Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 1, 1876, Page 14

suingly active . ar, ‘Tho quan- * “ wen handled by tho Daring 1874 the 4 materially damaged e ‘ *amperanco quostiou, ~orially affect tho vole wut tho paralyzing influ- oa ovor tho country do- “ao of dvereasing tho valuo jto wales nearly 10 per cent pared with tho figures of 1 Tho business during 1875 fs vory notice. ablo for the increased quantity of imported liquora which pass thiouga the hands of our city jobbers; the trado in this direction having tucreasod fully 15 per cent wuco 1374, Kentucky mhivi:toy and wines araeach Buccocding year aleo Snding an increased market here, Prices ave, Unoughout the greater portion of tho year, ranged higher than in 1874, from tho fact (as stated in auothor column) that an additional Government tax was impoed upon tuo dis- tillera carly in the year, ‘Tho wholosalo trade isoperatod upon a capital of nearly 0,000, > and the valtto of the annual sales for 1875 was in excess of $17,000,000. ‘Tha value of tho total wales in 1974 was astimated at $10,000,000, ‘Tho shipping trade for the year hoa boon unusually largo. i TOTAL WHOLESALE SALES. GNAND AGGREGATE, ‘The total sales sbovo reportod under the Lead of “wholesale,” including estimates in a few tages where wo could not obtain close figures from tho trade, foot up o grand total of @293,900,000, against 273,470,000 in 1874, ‘This whowa an inéraaeo of 74 por cent in tho monoy actually received, whilo the volume of goods handled to produce this re- sult wae not far from 20 per cont greater than tbat of tho preceding year, This exhibit ia o pratifying one, especially when gauged against tue complaints mace by so mang that trade. was dull, It te stilt more satisfactory if wo remom- ber that most other citics in the Union appear to havo takon 9 aoe backward, rather than for- ward; aud thera is probably not ono that can show go great o percantage of gain, ‘THE CAPITAL ENPLOYED In the conduct of tho above bueiness fa about 163,200,000, or 2134 por cont of the Bales, againat 53,000,000 in 1874, ‘Thia does not include the capital invested In other places, ag New York and tho lumber regions, in connection with businces in this city. ee MANUFACTURES, The manufacturing intorests of the city, though vot yet recovered fully from tho offecte of the panic, exhibit a general steady growth, which ju far more promising for tho future thay tho spoamodic activity in many dopartments that followed the great firo, Noarly all do- partments show an incroaue in activity and pro- duction, and nearly ol! the oxcoptions aro duo to tho operation of cauues which have s{fucted other places at least oqually with Chicago. If tho busiuesy of hog-packiug bas dragged hero, it has fallon off even more at Cincinnatl, Bt. Louis, Milwaukeo, and other polnts, tho hogs not being ready tocomoin Ouriron manufac- tures aro not yot working to thoir full capacity, bnt they have kept full paco with tho growth ot the country, snd indicate au era of returning prowperity, though wo way not oxporicnce the levoriuh oxcitemonts duo to the Inst War, aud the wpirit of speculation which awopt over tho land in the wako of tho destroying angel, ‘Thoro has boon oo genoral roduction in wages, such ag was recordod for 1874, and the working tlasuos have been moro fully omployed, though there are still too many among us who Lave not foand full ewployment. ‘The continuous im- provements in machinery for tho waving of man- nal labor havo boon rather sevoroly felt by tho working classes in ono or two dopartmonts, but bu the whole the domand for goods haa more than focreasod with the facilitics of manufacture, The mavofacturing Industries of Chicago aro. yo many wud ey, varied, that tho ground cao waicely bo covered completely iu statistical way, The following summary ix, howevor, not far from completa cuouzh to enablo tho reader to form a pretty cloxe idea of the magnitude of bur businews, aud to ascertain ity growth in tho principal departments by comparison with our Ggures of former years. eet PORK AND BEEF PACKING. CHICAUO LEADS THE WobLD In this departwwent of manufactunug industry, pnd baw doue wo sluce fourteon years syo, Shon who distanced Cinolonati by cattiug up oom 2 var pe a dor 974, sop ‘3 . . aty 1,059,- . 1,690,318 » bris pork, . The pro- rfulty atimu- tomand. ‘Thoy roportion thia co in the inane ot our barreled anand for lard is ‘ customers for : to pork is largely , but a great doal ainoked into bacon, alty had grown tlrod MATION, toximation to the num- - othor atatiatica of tho go statemont for the cal~ posuible, n¥.tho Ist of sing soagon ine halves : a 531,510 519,187 934,488 2,054,523 2,065,000 , ete 3,203,000 ‘otal woight of tho hogs packed In 1875 was tons. ‘Ihe value was about 535,180,000, f product, iucluding ealt and packages, 420,000, af year, SUMMER PACKING, Tho above figures exow that mero than one- quarter of tho entire work of tho yoar was per- tormed in other than the winter months. ‘Lhe practica of “aummor packing” isa growth of the past three or four yeara, aud promizos ta be much more oxtensive in 1876 than avor before. ‘Ywo or threo of our Jargost packers bavo made arrangements to continue work all through the yeur, besides thugo who havo dona so heretofore, and it ia probablo that ere many yeara havo clapsed tho busineas will bo ‘early oqually distributed over all tho months, except those of tho hottest weather, Summor-cured meats are pow pre- ferred by many European buyers to those cut during tho winter. ‘Tho offect of thta change will ba to oqualize the market for hors and prod- uct, and it wil probably prevent thosa oxces- sive fluctuations iu prices which have bitherto Leen aunual features of the provision trade. BELE-PACKING. ; Althongh tho demand for beet prodict has beon oxccaiingly good thronghout tho yoar, tho season Bax not boon a protitable aua to tho regu- lar packora, who deal almost exclusively with through (Toxan) cattlo, ‘Tho oxiating high freight tariff from tho West to this point is tho chief cause of detrimont to our packora. The above will scarcely apply ta those firms who pack throughout tho yoar, ay thoy do not Alaughtor on thoir own account, pur perehaee from tho Icading wholesale markets of the city whntover ntuck inay bo loft unsold at tho close of tho daily business. In this way the packers aro cuabled to purchase the beef ats hoavy dise count on the regular markot price, and ut tho samo timo procure as primo a quality of ment 3 they could wero thoy to conuect tho business of slaughtering with that of packing. Thero ore four firms in the regular business, two of whom pack only during the regular pork-packing soa- won, About 69,200 head of cattla bave been packed dunng the ar, the sclhog value of which waa 2,025,200, and of tho product, including alt and packages, fully $2,793,200, ‘Tbe work employed about 210 pairs of bonds. Pricea bsyo rated un- usually steady, 2a compared with previous years. ‘ho ‘averago prico for Toxzana bas ranged considerably bighor than in 1874, whilo native cattle havo ayoraged much lower. Tho beof packed at this point finds a large marketin tho Northorn jamber regions, ond Isko marlnors aro fitted out almost oxcluelvely fiom thia port with walt provisious. ‘The products of our beef-packera aro also largely oxported. Tho following is a summary of the packing business: 5, 1874. 2,060,600 40,000 ‘Tuo falling off in wages iy duo to tho fact that tho packing-bouses havo Leen idlo a part of the tine autiag tho peg two montha for want of hogs. ‘We por diem paid is about the same as in IH74. : —— IRON AND STEEL, ., A doop nEconD. Chicago bas attained great prominence aa an iron and steel mannfactutlog centro, and enr- priso tbo poopla of other places, whoro thia brauch of industry was establishod much earlior than hore, ‘Till within a fow yoars, Naw York, Philadetpbla, and other Eastern citica had prin- eipally auppiicd the continental market with thoir iron aud stool products, aud dictatod prica lists accordingly. All this {a now changod, The suporlority of our mechanical appliances, the experienced skill of our workmon, aud the reasonablo cout of our Iabor, havo proven con- clusive arguments in favor of the Wost, Of late years the demand for alee! lias booomo # racog~ nizod nocoesity. The difforont railroad comps: nica of tho country, appreciating the superiority of stocl-raila over iron oncu, havo each scayon one their ropalring, and mado their extensions, with rails of Hossemor ateel, and it fv presumed. that only a fow years will elapse before tho Inet fron-tall will have digapposred trom all our Priucipal railroads, : INCHEASED ACTIVITY. ‘Tho manufacturers of trou have beon quite active the paat year, tho jucrease {u annual pro- duction bo! neo por cout vinco 1874, as calculated in dollars aud cents, ‘Tbe floor branchos of tho trado bayo been largoly stimulated by a steadily ineraneing Wostorn demand, and, aa tho surplus oro mined in 1473 has gradually beou worked off, iL may reasovahly Lo presumed that tho iron markut of 1876 will rule moro eteady aud tho to- tal annual gales exhinita much larger increaso than ia wtiowa at the present writiug. With fow exceptiond all tho branched show # slight io- cieaco in annual products, aud the numbor of workmen employed is 1” ver cont jorger (han tn 1874, Jhe capitat involved shows a wmell increas over thatot last season. ‘Tho cout of labor is nearly tho samo ax shown in ‘Tuy ‘Turpune's laat anunal roview, although In sov~ eral departments it bas boon » shado botter. Chicago haa now. TMREX HOLLING-MILLS, Including tho ono at Joliet, which ia conducted by Chicago capital. ‘The production of steel sutls cbows Gu tncrenes of about GIZ per cont, the tgures being 80,000 tous againet 75,000 ia 1474, and = 160,000) in 1873, The ane ruel pay-roll of the mills foots in round numbers to 82,700,000, this sum : 8 e URDAY, JANUARY 1, 4876—TWELVE PAGES. faa SESS f eal 1. Froduet, 14,569,090 nal ea LewOTKR. band 1 work VW mach : oy mamntt Bary eo G sanzed: af Saw Rewe on 6 accllaneous om 730,000 | fron at 48,000 Range and furnacedo, 5 74 TON WOrKS.sooeeeeeee 10 Stcam-engine works... 19 Printing-prese works... 4 Baw Works..tsee 2 Fy 000 Beale works, 1 Horae-thoo 1 400,000, ‘Wiro manufactories... 15 240,000 Total... +173 $14,955,000 9,625 $29,615,000 otal for 1874.,...159 "14,264,600 9,244 25,727,200 ‘Tho aggregato auonal wages pald in $5,650,837, against $5,311,520 in 1874, aud $7,294,630 in 1873, Of theso 178 establlshmente, only twonty- six woro in oxistonce previous to 1860, —— IRON AND WOOD COMBINED, AN INGHEASE OF 28 PER CENT hag occurred in tha aggrogate valuoof manu- factures in this department, and tho list of tho yeor, ja 10 porcent greator than in 1874. This larga’ incroaso jo tho numbor of establishmonta dovotod to tho trade denotes a decida@liy health- ful and vigorons growth. ‘The demoralizing effocts of the late panic and the great fire havo about’ disappearod. This fact is moro fully shown by tho departmouts undor notice than by any other branch of industry. ‘hoy do- pend but little upon the local demand, but receive tho bilk of thoir trade from tho Wostorn States and Territories, tho far-Weatorn sales nearly doubling cach succooding yenr. Although the gront fro of 1871 destroyed 9 majority of tho work-shops devoted to tho manufacturo of agricultural im- plomonts, tho business hag recovored rapidly in solid capitsl, as well aa in annual produc. tion. Tho cain roported in tho agricultural do- artinent of the trado is in annual products Fay 40 per cont, and nearly 8 per cont in tho capital employed. Avour 20,000 nEAPEnS have been turned out of tho factories tho past year, which numbor {8 831% por cont sieater than hos ever been previously mannfactured horo in ono season. ‘bho manufacture of _ plows and less complicated farm implomonts algo show 6 heavy in- crease, over 50,00 plows haying been turned out, againat 24,000 in 1874. The majority of these, togathor with nbout 75,000 pieces of minor {arm tools, havo found purchaaors throughont tho Western States, and aru gold avon eo far weat as Idaho, Montana, nod Dakota, in which section of the country thoy aro concodad to bo tho most durable in the market. ‘Tho foreign trado in agricultural implomonts is slowly an tito increase, aud Chicago manufacturers control tho bulk of this portion of the business, About 3,000 hoavy farm-wagous havo beon built, agaluat 2,300 in 1874, “Lhe number of carriages made is roported at 900, an {ncrosaa of nearly 30 por cont over tha provious acason. . CAR AND RIDGE MANUFACTURERG reporta wmall decroneo in tho total volumo of business, as mensured in dollars aud conte, the falling off betng attributed to the prico of ma- terial, which hag ruled o shade lower, and, conssquently, tho rolling price bas beon correspondingly low, Tho quan- tity of matorial turned out, fhowevor, is about thoasmo as was manufactured in tho previous yoar; fifty streot-care, sixtcon pas- genger coaches, 120 box-cara, and 100 flat cars is tho result of the yorr's work. Most of tho West Bide, and many of tho South Sido, strect-cara aro monufactured in Chicago, ‘Iho bridgo- worka of tha city have not as yet becomo firmly enough eatabliahod to command a very heavy trade, but thoy are favorably known iu tho East, and havo filled contracts” for large quan- tities of work in nearly all wections of the coun- try. Tho contrasts for constrioting now bridges ot Randolph, and Badizon wtrocts woro lot to Chicago manufacturers, Hoisting apparatus works show s decrease of T per cent, owing to tho compotition of Kaxtorn manufacturers, and tho fact that thore ia a large quantity of tuls class of commodity which waa manufactured in 1873 now floating upon the market. Tho prico of labor during the past year haa ruled about the camo as iu J874. If tho exact figures could be obtained it would prabably bo found to have boon a whado lower. ‘I'na follow- ing ia a : suMsanYs Iron and wood com- Work. bined, No, Gapital, era, Product, Wagou and ‘carriaga tanyfactoried, ...60 $1,500,000 1,413 § 2,197,600 Agricultural implo- ment © 6,000,000 1,427 11,900,000 5 1,300,000 392 500,000 work 4 182,000 474 575,000 Flreapperatusw'rks 3 5u0,000 269 500,000 tspringebod works,, 1 600,000 “69 350,000 Total sesrereseotT $1,980,000 3,854 $15,912,800 Total for 16742'70 “¥.eG5,000 Byv16 12,348,000 Tho agerogate annual wages paid Is $2,512,139 agulnat %2,050,0U0 in 1874, and $3,386,000 in 1873, OF theso seventy-seven’ ostablishments, only twonty-ix ware In existence pravions to 2860, ——— MANUFACTURES OF WOOD, A GAIN OF 11 PER CENT. ‘This department has, ag usual, boen quite ac- tive, although tho locul domaud has boon fully 10 percent loss than in 1874, ‘Lho value of tho total production of 1875is 11 per cont greater than that of tho previous yoar, and moro than double that of 1870, Although the lumber trado of tho entire country ia at preacat in a compara~ tively sluggish condition, owing ovidoatly to ovor-production, the lumbormen of tho Weat do not acom disposed to decrease tho manofacturo. ‘The increago in the annual production of plauing-mills is 21 por cont. Fully 80 per cont of the work performod by the planing-mills situated in tho northwestern wuburba of the city ise beon done in the filliag of country orders, tho North Bido mills revolving tho bulk of tho local trade. As was the case in 1474, lumber-doalers have boon materially beno- tited by tho ruling of extremly LOW LAKE FRELUHTS, which stimulated consumption by reducing tho cout, ‘The adoption of thu nicasure to make the. tro-limits co-extonsive with tho city boundarios te the immediate cause of the decronved local domand, ‘The falling off, howovor, is not so large ad might have been expected upon the adoption of tho fire-ordiuauce, and the smalincay of the decroase if owing to tho fact that tho majority of those who have erected builuings during =the paxt year have used a4 fow bricks ay was possi- ble withont violating the ordinance, Aw tno ox- tent of boilding bag been quite largo, lumber hay found ite usual animated duinend, tho roster falling off beiug exporlenced in the aula of shingles and clapbosrdiug, and siding mas terial, which are now little used, oxcopt for repairing. Victure-frame manufacturers have wlixhtly increased the valuo of thelr aunual product, which is = sure indication that the country jg reviving from the “herd times” that have #o long existed, Furniture manu- facturea bavo increased, although manu- factures in tho fluor branches of tho trade ro- port a wmali falling off, chietly because ‘iet | many furniture mannfacturers havo cparated Noir lusinees oxclugivaly npon a cash hasie, fa policy han obiizod sual furniture retailers ufttall their moro oxpanalve rocks of gooda, carry nothing but tho commonor wares, ‘oar and wooden waro manufactures have “ increnaad. Chair manufectories report £ ihporeent. Oreang have gained 19 ‘and our piano manufactures ara etoad> ‘6 ascrease, tha trade in the latter tnatris ing latguly Weetera. ‘The following ta a AUST, Work atacturce, No, Product, autiis, 2 3 1 $19,785,400 ve SU 83,500,00 fomanut ries . 85 2,730,000 ACRE frame manufac: sevnesseees 13 850,00 arator manuf ‘riv TUK stand mokling sufactoriodse.s sss 15,000 Jig-box man(tied 15 220,003 A inanufactorte 701 1 1 pepail 5,000 3,000 ater au 290,000 218,000, nanufactort apo moliing do,, hingle manufactor 65,000 custorn iianufastors 40,000 Chatr manufactories. 90,090 Btalr manufactories 20,000 Pano mantifactorie ryan manufactoric Pump manufactorica Cigar-hoe manuf'r ¢ ze, Tho ngeregate antual wages pald (a $5,790,660 peninst $5,577,830 fn 1874, and $6,004,400 tn 1873, . OTHER METALS THAN IRON. AMANRED IMPROVEMEST, This branch of manufacturo fu closely iden- tified with tuo earlicet history of our city, and throughotit the Wost fa. tho oldost and most firmly catablished, ‘Tho diflculty which tho Erase foundries labored under in 1874 has now in great meaauro worn itself away,—that of ovor- production, caused by thoGreat lire, Although thero has during tha paat year boon large quan- titioa of surplus metal upon the market, tho sell. ing prices Lavo ruled far moro steady than in 1874, and man$facturora havo gouorally ox- porienced a profitable season. Tho cost of ma- terial throughout tho trado has been some lowor, but manutacturors prodict a genoral riso during: 1870, whon tho surplus matorial ehall have boen ontirely worked off, ‘Tho many Inzuries which aro manufactured in this branch, aud whioh sold ato ruinous discount in 1874, have found an in proved demand. ‘Tho couutry trade bag been encouragingly active, considering tho uaprotit- ablo sales in that quarter last seasun, business boing oporatad moro upon a oxah bawis, aud col- Tections have boon good throughout, SILVER SMELTING WORK exhibit s largo decreaso in compurison with the figures of 1874, Vory little silver smelting is dono in Chicago, owing to tho fact that the prof- its realized aro small, and tho chaucaa of lows 60 reat, that nono but hoavy capitalists will om- ark in tho outerprla, Ono of the threo works in existonco in 1874 has collapsed, and another has only boon in operation a portion of tho yoar. It is understood thats California firm intends establishing works in this city carly this year, tho amolting material being furvished direct from tho mine, TYPE AND ELECTROTYPE foundries bave exporioncod an exceedingly pron- porous season, tha incrodse in tho yalue of an- nual producttons being fully 17 per cent. , lt is not perhaps gonerally known that Chicago turna out moro than ono-sixth of tho typo manufac- tured in tho United States, nnd 10 per cent moro than is manufactured in New York, In this lino, Chivayo bide fair to monopolize half tho trado at on carly future date. Competition iu thotypo business has bead qulte active, and prices havo consequently ruled low, Material has also been cheaper, The following isa SUMMARY, Work. Other metal No. Capital. ers, Product, Bragu fowtadrie®....00ee0015 $ GiG, 000 Avi $1,165,000 Bliver-smelting works... 2 654,000 230 2,000,300 Typo and aloctrotypa founiteles.ecsseee see 8 60,009 240 890,000 Vault-light manufacticies, $ 220,0u0 130 280,000 Telegraph-luntrumont ‘manutsctorles 200,000 133 270,000 Gas-Axturo ma Tes. vee +2410 107,090 WY 120,000 Jewelry manufactorioa,.. 3 75.00 47 325,000 Bilver-plating works. 6 25,0 65 112}000 Watch-cago works. 1 8n90 345,000 Baggsge-chock work: 3 Goon 29 19,000 Sewing- msc 1 300,000 19 40.000 Locksmiths % “4gjr00 at 31,000 Gold-leaf mi 4 = 8900-90 20,000 Engraved motalalgw in ‘ulactories,.. 2 40,000 65,00 Total.» 62 $2,878,000 1,569 $3,912.20) ‘Total for 187 G3 “9/492,000 1,814 6,513,010 ‘The aggrogate aunual wages paid is $970,000, agatnat 31,035,030 im 1874, and 1,861,000 in 1873, Of thew cstablivhmente only alx oro in existence provious to 1860. ——= BRICK AND STONE, NINETEEN PER CENT INCKEASE in tho aggregate annual production ts reported, though the uumber of workors omployod is 8 percent loss, ‘I'ho tatal production of brick for 1876 {a extimatod ot obont 200,000,000, Tho no- nual production of brick has yariod widely dur- ing tho past fow scasous, ‘Iho yoar aucceoding the groat fire the production was ‘167,000,000, ngalnst 97,000,000 for tho provious year. In 1973 ft docronaod = to 178,000,000. For 1874 tho total production waa estl- matod at 200,090,000, tho ssmo number as in 1875. About 3,000,000 brick have boen turned out atthe Bridwoll: against 4,000,009 in 1874. Tho amonnt of building dono during 1875 was muci larger than in tha provious year, From thia it would naturally bo inferrod that the man- ufacture of brick for 1875 should bo correspond- ingly groator. But. na stated above, the produce tion for 1871 waa alimulated to auch an oxtent that the markot was heavily averloadod, and tha solling price consoquontly low, ‘This surplua stock has beon slow in working off, and it was not until tho Intter part of 1875 that the market pewan to aysumio a healthy tone. At the aponing of tho building asagon there wore noarly 40,000,- 000 of old brick on the market, in strong con- trast with this pumnbor iy tho number of brick on haudat the progont date, vot excocding 9,000,000, Thus s great part of tho buildings eroctod in 1875, have been bullt with the manutace ture of — provious seasons. ‘Tho prov- nionce of wet woathor during tho past yoar has proven a «roat drawback to brick- makors, and the sctual ruln of some of tho smaller yards, rondoring tho grostor part of tho misterial of a poorar quality and tha price of No. 1 grade higher. I¢ ia the provailing opinion among brickmakers that tho prico of bricks manufactured in Chicago will rulo highor oach season, becauso it {4 imposublo to obtain a loaso of any portion of the river or elipa Iu tho city for more than period of two years, as the prop- arty is more valuable for shipping pur- poses. Ayu the material used is aolmout antirely obtained from tho Chicago River and ita ellps, mannfacturors are obliged avery two years to pull up their stakes and move farther Into tho suburbs, fn order to com- mand the necessary factlities for manufactur. ing. This, thoy claim, will gradually ancroaso the coat ‘of transportation. THE AVERAGE MARKET PRIC 3 ag compared with tho preceding suason, was fully §1 lower, although the trade duriwg the fall months was quito brisk, owing to the unfayorablo weather experienced. Fully vine: tenths of the anual manufacturo fluds a homo market, the remaining tenth being principally shipped West. ‘The great bulk of the prowacd brick used hore is of Eastern snd Malwaukoo make, : ATONE-CUTTERS have increased the valuo of their annual prod- uct 5 per cent, The emallness of the gain is partially due to the fact that wtone-cutting man- ufacturore Lave Leon obltyod in several instances to Sonusle with Joliet convict labor. The Jol- iet contractors can afford to put in a much lowor bid for work than can any Chicago contractor, a8 they aro only obliged to pay tho prison authori- tiew for tho labor of each convict at the rate of #3 aday of ten houra each, whoress the wages of tho Chicago stoue-cutters range from $3 to $3.50 aday of sight honra onch. On the othor hand, 1t hold that the quality of the Joliot work iu interior to that pertorniod ip the city, ‘This wup- pouition iy probably correct, a4 tho convicts aro meroly ‘' transiont boarders,” many learning tho trade while sorving out their sentoncea, Prices have ruled low throughout tho year sud protita have been consequoutly emall, rast improvement has boon made within the aut few yearsin tho mechanics! appliances of tho stone-cutting trado, artinana having got the process of manufacturing down to an excauding- ly fine point." The greater part of haud-labor in tho turning out of rosuwive stone is nuw dia- poused with, For reasons adduced since the great fire, there Ja a steady iucroavo in the bus:nesa of Sre-proof t rootug matenal, Slato-rooting manufacturers report sn incroase of & por cent, and artittclal steno works have gained slightly. Plumbers’ waged bave rapgod at about the name figures ay in 1874, reduction of 16 per cont on the wagey paid tho year previous. SEWERAGE, Tho amount of sewerage constructed last year was amallor than tn 1974, na tho Board of Public Works wore finaucially cramped nml did not award any contracta tintil Into in the #eason. Nhe fdllowing is tho amount it lineal feet of rowerago coustrictad ju 1875s Dianicter, Routh Wet North Feot. Divtaon, Disidon, Division, Totaly 1 wo RM BN,SLT Totals soo TH MS 0,953 1,991 105,189 Itistho intention of tho Board. of Public Works tliat all contracts awarded in 1875 shalt be fuiitied early In the coming spring. During the Inut soason the new Wator-Works tuonel ling been comptoted. Tho work on tho raw pumnp- Ing ongino will probably bo finished oarly noxt fall, ‘nts auxiliary tn cur sow poworful wator- pumping facilities will be the moans of doubling tho available supply, which will thon ba ampio for all gencral use or fn tho ovont of a conflagra. tion. i Inrge number of water-maing havo alao beon Intd in many of the principal thoronghfares, and extonsive private drain improvomonte mada, Tho following ta a suMMaRy: Stonoand brick. No, Cajntal, Workers, Product Urick yards.....42 $030,000 4, $1,400,910 Stonecutters,...21 1,500,009 5,400,000 Marble manufac- torfe! tee 185,000 810,000 Artitici: stone manufactories, 6 650,000 600,000 Roofing nate imapufactories. 2 869,009 2:3 647,600 Toofing manu- factorles...0.50 6 160,509 80 405,000 Asphalt pave ment m't’ 1 f,000 35,000 ‘Terracotta m'f's 3 150,U0 246,000 2 $4,090,000 $9,C42,000 4.07 3,891,009 4,058,000 The aggregate annual wagos paid ie $3,913,- 459, against $4,062,732 in 1844, ond $3,718,003 in 1973, Of these ninoty-nino oatablishmonta, only Wouty-six wera in oxistonze proyious to 1800, ——-—_. BUILDING. Tho following tablo contains tho statistice of building of brick and stono in Chleago during 1875, tocether with comparisons for tho previous year. "The excess of Inst yoar’a progross ovor that made in 1974 ts truly enormous. Most of tho buildinge ercctod ara throo stories in hoight, aud asagonoraslrule srouf a substantial clar- neter, ‘Tho number of pormits jasuod by tho Board of Public Works is no gaugo of tho num- bor of buildings erected, ns in many casos only ono pormit was nocossary in tho construction of an entire block, Tho fmmonso amount of bulld- ing porformed tast soanon bas bad tho offect of matorinily reducing rentein all portions of tho city, In thie respect tho Brora decroana for tho year was 15 to 20 por cons, ‘Cho following is a SUNS, No, of Feet Divtsions, Permits, Frontage. Cost. my 11,895 1,752,060 204 A9,0R0 53,479 33,005 ——5—— LEATHER MANUFACTURES, THE TANNING DEPANTSENT of tho loather trade haa not beon very profit- ablo, although tho numbor of hides tannod was much Jarger than in any previous year. Tho present outlook, however, givos promise for o largely increasod domand for tho produstions of tho various tanuorias of tho United States, as tho atatiatics of atl branches of tho trado hero show ahoavyincrongo. ‘Lhia result was largely duo to tho contse of somo of our loading firms, who. on account of tho incronged loca! demand, havo worked a full forco thraughout tho year, while several minor establiatiments wore obliged to suapond oporations during tho last fow months on account of tho cléso competition in prices, Prices have ruled low and unuteady, notwith- standing that the quantity of loather oxported waa much largor than. in i874. Tho increased resource of leather anpply from the States of tho Pacifico Cosst is proving somowhat dotri- mental to tho interests of both Chicago and Eastern tanneried, Tho leathor tauncd in that section fu raported to be of wuporior quality. The bigh ratos chargod by the Union Pacifie Railroad Company havo, howovor, partially discouraged the oxtea- ive shipiont of California losther to tho East. Tho relativoly high prico of groan hidos, a8 com- parod with that of tanned loather, ia the primo cause of the depression in the trade. Chicago tannera during tho paxt soagon have undoubted- dy ovor-producod heavily, with tho anticipation of nwudden roaction in tho woar future, Tho yaluo of tho loather turned out here, inclnd- jug tbo manufacture of boots and shoos, exceeds = $8, 700,000,—an increaso of 26 per cont ‘ag compared with tho figures of 1874. ore than 90,000 corda of bark wera cousumed in the tanning process, It may appear atrango that altbough leathor can be tauned much cheap- or in the Enat than in tha Wost, yot fully 20 por cent of tho loathor on tho Enstern markot ig tho roduct of Chicago tanucrios. Thofact can only 0 accounted for on the ground that the superior quality of tho Wostorn manufacture rondors it moro desirable to Eastern jobbora, and gives botter satisfaction to tho final consumor. Othorwise the product of our tannorics would no fiud so good amarket. LOOT ANQ SHOE MANUYACTORIES roport an incroas® of 67 por cout, ‘tho apparant largeness of tho gain ia dua to tho fact that Tun ‘Yatpone in its last annual review did not take into account tho work porformod by amallor dealors at thelr homes, ‘Lho prosont figured, however, include the product of all rotail ar- tiflcers, ‘Making duc allowance for this addition, tha iwereago in tho wholesalo manufacturing trade will not bo far froia 87 per cont, ‘Tho quantity manufacture. by tho smallor brauchos of tho boot and eboo trade in 1875 wae fully 15 por, cont largor than Jn any provioun year, Fully 90 per cont of tho boots and whioce manufactured in Chicago aro mado from tho products of our tannorics, and of those sold in Chicago nearly 60 per cent aro manufactured ut home. BADDLE AND HARNESS manufactures have gaiued 11 per cent in aggre- gato annual salos, and truok manufacturers ro- port an increase of 5 per cent, ‘Tne following is a AUMMARY, ‘Work- No, or, Prete 8 ie Product. 3 $3,400,000 4,000,000 vu0 1,600 Blank-book man'fior! Loather beltiman'f'o Whip mauufactories, Total... ‘Total for 14 100,000 3,500 70 $4,253,009 SGk — 30bt,700 2010 Bus 6; ‘ho aygrogato annual wages pald iy 1,448,705, aynint £803,630 in 1874 avd 2909,000 ia 1873, Of theae woventy-nino eatablisumenta only st- teen wore in oxistence provious to 1860. ae BREWING AND DISTILLING, MORE NEEL THAN EVER, Our browors have exporisnced a fairly-pros- perous season, moro than 340,000 barrels of liquor being the resnlt of tho yoar's browing. ‘Those figures oxhibit an incroago of 2 percent over the productions of 1674, and tho value of tho annual products shows o proportiouste gain, Owing to tho misorablo quality of tho barley yield for 1876, the cout of material, and the brower’s galling price, ruled tow. The con- tinued iuclomency of the weathor during tho Larvest months wag the primo causo which rondored tho new crop of wo inferior in quality, The sversgo market prico in 1674 wae about 91.00, that of 1875 foll to €1.08. Of so poor a grade was the Iaut barloy crop, that maltatera found it more profitable to themselyos, and considered is more uatisfactory to the final consumer, to import their barley largely from Canada, as the Cana- dian ylold for 1875 was abundant, and fine qual- vity. “du addition to the advantage gained iu the grado of matorial, tho pricy of Canada barley und the cost of its transportation was so roason- ably low that maltsters havo been able to sell the game in a malted condition at the average price of 21.26 por bushel, ‘Ibe great suporiority of the walt made from Canadian grain has more than compensated for the small rodus- tion on the protit.realized by the brewer, Tho capacity of our brewers hae eince 1574 inoreasod tos cousidorable extent in uccordance with tho steadily-growiug demand, Not Jess than soven- tean breworied wero burned down in the great Bro, involving w losg of over 2,500,000, and taking away one-half tho brewing capacity of the city, Thoy have nearly all, however, been rebuilt, and incresued ¢hetr capacity, so that uow the production excecds that of 1870, The larger portion of the gnin the past year is dus to the Jocal trade, Amoug Amoricans, alo and beer are fast becoming fayorite beverages, avin connection with distilled liquors they are coneldered ag tho losser of the two evils, Tho prico of Inbor las rangod tho eamo as iu 1874. THE DISTILLANG TRADE has been unusually activo, the gainin tho valuo of annual producta boing fully 11 percent. ‘Ihe distillorles of Chicago have now n capacity of 400,000 gallons per day, including highwines and. ricohol, which tn round numbers fs oqual to 12,000,000 gations, Their actual production in 1375 was about 1,000 PAllons, ngainat 8,930,- 009 gallona jn 1874. Regarding tho shipment of alcohol to Eurone. there has boen little or noth- ing doing the past year; at loast Chicago dis+ titers havo done nothing {fo thia direction. The ruling of tho Interval Revenue Dopartment by which distilierios wera obliged to furnish heavy bona on all oxportations bas had tho effect of causing Chicago dealers to refuse all European Now Yorle dealers. This hag aorely pinched many of the pinallor tradors, aw the direct tine porter fa sblo to undorsell thom at loant 16 por cont, Tho supply of — merohante {ailors far exceeds tho domand, and a lively coms potition will equalize the trade and mako profits somowhnat lesa than now, In tho manufacture ot hate, capa, and tura, Chicngo is in a fair way to monopolizo tho bulle of tho Woatorn trade, , ‘Our manofacturers aro now pushing thoir prod: | ucts neress tho water, and about avery dorctlp. ; tion of Atmorican furs tinda ao, extonsivo Euro pean packet. FLAT. ‘Tho past year has witnesaed tho establiabment noar this city of an institution tho need of which has long beon been folt by many of our rominent manufacturers, Wao refer to tho ox- ordare, ‘Tha decislon of tho Revenue Dopart- | [oneivo flak factory. in Tosolle, a _ammnll ment with relation to the tax on exporta- | town altuatod abot 26 milos northwest Uons bas recontiy boon maodifled by See- | from thie city. Tho factory in cone retary, Bristow, but not until tho foreign trolted by Chicago capitalists, aud ta oporated pee ® capital of $100,000. Tho agrrogato valud of tho anual gales ja about $240,000, and the factory finds employmont for 150 workors, wha aro paid on an average 81,60 por day. Tho flas used fa mostly grown In DuPaga County, and a small portion of tho material ia raised in Cook County. The product fonds s ready markot ia tho East and Southwest, LIME-WORKS hava largoly increased in annual production, thy figures being 656,200 barrela, against 400,000 bar rola in 1874, Tho Jarge amount of building por: formed during 1875 has not resulted in any over: roduction of limo: the soawon'’s manufacture avingg beon almost ontirely used for omlding purposes, Sall-lofta lavo bliehtty: increased in posers businers, although tho contmunnco of low jake ireighta and the conroquont stagnation of the shipping mmtercst atill depressca the trade, PAPER MANUFACTORIES bavo turned onte larger quantity of work thas over before. ‘Cho foathor-dustor business, which escapod notice im Inst yoar'a “annual” on oo count of ite very recont establiahmont, is stoad+ ily ineroasing ita custom, tho local demand being amply suopliod by our city manufacturey. The trado for 1875 had sotght auothor market, In consoquence of this an enormous (rade was lost, which would have brought back to tho West ono dotlac iu gold for every busuol of grain exported in tho ebapo of alcohol, INCHEASED FAXATION. In tho optnion of many distillors the increased taxes impored by the Gorornment during 1975 had the offect of materially checking the produc- tioa, but a8 corn lag averaged fully a cent lowor for the year, tho additionst tax bas been soma: what eaeier for the distil'ors to Bear, Aa stated in last yoar's review, Chieago offora pecullar ad- vantages for the production’ of highwines, which aro not surpagsed by auy other city iu tho United States. Tho spparont largeness of tha numbor of establisliments, a8 alown in the appended table, is owing to tho fact that Tir Tnsnune, in its au- nual roviow for 1874, omitted to take into ac- count the number of rectiflors then doing busi+ pees, Allowing for this crror. tho numbor of eatablighmonta in existenco in 1875 was substan- tinlly the game og that of tho provious year. Tho following fa a sustuanr, Brewing and Die- No. Capital, Workers, Product, | following fy o f ea acAMAnY, EY ARROW MR 7 SUS AD piincellaneona, No. Capliat, Workers, Product 70 © 1,500,000 279 «6,090,000 | Printing un, "300 ef 0) veeold? $1,400,000 1,090 $1,094,n0¢ Malt boueed..02. 8 “701,010,000 wa tah ies att Total 7s y yao, ‘Totule for 619 9 38,04 , Tho aggrogato anoual wages paid ts $157,800 Againgt 3315,000 in 1874 and $015,714 in 1873, Of thoso ostablichmonts only alx wero in exi enco previous to 1860, —— sae MANUFACTURE OF GAS. STATISTICS. Tobsceonnd cigars miabt2 6lyud ts is gud awnings mnfe, uy ‘Tho following aro the prominont statiatica of Pape mar tacierin ee ped OT the coal-gas manufacture in this city: Glue and neatafoot oil Ttoms, 8. fide, W, Side, Total, ‘Total 1874, | _ mnanufactorics 1 20,0 24 Capital... .$2,000,000 $250,000 $2,250,060 $2,250,00) | Blow-casea,, a 43,000 ft Workers, ‘a7 ft 1435 | Willlard-t & 4iULu 237 An'l wagen,, $209,250 $74,400 $289,650 $203,760 | Iimo-worke, & wat Gas m'nt' Honey....00 1 20 million tt. 363 ww 695 660 | Ornamental glass wha, 3 v2 Pipe laid, Willow-ware mts. 2 20 niles... 15 20 33 40 | Paper-box mf 4 5 No, of "gaa Prluting-Anke 1 1 21 TAMPS ese seseeees seeenee 0,078 9,650 } Writing-inkt mi w v7 Annual cost ‘Brush manufact 3 ch Of ganin do, $202,777 $199,000 $995,777 $390,000 | Hay-preas work: 1 10 Naupbeha a Carpot weavorn, 20 ts Mifrd, ft, secsscee 275,000 " 275,000 250,000 | Mop-Lead ond handlo Cost used, manufactorles, 1 12 tons....0. 40,000 90,000 70,000 65,000 | Waste-cleaning mi 1 7 Tho nvorago quantity of gas consumed daily ‘Wangin ganac 4 ae throughout the city is raportod at about 2,300,000 } umbrella works. 1 7 feet, of which fuily 1,850,000 feot is furnished Hite rea dade 3 + AH by tho South Side Company, and tho remaindor | Gitcupmanufaciories, 1 A conducted through West Sido pipes, Tho South | Open-banner-aign mfa. 1 9 Side Company bavo during tho past yoar fully | Musicul-Sostrument 4 aL complotod tholr new Beldgoport works, and aro 1 ‘3 now able to force gas throug: the South Side + a tubos at doublo the usual pressure, Tuis Com- 1 y pany also furuishos tho North Sido pipoa with 1 153 Le 922 $9,010,600 14,247 €25,298,600 ‘859. 7,190,600 19,457 22,085,166 ‘Tho aggregate aunual wogos paid Io 1875 is 5,415,241, avainet $5,590,350 in 1874, and 93,- 837,000 in 1873, Of theso establiahmonts only twouty-ono tera in oxtstonce previous to 1860, TH TOTALS. ——— CHEMICALS, ETC, ‘THE ANNUAL PRODUCTION for tho paxt yoar in this dopartmont of our manufacturing industries foots up to 93,417,000, an Increago of 8 per, cent over the aggrogato sales of 1871. This docked growth is highly gratifying, inasmuch op ft moro fully confirms the opinion Jong held by Chicago manufacturora 1874, Number of establishments,, 1a Number of workers... 61. that this city can successfully compote with 2,80 $ 20,440,000 Enstera eitios in tho production of most stapto | $j ; aipeuoea iigson articlos, Tho truth of this etatemont {s moro clearly ehown {n tho production of soap, both toilet and common. In tho manufacture of this cleansing article Chicago leads tho Unitod States, Daring last yoar about 27,000,000 pounds, or 450,000 boxes, of staplo soaps wero manufac. turod, against 21,000,000 pounds, or 914,285 boxes, in 1874 Tho capital investod in tho tollot-soap Jino fa about $100,000, ‘ho immonso produc- tion hag found n market in noarly every Stato and Territory in tho Union. ‘This oxbibit of tha annual amount of business porformod by our wosp manufacturers is fully 25 por cont largoc than can ba produced by Loston, Philadalphia, St. Louis, or oven Now York, ‘Tho solling price in thia line Las avoragad about the samo as in 1874, although tho.prico of matorial bas ruled highor by 1 cont por,poand. ‘Thero 19 an increase of G por cont inthe num- bor of workors ovor that of tho previous scason, and the amount of capital employed ia angmont- ed3 por cent. ‘ho number of establishments in tha bueinosa hae incroasod 7 por cont, and manufacturora roporto gain of 10 per cout in the amouut of wages paid. WIUTE-LEAD WONKS exhibit au.ivoreaso of G por cont in annual These figures show an incroaso of 8 par cont in the number of workers, 7 per cont to the wapos ne! ;, 44 por cont in tho capital employed, User ont in the value of product. "ky incroase in activity is about 7 per cent, gs our canyaes ia a little more thorough this year than last. P ‘Those totals do not, however, ropresont all tho mauufacturing industries of tho city, Many Items of labor could not bo tabulated without 2 work oqual to that Involved im taking a regular census. Vory many attificora work at thoir own homea for individual customors,—for instance, tailors and shoomakers,—and some of the itoma in the cost of building could not be obtained, Mating duo allowance for thaso, with the same porcontage as iu former yoard, wo Layo tho fol- Towing ad a nearer AYPROXIMATION TO THE TRUTH : 17,800,000 products; and vinegar and confectionery works a2 ‘$17,004 Brow ostosdy growth ‘ho proiit on visogar is ee) aotoooto0d wo largo that manufacturers aro often lod to overproduction, and thus glut tLe market, aa the numbor of cstablisimonts in the busitess would indicate. In no department of thia branch: “ any retrogression perceptible, Tho following a = THE EXPOSITION. A GREAT BUCCESS, ‘Tho Exposition of 1875 was yory romarkably for tho uniformly superior quality of tho sam SERS works ples exposed, aud was in’ all ogeential featuret Chemicnt Works, etc, No, Capi, ere, Product. | oqual, and in some suporlor, to either of ity Cheniical works. White-lead work Varulsia works, Confoctionery works..12 Medicins manufactor’s 2 Vinegar works....0+..17 Bods & saineral raters 8 prodeoossors. The continued and growing pros- pority of this annual entorpriso speaks glowingly Yor tho prominence attained by Chicagc* as manufacturing contro, Thora wert 66% oxhibitors in tho dopartmonts of agrioul- 4 ue a 180,000) 410,410 Gojoe 47,009 3 smo 16 BOO qickie aot ay tural imploments, gencral machinery, and man- Fe ye EEO) NP h Bi * Oi yorks 105,000.33 ufactured product, Tho number of tine ort 10 1,284,000 65 3,195,000 1) ‘Yho agyrezate annusljwagos pald is Against ¥U17,U03 in 1874, aud $925,000 : pees Nel MISCELLANEOUS, STILT, AN INCREABE. In the last twelvo month miscollancous éa- tablishmente bavo increased the aggregate valuo of their products fully 8 per cent, Although not clagued by us under any regular hoading, many of tho dopartmenta do an immenuo business, ‘fhe most important under this bead {a flour, Tho yaluo of the sggrogato production in this branch bas increanod 4 per cent, tho figures bolng $1,700,000, against $1,630,000 in 1874. More than 257,000 barrols of flour havo boen turucd out of tho oity milla (threo {u number), which was in quality fully oqual to that manufactured in 1674, ‘Taking into tho account tho Lookport Mill, which is oporated by Ohicago capital, tho yield will swell to fully contributors was 200, Many moro applications for room wera recoivyed by tho Diroctore thar could ponsibly ho asaigned, and cach exhibitor was crowded intp as email a space as posaiblo. A now feauture of last yoor's programma was the display of fruita by tho Amorican Pomological Hooloty, ‘Tho ligt of EXUIBITORS FROM ABROAD was much larger than in 1874, and tha quality and merit of their goods wore fully appreciates by the thousands of visitors who thronged the building day aud evening. According to tho ay: nual ropart of the Exposition manageré, ovet 276,000 poruona visited the Exposition during the season. THE DIATLAY oF 1876. promises to bo fully up to the past standard {ne management will probably flud tt feauibio te enlarge tho building during the present yoar and thue avoid the nocoasity of refusing any aD lication for space. ‘The amount disbursed dure Tug the past yoariu the improvement of the building and fixtures exceeds $25,000, Finax cially the Exposition onterprisa ia tlourishing, and may now be cousidored as permanent, a $9,417,000 7,153,000 010,000, "1873, 932,000 barrels, ‘Tho quantity manufactured in AND TOTAL, 1874 was oatimatod at 926,000 barrels, Tho clty TE GRAND TOTAL milla tarned out 244,007 barrels, Thore have ‘The following is an approximation to the t YY boon no now mills etartod during 1875, and prob- ably wil! not bo for woveral years, unless the de- mand exhibits amore decided incroago- than it has for tho past fow seasons. Our mills aro now run (day and night) to thelr full capacity; eo rer capital must bo invested in tha trado bofore it can sonuibly incroase. faneae ieauiaaiey eeanurana yi th has experienced a decidedly preapart ‘oar, the yaluo of tho avoual products oxhiblting an in- creaso of about 5 per cent. uperiority and reasonable coat of the work performed by our principal job printers bas actually had tho effect of reversing tho old course of tha trade. Within & fow yoara the Wost has not only coased to do- ond upon Eastern citica for its show-bills, but Eas created in Chicago o market for the East Yn,the tagt yoar the capital invested in tho CIGAR AND TOBACCO trade has {norcased nearly 7 por cant, more than 6,000,000 pounds of test tobacco bavirg been turned out of tho factories in tho abs) amoking and chewing brands. Ovor 47,000,000 cigars Lave also baeg manufactured during the emo period, two-thirde of which number ara consumed at homes. The tobacco crop for 1875 waa of an unusually fine quality, and of ample abundance; consequently, prices baye ruled somowhat lower thao in 3874. The quantity, of anuif upon which duty hes boon paid is 14,3 uuds, Tho annual production of tho city Feces shows the usual increase in proportion to the growth of the city. CLOTIING MANDVACTDRES bave gained § per cent dunng 1874, Quite a revolution was caused in the tailoring business during the latter portion of the yaar by the faut thata prominent city capitalist conceived the Enutisnt ides of importing his goods direct, thus gating the second proiit hithasto enjoyed by value of oar trado in 1875, It socludos only the first selling price, socond eales not boing count: od, though made by jobbers: Produce trado, Wholesale (aa al ‘DManutactures (produc 329,000 seth et A Tr Pot ret {870,228,000 fa clured ine Pefided tn wholeaalo (ALOU). ve 40,228,000 57,000,000 Eo st 107000,000 These figures give a decrease of 6.9 per cont in the eales of produce, snd an Sncronso af 7 per cont in wholesale trade and manufactures, ‘The increase of the wholeovar 1874 is 2.8 por cont. Those totals would bo materially increased’? wo fncloded the sales of prodace to shipper after it bad once been sold in open markot, 4 aay nothlog of the manifold satoa of grain asf provisions under which one Jot may ‘bo dolivere fosdozen of more traders in wucccasion. We bave alsofomitted sales of euch articles as ico, milk, vegetablos, dreasod hoge, oats, oto., 0 Th the etreot, from wagond, and nok placed in public storehousos, Tuo wales of real estate tg not included, ss they do wot belong to Led wholeaale trade, Wo havo dealt only with wh! ; Mr. Wemmick’ would dosiguate as * portabl in PERS followin, were the totals for proviou! years, estimated on the samo basin: 2