Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, December 4, 1875, Page 3

e —————————— e DEATH geme of ihe ters o ON THE RAIL, Fearful nallwny-l)ls:_\s- [ the Last Twenty Years, A Thrillingly-Interesting Pa- per by Charles Fran- cis Adams, Jr. Tho Ahergelo, New-famhurg, Claybridge- Lane, Norwalk, Des-Jardines-Canal, Port Jervis, Car's-Rock, and [lelmshere Ca- fustrophes, The Causes of Their Gccurrence...De- feots Senilta Thoy in Management and Mechanics. Havo Produced in & Pore manently-Increased Salfoty of Travel. fharles Framels Adame, Jr., in the Atlantie Monthly Jor Dicermber. The record of raiiroal lorrors in the moat aggravated form bogzan at Versatlles on the 8th of M 1842; and doubtless itis destined to s Indefinito continuance. Binco then it has gometimos seemed a3 though locomotives had momad or wero indulging u a very carnival of (disnsters, 60 rapidly Liss ono catastroplhs troddon n the Loals of another, Fogiaud thoir wioned 50 much At Josst twloe in frequent oceurrouco hus acca- public nueasiness a8 to load to circulors addreased to tho corporations, in one csz0 by tho Queon hersclf, and in tho othor by {ho Government aard of Trado, of » atrikingly through the Dresident of tho An w rule, thene accidonts wero nimilar deseription, and a dry chronological enumeration of them would bo peither profitable nor instnitctive, Thero are, howevor, tho af them which are very momora- ble; eomo bocauso of dramatio featuros fn their ecorronce, others bocauss of the results which they produced io & pormanently-increased safety of travel. Thos tereat, althongh o aro pot without a lesting in- it iy almost startling to soe how won aod Liow completoly thoy aro forgotten. For instance, who now romembers oven the pame of the Abergolo dianstor 7 And yot it oc~ carred but sovon years since, and it wonld not boeaey to conceive anything more striking and terribly deamiatic than those incidents connecteq vith it which cansod all Eogland for & space to think sad spoak THE of votling else. ABERGELE ACCIDENT. The Irish mail is o famous train in England, Leaviog London at shottly after 7 a, m., it was timed in 1803 to mako the distance to Chester, 18 miles, in four hours nnd cighteen minuts {rom Cheater to Holyhead 1a 85 miles, for run- miog which the space of 125 minutes waa allowed. Abergelois a polut on tha sea-voast in tho north of TWales, nearly midway botween thees two placos, On the 20th of August, 1868, tho Irish madl left Cheeler a8 usnal l. It was made up of thirtoon aarrisges in all, which wers occupied, as the care risges of that train usually wore, by a large num. ‘ber of persons whoso names at loast wero widely foown, Among these, on this yarlicular occa- tion, wero tha Duchoss of Aborcorn, wife of the {en Lord-Lioutopant of Irelaud, with five children. Undor tho London & Northwestern 2 Tott meals of Eod, or, poods-train, Lafore tne mat, t Lianddulas, TAsE. s the of some 60 feat. Absrgele, From Abes track ascend the rumiing arrange- it ls thoro calied, o Chestor half-an-bour and was placed upon the siding ntation about o mils and & balf to allow the mall rgale to Llanddu- by ® gradient to tho mile. Oa tho day of the aceident, it cuanced tliat certain wogons botween tleengmne and tho rear cud of the goods-train hdio bo taken out to Lo left at Linuddutas, wd, in doing this, it becama necousary to sope ante tho traln and to loave flvo or eix of tho laat cams fn it slanding on the tracks of the mafn lne, whule thoso which wora to bo left were backed o toa eiding. Tho employo whose duty it was to bave duno ro ngglected " to sat thy brakes on tba wagona thus left standing, and consoquont- Ir, whou the engino aud tha rest of tho train ro- taroed for thotn, the moment they wore touchad, tod befars & coupling could be elfocted, the jar ! them in motiou down the incline towards Abergele, ‘Ihoy statted o slowly that o hrake- a0 of {] aieh and stop train rau after thow, fullyexpecting to them ; but, aa thoy went down W8 grade, they goon outstripped him, and it beeano clear :En'. thero was pnothlng to cliock uutit they should meot mfl, then almost duo, the Irish 1t also chanced that the «s lhus laosonod waro al-cars, Tho track of tho Northwostorn Rond between xmuele aud L 9 picturerquo tba soath, 'Rxlle A vids oxpaves of sca. anddulus 1ans elong thoe sidos of Welsts bitls, which riee up to to the north there alretches out ‘The mail-train waa dirtlug the buils and laboring up the grade at a ;fitd of some g 0 nulcs an hour, when its en. cer guddenly porccived tho loose wagons tmig down npon it around tho curve, and then bat & fow yards off, Booig that they wore h&m" Lo almost inatinctively sprang from biy motive, and was thrown down by toe impe- ud rolled to the side of the road-bod. Piek- Inmuelf up, bralsed but not seriously burt, 5 waw that th colsion had already tukon 408, that tho toudor had ridden directly over [ hn;:fm“‘ that the collding cars wero demol- sud that tho foromost oarringea of tho U0 wero aircedly an fire. Runuin 1h6 tesr of tho traln, b succcedod quickly to - unconp- 8 4t curfagos and & van, which wero diawn ::ly from tho rest, Lofors tho flumes exteuded thew, Ly an ::.lol‘mwlmg‘ the train. Utterly destroyed, e Abergal Luthe recuyy of Miggle, n MUTTY mllunm; ‘Ihe 1 oogina which moat fortunately All the other carringes and ovory porson in them wan prabably & solitsry instanco, ruilroad-accidents, in which but Tvivor austalnod sny infury, Thora . 1t was death or ontiro eacapa, collisiou waw not & prrileularly-severo ous, 1o tho engine alad (hat, at () an vero 'aul) ‘V‘lh:l\;onuunu o Wikt ol Lo collision sook place, er of (o mal-train espacially e moment it oconrred, the looss moving so wlowlv that ho would from bis engine hnd Lie not seon toadod with oit, Tho very in- Liowover, the fuid flmd %o iguite aud to tlash aloug the train like btuing, a0 thut iz was impoasibla to spproach P EATike when ouce it cuught fire. fuy thut tho oll h“m"’""d upon 8 lirs o] The fu vast quantities the rack and igpited [ tho locomotive, and then Iy l"flr&omu of tho mail-train_forced all of “Ming carrlages into the denso mass of :fiuln and flame. eacurrad in pouitively stating thal not s cry, $0r 8 moun, nor > All thosa who wero present & sound of any description, was ™ fron {ho butalug carrisyes, nor did any falu thesn wppmently mako au offort to e in:"""" {'{ My aud e D) lortungtery g4y TeAz carri, Braphic deacription of this extraor- torribla 0 Marqous of uko of Abe: catastropha was that given Haumtlton, tho cldest uon of reort, whoeo wilo and fuuuly, themuolves, occapied oue of BL8 which wale unshiacklod and ;:fd' lmu accoust the Marquis of Hamilton v s thock Eieut 1oy wighing, 50 Rimiags, ‘when & :r My Jbe Xt o 24 tho engig Pesta of gy Yatho worl; of ey the lumn‘:n contiagration, Kant bofors (b atsoc W thyy Vtag iuzlll“. I UruRgie 10 sgcy; LY m;upmn in g w, Leg lh;:i Wieogoni—g by whole of tho threo 2ud spreading out tricken avory ono '8 some dogres regaverc o 8108 regaverce @ siartled by a collision sud a Which, thougls nov very sovero, woro suf- ever: mucdlately jumped outof tho one agsinst his opposito Jearful wighy met wy view, Als passengors' front of - ours, the vane, 8, woro enveoloped ln dense aud smoke, rising fally 20 foet in every direction. It 4 lustant. No'words cau cou- Deous nature of the explosion I bad aotually got out ale k of the colliviou was over, i spuciacle which alieady pre- Not a suund, not o gcream, not a sort, D8, not & niovoment of nu{ o b was doomed carriages. UBL en clectrio flasl had At ouce paralyzed 8o piehe from their Bat g ] O008 Oruation, i was imsgiued 8 carrloges wera dostitute'of 0p6 ¥oou changed {uto fealluge, of horror, when tholr conwnta of oharred and mutinted remaiun wore discoverad nn liour nflorward, From the oxtont, how- ovor, of tha flames, th nud.dennesn of the conflapration, and the ahavuco of eny power Lo extricalo themaolves, no human aid would have hoou of any assintanco ta thy - fororw, who, (1 all probability, wore instantans- ously suffeeatod by the biack and fotid smokn poculiar to |Jurnnfl1m which rose in volumes sround the spreadingg fiamos." Though tiio collision took placo bofora 1 o'clock, fn #pito of the offorts of n large uang ol men who woro ktpt throwing wator ou the track, {bo porfect nen of flams which covered the lino for a distanco of some 4i) or K0 varda could ot ba extiugaished until nearly & o'clock in tho evaning; for the potrotoam hiad fowed doan into the ballasting of tha rond, and the Tila themsolven woro red-hot. It vas, thera- foro, wmall uceasion for surpriso that whon tho lire was at Iast gotten nuder, tho rowniun of thosa who lost their lives wero in somo casen whotly undislinguisbable, aud in others almost N0, Among tho thiity-three viotims of the dis- grter the body of no single ono rotaluod nuy traces of individualily ; the faces of nll wero wholly destroyed, and in no caso wers thiere found foet or logs, or anything at oll ap- proaching to a porfet hend, Ton cotpses wers 1lually idontified as thoss of malos, and thirteen &8 thoso of femaler, winlo the rex of tan othors cauld nat bodetermined, 'I'ho body of one pag- ronger, Lord Farntam. was identified by tho crent on hin watch: and, indaod, no lettor oyi- denco of tho woatth and social position of the vietimn of this aceiduut could have Luen asked for Lhan the colleetion of articlen found on its wite. It included dimnonds of great wize and sinpular brillinney, rubles, opals, cneraidn, gold tops of smelling-hottles, Lwenty-four wa. of which but Lo or three wero not gold, chains, closps of Lags, aud very many bundies of kava, Of these, tho diamonds atuns lind succosstully resinted the intonro hoat of tho finme ; the sei- tinws wero nearly all dostroyed, Of the causes of this accidont Iittlo noed or can Lo eaid. No buman applisuces, uo more inge. ulous brakes or incieasod strougth of conntriic- tion, could hiave averted 1t or wuided off 1l8 can- soquances onco it was inovitable, It was occa- eioned primarily by two tiogs, the most danger- Gud atd tho most dilicult to reach of the many sources of danger against which tlioso maunging railronds bave unsleopingly to uuntondL A B0 what dofcetiva discipline, nggravated by a littlo vot uunaturel carclessnosg, Aho rule’ of the company Va8 specitic, that all the wagons of ev- ery goods-train should be out of the way and tho track cloar at lenst ten minutes beforo o hassena ger-train was due: bud in thin caso shuuting was going activoly ou whon the Irish mail was withiti o milo aud'a balf. A carcloss brakeman then forgot for unce that bo was loaving bis wagons etanding ¢loso to the hoad of an incimo; o blow in cuuxllug. a liitlo hoavior perhapy than uanal, sufliced to sot them *{n motion ; and they Liappened to bo loaded with ofl. Lehiud all this, however, thers wan apparent a grave and radical dotect tn tho coustruction of tuo road or tho arrangement of its sidings, in that the station at Llanddulas was placed upon an incline ot all. As will hoieafter be naen, thia Jractice on tho part of thaso laying out railiosds ias Loeu tho cause of frequont disuster, aud must continue to bo so as long ns it oxists, Lvery ongincer koows perfectly well stat tho angie of oquilibrium is; aud to ostablish xid- ings, or to Linbitually permit shunting, wiero that auglo is cxceoded ot the head of au incline, 15 simply to insure, soon or late, a disaster, TUE NEW-HAMDURG DISASTER A catastropho strilungly sunilar (o that ot Aborgole befell an expros train on the Hudson River Itnilroad. upon the night of the Gth of Tobruary, 1871, The weather, for n number of dn{s precediug the accident, had beon unusanity cold; and 1t is to tho muffering of employes inci- dent to cxposure, and tho consequont neglect of procautions on part, that nccidenty are po- culiarly due. On thjs night a freight-tiain was going south, all thoso in charge of which woio sheltoring ihomwolves, during a stoady ruu, in tho csbuose-var at its rear cod, Buddenly, waen near o bridgo over Wappinger's Creek, not far from Now Hamburg, they discov- erod thal a car w the centra of the train was off tho track. Tho train was tinally stopped on tho bridgs ; but, fu stopping it, o:hor cars wern niso dorailod, and ono of thoso, boarinz on it two larga ofl-hn}m. finally rested obliquely acroas the bridge with one oud profecting over tho up track, 1nrdly bad the disabled tinin been brought to n standslill, when, Lefore sigunl- Inuterna could, fu the confusion incident to the d.sautor, bo sout out, the Pacifio cxpiess from Now York, which was a liulu behiud its time, camo rapidly olong. As it approachod fthe budgo, ita engiucer saw o red lantern swung, snd 1stantiv gavo the signalto soply tho brakea, Tt was too lats to avoid the collision ; but what cnsaed bad in i, ®0 far as {ho enginoer was concornod, nn clement of tho horoic, which his compaoios, the fireman of the ougine, afterwards desciibed on tho wite ness-stand with 8 dirtetness ovd eimplic- ity ot languago which excoeded all art. ‘I'he onginecr’s nasio was Bimmons, snd Lo was fomibierly known ameng bis companions ns +Doc.”” '1ia fireman, Nicholns Tallon, aleo naw the red light swing on tho bridge, and calied out to bim that tho diaw was open. Iu reply, Sim- mons told him to spriog the patent brako, which he did, sud by this timo thay weie alougside of, the losomotive of the disabled train and runung With » somewhat sinckeued spoed, Tallon had now got unc upon tho atep qf the locomotive, {:"p"“a“ to upn’ufimfl off, and, turning, asked is compavion if be also proposed to do the same: *“Doc looked around at me, but made 0o raply, sud thea lookod ahuad again, watooing bin business ; thon 1 jumped and rolled down on tho ice in the creek; tho next I kusw I hoard tho crash and saw tho firo and smoko,” The pext gaw of * Doc” Simmoue, Lo was draggod ub duys aftorivards from ander his locomotive at tbe hottom of the river. But it was a good way todio, llo wout out of the world and of tue sight of men with his land on the lsver, makir:r no reply to tho muggostion that ho should loave his post, but ** looking ahoad and watchiog hias busiuees.” Dauto himeoif could not Lave imaginod a greater complication of Liorrors than then on- sued ; Hquld tire and _solid frost cnmbived to make tho work of destruction perfect. Tho shock of tla collislon broke in precas tho ofl-car, ignitlng ita contents aud flinging them about la every direction. In an inetaut, bridgs, river, locomotivs, cary, and the glittoring wurface of tho ice, wero wranpod fo & bhaot of flamo ; ut thy samo timo, thio straio proved too grent for the” treutlo-work, wlich Enm WY, precipitating the locomotuvo, tender, bagganu-cais, and ona pas- Houger-car, On to the ive, through which they jue stantly crushed and mank deap out of sight” bo. neatt the wator, Of the remaining seyap coru of the passenger-train, two, benldes seboral of the froight-train, were deatroyod by fire, and shortly, a8 tho supuorts of tho remaining por- tious of tho Lridgs burncd away, tho supuratruo- ture foll on tho hali-suomerged traws sud buried it from view. Twenty-ono persona loat tlheir lives in this disnster, and a Iargo number of ottry were in- Jured; but tho loss of lifs, it will be notioad, was only bwo-thirds of that at Abergolo. Tho New-Hamburg catastrophs also diffared from that at Abergolo tn that, wnder ila particalar cly- cuwstances, it was far wmore proventable, aud, tudeed, with the appliances siuce brought into use, 1t would surely Lave boeu avoided, ‘Tho modein traln-brake had, howovor, uot then boen periccted, o that evon the hundrod rods as which tho aignal was seou did not afford a suf- ficiont wpace in whick to atop the trafu, Under any oircumetanoss, however, it in difficnls to sos how 1t s posaible to ard agalust contingencion liko those ot oither Aborgela or New [famburg, At tho time, a4 Ia ususl iu_such éanos, the public indiguation expended iwell 10 vague denuncis- tion of the HMudson River Nailroad Company, becauss tho disaster happened to take place upon a bridge in whioh thero was ® draw to adwmit the passage of vessels, Thoro soemed (0 be a vaguo but very gonaral impression that draw-bridges wore daugerons things, and, use other accideuts dus ta dife foreut causes had happened upon them, that this aocident, from whatever cause, was in itsell sufliclont evidonoo of grosa carclessnoss, 1he faut was, thet oot even the clumsy Connccticut rule, which cumpels tho stoppiug of all tralns before entering oo any draw-bidgo, would havo suflicod to avort the New Hamburg disastur, for the 1iver waa theu frogon aud tho draw was not in use, 8o that, for the time bemg, the briags waa au orditary brideo ; and not even in |En frenzy of crude suggestions which invariably succeods cacli new acoident was any ona ever found 1gnorant enough 10 suggost tho BLOPPILK of oll treins Lefore entaring upon overy bridge, whiok, s railrosds generlly folow waler- courseos, would not infrequently nocessitato sa nverage of one ntop to -overy 1,000 fest or so. Oaly incidentally did tho bLiidge sl New Msmburg have angthing to do with the dissster thore, the ecasenco of which lay in the sudden deralinent of an oll-cur fu frout of rasscuger-train runving in the op- posite direction aud on tho ather track, 8! coorse, if tbe derailmont had ooetired long cuough beforo the puesonger-traiu came up to sliow tho rmpcr vigzaals 1o bo givew, ang this procaution had been veglected, thon tho disastor would bave Leon dus, uot to the origival causs, but to the defective disciptine of tho employes, Such does not appear to Lave been the vase at New Hamburg, nor was that dimaster by any means tho frst due to derzilinent and the throw- {ngof cars from owo track iu freat of o train passing upou the othor. Indeed, un sccldent hardly Joss destructive, axising from that yery eauso, Lad occurred tuly eight monthy urovious m Bagland, and voralted in rightscn deaths aud wmoroe than ity cason of jnjary, TV CLAYDUIDGE-LARY ACCTORNT, A pouletyain, medn up of s lozom- tyo and twendy-ninn waqond, was run- ning nv oA Hp of miann L0 wma'ew an hoar o thy tireat Nortnern Road, ha- tweon Nematk aud Cavpsls, about 100 miles from London, whan the turward axlo under uno of tho wagzous broke, Ana rosull of the deralle maent which eomned, tim train hocamn divided, and preseutly tha disab.ed ear wan hy'tho rmmum Lehlod it ont of i course aned over the nterval, so that it finally rosted partly seross the other track, AL just thnes moment an otone- sion-train frof1 Lotulon, mnade up of teanty- Lhreo carriugen, and eautainag rons 0 aeson- Kors, camo along nt a neaod of al:out 35 milesan hour, It was qiuto ddack, aud tha engineor of tho freight-trnin in varu waved hin arm w8 Mg- nal of dauger ; onn of tha td, also, showed & red light with his hund-autern, but his setion cituer wad Lot ween or was misunderstood, for, without any reduction of tho sp.eed being inado, tao engine'of the oxeur <don-train pinoged Tioad- long “into tho disabled goods-wagoh, Tha collislon was eo violont ns to turn tha engino meldo off the track and causs 1t to ktrike the etons pler of a brduo near by, by which it was flung completely around and then drivon up tho nlo]m of tho embaukmont, whero it tappled over like a rearing hoisa nnd fell back into the roadwar, Tho teuder ikowiso wns orarlurned, but uot 8o the cacriseon; they rished along hiolding to tha track, and the pido of each ox I pensod wan ripred and torn by tho projectingg ead of tho fruight car. Of the twonty-throe carriages and vaus in tho trato, wearcaly ono eacaped damage, whilo tho more forward ones vote u sevesal cases lif.clong on top of tho ashior or forcad partly np tho om. bankimnent, wheuce oy feil back egaia, eiushe ing the passongors houeath them, "This nccident ocentrod on tho 21at of June, 1870; it was very thoroughly investigated. by Capt, Tyler on belalt of tho Boand of Trade, with the apparont conclusion thm it was uny sshieh could Lardly have beon guarded sgaiost, The freight-car whoss broken axle oa- castoned tho disaster did not belong ta tho Great Naorthern Companv, and the wheels of tho traln had boen properly examinod by viewing aund tapping at the soveral stoppg-piaces ; the flaw which lod to tho frac- turo wns, howover, of such n nature that it ¢ould have been dotected only by the removai of tho whoel. It did uot sppear that the employes of the Company Liad boon guilly of any nogh- geuco; Lut it was diflicult to avord tho con- clusion that tho accidont was due toono of those defecta to which the results of even ths imost ]mr!uct human workmanship must over remmn imblo, and this lied revealed jtself under ex- actly those conditlons which muat fuvolve the wont disastrous consequonces. Tho English accident did, howevor, establish ong thing, if nothing olsc ; it shorod the im- moasurablo nuperiority of-tho system of 1ves- tination pursued in tho cwse of railrond-acei- dents In Eogland over that pursuod fu this countrs. There, a tramed ocxpert, aftor tho occurrence of each disnster, visites tho spot and mfis the affuir to the vory bott.in, locating respousibility, aud pointing out dis- tiuctly tho moasurcs necessary to guand against ite repctition, Hers the cnse gocs to a Cor- oner's jury, whose findings 28 a ralo admirably sugtain the aucient repulation of that sugnat tribunal. It 1s absolutely ead to follow the courss of theso investigatians, they are conducted with such aa entiro aisregard of mothod mod lead to such inadequate conclusions. Tudeed, how could it bo otherwise? ‘The same mau nevar lovostigates two accidonts, aud, for the ono {uveatigation o doos maiic, bio is compotunt ouly in his own esteom. TIE NORWALK ACCINENT, Tho raliroad at Norwalk crosses & smalt inlot of Loug Jsland Sound by means of adiaa-bridgo, which 18 approsched from the direction of New York around a shurp curve, A ball ab tho mast- baad was in 1853 the vignal that tho draw was opon and the bridge closcd to the passago of traine, The expross passcncor-train for Boston, consisting of & locowotive aud Lo bazgase and flvo passengor-cara, containing aboat 16l per- sons, left Nax Yorl:, as usual, at & o'clock tuat morning. The locomotivo was not in charge of its usual engincer. but of o substitute named ‘Tucker, & man who somo seven years hofora had been injured iu o provious colligion cn the samo road, for which ho did not'appuar to lave been in any was rosponsihlo, but who had then given up his position and gone to Californis, whenco ho had recently returnc.d, and waa now again an applicant for an engincer's situstion. 'I'uis was bis third trip over the road as substitute, In approachiug the bridgo ot Norwalk, he apparent- lew“y neglectod to look for the draw-signal, 0 was runciog his train st sbout the 1 rato of speed, und first becamo amware that tho = draw —wa1 opew when within 400 feot of it, aud after it had becomo wholly impossible to stop tho train in time. Ilo immedintely whistled for brakes' and rovorsed his engiue, and then, without setting the brakes on bis teuder, bozh o and the fireman sprang off and excaped with tritling injaries, ‘The traia at this timo did ot apposr to Lo wmoving at n #peod of over 15 miles au hour, Tho draw was G0 feet in width: thoe water, in the then state of tho tide, wasabout 12 [oct decp, and tho samo distance bolow tho level of tho bridge. Al- though tho spoed of tho train had boun materiat- ly reduced, yet, when it came to tho opnuing. it was atill moving with sufticlent imputus to send ite locomativo clean across tho Gi-foot intorval ond to cause 18 to strike the opposito abutmout about 8 feot bolow the track; 1t thoa fell Leavily to tio bottom. The teuder lodged oa top of it, bottom up sud rosting sgainut the pier, whils on top of this again was the firat baggane-car. The second bagmapo-car, which contained also a compartshent for smokers, followed, but, in falliog, was canted over to tho north side of tho draw insuch a way a8 not to bo wholly sub- merged, 80 thiat most of thoss iu it were saved. Tha firat passenger-car plunged into the opeu- ing next; its forward end was crusted in, a8 it foil ngaiugt tho baggage-car in fout of it, while ita rear end dropped into the deap water bolow; sud on top of it camo the socond pasrenger-car, barving tho pacsenpers i tho first boneath tha dobris, aud partinlly submerging itself, The succeading or third passonger-car, instead of fol- lowing the otbers, broko m two in the middte, the forward psrt hanging down over tho edge of tho draw, whilo the rear of it rested on the track snd stayed tho course of the romaindor of the train. Ivcinding thoso in the smokitg compart- mcnt, moio than 100 porsons wers plunged {uto tha chavnel, of whom forty-six lost their lives, whila soma thirty others wero more or less wo- verely injored. Tho killed wore mainly among the paxsenpers {n tho flrst cars for, in falling, the roof of tho sacond car was split open, nud it finally rosted 1n such » position that as no suc- ceadipg car camo ou top of it, mauy of thoso in it wora enabled Lo oxtricate thomselyes; indeed, more thou ono of the passengors. in falling, weroabrolutely thrown through the aperture in tho roof, aud, without auy voiltlon on their part, wore saved with un- miolstoued garmants. This teirible disaster nas dus, not alonas tothe caroleasucss of an engineor, but to tho use of a crudo and {nudequats svetem of slgnals, It g‘ huappened, howover, that the Logisluture of (Lf Htate was untortunately in gession at the time, nud consequeutly the publiv panic and indigun- L1on took shiapo in a law compelling every train on a Gonneciicat raroad 10 coms to a dead stand-utill before ontering unun any brideoe in wWhich thero was a druw. This law iastill in force, and from time to line, ay afier tho New Lamburg cstastrophie, An uureasoning olamor is rawed for ity ouactmout in other Htates, In Doint of fact, it tmpunes & moat abaurd, unnecss- sary, and annoying delay on traveling, and reste upou the Connecticut statute-book a curious fliuse tration of what usually iappens whou legislators undertako ta iucorporate runniug railrond regu- lavions into ths statutcs-st.jargo, ‘Thore is probably no sougoo of danger to which tmvel by rail is snbjeet which admits of such cortain and infallible vignating sy draws {n bridges, Tho Iden of stoppiag Le fore approaching thein is en- titled to about the same respect as would be n Pproposal 1o rocur to pioneer locomotives before &l night trams, ACCIDENTS AT DRAW-BRIDOES, ‘Tho machinory by which draws must bo work- od can be sutomatieally eonneciad with signala of slmost any dedcription st suy deired distance. Ly one meihod iu use, & caroless enginesr iy snd- denly arousod to a proper peformance of his dutics and a conscloasnoss of impending danger by tue disappearanco of the smoke-stack of bia locomotive ; by yet otbors, bis pasaing & giveu oint in dotlance of siguals sonds him oraviung Lrough a gate, aud causcs the dounding of au slavm sufliciout to aroues all but tho dead. Either of those nicthods securos a much groater degroe of watety thao a mers stopping of tralns, which, lu more thav onoinstance, bas proved a waolly luwuflicteut protection, ‘s was outlouely illustrated in tho camo of an acgident which occurred upun the Boston & Matos Rail1oad on the moruing of the 4let of November, 1862, when the early looal passenger- train was xun o the open draw of tne bm‘i’ slmast st tho cutrance to the Boston station, It 80 bappoued that tho trais bed stopped at the Chariestown station just before golng ou to the bridge, aud, ak the liae the acadeut occurred, was mneving ata speed scarcdly fsator than a oian could walk ; and yet the locumotivo way eutiraly submerged, wa iho watar at that pojul is doep, and the only thiny whivh probably saved Sbe train was, that the drow was vo varrow snd tbo cars were 60 long shat tho forcmoat one lodged uczosa the opening, and Ite forwand end quly way bouoath the water. At therate at ahioh the Loain waa 1n0ving, the rosistance thus offored an:anfilzient to slop it Ehaugll, tvan ao il was, nn fess than pix pereuna st tume lives, and » much larger number wero mora or Isas 1njurad, 1leie all tha pracantions fmpused by the (aa- nectent law wara tnken, anl rerved oniy tare- veal tho weak point fo it. Tun aceidont wan dus to the nogtect of the corpoeriiun 1a not has tho draw and s eyuten of signals inter n snch & way (hat the movemont of the aun should automatizally cause a corrorponring ovement of tha othors aud thia ney quartern mado it oseible for ¢ earolesn eaplogn to open thoe draw on a ¢t alarly datk and forgy mornlng, wulle ho foriot at the same to abile his riynals, A compuladry the intot] rond bridgas with & proper and infallible nystera mijhit. therefore, iave claims gn the constdira. tion f anintallizent Lemmiatare ; not 80 An on« ectmont which campald the ptopptng ol {raivs nt pointa whero dan " i1, Al miakes no pro- VISION 18 10Kpactu olinr pulabs whero 16 §8 groat. And vet bridge-ucadonts ainays have been, and will probably always romnw, amoms the womt o which frayal by rail is oxprsed, It wonld Lo imino=ibls for corpora- Lionn 10 take Loo great precautionsagzainet them; il {hat the procautious {akon ars tery groat 1 ronclusivoly »hovin by the fact tual, with thou- rands of bridges, mang Limensach day subjected to tha strun of the parzngo as specd of lieasy Lraiun, €0 vorv fowr disastors occur, g tars, thero are many preeautions sthish, fn tho {aco of terriblo experience. corparationy o not and will not take. For instauce, ovity radioal idgo, uut coly througnout it lat zhoat its appronchion, aboal § Liay ectod nainst po-aible derailuent. exeeption s not tho rule, hovever, thas this 1y doan, Leuwg itamunity from dieaster breedn n epacier of reckicssness even iathe mort ca tioua, and yet the mingle tnishap in o thouneny 1oust surely fali to the lot of coto vna. Muny yesis ago tho ternble reaulta whicl must soin or late by exprctad, whorover the couma- quences of o dorailment on the approachna to & brifdge are not surely guarded ntainnt, wore illwitrated by a disastar ou the Great West em Rail:ond of Caurda which combinerd inany of tha worst Lorrors of both the Nornalk nait ‘the Now Hambmig tragedies ; more recentls tho al- most forgotten lesson was enforeed agetn on the Vermont & Maseachusetls Itoarl, u; on the bridgs over tho Millor Iiver, as Athol. The aceidant last referied to occurred on tig 1th of Juno, 1570, but, thouph forcivlo enough ax & reaunder, it was tamo indced in- conpanmon with tun Deas Jaréines Canat divaster, wiich is 8!l rem < though it happened 8s long nge an Lha i7 Awreh, 1457, THE DES-TARDINEY €A The Gireat Western Ralroad he cannl by n bridga at pu elevatios feel, At the time of the accilent there were some 18 feet of water in the caual. thoagh, aa ususl fu Cannda at that woimson, it was e 1 by ice some 2 feee I thickuos., On tho afior- uoon of tho 17th of Maich, ns the lccal a modation-train from lianulton wan nextiug tio Lridgo, ita lucomotive, thuugh it was then mov- ing ot o very alow ralo of epced, was i some way thrown from the teack snd on to the imuers of the bridgo. Theso 1t ent through, and thon, faling heavily on thu string-picces. it parted them, aud justantly pitchiod hendlong on 19 the frozen surface of the cacal boluw, dragziug after it the tender, baggago-car, and twn passeuger- cars, which composed tha whole train. Tuera was pothing whatever to bteak the fsli of G feet ; and even then 2 feet of 1co ouly intrrvened botween the ruing of tho teain and tha boitom of tha canal 18 feet below, T'wo feot of solid icn will afford no contemptidlo resiManca to a (ail- ing body ; the losomotive and teuder erushed Denvily througl i, aud ustantly wauk out of wight, " In failing the bagpave-car strucka cor- nor of the tender, aud wag thus throsn some 10 ¥aras to ono gido, and wae fol owed by tho fret Passengor car, which, Lurning 3 symersault as 1t weut down, foll its roof nud was erushed to fragments,, but ouly patally hbroke through tha fce, Upon which the uexzt car fell cndwize, and rosted in that positivm. TLat overy human baing in tho firet car was olthcr ciiehed or drowusd scews mom natorsl; the ooly causo for astomshmont is fouud tn tho foct tuat any ono shoald linve survived euch a catas- trophe,—n toimblo of €9 feot on ico as Rolid ns a rack! Yet, of tour perons in tho baggage-car, threa wont down with it, aud not ond of then wes more Lhan wightly injured, The cugincor and trowsn, and tho oczupants of tho second naszengor-car, were less fortuunte. Tho former were found cruslied under the locomotive in the bottew of the cannl; nhile, of tho lattar, ten wera killod, and not one ereaned eovern iojorr. Very rarely udeed in tho history of ruilroud-ae- cidouts havo Ao fnrgo o poriion of thoss ot Lo train lost their lives as in this case, for, out of ninety porsony, mxty perikhad, and m the num- ber was wcluded every womai nud_child among tho passenyzors, with o single excepti ‘There wers two circums anced abont this dieaster wortly of especial nolice. lu tho firat place, ns well 8y cau now bo macertained, in the atwence of auy trustworthy tecord of nu invostigotion into cauaes, tho accle dent was essily proveutable, thouzh by meansof sapplinucos which eveu yet have mnover besn brougat into general uso. Itaproara Lo liavo bern immedwtely caused by the derailment of o locomotive, hawever occasioned, just as it was outertog ou a swing draw-bridge. * Thrown from thio trncks, thers was nothing on_ the flnoriug to yn\'cnl tho detairod Jocomotive from doffecting rom 118 course uotil it toppled over the ends of thoe tias, nor wero tho tics sud flooring apparent- 1y sulliciently etrong to sueiain it evow whilo it bold to 1ts comws, Under such circnimstances, ino derailment of & locometive upon nuy bndgs can mean only deatruction ; it rmeant it then, it means it now ; and yet our countrv la to-day full of bridgos consiructed in an oxaztly sinnlar way, A vory ple oud inexpepsive appliance would make accideuts from this canye, if vot fmposs- ble, at least bighly improbable. It is ouly uee- oieary to maka tho ties nnd flaoringw of bridges oet tho tracks, rod for 8 fool on cither side of them, asufi- ciently atroug Lo sustain the wholo woizht of a tratn off tha track aud in motion, while o thira rail, or Htrong truss of wood securcly fawtened, shonld bo laid down midway betnoen tho rmils tiroughout the entirs longth of the bridge and its npproaches. With this arrangement, as tho flangos of the wheels s on the lusido. it uac Tollow that, i casdof dorailment and a diverg- ence to ono side or the othor of the bridga, the iuner sida of the flanga ni)l como agaiust the contral rail or truss Just 80 soou s the divers- ouco amouncs to balf the space boiwoen tha ralls, which in the ordivary gaugeis 2 fect and 10 inches, Tho wheols must'thon glide along this guard, holding thotrain from avy fartherdivery- ence from its coures, until 1t'ean bo checkod. Meanwhile, ns the ties and flooring extend for tho #pace ot 3 feot ontsids of tlie track, a st~ oieut support is furnished by them for 1o cther whoelv. A lonislative ouncfinent compellivg the construction of atl bridges iu tuis way, conpled with additional provisivns for the iiterlock- ing of draws with their pignals In the cases of uridges across nnvigaole wators, would be open to the objection that (aws against daugersof nc- ¢cudont by rait huve almost nvariably proved in- offecuive when thoy wore not absurd, but in it solf, it entoiced, it might not improbably render disasters itka those at Norwalk and Dos Jardiues terrors of the past, The New-lamburg ascident deponded on othor couditions. 'i'ham was, alt0, one rathor noteworlhy fosturo In to Das-Jidines accident. The question aw to what 39 the best method of couphing together tho ecveral ndividual vehicles which make up overy railroad-traiu, has slways been much d 8- cursed among yailroad-mecbanies. Tho decided woight of opinion Las beou In favor of tho slrougest aud clossst couphugs, so thal under, uo circumetances should Lhe tiain separate iuto . varta, Uaking all forma of raliroad-aceident to- olaor, this concitsion s pmnnbl{, sound. t {s, liowevor, st host only a balaucing of disadvantages, & merg question as to which practico {uvolves tho lewt amouut of dunger. Yet a vary socriblo demonszrution that thore are two sidos to this as to most other questions, was furnishied wt Dea Jardines. It was the custom on the Great Western Road not only to couple the cars mfiezhnr i tho usual method thon iu uso, but also, us 18 olten dona now, to conuect them by heavv chajus on each side of the bumpots, Acgurdiogly, when the Jooaniotive Lroke turough the Jandiaes bridgoe, 1t dragred the rest of the train Luope- leszly aftor it. This certainty would not lLave bappoued had the modern self-coupler boen i uge, avd probably would not bave happened Lad the cars Leva covnected only by ibe ordiuary liuk =od pins; for the train was golng very slow- ly, snd the sigual for brakoa waa given wn smple time to apply them vigorously beforo tho last cars came Lo tho opaning, iuto which thoy wera tinally druzged by tho dead wolght before them, and uot hurried Ly their own impstus. On tho othor Laud, we have uot far to €0 Iu search of soarcely lows fatal dis- tors {llustraling with oqual forcs the other side of tho proposition, 1n the tertiblo con- soquences which hLaves cusued from the sopara- tiou of care in onses of dorailmout. Take tho mewmorable_nccident of the 17th of Juus, 1833, uear Lot Jervis, on the Lrie latiway, for iue atance. e TOE PORT-JERVIE ACCIDENT.o As tho oxpresstrain from New York waa ruu- nivg at a epoed of abuut 50 miles sn hour over a Dur’wlly siraight piece of track botween Qtis- ville and Port Jervis, ahortly after datk on tho avening of that day, it encounterod m broken matl, 1The (rain was made up of a loconotive, two bagyage-cars, sud tive passenger-cars, all of wlhich, except the last, passed ssfuly uver the fraclured 1eil. The lust car apparcutly de- tailed by this, and drew b oar before it of the igh | L1 CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SATURDAY: DICEMBER ! yertiou of tho tr. Te i FXORN 1 16 22 than deagecd slong, {4 icu U avar the » e ) 1tk feet nithy opn. tha las ey torund fairl= oyer, 1e-ting finally on its irrle 0nG of its heaty iron’ tracke broke 1 and 121w ) the 11 Lennath, .0 thasn. Vo sthor ear, mora ey w thern fort tizvt npon ite sidn on a pile of & of tin o iment. Six 168 o wore ladl-d and ity eese Jured, — sl o tn s the fart car, tan cattpiiugs huid, the de- raile | eats Laniarn: Lreen Lave goun over tha em- *ig 1 jatios wonld havo K =nts have, lcient Lo pres idents utider Javvin, Tho ) rtop a tram, aly modeiale within & onmbio tiue, g Tun wreies thn uid Land-beal reccivad one mors #oouss o hova i nealy the aovident tond piace.” hejvre i c wtopped, pithaaeh thy en At tico of 1t pul rcvermed s §eoniol conplinze did not enap wusil a diszaeon i traseraeilin whtui the modern train-t bave 1odneod tha wpeed to - point wonll hava been mivjected to na G virain, : CAR'A-IOCK ACCIDENT. idout ton yeara b s Gec'n Bnek, 16 miiea w T to tusone just d-se.dbod cand 0 the parung of the conpl rivny prescuted the renr of the train from dra palig 3td hewd 1o destruction, Both dieastens Were 0easione ] by broken rais @ Lk, witds the first o o, L Iast wan on & s the road. s kisting slung cuu xals ot Loid clevation, - desiivity of b feen jagaed 1 Lvwiders. o train wos & 1oz one, of the lacomotive, threo Largare ‘ami express oot reven |aseenpers cary. fnd it enccuatered tha Lrokan 2 winle toundinz the corve ut a hich rats of spaed. Agaie il tl v L on t ol Pori dervis, wan g5 4 tho hill, 1 end on T Wak enappe: over the emline < along, but only cusa wtrain then TGk for a broke and the head toar Leg ahcad aimos: Instutl andolled do cipice, the othety g overaficris and plunged A pEesenger on thg wih il doserinz 1 tha car lio wes h *an goity over and aver, until the vuter roof was torn o, nud the mnor root wok ery foar warn L P Lntin this suatenee, 25 faat vt Do danid tha ouiy salkjeet fur warprise was that thers wero LUV ELFVIVOTa, G the parting of ol cuarsd net congtitats vy from Liava thay arialige couplings pamoi, and | b on will, 1808 found, treak iu Lo, and thew hinder parts csmo Laundeaug dowu the graue, 03 Was beell 1t Auory Tuo Amorican passen- certening, iy whizh ezchi cor i provided mth Vralies, nto tnchi lews tinbla tian oy Enelish, tho auocd of wlist: ted by brakie-vens, " to accideuts of this descripion. _snd: d. it may AE S 4 i L2 quesoned whetbe, in Ameriea mny perions dser b occurrol from the fack that po - 10n of o pasetnzer-lia.t ona road opiraind by ktenm got beyaud control in descendiog £n fue cline, Thero have heen. hawover, tervibla catas- trophes from this cause 1u Laglavd, ancl that on tho Laucariiro & Yorkauite load near ilelrustiore, A htstion son 3G wilcs aurdh of hivular, desorvee o pruminens Placo tn the recard of Taiie read-aceidentu, TIE TELMSIE 1t azcarred in the earl; of the 4th of Seytcraber, 189u, Tiheie hnd boun B great foco at the Balievuo Carde: 3 Mane cliesior, un (e ki upon the eouclusion of whica some L) crowded st ouco upou the retnrn. traing, Or there, thero were, on the Laocashi & York-lure :load, threo,—tho first consiotin of fourteen, the rocoud of thitty-one, and the of twentv-four carnuges: snd they e slarted, il intervene of ten minutes bo- at rhoit 11 o° u% wighs, The L tran fvened 12 §ournor 1 rafety, €3 tho gevond sud the third. the Hulmsbve s tion is 83 tha top of & etaep ansline, This the teeond trmn, deawa by two locomotives, eur- uwounted, apd thon stoppaa for the delivery ol passengois. While thee wero leaving tho carriagou, n enzp ae of frrctured 1o wes Loard, nod the guards, looking back, saw tue wholo rear portisn of tho Lrain, cousisting of sevoutcou carriages ant a b -van, detached from tho rest of it ard quiclly slippieg down tbe inclino. The detuched portion was waving »o slawly that ono of the guardy succeeded in eatebing the van and applying the b i1t w4 however, ale ready too late, velocity was preater than the braks-pewer could overcome, and the seven- teen carringes kept desconding more and more sapidiy. Meanwails tho third temin had reacued the foot of the 1cline and begun to mevend 1t when its engioetr, on roandiug & curve, caught @glit of the dercendiug curringes, Iie ntely rover-ed Ly enmne, but, before Lo 4 briug his trein 20 & stand, thov wore unow Liw. Fortunstely the van-brakies of the detacbed cur- riages, though lusulicient to stop them, yet id | reduco thewr efpeed; the col- heion, mevertheless, was toatrifie. ‘Cho furco of tho blow, sa far s the nd- vancing trein was conenrned, expendel 1i=ctf on tue tocomuive, which was demolislied, whils the gasnengors excnned witha fright, Nnot #0 thous 1u the desconding carvizgos, ~ With them there was nothng to brenk the blow, aud tho two foremost of them were crushed to frazinents aud thotr passenyurs ¥oattered over iho . It wou sbortly utter midnight, and the excursion. ists clambored vut of the tiaing and rusued fran- tically ubsut, jmpediv overy offort toclesr awny the debra and resone the injured, whose shrioks and cuics were ncessant. ‘Ila bodies of ten perron«, auo of whoin hind died of suffeeation, wero ultimately axtiicated from the ruwina, na twenly-two others sustainud fractures of limba, At Des Jataines, tho couplings were too stroug; ot Pore Jorvis and st Helissvere, they woro ot strong enough: st Cer's Rock, they gav0 way noL a tnoment 00 soon. **Thera aro objestions to a plenum, nud thero are objectioos toa vacuuw,” as Dr. Jobnson renturked, —* but a plona or & vacuum 1t must be"; but thero 210 10 ArgUMeDEs in favor of ruilroad-stations or sidiugs upon an inctined plase, Aborgelo was oo ittustration of whit soun or late wust rosalt from thew, nud Heloshore was another. Iu iailioadsinechanivs thers are after ol some poiuts sussoutiblo of demoastiation. That thoy saould slill bo iguored, is Lardiy losu swgular thun 1t ta st pristog, 3 veriog e TKE FALLEN E¥IPIRE. great, and_grand, in other dayn,— your Lrvazt ugalust the Muslent's Higgels, glorou Wiao nolly bae: vas bl Aund struck for Lattlo-biazo, On pea cad fazd, betweon you and your unbelleviug foos, vntil ‘Lflu’r valor broke at last tho soul.degrading b in sudels bad stretchiolaross the Old World'e fuirest lands ; Thea v sole viclsy-Qushlng £age acrous (o Weat- ru 3laln, And founi & New, nnothor World, to give to Chrls- tian hauds 0 land of Ly-gous glory | why did you not tho lcason ieart “'hu:.hxuin race of nations proudly stood you in the van, That ouly Btates continue grand, subline, aud strong, that spury To shapo their course upou the wrong, the narruw, lust plan That I:fudl ll\ povorty the mislliona down to rajse tho ey l.kk{n«l was Juine wills waraing volce: ber sugles, well you know, Mad .m.‘:‘l‘ in telumph over uesrly all the Ensteru World § s And how bivr luading mindy, forgetting what to all s due, Looked eah to self: alil quickly, sadly, were her Lanuers turiod. Your poopit’s wealth, your peaple’s bluod, in vain and crucl war Were poured ont on thosd EW And savaga coats, o'er which the star Of paacelal cm tre abould have loowed, and sbed ta rays beolgn Ou fadiug foreal, rlaiug spire, the forye, and lowing o} And twen youe fabled EI Dorsdo, sought through war fo You would not of aldn, Cuicavo, bov, ————— 1ts Eifoct on the Brai, Long balure the ers of tewpersucovrdinances and urgauizslions, lyiti, by fur the groscest austomist of the age, used to say that Ly could distinguish, 14 the darkest 100m, by une stroke of tho sealped, tho biain of the webriute from that of tho men who lived sovarly, Now and then he would cangratulate kis clasi upou tue posseueion of & drunkard's bLruit, sunursbly fit- ted, from its Larduess and morecompleie presor- vation, tor the purposs of cemonstration. When the auatowist wisliea to preserve w buman brain for any lengil of time, be offecta that ubject by koepingghs organ iu a veseu) of alcobiol.” From © sulL, pulpy substauce, it tbeu becowes conie paratively bard ; sud w0, too, before deaths, the uso of wloohol causvs the mduration of the delt- nd Man when madly glared the found in Selds of happy progress,— } cato mad gustamor-like tiesues, e to e for ads- neint | 8. i world gat any again. during ‘the whola interviaw. tho vimtors looked at tha muitudoe of littls Ho contiaued to smile o wmiled when TENEMENT-HOUSES. A Pest from Which Chicago Is Kot Excmpts plodgen of love that crawlad around the dirty Hloor and maintaiuad & porpacusi aqaailing. If tho hascmen: of thissbullimg alono cane taned twents-cight inhabitants, how many would be fouud fn TIE TWO UFI'ZR FLOONA? Buch was the quastion that aruse it the mind o) Lhe reporter as ho mouuted tho stairs. 1uvesti- gauon rovealed that in the four reoms on the 1i:st floor thoro wera twonty-five children, s por- fret wildarnoss of cliidren. Peejing out of oora, tambling n ths lalls, roling over the ‘lnor, thsy seemed to abound overswhera in ende toss vartoty. Dity, rhorcle-hendod, hnlf-naked, they tormed o truly pitiable stght. 'I'he rontns, Witl the b excoption beforo pitard, sers \og. In 0o cisn did a family, ¢ how largo, occupy mure than oue BIE I'ue Buino tato of affaire oxisted or the top jioor, ‘Ui was tho Jargest tenoment-houso in the naizhiborhood, al*nough thore wero many others wuich jresauted fentures s revolting, Ona or the street were tolaraoly clean and well farnishiod, but taoy wore excoptional. Nows, 23 and U7 rern oun-story sbanties, situstod on fow gronud, about 6 feet” balow the level of the Elrcet, snl wera surrcunded by extensive and od.riferoun 1 of wloji'. In one of them twa elatiernly v were engagnd over soparate weslhitube, and Ui oiLor was occumead by an old Crenn wun ¢ er Liear nor could she epeak cohe In both wete ovidonces of tho greate § i istrons, Alter plaseinz hastids troush the remsioing Lovels ou Fourtcenthh nt.cer, the investigators tnrned eouthwards on Canal streot, thence wonl ou Sixteenth. I'iveine Sevard streot, which is crm—l'ldal “izb tho avodes of tho poor, they oo Lote A Cloze Tnspection of a Poverty- Stricken Section, Collection of Ignorance, Children, Foul Smeils, and Disease. Ilow Peopice Live in These Nurse- ries of FPestilence. A Workingman at ¥is Dinner. Tlie rexl extent of wretcholnesa and poverty ese u Chicrpo Is not yenorsily known by the wall-to.do claamea, The gentiemen wrd 1y izn i tha upper walks of Jifn ate too deaply im- mereod iu proteesional snd mocial purauits to beatow mioin thata passing thouzhi at rare fn- tervals upon the thousands of Luugry wretches vl inbalit the by-ways of this city, and whose caroer Lagins in torrow, and ends in vice. Asto buginess men, thoy wen leos acqunuted with tho habhw and couditicns of ths poor. Condi- tivne are not i thoir live, Thoy deal with pare tieular persons and thinge.but not with gonersll- tiox. Thaelr business is to bay and seli, shother tive merchanuise be lawl. ealico, ur braius, aod LULLINGTON FINILY. The apocaranco of this alley—for it is nothing more, being oxtromely nactow und oaly abous twu blocks tn lougtli~is of the must dimnal Lind, ‘Tho road 18 unpaved and roush, while docp gute tera on either nido render travel somawhat pre carzons. fu fact, 10 would bo a difliendt matter i South Siles sl bave their sbare. ull beyond that iy finzastenial. for two teamd ta jads uach other av any point. E CONDITION OF TUR VOURER CLAYSES Tho liouses here are of every ' shapo te, hownvar, a anbjest that descives the atten- | and size. und nro jumbled togathor in tion aud conjidetsion of all good eitizope, It | 0dd goofasion. — Uhe wont promincnt living thers 15 comparatively less poveety ant orime | O040CHs bero, of coureo, are chbudreu, Thesn negloctud waify wwarmin tho guiters, aod on tho nusafe sidowalky, fightiog with lsan acd Langry doga for the possoesion of a bone, scrawbling bituer nod cutber ou hands aud kucew, on four feot, azd on two fuat. kicking their barp logs apan the air, aud alt the tima chattene¢ in unutelligible dislect, ‘Alhey ara, a4 indeod they seein, very wretched cominontas nes cu hfe, 1lonse No, vas a rotten old elanty, with &n entrancs in the reor, which arrangoment, by the war, i verv comuion ou Burlington atreef. A nurow pasags bLetween the bhouso and here tlun inotuer cities, the fa0t, as well as tua reason therefor, glivuld Lo known ; if more, thea it should be sll (e more widely known. Lhe colicaion of fignees upon 1h2s nubjoct is ren- dered unusual ienlt, owing to the fac: that the districts pepiatated by thess classes are wcat- tered altover theeny. Tho North, West, and Nor wra they cd 43 & rulo Lo corinin streats, butexist oil 1t fa trao that there nre o fow localitios wiern wore thau fu othere the poor folks con- the nest alowing oue led to the giegate, Ay tio wealthy have their dicbigon, | paci, i the Lancment were found two famic awct, and Asbland avenues, o tho sreiched | 1o und up-stnits woeto £5.0 move. Thero was « their ¥ering and Laribes etreets, Yeiu | no ot cieanhiness. Tho. floors weio bee L) atier caso the rule doss not stricely hold, for tofien tho lowest aud mat areeranio hovels are et amid houses of entaparative comfort and ro- spectabiiity, red with 1oud, 1le windows unwashed, and there wis n geuersl wir uf uinfticssnoss aud ap odor of filth nzeiing abous tiso prowises, A PECULIAR FEATULL OU 1111 ARCHITECTURE of thna utreet is that in tho rear of nearly otory dwelhuz thers ia nuoiler hewne, also crowded with inlmbitautr, thuy il ting ow far spaca” can be economred. In this way thero is na ground left unocenpi Ihe tencmentg 10 the jwmodiate keighbo:kood of No, b7 strong- Iy rosumble each other in the eharacter of their inmatos, if they ure notalike io a- ect- urs. Peapls wore found buddied tugathier, often 4 MADY A3 Lew 10 & room, 20d all botraving exe THE ™ SIng, neurl? two-thirds of tho rostdenc papulation, natwally comprives the wbodos of & grauter partion of the lowentels: { Thore_ are wuncrous datricts which ace g { over aluoat whollv to thieves ond derperadosa. ‘iheie aco oihow wtadl inore farlorn 16 appear- ance waere are hudiled togethsr that largo Luidy of y us who coma nuder the ** poor but Lonest' category, Tuev compriss tho fomilies of mea who wotk for n livieg wheuever containing av i trenuo DOVETty, Whish Wus only ¢qiaied by heir hopeless iguorance. Ths pupuistion vas lonud to bu mostly German, nud t viole manuor of oy rondered tham peenliatly Lalia 1o d.bense. An epidemic would 1oaso Trightful ravazes onco atarted, Al the worrt of do not appesr at way tims to cony daawer winen thez inear, sud are <0 PIDLY LIRORANT Lo talic ortinary presautious, Wwommen refiist Lo 1iev can et a chance, and chen ey are oas of Y Lappond oftun, £30y ek vut a mis B tded ozcastonally by the puis | | charity, Lo thom tho Coauty tina somenhat wytnical aupel, who an- pava st rars intervaly of dize exiretmty, und Gules out the food necuseary to ruatai life, 5 BEATON o time of tho greatas: Lavdebip Lo theas earatuts aro lags then thaw dur- = perion of the vear. nnd their nec- cater, Fusl anid ciothing be- 59t Ak, wherony during warm westher thes can gel mlong very cemt citber, Much euTeting Atthe s the.e peu:la g al snd profiers his services grasuizvusiy, In this et the G208 W02 210 Wous0 than tho tter genvsally aeuiesco, but tha g rmaty nlwost always cause tha uiticial a vast deal of anuoyuusd vy their foohish resistauce. L tho couras of thelr peregrinations tho vim ftors to this aistrict bal mmpio oppertuoity to axcertaio the ingiadicuts of A Wour INAN'S DISNER, It was noon befoto thoy bad comploted theie tour. Blordy after 12 o'clock thio men began ta 1:our into the sireet from work, Aboat o dozen fumiliea wero visited at meal-time, ‘Fhie food wen observed to consist chielly of black broad. and brotu, 1u a foiv justauces there was a sor! of a mess, which had been cooked 1n an sron Lettle, conslsting of pieces of meat, bread, and ©oup,. Tho Docior etated, a8 o result of ropoated obserration, that much of the fvod eaton by this cl1ss was obtained at tha slaaghter-houses in the thapo of retuno snd blool. 'L'ue latier was o siaple niticlo of diet withs the poorar Germans, who mado it into puddinga, which wera ragards a3 0 great luxury. Garlie 13 alio frequently eaten, as wad teetiiod unplvasantly ac eoveral of the housos visited. 1t is not noceesnry to dscribo in dotail the Interiors of other tenements ua tho stroat. At Mo, 5, o story-aud-a-ball house, sovon familiea wore domicidod, .No, 4 wxommodsted forty vorsons, sud it was & swall boaso ab that. Othiers were fonud equally a3 crowded, and aill waie vilo with dirt_zud rubbish and redolout with foul smctls. Iuona room, oczapisd by six pe1sons, wau found a woman who had juat given birth to a child, aud the evan: did nut” seom to Liwve croated any runsation iu the fumily. Burlivgton stroet is not Ly any meana the ouly poor o0t 10 thia quatter of the city, Thoro miu others in tho nsiguburhood which picront_tho #xme generai featires, or woras, Bteag, Fisk, Boliemis, sn1 Seward are oqually mjuatid. In their prescnt coadition they eudan- ger tho whole uty, being poculacly linble to breed pestilsucs wnd ull linds of “jufectious digeasas. In order ta autan oo just 1303 of ths extont t) wiieh destiiution provails, o TRIONE r2- porter visited ssveral of tna paorer disiticts on the West Sude yestevdav. i comonay wirh a phy- sician, who 1n bis 0/tic. +.ty obrained en- ttence to many of 5 vhich sro so cbundant in tue sanibnesiern portion of the city. ‘Tho tract vis:t «wea Canal, Hal- sted, Fourteonth, and Eighteeath etrocts. Tho veoplo who live hero aie of different notionali- | ties, the lriwh and Gernau bemy ot Iargely ropresentet. Aiagled with thexe aro o numbor of” Bober Hokandes, and Poles. Tho commouost luvd of dwetlings ara frame TENEWENT [OUIKY, | snd occupied by families iiddied togethorasclare- 1vas could weli be 1uagiued. fkch room generaily coctains & family of five or BX prople, sad 8% thore aro ordiuanly a dozen rooms in the Lousa, tho numnber of people hiviug under the sama roof was touud 10 be frequertls not loss then sixty, snd someiies more. Bit pethaps o better fdea could Le obiamed of tun manaer in wiicl thoso poople live by describing particalarly tho interior of certain of tho 078 Laliscablo struoiures. Tho tirat Flncn visited was on Fourtoaoth sirect, 0ast of Crual. ‘Lho distancs from Caual sixect to the river is Lore sbout two blocky, aud the genersl cevoct of the quariar i of the most forlorn dercription. Ftawa tenswmont honsen lino both sndes of the strect, plain, wopainted BLractures, most of thom b: WO Stoltes id bejgut, 10 ~o. was of this kind. It was squaro-built, with two front outraiees, ‘Thers wors no doors, those tixtures Luving boon doubtlems considerod by the architect of tuo Louse 8y twvless appeudagos. ‘Ihere was & gate, but it was Off 1t4 Liuges, and bung half way across the oponing in tho Teuce as 1f ouforing & sickly nort of rosistauce to tue tu- truder. Tacked against tio sido of the bousa, clodo .10 tho entrauce, was a roagh board, on rni;‘ll was painiod in rade characiers the fol- owin [ -— cuBaA. T il nanght 7 13 4 nangl That the Smtb-wind Lrings her wail to o ‘Chat the »poilere comyasa vur desalato afster 7 Tu it vaught ¥ Muat we wny to hor, * Strive nomors, With the )ike wherewith we loved her and kissed With her 2 {te smceking lips wherewith we satd, 'hou ars tite deaseat und fairest Lo un Of uli the dunghters tha s hath bred,- U )i grecn-gindled 1eles that woo us " It naught ? 5 cent ** This place," ssid tho Doctor, a4 he ushored the way auto the basewert, down & short ight of rickuty slopa, **is ouvof my favorite hanuis. 1 hiave to como Liere ovory few dava iu order to compel tha poopls into Boree stiow of cleanliness uecessary for tha praservation of their lives,” A MIORL: SICKENING OLOR nover grectod hunman nostrila than did that which saluzed the visitors on_entering tho Jow cornidor in the basement. Whatever wers ths cowponents of that wtonch tho reportor wil not undortake to oxplain. 1t was thora, and 1t wes lively, A kuoek ouw the lelt-hand doar received no respouss, sud, unceronioniously shoving it ojpien, 'tho visitoru sutered. If the steuch was Lively bofore, it was thou uuqualitiodiy savago. 1t rushed out of the door iu a volumo that was almost overpowering. The room presouted to the view of tho Intruders was low, narrow, and dark. In ouo corver atood a bed of straw, unwado, and havivg ouly a filthy-looking bl ot for a covor- iet, ‘Ahere was w rusty, Lroken-duwn atove in suoflier coruer, but no “firo, Two chaire and & pins table complated the furniture. ‘Lhs hving objocts, and the most promiwent ones visibls, were nix chuldren, raugiog 1o years from 1 to 10, Bguattecd ov lying ou the hare toor, aud appar- ontly making no offort o umuso themsolves either by uflung or playing. Nooe of them Must yo wall ¥ Must yo wait ¥ Tt they 1avago her garden of orange and palm ¥ Fill hier beart fw duat 2 Wil hor nerengtls s waber? Bust ye soo them tratupla biey, aud bs catm As Jirirste whea & virgin 8 led to slughter ? 8hall thiey sinite the marvel of uil Lands,— “Tue uations’ longlng, the Exrth's comjletoness,~ On her red mouth dropplug myrrl 3 ber bands Filled witl fruitage, and spice, and wvelzoss 7 Alust yo walt 7 In tho day, in the niut, In the burniug duy, in tho dalorous niglt, Her sun-browned cliceka aro sisioel with woeeping. Her watch-fires Leaoou tlio misty height : ‘Why aru her friends aud Lier lovers slevpitg? Y0, 0t whose exr thie Hallerer bends, Who wero my Kindred before ail others, Hath he wet your hearle afar, my fneads? Haih ko nade ye ulien, my Lrolbers, Day aud night?? Hear yonot? lHear yenot? 311:»\' wea the lui:nl of her voica ? 1 tone, which sayeth: wote 1more tuan lnnlldroum:;.l. lud the Jcar youot 7 =y youngest bad on & alugle rag of Bposk at last] Bpek at Inst 2 apper, Thoir huir war attod snd | Tn the et ol yose siianyins btue strength of yous tauglod, and their faces waro o smeared aud covered with dirt a4 to doprive thom of ail ex- preswion, Ouly their eyes gleamed out throngh their uncombel locks, and gave them auvthiug but a human appearsnce. ‘Lhey woru the sole ocoupants of the room, their parents being out at work, scconding to the atatoniant of tho sld- est cluld, uttored m disjointed Euglish. 'Thore batug vo inducements for & protracted stay in this yueer spartiaent, the visitors withdrew into ho stroet for s breath of frouh air. Aftersa brief pause right, Speak out at last to the treacherous spoilar ! Bay: Wil yo Lnrry Ler In our sight 7 all not trample ber aowa, Lor sofl hor | er bondu | et her rise in Lot lovellnoss— ister 1—or, If yo shame har, all ruo (ur ber sore distroes, ongo bt be that of Tawmar ¥ Tho Editorshiip of the London Fimess Mr. Delauo is abous to retire, st sny rate teme porarily, fram the editorship of tho Loudoa Times, with which ho Las been counecied for tlurts-six vears. Mr, Dolaue igthe son of the Iato Mr. Willism Dolauo, formerly financial mane sgor of the Tunes, who died in 1538, Born la 1814, hoe was educated at Magdalen College, Ox- ® ford, whero e graduated 1. A. ju_183Y, and was called to the Bar as the Middle Templo in 1847, He was only 23 yoars of age whon, in 1539, he bocsme Mr. Barues' assistane editor, utd two yoars later he becamo full editor. Alr, Delaus, after Laving brokeu dowu ouve or twice, flods ib absulutoly necessary to take ngthy Loliday, whioli, at'0l, sud aftor such arduous work s his, he certainly deserves. It is stated thas De. Das- ent wili, for a time, take his place, Dr, Dasent, who 1 also au Oxford mau, aud married (o & sis- terof Mr. Delave, Lss beun loog ous of the re- ANOTHER DESCENT was made Into tho basement, the back room being this timo the polut of attack. Horo was found & ° young German wonian with a very young baby inber srms, Thu Eir) was very plessant-lookiug, and the room waa comparatively oleav. Her hushand was an eai- plove iu a tuinber-yard, and was getting alovg well, although be expacted to Lo out uf work s weak or two. Actuss tho ball wore found two wote {amiiies, ono cobtainiug eiglt children d ths atler 1 The lurger faoly was i very destitute cirovmstauces. IThe mother, & hard-worked sud wornied Gerwan womau of 35, acted as it completely ulscouraged with the “IY. bill of Lfe. Bho was earuing a little money by doing washitog, Tue old man vat by the window with tao’ uuwasbed children on oach Lueo, aua o/egilts ou his Lroad counienauce, which | viewers and on the porwagent stufl of the Tinies, mnt ¥ e the only expression of jutellsct of | but is better known to the general puablio for big which ! capable, aud which he therefors | writings on Norso literature. 1o 18570 ba was ape sopiap wanvutly. Horaid that he had E::uu\.l by tho Guverument to the post of Givil badnewor 1004, sod didu't KBow Whou L Yioe CommusKOnere O,