 Domocrat, who had boou takiog b ol in with growing disgust, muttered o bimy self : *Woll, Georgo, vou will never bo Presideny of ug:::llnlug biggoer than » oue-borse Keutuoky