Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 15, 1876, Page 9

LITERATURE. Gliimpses at Art in Japa; The Envention of Printing. Gen., Doubleday’s Reminig- cences of Forts Sumter and Moultric. Germans fn Our Revolutionary War «-=Plutarch as Known fo Shakspeare, Sormong from Nature---A Life of Josus for the Young-~-Jape aneso Oustoms, Daron Steuhen's Military Regulations.. Grasshopper-Bait for Sardines «Qcean Cables, Pompciian Excavations---Nordenskiold's Siberian Expedition---Explora- tion of New Guinea. Patrofaction in Egas---A New Spcoios of Whale---The * American Nat- uralist” and * Sciontifio Monthly.” LITERATURE, JAPANESZ ANT. A GLIMPSE AT TUE ART OF JAPAN, Dy JAuxs Jack. 0% Janvee, Author of Art-Studles,” W Art-Tdes,” etc., cte, 12mo., pp. 206, New Yol Hurd & Loughton, rice, $2,50, Thore is no class of writora that mway moroe juasly be called tho apostlee of trull than thoy who coricetly oxpound the principles of Art. Awong the tonchera of thoology, thera is not o purer, severer virtue inculeated than that which Is demanded, as tho Lacis of ripht concoption &nd right action, by tho really great fllustrators, in theory aud practice, of tha rules that govern genutuo Art in ita various manifestations, Thoro &ro no books In our librarics whose moral fnflu- enco |4 raors olavating and impreesivo than thoss which have como from Ruskin, ITamerton, Cyr- whitt, Jacrves, and Violiet-lo-Duc, They have treated & special {opic, limited, it might bo supposed, to the very foz in n eommunity who bave a neturnl or oultivated tasto for sit-works 3 bul, in tho clucidetion of this sube Ject, thoy have made thomsslves univercal in ap- plication by demonstrating, with .tho resietless forco of solemn fervor, the boauty, tho cewirn- bloncas, and the noblo utility of honesly, err- uestness, and simplicity iu thought and v con- duet, 7 All theso writers aro moved {o clogquenco by tho jospiration of thelr theme. Wruth itsolf, though couched 1n tho homehest apcech, i ever wnjestic and imporing, It will stir aud swaytho mind by tho solo might of its inhelont grandeur, And when art-writers, ko thoso already cited, are impelied, by their esrnost convictious, to show what is tho good and the trno that mnst lis nt tho foundatign of geunine Art as of gennino living, thoy aro continually lifted, by their entint- s1nam, to o height whonce they doliver thcir ut- terances with tho autherity and the influence of » Pythoness at tuo Oraclo of Apollo. It 15 this impassioned ndvocacy of tho beautiful and tho pgood tust constitutes the higheat werit of trealives on Art, and gives them a valno and an attraction for all readers; for tho many who may never kuow anything of pletures ind seulptures, except ao they reo thom in Na- ture, and for tho ekilled artist and the con- noissour, who apprehuond, from practice and ob- tervation the manifold formg of ‘Losuty that can bo evoked from marblo or thrown upon cau- K. 2 ‘e work befero ns amply verifies the fore- going declarations. 1t takes for its subjcet tho Art of Jupan; but white axibitivg, with mi- aute analysie, tho phases and peculinritics of thio esthotic oxpression of the lifo and tho foele ing of o curions and uniqno Oricutal nation, it points out with emphatic divoctness the abidivg lnwa of sincerily, ingenuousncss, and frlelity, that form the substructuro of tho pure Art of Japan, ag of that of Italy and of Greece. In studying the Art ot a people, It bs first nee- cesary to comprehiond their genns, Wo munt learn at tho outses the dominaut tralts of their character, gathering our kuowledze from o clozo acquamntanco with the entire raugs of thefr habits. Thus dlrceting our stiens tion tao tho iuhabitants ot Nipon, the “Land of Penco,” thoro Is oponed to our ¥iow nn aspect of human nalure that s of sin- 5ulnr interest and charm. Wo bokold a people ifforiog remarkably from most other races in their adborence to Naturo s It exists around thom and speaks within thomsely en, ‘Choir rolig- lou, in 1ty geusrally-provalling form, confining all bopes and faars o tho present life, contres thioir 1nterest upon terresirial thing, and leads them, oA a rational consequenco, 0 fccopt with cheery ligut-neartounows whatovor portion Desti- ny has allotad thew, and to get tho utmost cn- joymont out of {t. Thiy wuquostiontng, undls- tutbed contentment, this porfect reconciliatton with the decrees of 1-'nlu. {8 uu eminont featuro iu thte nstionnl disposition. Tuo closo sympathy of the Japaneso with tho natural world chorishes o epiriv of eimplicity, whilo it stimnistes tho esthiotio temperamont. Al ranka of the peoplo havo a passionato fond. ucss for open-air hife, nud for whatever s pic- turosquo and beautiful'iu the landweape, Thay sro caroful to secure, in the middle of their cities, frapmente of the wildetuesy,whero Naturo sboll dwell unrestrained, and whera thoy can have freo access at overy hour. ‘Their houses #ro 80 constructed as to zdmit amplo viawa of tho sky and carth; and in the oujoymont of thieso thoy find thoir chief dolight, Depending 80 muchi upou outdoor resourcos for huppnoss, they caro littlo for indoor lusury, und nro content with tho fowest and simplest ape polutients requisito for domestic comfort, !Ulean maty for Dbeds und suats, o fow wooden pillows, prodigiously uncotnfortable, portable K0ve, & seore or moro of Incquer and Pporcelain dislics, perhaps a pretty eatinot to hold wiltiug aud drawing materlals, end their fow fwall objecty of Art, n musical nstrumont or Lo, and a8 many tereen paintinge, —theso cone stitute tho entiro equipmoent of & Jupanceo dwelling, sud uatisfy ail the wants of ts inmates, With euch ccononly snd simplicity regulatiog their material needs, oven tho poorest peasant lin4 sorue resorve from o seanly iuconie with Whiel to indulgo his taste for Nature, over near, and for Art, that 1a abuudant wid wwosnensive, As tho normal sccompaniment of this porvad- ing love of Naturo aud Art, o fiue, gentlo cour- tesy ohiaracterizea the entire people. ‘Tho high- or olagscs aro exquisitely suavo and stately in their demeanor, aud the lowor degioes aro univorsally simplo and winniug in thelr manners, Unitod 1o, or rather interponetrating, the sunny, artless, sholesoino temper wo hiave describod, Ty & Loch monso of bumor, that uees and vujoys tha Froluaq\u and ludicrond slde of overythiug, aud lovos to -nFaurnlo itin unsparing yet good-ne- tured caricature. ‘he flne arté—using tho termin ita highest slguiticanco—do not oxist In Japan, Noithor srchitocturo, sculpturs, nor ‘uluflug. in tho uobler forma cultivated by clvilizod uations, Las boen produced by this tugonious peaplo, Tue physical cunditions of Lhoir land, where typhoous sud earthquakes of tho most destrice tive sort aro froquent, forbid tho ercction of elovated structurcs componed of solid materiale, Ldifices dosigned for pormauence are wueccs. eary built low, broad, and massivo; while all ordinary houdes are wado lightly of wood, or Ul frailer watorial, and with paper or mat yar- titious, in order that thoy may boud aud ylold to the storm, or to the throes of tho ecarth, nud, if destroyed, can bo caslly aud clicaply ru- ploced, Whatever of architecture, therafore, is oxhibiled in Japau, i8 tent liko fu principte aud tomporary fn character, ‘Thio tustinct of immor- tality, which is absout from the spirit and con- ceptions of the uvation, Is 150 waating in (ho lustrations of their bullding - 1 4 with architecture. so it 0 with poulptas THE CHICAGO TRIBUNL SATURDAY " JANUARY "15, 1876—TWELVE PAGES: Wa may not laok for oxnmrlun thin de) fuent of Art that anawcr {ha demandu of our rigid echools, Ihe Japnneso artist fu ignorant of nnatomy. 1t 13 o desocration® for him to touch a dead body: heuco ho bus no exach knowledgo of the siructuso of tho human frame, and does not attempt to ronder ity proportions ond contour correctly, 'Thera is no truo offork at modeling visiblaIn olther atatuary ar plcturos, 'I'ho figures in tho lattor are fat,” shadowloas, angular, and sharp®in outlina ; yot, in theso re m tho ivory carvings, in tho wooden and brouze statued, aud In tho large fmagoes of the Japanose disinition, there iy eacured an adinivablo ox- prossion of either action or ropose, and the charactorimticn simed to Lo reprodonted aro exe ceHently given, With ail elso that must ho exclnded from onr exsiectalions of Japanaxo arf, eascl-paintings ato also to bo reckoned, Nothing of tho kind 8 found sniongs their art-productions, Picturos in framed aro nover seon {n tholr interiors, Instond of theso, they have, firat of all, broad views of pleasing landicanos throuzh open doors and apettures contrived for the purpose ; aud, to euggest Naturo swhon sbo I8 unatialuable, pano~ 1amie sconen, paiutod on screeny or on serolls, Lung on tlio walls, nud 1wolated bite of drawwing and coloriug, decorating tholr sparso articies of (urniture, their books, and their oruaments, Thiege gpecimens of work with tho brueb, though utterly np{mxm‘, In most of thelr qualitics, to tho rchaols of pointing that have been inborited Ly modorn natious from Greeco nud Ituly, have, nevertheless, traity that, carefully studied, call furth hvnrlf’ adwiration, 'They whow wonder- futiy-ghkilital haudicraft, & trutliral apprecistion tiiro, and o froo and eary execution, *Tho of N elitel eMort in to mnko tho motive tell ita talo in the most direct, omphatic mnuer, with the smallest display of techuical Inbor,” ‘The estliettc teinperament of tho nation, re- rarks My, Jarves, in most sublly felt w its uge of colo ho Orienlaly nolvo problems of color whicl, withi onr cnfecbled sonser, wo nover daro connider. 'They dstill, an §t wore, cato new tints from Nature's gifts, which aro tho dexpair of Muropoan chemical acience, aud shich wo can vty lilken Lo Lappy functional ox- pressions of esthetio tomperamont in tho obe Joeta themeolves, as the sun glorities tho clear Hky, according to ity senvon and position In tho heavens,” ‘Lho fluesl paiutiugs of tho bost ern of Japaneso art nro, sayw Mr, Jarves, later, ** eolor-cloguont throughout, and nense-exciting 0 14 R PAABIONGIO OVArLHLO L6 n grand opera,— every dutnil indieating an osthotio funduees for brghtest tinta,"” But 1t s iu thoe decorative arts that tho Japa- neso vartienlarly oxcel, aud Lory they are almost without u rival.” Evory articlo in their service, Lowever common, i3 #0 canstructad as to attract attention, list, to momo quality of gruce or Leanty that adorns it ; and, secondly, to tho par- ticulnr ueo it iy intended to answor. Even tho meanest object **Is quito puro to have sbout it nomo wlight ouggestion of otuament, womo dutnty touch of an eathotic finger, whic'gives it an air of gool brecding, aud, like tho tramed politoncss of the Latim peasaut, or tho Japancso, too, for that matter, raiyea it Lo the highor level of anintellectual v well ns material recognition. "his comes of the perfect knowledgs of where utility ends and decoration bexins, thelr recip- rluc. vireues aud dutica, aud slull 1n uuiting them, **‘Lho Japancao artizan tekes deligbt and pride In hin work, nud rpares vo palus to mako it ab- #olutoly pierfoct 1 tabrication, convenionce, nud fintsle. ” In the rocial sealo ho ranks sbovo the merchant ond tvader, for be creates what thoy but sell, Coneidering the diligence, fidelity, dextroun mauipulation, and ecthetio tasto exhil ited by artiets and artisans, wo may all the moro prolitakty dwell,” says Mr, Jacves, *‘on the best Japanoso examples of tho bappy combination of an unrivaled scomitiveuess aud minutest delici- ey of eubtlest mampulation; in their directness, firmness, and minutcness of touch, stroke, and outhue; on their high nod low harmonies and contrasty of color; oun their inventive daring oud varlety of designs and composition ; their thorough und masterly handwork, wedded to o vivid ‘ruthfulness of artistte and esthetic char- acterization,—givivg (his lust, albeit it ghould Liavo the plnco of hionor.” “Iho opcchs during which tho Art of Japan lina flourishod with the most vigar correspord, quite ewgnlacly, with tho Murojean, Tho first orw is contemporary with tho sucicut dyuaaty of the Aitados: and tho secand, answering to tho pe- rind of our Itemaisrance, is identified with tho roign of the Bhogoons, aud ombraces tho four- teenth, fifteontl, and mixteeuth conturics. i3inco tho death of tho Emporor 'Laiko-Sumo, in 139l thero has been & _slow aod #iendy decademes; sud Mr, Jarves pro- dicta” » not dintant estinction of ‘tho R oo indigenous art of tho mnation. b the reetorntion of the Mikados, the ideast aud habila o which was foundod the Art nourisied by the Shogoons have beou over- torucd, and, to completo tao revolution, forcigu- ere havo iutroduced u commercinl spirit thag iy fatal to tho practica of all trus Art. ‘Lo fllustrate tho Japancss systom of design, Mr. Jarvos hns accompanied bis work with re- productions in photo-lithography of character- 1ntie drawings, representing the boat poriods of Jajpunoso Art, They jack the clorm of color which 18 ;o importaut an oletent tn the afiect of tho ostginals: still they ivo a just ides, as far 8 it in carried, of tho motiyo and the treatmont that distinguish the iluest examples of Japa- newo paiuting. . PRINTING, INVERTION or PLINTNG s A CoLLEGTION L OITNIONA DESCHIPI(VE wi BANLY CAnby, 108 BLocK-Books ov 1TPSTICENTURY, TiE Lrorsn o Lou- or TIAABLAS, AND TRR Wonx oF Jony GCUENNIRG AND His ASwocIATes, lustzuted with Fuc-Similew of Early Typea sud Wood-Cuts, Ly ‘Turoponk L, Da Vi Now Yorl ll'r-nfh 1fart & Co,, 12 aud 14 Collogo place, 1836, Vars L. Hotheby declaren that ¢ Printing, whilo it ve- cordy tha birth of every other inventlon, is silont iu regard toits own,"—a fact which has led to funumerablo controversies among bibliographe ors, Tho managemont of theso controversice has mado repulgivo a subject which of itsolf would bo intrinsieally attractive. * T'lhe history of the inventiou of Printing hes been written to pleaso national pride. German authors assert tho elaima of Gutenborg, and discredit traditiona about Costor, Dutch autbors jusist on the priotity of Costor, aud clarge Gutonberg with riealing the luvention. The quarrol has sproad. Lnglish and Fronch nuthors, who had na nation al prejudices to gratify, sud who should havecon- eldered tho question without passion, havo wrauglod over tho subject with all the bitternons of Germans or Hollanders,” To render the coutroversien still leas instructive, they havoe been carried on by bibllographers, who lacked the necessary tochnical skill to properly do- ecribo the constmetion and appearance of carly typea and tho usages of early printors, and who offected to sncerat tho atlempts of printors thomeolves Lo shicd any light upon the anbject, Then, woat of tho books upon the subject wero in & dead Jaugunge, which senled them to the #ouoral reader, *Tho history of printing was but history in fragmeuts.” “Tho first nttompt to give a completo and con- nocted bistory of Printing was mado by the eminsut printor, August Boruard, who, In 1853, published at Parin a disquisition entitlod e Corigine et des Detiuts de UImprimeric en Europe. Mr, Do Vinue, ne ho informs us in his prefaco, was 80 impresod with the walno. of BI. Bornaid’s work, that he began a translation of it for tho henofit of English roaders, Whilo thus ongaged, hio Liad occasion (o cousnlt many of that writer's uuthoritics, und foally begai an entirely now book upon & plan original with him- self, and which, wo prodict, will” bo tho most comploto yot publishod on this subjoct, Tt will bo {esued in five parts, of about 108 poges cach, ‘I'ho fitut of those is beforo us. Mr, Do Vinne_stsrts aub with a chiapter npon thio “ MiTorent Methods of Printing,” whicl ko classca aa stcel-plate or copper-plate, lithogra- phiy, 1ypography, and xviograply. ‘The clearost and mout succlnet description poesiblo is given of each process, so that *ho who ruos way read.” course, in point of ukefulness, ho awards tho palm to typography, which alone, in tha comwoni accoptation of thy term, {3 the arg ofZlrinting, ‘Tho ocond chapter s dovoted to “Antique Motliods of Twpression, und Their Tajlure." Though it can hardly be said to contaln anything now, this chanter is necessary to the wequenco of tho work, and i very interesting, o ‘I'ho {hird chuptor—+*Tho Koy to the Invention of Typography"—is dovotod to tho mysteries and icetiea of typo-founding, {u which onr au- thor's technical knowledgo, closo ubrorvation, aud luclaity of oxpreesion are conspicuously dis- lxhy:d, Ho disagrees with tha self-glontying den pozecssed by the syerage members of tho croft, that to the vrinter belong tho glory of tho i'lm precorvative,” and awasas it to lfm founder, 0 60y : tuougls 1t 1 clearly understood, by all persons who bavos practieal kuowledgo of the subject, that yractical typea csn be nade anly by casting, tuany popular books repeat the ol stury that the Brat typo- raphic books were priuted witl types which had beeu cut by haud out of would or metal” . Wheilier (bo ies chanica of the Middle Ages could kave donus what wodern wockanics caunot do,—cut typos with bodios of satisfaclory sccurscy,~uocd Bot now bo cansid- cred, The siories sbout hand-nude fyped,—about typed that wers mawed gut of wood-blocks,—sboat tyf-es that wore cus out of wooden rods, sud skowered togethive wil types that swere en uraveid o the enda of eiles of metsl,—vwill Lo cxat- ined at greater length o o advaneed page, Evin if theno doubtful mlorles weew verifled, b would rifll vo- main to bw proved that tho cut 1ypes had advantagen over lettors cograved ou woud, It would bo aificule o reanonn for fbelr introduction, Bouka com- 1 with cut types eanrld ot he neatly printer ; they ould ho inferior to good manwseripds i apprarance, but unt uferlor n price, Cut types vore an fmpracile cabln b the Infaucy of tho ard wi they aro now, Thern I8 o tristworthy evideuce tUat they wero ovor usd {or niy othier purpore than that of experimont, Every methud for snakiug tnerchantabie tsyes, aave bt of cadting, 8o fallure, Typography would’ Lo areat fufluro it It types not end by eelentifio meiloda Thin undoratiod, Vo ean_ ks thal (e most meritarious featura in {ho Invoution does nat Leloug to him wiho first thought of tho advantages of typrs, nar even to blin who fiest made tem by fmpracticabls methods, s bonorw are realiy dus to the nii to whosn ragacily wnd patlonee (n experiment wo are fu- dobted for tha type-mold, for ly wa the firét {0 uako typcu witdels conld boused with advantage, Tho fourth chapter iv devoted to *‘Fho Imago-T'riuts of the Fiftecnth Contnrv,” and the fifth to * Printed and Stenciled Playig- Cards s in both of which nro given intoresting ariays of facts, many of which will bu now to the ponoral reader, and all of them bearing upou the question of tho origiu of Vrinting, Mr. Do Vinno is nover dall or prosy, s statementa aro elear, coucidc, and to thu point ; whilo his conscioutions peinstaking in thn puse Ault of Imowledgo entitlos him Lo the full con- fidenco of hiw roaders. 1in this conuection, wo miny state that ot one tine he liad 200 or more pages of Lid book (n sterootype, when, receiving o hint of roniething ho hind overlooked, bia bo- a0 wveatigation it a uow dizection, doveloping acta bofore Liddon tn musty and out-ol-the-way records, and which naw o to form the beautiful and complote work ho is offering lus readors, He {4 performiug an inestimablo servica to tho causo of letters, ‘I'ho hook is alegantly printed on old-styls lajd paper, in keeplug with the subject of which it treate, and it coutrast with tho glossy papers of moet modern boolis, 1t in copiously iliutrated by tho phoo-eugraving process.—ono of {ha firsb muccessful appiications of the process to thio illstration of baolw,—pressnting numerons fac-sumiles of anciont printing. 1t will he not ouly indispensablo in the litrary of every thonghtful reador and bibfiophile, bul an orus- mont us well. FORTS SUMTER AND MOULTRIE, ResuNGscr: X SIYER AND MOULTAIE, 18 . Uy Assen Dovurivar, B General, U, 8. A, 2., pp Harper & Dirothers, Chicago: Co, F'rice, $1, No ovent thal ocenrred during tho lato War of tho Robeltfon o thrilled tho heart of our na- tion ny tha eelzure of Lort Sumter, at which tho firel ehiot wes fired that {nsugurated tho long and Dbloody ctrife botween tho Union and the Bouthern Confedoracy. Many vorsions of the stratugem by which the fort was wrested from tho hands of tho Liebels by Maj, Andesson, of the hardsbips of thelltle band that bravely hola the plzce for four months, and of {ta final bom- bardmont and surrouder, have been repeste ed to tho public; but wo lave now & dotailed and veracious account from one of tho leading setors in tho drama swhich will be read with lively interost, and may Lo nccepterd a4 trustworthy. It s written with immenso wpirit, sud, every now and then, tho sputks fly o tho autbor bits somo poiut in tho parration whero tho Rebels wera particularly aggreseive, or the Uniou men were weak and undecided. CGon. Doubleday is & mon of warm fmpolsce, 88 well a8 of prompt action and in- tenso loyalty; nad, when ho reviews tho conso of thomen on eitiersido who are responsivlo for the capture of LFort Sumtor, ho wpeaks in terms that aro forciblo, aud you ovidently im- partial, Although awarding Ma). Anderson fall praiso for tho merits which charaeterized him o 2 man and a soldier,Gien. Doubleday doos uot hesitate to show whero hig aympathies with tho Houtli and with tho fustitution of Slnvery constrained him to {nnction in many ivetuncen where nn exorcise of his lawful powers would havo dono good exe- cutlon in subduing tho spirit of tlo enemy, and Estaiuing tho authority of the Government. Tho final lcss of tho fort mugght bavo been avoud- cd, in the opinion of Gen, Uoubleday, had Maj, Andorson boen stirred by a duo degree of Indig- nation sgnivst the party which was resolved up- on the dismemberment of tha nation. Thoro nre soversl places (it tho nurrative whero tho interest Lecomes exciting 3 and this, whici describes tho evacnation of Fort Moultrio and tho oczupation of Fort Sumter, i3 worth extract- g, The event occurrod ou the ovening of tho 26th of Docomber, 1860 ; and, on the sunounce- mont of bis iutended manenvre, Maj. Anderson allowed ollicers nd men junt twenty minutos fu which to proparo for dopartire : I first weut to the barracks [writes General (then Captaiu) Doubleday), formed mny company, inspi:ted A1, st saw that eicit man veas properly. arined and equipped, This left me ten minniea to spare, 1 dasiied over to my quarters: told my wife 1o get ready {0 leavo fmmediately 3 and, as the fightiug woult probably comuienco in'a fow'minutes, 1 advised her to {ako relnga vith_sowe familica outkide, and ot b- Biud tha rand-bills a4 woon 18 possible, to avand the ehat, 8t hastily throw Lier wearinig-apparel into Lier truulen, aud 1 cslled {wo men to put her bugyage out- iy thin midn gats, 1 then sccompanicd her there, wud wo look 2 sl and Lusty feave of cach other, for uelther knew when or whero wo would mcot ugaln, A woon an tlls wan accompiished, T atzapped on my ruvolver, tlod a blanket acros auy sheulders, sod ro- porled 10 Maj. Anderion that my med were in readfe uexstomove, o . o o R We pawscd ont of tlio main_gates, and silently made our way for ubove u quatler ot a milo to o kLo here the husta viera biddon by an irregaiar pilo of rucks, which evigitally formed part of tio nca-wall, Titers A Dot a singlo Luman belug in eight £ wo marched 10 the rendezvous, and wo liad tlin cxtraordinary good luck to to wholly unobserved, Wo fonud weveral boats awalting n3, nnder charga of twa ongineer adl- cury,—Llculs, Knyder and Meade, They und heir crows wero croucied down belind to rocks (o escapu obsvrvation, Tu a low tono they pointed out to nio thio boats futended for my compauy, aud then pusned out rapldly o return fo tho forte, Nobicing that ono Of the gnard-boain was approschiug, they anado » wida clrcuit toavald i1, I Lopod thers woulid be time for my party to cross beforo tho steater could ovrhaul a3 Lut ag, smong my mon, tiere wore A numbier of wiukilled varsmen, wo made but slow yrog- recs, und it noon Lecame ‘evident. that we would 1 overtaken in_mid-chaunel, the twilight had deepencd, chuncy for us to esca) afar off, T took oif 1n; couceal’ the Luttuns, I a thelr coats, aud uso thein whilcli werg Iving alongn.do tho rowlocks, I hoped in inis way thit we might pass for u jarty of laborers ro- turmng to tho fort, “The paddlc-wheels stopied within & hundred yurds of us; but, 10 our great relief, aficr a slight acriitiuy, tho steamer ket un its way,” 1n the meanthine, our fien redoubled their offurts, and wesuol arrived at'our destination, Agwe ascendad tho steps of tho whart, crowds of workmes rushed out to meet us, munt of thiem weariug eecezston owblems, Oug or two tdon weu mmony then cheeral lusilly ; bus tho unnjority called out, angrily, * What are theeo saldiors duitig bero 1t ouco foruod my meu, charged bayouctn, drove the tumultious mass uatdo ho turt, ud reized the guardervom, which commanded the nuatn entrance, L then placed sentinels 1o prevent thw crowd trom encroaching o us, Aw soon an we bad divenibarked, (ho buais Wers scnt. back for Seymour’s compauy. ‘Uho Major Linded suon_sfter, Ju’ oo of tho cugiueer boate, which had vosnted along to avehl tho steamer, Neymour's men arrived fu nafely, fol- lowed soon after by the remaining dotachnients, which hadbeen I8t bxhind as u vear-guard, ‘The lutier, bwwevor, ran a good deab of riak, for, In’ the dark, it Jasid aliost anler tho bow of the kuard-oat, Niua, The wholo moveincot wad euccesstul beyoud our most wauguing wspectationy, sud - we wero bighly elated, ‘Tho follawing day [continues tha wriler] M), Ane duron, whio was & very ecliglans man, thought it beet foklve somw soleniufly to our occiipation at Fi Bumter, by formnlly raluing tho fag ot noon, wi prayer aud nflitury eercinonted, Tho band p *Tho Star-Spangled Nauter,” {ho troops present armw, ad our Ciisplain, the flav, Matihizn darris faroit upp s fervent wupgilicatiou, iuvaking tho bie of Heaven upon oue suall com repreacuted, Threu chisers wero the ting, sud the troops wese divmlssed, GERMANS IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. THE UERAAN ELENENT 1IN THE WAL OF ASIRRIOAN IxpErEXDENCE, Dy Gronor WASHINGTON G LL. D, Aullior of Tl Lifo of Maj.-Gen, Nuthaus fel Greene," ete,, cte, 12m0,, pp. 211, New York : turd & Hovghton, Price, $L00, A prolific and uscful outgrowth of (his Con- tennal year in {fho tifo of our country fs tho fresh and rovisod publicalion of tho’various loaves uud chapters cousthtnting tho history of tho American Coloniss and the Amorican Rovo- lution, Awmid the elirrivg ovents of tho past balf-century, wo hava boou sa busy making Lise tory that fow could stop sud read atieutively that which wak enacted by older Rouorationa ; heuco, although our political esistonca dates from tho coutest for our independeuce, and its mpmlnent incidents aro geverally familiar, its winor circumstances huve boon gesdudlly van- ishing from sizht in the soceding distance, to- gether with much of the Intoresting esperionco af the oarly colonists. Theso are now boing rovited sgain, and prosonted with large addi- tions of frosh factu, and in u strongor hight, by writors who are ublo to take sdvautage of the researches of schulars and erities in sho flold of American history, 1n Lis proface to the volumo before us, Dr. Greeno rolates an ancedoto that occurrod in an elegaut Parisisu salun in the tirst decade of tho ourrent contury : A company of authors and arilste wore discuseing the question aa to whiol vet Major- w381, New York: Tunsen, MeClirg & t0 caver up thelr muskety, evout iu wodorn Listory would furutels the best matorial for epic ponin. During the pro- langed and animated convorsstion that onsund, elonquont advocstes suetained the clalms to pre- rminenco of the Frouch Rovoiution and the Thirty Years' War; but finally all, with ono accord, acccpted tho decition that the war ln swhicl Ametica battlod for ber froodom was the nioat haroio of all. Whou forsigners find so much to arouse tho bighest emotions in tho narreation of our slow, hard eteuggle for Libarty, wo should feol that, 1n avery passage, Lhorais food fur profitable connidaration. ‘I'ho coutents of Dr. (ireona’s book comurisa aliotclien of tha Lravo soldicrs, Barou Von Steu- lion and Gen. Joln Dulalb, wio so generausly saninted the American leadors in their conduct of tha Ruvolution, together with an account of the German morconnries whoso lives wero solit by tholr sovereignn to bo spont in tho effort of Lngland to subiduo har reloflious dependeucies, “Tisu ehapters aro foundod ou the monographs of Dr. Fricdrich Kapp, who made pecial studies inthe histoty of tha Gormros in America, and o4peaially of those whiovo nataes uro distinnishe ed i the records of the Amcri Rovolulion, Dr. Gireenn Law delineated his wubjects in a forcivlo and picturedquo ntylo that will ougage tho interest of Lis readorw, PLUTARCH AS KNOWN TO SHAKSPEARE. BUALAPLATLS PLUTARCH : Brisn a TION FroM 1% LIVEN 13 NORTI'S PLUTATCR WILCH ILLEeTmATS Fataseriang’s Fraya, Faited, with n Preface, #, Judex of Nawes, aud Glovssrial Index, by thn Hev, WALEER W, BREATE, M, A, Fortuerly of Chiiat's College, Cambridze, 1100, tomlon: Mae- milian ' & Co, Cuicagos: 4 McClurg & Co, Price, I 1579, Sir Thomas North, second son of Lid- ward, Lord North, produced an Euglish trausla- ton of Plutarch's Livey. It was not mado from the Latin test, but froms Fronch version by Jacquan Amtot, Bisbop of Auxerce. Tho bools enjoyed o large popularity, sad now aditions waro issucd at iutervals until late fo tho even- toenth century, Tho work was, after thin, dis- placed by uower and superior ianalations, and- has now loug been out of piut, and goerally IorRotton, But a pecaliar {utorest attactics to Lbis anti quated versioa hecauss it was tho one from which Shakspears modo his etudies of Roman chamcter, From it ho oot only derived his conceptions of Julius Cicsar, Antony, Brutus, and othors of their countrymen whom lie brought upon Lie stago, but ho borrawed from it certain phrasiugy and turus of exuression, [ this day of active Bhnugenmnu criticlum, it fsappropriato that the book should bo revived for tho benefit of tho increasing class who feol o lively curiosity in all matters that pertain o tho life or works of the great dramatis:, The text of the present edition is hased upon that of 1612 and Las been collated with the edi- tion of 1G31,—tho variations betwoen the two bumg recorded in notcs. M. Shoals chosa to roproduco this edition chiofly Lecauso i I8 sup- posed, on excellent avidence, lo be the ono which Bbakspearo piincipally used. ‘The volumo includes tho livos of Coriolauug, Julius Cuwmar, Dratus, Autony, and Augustue, sud exiracts from tho liven of Thesous and Alcibiades. SERMONS FROM NATURE. THE BADDATH cf THE TikLDS: DrING A BLQUEL To Bruty-Tracuixua s Nareny,” By tho lier, Huan MACHILLAN, LLD., 8, E., Aullior uf 4 First Formn of Vegetation,” ete, 121na,, pp, 358, Londou: Blacmillau & Co, Chicsgo: Janeed, Ble- Clurg & Co, Price, 2, ‘Fhho muthor of this book of sermons is known in Fngland o8 au expert naturalist, an cloguent writer, and an earnest divivo in the Eatabliehed Church. Mis apirit is soimbued with tho love of Nature, and Lie is 50 vorsed in tho fscta of her Listory, that all e discourses, delivered from tho pulpit, or directly from the study, are full of illustrations taken from that wouderful bock whoso illuminated pagos £ro crowdod with pic- turcs and poemns whicih uever repeat thomaclyus, snd are over buyoud jmitation or deecription by wau, ‘Tho names of theso serutony~whick ara moro properly esthetival atndies—indicate tho profitic fancy of tho writer, s also the subjocty which are particularly treated. Hero are some of their titles : Fecding Among Lho Lilics ; Thoe Hoiru. web-Flub ; Cuckoo ; Neuter Flowers ; Liracts ; Tho Prophccies of the Fernn ; A ilarvest-Mira- cle; and The Fall of tue Lesf. In overy dis- sortation, the speaker, from iustinet oy well as priuciple, takes caro to 1ift thy thoughts of hiy carers rovercndy ** through Noturoe up to Na- ture’s God. A LIFE OF JESUS FOR THE YOUNG. Jesus or Nazanuon: s Live vou 7irx Youse. By Jorgrit P. Tiomrsox, D. D. Inatrated, 1imo, v 453, Boston; Jutdes . Osgood & Co, **The awoet atory of old,” that ham been told over and over ondlassly during tho past 1800 yeary, is hors ropeated afrosh, with tho graphic foree which charactorizes Dr. Lhompson's dolin- eations, The nareative fa intended for youug readers ranging 1n years from 12 to 20, and is in- vested with overy attraction that tho writor cau draw from his unusuelly rich resowcer, Dr, Thompson's familiarity with, Dible-lands enables lim to descrine Oriental scones nad tnanoors with the vividuess of an eye-witness ; nud thiy ndvantago, together with his intimate acquaint- anco with aacrod loro, plves to his portrale of .ll:aus wuch of the reality aud jmpressivencss of 1fo. BOOKS RECEIVED. Tre orN oF PLENTY o Hosu-Foidd ANp Houre Picrumv, With New 'ooms by Lotzea M. Arcort, Ming Mutoct, ele,, efe. Prefsco by Normm Ma and 100 Hlustration 0., pp. 160, Hostor Willlam F, Ol & go: Juuscn, McClu & Co, Pri A GoLpEN TUEARURES OF POETET, ROMAXCE, ARD ART, By Eminent Toetr, Noveliete, and Eswayiats, 1o lustrated, K. 1Mmo.. pp, 550 Boston: Wiiliam F. Qili & Co, Chicogo: Jansen, ticClurg & Co, D'rlce, £ Gub aNL TREIDLE: A REviEw or OWECTIONS To “IaTknATURE AND Dousas By Marriew AnyoLp, D, C. L., Formerly Profceair of Poulry i tho University of Oxford and Fellow of Uriel Collrgo. _16mo, X R, Osgood & Co. Laupsiby, LIsuaiy, Ko, 10, Rrnistoss OUT oF CHUNCH, iy Miss Muroci, Chicago: Donnelly, Loyd & Co. Price, 10 couta, PERIODICALS RECEIVED. Chivaga Medical Journal and Examiner, Published montbiy. Fditor, Williant 1t, Bsford, A, M,, A, D, Chicugo: W, B. Keen, Coaks & (0, Awmertcan Booxweiler for Jan, I (American News Come yany, Now York). Seienaijic tonthly Sor Decomlar (E. K. Fiteh, Tolado, O.)e Weatirn for January (Western Tublisiiug Assoctation, Ht, Loufs), Narinal irvor, No, 0 (Velparatso, Tndds FAMILIAR TALK. BARON STEUBEN AND HIS *REGULATIONS.” When Baron Von Bteubor: entercd npon the oftico of Inspector-Goneral of tha American army, {n 1777, he found no manusl of tactics sccepted as o gonoral standard, or, indecd, that wau adapted to thadrill of & maxs of undisci- pliued men, who muet bo placed 1 the shoriest posaiblo time i a condition to take the field, and do effectivo service with the gnu and bayo- not, Tho wholo milltary Uibliogrophy of the veriod, aa doscribod in » foot-noto in Groous's life of Bteubou, comprisod Dlaud (the newest odillou); an Essay ou tue Atb of Wars Iustruo tiona for Officers; e Yartivan; and a New Bystems of Military Discipline by & Qeneral Ofticer, publishod by R, Aitkin, printer aud booksollor, 1776, ** with an appendix containing uino soctions of *rules, maxims, oto.,' soma of the most brillinnt of which aro: * Nothing but prin- ciplo can conduct n wmau through lfe;' ‘Dad liabits are moro difficalt to correct thau provent ;' *The mind must be prepared beforoe it can ro- ceive” ote., ete.” A year of hard labor waa expended by Stenben in bringiug tho army under bis supecvision luto o tolorable stato of orgamzation, e began by drilliug singlo companies of raw rocrulty in tho clementary wark of bearing arms, marching, formiug in a column, deplosiug, ote. As soon ay they bad acquired a suitable degreo of piro- ficioncy in these siwple excreisey, thoy wero traloed in batlaliona aud regiments to oxccuto the grand maneuvros of tha army; and thuw tho slow work of making soldiors out of civiliang palutully progressed, ut oftieera neoded ine struction quito as wnecl ad the soldiers under thom, Every Colonel and_ nearly ovory Captain had a system of factica of “bia own, the ouly polut of agreoment appearing to bo that sll marchoed their men in Indian flo. In ordor to romedy this groat dofoct, aud securo s uniform routino of drill, Stouben resolved to prepure a manual of rogulstious that wboull be regarded 84 doliuito sutbority throughout the army. 1o 1779 o sot himself to tho task, aud, with tho assistanco uf veveral of Lis woat killed ofti- cers, soon comploted the volume long aftor kuown ny ¢ Stoubeu's Hogulations,” or the * Bluo Book,” Ha bad previously sueured tho sauction of Washiagton ; sud, when tho firsk part of his work was done, Congress resolved to accopt aod print it, But it proved a much euslor Job t0 vrito tho book than to got it pubs Jishiod.” ** Thora wera but two copperniato printe ers in Pliladelphia’ relstes Dr. wreono, from whom we havo tbe story, **and ouo of thew 8o bad that it waa found necesyary to throw awav above G0 prints, Only oue binder was omployed ; and, aithiengh n good one, the at- tractiona of privateering wero ko groat that neither he nor thn printer conld keep men enaugh togethor to do balf tho work thoy wera calind upon todo, Breuben was auxioun to have two copina nicely bouud, —ona for the Command- or-in-Chief, end oon for thn ¥rench Minioter ; but. iz tho wholo city, thero wad nob gold leaf enough to eild them, His temper fatled bim more thao onco; Lut, fortunately, the men lia bad chiefly to do with , , . adinired aud loved him” too much to lake offeuss at his Bollies,” Stenben wae capable f wcomplishing an im- measurable amouut of what Las beun called “ tall awearing.” nud his greatost sclueyomonts in lais linp ware - proba- Lly :performed an his biok wam 0 fuit through the pre~s. While engaged in drifl- fug or inapecting o regiment, wo satn from hin Liogeapher that * It took littleto move Steuben's wngor ; undue dalay, minplaced licwmitating, wero rure todoit, and out came A storm of onths, German first, then French, and thon both fudi- crously mingled ; and, when tho stock waa et hausted, turnng to his Aid, o would say, * My dear Walker, ar my dear Duponcean, comn and wwear for mo in Lnghiak 1 theso fellowe will not o what T bid them.' A emile would steal rilent- 15 over tho faces of tho men, aud the movemant Lo c?’rntutly studied until {t was nocurately exe cutod.” At fast, howaver, an edition of * Stoubon's Regulations™ was ready for distribution, sud topies were aent Lo tho Uovernora of States, und disporsed (hroughout the army. In lus eys- tom of tactics, Kleuben first introdnced nto the muilitary eervico tho une of light Infuntry. Tho Americans had learned from the Indians to fighy 1o looso bodiew, oach 1aan_ bandling bis muwket an bent suited himaelfl and tho momont. Stenbon porceivod tho rdvantage to tho main army of corps of nuch skirmishers, and mecordingly pro- sided them with o discipline of their own. Frederick of Germauy quickly adopted tho i provement in tho organization of his srwies, and oon atter tho lielt infantry hecame so fmportant armi of every military force in Eu- rope. JAPANESE CUSTOMS, The stranger in Japau, making hasty ozgerva- tioas, in tho conree of hia travel, npou the novel and eurpriving customs of a most peculiar peo- ple, might oanly jufer thut a low condition of morality existed' among them. Tho working clagdes, whon buey ot their Iabors, dispenso with ull superiluons apparel, and, in a balf-unde slate, aro recn in the tields, thoraughfarer, aud public places, withoul reproof or remark. In summor, the mats and serecun that iutercept tha air aro put agide in the housen, and the intorior in frecly open to tho view of the vutside world, Tho parser-by may inepact without resorve tho movements of family lifo there frankly expoeed. ‘With outiro indiferenco to thoe curious eyo that may regard them, tho wowmen go through the round of tueir various domestic dutics in full sight of the public. and nncovered to tho waigt. Theydo nol hesitate even to perform their ablutions and the operutions of tho teilet in tho precence, us it were, of the outer world, ‘Iho raen of the household who ara resting from their dil, within doois o8 we should sxy, inay ulgo be seen reclining at their ease in the matno conlition of undress. Yet thin habit of carcless nndity aud of uncon- eclous publicity does not procead trom a fax mo- rality. The human figure stripped of clothing sugzeats to tho Jupuueso no wore idea of im- modcety than doos tho umiressed animal, Mr, Mitford relates, in his *“Tales of Old Japau,” that, when informed that Europeans considered it indocent for men and women to wanh together, o Japanese gentleman observed, 1o reply, * Dut thedo Weatarns have such prusicul miuds,” “ilo might have added ulso," remarks Mr. Jarves, in repesting tle ancedote, **that, when thoy wero meaked, mon wnd women wete allowed in our bells to minglo freely together. scarcely moro clad s Fegards tho laiter sex than when ot their toilets, ond certainly with greater libidinons provocation.” 1t in ald that, when Japau way tirat open to Luropean iutercourse, tho beauti- ful wifo of a foreizn olMcial being present at nomo festival, n Japancse geuttetian of high rank aporoachiod ier, aud, ina spitit of pure ad- nuration, remarked, “[ow bandsome you nre! 1 should like to rco you naked!" Hut tho start. ling words wero ‘addressed to tho laay a3 they would Iavo Leen spoken of a marble statue, ‘Che costumne of Japaneso women of wealth and ranik in more chadio than that of their moro civilized sisters, It rovealsnothing of thaform; but, bomy varrow, and of lxml\'i' wmateriel, falls, with no clioging or swayiug folds, straight from tho ehoulders, When in fall dress, the ladios sro_wrapped iu_thick cuvelopes of wtiff, rich stufte, tbat mufilo the wholo figure. and ef- focsually conceal its contours. ‘This cumbrons and foiteriug costumo constrains the moves ments, and renders the gait awksward, obliterat- ing tho charm that comes froz o freo and grace- ful play of the limba. 1y those who bave had a familiaracquaintancs willh tho Japauese, iz 18 declarsd tiat their women are eminently chasto and decorous, not. withetanding the strangeness of romie of their nolions of propricty. But more couvineiug than oesertion regarding this mattor ato the efticint statistics, which give in oxest flgures the relation which woman lioldy to cr Japau. Tho author- ized report of 1872 etates that, at that date, 6,564 porsons wero contiued in prison. This 18 an average of only ono in 5,500 of the entiro pupulation. Furtiiennore, of this pumnber only 563 wero women. ** This poueity of crinnnals in thelr eex,” sayo Mr. Jarves, ** cannot be owiug to social restrictions which ehield them frow the usual temptations of nien; for they not only figure nungrously in tho ranka of thio Buddbist and Blinto sects In varions sacred ofilecs, there being nearty 500,000 of them thus cmployed, but, aut of' tha millions engaged in farmmg, nle most ono-half nre women, and, in trade, 489,400 aro onrolled, as against 819,782 men ; all which Bhows that women_can competo with mon in various avocations. Evidently Japan hss ad- vanced habits, if without abstract theories of women's rights, whilst mavaging to live with fewer malo criminals than we do, snd almost no femalo couviots.” OCEAN-CABLES, o Aany of our readers, whoso pursnits in lifo do not briug beforo them familiariy tho great end multiplying achiovemonts in the difforent do- partments of civil engineering that are taking place in all parts of tho world, will be snrprised to learn, from the following table, how mauy ocean-cables over 00 miles in length hiave thus far buen succeesfully ald, Tho data are taken fram tho Journal of Telegraph: Year bultt, Frou 1831, Irelund to Newfouudland, 107, Malta to Mesandris, Eaypi. Birewt to Dashury, Man,, vin b Tiurhire, Poratu, 10 Jask, Beloochistan Bit, Pleeto to Dushury. Hilez {0 Aden, Arabla, Aden to Jomhay, In Fortheurno, Euig., 1o Li Gibraltar to Mal Madran to Venan Biugapore to Lty Malta to Alezandria, Teugth of miles, 1as! 1870, Itatabauo, Cub, to Bautiago, Cib, Juva tu Anstrali; Ringapore to Coctin-Chiua. Salgon to Totg-Kong. Hog-Koug 0 Shutghal. ..o Shanghal 10 Japan, und Hhenes (o Siberia, Antigita to Demarars, West fudics. Torto Rico 10 Janiales sy v vn. s Falmouth, Englasd, o Lisbou.... Valentia 0 Nowfouridland.. w10 Denmark.... .. ta Para, iira. 1571, FEIAN s Fyit Lisbon 1o Stadeira. Valentia ta N Madeira toBt, Viucent.. &1, Vincent o il Jximatva to Colow, 8, A Weat Indies to Wo daniio, Jatasden o Porto Rico... Tita Janeiro to Kio Qranidy do Sul, 175, Iroland to ltyo Leach, . = Beeldos thovo, thoro aro 71 occan-cables less than 100 milas bong, sud 40 between 109 sud 00 miles long. THE EXCAVATIONS AT POMPEIL 1u thework of excavation steadily progressing at Pompeii, thero way recently uucovered s wories of wooden tablots containiug the uccounts of w banker pamod Lucius Lcciling Jocundus, "They wers inclosed In o wall woodon box which Lad been cousiderably eharred on tho outor sur- face, Tho leaves of the tablets aro thin uy pastoboard, and aro tied togatber iu sots of throes by & cord psesivg through holes fu thae edges. 'Thio outor Gagod, serving an covers, aro clean and smooth ; sud the funer ones aro coated with wax, and filled with accounts, which appear o bo maiuly, rocords of luans. Noar tho tablots was found s brouzo bust of tha bauker, Loaring his name. From 40 1o 60 mon aro_coutinually owployod in the cxcavations, under o subeidy fiom the Govornmeat 0,60 france. Up Lo dato, two-tifihy of tho srea of tho city Liad bean oxamived. GRASSHOPPERS AS BAIT FOR SARDINES. Tho bLait—cods’ roe—which horvtofora been principally used lu tho sarding-fshery, Las boon incrossing in cost, until, in tho lust scavon, mauy fishermen Lave beon unable to pay their exponsca on account of its high price. lmmense quantitioa of it aro sunually imported ioto Frauce frous Hollaud, Norwsy, aad North Amer+ ica;and edill the snppiyis nnequal to the do- mand, Varlous aubstilutes have baan tried, tho Inteat and beet of which ia r proparation af lo- custs or grasslioppars, forming s sort of pasto, Which, whon dricd, oxuctly resemblos cods’ roe. The inveution la dus to” Dr. Morvan, of Done arnnroy, who hse prooursd Lis new material from Algeria, and feenished tho fisheries on tho coasta of Brittany. with & nwmbor of barrels of tho maunfacturcd product. Is thoronot in this discovery the gorm of a now and profitable in- dustry for the inlabitants of tho_grasshopper- infeated regions of tho West? If it is worth whilo to export & bait of cods' roo to France, it slould Lo of doublo advantage to sond a part, or tho whole, of thn groat piagne of tho Plain dono up in that form. It is not imposaiblo that money aud the suppression of a ternblo pest lurk io tho idea. P SPARKS OF SCIENCE, A PAPUA, Wo havo from tiwo to time given notes of tho Yoyagn of explorativn to the Islaud of Naw Guiuea, which wan vndertakien last summer by Mr. William Macloay, of 8yduoy, but whigy was abandoned before Liuving sccomplishied any very valuablo reaulte, An abstract of the bhistory of tho expedition han now heon published in Na- {ure. from which we taka o faw iuterestiog par- ticulars, The voyaga from Port Jackaonm, tho point of departure, o Mabatty, near tho mouth of Katon Rliver, Now Guinea, occupied tho poriod between Nuv. 18 aud June 28, Beveral stops woro neda on tho way, tho longest of whiclh wora at the P'alm Tslands and at Capo Greonvillo, whern fivo and six dayd wera epontfu collecting, At ono of tho North Barnacd Isles, the party wers 80 fortunate as to obtain & malo and two femalo gpecimend ot a Ptiloris peculiar to the island, At Habatta, the party were welcomod by the hond men of the village, and invited to smoko with them the pipe of peace. The village com- prikes but eeven honees, yot in thesn abont 339 people aro accommodated. Eacl houso is 99 or 100) fect long, with an elevation of about G feet. The ends arc open ; alonyg the sides are ranged tho sloopiug plecos of ita fifty or more jomates ; nnd tho roof is made of a thick thatching. Wo bave ja this arraugement of . kavage Bocioty the principle of the Commune very woll carried out. ‘Tho inhabitants of Malatta are deecrived as *“powerful nod well made, jet black, with straight foreheads and Jowish nobes, the projecting jawe of the Australisn beiug absont. “The Lair i woolly. but grows in small tufts, which, when lung, form closo, comps®, ringlets; and it is uot uncommou_for the peapio, not hers only, tut at Warrior snd Daroley lslandy, ¢ cut off their hwr wheu thus grown iuto ringlota. and convort it 1uto a wig for thair own use. Tle men are qnite naked : yome be- iug marked bike tho Australians «ith scatms on tho shonlders ; &ll cuttiog the loben of their ears into fantastic shiapes, und piercing the nim all round, and ornamenting it with colored wool or fivre. They scem foud of oraments of birds' [;llhnm for the hesd, aud necklotd of peari- shell.” Ths women of tho tribe were kopt concealod from view, bat the fow ghmpses caught of them revezted the fact that thoy were no way beauti- ful. Tloy ara appurontly the servantd of tha men, sching uy ** bewers of wood and drawors of wator.” Their clothiog conmsta of s bit of an apron, with circlos of cassowary foatbers around the kuecs aod unkles,—n costume neatly mateh- ing in simplieity the spur and collar with which the savage Chief considered himself sumptuous- 1y attired. All attempts to penetrate the junglo around Mahatts proved ineffectual, and fallen palm trecw, Larniog the paseage, provonted the navie gation of the Katon Kiver bryond 8 or 9 miles rom ito miouth. As far as thin stream was ox- plored. its shures wero borderad by a lofty and dene forest. ‘'he polm and the mangrove wero the moet nbundant and conupicuons trces anud the growth., Leaving the shiores of New Guinea in August, on accpunt of adverao winds, tho ves- #el containing Mr. Mecleay and party touchod at several istanda in (ko vicioity. At Yule, somo days were passed iu exploring and collecting. 1t is hers that the euthueisstic Halian natural- int, Brgnor D'Albertis, is now established, for the purpovo of collecting objects of natural history, It is tho second = visit of the Signor o the Papusn lslands, and ho lzd been ~eome months we work ot the time of Mr, Macleay's visit. Yulo Island in ubout 6 milex loug, snd ira fortile and pictue- exquo body of laud. ‘Tho vatives. necordivg to Mr. Macleay's report, * are light-colorod, of me- dium sizo and sctive. Their bair is not woolly and is generully worn loug, beivg tied up in o chiginon behind. "Thoy do hot use tobzeco, but chow tho betoi-leaf, Thoy wear o very tight liclt, earryivg o small picceof cloth, Thoy sceut to bo tnud and inoficusive, greedy and thiey iuh.” ‘o women here, unliko thoso at Mabat- ta, seemed to bo tho rulors, and they were not at all ditident before strangers. Thoyoungoer ones aro quite good-looking, and all wear showy lo cloths and o good deal of tattooing. Tho “native villages aro gencrally built upon slaping ground, and the bouses aro ueatly kept. Every villago contaie & bouse sot apart for the ception or guests, Tho people practice eome ciilized arts,—naying cousmderatlo astention to crokery, mavufscturing pottary, cloths, and neta of axcellont quality. The residence of Signor D'Albertis is situated at tho uorthwest poiat of thoe 1aland, on the nc- vity of a bLill sbout 100 fost sbova tho wator, Nowa lator thau that furnished by 3lr., Macleay informs us that Signor D'Albertis has eccured friendly relations with the islauders, ana has learned to suenk their language. He finda the fauna and flora on the coast of Yule bearing o cousiderable likenors to those of North Ause tralia 3 but inland, on the mountains, the Papu- nu vegetation predominates. Ho has obtained n perfoct specimen of Lis new bird of Varadise, J'aradisia_raggiana, sud w socond specimen of tho ground-troe kangarao, Dorcopis luctnosa. Mr. Dacleay loft tho feland Sept, 2, and sailed directly for Capo York, and thus tormninated his oifort to oxploro New Guinos. It i eaid that three of his party hiave undortakon an fudepeud- cnt oxpedition to Now Guiuoa, which, 8ays Nature, *‘though so much moro unassumiiig than the ono abovo deseribed, may, on that ac- count, Liave & greator chauco of success.” PUTREFACTION INEGGS.! 1o the Aunnales des Seiences Naturelles, Dr., U, Gayon bas a paper in which ho preseuts tho con- clusions at which o hae nrrived In studying the phienomena attonding tho process of putrofac- tlon in oggs. It bas beon assorted by Douno that, if cggs are not shaken, thoy will koop good; but, if thoy are jarred, thoy will spoil in leaw thau n month, Henlso has doclared that no organisms ever eccur within au egg, uo mat- ter how advanced oy boits decay, Dr. Gayon's iuventigations contradict both assertions. As to tho latter, eeveral ovganisme woru discovered by him in uddicd egge, the more common of which ara Bacterium fermo, Joruto, and an Aspergillus, Contrary to tho opinion generally entertained, Dr. Giayon boliovea that tho gerins of theso or- ganisws do ot enter tho exy: through tho pores of the siell, but aro present at s formation, Tl suino organisms found in the egg ho also diseaverad in the oviduct and cloaca of eovornl hens, They also proved to bo moro abundact in fertilized than iu sterile egge. On nsing an in- Jection containiug nuwmerous Bacleria, thoy woro moroe plentiful iu tho cega that followed, Theso abaervatious offcr an oxplanation of ths pres- onco of foreign bodios in e wuch as inseels, small stones, sceds, ote., which Lave sometimey Lieen known to oceur, Intho egg of o ben that Liad fod npon the refuss of s hunery Dr, Gayon found germs of aleoholie yoast. Dy s careful wories of experiments, he demonstrated to his awn eatiifaction that the jarring or shakiug of An egy has vo offect in inducivg its decsy. Ho also atlirms that molds Liavo no intluencoe in cauxe g their putrefaction, He rather consulen it probablo that this depends ina great degreo uron tho nature of the food takon by the bea, "Ihin hypothesis furnishes useful hinty for poul- tevers, THE PELEW ISLANDS. y, During sovoral ycars past, Dr. Otto Finach, of Breman, lias been workivg up thoe ornltholo- gy of the Pelow Islands; oud, iu a late numbor of tha Journal des Muscuns Godsgfroy, be gives the completo rosulie of his labors, Tho Lelow group includes about twouly ialsuds tying 1u the North Pacitio Ocean, somo 450 miles from the Philippino Jelands. Tho lavgest of tho group, Babolthouap inland, is 23 milos long by 14 wide. Iho neenery of tho islands {s diversified, tho woil iy ferhilo, and the productions tropicsl 1 charactor. ‘'ho ivliabilants mo of the Malsy ce, and number about 10,000, The group wux ovorad, 14 1 supposed, by tho Bpaviards in 1545, but, until Intely, it bas been alinost entire- Iy unkuown to the naturshst. Through the ou- turpriso of tho louse of Ciodettroy callectors bave transmittod to Luropo, during the lass two yeers, full suitos of spocimons of its patural pro- ductions, 'I'he whoto numbor of spscies of birde thug far procurod is fitey-uix, twelve of which are yo- culiar to the group. 'L'lie most remarkabls facts connected with tho ovifauus of thoss Islsnda iy 1he antiro absoueo of parrols and foches, and tho ocourronve of suo Jungle-fowl (Ualus bane Ftra) In o wild stato, It {a this spocles which: (s Roncratly rocognizad as the orlginal of our do meatic fowl, Another notawarthy circumstanco 18 tho presonon horo of the Nicobm pigeon (Calxnas Nicoparica), % A NEVW SPECIES OF WHALE, Tho dircovery uf o now species of Ziphiotd whales fo announced in Nafure, A shoal of twenty-cight atrango cotacoans was stranded on one of tho Chatham Islands; but the beads onty of threo individnals wore obtained. As far as could bo nscertainod from a study of theso mombers, tho epocios fa noarly allied to tho gonms Mese oplodan, “Lut differs from tho known spacioa in the posscesion of n tow of small, poiuted, conical, recursad teath. shont twenty in number, in the bLinder part of tha jaw, in addition to tho usnal singla largo tootls, placed noar tho middlo of tha ramus of tho mandible. This is a vary interast- ing circumstance, as connocting tho pecallar deutitiou of tho ziphioida with that of the ordi~ sary dolphing," The cotacon of this group have heou lierotolors seen only in pairs or. molitars, and the fact that thu{ do” assomblo in shoals Is a novel ano in their bistory. An accotot of the now spocies Las heen ool to the London Zoologe ical Socioty by Dr. Juliug Vou 1laast, of Canter. bury, New Zealand. SIBERIAN EXPLORATION. . Prof. Nordcnakiold, who conduoted tho racont Bwedish oxpedition through the Arctic Soas Lo tbo Yenesel, returning thenca to Ht, Iatorsburg acrosd tho country, i a Finlander of Ituesian extraction, but has been 8 Swedo by naturaliza- tion siuco 1859, Ho is tha fourth Scandinavian explorer who haa sttemptled, in the present cens tury, to open o water-rants betwaen Scandinavia and Siberia, Tho three oxpeditions, undertaken regpectively fn 1806, 1832, and 1862, fail ed of thoir objact. Tho discovory of o uorthwestorn mavigablo pmssago to tho Yonesei i4 of great importance 10 Ruswmwn commneco, and fo tho futuro of Siborin, whick it brings {nto contact with Luro- poan vividization. Thopchento of another ospe- dition, uuder the direction of Prof. Nordon- vkiold, In wlready projected in liusain, and 25,000 roubles bavo bocn advanced towards ity cost by & mngla capitalist. ‘Tho special aim of this new enterprisn 19 to invesugato thio charace ter of Bebiriug's Bea and other walers contigs uouy to Russin, aud to detormine how far a line of trade-committnication may bo a-&iblisknd bo~ tween them. Tuo expedition wili enter upon ite work tho coming summer. MATS IN THE SOMERSETSHIRE FLOSD. Daring the recent beevy foady, that laid uae der water an arca of lund in Somersatebire 42 mileg across, tho raty ware driven from their haunts ju vast nambas, Bome of them found rofuge in tha troes, and others took possession of deserted houses, One inwtance fu recorded whore a laborer had occasion to vieit his cottage 10 coxce kome proporty left betnd. Ho moorsd his boat to tho chamber-window, aad war sbout | ta enter, when bo fouud the roow fllod with n swarm of rate, which wero o ravenous sith Lunger that they woro hke o pack of walvos, “Yheir savage dewonstrations compolled tho man t0 beat o basty retreat, (o savo himself from be- ing eston alive, THE “ AMERICAN NATURALIST." ‘Tho Amierican Naturalist haa passed into tho hands of H. O. Houghton & Co., Boston, aud will bereaftor bo published by thom, and edited Ly A. B. Packsrd, Jr,, with tho aesistance of eciontitle men, Tho mzo of tho magazino swall be considerably enlsried, and several new and important departwents added. It will also be reudered more popular in character, so a8 to iu- terest the goneral reador and the young studens . of science. Tho Nafuralist bag won mauy stanch friends during 18 past mto years, and thewr number will undoubtedly bo isrzefy in- creased by the improvements taking placa in ite several features, ¢ THE “SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY.” Tho ueat appearzued and enterprising air of tho Seicntific Monthly, a magazine devoted to tho Natural Sclcuces, and pablished 1n Tolodo, dosorvo favorablo notice, Lach number of tho work, tho prospectus tells iy, will contain about 4% pages of original nud selected mattor, contributed by tho ahlest writers an Hclonco in oar country. Lvery attompt to dissominate o knowledgo of Natural Ristory among tho peoplo shonld moct with encouragement, and W sin- corely hapo tho Neientific Monthly will labor ef- fl.‘:n\'clg in the causy and enjoy tho succeas cearued by ity efforte, —_— A HORATIAN LYRIC. O blewt in he, from business free, Like thiw merey men of old, Whio tla i laud with his own stout hand, And kuows uat the lust of gold, No satlar hie on stormy sen, Nu wollier, trumpet-etirred ¢ And ho siauns the tow aud the haughty frown n Of the courtiers’ fawning herds Dut Lo bids the vine with Ler teadrita twine Around the poplar tall; 3 And be auds 2 fraft, with » gardeger's cratt, To tho trew that climbe hly watly . Or a grazier koen, Ie neon iy oxci fred § Or he whieara hin o5, of o brows a stock: Of Lis Fustic hectar mead, And wien antiumn at length, n his manly strengthy E3# raised his frait-crowned Lea e plucks the pear with §ts avor rare, And the grape with ity clusters el on tho pastires green ey With hie kneo on tha fod hio thanks bis God For His mercics and favors free; A hie Lays hit alcug whfie o lists tho rong Of i thrush fu the old vak tree; While the waters glide with the rippling tide, And the zephsw oftly ereen Oer the quiveriug leaves, ‘midet Wie murmuring (r o Aud Tulf o sense o slivp, 1 But wheu thundering Jove fron: his stores sbova Heds wintry snows and ratu, Aud rock and word, snd fakd and flood, Lay bound {u bis icy cusus, With many s hound, {1 tho woods around, 11 Lunta the grizely boar; At ero daylight fado his gleaming blsde 1s req with the wouster's gure, When tho sug has et ho apreada his nsty And the partridie, Huttering, dies Ho taken tho bure 1 i craily snace, Aud tho crane, & goodly prize, 341 Joga ko tieso what lls can teaso Whio could reino niber i e foels 5o wrong, and o Laighs at the thzong UI tho carvs that ywell lov's tralng 1 8 fovlug wifi—best aaff of life— Tie Lus, Bildren il ar, Thye fire sl it its ruddy light i bomeward step to cliccr, At thie cattape-door, ken Lis toll Is o'er, e st ands with liee snilo o sweet, And holda up ber Tace with a tuodest gracey . s welcoius kiss to weet, And children gl1d awarm round tucle 33d, Bt tho bu; mats et dioe ; 5o slun apreads tie cioth aud Lo sups his brot, Watio xlie pours ont bier homo-made wine, ~Ligchwee da Magu ——— Astounding Divcoverys San Franefaco Poit, ‘The many late avpatling diasters (o ateame #hips, with loss of hify, are uow attracting mucha! attoution. A romedy is wanted to provent theul. ¢ Thers iy o remedy, which should be kuown throughout tho laud. Smce tho commencemont of stearnship navigation on tho<cean in nearly every dinaster whore thors was loss of lifo the vessol hiad au odd letter in its name, and whoo- over seven letters woro used the dieaster seema to have been most unusually dire aod appalling. The fate of the I'resilent, the Princaton, snd of tho two last Pacifies (ono of tha Collins line and the other on this consi) attest this. Now, bencos forth, lut all stoamebip builders and owuors bo cautious how thoy name thetr vessels bofore Isunching them on tho doop. If thoy are wiso they will sulect the numbor of letters of somu steawslup that Lus beew woin out iu tho good cause of usvigating tho old, mai ocean, and when they have selected u good one let them coutinuo it {n onder that there way uever bo suy wore sickening disastors sud losd of lifo and Property Lo recor S Maternnl Lo Pond du Lao (i) Convoniccalth, A cow iotho town of Eden, the mothorof & Laadsonie calf, was crossiug tho rallrosd s few days sivco, Bho bad clearcd the last rail when the passeuger train sppeared, Tho svimal Lastened towards tho fence, Looking back, sho gaw hor offapring standivg on the track. With » frightened look xhe taudu & pitcous bing usclesd sppual to thefuatish little cresture to foliow Ler. Ou cawme tho train, and still stood tho calf, by this time facing the train. ‘Lho engincer tried to scaro the httlo fool sway by making th3 whistle screaw, but he wouldn't scare. Whenj tho train was withiu 10 roda of tho cslf the cow wada a rash for ber silly child, caugué bim ear ber hurny, and bore biw awAy iu safutys