Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, September 20, 1875, Page 4

changed, at 2ic for corn to Buffalo. Iligh- wines were nctive, nt $1.15 per galion, Flonr was dull and ensier. Wheat was active and 2lelower, closing at $1.03{ cash and .07} for October. Corn was active and 2 lower, closing at 504c cash and 5730 for October. Oats wera in foir demand and {@1e lower, closing nt 37c ecash and 23}e for October, Rye was firmer, at 76!@770. Darley was quiet aud 1c lower, closing at $§1.11 for Sep. tember and $1,05} for October, Togs were .in moderate demand and unchanged, selling at %6,50@9.50, Cattle were quiet and wonk, Saler were principally at $3.00@5.00. Bheep remnined #leady, with sales of poor to extra at %3.50G5.25 per 100 s, One hundred dollarn in gold would buy §116.75 in green- biwks at the close. RATRH OF ATRFCEIFTICN (FAYATLE TN ADVAXCE), Postaxe pald nt this Ofile Dally Paition, pst .912.00 1.00 200 [l roun wrRR o & Aterary anil Neliglous doubin 1.50 o) 20:00 On AN clubn tha aubscriber mush remit the postage which is 16 eanta & sony por year. Epecimen copica sent free, Taprevont deiay and mistakes, be sure and givs Post-Onien address o tull, fnclindmg Statoand Conuty, Temittauces may be made rither by drafl, exprent, Fost-Offics order, or fn reyistersil letters, at our Fisk, TPRMA TO CITY AUDCRIDFRS, conta par week. cents per week, 1BUNE COMP . Chicago, Til, Datly, delivered, Hunies oxcepted Daxly, delivered, Sunday f Addreos TIN: Gorner Madiron And Dearbort preiinp e Some of the difficnities, present and pros- pective. snrrouuding the laboms of the Com- mission appointed to negotinte the purchaso of the Black Hills, are sot forth in A lotter from our correspondent at {he Led Cloud Ageney, published this morning. The Sioux, to the number of about 25,000, have nssom- Dbled or are on their way to the place appoint- ed a8 the rendezvonz for the Grand Council, but the exnct time of holding that angust pow- to forocast, as the Indians nre certain of faring sumptuously. and living indolently while the preparations are pro- greesing, and are in no hurry to proceed to basiness, They aro believed to have come with big idens of the prica they aro to de- mand aud reccive for the Tills, having fixed tho purchinso money in their minds at Any- where from $30,000,000 to 350,000,000, or six lo cight timesthe sum they will be of. fTered, as the members of the Commission nro ot deeply impressed with the auriferous value of the region under consideration. TO DAY'S AMUSEMENTS. 1 ntract, betwecn 3 or ) et of N, D, Lob- sl unil B erts’ Combinatis MUS T MeVICKER'S THEATKT—Madinon street, betvcen Dearvora ond State, nuing a Cornor,” '8 THEATRE=Rwilolph street, hetween Clurk and Jasalle, Lugiganent of the Cailfornia Minatrels, WOOD'R MUSETM—Monroe strent, hclrnfl} Dear- Born wnd Steie, Afternonn, st Lyune,” Lveuing, +*Caato ® and " Tho Irish L CRICAGO THEATRE-Clark strict, Letwoen Ran- dolph and Lk Married Life " and * Towpking ihe Troubadour, ADELPHI TR Manioe, Engan: *"Ilie Two Orphi ot street, corner aleies Rankih Troupe. INTER-STATE EXFuUSITION—Lako shore, foot of Adams street, TSOCKTY MEETIN LINCOLN PAILK LODGE, Nou 611, A, T, and A, M.— 1a 1 10 the Tnombers to assemble at 1y, nt 13245, suther, Joun ¢ 1350, Mharp, ¥, A SERIES OF CURRENCY PROBLEMS. Wo print elsewhere a series of questions nsked by Mr, .Davio Witpen, of tho State ‘T'rensury oftice at Boston, Masy., relative to the advisability of redoeming the green. lacks according to their promise, nnd its effcct upon the commercial interests of the country, The position which Mr, WiLprs assumes—{hal of opposing the resumption of specie payments—is & very singular one for a gentleman who is apparently in tho tervice of a State which pays the intorest of its debt in gold, and who is nusocinted with men who are almost universally in favor of a sound, stable, nnd honest currency. How. ever, we will try to auswor Lis questions cat- egorically : 1. Mr. Witner wnatsto know whethor Tue Tamese Company has not moro monoy owing to it than it owes ; nnd therefore has & pecu- niary interest in wanting the currency to bo improved in value nnd stability. Wo reply in the negative. Since the firo of 1871, when Taue Trpsuse Company snffered very henvy loss by that contlagration, it has owed more than it has had coming to i¢, and in advoent- ing good money it i mot actuated by the short.sighted, sclfish motives which Mr. Wirnrn insinuntes, 2, The balance against the West and South in power of the East consists mainly in the advances made on the exchange of commodi- ties, 'The Enst tnkes the agricultural products of the Wost and South, and the West and South purchnse merchandise from the Enst. If wo have bought merchandiso which we haven't paid for, it mnat be paid for eventually ; and if the Government postpones n resumption of rpecie payment until this difference, which is renowed from month to month aud year to year, shall be setlled, we fear that thero will bo no vedemption of greonbacks during the present gencration nor for the generation to come. 4. In regard to what this country owes abroad, wo do not aco how it cuts any figure in the controversy, since we must pay our foreign debts in gold in any ovent. Green- backs nro mot rccognized a8 a currency abroad, and if wo have purchnsed and en. joyed foreign merchaundiso, or borrowed foreign money, we nre undor the strictest obligation to pay those debts in the money of the world, according to contract or promiso, e, % of uthy The Chicagy Tribune, Boptembor 20, 1876, Monday Marn Ureenbacks opened at the New York Ex- chunge on Saturday nt 86, declined to 84}, adyaneed to 553, and closed at &5 Carny, oz will deliver nine xfwachm in Oliio, the first to be given in Cincinnmti, ut tho request of the moerchants of that city, Among tho many reports of heavy frosls and chilling blasts comes n statement which caps the climax of unscasonablenegs, It is that at River Du Loup, in the Provineo of Guebee, snow to the depth of 12 inches fell during Saturday. And tho dispateh naively adds that it is feared that mauch damage to fruit will result., What the State Board of Equalization hava accomplished in tho nsseasent of tho valnes of lauds, city aud town lots, and personal property in the various counties of Ilinois, together with the per cents added to and de- ducted from thoe rospective county valun- tions, is shown in o series of tubulated state- ments published elsewhere in this issue. A threat from Rome, intended to influ- cuce the nction of the Spaunish Cabinct, comes in the shape of instructions to the Nuncio to quit Madrid forthwith in casie of an nggressive decision regarding his recent circnlar, How far the Government of Spain will bo swayed by this prospect of having to manago afinirs of Stute without the spiritual sanction nnd guidanco of the Popo's repre- rentative remnins to be seen, “The autumn maneuvres of the Fifth and Sixth Corps of the German anmy, which were concluded ot Liegnitz on Friday, are seribed with great particulerity in the cablo dispatches, Ewperor WiLriay, Vox Mortsr, A number of Enropenn Princes, and a party of American oflicers wituessed tho sham bat- tes, which keem to have been conducted 4, We have frequently explained that thero are no distinet debtor and creditor classes, Of coursio thers are men who have more coming to them than they owe, and others who owe more than is owing to them; but the whole country eannot bo arbitrarily d&- vided into two distinct classes of debtora and creditors, as we divide it into white men, and black men, or into males and fomnales. If o man awes more than he has coming to him, and has not the resources to pay, ho is bankrupt, and it cannot make much differ cence to him whether the currency is good or bad; he can’t pay in cither cnse. The debta ors are the men who have bad the use and possession of other mon's property, and they should pay for it ; the creditors are the mon who have loaned their property or sold it, and they are entitled to receive thoir pay; but as most men are both debtors and credit- ors, tho apprecintion of the curremoy bal. ances itself. Thousands who'are more debt- or than eroditor to-day become moro creditor than debtor to-morrow, b, *Increasing the valuo of ths dollar,” This cannot be dose. A dollar is 100 cents, or nbout 24 grains in gold. Nobody asks that tho value of the dollar be increased, It is certainly not wrong to demand that the greenback, which purports to represent a dollar, shall be made to beworth what it pre- tends to be, Bub i the converse of Mr, Wipke's proposition true? Is it right to depreciato the value of the groonback? 'This is what tho Democrats in Ohio, Pennsylva- uin, and other States, and the inflationists everywhero, want (o do, G. Wodo not think, ns Mr, Wirpes inti- wnates, that our financial troubles wore owing to the appreciation of onr greenbacks 95 per cent under Guantand Bovrwern. In reply to this allegution, wewill let Mr, Bourweey speak for himself. In the course of an nd- dress delivered o fow nights apo in Cincln. nati, Mr. Bovrwer, epeaking of the great apprecintion in the value of the currency be. tween 1868 and 1872, suid ; What heppenod uest 7 Tha prico of gold foll from 93¢ premium for the year 188 {o 523 for the year 1570, o a triflo less thar 13 per cant for the year 1471, or a trifle loss than 12 pex cent for tho yar 1872, and for the year 1573, 1384100 for cetit prerpium,—eataln Lishing beyond all quostiou the fact {Lat the Govern- wmeunt could go on by s wise poley dimiulsbing the promium on gold withous ombaressslug the industrics of the country, And I sppeal 10 you, geutiemen, mor- chiants, manufscturcre, mechauics, laborers, all who are hearing me, whoetbor the country ever witnessed within your knowledge, or upos your scquaintance with Litwtory or tradition, ever experienced four yuurg of more uninterrupled proaversty than the trst four Years of Gen. Graxt's adininistration, 7. In regard to contractors being deterred from boirowing what money they want by the prospect that it will appreciate in value, they wero pot deterred from doing this be- tween 1868 uud 1872, when the appreciation Bd twico us great as’ that proposed within the uext four years, and wo do not see why . they should be deterred from it now, Con- tractors, uuder o fluctuating currency, always vith u degree of serionsness not altogether pleasant to the defeated troop A_gentlemen now living in Chieago, but who was in various eapacities identified with the Indisn supply system for a number of years, hos contributed some interesting facts in relution to the frauds of the Indien Ring, showing the methods by which the Agents and the beef-contractors progressed along the vond to afllucuce ot railrond speed, The nar- xative, though denling more largely in partic- ulams, corresponds quite closely with the stateraents mede by Prof, Mansu and Sasuen Warnken eoncerning the oro recent roguery unenrthed by thoke gentlemen, and essists aunterinlly in exphint g how Boster, who Iutely nppeared beforo the Investizating Com- mission, mannged. to make & not profit of $100,000 in one year on his beef contracts. — The apprehonsions cot ruivyg the fate of tho City of Galveston, Tex.,, are huppily re- woved by tho restoration of telegruphic com- munication after a suspension of three days, ‘I'ho railroad trains bad also cemsed to reach tho city on account of tho washing away of the bridges connecting the island with the mainland, and the storm was so severe 1w to delay the passage by water to New Orlenns, All this led to the fear that Galveston might have suffered o terrible ealamity by wind and flood, but it now turns out nothing like so budly. A furious cyclone swept tho waters of the Gulf of Mexico into the bay, and up into the streets of Galveston, causing the loss of but few lives, and o damnnge to prop- wrty estimuted at from $100,000 to $200,000, Church dedications in Ohicngo yesterday Acro mainly monopolized by tho Romun Catholic denomination. At the dedication of the Church of tho Bacred Ifeart, a spacious edifice in the southwestern part of the city, the Right Hov. Bishop Hrxxessey, of Du- bugue, preached a sermon powerful from his stondpoint, and interesting from auy point of view, though it will astonish many worthy and well-informed persons to learn thut Lu- Ties and bis Reformation contemporaries wero not reformers at all, * but Lauditti, rob- bers, marderers, libertines,” It iy purely a coincidence that a discourse on Wise Fools," by the Rev. Basust, Warcrey, Re- formed Lpiscopul, is published this morning under the general head of *'The Pulpit” alony with Hishop HennesseY's sermon, The Catholic Church of Our Lady of Sorrows was also dedicuted yesterday, The Chicago produce markets were vory Srregular Snturday, Mess pork was quiet aud Go per brl highoer, closing ot $21.95 cash uud ¥21.65 for October. Lerd was quict aud Bo per 100 s higher, closing at $13.55 cash or scller Octobor. Meats were in bet- ter demand and steady, at 7§ for, shoulders, 1130 for short riby, and 11]@1% for short Moars. Lake fralghts were quict aud un- nllow anargin in their own favor. If the currency appreeintes, instend of doprecinting, it i3 to their advantage. 'The changoe pro- teets them from strikes for higher wages or lock-onts for lower, and enables them {o buy their material at roduced figures, 5o that tha appreeintion of the valuo of the eurrency, if reasonnbly certain to occur, eannot fail to be an inducement for contractora to wnderiako oll the new work thoy can pet. This iy the way it worked hetween 1568 and 1872, 8, Mr. Wirpen nssumea the dinsinclinationtn Lorrow aa the reason why go much money is tying idle in our largo citics. 'The eluggith- ness of the loan market arises in part from fears of the future, The Iack of confidenco does not come from an apprehension that the money will grow batter, but from a fear that it will grow worse. Tlhe hope of an appre- ciation of tho valuo of the currency is an in- ducement to lend it on long time and at a low rate of interest, for the apreciation itself will taks the place of interest. 'Tho hard times come in part from the fear of invest- mentsp aud that comes from the uncortainty of a variablo cnrrency, with its inovitablo of- fects on business. 9. Mr. WiLDER proposes o genling system, This in more or less fanciful, and, so far, en- tirely theoretical. Tho only equitable system of sealing that oceurs to us is the repenl of the Legal-Tender act, and the passago of n law enabling nnd requiring every man to pay hir debts at the gold value of the curreney at the time when the debt wns contracted. We iinngine that such a plan would be beset with such obstacles a8 to be dismissed as impracti. cable, | 10. If, in referring to tho conversion of greenbneks into bouds, Mr. WiLver menns that the holder of greenbacks should alwaya havo the privilege of converting his green. backs into a gold bond at a low rate of inter- est, and that the greenbacks so converted sliould be eanceled, we nagree with him cn- tirely. Wo lave frequently ndvoested this, on the ground that those holding Govern. ment greenback scrip are entitled to interest, if they desire it, as the Government should either redeem ity notes on demand or pay the holder interest thercon, 11, There is no need to provide any further facilities for the issuc of bank-notes. The Free-Baoking Inw covors the wholo ground. 1t renders tho issuo of National Bauk notes absolutely secure, and gives unlimited priv- ileges whon the Inw is complied with, The former so-called monopoly of the Nationnl Banks is renioved- altogether. Rank issues are now flexible, and do contract or cxpand scoording to the law of demand. 12, As rogards the establishment of the Sub.Trensuries, tho system has been ap- proved by the people, and is not likely to be changod. For the rest, it has nothing to do with the currency probleni. VIOLENCE AT THE BOUTH, The letters of the President and of the At~ torney-Goneral give promise that there will Lo an end put to the recurring amcts of violence and murder in the Southern States. Il mnkes no difference who begins or who is in fault in theso disturbances, the negroes nre the victims, Occasionally a whito man is killed ; but for every white man thero are a score of negroes. 'The Presidont, in hig letter to tho Attorney-General, thus clearly expresses tho judgment of the country : Tho wholo public aro tired out with theao snnual outbreaks fu the South, and a grest many are ready uow 1o condemn any interference on tho partof the Government, Theartlly wish that peace and good orier may Lo restored without {sauing the proclama- tionz but if they are not, the yroclamation must bo is- sued ; but it it is, I aliall foeiruct the commander of tho forces to have no cuildish play. If there s a no- cesalty for milltary Intorference, thors in Justice in such interfercnco a8 will deter the evil-doers, The Attorney-General supplements this in- struction of tho President by writing to Gov. A as follows : T suggest that you take all lawful means and sll needed moasurea to protervo the poaco by the forco in sonr own State, sud let tho country sco that tha In- batitants of Miuslvsippl, who ara largely Ropublican, are favorable to guod arder, and havo the courage and manbood to fight for thelr Stato rights, und lo deatroy the bloody ruffans who murder the fnuocent and unoffending freedmen. Everstbing 18 tn readi- nesa, B cateful to bring yoursclf strictly within the Constitution and the Lsws, and if there s such reatt. ance to your Stats sulboritles 38 you cannot by any means at your command suppress, tho President will swiftly add you fu crushing I Luaitors to human rights, The people of the North are, as the Presi- dent pays, bocoming tired of this bnsiness, and the Attornoy-General clearly expresses tho nniversel sentiment of the country when he suggests that tho law-abiding people of Miasisippi, who are in n majority, and who have all the authority and machinery of tha Government in their hands, should have the “courngs and the mankood” to fight for their own rights and protect their own por- sons and property, ‘I'he rufiian who wars upon the rights of others has a wholesomo rospect for the man who will defend himself when attacked. 1In fact, cournge and manli- ness are tho only things which an assassin aud & Ku-Klux cither respects or dreads, Ho stands in wholesome awe of the knife, the riflo, and the revolver, and they aro the only law for which he has tho least dread, The people of the United States have clothed these colored men with the rights and liberties of whito men. They have all the political and personal privileges which tho white man has, especlally the nght of sclf-defense. Have the American people in making the negroes citizons and frecmen en- fruuchitied o race of sheep or of men? No man is fit to be a freeman who will not de- fond his freedom, His ability and his readi. ness to do this are the best assurances that he can give that his freedom was not un. worthily bestowed. Tho American Indians are gupposed to bo below the negroin the sealo of civilization; novertheless, the Ameri- con people never seek voluntarily a collision with tho savages, Despito the rupid- ly dccronsing number of the Indians, they have mnever lost their wmanhood, their conrage, nor thoir readiness to defend themsolves. JTow is it at the South ? When havo these newly-made citizens made any de- fense of themselves, or of their fomilies, or their property, or their liberty ? Docs any person imagine that the negroes could organ. izo themselves, and make midnight war upon the whites, murdering, assassinating, burn. ing, and pillaging? Were it attempted, would not every white man with his rifle bo on hand making common cause for the common defense? Why do not the black men of Mis- siusippi arm themselves, and, placing them- selves under command of tho Governor, not only maintain tho peace, but pursue their white assailanta, bringivg thom fo justice? ‘The secming cowardice of the colared men invito outrnges. It promotes the rufiianly in. stincts, It invites assassination. Non-resiste ance is the very delight of the marander. It encourages him, when s knowledge that Lo would bo et with a bullet, or a dozen of them, would cool his ar. dor. When the scoundrels who enguge in theso bloody frays become 8o strong that the State is overwhelmed, and when THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 20, 1875, the Governor is ready to plead thnt his people will not fight in dofense of their own poreonsand proporty, then he may ap- penl to the National Government for nid. Let there bo no more appeals for (iovern- mental aid until these people whose rights and persons aro ontraged exhibit o willing- ness to dofend themselves; show that thoy aro nien and not sheep ; and show that they oro worthy tho freedom which they would have protected. NEW YORK AND CHICAGO MORTGAGES, Chicngo people havo bean foreed to hear a groat deal of talk for the last four yenrs, since the great fire, about baving a city that is londed down with mortgnges. It hns been hurled at uaas asort ofefinal and crushing hlow that our houses are covercd over with Man- sards in the shapo of trust-deeds ; that we do not own onr ety ; and that we rhall some day be obliged to succumb under the pressure. So far wo havo borne up under this pressure with tolorablo fortitude, nud tho city has con- tinued o grow, and tho busincss hna steadily incrensed, in spite of thoe flings and sneers. We have felt that we bnd something to show for our mortgagos, and that {he increaye of our business, added to industry and economy, wonld cnably us to pay them off in due time. Wo have known that there was a good reason for the morlgages, and that they did not represent the losses of o declining business or the wastefuloess of extravagant habits. Wo have rcmembored that there was o fire in 1871 which destroyed over £130,000,000 of property belonging to our people, and that we have within four years more than restored tho Louscs, stocks, furnitnre, ete., thus swept awny at ono blow. We had to borrow & portion of the monecy with which to enpply this vast vacuum, and we havo had an abiding faith that our increns- ing commerco and productions wonld yield profits suflicient to cancel the debt in a fow years, Every day somo of the debt is being paid off. Itis far less now than it was two years ngo, Now we find from recent niatistics that New York, which hins not been slow to taunt Chi- cago with its debts cansed by inisfortune, is in & much worso condition in this regard then Chicago is,—that Now York, which has had no great fires and whose business is on the decline, is mortgaged much more heavily in proportion to the value of its property than Chiengo. The rccords show that the public financinl institutions of New York— the savings banks, tho fire, marine, and lifo insurance companies—hold mortgages in New York City and Brookiyn to the amount of $214.855,613, and that, in addition to thms, it is estimated that $155,000,- 000 of private capital is similarly in. vested. According to this showing, Now Yorl is really mortgaged to the frightful ex- {ent of $4G6Y,835,51%, or, in round numbers, three hundred and sexenty millions. The rated value of the property bearing these mort- gnges is $800,000,000. This is seid to bo about 60 per cent of the actual value, but, as it is estimated and confessed, there has been n shrinkage of values in real cstate from 10 to 40 per cent, the net result in that New York is mortgnged to the extont of nearly ono-half the value of its property. How happens this? Chicago is not in nny such con. dition. Tho great bulk of our mort- goges rtepresent the improvements aud replacements of property since the fire, which the incrensed profits of an en- larged business is discharging. But in the caso of New York thore has been no great, sudden, and general destruetion of property to account for the exceplionally large pro- portion of mortgages, aud the business of New Yorl is not inereasing in such a degreo ns to promiso relief. Perhaps the offect of this showing will be to divert for n time the attention of the Now York, 8t. Louis, and Cincinnati nowspapers, which have been so sorely troubled about Chicago mortgnges, THE COMING CENTENNIAL, The great buildings which are to shelter samples of the world’s industries aro fast taking shapo in Fairmount Park, The frame of the main building is in position. 'The glass is boing put in and tho floor laid. A clover scheme for giving a clew to the location of each exhibitor has boen adopted. ‘The iron columns which support the roof of the great structure are to be numbered lenpth. wise and lettored crosswiso, so that every exhibitor will be in the neighborhood of A2, or D3, or somo similar combination of letter and figure. The art hall is finished, with the oxcoption of the iron dome, and that is now being put in place. The machinery hall is practically finished. 'The memorial hall is nearly so. ‘Whe four main buildings, it is ovident, will bo ready in plenty of time,—too soon, in fact, for the very dila tory American exhibitors, but not for their foreign rivals, who aro already boginning to gathor at Philadelphia. 'The whole of the mnin building has been allotted to diffieront nntionalities, thongh the space has not yet been fully subdivided among individuals, espocially in the fourth reserved for this country, Great Drilain, France, and Ger- many ocoupy tho other three.fourths, or rathor tho part of cach nearest the centre, This securcs & gronp composod of tho four great nations of Christendom. Canada, Aus. tralin, Scandingvin, osud the fow individual oxhibitors of Russin ocoupy the rost of the British quartor, Bwitzerland, Belginum, and the Scuth Ameorican States are placed with Franece, Germany shares hor fourth with Austria, Holland, Bpaio, Portugal, and Asin. Tha only nations which have do- clined the invitation to participate in the show are Russia, Greece, and Italy, but sub- joots of all three Lavo applied for space. ‘Che most complete exhibition will probably be that of Geroan products, The now Teu- tonio Empire will show its beat side, There will bo n number of supplementary buildings,among them thosa of several States, Kansas will make o bid for emigrants by dis- playing the choicest of her products in a handsome structure apart from the main hall. These outlying buildings, however, cannot bo expectedtorival those of Vienna, in 1873, The groundsof the Weltausstellung con- tained, among others, uJapancse farm.house, a Torklsh coffue-houso where bearded boys and pashas sat cross-legged and slipperless, smoking the most fragrant of tobacco and sipping tho most delicious of coffce, and o sumptuous bouse built for the Vicoroy of Egypt. 'Tho latter was the most beautiful siugle structure on the grounds, It is certain that visitors will seo an ad- mirablo display of foreign wares, though it may well be doubted whether this is precise- 1 the best way to cclebrato our own cen- tennisl. We are showing a masterly in- activity in tho matler, and our own de- puartment bids fair to be a melancholy failure, The responsibility for this state of things rests largely om tho Cen. tennial Commission, which. has not taken the necessary mensures to awaken public en- thusiasn, Jts President, Geu. J. R, Haw- rEY, shonld havo begun A year ago to make speechea, in his own cloquent way, throngh- ont the country, visiting all the more impor. tant citices and organizing sabsidiary commit- tees in ench. Bomothing enn still bo done in this direction, and, unless gomothing is done, tho valne of Uen. HAwLEY's services to tho Centennial will not be apparcnt. POLITICAL ECONOMY IN BCHOOLS. The British Associntion for tho Advance- ment of Science appointod a Committeo Inat year to inquire into the quention of combina- tions of bolh capitalista aud Inborers. The Committep has submittod its report, which is very interesting reading. The practice of artificially’ limiting the number of appren- tices is wisely condemned. It is asserted that neither strikes nor lock-onts ean permn. nently affect the rate of wages, DPayment by tho picce {8 rocommended as tho best wage- systom. Arbitration iy oirongly indorsed. Great stress is Inid upon the absolute neces- sity of thoroughly educating workingmon in sound principles of political economy. It is expocially gratifying to note this last recom. mendation. The most practical thing that can be taught in our public schools, noxt to reading and arithmotic, is political economy. Boards of Edueation cannot better subserve the interests of the childron under their charge, of the parents of those children, and of tho commnunity nt large, than to place a clear, short, and simplo text-book on political economy in the regular courso of study. "There is no othor scionce which concerns ro many persons as diroctly and potently as that of politieal cconomy does, Tur Tninuse s long urged this matter upon publio atten. tion, We have shown the innumerable prac- tical advantages of the study of the science. Saying anything in its behalf now will bo on- Iy o summary of what we have said before, Lut it may be well to sketeh theso advantages once more. Political economy teaches what Government may rightfally demand of the citizen and what it may not. It tenches the folly of legnl interferenco with private tastes, It showa Low tho State, in its zeal to promoto the interests of partic- ular trades, often imposes needless and gall. ing fotters upon all industry. It riddles the fallacics on which believers in wild-cat money roly. It proves the folly of ordinary strikes, It explains the forces which really fix wages, It shows the mutual dependonce of capitnl and Iabor. It shows how all lnbor is Ao interlinked that the man who does slov. enly work, with brain or body, harms not only himself, but his fellows and the world. It plends for arbitration and co-operntion. Tt preaches the gospel of thrift and honesty. It teaclies thyt the sufivage is o trust crented by the State and to be used, honorably, only for the State’s benefit, It is not only, ns it is usually defined, the scionce of tho pro- duction and distribution of wealth, but the science of the production of good citizens, and of she proper distribution of political power. No other science, no language, 1o art, ean bo compared with it in value, go far as the average citizen of a Re- public is concerned. Yet it finds no placo in most of our public schools,—tho schools on which we lavish millions of monoy for the sake of creating good cilizens | We havo heretoforo ezplained this nnomaly by the lack of a good clementary text-book. This Iack hassincoe been supplied. Chicago Tias furnished the country with a book which i flt to bo studied not only in high schools, but in the gramwnar schools, where politico- cconomical knowledgo i most urgently neoded. The * Primer of Political Econ- omy,” if generally introduced in the com- mon schools, will be of solid value to the whole community. A COFFIN FOR THE RAG-BABY. An undertaker is not apt, nndor tho most favorable circumstances, to excito cheerful thoughts. 'Thore is an odor of graveyard mold abont him, a suggestion of coffins, n funcreal aspect. Ha is always clad in sepulchral black, aud would doubtles fresco lis face and hands in cork if the prevalence of negro-minstrelsy did not make this prac- tico suggestivo of mirth rother than mourn- fulness, Tho iden of a joke by an undertakor is wholly inadmissible. e is a walking funeral, and fun and a funornl aro too incongruous to exist to- gother, Yet a Qincinnati member of the dis- mal craft has mnde a joke, a pretty good joke, strictly within his lino of busi- ness. It was quite a muccess. Never- theless, it made quite a numbor of persons very indignant, for tho waggish undortaker triffed with their feclings, flouted their polit- ical beliefs, nud mado merry over their in. firmities. It was tho opouning day of the Cincinnoati Exposition. 'The trades and in- dustries of Porkopolis wore sll represented in o procession, which wound through tho priucipal streets in celebration of the day, Ono of the buildings passed was that from which the Cincinnati Enguirer utters its cry for ‘‘monoy, more money.” The idiotorial forco of the Fnquirer gathercd at the front windows in blissful ignorance of how their feelinga wero to bo harrowed. Suddenly, their eyed rcatod upon a gily-decorated wagon which bore high in air a gigantio cof- fin, 12 feot long, with the insoription: * For the finaneinl rag-baby, to bo buried Oct. 12.” The idiotorial force was transfixed with horror. Moved by a common impulse, it rushed to its respective rooms, seized its re. spective pencils, ond wrote multitudinous articles ngainst the man of doath who was responsible for this part of the show. No true inflationist is to patronizehim heroafter, His contracted cofting will nut suftice for the bodies that are to bocomo inflated beneath tho surfoco of Cincinnati comoterica, He is to be shunned by the fuithfal, Iis business istobe broken up,~—and all on nccount of his thoughtful care in providing beforehand for tho obacquies of tho 12th proximo. This is certainly inflatod vengeance, If tho threat of withdruwing patronage i8 carried into ef- fect, the undortaker's business will perhaps not be seriously injured. The number of in. flationists in Cincinnati is comparatively g0 small that they caunot be ex- pected to supply many cadavers each year. The Enguirer force, judged by the editorlal matter it produces, is so young, so vory young, that its mowbers ought to live a long while yot, and may porhopa loarn somuthing in course of time, and so change thoir views. Then they will gasp out on thoir dying beds: *“ Ordermy coffin from somebody who believes in hard money." As yot, tho ghouldike joker has not haa his business hurt, Ho atill smiles over the death-notices in tho daily press, and still ex- pects to produce his cotin as part of the grand procession that will celebrate the downfall of Democracy ound rag-money in ' Obio. The pauperism of England has been at- tributed by thie dlericals to the abolition of the monasteries and tho famous statate of Fuzapera which recoguized the imaginary right of o man to meiutenanco at the publio e —s expense, whether Jio wrs willing to work or not. A third explanation in afiorded by Prof. Tnoronn-Roarns, in his notes to his edition of Apaxe Byiri's ¢ Wealth of Na- tions,” Sixty years elapsed between tha sup- pression of tho monasteries nnd the passnga of the first poorlaw. 'The great inereane in pouperism which led to the law ocenred during the reign of Hesny VIIL and his son, and was caused, according to Prof. Roorna, by tho issuo of basocoin from tho reyal mints. Tho wages of lubor, av usual, wero among the last things to rise, whilo tho purchasing power of the currenoy sank, Before wages wero adjusted, o large part of tho poorer clasnes had beon thrown wupon tho parish, They were gotting just enough to live on beforo; and when the currency was depreciat- ed they wero forced into panperisni, nnd & breed of paupers was thus establishod. 'U'hia is n steiking illustration of the evil effects of a deprecinted and debnsed eurrency upon the industrions poor. 'I'he Demoerutic policy of dobasing the valun of tho greonback and rendering it of uncertain value, in morely n repotition of tho device adopted by royal des- pots, three centuries ago, to chent the peo- ple. INDIAN FAIRS AND AFFAIRS, About half o century ago, the United States adopted the policy of removing all the Indians living within State limits beyond the Missouri to tho southwestern part of the then Union, The plan was carried out ut no small cost of blood and money. 'I'ho Creek and Seminole warsgrew out of it. Questions connected with it camo near pre- cipitating nn armed struggle between Cieorgin and tho United States, in the last year of Jouy Quivoy Apams' Presidency. Tho struggle was prevented only by the tame ac- quiesconce of the Union in Georgia's deliber. ato disobedionce of an order issued by the Supreme Court of tho United States. This iu the only case on record in which that Court has heen disobeyed. At tho time when the Indiaus were removed from New York, Ohio, Indians, Illinois, Michignn, Wisconsin, Florids, Georgin, Alabama, and other States, the War Dopartment hed com- plete control of the tribes. 1ts offi- cera took charge of their transportation, secured the settlement of thirty-five tribes within the Territory, paid their annuities, and discharged every duty connected with their affairs, Sinco the money, that in, the political part of the business, has been trans. ferred to the Interior Department, a new ele- ment, that of plunder, has been introduced inte it. The army now does tho polica and guard duty ; the politicinns of the Interior Department do the robbing and cheating. The good has all been done by the former; the harm by the Iatter. Yet, despita theso abuscs, thero bas been a marked improve~ ment in the condition of the red men. Their advancement scems slow, but it is to bo re- membered that they have pnssed from the “stono ™ to the ‘“ steel age” with moro rap- idity than any other raco has had the oppor- tunity of doing. When tho thirty-five tribes wero transferred to the Indinn Territory, they wera forced to bocome at first cattle-raisors and poultry-breoders, Then they began to cultivato corn, sweet potatoes, ete. T'he next stop was tho introduction of rude mechanism. The *braves” and the squaws began to make their own shoes and clothes, and to mako them after civilized models, The moc- casin gave placo to the shoo; the breech- clout to pantaloons ; the scalp-lock to n hat. 'The change has not killed the Indians, cither, The tribes maintain thoir old numerical strength, or very nearly so. They now have railrond communieation with tha United States, 'This will no doubt do them some harm, but more good. Ono of tho most significant signs of Indian civilization is tho greet fair now in progress at Muskoges. Nearly all the thirty-five tribes are represented. There iz a good display of stock, though tho ex- cessively hot wenthor lins interfered with this; bnt the best display is that of Indians. Red men whoso fathers wero half naked and wholly brutish, living by war and the chase, marched in or- dered procession with banners that horo mottoes like these : ** Agriculture is the source of woanlth,” ¥ The farm is better than the chase,” “We wish to learn,” * Peace with all people.” Healthful speeches were made, nnd a general fraternization followed. 'T'his is the first inter-tribal nét of the thirty-five independent communitics ocenpying the Ter- ritory. It is the most interesting fair of the scason. The lesson of the success of the gigantic experiment, tested by fifty years' trial, is the advisability of troating tho rest of tho tribes —the wild opes—ns wa havo theso thirty- five, Lot the Government corrnl them in this same Territory, which is large enough for nll the Indians. Exporionce shows ug that ' thoy can be reasonubly woll civilized, and that n considerable remnant of thom can be preserved from extinction while the pro- cess is going on. BREAD FOR GREAT BRIfAIN, The extended returns of the wheat crop of tho British Isles, published in the London ZTémes of last Saturday, forin s bndget of good nows for American farmers, In 1860, when the population of Greet Britain end Ireland was 5,000,000 less than it is now, the number of acres devoted to the cultivation of wheat was half a million iu excesa of the present figurcs, "Tho United Kingdom will need to ftnport more wheat this year than it did last by considerablo, for, while the popu- lation has glightly increased, the wheat crop has fallen off 1t per cent in Ircland, and nearly 8 per cent in the whola Kingdom, Mr. Jaues Csmp, a recognized authority on the crop-supply subjeot, states that 88,000,000 bushels of wlheat will have to bo imported, in order to foed the nation during tho coming winter and spring, Tho great bullc of this will be drawn from our Waestern grain.fiolds, for the violent weather has destroyed much of the exportable surplus of compoting grain-growers iu Europe, Their loss is our gain. Our farmers are somewhat in tho position of the British agriculturist who figured in Lexon's famous cartoon during the Orimean War. The picture represented n farmer talking to his landlord, who said : “ I soe there is good news ; there is a chanco of peace,” To which the autonnded farmer answered : ¢ Good God, you don't meun to say thero is any dauger of peace !” Peaco meant lower prices for farm products. Bo our farmers may well say : * Good gracious, it can't be true that thero is any danger of a good crop in Kurops !” There secrns to be no danger of such a thing this season, The furmers of the Northwest can sbip their grain to Chicago with perfect security, for the Liome a8 well as the foreigu dowand promises to be large, There can ba sl tock-raising in tho Northwest will soon be greatly stimulated by the British demand for beef on the hoof. The wresent English regulations concerning the im- portution of foreigu osttle amueunt 10 & protec- tive tarlff in bebalf of Inglish siock-raisorn, ‘Thoy havo Intely beon publiely denonnced sy akin to the old Corn Iawa. If this iden bacomerg reneral, thele rononl ia innvitable. An nagocine tion has been formed in London to agiiate for thoir rapeal amd ta promoto tho importation op livo catilo from Amoricn. Tho powerful co- oporativo racietion of tho United Kingdom, 1,500 of which are joined in & singlo longue, aro nlse taking ntops in this dircction, The fact is thay tho atandard British diet of broad, beef, and boer i3 bocoming palnfully ncarcs in Britain, Thore i8 Leor onough and to spare, but the Amerioan farmor Lina long booh supplying the bread, and will Lioreaftor sond over o good part of the bost Fronch courts do not atiok at trifles. Morr & Cuanpoy, the fanons wine-growors of Franeo, lcarnod thot o man named Moz, with nnothey named LentAy, Lnd gono Into the businees ag Monr & Co. 'Thoy brought suit, and obtalneq Judgnient and damages to the amonut of §7,000, Defendants woio sleo orderod to pay all the costy, and requirod also to pay for advortising tLo judgmont in twonty Fronch newspapers, **They say " Hon, 1 MEDILL, of TnE Cmosas TRIRUNE, in on naplrant to tho (Qovernorship, Ve coull go farthier and faro wurse,.—Chicaso Journal, Will tho Journal be good cnough to inform Mesara, ** Thoy say " that what thoy esy 18 e. tiroly dostitute of truth? - e POLITIOAL NOTES, Pittsburg Liaa fivo Ropublican newspapors, of which tho ZHspalch nnd Chrondcle aro for cone traction, tho Gaxle and Telegraph for inflation, and the Commercial for both, either, and nelther, 1t bas been noticod that tho Now York Demo. crats at Byracuso avoided all roforonco to tha school quostion. Thoy regarded It as not an funue. It cortainly Is an fesue n Now York, it anywhere, Bonator Dawes rofusen to presido at the Be. publican Convontion in' Massachugetts, and some smsller man will bo pressed {uto the service. Ag tho canvass warmns up it holds out large promisss of oxcitomont. Bam Cary dodged his taxes in* Cincinnati last year by puttiog 825,000 1nto bonds, yot bo is ons of the loudest and most hypocritienl friends of the poor workingman, Ho aloo professes to be an enemy of thoe bondholder. Ex-Licut.-Gov. Woodford, of New York, is making a vers favorablo impression in Ohio by hia bard-money spoeclica. It has occurred to some of tho ontbusinstio rural oditors that Weodford might graco the national ticket in 1876 a8 o candidate for Vico-I'rostdont. A country paper in Pennsylvania charges Judgs Pershing with having wold himsalf when s mom. ber of tho Legislature to tho Pennsylvania Railrosd Company for £500. Tho Democrats aid ho was a conspieuously pure man whon thoy nowinated Lim for Governor. Rtoturns from 307 towns in 3Malno show that tho voto this year was much largor than in 1874, Tho Republicnos gained largoly, and tho Domo- crats otill more, so that tho majority was re. duced. Tho towns thuas far heard from pollod 03,626 votes, agninat 77,910 votes last year. It is nnnouncod that Mr. Buatow has stopped the isuuo of 10-cent feactionsl eurrency. Nature aliy, ho sclects this, tho smallost picos of papar currency, for onrltost displacement. It is proba- ble that wo shail ore long hear tho Jiogle of sil vor dimos In commoun uso once mure. A fow months henco, if ull works well, tho little papes *bite™ will be seen no moro. Gen. Winfield 8, Hancock, tho handsomest man [n the army, is tho reservo Democratic can- didato for the Prosidency, He is very popular in tho South. It ia urged againet him tflat, a tho order of the Governmont, e sent Mrs, Sur ratt to hor death, and that therefore the Do man Catholics will never forgive, Tho Washe iogton Republican pays it was that fact that pree” vouted his nomunation in 1808.—iNew York Herald, Gou, Spinner's letter nccepting the Ropublic- an nomination for Comprroller af New Yorkis o graceful picco of writing. It ia addrossed to the gentloman who proposed bis nsmon the Convention, Ono paragraph of it reads as fol- lowa: *Whilo I fool tho livliest sonse of grati tude to you, and to the othor membors ot the Conventicn, for the great compliment paid me by the bostowal of the nomination, I mustin candor say, that it is ono uf the saddest blowa that has over boen dealt me. I resigued u higher and a botter place, one with tho duties of which 1 was ontirely familiar, principally pocause I ds- sirod and uocded that rest that had for so many long yoars been donied me, And'now, aftorl Diad bired o house and mado all my fawmily sr- raugomonts to spond tho winter in Florids, 1 may be remanded back to the confinement snd hard lsbor for a term of two years; and this, too, in a place that [ know nothing aboat, and where 1 will bave everything to loam.” —_— PERSONAL Patti mixed hor drinks—clnret and obame pagne. Holman Hunt has painted his own porirait for a Liverpool oxlubition, Rochefort is gotting fat avd gray, but beis Just a8 full of conceit as over, Victor Iugo's principal recrestion is ridiog about his island on top of & 'bus. Thiors always carries his own little iron bed- 8tosad with hiot when ho travels. Mr. Daly promunos & * new sonsation ™ at bis theatre for to-ight. The Bherff, doubtless, Mre, "Tilton will bo put on tho stand, nna Mrs, Mounlton will oot, in Beecher's anit aguinst Mouk ton. John Hannoma {o 36 years old and wolghs 2 pouuds, whicks 1 Jess than Hauneman yot heard from. Edwin Dooth wants Daly to postpime the opentug of his engegemant, Ho is conval ascenh but siilt weak, Ann Elizs bas variod tho usual bullettn, She i8 now sick in Now York—prostrated with 8 norvous discase. 8ir, Edward ‘Thoraton gave Lord Floughtos and his eon @ dinuor the other day. iSeoretsry Fish was presont. Queen Victoria consents to be patron of s teme porauce socloty on condition 14 sbandous the total-rbstineuca principle. ¥ A Staton Inlander offers o reward of $300 for the bost treatisn on ** How to make outidoar lifé attractivo to tho mosquito.” ‘The Loston Post calls Rignold * The womsa killer," No, no. Ho is the nearest exliting o Iation of the now extiuct fool-killer. Whittir composes Lis paetryaloud st 4 o'clock in the morning, lorhaps some of our readerd will foel moro charitable to thelr neighpars nov. ‘Thoy may bo composing. While the King of Uolland goes sbout Qopevé arrayod tn 8 pair of socks aud & brosd-briwmod hat, smoking a cigar, his royal dama tatks Latis- Morcifus heavoua | what o housaliold to go BM ., Tho Duko of Edinburg acoepted bread sad salt from his Russlau frionds on s §1,400 siiver ualver. Alfred cun't pawn it till ho gota bom& bubit's sn inveaumens ho cau caslly weitt0 realize ou. ¥ Neal Dow advoeates the adoption of the Eo- glish systom of paying taxos in quartesly innkfl‘l; wents, Portland, Me., bas turned and stared & Neal Dow, amazed that so senslblo s propost™ tion should emanato from him, Mr., Naim, who endesvored to travel fro@ Paris to Vieuna by bioyoloin fourteen days = the jouruoy vy rail. s vehiclo broko dfl":n‘ a placo where he could get uo blacksmithy Lo waa forced to abandon Lis attempt. Victor Hugo ways July Is & glorious montb § L4 saw Lo Bastile sall in France, sud the Bejubtid rise w Americs, He was fuspired to this wark by an invitation from a fow gentlemen who . can shoot straight to visit the Centennisls 8ir Chailes Dilko is goiog to Yokohawms Sau Fraucisco, but kindly promiscs to seturs ¥