Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 19, 1876, Page 4

ceeewinsd atone 4 TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. BATT! OF ATRECKITTICN (PATANLE 18 ADVANCE). Poxinge Irepaid at tis Oflecs * pally dition, post-nald, 1 yea 13.00 Varta of yoar al Mailed (o any address POUT Wi Eunday Kditiog:* Literary aad Parts of year at sars3 rato, WERKLY EDITION, POATPAID, Onncopy, per yerr.. Ulabel Urn, por copy Clad of twonty, per co) ‘The postare {3 15 conts ayear, which wo will prepay. Specimen copies acnt free. To prevent deley and miatekes, be mura and give Post-Ofice adress fn full, including Statoand Conuty, Remittances may be made either by draft, express, Poat-OMice order, or in regiatered letters, at our risk. TERMA TO CITE BUBACNINERR, Daily, delivered, Sunday oxcepted, 25 cents per week, Daily, delivered, Sunday Include, 0 centa per weeks Addrees THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Corner Madiron and Dearborn: Chicago, Hl, OO Al ADELPAI THEATRE—Dearhorn street, Monroe, Variety performance. Afternoon an corner evenlug. MoVICKER'S THEATH: ‘Dearborn anil Blate, Heary V." Madison vtreet, between, enientof Gearge Rignuld, NEW CHICAGO THUATRE—Clsrk street, betwoen Nendolph and Lake. Engagement of Franz Frayne‘s Combination, " Bi Slocum." Afternoon aud evening. MOOLEYS THEATRE~Tandolph street, between Clarkand LaSalle, Ingagement of the Kellegg Opura- Troupe, “ Martinyo of Figato,"* WOOD'S MUBEUM—Monroo street, hetween Dear~ horn and Ktate, “Pochalontas,” ‘Afternoon and evenlug. —_— SOCIETY MEETINGS, HESPERIA LODGE, No, 411, A. F, & A. M.—Tegnine eommunivation at Masonic Temple, coruur Randolph and Halvled-nts., thin (Wednerday) evening, Jan. Third Degres, "Visiting brotbrra condiall CHAR, If, BRENAN, W, ME CHAS, Fe ‘FOENSTE, dee, ATTENTION, AIR KNIGHUTS!—Tho Sir Ryiqnta of Clifeayo Commandery, No, 19, K, To, futendlug to visit Joliet, are notitiod to mrot at Asylum Weiluastay, nt iam, abarp, Jan. i, 187i, By order cf the Eat. Com. CHAS, J. TROWBHIDGL, Recorder, Whe Hhiwago Trine. Wodnosday Morning, January 19, 1570. OvercontZand fur-cnp weather is prodicted for this locality to-day, Greonbacks ut the Naw Yor! yerterday closed at 88}. Minois & Mississippi Canni was yesterday in- troduced in Congress by Mr, Henpensow, of Minois, A week or two ogo we published an articlo gn the Trent Valley Canal, A very interest- ing letter on the ramo subject, from Messrs, MeLrzrax, of ‘trenton, Canada, will bo found in our columna this morning, to whieh wo call the attention of our commorcial venders, Congressman Laxtan yesterday recoived the yote of the Democratic innjority in the Missis- sippi Legislature for United States Senator. 'Tho Republican minority refused to take avy part in the voto, und will disputo the legality of the clection upon the ground that o large number of the Democrats owe their scats in the Legislature to the employment of fraud aud violence at the polls. Farmer Fraqe and Statesman Saitn lamont amarked falling off in intorest and attend- nuco, a8 compared with former years, at tho annual Convention of the Farmers’ Associa tion of Illinois, now in session at Dloomiug- gon. Tho explanation may be found in tho fact that Farmer Fusco and Statesman Sst have not pauned out remarkably well as great reformers and brilliant political Tenders. Maine is onco agnin tho scene of a terrife. onslaught against tho cohorts of the Demon Rum, ‘Lhe temperanco roformers aro hold. ing meetings all over the State, and the en- forcement of the Liquor law is prosecuted with extraordinary vigor it would seem, judging from the experienco of ao Nick- lees druggist, who, for tho putting up of only one unwritten prescription in which alcohol was the solo ingredient, wes heavily fined ond sentenced to sixty days in ihe County Jail, A voice from the Southern Wlinois Ku-Klux is heard et Carbondale, where Mr. E. 1, Tincsu, formerly City Marshal, and now Deputy-Shorill of Jackson, ia in receipt of a badly-spclled missive, wailed from Chicago, and embodying a ‘ warning” Yo leave the county within ten days, or else expect to bo ussassinnted. Mr, Buvsm doesn’t expect any- ihing of the sort, aud is in uo hurry to chango his residonee, But tha people are on tho alert for the reinanguvation of the era of murder and lawlessness, and ought to be prepared for the threatened emergency. Tho man Davis, who murdered the Jandlord Wurranp on Thanksgiving Day, was yester- Gay pormitted to plead guilty to the charge of inanslaughter, and Judge Rogrns sen- tenced him to imprisonment in tho Peniten- liary for twonty-ono years, Judgo Rovens took the occasion to say that ho did not con- sider it a caso for tho infliction of the death: penalty, aud fixed upon twenty-ono yours’ imprisonment ag an adequate poualty, All good citizens will rejoice at this soutenca; but behind it stands tho danger of o pardon from a sentimental Governor, * ‘Tho debato in tho Houso yesterday npon the Centennial Appropriation bill indicates that the conciliatory effect of tho generous entertainment disbursed on the occusion of the Congressional excursion to Philadelphia has outlived the aepeyities of the amnesty discussion, and that the Confederates will not varry ont their thrent of ‘ gutting even” with the opponents of unconditional aumesty and ‘Lom Scott's Southorn Pacific job by slaughtor- ing tho project of cxteuding Government aid to the Centennial. It looks now as though Philadelphia would after all get that $1,600,- 000 bonanza, Mr, Wittzans, of Wisconsin, yesterday offered inthe Honse on amendment to Mr, ‘Buaine’s proposed constitutional amendment, ‘The latter relates only to tho appropristion of public school funds for secturiun uses or contro}, while the amendment put forward by Mr, Witrtass also prohibita the appropris. tion of inoney raised by taxation for the iuuintenauce of apy institulion, charitable or otherwise, under sectarian control, ‘This would cut off numerous charity schools, asy- Jums, buspitals, etc, now incorporuted in various States and occasionally iu recuipt of appropriations out of the General Fund. The Chicago produco murkets wero rother tamo yesterday, owing to tho miserable weather, Mets pork was moderately act. lve and 6@7je per bil lower, closing at $19.15 @19.20 cosh wut $19.80 for February, Lard “yas in fulr demand ato dolino of 24@50 per WO ths, closing af $12.22)G12.25 cash and fUE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: WED EET 30 for February. Ments wore quict and easier, at Tjc for shoulders, buxed, 10}¢ for do short ribs, and 10a for do short cle Tighwines were dnil and 1¢ lower, at per gallon, Flour was dull and easier. Whent. was less nective and 1c lower, closing at $1.00} ensh and 09}e for February. Corn was qui and firmer, closing; tame at 4876 ensh and 42ie for Fobruary, Oats wero quict ond casicr, closing at 80}a ensh and 0j¢ for February. Ryo was quict at Gés@G7e, Barley was duly nd 4@1e lower, closing at 84}@Si0 for Jan, unry and 77jo for February, Mogs were dull and exsier, common and medinn declining 5@ 10e, Snles were reported nt .20.00@7.00, Tho cattle market was lifeless, Sheep wero in limited demaud, ond velues wero nominal. On Saturday evening last there was in atoro in thia city 2,687,862 bn wheat, 804,245 bu corn, 417,589 bu opts, 147,60 bu rye, and 810,067 bit barley. One hundred dollars in gold would buy $112.87} in greenbacks at the close, Thero is tronble ahend on account of Prof, Jennur's Black ills exploring expedition, which, it appears, was ordored by Secretary Drxano without any authorily to provide for the expenses of the party, Mr. Drtaso drew on the Renoficint Object Fund appropriated for tho Sioux Indians in paymont of tho ex- penses of tho dunner expedition, but on the 8d of December tho ‘Treasury Department, having discovered the illegality of the pro- eceding, refused to honor his drafts, Thero than if doing a amaller and safer businesa ; and, while things go on smoothly ond all his enstomers ara equally fortunate in their rpec- wlatiors, ho continues to expand and grow rich, But there is but ono end to specula- tion, whether on a large or small saale, An acaidont, n rumor, a comparatively small failure, orn startling defalcation, may dis- turb the market, mny increnso the rates of discount, or suspend discounts, and then the man dealing on credit is brought to a stand, and then he goes down, carrying with him regiments of others doing tho samo kind of Duainess, "Phu capitulists. who, while tho prosperous trade continued, glanned rich har- vests in income, gather tho dividends of tho bankrupt estates, and when the panic" is over look ont for new enstomera among tho adventurons anid enterprising mereliants who do business on credit, ‘Phis revolution has become to a largo extent an accomplished fact in England, so much ro that the periodi- cal reeurronco of commercial failures has heen greatly shoztencd, and are 60 imminent at all times that banks, ineluding the great Nationnl lank, aro often re- duced to tho greatest straits to oter- come the storms. ‘his , rovolution—this expansion of commerco by tho substitution of eredit for cepital, with the spoculative and adyenturons character given to trade—has made great progress in tho United States. Tho panic of 1873 and other provious strin- geneica wero paralyzing to merchants in tho extent to which business was carried on with is, necordingly, a defleiency of $25,000 to bo covered by an extea appropriation, which Congress, under the circumstances, will prob- ably bo slow in grantin; An outline of tho diplomatic correspond- enco on the Cuban question to bo submitted to Congress to-day or to-morrow is furnished in our Washington dispatches, from which it appears that no new or starling phase of tho situation will be made public, ‘he batch of letters will embrace the interlocutory uote sent to the various European nations, invit- ing their viows a3 to tho policy of medintion, and their replies theroto, which are under. stood to have indorsed tho position of tho United States as stated in the President's message ; and possibly the more recent note of the Madrid Cabinot, the purport of which seams to have been correctly stated in the cablo dispatch published last Monday, Tho Kentucky Legislature yesterday, on the ‘eleventh ballot, elected Jazrzs LB, Beck United States Sevator to succeed Mr, Sre- yenson, whose term expires on tho 4th of March, 1877. Mr. Bees served in the House in four suecessive Congresses, commencing with (ho Forticth, Ie is a Scotehman by birth, having been born in Dumfricshiro in 1822, and is consequently in his Gith year, Sanven J. Kinzwoon, recently inaugurated Governor of Iowa, was yesterday elected United Stales Senator from that Stato, as suecessor to Senator Wriawr, whose torm nlso expires on the fth of March, 1877. ‘Tho two Senators-elect will enter ofice with the new President, ‘Che sessions of the Legisla- tures in Iowa end Kontucky being bionnial, tho elections for Senntor had to take placa fiftoon months in nadvanco of the beginning of the tern. Iu the Sennto, yesterday, the resolution of Senator Davis, of West Virginia, calling for an investigation of tho accounts of the Treas. ury Departinont, being under consideration, Senator Bourwext proceeded to explain what the uninitiated mover of the investigation night have seen before, perhaps, had he been better versed in the art of bookkeeping, and especially in tho necessary intricate method in vogne in the Treasury Department. Mr. Bourwri1., who appeared to have avery fact in conncetion with Govornment accounts at his fingera’ ends, pointed out and explained governt curious clerical errora in years pnst, and also showed how tho debits and credits io the various funds wero mado in tho differ. ent bareans, The work of innking up the monthly and annual debt statements was also clearly described. Allof the Republican Senators who spoke on the subject, although convinced that thero existed little necossity for such a course, favored tho investigation, that the country might be assured of their faithful stewardship in accounting for the people's money, DOING BUSINESS OH OREDIT, The Lewoerntic party iu Congress have so. far developed their policy on finances as to leave na room to doubt that they will repent so much of tho Resumption act as fixes n dato for specie payments, Lut tho vate on Iforatan’s resolution proposing this tmensuro indicntes that the party wes not disposed to act hastily on that question, nor to act nt ull until the Democratic Committeos of Ways and Means and Banking and Currency . shall have, if possible, matured a plan which ia to take the place of the Resumption act of 1875, ‘That ia, the present purposa is nos to destroy tho one plan until another to take its place has been agreed upon, ‘Tho fact is that while the majority af mem'yers of Congreas aro voluble enough on tha stump in discussing financial questions, they dis cover, when thoy mect in Washington, how little they do know ; that many other men havo different opinions, and heaw uccemary it isto movo cautiously ina ‘very gerious and responsibla matter, No mo of these men will acecpt the plan of th other, and it in to thin general want of kn owlodgo and diversity of judymont that tho country owes its escape from the volume of grado dud ignorant legis- lation which is proposed in Congresu. ‘The commer. of the world has, moreover, Leon largely ‘sayolutionized of Inte years, and the substitvtion of personal credit for eupital has intro-teod new perils and dangers un- known informer times, ‘Limo was when the trading vf the world was dono hy imer- chanes holding their own capital, nnd enjoying a credit proportionate to thelr eplual capital, ‘This system haa been gradually giviug way. Tho capitalists havo withdrawn as merchants, aud hive become a distinct class sof Jendenrs, and the men who do tho active business no longer own the enpitul with which they operate, Tho result in nu immouse expansion of reckless trade, ‘Tho merchant who ones made 8 small und reason- able profit on ‘nis capital, now, asa capitalist, roceives twit that income, ‘The amount of business he transacted was limited by his cap- ilal und ths credit which that capital author. ized. to was restrained in his operations by the dread of losing all ho had, aud a specu.’ lntizgg merchant was rated in commercial clreles ay unsafe, Now the thing is reversed. ‘She werchant of this day hirer the capital on which lg dues business ; dealing on credit his operations assmine ao mognitu:le unknown to his pedevesiors; he plays for prot; aa long us:he pays his interest ho is unqueu- tioned ;* he ventures with other people's money; where he would not carry his own ; wilh gn immousely-expanded business, ho, if succae:Sul, can make n greater aggregsta of moueyy, or @ smaller porventage of profit, credit exceeding that justified by capital, ‘Tho man doing business on his money is a for safer and moro prudent merchant, and less lisble to fail, than the man who trades on eredit, nnd who necessarily has to buy and sell anoro merchandise, and at less profitable rates, than his moro substantial neighhar, Ip tho ono case, failure means personal ruin; fo tho other, it means Josa to creditors. In the review of tho morcantilo failures of 1876 there was, amid the gloomy details, the encourngement that since 1873 there. had been an improvement in tho general charac. ter of trade, and it was due to the fact that the proportion of active and surphus capital held by merchants to the business done had largely increased and was inercasing. Tho speculative nierchonts carried down during tho bad seasons preceding had not resumed, and those who had survived and were able to maintain themselves were thoso who owned the capital invested in their trade, Tho credit mania ia very alluring; 9 “rushing business” meots the ides of pros- perity in tho minds of thonsands, When mon pay a thousand dollars per foot for lands [: they have never scen, and when banks load menoy onthe bonds or stock of imaginary nnd insubstantial companics; when money itsolf is worth in coin butn fraction more than the cost of printing and stamping it, then tho speculator and the dealer in credit considers the country at tho zenith of pros- pority, and that credit is iutinitely better than capital. ‘This ides is largely ropresented in Congress; it has had ita advocates in the Cabinet; it has its special friends on all tho lending committees, and hes been publicly defended by candidates for the Presidency, It is not sirauge, Aberefors, that {be average Congressman representing unsalnble town lots, or tha building of © non-paying railrond, or tho creation of local debts, or the oxpunditure of public monoy for public works, or any other scheme for using othor peoplo's money, is wild in advocating the parpotuity and expan- sion of tho credit system. Ho wants the. Government to be a inagnificent and parental ono, It is to him uot s question of trxos, but of erodit,—print the money and atr.np it, aud hang the man who won't take it, If out of a Congress, the majority of whoy.g mem- bers are believers in credit and its unlimited expansion, thero docs not como ¢.n this sub. ject any vicious legislation, the country will ayo reagon to be thankful, THE GA3-ORDINANCY, nosINEss, ‘Tho Coumon Council ly’ st night passed an ordinance granting to 419 Consumers’ Gas- Light Company the xig’at of way through the public streets and rleys of Chicago, to tear them up, and to, Yay gas-mains and pipe. Ponding a motion to reconsider the Council adjourned; xd jn tho intorrening wook tho Company ¥.i1 Irave to put up whatever sum of money: nay havo beon stipulated. No money, no ordinance; if the ordinanco is wor'a having, it in worth paying for, ‘That is the rulo of the Ring. But the Common Council is not the only autherity in such a case, Chicago is mrpposed to lave a Mayor whose approval iu uccesgary to givo legal effect to this or- dinance should tho motion to reconsider bo vated down, ‘The ordinance as paused is wingulnrly and significantly loose in its pro- visiors, ‘Nhe Heunso is given to this Compa- ny 7s tear up tho streets and avenues of this city at its plensuro, "Lhe ordinauce requires the Company to give bond with two uureties to pay all dam. ages that may rosilt from their excavations i, but this requirement is not of tho least valtro aad is merely formal, here was much ¢ Js. cussion in tho Council a5 to whe compr sed the Company, sud to whethor it had any financial basis, ‘The names mentioned fn the ‘Council a8 tho supposed corporators ara A, C, Rasp, of Minneapolis, Cuanues H. Noasu, of Now York, Joun McAnruun, J..G. “Buown, and H, D. Bnown, of Chicago. ‘Ika capital. ist of the concern is supposed ta be Mr, Nagi, There is no good objection to tho organization of a Lona-fide gos ‘company, with adequate actual cupitalf in wl¢.ch known wud responsible citizous aro cons ned, ‘Tho onjanization of such a company if, not only o wino precnution, but a very se nsiblo one, But tho granting of the ri gut of way to tear up ‘the strent: to an anony- mous company of whoxe mvsans no one pretends to know anything, ‘and of whose members Mr. MoAntuun ulone. is porsonally Anown in Chicago, is 0140 of tt iose jobs which are peerling fo Comrnon Connells, and of which the public will alway? form their own opinion, ‘'Lhere aro ‘iireo ather gas conspa- nies applying for )iko ortlinances, und wo suppose their appli: jations will be granted if they comply with the tera; cerluinly the Consumers’ Gas Compsuy ean elniin no monopoly of tho franchise, Now, thy Mayor is supposed to b 9 influenced by higher con- control the Co anyon Council, and the publio havea right to expect that before he ap. proves such 5 nordinanco as this ho will in- form himself of tho duna-fide charactor of the corporution, thd fact that it hay on uctual cash capita’; equal to this business, and thot it js not a? nezo legal device of the Ring and corporatit say, Ordinarily therois no competi. Hou in g’ is campanics; uuchcomputition docs not exist in any city iz the country, ‘ho rulv is oa arrangement by which the publicis nade t p pay the cost of supporting two com- panie 4, and énriching tuto organizations of One gus com stoc'choldery, instead of cine. siderations thar, {howe which are assumed to its agenté to threaten ond blackmail other HSDAY, JANUARY 19, 1876. pane ree hc lS pany could afford to serve Chi engo with gna t} cheaper than two ean; and the greater the j number of companies, tha mo ¢o costly in the} end tho nygrepate product. ‘#hilewe do not cppose the creation of additional gas com- panics, wo insist that the city shall not lend its official ranction, atd, and logal weight to new schemes of speculation and binckmoil, ‘The peoplo havo right to expect that tho Mayor shall uso his veto yyowor to provent the city boing used for any: such corrupt pur. pose, and to prevent » valunblo frarrchixo being granted to irrestsonsiblo parties. —_—_— WHO OAN MAINT AIN BPECIE-PAYUZENTS, In ‘Ene 'Trmuxe of a few days ago Mr. V. B. Denstow had 4 lolter suggesting dint re- sumption could bo brought about by the Government exchanging gold notes for its greenbacks at tho rate of $85 of tho former for $100 of tho latter, redeoming tho now notes on denaud in coin, and reisauing and re-redcemitag them ns fost as they were pro. sented. “de fortified his scheino by citing tho examples of Austria and Russia, which ho alloged lind resumed specio payments and maintaincd cojn-redomplion of their ‘Trens- ury motes for ‘a number of years. “At the brenking ont of the Crimenn war, Russia had for fourtcen years maintained at par with gold a non-interest-Loaring Government-noto eurrency of 511,000,000 roubles.” “ What Austria nod Russia have dane successfully under piven circumstances, the United States: enn do in like civenmstances,” said Mr. D. Wo wero not captured by these bold asser-~ tior.s, but pronounced them imero arsump- | tiens unsupported by facts, It was shown | Vaat (1) the parallel which ho tried to draw “between resumption by Russia and Austria | and by tho United Statens was inexact, 0 case of asgumption instead of induction; (2) his impractleable plan wus tried with tho most calamitous consequences by somo of tho American Colonies before aud during the Revolution; (8) that, the United States could | not keep up the reckemption of tho new nolos ] if it reissued then. ‘Tur ‘Tninuye of Saturday Inst contained o second letter from our correspondent, in which he carefnlly avoided discussing the last | of these points, which is tho main ono, and he drops Austria from hig citation of exain- ples, but reiterates tho ilinsive caso of Rus sic, and declares his argument ‘ pure induc. tion," instend of what it is, mere assumption, White ho clings’ desperately to tha fanciful ispecie-resumption period of Russian history, he enrefully avoids explaining the modus op. erandi by which such apocryphal resumption was maintained, He throws no light on how the thing was done. It is not explained how many notes wero presented ench yenr for re- demption, or how they wero reissued ofter being redeemed, or where the Government obtained tho specie, It could not havo been from taxes, because every year since the fall of Naronrox, in 1815, tha enrrent cx- yenses of tho Russian Government havo ex- eceded its income, and its debt las been constantly incressing by the snlo of bonds to pay current expenses, Betwixt 1822 and, 1873 $3650,000,000 of bonds were sold in. England, France, Germany, and Yollcnd, in: order to raiso money to defray current ox~ porses ; and this, too, in addition tot ther , forced lonns from its own subjects for’ the: wame purpose, ‘Tho Iussian Gover/menti ‘nna been utterly unable to enhateo its pager money to par with coi, or to releem it in specto, and Mr. D. is simply mistaken in supposing thet it was done, just as he was in tho caso of Austria. By tho way, we refer him to tho chapter on ‘Austrinu Papor Monoy "to be foiand in Wrazam G. Suunrn’s ‘History of Atuerican Curreney,” which will correct tho re marknble misinformation ho poasesses in re spect to Austrian finances and currency, If Russin, between 1810 and 1951, and Atustrin, previous to 1848, mnintained specie payments ona Government circulation, iJ, ia a little singular thot they have not attempted to do it sinco then; and if they dara not agiin venture on tho experiment we do not perceive tho relovancy of holding thez: up to tho United States ag examples of spocie-pay- ing Govornnents. © But Mr, Dexstow, with a natural paternal fondness for his pln, like that of a father for his bad boy, clings to his wild assump. tions about Ivasin, repeating them in still wikler form, ond claims that the Colonial at- tempt fuiled in thia country en account of “now wara and further issnes.” A slight coursa of rending in American history will show him. that tho attempt was o ropented failure Fa timo of profound peaco, and with- sont afiy incroase in tho volumo of tho now eurrrnoy, So much for that focble plea, Norg for Russia. * 5 “in roply to Mr, Dexstow‘a asaumptions, wo givo facts, Ho says thet Russia kept at par from 1810 to 2854 an amormt of puper equal ‘to 360,000,000 (621,000,0000 roubles), which was issued in 18/0 to take up from 1,600,000,000 to 1, 700,000,000 paper roubles worth 24 centson thodolar. ‘Tho facta in tho cnge, uccording to the unimpeachable author. ity of tho “ British Statasman’s Yenr Book,” 1875, pp. 366-7, are that tho now currency was jssucd in 1848, not 1840; that it waa put forth by tho Russian banka, not by the Gov- ernment, and that it mercer was ot par oither befora or sinco 1864, but‘has remained ata fluctuating discount of abaut the samo as the American groonback, ‘lo rander the character of Xtusainn curroncy clear to the apprehonsion. of the reader, we mako the following quota: tion from the “ British Statosmon’s Year Book” for 1875. Having enumerated tho bonded indebtedness, it says : ‘Not ducluded tu (his account are xbovo 750,000,000,000 [roubtes} of paper mowoy {cach roublo {v about 70 conta) called Billa of Credit, fseued by Government on the guarantee qf att the Yanks and other credlt eatabllubinenty of tho Earpire, united into a Stute Lank by Imperial decree of Hept, 1, 1869, ‘Tha capital of these eutablisiienty, which aro under the dirace Mon and puporviaioy of tho Minietur of Fluance, ta atated to amount (200,211,018 rouLlos, or £13,743,802+ ‘Tho noto-circulstton of Hussia kes iucreused very rapidly of lato yeatw, wile tho xpecte Las dimlulstiod attho sano (ime, ‘the {Bsnk) quaranteo fund of tho notercitculation not amounting to more than one. tenth, thas been font noceaary to givethem = forvod currency [legul-tender]. Notwithatanding thiu [\.gal-tonder) meawure, gold and allver Lavo becn for many yearaata prendum varying from 10 to J6 por cent, "th acatruction of public credit, trough an {Mbnlted iasua of paper-mouey, fa of old stand~ jug, Iu the reign of Camemtne If, tho first attempt, cu a lstyo mato, wie madd to cover tho annual deficits by s very liveral supply of paper soublea, thy sum total of which atthe death of the Empress, 1796, umnounted to 200,000,000 reablea, Dure ing the subsequent wars with Frouce and Turkey new emiasions of paper followed, with the consequenco that, 10 1816, the notes had fallen to 428 ; that 1s, ono allyor routto was worth 4 roubles 18 copeca lu paper. Groat efforte wero uow made by tho Goverumcut to fuprove this state of things, by withdrawing a portion Qf the puper fron cizculation, After ten yeare of fun Proved tluanclal mauagouncut, there resaained,tuwover, ‘1111 (0,000,100 (roubles) of notos, circulating at ue rato of threo paper roubles to one vilver souble, Aso Susi remedy, the hoperlal Goverument withdrew, in 1813, the whole of the old paper niouey, {atroducing, tn ite stead, u now form of Lunt-notes, with forced currency [legul-tender), By theso and otbor means, particularly tho cutablishment of the Btate Bank abova-mentioucd, the nowinal value of the paper money, called Bille of Grout, waa considerably ralutd, 20 ea to stand only at from 10 to 18 pes coat discount, However, a8 will be sorn from the above statement, the fame of paper money conthines at an ineresaed rato, the note-circla+ thon having taro tian doubled in ten years, From tho foregoing it appara that the currency of Russia singe 1843 has been issued in parinerstip by tho bankw and Govern. iment, but han nover bacn redeomed in coin by cither of then, Mr. D,'a statement of Turstan currency is thus shown to be a tinsno of fictions, ‘Yho Empiro lias hada deficit every year ninco 1822, It has met its current expenses by getting volnutary lone from foreigners, and forced lonns from its own people, who had to rnccopt irredeemablo logul-tondera, It lina nevor ninca tho time of Catuenisn IL, in tho Inst century, kept ite currency at par; it hind not a tithe of the “ gold hoard of $150,000,000 in coin” of which our correspondent writes with a con- dimptuous disregard for facts; and its most nacecesful attempt at resumption—an at- tampt which, after all, made its paper worth only 85 conta in pilver, not gold,—waa made by the banks, not by tha Government, ‘Mr, Denstow's assumption, that 'l'nx Trine une in not in favor of resumption because it bas riddled the sophistries and mistakes and inisstatements of hig plan, is ona par with jis othor assumptions. ‘Che beliof of "Tue 'Tntnune: is, that only tho ‘private cnpital of the country can isste gold notes ndequate to tho wants of business and keep them afloat, redectning them in coin aud reissuing thon. Wo challenge all his- tory, aucient or modern, for nn instance where n Governmont insted s papor currency aud mnintained it at par by any expedient, or redeomed it incoin on demand, ‘Lhis thing has only beon done by the bauking capital of any country. Tho paper enrroncy of Grent Britain, France, Germany, Swedon, Donmark, Bel- gium, Holland, Switzerland, and Canada is rvodeomed in coin becanse it is issued by pri- vate enpital; while tho currency of Russin, Austria, Italy, Turkey, Cubn, and the United Statos, which is issued by the respective Gov- ermnents, 18 not redeomed, but ia at a heavy and fnetuating discount. a MIDDLEMEN'S CHARGES, ‘The chango tho railroads are making in the modera channels of trado appears strikingly in tho diversion of tho direct trado of Chi- cago from New York, Tho New. York Cen- tral fxvors Boston, the Pennaylvanis Rond fevors Philadelphia. In consequence, of the foreign exports of Chicago Inst yenr, equiv. alent to forty-flvo ocean cargoes of 3,000 tens each, Iess then the equivalent of eight such cargocs went through New York. ‘Boston took eleven, Portland took one, and Philadelphia shout twenty-five, In 137%, thero were about twonty-sovon car- foca of direct exports from Ohiengo over tha Pittsburg & Fort Wayno Railroad ; in 1874, only about nino; this shows that the for- eign trado of tho interior in inerersing with great rapidity, and that this duvelopment in- ures to tho benefit of other senports than Now York. Now York is, of coucse, greatly excited ovor this present and prospective de- cadence, It Inya tho blnme on tho discrimi- uations of the railroads, "These havo had something to do with it. The chifting neces- sities of trade, which have changed tho seat of commercial empire many times since it rorided at ancient ‘Troy, have becn and are al- lently at work, Now York's exorbitant harbor and warchouse charges, and its exterminating municipal taxation, have likowiso been potent causes, Tho Westward movement of popu- Intion, wealth, trade, of ‘ompire,” in brief, ia nomething thet cannot bo orrested, and Leimdon, New York, aud Chicago con dono more of less than accopt tho destiny it gives thom, But there are some practical things tlist can be dono to improve the times and qaicken trade, burdened almost to suppres- sion, ‘Taxes can bo reduced, and oppressive ead needless charges on tredo can bo light- eacdor removed. Wo aro informed, for in- atsance, of a caso in which the chargos in this city for storage, clovator-service, switch- inig, ote, amounts to $17 o car, ‘The mune work is done in Indianapolis for Sf a car, Complainta are made all through tho West of tho excossive chargos v pon hendling grain, produco, and cattle in this cily. Thoso things aro injuring the teadoof Chicago, ‘The outery justly raisod a bout the discriminations of railroads against Cihteago should not divort our attention from reforming the abuses of which our dealors and handlers are guilty, Otherwigo tho uawapapers will by-ond-byo chronicle the Givorsion of the direct trado of the Woat from (Shiengo, a5 they ara now recording tho lossea ef New York in trade, The now Directors of the Emma Mine Conpany held o mecting in London on Jun.,7, and a report was made which tho Mow York Z'ribune’s. corrospondont snys was pleasant reading to nobody, He adds that it was 1tot pleasant for the ‘ ehoreholders, who tre told that of tho £1,000,000 they hava paid, thera remnina'to them tho sum of £2d7ut—fust over §12,000—plus a claim on somo Chicago real estate, Not for tho Inst two Boards of Directors, whose accounts and genera) doings sro challongod, and whoso good fnith is impugned. Not for the vondera, who ao alleged to bhava obtuincd that £1,000,000 by fraud, and who ore warned that thoy will bo called on to disgorgo thoir plandor, Not for tho origiual Directors, who avio held responsible for the false strtomants o:f the prospectus. And since ony of these otiginal Directors, Gen. Sourxon, was at tho time United States Minister to Great Brit- ain, tho report of intended proceedings against him cannot bo called pleasant read. ing for the American peoplo, whom ho utill @: ais)ropresents at this Court.” Mr, Anmxan- prin MoDovaat, the present Chairman of the D irectora, a man of, Inrge means, is to bo au- tL orized to use the name of tho Company in a series of Tegal procvedings ngainst all the pratics connected with tho foriner manage. m. ant of the ming, aud he proposes to do this nt his own expenso, A lively time, thera. feoe, may bo unticipsted in tho futuro, He is particularly hostile to Gon, Bouznes. Thoro was ono sublime epixote as tho Prince of Wales, after tho investment of the K nightsof tho Stor of India, was being driven t) rough the etrocts of Calcutta to the Gov- oi minent Palace, An ative was seen rushing tl cough the guard and police towards the Vi dinco's carriage. It was an awiul moment, A half-ted, half-clad, unarmed, ferocious Pi stish rushing through the amplo guard of he javily-armed men towards the heir of the Empire, It was ono of thoso instants big w ith fate, when Corporals mako themselves Dukes by o» single act of horolsin, Capt, Davipsos, tho offcer on duty, was the man for the hour, Ho grasped his sy ford, vast a look of undying devotion at hiaPrinco, dug his spurs inio his horse's fl. inks, ‘and bprang forward to ‘cnt down” this Hindoo, ‘Tho demeanor of tho Princo of Wiates was worthy of o King in this trying situation, Ho nover quniled nor blauched, hin quick eye," as Ball Run Roses loyal- ly: degerlves tho Royal ox-tike optic, boving pereotred that the poor hoathon hnd in his handa only a piece of paper, which proved to ho petition. Tha aworda wero sheathed, tho Pariah was not “cut down,” there wasno new Dukes mada that day,—and evorybody agrecd that everybody elsa hind shown a truly wonderful prosouco of mind The prophets who freely predicted aftar tho failure of tho Bank of Californin that they had known it all along, and that it was but the prelude to universal ponic and ruin in that Stace, now find themselves without honor in their own or any other country, ‘The innate strongth of California is appn- rently so grent, and tho elasticity of a correct fiscal system so instantaneous, that the proa- perily of the Pneiflo Const has been un- interrupted, The Hank of Colifornia has been rehabilitated, and within tho Inst three months now companies have been establish. ed with an aggregate enpital of 350,000,000. 'Tho dividends pald in the Inst year show au inerenso over those of 1874. ‘Tho total for 1876 was $20,785,200, against 820,303,200, This is a‘gain in one year of 36,431,500, 'Thero was this difference between tho pauio of 1873 and tho failuro in 1875 of tho Bank of Californin: ‘The first exploded a gonuino enso of over-spectiation; tho Iatter struck o community which had apparontly over-spec- ulated, and yot had failed by ono of, tho moat. singular turns of the wheel of fortuno to carry ita speculations up to tho reality which tho bonauzag suddenly revented. Tho truth was onco again stronger than iletion. Not o little surprise haa been occasioned ‘by the course of saveral Alderman in the matter of tha new gas-ordinanco which was passed Monday night, Amtong those record. ed as voting for the measure, nnd as resisting all efforts to secure postponemont for tho purpose of obtaining important information, aro the names of goven or cight members who have, ag a rule, not bean classed as be- Jonging to the corrupt Ring in the Common Council, but whose zealons support of tho Job in question has boon noted with astonish ‘ment and indignation by their constituents, ssho will be certain to make a memorandum of tho fact for futuro reforence. It Js for vensior to understand why certain other Alder- :men, who aro glinost invariably to be found with the Ring, voted against tho gas-ordi nanca; they hava schemes in hand which suit thom botter znd promiso Inrgor rosults, ‘Their motives ard patont, but thoxo of tho other class of Aldermen aro not so easily reconcilable with their provions records in the Council ——————— Dion Bovcroautr, in bia totter to Mr. Drs- TAELI, appoaling for tho relonse of the Fenian prisonors, states that 200,000 poopto {a London, who bayo witnessed “Pho Shaughrsun,” have enthusiastically applauded thu scono therein iu which {a aunouuced the Royal pardon of im- aginary Irieh political offenders; declares that auch applause arisos from the fact that The Englix peoplo have boguu to forgive tho of- fenso, aud hoartily dosiro to forget it;" aud addy: T hevo seen and T know that toward theo twelve or fourteen titerablo uteu are directed tho sympathies of 91,(09,000 of Euglivh hearts tn American broasts,— Engileh hearts that aincersly respect this mother country, aud word love her dearly 1f ale world let then, One crowning uct of humaulty would be worth: dozen mastor-strozon of polley anit tha great treaty Jo ba established with tiie Cuited Sintes Ie neltuer tho Canadian tekerick nor tho border-lize on tho Pacific Osestt,—{t f the Learty cobeston of the English and tho Atnerlean people, The imputation has been cast upon Bover cavit that this Jeteer waa written for tho pur- pose of advertising fs piar. ‘This uncharitablo suggestion ia uaturally rogerded by him with much Littornoss: and he carnertly asovorates his disintorestedneay, giving a3 proof theroof the fact that, before massing nis appoal, ho with~ drow * ‘'hoShaughraun " from the Gordon stage, itbolug hen at cho tight of its popularity, and thua forfoited n peraonal roccipt of $2,000 o wool,—this large xgacrifice of pecuniary profit being mado for no thor rosson than to pro- yout his Fonlan appent from boing rogardod aso thontsical move, ‘fhe English paporz. however, insist upon putting a gelfish construction upon hija action ; and Bovoroau7. disgusted with tho manner ia which bis benovolent proposition hos boon received, bas, ad wo havo already noted, determined to abandon England and return to the United States, To the Editor of The Chicago Tribune: Curcduo, Jan, X—Ip Puooron's late work, “Our Place Among Indnitice,"” on page 31, speaking of the time when ali the sun's planets will nave grown old snd become arld wastes, the writer gaya? ‘Then tha ilmoe will arrive when the aun will be tue Ot abodo for living creatures,” Afr, Pnooron faila to veil: from whonea the light and “heat considered necessary to support lifo ate to be obtulned for tho aun’s future in iabitsnts, and Lean concelve no reasouablo solution of the problem, Of cours Mr, Pnooron bas not over- looked this diticulty, aud bag some solution of it, Can you tell me what it iu? W. A. He Wo do not know tho olution referred to, but tho difficulty noted by our corrospondont has been alrondy recognized. In the laut of the lec- tures dolivered by Mr. E. Corurnz, of this city, in McCormick's Hall, laat winter, before tho Sunday Afternoon Lecturo Society, the matter wea roforred tons followa: ‘A fow millious of years hence ho (the aun) will havo cooled down to tho polut whore ho will coaso to ‘bo solf- luminous, Tho solar system will then be dark, oxcopt as it will recoiva a falut light from xomo of the other atars, aud tho lack of solar heat will thon prohibit Jifo on tho surfacos of oven thogo planots which have nut died out from solf- econgolation, Will tho sun, himsolf, bo thew habitable? It scoms almost impousible to an- awor thia quoution fn the affirmative, Tho sua could acarcely be lighted and hosted by some othor far-distant body aftor, his own Nght had gone out forever, At lonat, bo can never bo in- babited, oxcopt by beingy who con exist without light, We may draw the game conclusion with reapoct to ai} tho solf-lnminous stars, oxcopt sach of thom anara at proscnt smaller attond- ante upon: some of the Jargor ones.” There te tho toaching of tho Wostorn Continent aa ageinat that of tho Old World. Our cosrospandeut can take his chaico, ee In one column the London Tinies of Jan. 4 inquires whoro a suitablo vessel for o naval tramning-school may be found to replaco tho Goliath; burned io the Thames, and in another column it hag to roport the burning in tho Thames of tho remaining tralning-ship, sho Warupito, ‘The English navy that ouce awept tho seas appears likely to disappear ignobly be- noath tho waves without o shot, Water, tre, snd unucamanly management bavo, iu tho lastaix monthe, castied ltavoc and conaternation into the navy that, audey Nezaon, defiod and dofoated the navies of the worla, Was there evor a moro ahameful chapter of acoldoptsthau that which be- gan with the sloking of the Vanguard by the Tron Duke, and bas now snded, perhaps, with tho burning of two training-elips in full yiow of tho London cockuoys, who learn to sing in their cradios that “Britannia rulea the ware"? ‘The London Times avolda through s column at tho jnofficiency that was dieplayed in dealing with tho firo. Jv jas aad spectacto, When an Ba- piish man-of-war goes to sea it {a promptly ran down and sunk by the Admisalin command. If it stays at the docks st fs burned up by incondl- aries under the eycy of tho watch, and the firo- ougines of tha slip and thouo of London com- bined fail to orroat the Hames, No wonder the English aro in dewpalr abuut tuelrnavy. If thoy goto war, it fa thelr wavy that mill eavo or logo, London for thew. Mr, Jonna BroNB announcos, through tho Asboville (N, C.) Citiaza, of which bo te editor, that bo bed "publicly brsnded Josrau LTunxea ava lar, coward, sud villain;" that Josiau bad @ubmitted so ¢uowa pursoual reflections “in a manner illy comporting with nis boasted brave. ryi" and thet, coussquandly, he (ompan) cam not, “consiatently with his own sell-respect,” ba drawn julo any farther controversy with tho wonk-kueod ‘sr Mr. Brosm: fa evidently dis. gusted becanna his body has notas yetlern fitled with turk-shot—-an operation chica would wnionbtodly have been performed hag MM. ‘Lenser Leon posscacod of any sentiment of chivalry, How sally hau Southern spirit do- generated, when ono goutleman cra now call anothor “aller, coward, aud villain,” aad rea ceive ano moro gorious response thau “ Yuu'io anothor!” — ———+ The rocont grant of titles in Great Britain, of which we mato somo montion yorterday, etn. braces eight diferent perrona, Cranten Mt, Gonnox-Lnxxoz, Duka of Ricioxp, Lessor, and Auntosy, bas bean given a fourth Duro dom,—that of Gonvos. ‘Chis quadrople-cor. noted individual ia & descendant of Loviva QurnovaAiite, tho noted French mistress of thy “Marry Monareh,” who, a8 was malicionaly ro. marked by ono of his boun-companions, was, if not “tho fathor of his people," st leant “the fathor of a good many of thom.” Wittian Nre vint, Esl of Avenaavenny, which title nay created fn 1784, has boow made o Marquie; Evwann Moxtaosany 8, G. Srvant-Worrs11 Macnenzin, Baron Wiranxcnirre, shove tit! dates “from 1826, hae beon raised to cn: Earldom; and tho Enrl of Enxe, in the Tria Voorage, haa becn created o Teor of Great Britain, Bowidos these, four Comino have bean raised to tho Peetags,—Sir Rounnz ‘Youven GErRand, whois s Catholic, aud whorg Haronetoy dates back to 1011; Joux Ratwt Onseny-Gore, M. 2. for Nortkshropehiro; Henny Guaanp Stunt, M. 2.‘ for Vorsetshire; and Jou Tonbesaciy, a country-genileman of Suffolk. ‘Tho sight foitunate gentlemen rtoro roferred to aro, of conrse, rtrcugly Courorvative in polities,—thoir Torylsm hoing beyond eux. pivion of any taint of Tiboralioa. Mossra. Moony and Sanxey havo finiched their work in Philadolpbia, after aa encrygctic enmpaign of aight wocks’ duration. Thoir pte cosa in stlractingy hearoty Las bicn vary gro3t, pnd itiaroayouablo to provusae that they have met with @ corresponding degras of wtccecs in exclting religtous feollug amaug their auditors, ‘Tho grand total of attendants upon tho setvicce fm catimated nt 900,000, comprising some 500,020 difforaut persons. The expenses of tho revival wora about $90,000, moro than tivo-thirds of which amount was csvered by voluntary sub seriptions. Tho ovangolista will now take a buiof rosting-spoll, proparatory to thote grsad onslaught upon the Evil Oue is Now York. tne nnn Sevoral prominent dostora aayort that Canns’ did not dio because of tha wonuda titiciod by Lanny, but oa account of tho unsiillfal manuer fa which tho wound was traatad by the surgouua who had it in chargo; iu other words, that the rentedy wan a good deal woreo than tho diacsus, ‘Whe unfortunate man's modical attendants, in drawing-up thoir bill for servicss In Lis caso, should follow the example of the Irinn Alicu pian, aud make it rend: ‘+ For curing Mr. Can- RiTH HN ho died, ¥- “For thiy are we doctors," ‘ ab aa, PHRSONAL, Lita Joun Porter is Lkely to be rade Chiot of the Now York Police at a ualery of G10,000 por anim, ‘Thu oply son of ex-Sonator Harlan bas had another sevoro hemorruage, aud ip nos ex pected to hve. A Boston paper says Bret Tlarta commenced life au achild,” which meacu that Le wae fuliy a-bronst of bis times, Aira. Fred Grant and Madamo Mantilla, tho Spantst Minister's wife, are wsid to be the two mout Doautiful women in Washington. Mr. A. CG, Whocler, the accomplished and es- geomod dramatic eritie of tho New York World, faa written » play which baw beou ‘accopiod by Mr. Watlaox, Prot, Popper, watl known by hia lecituroa Lora, is regulatly on tho theatrical boarda atSt. Louis, appearing iu ‘Iho Alchemiy:'s Daughtor "oa the Alchemist, ‘Misa May Howard baa hocoma a regular mem bor of the stock company at tho Chestnut Stroet Pheatro in Philadelphia, —tho UnionSyuara Lhe atio of thatcity. Andy wiites to tho Now York Herald seking a recipe fur cupcake. Woll, takoa cup of water, a couple of cloves, and p hiccouzh; the conus quoncea will be a boautiful caltoouphouy. Maploson, the London opera-director, Ie the husband of Madamo Titious, aud bo has con over to this country to protect her intercatt and hiaownin tho opcra-soasou shortly ta ba opened. Father Tom Burko, whose historical contro- veray with Irroude in this country two yoars ayo made him very promlnont, aud who has long been a famous Catholic orator, dicd at tho real» donco of bis mother in Gatwey, Iroland, on tho 15th of Decombor last, ‘Phe Yato atumm proposoto mnie # full collec: tion of the works isauod by the officers aud alumni of Yale, to form part of the Americay Educatlonat Dopartinont at tho Exposition, and fually of the Yate Library ja ou * Atumni Al- cove.” Buch publications sould be sont wt ovct te B, G, Northrop, Now Lavon, ‘Tho Prince of Wales’ prosence at the Nautect girl-dauces in India ia considored unbecumiug tn England, and ts knawn to bo thought disrcp- utable among respectablo Ifindoos. Dr. Daff, of tho Scottish Froo Church, openly censures the Nautschy conduct of the Princo. Evidontly ‘+ tho sensual lag " bas been raised. AParis correspondont writes; Tho Diahoy of Urleans loaves this morning for Romo ona curious mission, Monsolgneur Dupanloup goer with all bis staff, and with all tho pomp of bia high office, for the purpose of laying a long. and minnto report boforo his’ Holiness tho Popa and tho Noman Guris, Tho object ts to obtain the canonization of tho Mald of Orleans, or to mula asaiut of Jenano d’Ara. I hopo he will succeed, for beyond all question La Vuceilo has more titloa to x saintohip than many of thoso who fig- ure in thocalondar.” Gon, Garibaldi still suffors much from bia wounds, cepecially in damp weathor, ond at auch timoa Le fa obliged to keop his bed, He receives many callers, 6 large proporticn of suom ara English, Ho talke much of Enropeay Qivarmament and arbitration, aud eapevially urges tho point with French visitors, Ou being told that Frauce could nevor ceago to think of tho roacqueition of Alesca and Lorraluo by aly possible means, and avkod what bo would tuve eaid bod digarmamiont aud arbitration boca proached to ltaly beforo it recovered Voulco and Nome, bo replied that in ila oyos the annexation of Alusco aud Lorraino was tho most batotul of Imiauitles, but tbat by the arbitration of other nations, end the co-operstion of tho Gormau Democtacy, Erouch patriotism might obton what it Jastly considered tho eacred aims of ro vouga, HOTEL ARRIVALS. ‘Palmer Hovee—Jawes M, Beatt, Cincinnatl; Georg? OG. Davis, Boston; J. i, Holile, Bostou; Willlam Uay- fey, UBL A, He Ly Carver, St, Paul Poneer z Hi, Be Merrell, Detroit; Jules Titgel, Now York; the Hou, J, Moyen, Boston; 2, N. Gi 4,8, Hul bard, Ds trots Patel Vowers, Stratiord, Conn. W.1, Mopsins, Morriv, my; 8,0, Ydeuil, Dizon; J. O, Ide, Spriugitold, IN; be Bf, Bl aualt Hoy, Councit Blutts; Eu. Te trewont House—Eugeny shew £auG! NUO, Lawreuce, Mouton; Geu. A,B. ‘T York; the Hon, OG. We Clistce, Wheaton, Detroit; jthe due Gussopulls; We W he ak Burlingtow Charlee, Yeck, Detruit) Toylor ‘Plorce, Dea Moines Hon, U, T. Coo. anu’ and Houry Benson, Detroit: Dt 3 nll, _Ussaboo; W, Maughtoa Yrant, Uly' BB, Shuniway, | Streator... Sherman Hovee—The Von, Ucorge Vodae, York by. rou; Cot, H, Ue Burgh, Hock Inland; P, J, Darin Welthau; tue Mou. A, A, Gleun, Mount Biter! ingi Julia Il, Page, New York; the Mrg. Carollue ftichiuges Yernacd Concert Troupe; the Hou. B.A, Kibourd, Jain; Ma}. A. B, Paddock, Owahey Bt i. Joulsa: Woodstock; George B, Duugherty, Buftalo,., tard ner Howeo—J. J, Wicharleou, lowe; W ne hy Walker McGluckliu, sud Heury Baye, Sekt, IL; Or T., Harrison and Sifss Liza Harrigou, Liverpool Epg.3 Janes Welsh aud 20n, Boston; #, D. Lewle, Williaa town, Alie,} @. L Bulings, New iaven, Calm, BF OB. MM R Rae eT ee.