Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, September 28, 1875, Page 4

THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE : TUESDAY: SEPTEMBER 28, 1875.—TEN PAGES. RATRN O sU'RFCAITYION (PATABLY. 1 ADYAKCE). Postate Prepabd ma b Dhally Tditton , pest-nald. ) year. Tartn of yearat 21 FUI R WETRR far. iterary and Holigh 1.00 2,00 3 WFPRLY Tiotrion Weakly—('lnd o, funz, ‘Weokly—Clnb of twen! Ona Prae Copis ik Krery Clud of Teenty, On ail_clubs the subacribar mast remit the poatage, hich e 16 cents & covy per yaar. Specimen copien nent {ree, To prevent delay and mistakes, ba surs and gire Fvat-Office sddress in fail, fncluding Flataand County, Temittances may be mads sither by draft, express, Fost-OfMco order, or in reginterad letters, at our risk, TERMA TO CITT AUDECHINERA, . Dally, daltvered, Buniay excepted, 235 centa por week, b‘g‘;'. Solivored, Buniay included, 30 cents por wock. THR TRIBUNE COMPANY, 5 and Dearborn-ata.. Chicago, 1il, 1.5 it 2000 TODAY'S AMUSEMENTS. EMY OF MURIO—Ifalsted atreel, between flx‘d[(’llall,x aud Monros, Engsgement of W, T, Melville, “ Bmoke.” 2 THEATRE~Randolph streat, between mfl%mnum Engagement of tho California Minatrels. WOOI'S MUST.UM~Monros strret, between Deat- born and Btate, Afterunon, “Iast Lypne,” Eveuing, #Casto " and * Kins Iu the Dark.” RLPII TIFATRE—Dewrborn slrect, corner Aoarors Enmagement uf the Mcfieo 1aukip Troupe, * Tho Two Orphans,’! MoVIGKEN'S THEATRE—Madinon street, between Dearborn nud Btate, ™ Kunning » Corner, CUICAGO THEATHE—Clark street, betwoen Ran- dolph und Lauke, * TheTwo Orphans,® INTER-STATE EXPOSITION—TaXe shors, foot of Adaui wireet, The Chicagy Tribune Tuesday Morming, Beptembor 28, 1876. WITH SUPPLEMENT. Vew York Gold Ex- ated quictly betweon Greonbacks at the change yesterday vac: 23 and 857, The direct calle cupneeting the United States with Great Britain and the Conlinent, after beiug in operation only o fow weeks, has parted, ns the dispatch snys, *“in the occun section.” ‘This probably menns higher tolls for ocenn telegrnms for o while at least, 'ihe aunual report of the Government Di. rectors of tho Union P'acific Railrond, just sabmitted, shaws o most prosperous condi- tion of anirs with that grent corporation, Fhere was an jnerense of 31,275,369 in gross trccipts and $1,576,924 in net enrings over 1$74, and the statement is 1nade that tho rond could double its presout business with- »ut incrensing its bonded debt. In one of the many csses pending agoiost MeDoxaun, Jover, and other partics con- aceted with tho St, Louis Whisky Ring, conn- sl for defendsnts huvo succeeded, on o de- murrer, in tinding o wesk point in the in- dictment, thereby nullifying preliminary pro- eedings 50 far as this particular caso is con- serned. ‘There aro, however, several other bills against theso mon, upon which thoy will be erraigned in the propor order. 'The uashing process was tried in ex-Chief Clerk Aveny's cage, but without suceess. It mast not bo supposod that Chicago will abandon tho idea of a great religions rovival merely becauso of & failure to obtein the ro-operation of Moopy and Savgey, Chicago prop: to huve & rovival just the same. Her ergymen are unwilling to confess before the world their inability Lo do tho Master's work without the help of two men, be the same Moony and Saxzey or Surrm and Tosrrivg ; ind her Christian business-inen, tho mer- thent-princes and solid citizens in general, aro equally coufirmed in the determination to Innaguraio the revival movement, with tho Zesired assistanco if it ean be had, and if not, without it, Such was the spirit manifested at the meoetings yesterday of clergy nand laity. The feeling is upanimous, Doth that Chicago shonld have o revival, and that it should be Vegun now, —— We nced hardly invito our renders to the nator Scuvnz published in this worning’s Tmoune. It 18 o great speech, end will comparoe favorably with tho best of the many grent productions of its author, It is berdly necossary to aoalyze it, It is itself nn elaborato nnalysis of the whole theory and proctice of finanee, and an application of profourd reasoning to tho conlused, and to many winds chaotie, doctrine of monoy—its purposes and its constituonts, The speech is tho wore important, and will prove wmoro uceeptablo to the general reader, becauso it is ot partisan, It is not n epeech doliverod in tho intorests of eithor the Democratio or Repnblicon party, 1t is the views of o sound thinker, a profound echolsr, and o oultared statermun upon & great question of publio volicy. It is addresseld (o the intelligeuce und honesty of the public, and can hardly fuil Lo meet with enmest attontion. . ——— The semi-centennial colcbration at Dar. lington, ug., vesterday, though but briefly clronicled in tho cable disputohes, was one of the most interesting and fruitful in remin. isconce nuong all thut have occurred during the year. It marked the fifticth snniversary of the day when tha first railroad was fin- inbied and the firat locomotive, with Gronae Breearsson as engineer, drow tho firat train of froight and passenger cara over the rough aod jmperfect line which, throngh the de. termined und persistent cfforts of Josern Prask, the first railwuy wagoate, bad beon coustructed from Darlington to Stackton, a disteuce of 12 wiles, ‘Ihat was n groat evont in the eyes of the ustonished Dritons on the 27th of September, 1825, and tha fact that tho train was actually drawn by ateam at the Tate of 4 miles an hour received its duo wnount of wondering wlmiration and enthu. sinsm, Wo present (hiy wornlug an inter- wsting sketch of Darlington, the cradle of tho world's cnormous railway syslem, and of Pause and STEPHENSON, ity parents and nurses. ————— ‘The Chicugo producs murkets wero gen- erally stronger on Baturday, Mesy pork was active and 85@400 per brl higlier, «losing at $20.25623.50 cash, and $24.5%) for October, Lard was dull sud 56 per 100 1bg bigher, closing at $13.40 cash or seller October, wud #1200 seller tho year, Meats wero jn fuir request und firmer, ot 81@83o for shoulders, 12da e for short ribs, aud 12je for short clears, Highwines woro quist aud un. Oata wero active and $33e for October. and mtronger, closiug and 824c for October. Ryowns moderately nctive and §@1c lowor, at T3 @7de. Barley was quiet and stendier, closing at §1.10 ensh, and $1.02 for October. Hogs were activo and 10@20¢ higher, with the bulk of therales at $7.90@8.25, Cattle were in fair demand at nabout Saturday's quotations, Bheep wero quict and unchanged. One hun. dred dollars in gold would buy $116.62} in greonbacks at the close, at 86jc cash, the rame atory to every inquirer, aud when it in discovered, as it mow is, that only nbout two.thirds of the saloon-keepera of Chicago have been enlled upon to pay their annual liconse-foes into the City Treasury, tho testi- mony is plain snd unmisiakable either of official incapacity or of downright maladmin. istration of the ffairs of tho City Govern. mont. Such is the fack License.foes to the mmnount of 245,000, dne from ner- ly 900 snloon-keepers promptly ofn the 1st of July, aro yet unpaid, and nothing is heard of snits bronght to compel payment, of finos imposed for neglect to pay, orof liconses revoked for tho same cause, 1t is perfectly clear that tho Mayor and his staff of polico especially paid to do this work nre neglecting o sworn duty, and that sonie- thing liko 1,000 suloon-keapors, oach with n cortain amount of political influence, are ox- empted from the payment of saloon-licenses. As to tho number of bummer votes to bo fortlicoming at the fall election in return for this costly bribe, no doubt the Peoplo’s Party Municipal Administration can form an estimnto,—no doubt bave formed it ; but the tax-payers would like to kuow somothing more about it, and they will insist upon koowing. HOME RULE IN THE UNITED STATES, Ihe New York World coucludes o three- column article on the real and dividing isaues upon which tho Presidential election of 1876 will be fought, and which issues connot be *put down or covered over,” with the follow- ing statemont : 1F to-dsy no political parties existed o theso United Btates, n party would straightway crystaliza around thesu three hiving fssues and earry them to victory in 1876, Lt Hurd Money, ¥soo Trade, Home ltuls, aud Adminlstzative Reform are the watchwords of the old, the true, snd the new Democrucy. 1t is well before this new psrty be organ- ized that thero should be an understanding of what is moant by these terms, Hard Money, Freo ‘I'rnde, and Administrative Ro- form can hardly be mistaken, but what, pray, is ** Home Rule " ? Is this a new unwmo for ** State Sovercign- ty " as expounded by Senator EaroN, the latest contribution of New England Democ- racy to the Sounte, or is it somothing elso ? Does it mean woman suffrage, or household suilrnge, or is it an authoritative definition of who is thoe hond or ruler in the family 2 Weo will nssmne, however, that it is n new name for that fundumental theory of governmont which is, and must always be, the dostinctive lino separating the Democratic and Republic- an parlies, ‘Tho Democratic party insists that the people of the United States nro not o notion ; that tho Government of the United States ia not the Government of a nation ; that this is & confederacy of nations, each free, indcpendent, and sovereign ; that the Government at Washington is merely the appointed ngent of these sovereign powers, acting by their authority, and subject to their direction and control, That wo assume to b the doctrino which is implied under tho new name of Home Rulo, nud sgainst that doctrine the majority of the American people have bnt quite recently recorded their protest, and have with all the emphasis of successful war stamped as inconaistent with the safety and peaco of the Amencan Union. ‘I'he Republican party was founded on the broad aud enduring principle that tho Amer- icnn people constituts one nation; that the sovoral States are but local divisions of o common people, having but one Government and one nationalty; that the Union isnot temporary, but perpetusl; that the Union does not exist at the will of oach or anyStato, but is indivisible, tho poople of each State having n cowmon heritnge and a common right in all the States and on all soil covered by tho national fing. ‘Tho powers, rights, and supromacy of the National Government areso well established and defined by the Constitution and the jodi- cial expositions thereo! during tho hundred years just oxpiring that there can at this time be bardly any case wherein the limits seps- rating Stato and national aathority are not roadily undorstood. There are under the Constitution numerous instances where the General and Btate Governments have concur- rent jurisdiction; and, bocause for pearly 8 contury there was no oocasion for the National Government to oxercisoe its author- ity, the State or loecal authority Las been-oxercised exclusively. But the powers have remained in the General Government notwithstanding, aund their exercise, under the extraordinary circumstances of the last sixteon years, however justified by the pre- ceding facts and subsequent results, has been artfully roprosented as usurpations under spocinl interprotations of tho Constitution. ‘The discomfiture of tho State-Sovereignty Re. bellion, the establishment of the supremnoy of tho nation, the nbolition of slavery, tho on- franchisoment of the colored raco, and tho absolute maintennnce of peace and order in ho roconstructed Biates, the presorvation of raconstruction, and the protection of tho personal and political liberties of the five willions of newly-made citizens, havo re. quired the exercise of powers by tho General Government which bad never been exorcised beforo, becauso thero had never boen occa. slons for their oxerciso, Becauso these samo circurustances nevar existed at any previous time in the history of tho Union, it has pleassd domagogues, conspicuous smong whom hes been the New York World, to argue that theso acts have been usurpations, and an ap- peal to * Home Rule” is made, we suppose, as o proventive agninat thoir ropetition. We suggest, therelore, to the New York World, that in organizing a new party which is ta embroce il tho frionds of hard woney and civil sorvice and taxiff reform, us opposed to inflation and repudiation, that it leave out the Home-Rule business. Tho American people uro not going back to the aboraination of Btate Bovereigaty, secession, and a union of pow- ors so limited s to be unalle to suppress in. surrection. Botter have Biuy Avvey and rag monoy, Kreuter end his iuterconvertible 3,658, than a Government tiod hand and foot, ond unable to assert its own nationality or protact its own people ot its own doora. When the General Government enforces the laws in Mississippl, or presorves the puace changed at $1,15) per gallon, Lako freights were dull at 2c¢for corn to Buffalo. Flour was in fair dumand aud stesdler, Wheat wus worv active and 1@3c higher, clouing at 110} cesh and $1,053 for October, Corn was quiet and irvegular, closlug at GGo casb, in Avkansas, or provents a wer of races in Loulaians, it is dono by virtus of its Ilome Rule, The exercise of the national authori. "ty anywhere within the broad limits of the Union is Home Rule, because the Gensral Governjaunt i3 at * howae " everywhare with. in the bounds of the American Republic. Whenever any State Govornment denies this Home Ruls of tho Gonernl tovernment and attempts to rula in its stead, it is Rebel Rule in place of Homo Itnle. The country las dis- posed of this kind of rnle onco: calling it Homoe Itulo rendera it no lesa usurpation and treason against tho nation. s A CURED HAM, Mr, Cuanres 1L Hax, late United States Appraiser of Goods for Cliicago, hna lost his official hiead, and is now contemplating it, as it lies in tho basket, with feelings of mingled mirth and wrath, The Secretary cut it off yesterday morning, cloan and sharp, withont any previous warning, although Mr. Hax hes of Iate bad uneany feelings in the region of his head, which, as he now ncknowledges, havo given him dreams of the guillotine. 3lr. Hax has not only Leen Appraiser, bat ho also bas been and is now the prominent ed- itorinl writer of the Inler-Ocean, While do- ing duty for Mr. Brtstow and receiving pay for it from the Treasury, ho has also been do. ing duty for the Inter-Ocean by pitehing into Mr. Batsrow and his policy, 'The very last isguo of hia paper contnined from his pen a fonr-colinn editorial tilled with statistics and tables of all descriptions gathered front blue- baoks, logarithm tables, foreign mission ro. ports, commercinl roturns, awl po- litical nlmnuacs, which he hurled at tho Secretary with refreshing vigor. o hina been hurling these three and four column tarill articles for a long time past, and at last tho Secretary could stand it no longer. This is entirely proper and in accordance with the fitness of things, Mr. Hax could not expect to continue belnboring the Sceretary with theso terrible tariff articles and receiving favors from him at tho samoe time. Now that Lig is freed from his official dutics ns Apprais- or, ho ean give his whole mind to his ultra- tarif bnsiness. Ho will now lave time to writo eight-column jnstead of four-column articles, and pound away at Brisrow with cart-loads of ammunition in the shape of new tables gathered from the Coast-Survey ro- ports, the bills of mortality, lifo-insurnnce calculations and other sonrces not yet util- ized in these remarkable articles. Mr, Hax could mot be appraising goods and writing theso ponderous leaders at the samo time. No really good editor can be & gaod Custotn- House Appraiser and attend to both duties ot once. JHaving hitherto con- structed theso remarkable four.column articles 60 that they would road up oy well ns down, and crosswise better than either, he will now ba able, perhnps, to construct some twice ss long, that can Lo read twice as many ways as tho others with- out making sense. It is for the best, there- fore, that “his head is of” As nn ed- itor, his position is permnnent and lucrative, and cannot be talien away from bim by any Sccretary. It is not exposed to those vicissi- tudes which are nlways linble to overtuke an Appraiser. Living in n calmar and more so- reno atmosphere, e can now proceed torevel in articles gy long as the moral law without fear of Busrow, IHis successor, Mr. Frro. canr, is a bright, smart, upright, and hon- orable young German, who wes a gallant sol- dier in tha War to crush the Reballion, and is respocted by all who know him, As he has uo editorial position to apnoy him and no four-column articles la write, ho will un. doubtedly make a good Appraiser. THE ENGLISH LAND SYSTEM. Tn the very interesting article of Mr. Howace WmrtE, copied from tho London Fortnightly into Tue Tumuse of the 25th inst., ho speaks of the English land systom, and states that whatover 1ay have hoen the ovils in tho past,and present from the monopoly of land in a few hands, they nre such as leglsintivo power is no longer -{la to rench or to greatly modify. He argues that if & tract of land equal to the whole area of Great Britain should riso from tho adjoining sea and bo divided equally among the inhabi- tanty, tho process of concentrating it in the hands of a few would begin immedintely, and soon result in tho aggrogation in a fow hands; snd this, he contends, must bo the result in any country where the accumulation of wenlth is grent, whero land ownership oon- fers social distinction, and where tho arca of 1and is small relatively to tho population. Upon this argument he rcaches the conclu- sion that the land monopoly is Inevitable, and i not an economio evil The land monopoly of England—that i, the concantration of the land in the hands of the fow to the exclusion of the many—is not duo but alightly to the posscssion of great wealth. 1In point of fact, tho ownors of grent wenlth cannot become purchasers of land, bacause the greator part of tho estates canuot be sold by thoso who hold thom. We admit that wealth mny purchase, but the possession of land in large tracts in the same family is duo to the laws of England, under which such & condition of things can alone exist, Tho land monopoly of Great Britain is not aresult, a8 Mr. Wirre assumos, of **a por- fectlly notural aud unconstrained course of trade,” where tho, rich man purchases for a foir considoration the land of his pooror neighbor. The monopoly has not thus been obtained. Tho Normans Lrought with themn from Franco to England the principlo of the foudal system, kuown as the law of primo- goniture, by which lands descended {o the noarest male relative. To this prerogative of inheritance was added tho law of ontail, by which the owner could confine tho inberitanco to tbe male successor in- detinitely, thus cutting off the right of salo or glionation, It has been undar the opera- tion of theso laws that large eatates have becn transmitted undivided for generations and under which estates have beon consolidated. ‘The owners of tho land have really been but tenants for life, with power, however, to in. cumber tho ostate with all manner of chargoes. Parliamontary power has been found to mod- ify and limit this system of sottloments and entails, and might as readily be exercised to prohibit sud abolish it altogether, Entails are now limited to n term of twonty-ono years boyond lives in being when the entail is mado; but the heir ¢can unite with the posseasor in oxtending the entail even to the Lelr of an unborn persou. Practically, the system of entall exists now, taking it out of tha power of the possessor to sell any por- tion of bhis Jand, no matter how anxious ho may be, or what prico msy be offored to him. In France, at the time of the Revolution, ninety years ago, the acoumulated eslatos of the nobility were confiscated, and the laws of primogeniture and entail wore aboliabed; the land pasaod into the hands of the masscs, hitherto excluded from ownership. Under tho operations of thls change of law, though the desire for land in France Is very strong, there has beon no sccumulations of catates. Theroisaredivision every generation,—female helrn taking the same shares as malea. The Fronch law was extendod, under NoroLrox, into the Garman Rhbine provinces and into wost of Bouthern Germany, to Hwitzeriand, and to Belgium. In all those Htates the land romaing subdivided tho same to-day, and, though wealth exists in thoso States and in Frauce, it has never been able to obtain tho Iand again for tho few to tho oxclusion of tho many, Tho lawa of division upon the death of the land.owner have kept down the concentration of tho land in the hands of the rich fow. There ia no renson to supposo that if the law of entail and primogeniture were nbol- ished in Great Britain tho effcet would not ba tho rame a3 in other countries. The division of estates of conrse would depend on the voluntary nction of the ownors, but the sy»s. tem of entails being ent off, natural foelings would soon lead to the equal division of land- ed cstates among children, An estato of 10,000 acres thus divided among six or cight children, with a farther division a genaration Inter botween tho children of these leirs, would soon terminata that enormous aceamu- lation, Then the man of wenlth would have opportunity to buy, Lut at his death Lis pur- chases would in liko manuer bo subject to n now apportionmont. It would tako time, but it wonld nevertheless in time become the rle for land-ownors bo leave the distribution of their landed estates to follow the courve of the law, In the countries wo have named, tho old rystem wan as strongly identified with the popular enstoms and traditions s it iy in Lngland, but the abolition of primogeni. ture proved o fatal that uo amount of ‘wealth has ever been able to captura the land, Tho nbolition of the laws of entail and of primogenituro in England wounld have a no Tess fatal effect on monopoly of Iands, Then there would be land for sale, which is now raroly the case, When an estate was divided, somo ono of the heira would exchauge hig portion for money, Gradually, the land, be- ing worth moro to the cultivators of it than to others, would pass in small quantities to the farmors, and, as is tho caso elsewhore, once in the hands of the people, the bulk of it would remain thore, in despite all the seductions of wealth and pridy SPAIN AND THE POPE. The arnival of the London papers throws somo additional light upon the recent ex- troordinary circular addressed Ly tho Papal Nuncio to the Spanish Bishops whick the telegraph did not clearly presont. The causo of tho circular was a clause in the new Con- Atitution which says no one shall bo inter- fered with on account of Lis religious opin- ions, nor in the excrcise of lis roligious wor- ship, eave as regards tho respect duo to Chris- tian morality. 1In responso to this, tho Vat- ican calls for the maintenance of tho first clause of tho concordat of 1631, which reads a8 follows : The Cathiolic Apostolic Roman reliyion, which, to the exelusion of ecery other ereat, continues to Lo the solo rolfgion of tho Hpanish nution, shall wlways bo maiutained In the SLitos of Her Catholic Majesty with all tho rights and prorogativos which it ought 1o pos- senn according to the lsw of God and the clauscs of tha Boly canona. ‘ho socond clanse of tho concordnt pro- vides that ““ all instruction in public or pri- ¥nte schiools shall be in conformity with tho Catholic faith, and the Bishop is clarged with watching ovor the purity of falth and norals in schools.” Tho third clause prom- ises the Bishops *‘tho help of the secular power overy time that they shall have oithor to oppose the malignity of men who try to pervert tho souls and corrnpt the moraly of the faithfal, or o stop the printing, introdue- tion, and cirenlation of bad and perverted Vooks™ Tho mont significaut passeye in tho circular is the following : It should not bo forgotten that one of the cansca of the civil war which still coniinuss in cortain provinces han been the way in which religlous unity has been misuyderstood by previous Governments, By alt theso reanons, and {0 vow of ticeo aad consequoncos, tho Iioly Hee kellavos ftaelf atrictly obligod 10 presout those opeCTVAnOus (O the Hpanish Goverumaent, ‘The collision between tho cireular and tho Constitution is apparent. Tho former would provent every crecd but tha Cotholic from being exercised, while the latter guarantees tolerstion and puts an and to Catholio mo- nopoly and unity., How far the new Consti~ tution, backed by a Liberal Ministry, may ba set asido at the demand of the Nuncio, even theugh that demand is nccompaniod with the threat that the blessing of the Qhurch may be trauaferred to DoN Cantos, may be in. forred from en incident in the recont surron- derof tho fortross Sco de Urgel to tha Al- fonsists. Among the prisoners surrendored was an Ultramontane Bishop who had beon giving nid and comfort to the Carlists, and hnd made himsclf specially conspicuous in his hostility to tho Alfonsists by doparting from the strict lino of his religions duties, Notwithstanding the fact that the wholo Ultramontane paxty of Spain, acting under iuetructions from the Nuncio and the Vatican, endoavored to get lim removed to Rome under protext of having him tried there ecclosinstically, tho Madrid Government shipped him off to Alicanto, where ho will be tried undar the sixth clauso of the Capitulation act, which reads as fol. lows : *¢ Prisoncrs accused of common crires shall be delivered up to justico for tho same,"” Tho incident ja significant es foreshadowing the policy of the Madrid Government with roference to tho audacious domands of tho Vatican. It showa that the Clurch has loat ita political grusp in tho only country where it biad a foothiold of secular power. At last the thrent of tho Nuncio that the Bishops shall have the secular power to aid them is an empty one. Liberal Spain is coming to the front, and in this rosistance fo priest- craft is the first gleam of hope for that dis- tracted country. Cnpricious and volstile ns Fronchmon aro, and frequent as rovolntions and tho coup d'etat may be, thera are now aud then occa. sions when the Frenchman's resolution and conslstency come out in very strong light. An instance of this is afforded in the case of the Admiral De ra Ronomux e Neony, whose vory remarkable lotter was printed in Tue TRIBUNE o fow doys ago. The Admiral, to whom tho Republio Lnd intrusted the Mediterrancan fleet, is a strong Donapartist, and likewise one of the Deputies for the Eura, a department which is also represcated by the Duo Dz BrooLiz, the Orleanist leader, and M. Raoor Duvar, who is the prospective leader of the Bonapartists. The Admiral was invited to sttend a banquet which was in- tonded to be of an anti-Republican charaoter. Not being able to attend, ho sent a violent anti-Republican lettar, with the intontion that it -should bo made public, So far as any mere political criticiim or declarations might have been concernod, the Governmont would probably hiave passed them by without uotioe, but whon he declarcd in the letter that he would not obey the Government of Franco if he should happen to differ from its political opinlons, which was tantamount to eaying,that Le would not obey the Prosident of & Republio if a Ministry should be chosen from the Left Contro, the offonse becsmo personal, and affected the writer not ouly asa politician Lut as an Admiral, The Govern. ment thoreupon sumunarily dismissed him from hia position na soon as his lettor hind been mado publio. The action of the Admi- ral is not remarkable, rinea in I'ranco all her sailors and roldiers nra politicians, and, like sailors nud soldiers everywhere, bad poli- ticians, An American Admiral who should writo such n letter wonld bo considered o cnn- didate for an insane asylum, but nothing is strango in Franco. IRTERRATIONAL ARBITRATION. Tho Associnlion for the Ileformn and Codi- fication of the Iaws of Nationa closed its session of 1875 at Tho Tiague on the anni. versary of the fall of the French Fanplro, Sept, 4. The Empire fell by neglecting vno of the main priveiples which the Arsocintion wishes to prowote,—that of international arbitration. The question wns ongerly do- bated by the Congress, and somo new light was thrown upon it. 3t seems that one provision of the Paria Treaty of 1836 declared that internationnl disputes ““ought™ to bo submitted to arbi. tration beforo a declaration of war was made. 'This was & recommendation, not a rule, nnd has therefora beon almost entirely disre- garded. There was no arbitration baforo tho Yronch enmpaigns in Italy in 1859 ; none be- tween Prussin and Austrin ou tho one fide;, and Denmark on the other, in 18G5 ; noue in 1866, when the two robber. oations quarrcled over their booty; and none in 1870, when Irance fought her duel of denth. The most notablo easo of narbitra- tion, in fact, hos been between two nations, one of which refused to become o party to thopact of Paris, Tho Umited Slates wns requested to join in that momorable declara~ tion of the rules of civilized warfaro, but de- clined, through Wittiax L. Manor, the then Sceretary of State, one of our forgotten sintesmen, whose name, if romembered at all, is recalled only as that of the author of the infamous political dogma: “To the vie- tor belong the spoils.” Mr. Manoy often ox- pressed his deop regret at having suggested this corrupting theory, but the practice of it curses us to this day. ‘We offered to join in tho Paris Declaration, provided the Congress of Nations which pro- mulgated it wonld add tho statement that *freo ships moke freo goods.” Tho world ligz not yat grown up to this doctrine, but tho United States has the credit of being the first nation to formally declare its belief in it. Tho grounds on which the Congross that hos just ndjournod declared its faith in thg binding ellect of tho decrecs of an Interna- tional I'ribunal, & sort of Migh Court of Na- tions, are worth consideration, As swmiged up by one of the members, Dr. Muzs, an Amorican and the Genernl Secretary of tho Associntion, they are, first, the nnture of the Court's origin ; sccond, its character ; third, the sentiment of natjonal honor ; and fourth, the oulightened selfichness of each nation. The Court would be established by the voluntary consent of ull the nations will- ing to unite for this purpose, It would be ropresentntive in ita character, Tho nations represented would bo bound in honor to obey the decrees, 1P this g',-vud insufficient, the whole forco of the Teagued countries could be ealled upon to compel obedience, just o tho force of the whole Uniled States ccn be used to enforce the judgment of n Dumtrict Court from Maine to Oregon. TFinally, it will be to thio interost of every notion to obey, just asit is to the tmo interest of every man to obey the decisions of the courts of his country, Tho Congress at The Hagne affirmea theso facts; passed n resolution that it wns the duty of Governmonts, in the interest of humanity and civilization, to enter upon no- gotintions for the purposo of a mutual reduc- tion of armaments; and requested Chyisten- Jdom to take practical steps towards the ostublishment of international arbitration, ‘Wo learn with varying emotions that Davm Doprey Finup was elected a Vico-Presidont of the Association for the next year, Wo should prefer to havo Ameriea complimentod through rome other man than the friend snd lawyer of Fiag and TweeD, e THE BELLEFONTAINE LYNCHING. The lynching of Jaues W, Smxry, the mur- derer, nt Bellofontaine, Ohio, on the 2{th inat., presonts some aspects which are worthy of considoration. Lynchings, as a rulo, pre- gent but few argnments that can bo used in defenso of the msurpations of the functions of law by thoso mot suthorized to employ them. In this partieniar instance, howover, while the interference with thoe progresa of justico is to bo condemned, there aro circum. stnnces which tend to palliate the action of the indignaut people who roso in thoir wrath and mwept the murderer out of eoxistence without waiting the slow process of the Court, with ita now trials, writa of error, and mandamusos for the benofit of eriminala, In the first place, the orimo commilted by this wrotch wus one of poouliar enormity, dasms W, Burrs, was o tonant of Mr, Mo- Lavanuiy, o highly respected farmer of Lo- gon County, Olio, who had a lovely daughter of 14, Ono day, whilo Seery and his wife ond this young lndy wers at a picnio in the woods, upon sotae protenso be induced Miss McLavositay, to go into the forest some dis. tance with him, leaving his wife behind. o thon violated her person by force sgainst hor serenms and struggles, and aftorwards murdored her, mutilating her in tho most barbarous manner, The first nowa of the manner of hor death came from tho confession of Suewn's wife, who had seen him go into the woods with her, and bad hoard the girl's Acreams and imploring cries, The bloody knifo with which the villain had stabbed hor was found in his pocket, Tho nows sont such a thrill of horror through the neighborhood that the people rose as if with one nccord, and dotormined to put him out of existence, They wero not lawless peoplo, nor desperndoes, such as often engagoin lynchings, but peaceablo, quiet, law-abiding farmers, who ondiuarily would bave allowed the law to take its coarse, Dut this wasa casy which came directly home to them. Buch grent crimes in small rural places pro- duce a degreo of horror which ia nover felt in cities, whero ono scarcely knows his neigh. bor, and this wan & erimo of the most flondish deseripton, praoticed upon a lovely young girl who was the pride of her family and friends, It aroused a deadly feoling of ro- venge, but, wild as was their wrath, they con- ducted everything in an orderly manner. They mot aud formed themselves into com- punies and marched to the jail, and, upon being donied pdmittanco, battered dowa the door with s railroad-rail, took the wretch out of his cell, and conducted him to tho nearest trea. A ropo was thrown over a limb and noosed around his neck. He was given timo to make Whatever atatement he pleasod; a notification was mndo to him that his last instructions would ba observed, and an op- portunity was given him for prayer, after which the box upon which he stood was knocked oul from under him, and le paid th penalty of his awful crims, Thereupon tho crowd dispersed quietly to their homes, onl the tragedy was al an ond. of the young girl bnd been nvenged by hor frionds and neighbors, and the infanons Lrute will no longer polluto the carth with his presance, ‘There can Lo no doubt, iow. ovor, since the murderer wus under wecuro arrest that it would have been better fo have tried him properly beforo a legal jury, to hava convicted him proporly hefore n legal Judge, and then have hanged him properly Ly a Bheril. But somo allowanco must bo made for the intensity of the thrill of horror which this crime produced in a rural com. munity, aud the irresistible feeling for ppeady vengeance which urged them on Lo dispateh the murderer in the same manner that they would have alnin a wild beast, and in this instanco the murderer waa more cruel and pitiless than a bepst, I¥ was o erimo almost without parallel for atrocity, and thero was no doubt of the murderer's guilt to plend for him, Thero is no one who will say that his doom was undeserved, although many will condemn tho moans of his taking off. In seeking to find some palliation for this usur. pation of juatico by thoss mnauthorized to executo it, thore is anothoer thing to be talkon into account, that is, the doubt in the minds of the community whetlior justice will bo completely exccuted by the judicinl authori. tics. In mlmost every recent caso of lynch- ing this doubt has been the impelling motive which has nrged peoplo to the comminnion of unlawful deadq. It is n question, therefore, whether tho officera of justico themuolven aro not to some degree responsible when peoplo tako tho law into thewr own hands, Ono thing is cortnin, If it woro sure that when a murderer is arrested he would be tried promptly, that the quibbles and technicalition of cunning lawyers would not bo employed to shield him and cover the originnl charge, that if convieted bio would be promplly hangea instond of being counlined in prison, with a well-defined probability of n relenso after a certnin time, there would bo little lynching. Ifthio law wassure to bo enforced, thero would be no inducoment to usurp its prerogatives. It seems to bo pretty certain that the In- dian Commission appointed to treat for the abandonment of the Black Hills reservation will not be abl te make any arrangement whatever for the relense of this territory. Tho Indinns refuse to trent on nny terms, and oven the lives of tho Commissionors have boon threatened, If thiais a correet repre- sontation of tho situation, the Government shonld remove the prohibition to whites to énter upon this reservation, and permit those who desire to go there for mining purposes. They will do nothing to the land which will injuro it for the purposes for which the In. dians use it, and this seems to ho the only woy of tesling its valun snd ns- cortnining whether it s worlh pur. chasing ot an exorbitant price, Cer- tainly every rensonable consideration has Vcon shown o {ho Indiaus in this matter. All sorts of offers havo beon mnde thom. They have rejocted overy proposition and threatenod the lives of the Government Com- missioners, nnd now the Government will be fully justified in nsserting its power. If the Black Iills contain rich mines, thero is no renson why the world should be robbed of this treagure bocauso a fow roamning eavages will noither work thew nor sell them, If they do not, tho factcanuot be more cheaply ascer- tained than by protecting the men who are willing to risk their time and money in mal- ing tho test. Tho aticlo in tho Now York 1Wordd mora than bints that in ense ““the blatant dema- cessful, thero mny be o necossity for organ- izing o new party having for its purpose the restorstion of hard money, rovision of the tariff, roform of tho civil servico, and rovival of ““homorule.” It admits that the courso of the inflationists may defent the cloction of a Domocratio President in 1876, but even such n result would not prove such a calami- ty, as it would of necessity compel the organ- ization of this new party. The artiola is full of significance, showing the irreconcilable differenco botween the two wings of tho Democratic party. 1t is not so mnch with tho iutontion of dis~ coursging tho wman who lives by borrowing a chew of tobsoco that we mention tho way a Mil- waulkos tobacconlst makes fine-cut, as to ex- Liblt the thrift snd cconomy of a brilliant American, He has in Lia employ four little girla who sro paid at the rato of onemill each for ovory old cigar-stump and rojected—not to eay desiceatod—chew found by them in cuspidor or sand-box, or evon in guttor, Theso are used in tho manufacture of frosh chewing tobacco, aftor boing reatorod 1o hfo and moisture with molasspa. The only porsnos who can ralse any objection to this economical metompeychosie, 80 to spoak, of fino-cul, aro the extravagsut mauunfaoturers of the aiticle from frosh matorial, But think of the tersptation it romoves from tho tender youth of the atrest-Arab tribo to learn tho Labits of amoking and chiowing, frm s oty A olerk in tho Intornal Rovonuo offico at At- Isuta recoully committud sulcide, and in au anto- mortotn lottor to a fricnd openod up the endless discunslon of tho othics of sulcide, It seomu that ho was in Jove with a young woman whom ho bad seduced, and Joft {a a dlaroputablo hougo after running off with her, Il had a family, aud this, for somo reason, was au lmpediment to tho marriago of the loviog palr, 1 must dio to provont disgrace,” is the ploasant mophism Jwith which he shufilex off and out. The superk Toltroonery of this romark atould bo » warniug. ‘Tho disgrace was savod to bim, posalbly, but the woman? ** Vory hko s man," {y thoe comment of » womsn on such au act. Vory like a Brook- lyn man, and you are right, fair dame, WS- iy The Albany Express thinks thers may bo a #plit in the Demooratic party poxt yoar, and then oxpresses thiy bolief in regard tharoto: Wo Lelleve it fu bo Mz, TILDX's alm 10 seouira tha topublican nowinutiun ' for the Presidency ezt yoar, and it 4 srong the possibliftiva thut he will ba “suct cosaful, ‘The Tag-nionsy men aro likely to boins wnajoriiy in the Nutional Democratio Conveation, sod, s thop dre, and do ot absudon hele thooried, 'ther wil a #plis, and the sound.currenoy w the party il take U, Tisuex for ile staudas er, uch » nomination, sustsiued by the Uovernor's repu- taton for reform, aud by the coucessions which bo haa made {0 o Yudependents and Lepublicans, would givo litus » strong hold uton the Republlcan Couvens Vention, sud quite posslbly leag to hls fndorsement, Tho Infer-Ocean 18 the anly Democratlo raper fn Chiongo tiat contuins (o true inwardnugs, 14 s hor- oy omoceatio o only practica : 1 countey.~Cinainnai Commeerat, e berore All tho Domoorstio papers in Obio copy ity ehinplaster-ourroncy artlcles, und rall thewm like #weol morsels andor (beir luflated tongucs, Bpeaking of the floancial 1euue, the Boston Adcertiser predicts that both pasties, in their Nations! Conveutions nest year, will » try to avold stroug terms, which wonld be paintul to sick or infirm mombery." —— Worcestor, Masn., ots an example to other mare preteutlous cities by applying the dog-tax to tho support of ite publio library. Thus is & kept in our-rent literature, Apropos of the recent ontbrask of wife-family- and-straugor-kicking by the Brittab rough, it is pleaning to learn from Losd Angwpaur, flome Hecretary, that thers 18 “a gratifying dimioution The murder gognes who would lend the Democrats of Ohio nod Ponnsylvania to perdition ” be ste- ot erimo ™ n Albion, and that tho national oo, wcionca (s more activo than formorly. Porhapg tho Iattor aencrtion I true, bub (¢ 60, the ny. tional eonavience must Jurk in the reconses gf | tho national boot. - [ S, POLITIOAL NOTES Accordiug to tho Cincinnatt Commerelal, thy, only way in which the Domocrats can camy Innflton Gonnty 18 by f1aud and rufanism fn thioso warda where thoy have complote control The Tlou. Hiram Prico, of Davenport, la saig to bo & candidats €or United Btates Senator, f1g is tho second choico of tha Havlnn dolegates, Tiy tho woy, Mr. Harlan Ia nat showiog thas ag. tivity 1o the campaigu wiitch was promisod. Gon, B. F. Butlar will appoar in the Masss. churoita Republican Consontion to-morraw agq dologate from Gluncenter. Tho §8 uudoratood, of couteo, to bo n Loring man, and will uap hiy sare powera of parlismentary subterfogo ang ovasiou In tho Loring interoat. A phaga of tha politienl situation {n Now Tork and Altassschinset!s i the appearance of the ano. man power in tho Democratio Conventlons o both Statos. Tho Demacratio tickot n Masss, chusotty i Gaston's ticket, juss a8 the Domo. cratic tickot tn New York is Tildon's tickot. Oshlconls §8 aolid for Adams. The Northwoed. €rn hiopea to ohironicle hin aucoers in the Massy. chugetts Republ.can Conventlon, 8o doos Ty Tarsune. 1t is a carious political fact, thay there 1 & good doal af nawspaper sympathy fop tho Adams family in o1l parts of the country, Tle Independont (tormon papers in Wisconsin gettarally euppeat the Ropublican ticlet ; ang thero I8 overy indication that the Qorman poo. ploof the Btatoalso **voto with Ludivgtop.® Tho Densocrata ara kald Lo deapalr of esrrying Taylor througl, but thoy still liopo to sveure § majority ju tho Logislature, It is & vory common thing in tho prerent can. vasa for members of tho Legislature in Towa t; interregate candidrtes as to thoir viowa on capl, tal punisimont. At least one Republican candic dato for the Bonato, Judge Dashioll, has boldly avowod that he bolsaves in hnngin; nd othors aro known to be of the samo way of thinking, Cherloy Ham has gone to meot Phil Wads. worth, Touching rominiacences sro in order of the way in which tho Appraisor defended the Collector whentho Collecior was romoved. Whq will dofend the Appraisor nosy 7 Who will recol. lect that removal without eauso is an outrago,— o violation of the spirit of civil service reform? Congressman Wilson's Joint debate with Shop. hard Iofler, Domeeratic caudidate for Gor. arnor of Towa, i8 sald by the Hapublican papors to hava beon mest unfortunato far the Jattar, Lefler bad been protty miccessful up to that time in avolding Rapublican stump-speakers, aud his oxperionce with Mr, Wilson i8 nat roe nssuring. Bome of the hiard-monoy Domocratic organsin tho Tast aro beginning to suggest that tho peo- plo of Ohio may presorve their conuiatoney by votiug agsinst Allen eud In favor of tho balaace of tho Brate tirkot. This ndvlco secms to take it for grauted that only tho bead of the party in Oliio stands on the platform of the Bunkor Hill Conveution, y The eandidato for Btato Treasurar fn Wiscon. sin ou tho Tewporauce tickot declines to pormit + tho uso of Liis ame. He iy uconaistont tempar- anco man, but ho regards the policy of a sop. nraco tickot as absurd and chimorical. Thoe twe principal candidatos haviug doclined, the Tem- peranco pasty in Wisconein may bo oonwidored out of tho flold for this year, Tho suggoention of tho 8pringfield Repudlican thas Mr. Goorgo H, Alonroo, Demncratic candie date for Beerotary of Stalo fu AL wachusots, would go oft tho track it Mr. Aaams were nom« ivatad for Governor by the Republicans, seomq to hiavo no basia in fact, Mr. Mouroo {8 not an ndmirer of Adams, Ho donbtless wants the of- fleo to which ho hna boen nominatod, and wonld nacrifico o good deal to got fe. Sam Cary's 8o accompanios Sam Cary on his politieal jaunta in Oluo; aud what Sam Cary noys is duly reported for tho Cinelnantl Enquirer by Sam Cery's won, Tho nreangement e besutls ful. As tho Oldo Slale Journal says: '*The victures of the inoffuble glory of Samuol F. Cary ax o Domoaratio eandidato, which appenr in the Enguirer; are thiogs of beauty and a joy for- ovar in thia day of juvenile discespoct aud trrov- orence." Sinco Mr. Scott Wike hag shown anch romorks ablo guod seues on the currency questlon, the Quinoy Whig is confirmed in its resolntion t¢ support him for the Bpcakersbip, Ar. Vike stands mno chance at all, If the Spesker. ablp comos to Illmois, Mr. Carter H. Harrlsoa will gob it. Ho had soms parliamentary ex porience in our Board of County Commissioners, ond §8 bouter fitted for the Speakership than Seott Wike, The Jauesvillo (Wia,) Gazetle betleves that Tax Cicaco TRIBUNE has boon dolng tho country good servica fu calllag the attoution of the pube le to tho onormous Incressa which bas taken place in this country during tho past five years in our tocal dobts and taxes. * It is tho glamour of appsront proapority, caused by the oxpend- turo ot borrowed capital in vatious cnterprises, which bas blinded many good people to tho roal Iaota of our finaucial gituation, and lod thom to #uppose that tho businoes creatod by thoss ex- penditures was in soms way altributablo tosa irredoomab'e curroncy,” Tho Gazetle obsorves foreivly that il {8 o mistake to supposa the samo conditions of busiuess which wa have enjoyed while wo havo boon running iu debt would ba coutluued by an iucreaso of the depreciuted cur roncy, ——— PERSONAL, Charloy Ham 1s in & protty plckle, Tha Rov. Dr, Wines, of Springflold, is b &bt Taciie, Dismarck's daughtor's uame Is Johauns, and sho iy 84. Mr. John Forater, of England, is regiatered s tho Paimer. Asj. @. M, Frayoll, of Galveston, is & gues! ot tho Pacitie, Prof. A. A. Qriffith, of Freeport, Ia sojourning at tho Tromont, Mr, lcks Iy coming over to this country, Tt Behienck tobo rocallod 2 Tho Hoa, W, IL f. Miller, of Indisnspolls, it stopping at the Bhorman. Androw Johuson's estato fooled up 8175,00 deapite the non-insurance, The Hon, Robort Xughes, of Baludmore tarrioa at tho Troment House, Towell lall, Preaident of the Grand Raplds & Saglnaw Ralroad, {s at the Paimer. ‘Iho Hona. V. 1. Hauborn and £, J, Tormey, of Boston, are gussts at the Sherman. Rimmel, the pertumor, ls golug to send somt potfumes sud six ladles to shie Bcentanaial, Edmund About, the * man with he broke ear," i3 going to writs up Philadelphia's Exposd twon, The Emperor of Brazil hsa the Snest dis mands {o the world, besides belng an unaffecter Reutlemau, They talk of *Robeson's littie fest st Long Branch,” which mesns thist be ls not & * Loop vilie” man. Ts Don Carlos engaged upon some new pawed to subvert modern mechanics that he ceases o bo neard of ? Canon Kingsley, of London, has a successoy In Williaw O, Kingsley, the biy gun of tha Brookiya plvates. . Salvinl's Foglish wifo-that-Is-to-bo Is said to bo & big bonanza, He's vain euough himaolt 0 wake tho mateh equal, The Hon, J. N. Tyoer, Asalstant Postmasters Qeneral, of Washiogton, i stoppiog ab ko Bherman with Lis family. Detroit Free Press: Long Jotn Wentworlls says s @ A mau never knows what it ato feal alone in the wozld untll he Las grabbed & @ )