Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, December 20, 1875, Page 4

L] THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: MONDAY., DECEMBER 20, 7475. TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. RATES OP FUPECRILTION (IATAMI T 1% ABVANCE), Pastaze Prepabil nt this Otliee Dty Rdttion, post-raid, 1 5o + . §13.00 [ 1.00 2,00 by WETKL) Onneopy, por ye: 81.30 clobol Rse, po 141 Ctalenf twenty, par copy.. Ths postaro s 13 ceate x yoar, whicn wa will prepay. Specimen copdin sent free. Topresent delay and mintakes, be sure sud give Poat-Gitice address fu fall, ncluding Stateand County, Temittancenmny be made elthier by draft, esyress, T'oat-Offico ordet, or In registered Jettare, ot OUT sk, TENMNS TO CITY AUBICRITERR, Dafly, delivered, Bunday excepted, 133 conts per week, Dasly, deliverad, Sunday fusiuded, B0 cents per wesk, Addrern THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Corner Madivon and Dearborn M., Chicago, TiL T AMUSEMENTS, ACADENY OF MUSIC—Thaisted slreet, beiweon Madison aud Monroe, * Tho Two Orphbaus.” ADELDII THEATRE—=Dearhorn Mourve, * Forty T ey n." JIOOLEY'S TIFATIE—Iandolph streel, between Clurk uud Lagalle. Coiifornia Minstrom, NEW CHICAGO TIEATRE—Clark street, Letween Randolpb aud Lako, Kelly & Leou's Miustreln, AMcTICREN'S THEATR D:arcorn nd§ ste. ron. * Helnrich uud Ky WOOD'S MUBEUM—Monrua steeet, between Dear born and State. Afroruoan, * The Lord and th Folet * oo * Jack Markawag's Adveutur, - gz, * Bed Riding-Hood.” reet, eorner Madicon atrest, brtween ement of Buler und Fare 10, The Chiens Tribmne. 1fonday Morning, December 20, 1876. Windy and partislly cloudy weather is pre- Qicted for this ragion to-day. pesial B A At the New York Gold Exchange on Satur- day your greenback dollar represented g7ito §3 cents of healthy money. A reference to our news-columns will show the imnpulse given by the present cold weather to that direful spring of human unhappiness, o destructive mutiny of rebellious funes. s SRS e The progressive Mikndo of Japan hns again triwmphed cver the powerful opposition of the encmics /f innovation in that far-off country, Tho last proclamation 6f the onarch plainly asserts that the feudal ago is gone forever, This news is deeply in the in. terests of civilization. e Miss Porne Couzixs, having tried it her- self, is decidedly of the opinion that a woman may hope to suceeed ns a lawyer, and she nd- vises tho girls to step forward and help to sweep from the templo of justico some of the dirt and disorder which the untidy men of the law have allowed to accumulnto there, — The absurd honx of s Mexican treaty with this country, ceding n Inrgo territory to the United States, which passed through Chicago some timo ngo and was credibly and hos. pitably eatertained by a morning contenpo- rary, scoms to have just reached the Enst, and is this morning ingenuously smashed by our Washingtou correspondent. According to our Washington dispatches, Spenkor Kenn has determined to malke Mr. Monnisox, of Illinois, Chairman of the Com- mittco on Ways and Means, nssigning Fen. xaxpo Woop to the second place, and ap- pointing Mesers, Braise, GanricLp, Burcd- arp, and Krriey as members of the Republi. can minority. Thisarrangement givos Illinois great prominenco in the most important com- milteo of the House, Ex-Mayor Harr, of New York City, whom most Western renders will reeall from Nasr's Tammany caricatare of o man with a Scotch- terrier sort of a visnge in big eye-glasses, having been left poor indeed by the Ring ex- posures, has ndopted the profession of an netor, nud, Soturday night, made his theatri- cul debut. Ho did ns well ay could bo hoped for n man who knows so little about the busi- ners, and wns favored with an audionce of notable people, Tho Methodist journals, commenting npon Bishop Havex's recont indorsement of Presi- dent Graxr for a third term, are at sonmo prins to emphasize the ides that the Doston epeech is entitled to no extra notice and in- vested with no special significance boeauso 1t was made by a Bishop, ‘Ihey insist that t was only GiLpert 1[AvEN in an individnal eapacity that slopped over the other day in Boston, and are strenuous in disavowing that the Moethodist Church bas any disposition to rmploy her ccclesinstical machinery in the business of President-making. There wns something very cosy, conven. feut, nud comfortabla in the robbery of the rxpresscar on the North Missouri Road last saterday, the details of which were printed m our last jssue. The car was entored, while sho train was fa 1otion, by three masked men, who coolly took tho agent, the latter, ns 4o enys, Leing holf asleep, lifted him up by Ihe coat-collar and heels, witiout any resist- anco upon his part, or without saying any- ibing to him, or he to them, laid him down 33 gently os if ho had been marked * glass, this side up with eare,” into an empty pack- ing-box, shut down the lid, locked him in, and left Lim to finish his nap. Whilo ho was sleeping serencly, they went throngh lho safe sud carried off 20,000 worth of money ond goods, and made their oscape without datection, Upon tho arrivul of the train in Bt. Louis, the ngont was roleased from his coufinement, without cithor scratch or oruisa, so gently aud dolicately hnd the nasked trio handled him. The somnolent igent will remind tho reader very foroibly of Busuiz Turxen and bor remarkoble drowsi. aess when Tnrobonc trotted hor sbout tho ouse, At tho same time, it would secin that 't might be for the interosts of the express tompouy to employ agents who can keep awalke, or ut least ngonts whose gifts of som- solenco ure nmot so pronounced as to sllow three men to breek open an express-car, push over heavy trunks placed agninst the door, lock them up in packing-boxes, and rille ifus, and will have, ot the end of the route, suly drowsy und distant recollections of wlot wag done. As a sleepur, this agent above the fuils sooms to have been quite as successful 18 the sleepers below them, The Chicago produce warkels were frreg- oler on Hoturday, Mess pork was more active and 200 per brl lower, closiug at $19.15 cash and §19.40@19.42} for February, Lard wug in fair demand, but 7}@10¢ per 100 vs lower, closing ot $12.80@12.82} cash and §12,60@1262) for February, Ments were losa active and easier, at 7jc for boxed ahouldurs, 10jc for do short ribs, and 10jc for do short clears, Mighwines were mod- eratoly nctive and unchanged, at, $1.10 per gallon. Flour was quiet und steadier. Wheat was aotive and edvauced 1§¢, but closed {o lower than on Friduy, at 970 cash aud 97jo Corn was dull end je lower, closing at 4%e for Dec pmber and 44je for Janunry, Oats wero « prict and e higher, closing nt 20je ensh aral 80}e for Junuary. Liyo wes steady, st 64 ke, Barley was dull and lower, closing at 5¢8je cash nnd 81 for January. ogs were «dull and avernged 10¢ lower, with the bulk of *the trading at £6.90@ 715 Cattle wero dnll and negleeted at Triday's quotntions, The sherp trade was quict. and common prades sold 2ic fower. Ono hundred dollars in gold would buy €118.75 in greenbac ks ol the close, s prem. for Jnnunry. An odventurous I"m, 1'rofl, NoRrbENSRIOLD Ly nnme, hni recent ky achieved great distine- tion in geographicali cireles in consequenca of nsuccessful voyage. throigh tho Kara Sen, heretofors ruppo ed to be & frozen deep, whereby n new w ater.route is opened up ho- tween Europe aud Siberia, We publish this morning an accormt of Trof. NoRDENSKIOLD'S explorations, sshich s interesting in a general way, thongh not adapted for clocutionnty purposcs, Tho reader will do well to refrain from any effort to orally commun’jenta the particalars coneern- ing the Betwcro-Wostouschnoi Ostrow, the Sopotschnajn Korga, and how the voyngems bought a fat mukyumer and tachirer previons to visiting ‘Saostrow.linj aud Maksuninskoj. ‘Fhe better plan is to avoid the discussion of such disoggreenblo questions, aud accept Prof. NotmryssioLn’s narrative as entitled to entire cindence. e #1157 LO-ROTHING CONGRESS, The present Demoeratic Louso of Repre- sentaties will probably enrn the reputation, Lefore its final adjonrnment, of having prom- ised more and necomplished less then any of its predecessors, This is certain to Lo the enso if King Lasur and his Star-Chamber Council of Thirtean can enforce the continued abacrvance of the repressive policy which has been dictated thus far, 'Fhere conld not lhinve been a pleiner ncknowledgment that tho Democrnts fear to enter upon any legislation, ‘To postpone it amlavoid itaslong ns possible they hava taken an noprecedentedly long vaca. tion for tho holidays, adjourning n week bo- fore Christ:nas until o weelk after New Yenr's, ns to nll active work, and merely meoting to- wmorrow (n dozen of them) to listen to an an- nouncement of dir. Speaker Kenn's comut- tees, which has so sorcly puzzled him to frame. There is no indication that the Democzatic sido of {he House will be any better prepared or nnited to undertake the netive work of the session after their holidny vacation thau be- fore. At all evonts, no policy hns boen out- lined, and no question hay taken such o shape as to come up for intelligent discussion and finnl disposition. A mass of bills have ‘been introduced, but they have been referred promiscuously to the variots committecs with an evident purpose of smothering o majority of them. This Inaction is not the result of any Inck of important matters for legislative trentment, There rre serious questions be- fore the conntry which played an important part in tho fall clections, and it is tho duty of the Demovratic Congress to give an nuthor- itntivo expression of their party policy in treating them, The currency question is the most conspicuous of these. It is ovident that the Demoeratic party must take one side or the other in an issue involving the credit of the Government and the commor- cial prosperity of the country. Which sideis it going to take? Itis for tho Congressional reprenentatives of the Demoacratic party to in- dicate this, nand the country is nnxiously awniting tho result ns a moans of determining whether it is safo and wiso to transfer theen. tire control of the Governimont into the hands of the Democrats, 8o with the policy of tax- ation, "Tho lest Congress took action on the tariff that failed to satisfy even o larga part of the Republican party, nnd tho statenent of the eustoms receipts shows that there has Leen o decrense in the rovenues sinco 10 per cent was restored to the whole line of protec. tion duties, instend of an incrense whicl was promised by tho Protectionists Ly that reatora~ tion. What action will the Democratic Houso take in this matter? How does it pro- poso to tront the President’s suggestion that the duty on tea and coffee bo restored, os n tax yiclding revenue to the full amount of the collection, nnd without oppression to the people? If tho Democrats are sincero in their pretensions to re- form the rovenue, they will mnever havo o bettor opportunity of proving it, and vindicating their party from the vote it gave on the kamo question in tho last Congress, thou by ncting promptly on the President’s suggestion about tea and coffeo, What do {hey proposa to do about the constitutional smendment introduced by Mr. Brame, or the President’s recommendation in the smme direction? The school question has takon o conspicuous placu among the live issnes of tho day, and the country ia entitled to know liow the Democrats will treat it in case they nccede to absolute power. Tlo introduction of bills, both in the Sen- ate nnd in the House, looking to the remwoval of the bar ns to all ex-Rebel cloimants, and (he openiug of the Treasury to Confederate raiders, ealled for immediate action on tho part of Congrees, It cannot be doubted that, if the Rtepublican party had s large o majority in Congress ea tho Democratio porty hay, there would have been a prompt declara. tion ngainat the principle involved, and a flunl refusal lo tolorato any infraction; but the Denjocratie majority contents itsclf with ro. ferring the bills to Comuittoes, and leaves the country in doubt whothor the United States Treaaury is to be raided by ex-Confed- erates and o new field of richness developed for claim agenta. Evon the policy of investi- gation, which ig one of menaco inerely, hes not been distinetly and systomatically out- lined; ond thoonly mensuro suggested in that dircetion was one which started out so wildly as to raiso o laugh throughout the country. ‘I'he preseut Congress, indeed, hos rofused to corvect the error in legislution by which tha postal sorvico Las buen hampered during the ontire vacation, though it is admitted that this ervor arose from o misunderstanding of tho clause which has proved to be a burden and nunoyauce for the publio and a loss to the servico, It is ovidently the purposs of tha Demo. cratio Congross to avoid overy exprossion which may injure tho prospects of the party in the Presidential campaign. In tho mcan. time, tho public intorests will Lo noglect. ed and the people will bo left in sus. pense sbout the final settlement of the most important political questions, This iy the policy, but we doubt very much whether the party whip cau be exercised throughout the entiro session in such a woy as to coerco uniform observance of it, If it can be, we think there could scarcely be a more striking evidence that the Democraty in Congress feel they would not have thiu jndorsemoent of & yopular wajority for tho attitude they woald take on theso varions guestions. The decep- tlon would be x0 palpuble and its purpose so obvivus thud Intelligent puople everywhere e e s T would understand it, and refuse to confide the QGovernment to a parly which does not dare to declara its inlentions in a practical way., The ** Do-Nothings" will bo forced into action after the holidays; and, if not, judgment will go against them by default. THE PRESIDENT OF THE BENATE. The sensation in the Urited States Seunte after tho holidays is likely to come up in the diseussion of the status of its temporary pre- siding offleer (Mr. Frnnr, of Michigan), in cluding tho question whether ho would be the successor to the Presidency of tho United States in tho event of DPiesident Granra denth before tha expiration of the term, and alko the question whether tho Senato can, if it sea fit, elect anotlier Senntor to occupy the placo now held by Senator Feuny, 'Theso (uestions will come up on n resolution offered Dy Senntor Ensuxps just before the adjourn. ment on Friday. which is as follows : WREREAS, Bince tho Inst nession of the Kenate, Vice-President of tho United States has dec therefore, Lies0 veit, That on tho 7th day of Tanuary next, st 1 o'clok, ofternoon, the Honxte will procced to tho election of & Fresident pro tem, Senator Epmusps explaived that his pur. pose in offering the resolution at that time wna to give tho Senators an opportunity for considering the subject during the vacation, and the object bo had in view in recommend- ing ite passage wasto set ot rest all question ns to whethor the present presiding oflicer is the President pro tem. within the meaning of the Coustitation, and therefore ontitled to suc- ceed to the Prosidency of the United States in cnse of a vacancy in the latler office, The only constitutional provisions boa-s ing on tlicso questions are tho following: Bec, 3 of Art. I provides, after fixing the statuy of Vice-President a3 President of the Senate, that ** The Senata shall choose all their other officers, nnd also o President pro tempore in the nbsonce of the ¥ice-President, or when he shall exercise the offico of Prosident of the United States.” Art, IL, Sec. 1, provides that Congress shall declaro what officer shnll nct as President of the United States when there is a vacancy in the offices of both Prosident and Vice-President. Congross lins provided by law that the Preai- dent pro tom, of the Senato shall so nct, or when there is no such officer, then the Spenker of the Touse of Representatives., It lins been intimated that, in ensa of President GoaxT's denth, the Democrats would set up that Senator Feozy bas not been clected President pro tem. in conformity with the previous practices of the Scuate, that the office is therelore vacant, and that Spenker Kenr wonld be the legitimate successor to tho vacancy in the Prosidential office, If therois tha slightest dauger of suchn construction, it is certainly better that the Senate nact upon Mr. Epdunps' suggestion. There is little doubt of their authority to clect a presiding officer whenever they chooso, a4 they eclect othor officers of the Scnate. The constitutional provision cited nhove secms to be full warrant for this, The Senpate is n permanent body, and its officers are olectod to serve until their succes- sors shall be chosen. Thero is nothing in tho Constitution or laws which prevents the Senate from electing & President pro tem. every day *‘in the abscoce of the Vice. President,” if it desires, nand the Senator holding that pesition at the time the vacaucy in tho offices of both President and Viee- President would become President of tho United States. Probebly the bost course to pursue, under the circumatances, and in order to remove avery donbt ns to the succession to the Presi- dency, would be for Senator Frnoy, of Mich. gou, to resign bis position ns Prosident pro lem., on the gronnd that, at the time he was chosen to that place, there was no thought of tho prosent contingoncy, and that the Senate ought to be freo to select one of its number with spocial reference to his possible micces- sion to the Chief Magistracy of tho nation, It Senntor FERRY were to adopt this course, all questions would bo set ot rest, and it is likely that the Senate would re-clect him to the position ns an ackrowledgment of his faimess ond the qualificatinns which induced thom to select him in the urst instance, THE TAX! 3 Since 1860, the population of the United States hins increased 40 per cent, and the “ordinary” exponditures of tho United States, including interest on the dobt, have inereased 350 per cant. A large part of this increaso hay been necessary, The intorest on the debt fucurred during the War must be paid, and this item alone adds $104,000,000 to the yearly outgo. 'The ponsion-list now costa some 33,000,000 more than it did then, Tho necd of now taxes bas of course creatod o need for new tax-colloctors. The Civil Ser- vice Lias thus necessarily become more com- plicated nud costly. It is perhaps not un. reasonnble, in view of this fact and of the greator cost of living, that the budget for salaries, otc., should be more than 87,000,000 now agaiust $6,00,000 in 1860, The far grester oxpendituro for public buildings is partly justifiable, al. though thero Llas been much wasto connected with this item. Thero is mo exouso for tha reckless voto of new buildings to 5t. Louis and Cincinnati, for in- stance, when tho old ones were amply sufil- cient for the purpese for years to come. No sufficient excuse can be offered, oither, for tho incresse shown in tha following table: W, $42,31 527 40,053,081 e 0,602,403 L Wo aro not here concerned, however, ko much with the justice, as with tho fact, of the increase of national expuenditures and consequent increnso of nutional taxation. ‘This increaso finds parallel, too, in the case of municipalities and States, Thoe Now York Daily Bulletin publishes some carefully com- piled tables which show that the population of the State of New York has incroased 28 per cent siuce 1800, ond tho taxes 200 per cent; tho population .of New York City 86 per cent, and the local taxes 800 per cont. This same fact 4 true of other great cities and States. The inoroase in taxation is many times greater than that in population. Not only is this true, but our systems of lovy aud collection are radically wrong. Htate after Btats, city after city, hnavo recognizod the evil by creat. ing Boards of Equalization, but this resourco has incressed the exponse without materially lessening the wrong. The objects of taxation are badly chiosen; political influence or offi clal conspiracy enanules wmany persons to escope paying tho taxes they owe, aud thus shift on more honest xhoulders greater bure thens than they ought to bear; and on alto- gether disproportionate porcentage of tax- collections is absorbed by the greed of tax- enters. ‘These things are true of the nation. al, Btate, and local systems. It is diffcult to say whetlier the national tariff taxotion of the raw materials of manufactures, transpor. tation, aud comwerce, or the municipal taxa. don of fraulises, dubly, wortyegyes, ata,, iv the more fooligl, extravagant, and hurtful to the prosperity of tho community, Iut it is certain that our whele tax-system ia nudically wrong. The necessary nmount of moncy ennld bo eollected without imposing one-hall the hurthens under which our trade now staggers. And thin *‘necessary nmount” is muck smaller than even the net yield of the present taxes, A Ring is the most costly Iuxury io which any community cau indulge. Moreover, thero are very few communitics which do not run mors or less iustitutions which might much better be left to private effort, The expense of maintaining them is o wholly useless drain on the publie purse, Few people will deny that this is an uu. colored statement of facts, 'Taking it as sueh, we are confronted with the old ques- tion, the question that has becomo monoto- nous and proverbinl since Twern fist defl. antly nsked it @ * What are you going to do about it ?" A politician who wishes to bo- come o statesman can find no better field for statesmanship than this point of local as well as nntionnl taxation. The student of socinl scienco ean do no better work than to carcfully prepare an intoresting primer of toxation. Reform is possible only by egita. tion, earncst nnd uncensing. 'I'he price of liberty from unjust, unequal, and enormous taxes is eternal vigilance,—vigilnnco that fights with ballots at the polls and with in. junotions in the courts, POPULAR EDUCATION AMD RELIGION, The New York ANation, iu a thoughtful article upon ** The Alarm Abont the Schoals,” comments upon the apparent * apathy ” with which the public bas received the sigus of alarm exhibited by the President and some politicions in rogard to public schools, and draws tho inferenco from this apathy thnt we are not likely to have any goneral ngitation on the subject at present, The Nation's in- ference is probably correct, although wo are inclined to disngroo w@th it in its assumption of the apathy of the public. What the Natim mistakes for apathy i8 & quiet solicitude. The people of this country take the most vital interest in our system of public schools a3 one of the bulwarks of national freadom, and, if ever thoy become convinced that they aro threatened by a real dnnger, they will arouse themselves, not to sgitation, but to action, Those feclings are strongost and most earnest which are most quiet. The people hiave faith that their rystem of popu- lar rudimentary cdncation and the general intelligenco and liberalizing of tho masses will savo the schools against any danger from sectarian attack, and thoy will not, therefore, be alarmed until there is good and tangiblo cause for it. When that time comes, they will act ng promptly and forcibly as they did when Blavery attacked the Natiounl Govern- ment and sought to disrupt the Republic. In purening its comments tho Nation says: ‘Thore ts probably no country in the world in which there (s at this moment luss falth n the possibility or ospediency of nfluencing character {n youth by purely diductic methoda than in this, The wholo tone of so- clety and tho apirit of our {natitutious aro agatust it. Hardly anything is belfeved among us, by citbor young or old, becauso soraobody has sald ft, Thera ars prob- ably fewer peoplo xmong ua than anywhero else fn the world whose theory of life {8 not the result of thelr own experfence, or who ars under miny obilgations to Aue thority for the solution of moral problems, Indecd, the overtarow of autliority luus been ro completo thnt 1t baa worked the ruln of doctrinal preachlug la the pul- plts. Doctrinsl preaching 18 necowarily authoritative, 1t consists {n tho diots of commentators, but few per- sone are found willlng to listen to dicta. With this proposition we do not dissent. One of tho most remarkable changes effocted Dby popular education i3 in the charncter of pulpit-prenching, Less than n hnlf a century 8go, its character was essentially dogmntic. The clergy in the days of our grandfnthers preached dreary dogmas and dry doctrinal sermons nlmost exclusively. They not only sought to impress them upon their own con- gregotions, but they were aggressive and controversial, and the pulpit arena was con- stantly occupied by dogmntic gladiators, -cutting and thrusting at each other in the most truculent manner, prosecuting, villify- ing, punisling, bauighing, and only refrain. ing from the nso of the fagot and torch bo- cause martyrdom of this sort wns out of foshion and would havo made them amenable to the civil power upon the charge of mur- der, Their sermons were fustere, snVAgZO, hopeless, gloomy, and full of tho spirit of despair, with scarcoly aray of sunshine to illamivate them., They preached physieal hells, actual devils, bona-fide infernos, and all sorts of enlphurons horrors. The mnsses never read or thought for themsclves, but blindly followed tho brimstone authority in tho pulpit, and wrangled, and fought, and consigned each other to tho “lako of firo” and endless torturo with all the eagornesa and positivenoss of their spirit- unl guides. Al this has passed awny. The yprenching of harsh and vindictive dogmn has boecowe a disagreeable duty, which is shirked 28 much ps possible,—most clergymen belng satisfied with an annual exposition of itina mild form, upon which auniversary their con- grogations ore both scanty and sleepy. Tho rigors of the pulpit aro softened down, and the lurid colors aro loned into softer shades. Very little is now heard of a material hell, with its personal dovil roasting sinuers in sulphur, and blowing them up with dynamite, It is generally looked upon as a mental condition or state of miud, and many good orthodox Obristians disponse with it alto. gether, nnd arguo against the existonco of any such jutensaly torrid locality. Buporatition has boen eliminated in a greatdegree from religious belicf, and broader, more liberal, hutoane, and juster conceptions of the Deity, growing out of tho spread of education aud refloction, Liave taken its place. Dogma has lost ita terriblo Liold upon the peoplo, and in its place love, faith, humanity, charity, moral honesty, uprightness of life, and the Golden Rule, are demanded as tho inspiration of pul. pit-preaching aud the test of popular prac- tice, ‘This change is not peculiar to Protestavt- ism or to this country, ‘Tho Catholic laity in Turope are pervaded through aud thvough by this liberal leaven, although thoy wtill ad- here to certain forms and ceremonies whioh arouecessary to the Church as purts of ity work- ing wachinery. Tho Catholio creed is at longth powerless 68 agoinst civillzation, althongh the discipline aud dootrines of the Church have not changed in any particular, The laity, howevaer, Las changed. As the Nalion says: Aman's golug to maie and confession doew Lot mean now whal §t meant even fifty years sgo, No Governe niout n our day {s afrald to encountor her, Bishopa 4o 10 prison in Prussis without exclting much more atiention than if ihey wure dsfaulting clerks, snd tbe Fole's curses In Rome die ou the om; ty alr, Catholls laymen, 100, sitor thoy get above the poasans ‘cluse, Xuow wall that 6 man is somglhow in our time notso wellequipped for tbe fierce and Uitter ot uggle of 1hodern society by & clerical education as by a sscular one, snd shrink more aad more frow eucouuteriug the sclentific school burdensd with clericel sulutious of physical snd mozsl probla & This wonderful chauge has beon effocted by the softeniug and mollifying tendencies of universal popular education, which bas freed true veligion frow its euvironmnents of super- atition and ignorance, It Lias been taken ad- vantuge of Ly the elergy. 1t is briuying tie world ont of tho shadows of sedireval hor- rors tato tho sunlight of civilization, It in muking Dbetter Christinng and better minis- ters, It s investing the pulpit with charity and the pews with hopo. It shows in a very clear light that the mnn who is n Christian from physical fear is o bad Christinn, just as that man is a bad citizon who obeys the lawa beeauso lie is afraid of going to jail. Bo long ns popular education henrs its present reln- tions to religion, the public.school system is not in serious danger, Any attempt upon its integrity would be fecble and short-lived PR ENGLAND'S SOBER BECOND SUEZ TROUGHT. When Lngland woke up the morning after our Thanksgiving-Day, sbe rend in tho Lon. don 7%mes that she owned 117,000 of tho 400,000 slinres of Snez Canal stock ; that she hiad poid £4,000,000 (twenty millions of dol- Iars) cush therefor; and that she ought to re- Jolce over the bargain, Bhe accordingly did so. Since then, there has Leen a curions change in the opinion generally expressed by press and people. Several flaws have beon picked in thoe jubilant editorinl of the * Thunderer,” One of these is mntter of fact. 'The number of shares bought was 175,831, instead of 117.000. This, of course, way n gain, inns- much as England, if she owns nny shares, will find it to her intersst to Lave a mafority; the mnearer sho gets to that, the bettor. Dut the other flaws are atters of opinion, aud their discovery hns not soothed the British mind. Doy after day, the tone of the leading organs has changed. We find in the Zimes of the 2d inst. and tho Tconamist of tho 4th leading editorinle which seeru to reflect o sober, markedly sober, sec- ond thought. It begins tolook as if the pur- clinse, regarded as n commercial speculation, was a poor one, and, looked upon as a politi- enl venturo, of very uncertain value, to say the least. Tho Khedive's sharos were hawked sbout the market for somo time before England bought them. They were offered to a Syndicata of French bank- ers on time, with but s small preliminary payment, nnd with a guarantee of an ananal payment of 10 per cent on thoir par value during the nineteen yenrs beforo they draw interest. England has paid all cash, nnd gets but o G per cont guaranteo ; and even that guaranteo is a dubious ong, in view of the condition of Egyptian fiuances, Agnin, tho exact commercial powers of En. glaud over the Conal are by no menns cor- tnin, By an ingenlous systom of financiering, the big dilch has been covered with different sorts of shares, until tho series aro as inex- tricably taugled up ns those of the Erie Rail- rond. According to one nuthority, England can nover enst more than ten votes, no mat- ter how many sharos she holds. Tho T'imes fraukly admits that tho commercial advantages of tho purchaso have been over. estimated. It still, howevor, oxtols the bar- gain on political grouuds, although it says: “ The current of foreign opinion lias changed its charaoter within the last dzy or two, Wo henr of some uneasinesy and o good deal of jealonsy. The French Radicals fanoy we have stolen & march on their country. A semi-officinl organ of German opinion b trays o little restlossnoss and irritntion. The samo feeling is exprossed in o sharper form by somo of the Austrinn prints, which are supposcd to spoak in the name of the Gov- orument. 'That Russia will se0 many objec- tions is obvious,” The IKconomist goes even forther than this. It round- ly condemns tho purchase, from =n commercial point of viow, saying that the English Government would be botter off withont the shares than with them, and that English commerce will bo no gainer by the transfer. It declares that * the financinl ond commercial consequonces of this bargain are disadvantagos to bo deducted from its politi- cnl ndvantages,” rnd it then goos on to show that the latter, if they exist at all, oro not ¢ worth £4,000,000, together with tho joak ousy of France and the necossity of interfe r. ing in Egypt.” The Kconomist ealls upoa’the Ainistry to explain the why and whet foro of the purchase forthwith, and tha '7%imes warns Drsnarer that he must be x¢'ady for warm opposition when Parlinment o ;nvenes, STUART MILL A8 A S0CIA’_IST, Among tho reviewa published Fu T Tai- use of Baturday, was one upon a volwne which contains tho latest ew.ays of Jouw Sruany Mix, It shows thrt ho took ad- vanaed sooinlistic ground b foro his douth in reforence to the subjeet—Ily.nd—which forms the basis of all radical soclalist schemes. The views ho advocates would ultimately end in the passage of every footof Lnglish soil into the direct ownerlip of the intangible somothing called ** the State,” to bo used by it in ncrordence with Bayrmaw's formula of the aln of good government—the greatest happiness of the greatest number. A member of Mr, Distarur’s Cabinot added to this phraso in a publicspeoch, a fow waocks &go, and wade it rond, * 'The greatest hap- pinoss of the greatost numbor, as far s con- slstent with the rights of tho fow.” My tejects tho limiting clause, In the philasophy of his later yeary, the *‘fow” have no rights that conflict with the groatest Lappineas of the “many.” Now that the roge for grantivyg millions of neres of our public domain to grasping monopolies hos passed away, ‘despite the efforts of railway- jobbers to lieop it in full forco, thore is small dangrr of the growth of socialist bo- Liefs in regard to land in this country, but it is an ing’ ructive fact that the enormous in- crense of these boliefs in England is due simpl'y to the wrongs inflicted Dby tho landed fows, who sat in Parlinment, upon the landless mv.ny, who starved outside,—out in the wet, ) to speak. The land system once commeon to tho Aryan race, and still prevalent in parts of Hindostan and Russia, used to Do that of En. glond, Sir Hexny Mame's “Villago Com- wunitioa” gives all.suflicient proof of thiy, The land of each village com- munity was divided into thren parts,—the “Mark"” of the village, the Common Murk or waste, grazing land, where cattle fod and firewood was cut, and the Arable Mark, or cultivated aven. ** The community inhabited the village, held the Common Mark in mized ownership, and cultivated tha Arsble Mark in lots appropriated [from year to year] to the soveral families,” By dogrees, fimt tho Village Mark, and then, more slowly, the Argble Mark, changed their nature. The temporary divisions were made permanent. Gradually, the *“lord of the mance” appeared on tho scens. First by force, thua by fraud, ho became possossed of the coll potive rights of the community,” And thas, leaving out some lnks in the whain, for the . sake of brevity, we ocome to the time when the landfords made the laws ond the landless obeyed them. The Normans bave ocinquered En. gland, and Paslisment sits at ‘Westmini ‘The era of great fraud begina. The laud. owners are subject to mauy. irkeome, per. sonul, end pesuniary dutles, “Fhiey treo them. selves from these, In tho reign of, Unancas I, and vote the Crown in licu of. such dues an exciso tax on heer, ono of tha gront necessi- ties and luxuries of the landdess many ! 'Tho Revolution of 1488, which was & yevolt of the towns ngainat the countyy™ gontry, led to an imposition of n laud-tnx of s, in the £1 of computed rent. 'Tha lundlords promptly valued tho land themselves, #o that they probably did not exnggernte its rental, nnd that voluation, mude neerly two centuries gince, has never Leen ehauged, * so that,” according to MrLy, 'the nominnl 4s. does not exceed a real s, while on f(he vast town properties which have bieen created hy the extension of building, it is often only fraction of n penny.” 'F'hia wus but the first move in tho giant gamo of frraid. "The next was—and fs—the iuclosure of commons. ‘Ihieso commons aro {he remnants of the old Comon Marks, Every yearn bill is intro- duced into Parlinment landing ¢ thousauds of acros” of the caramons over to private hands, and theso hands aro those of the rich, not of the poor. This bill is always passed. Tt is simplo robbery. ¢ Thoe stealing, oupho- mistically termed the inclosure of com- mone," ig what Mirn callait. Is it strange that the tonant masses of England, remem- Loring that all England once belonged to their ancestors,, knowing that it wos wrong- fully talten s1ray, secing the poor remnants of their land Tegally stolon from thew, year by yenr, by titled thieves, should turn to the socinlisms 1hint promises them their own ? They argue, 2s a class, that England was once their land ; that might, not right, hos made it the property of 80,000 people; and that what has been onco should be ngain, The 80,000 have ono sure defense. If they will but create the old class of yeomanry by in- trodacing peasnmt-proprictorship upon En- glish goil, they will mako it the sclf-intercst of o many people to maintnin tho system of privato ownership of land that thot system cannot Lo overthrown. But, if they continuo to refuse in the future, as thqy have in the pest, to tiy this one means of defenso, they will rush hiindly to their own destraction, ond their children will see trinmphant social- ism turning the Stato into an instrument, not, to protect, but to destroy, private ownership of Iand. A RUBSIAN VIEW OF THE TURKI(SH QUEYTION, Gon, ToNATIEPF, Ove of the nblest and most ekillful of Russian d.iplomatists, who was ro.. cently invited by tre Sultan himeelf to acon. ference upon 'Tarkish affairs, has inspired 'n very remnrkable Tetter to the London Z'imia upon the hopelersness of Turkoy's endeaver to quell the Hxrzegovinian revolt, and e equal hopelessness of Turkish reforms. 1 ae lettery however, is not more remnrkable tb an the editorinl commuents upon it in thee:ol. uzans of tho 7%mas, which reflect the indif fer- enca of Engand to the fato of Turkwy, in whose behalf, but a few yoars ngo, skm took up arms against Russia. In his interview with the spceinl correspondent of tha 7Ymes, TunaTiery spoke out frankly what other diplomats are whispering to themselves, nomely, €hat Turkish reform is an impos- sibility, Ho contonded that, upon the eva of the Crimean war, Turkey -was going to pieces, nlthough the proccsa was slower than now, and that, although the Czur failed for the time in that war, it only hastoned the ond, aud now the Ottoman Eunpire is going to pioces £o fnst that even Rnssfia is a littlo slarmed o, the rate. ‘The Saltnn's reforms have onky turned ont to o words. The Rayshs are discontented, two-of°the provinces are in ‘open revolt, aud tho otliers only nced encorragement to follow. T'no Courts, the Civi'; Bervice, tho army, and, police are tod fer ble to keep the peace. Lo completo ber w rotchddness, Turkoy has borrowed two *nundred millions of money, flung the money away, and repaid her credllors with barren pronuges. Upon the subjest of reform, Gen. Ionatiere oddressed tio following bold words to the Sulton : Can you prevent your Hlars from communfog with tho Austrian Klava, from exchangiug thelr {dean, e- ciprocating thelr sympatifies, nnd indulglme thete common ssplrtions? The terms on which Austri tbases ber sway are politleal, roligious, ard woclal cquality, Do you think your Obriatian snbjeots will lotg submit to 4ee thelr most sacrod rightn trampled upon by your Muesulmans? And do you thdnk your nelglibors’ subjecta will loug bo restratned from vindi« cating those rights in their oppreased brethrea's bo- Lalf After having related the substantial points of the interview betweon limsolf and the Suoltan to tho Times correspondent, Gon, IonaTizry draw n grophio pictare of the actual condition of Turkey. The Turks, ho Bnys, came into Europo ss a garrison, and thoy have always remained so. They have never shown any capsoity for nssimilating theirideas with those of tho people whom they have conquered, sud the morment thoy ceaso to command and oppress, that moment they begin to disappenr. ‘Their Christien subjects hate thom so bitterly that the l'urks dare not allow them to learn the use of arms, They dare not put Christian evidence on the sama lovel with Mahomedan. Ohristian roogis- trates cannot havo the same power as Ma- homedan, and Christian soldiers aro given 10 commands in the Turkisk army, Eiven if the Bultan were to command real equoality, neither the Ministers, nor the offiein'ls, nor the land-owners, wonld obay it. With. regard 10 tho duties of the Great Powers under such cironmstances as thoss, Gen, IcuATIFF npeaks with equal boldnoss and friinkness. Ho affirms that the Turkish troops caunot put down the rebels, nor can the rebe s defeat the troops, and, whilo Ruesla might procipi- tato the whole Empire into revolt Iy letting looge Montenogro and Servin, she wiould pre- for to walt in thé Lope that evonts may solve tho perplexitios of statemmanship , and the Pimes correspondont adds to this ¢ tatement : #Russia as little wishen that {he rebels ghould be crushed as that they should sprond rovolt too far and {ko soom, Sho daro mnot Lolp the tiultan to put down a rebellion of mon belonging 10 hier own race, and professing her own re. ligion. Bhe knows, also, that Turkish re. forms would be amere mockery, mid only lond to another rising.” The nalural outlet of escape from thewe complications v ovi- dently the intervention of one ormore of the Christian Powers for purposes of police, and for this result the English people are wait- ing with an esger impationoco, which fur- nishes n startling contrast with their notion but a few years #go, when they rushed to arms in a long and bloody contest to pre- serve Turkey from partition, She is now by her sction inviting this very resnlt, and quietly but peniistontly urging on tlie other Powers to step in and interposs in Liehalf of the Insurgents, not from any love for them or the Christian religion which they represent, but thst she may yacover the two hundred millions: which are now alipping out of her bands, ind can never be recovered in any other way than by the dismembermant of ‘Turkey, whic & would throw the rosponsibility of the ol sUgation upen the other Powers, or, in leu | thersof, tliat she say seoure tha proteotorsts i Egypt, ] — the control of the Buoz Canal, av.d an opem ronte to Asin, thus solving one prart nt lean of tho nuch-vexed problem of the Fastern «uestion. 'Tho inlervention of England ia the Crinienn war was 8 costly blunder; ta ropair it, Turkay must be parti tioned, and foy that rosult England wails impr itiently. A leading firm in Manches tor, England, iu advertising Americrn cotton cloths largely, It clnimn that thoy excel I nglish goods Le. cenuso they nre paado of go nuina colton, are uot weighted wiith stiffenir ig and filling, ané will wash and wenr we Il. Manufacturers greed Jind Jod to the use ¢,f rotten thread and of chalk and ne edloss qv nutities of starch, se that one-third cf the v eight of mony Man chester cattons is cov ipoted of theso suls stances, ‘Choy vanisb. when the cloth pags itw firut visit to the ‘wnshiub, and the mate rinl is thercaftor noarly worthloss, ‘The ex. porta from New Yorck and Boston to Man. chestor aro steadily increasing. ‘The goods aro montly reshipprd from Manchester to China and, South f\merica, on nccount of their su porior «punlity, Very fow of them enter tho English market directly, This, ho wever, is n romarkable state of things. When wo have got back to o sound currency * nod o reve nue tarilf, with raw mo. terials 0 n the free Yist, weo will dounbtless ox. port dir eetly to Clrina, Japan, and Brazil, ue wo user { to do, and will make Munuchester the depot « if distribution for our cottons in the Dritisb : Tsles and on the Continent. 'T'he fol. lowiny j table showa the exports of packages of sh wetings, ete., from Now York and Bos. ton, + during the last six years: 1870, 7V fith good currency and a properly ndjusts ed tariff, more than half the raw cotlon whch is now exported would bo sent abroad in o manufacturod shape, and yielding twice th.s momey that is now obtained therofrowm. et ¢OPHISHS IN CURRENOY AND FINANGE EX. POSED, To the Fditer o The Chirana Tribune < Oit1caao, Das, 18, —=Tay. TiiuuNe has soveral tine asked n queatien for the * Indejandents” to unswon clafmbng tlst ¢hey could not anewer it, ond, until they could, that Wt waa 10 hops for their theories Since the questton waa firxt asked thore Lave spponred somo half-doze 0 columna of nnanccessinl at'amptn ic auswerit, 1f you will now give mo fhreo or fom Inclies of ‘Bpuna T will answer it, not becauso I caro for orholieve in theeo theorics, but simply to get it out of thio way. ‘Tho question fa, #1¢ gold redemption {3 oponly abandouo I, even it tnoory, a0 thit the broker will not give gold_for greonbueks, hiow are we to purchasy gouds from forelqu countries?” Trecisely an wa vurchaso tham mow, by weiling our whesl, cugese, coton, elc., and letting them pay foz tho goo:ls W3 purchan i fur ax thoy will 4o und paying ihe balanco in gold and wilver, Liut liow are wo 10 gt th o gold if thu * brokors * rufiea to plve 1110 oxchungo e greeubacks T 1y niiering them roun tiaing clse A€ wu_hive nuytulog eine, bub 3 wo have notbing that thoy will gvo gold for'wa can dig it out of the yround s we uro dofng ell the time. 1713 whiould uppen that wa had no wheat. cloth, or sugar to give the inimira to induco thom Lo dig th gold o to give the Lruitces whica would tem)t (hom 10 part with 11, then wa_ would bave tu m-nigo gome_way fa make dur nxponia La suce our Importa. (Hlow 1) Tuns would nuke u rch an T understaud by kenping the « budonce of tr.alo” in onr favor! [If we export more property than we fmport we impoveilsh ourselver.— En.] It wouldwerluinly micy us rich o keep ail ang guld sud miver at home, fund do_without tea, calfs, uplces, druge, dye-stulle, j=thiat 1o, 1 1t §s true that 10 1 weulth aceording o tlie theory of some of {hi mxnchl sages. [1t is certatnly woalth ns o purclesiug ugent accurding to ol vzeeut f00'e.—Lm,) Uf course, suy aad evers kiud of cucrency, i ordey to Lug afuit, ust Lo ezchanyeably with gold snd overy other Mind of property, {Nol exchaneibla al par uuloen Tedeomablo by (o saaker.—Lp.) It fen inathawatical uxiom that It two guaniitios ure equal t¢ athird quantity, ey ace oqual to each ather, uol it i loglealis, It not twathematicatiy, true thal, if twa things :ave power lo purchnan o third thing fu o frea market, they will Le exchanzeable with vach other, At long us grecnbacks will pirchase wheat [but tley dou't at? par], and wheat will purciaxe gold, green- Uacks will purchess gold, ~{Tho solbiam hete i i nssumiin ¢ thut gre.nbucks Lavo par-purchusing power, ‘whou thily bavo only 86 per cent of it, aud uext week may uot Lavo (0 per cent,—En,) Whit gives greens Lucka vul'to {a thot pooplo are williuit ta kive sarvicu for them (No; thv value ia tooasured by what pet cout of gehd the brokers will give for thom,—ED.] Tho tan_who gives wheat for gécenbacks doos a much to z1ve themn valus a8 the sman who gives guld, [But If & bushel of wheat {8 wortl a dollar 4n gold, La will only ¢ Ivo part of & bualiel for a grecnback doller, —Ep,] \eaaeat does mot Indicata tho fluctuationd v accurately 1vs gold, but it does ra tuch towsrda giving thera vatite, When_ peoplo cotws to give mervices fol greeubacka from Whatevet cause, they will lose thelt power to purchaso eversthing cic sa woll ul jold, [They gise 80 per cent ms much soreicw now as for - gold—ED) ‘Thoy probably woul never bavo Lad aiig power to pay debta i peopls s 1ot taken the i, na u rule, wiiligly, (Tho lavw slons givea thom power 10 oy debta,—ED.]" The fact thar the Lugul-Touder law had been acquisscod fn without Tosistance by the masa of the people wan probably what cauned e courts to decide in its favor(d), Chirf-Justice CUSE ucknowlediged that as o very lm- portant fuct, aithough b was for upmetting tho L. “That Tng Triucws: ehould hold that 12 fs necesanry (o buy gold of the brokera witn areenbacks n order tc purchise forsigu oods, or that anything can bo dont 1o the greenbocks which would oake it imposaihlo, ue even duconvenient, to make such purchases, fs wute prisiug to e, (Tior TArUNE shonld not be' held ro: wpagutblo, for, your fguorancu.—En,] You might st well say that, if lnborera shiould atob giving scrvicel for greenbacks, the supply of gold would be eut ol ax thore would 'bo nothing to pay the nijvers with {01 Qigiing it (8o thoy would stop if tho brakers refuset to givoauy pricoin gold for them.—En,] 1t is ki {he Cluctanall papor which wanled mors greenbcks fasued to *suit the wauts of trade,” snd when {6 wat urgud that any bank could increaso it circulation by deponiting bonds for vecurity, replled —that they « Ledn't money onough to buy the bonds with.” Augaiao, 1t is obyions that ** Amerigo " begs the wholv queation. e simply assumes that the farmors will exchango thoir whoat, cottou, cheose, etes at par In guld for greonbacks, aftor the theory of redemption i gold shall have boen aban- doned. Of coarae they will do no such thing, ‘They do not liko to do_this now, They only give sevon-eightha of & dollar's worth of wheat, carn, cattle, cotton, ote,, for s greenback dollar, Decause a greenback dollar is only worth soven. eighthe of & gold dollar, If & groanback dollae were only worth onc-olghthi of & gold dollar, it would only buy one-aighth &8 much wheat, corn, or cotton. If the declaration be made that greonbacks ehall nover be rodeemed In gold, not only will the brokers rofuse to buy tham at any vrice after prosent debia uro paid, but they will not bo received by tho farmern or any othoy ulnas of peoplo in exchange for any valusble commodity. If “Awmorigo” moans that we alisll rolapso futo moers barter, snd send forly busbelt of wheat or eaventy-five bushels of corn over t¢ Frauce whouever & farmer's wife wants & sild dress, then he abandons all theory of money au¢ roturns to tho barbarian's berter aye- tem. Dut ho would flnd tuat this would mot work, for the forelgn countries from which we buy most—Cubs, Chins, Drazil, Japan, Fragce—do not buy in equal proportion from n#,—some of thom scurcely a tenth as much. What we buy from them iu oxcess of what w8 soud them in products must be paid for a gold and nol groenbacks or moy other irredosmblo ourrency. When the brokera coaus to glve gold for groenbacks, a4 they will when greenbscky are doolared to ba absolutoly irredeenfable in gold, then whero aro our wmerchants to got the gold with which to huyif they bave takon Eroce backs for thelr old mtock? **Amerigo™ hw falled to anower the question ag much as any V4 the other ** groenbsckers™ who hsve tried thuit hands stit. He may just as well clinb down #' once s later, A currency tuat is not rodeemed 1y the leaner must fal! lnto a discount when thore who Liave It want to convert it fuw gotd for sit parposa, Itcan maver be worth more thauti gold speculators will give tho merchants tourista for it, and shat price will bo foreis! fluctustiug up sud down. Thero s but out remedy for this Injurious and disgracefal stats of thinge, vis.: the Goveroment must redeam it notes in coustitutional money, and If it casact then lot it fund and yelire them. Mr. W. M. Roszzrr's story in regand to Lt death of BurrLxy, which was at firss recelvel with some fncredulity, has since taken on an Bif of probability. Iu s subsequent lotter to theLow don Academy, Mr, Kovetr: quotes from auud- ber of writors whio had spocial moans of aseir talniug the facte in the case; and e sbows tuat, svon at the time, thare ware soma who balieved tha Saxsiumr's bosh wae riua down by & felok s