Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, September 6, 1875, Page 4

4 THE CHICAGO TRIBUN MONDAY. SEPTEMBER 6, 1876. TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. RATEN OF STARCRIFTION (FATADLE ¥ ADYANCE). Pastaze Prepald at 1his OMee, A Weskir, 1 Ann .00 ple To prevent delay and mistakes, be snre and gire Post-Offico address In full, lncluding Ststeand County, Remhitances may b made eilber by draft, ex)7ess Post-Office order, o in registered letters, at ouz riak. TERMS TQ CITY AUBSCRINKRS, Dafly, delivered, Bunday excejted, 23 cents per week. Dutly, delivered, Bunday fucludad, 30 cents por woek, Address THE TRIDUNE COMPANY, Corner Madison and Desrborn-ate., Chicago, 1L TO.DAY'S AMUSEMENTS. 'WOOD'S MUBEUM—Moanroa_street, between Dear- bmnomd State, * Around tue World in Eighty Days,” ACADEMY_ OF MUBIC—Halsted street, between Madison and Montoe, Lugagement of 3lilton Nolles, “ Bobemians and Detectives,” McVICKER'S THEATRE—Madison sireel, between Desrlorn and Btale. Engagement of Edwin Adams, * Enoch Arden," HOOLEY'S THEATRE—Randolph streat, Chstk sud LaSalle, Engagement of Minstrels, CHICAGO THEATRE-Clark street, between Ran- @olph and Lake, ‘! tlesrts and Diamonde,” , betwaen the Californis FARWELL HALT—Madison street,-beiween Clark and Laistie, Coucait by tho Kennedy Family, BUSINESS NOTICES LADINS, BEWARE OF THE HROGURS Wi off.r yua vils kmitations of Lalrd's Bloom of Youl! n 1a madnoss ino= of hatuuspproschable Loauttaar, it o Kia with (rawiulent piapatations, winn bagialse a nat will readvr jou alirays Ohe Ghicagy Cribune, Monday Morning, Septombor 8, 1875. At the New York Gold Exchange on Satur day, greenbacks wero worth at the opening 87} cents on tho dollar, tho closing price be- Ing 87} Will the Mayor, Corporation Counsel, City Attorney, the Comptroller, or any other per- s0n in offico or out of office, explain why the person Lolding tho office of City Assessor and and easier, closing at 85¢ for September, and 844c for October. Ryo was dull, at 78}@70e. Barley was dull, and 1j@3¢ lower, closing ot $1,08for September. Hogs were dull, and & @100 lower. Trading was slow, at §7.75@ 7.95 for common to prime light, and at $7.40 @7.75 for poor to good heavy, Extra nssort. ed sold at $8.60@8.70. Cattle mot with some inquiry at the reduced prices of Friday, Sales wero at $2.25@6,45, Sheop wera nominal, thero being no fresh arrivals, Ono hundrod dollars in gold would buy $114.50 in greon- backs at tho close. Our Monday collection of réligious matter, culled from tho Chicago pulpits and from other sources, will be found extensive, varied, and interesting, The Rov. Ronenr Lainp Conrter, who bas for some months past sojourned in Englnnd, gratified his old congregntion by once more filling the pulpit of the Church of tho Messiah, his sermon having for its subject *“Evolution in Chris- tinnity.” At tho Michigan Avenuo Daptist Church a somewhat nnusual but really inter~ esting event transpired,—thnt of 8 sermon by o Iny preacher, Mr. NomyaN T, GasserTe, n gentleman of considerable prominence horetofore in tho domnin of local politica and as an ardent promoter of o popular form of out-door sports. Ho was 6 success in both theso respeets, and, judging from his first ef- fort in the field of pulpit polemics, he is not likely to Iapso into obscure mediocrity. The prospects of o Chicago revival aro set forth by the Rev. Fronexce McCanrny, Baptist, who finds much encourngement in the ex- pected return of Mr. Moopy, Under the bead of Dedication, accounts are given of the innugural exercises at the chinpel of the now Firat Baptist Church, and nt the Jones Strect Reformed Episcopal Church, with sermons, raspectively, by the Rev. Dr. Evznrs and Bishop Cuexer. The corner-stono of All Saints’ Catholio Church was nlso laid. At Farwell Hall Mr. Jony BeNSETT ANDERSUY, an English revivalist, conducted services considerable pluck and more foolishnesa. The only reasonablo excnse for their conduct i3 that they grow so frightfully weary of the monotony of life in St. Louis that they ro- solved to create a sensation or try to perish in the attempt, —— THE TAX ON CORPORATIONS, ‘Wao printed a day or two since a lettor from Mr. JouN O. Ssorr, who was a prominent member of tho Legislature of 1872, which passed the Revenuo nct of that year. Mr, Snont was Chairman of the Revenuo Commit- tee in the Houss of Representatives, and re- ported what was known ns House bill 548. This was rivaled by the bill propared and printed by tho Auditor's offico, and which was eventually forced through nnd passed. Tho great distinction betweon the two bills was in the provisions rolating to corporations. Tho bill known ns tho Auditor's office bill (which is the presont law) taxed all manner of tangiblo property, aud debts, and stock and franchise,—~taxing the ssme property two or three times nnder difforent namoes. The Houso bill, on the contrary, provided as fol- lows on that subject ¢ Al Natfonal Danks, ssvings banks, and ofber corporations, whetber incorporated by act of Congreas or under the laws of this Btate or any other State ; all raflroad, telegraph, express, manufacturing, mining, transportation, fnsurance, and all other fncorporsted companies, dolag businew in this State,—~shall be ro- quited to llst for assessment and taxatlon, each year.. all real estate, claltel property, and monere sod credits, owied by such corporations respectively, in thts Stato, and }able to tazation under this act, in tho #sme manucr and to the same extont a8 ls hiereln £a quired of 1ndividuals § aud no person, firm, or corpo- ratton, ownlag abarea of tho capital slock of any in- corparated company, shall bs required to list the sams for tazation, The demagogues who wero clamoring for the taxation of corporations, however, carried the other Lill. Since then the State has been vainly trying to collect the revenue under tho duplicate taxation of the samo property, and we can undenstand Mr. Snort when he says : At the time, T thought [t bardsbip that tho bill failed, after 8o much care and labor had been bestowed on 1t; but, upou reflaction, 1 Nave concluded that which were conspicuous in tha absenco of any local nssistance, the stranger being left fo carry on the meuting ns best ho might. From nbroad n sketch is given of the success met with in Liverpool by Maj. Jawes H. Corz, a Chicngo Evangelist ; and a transla- tion is printed of an interesting letter by Col. Fnep Hecker, of Illinois, on the proba. his deputics are now {raveling the city making nn’ ageessment for 18757 Tho city tax for 1875 is to bo collected npon tho State valugtion, Why, then, is the Assessor making an assessment for city taxation for 18757 That nation of shopkeepers has been trad- Ing clandestinely again, according to n cabla dispatch. Having goods to sell, the thrifty Briton is not particular about his customer, who, in this case, was Don Cantos, and the wares which changed Lands were arms for tho Corlists,—n matter of dicker which may bo expected to disngroe with the Spanish Government's notions of international nou- trality in time of war. Upon Conxtautinople authority it is stated that the efforts of the Powers to put a stop to the Turkish uprising bave been successful to tho oxtent of the pacification of Servin. It is said that o solid agreoment has been concluded with that provinco whereby it un- dertakes to keep out of the insurroc. tion, and to preserso penceful relations with the Porte. The preciso concessions stipulated .as tho basis of this understanding aro not announced, but, inssmuch as the peo- plo of Servis were in complote sympathy with their fellow-sufferers in Herzegovina, and wero restive under tho same griovances, itisto be presumed that the terms of the agreement were favorablo to the disaffected provineea. — Now comes the rumor from Springfleld that ¢ho Committeo of the State Board of Equali- zntion bas racommonded an addition of 70 per cont to the nssessed value cf lands in Cook County and G5 per cont to that of the town and city lots, Thisis but & repotition of the old game. Itisto be supplemented Ly an addition to the assessed value of the personal property of this county. The wholo nasessment for State purposes is a fraction ovor a thousand millious of dollars, Thesa reported increase of assossments indicato a purpose to put on Cook County some 30 per cont of tho wholo State tax. That is to sny, Cook County, which numbers one-sev- enth of the population, is put down as hav- ing hree-tenths of ol the taxable property in the State! This ontrago wos perpetrated in 1873, and ngain in 1874, In 1875, it looks as if tho spportionment of taxation to this county was lobe even greater than in the preceding yoars, A bundred and twenty aillions of dollers are to bo added to the ns- sossment of this county, whichk svm is to be deducted from tho assessment of other counties, e —— Tt is always dangerous to try to apprave anything dome by the peoplo who make up the Town Board. We thought we discovered o disposition among tho Justices of South Chicago to save the people n part of the an- pual plunder in large salarios for doing noth. ing. Wo sanid as much yesterday, and con- mended thoir course. It turna out, however, that at the logt meeting, at night, when honest men were in bed, four of the Justices —Mercn, Buamesrmxup, Foore, and De w/ory—absented themsolves (though Mercn ~ama in ofterwards, whon it wi§ too late), snd thercby gave the town bummers nu op. portunity for sitting on the Board and voting tho salaries not yet fixed. Of course thero was o steal of $2,5600, which was tho amount thoy voted to Bupervisor R¥ax, with his own belp, who does not do two days’ honest work for the town all the year round, and who would be overpaid if he received §50 for his services as Supervisor. We give it up. Wo shall not have the beart to try again, unless tho Logistature steps in and relicves Chicago from the incubus of thess town robbers, whose services consist mainly of plundering each of our threa towns ouce a year of 26,000 to $50,00) of making corrupt and unjust assessments, and of foiling to colleot ho personal taxes, —— The Chicago produce markets were rather wlow on Saturduy, .Mess pork was in good demond, and 20@30c per brl bigher, closing ot $21.00 cash, and $20,83 for October, Lard was quiet, and 10c per 100 Ibs bigher, closing 8431300 cagh, und $18.05@18.074 for October, Meats were in good demund and firm, at 8{c for shoulders, 120 for short ribs, and 12}o for short clearw. Highwines were in mod. erate request, and jo lower, at 81,184 per gol. lon. Lake freights were less active and firm. er, at 2{o nsked for corn to Buffalo, Flour was dull and ensler. Wheat was less active, and {@jc higler, closing st #1.14§ for Sep- tamber, aud $1.13t for October. Corn was Quiot and unchouged, closiug at 02jo cash, aud Wa for Octaber. Oats wers less sotive bility that Uliramontanism will seck the American Republio as a promising fleld for the devolopmont and enlargomont of ita influence. THE 8ECOND DUEL IN ILLINOIS. Tho first duel in this State took place & good mauny years ago, A killed B, sod a Sheriff, after the propor legal formalities had been gouo through with, hanged A. Now it is no doubt very chivalric aud all that sort of thing to be killed by o bullet through the heart fired by the man who has wronged or insulted cne, but death by a rope around the neck, with tho Sheriff for o second, is a very difforont affair. And thus it came to pass that ducling came into disrepute in this State, Suit for libel moy bo said to have taken ita place,~n very sensible nrrange went, inosmuch ns o verdiet for damages is really a much bettor proof to the world that your assailant haa been lying than being shot by the anssailant aforesaid can be. It Col. Epwarps snd Maj, Fosrem, of our St. Louis suburb, had been posted on tho details of the firat duel in Ilinois, they perhaps would not hnva selected this State ns o placo of rencontre, However, their military blood was up, and they loft St. Louis for Winnebago County with *‘Kill- Lim" beaming in their red richt oyes, Inst wills and testaments in their cont-tail pock. ots, and probably o secret bope in their learts that the police would interfore. They ara entitled to the credit of having got up n duel with all the modern improvements. The old stylo of duel generally had a woman mixed up 1 it sowio way or another, but this concerned a whole county-full of women. Col. Epwanps had chivalrously and delicately assarted thot the matrons of Winnebago County, Illinois, sipped tea with spoons stolen from Southerners during Sner- 3AN's march to tho sea, and whiled nway their leisure momonts by thumping pianos stolen from Southern ladies in the same way. JMaj. Fosrzn took up the gauntlet, and ultinately the pistol, in behall of severnl thousand Win- nebago women, insulted in this asinina way by Epwanrns, who was & bushwhacker during the War, on the Confedorate side, and is probably therefore acquainted with the meth. od of warfaro which he imputed to Sgim- saN’s army, Thero were still other differ- encos between this and the old duel. Thero usod to"ba “pistols for two and coffee for ono,” but tho formula was modified to mean pistola for two and whisky for seven. There waa much forethought shown in employing two newapapor roporters as ** pext friends " to describe tbo battle for the edif- cation of the reading publie, It would have been a duel in the durk but for the report. ers who brought it into the light. Mnj, Fostenr oxhibited n grim sort of humor in selecting Winnebago County as tho place of combat. Ho was detormined to give his an. tagonist a sight of the county which de- clined to bo told by Jerr Davia ‘‘ what Le knows about farming” and things, If fall ho must in defonso of the Lionor of the ladies of Winnebago, ho determined it shiould be in their midst; and if their slanderer was to shed any blood in expiation of his offense, Aloj. Fosten wanted him to spill it on Winncbago ground. The affair iu repect to tho fair had thus its serio-cowmio aspect. Another uniyue featuro was the conduct of the surgeon, Dr. O'Rexcry, who had to ho dragged into tho back and held there by his coat-tails and apostrophized his nbsent wife and children in terms 8o touching that an uninformed ouditor would Lave (hought O'RerLy himselt was going to be shot, inatend of simply digging out lead and bind. ing up somebody else's ehot-wounds, It in seldom that an Irishmon noeds o second invitation or sy urging to Lo present in a professional or persopal capacity at any scrimmage, whetler g8 spectator, bLottle- Lolder, or principal, However, the scared surgeon was Snally brought to the front, tho srrangements wero 1mnde, Tax Tminunz re. porter assumed o good place to seo the san. guinary scone without too much yersonal risk, aud everything wos ready for action, The principaly, looking wistfully at the shelter of the peighboring trees and dimly conscious that Baraaa's 088 was not Lol oy much of & donkey aa they, stepped forward, seized pistols, elevated them to their eyos, drew o bead on the ememy, pulled triggers, and blazed away ; whizz weut the bullets past tho bead of one and around the olber, ond nobody was burt, Then, by iuvitation of scconds, fhey shook bLands across the un. bloody chasw, forgave each other, and tho party drank all the Bourbon on hend in order to drown their diferonces. 'The ourlaln falla on them, ‘as they leave VWinuebago County with all possibls hiaste, Both of them sliowed thiero s more satisfaction in seelng tha courts driva thio Iaw-makers into dofng tight, after 1be present law has been tried, than fo the brief glory of s triumph on the passago of the bill No, 643, The Legislaturo of last winter, after an ex- perienco of the folly and Injustica of tho Rev- enup law, nmended the scction relating to the taxation of corporations by adding thero- to, in almost the exact words of Suont’s bill, the follawing proviso: Provided, furtner, that in aaseasing companies and associations organjzed for purely manufacturiug pur- poses, or for printing, o for pullishing of newaps- pers, os for tho Jmproving and Lreeding of stock, the assessment shall be 20 mado that such companfos aod assoctations so organized shall only be assasked dividuals under ifte cireumatances would bde asseased, and no more, and auch compan‘es and associstions sball bo allowed tho same deductions re aliowed to individuals, And now the Attorney-Goneral of the State declares that this amendment does not change tha law as it stood ; that on the contrary that it emphasizes it ; and that thethree classes of corporations named must not be assessed a3 in- dividuals, but thoy must bo taxed on their property, and in addition on their franchises, tleir debts, and their copital stock. The majority of the Board of Equalization, it iy understood. proposes to follow the Attorney- Genernl sullifying the law andattempting to imposo taxation positively forbidden by the statute. Tho Supreme Court has declared that the Courts will not mrrest the collection of atax oxcept wher the nssessment is fraudulent or thoe property nasessed is not legally subject to the tax. The law of 1875 prohibits the lovy of o tax on theso corporations except on their tangible property, and hence tho Courts will without hesitation promptly arrest the collection of any tax imposed on anything but their tangiblo proporty. RALSTON'S GREAT DEFALCATION. If Mr. D, O, Mirrs, the formor President of tho Bank of Californin, one of tho largest capitalists on tho Pacifio Slope, & heavy stockholder in the bauk, and the most inti- mate friend of the unfortunate Rarstoy, has given the San Francisco Dulletin nuthority for the statement that RarsroN was o default. er to tho bank in the amount of botween $3,000,000 and £4,000,0001 there is every reason to believe it is true, and it renders the failure more realily comprohensible than it was before. The allegation ia that Mr, Bar- sToN mbstracted Dotween £3,000,200 and $4,000,000 without the knowledge and con- sont of the Directors of the bank, and without providing the bank with the usgnal securitios oxacted in commercial loans, It in probuble that Mr, Ravrstoy has frandulent- ly taken this monay to invest in such enterpris. e 08 tho vastsaw-mills in the Sierra Nevadn, of which we spoke the other day ; to advance to personal friends who bad got intoa tight place, and who had no collaterals on which to borrow money; and also to ““buck” against Messrs. Froop & OB in mining. k gnmbling operations. It matters littlo, how- ever, for what purpose the money wns taken or where it was nsed ; it was wrongfully and feloniously extracled from the vaults of the bank, and, when the dopositors demanded it, it wasn't there to givo to them, Itis also alleged that Alr. RarsoN raised money upon an overissne of bank-stock, ‘That iy, e forged bank-stock and sold it. Whether ho used the proceeds from tho ealo of forged stock for his personal schemes, or for the purpose of helping the bank over tho difficulties into which ho Lad betrayed it, is likewiso of no importance, It was acrime all tho ssme, and served to accelerate the dis. aster. 1f theso charges be true, they settle the disputo as to whether or not Mr, RarsToxn committed suicide, If he knew himself to bo a defaulter and a forger, he was not the kind of wman o live under the disgrace of expos- ure, There is no longer any doubt that ho voluntarily sought death as the only escapo from overwhelming dishonor. The loss of life was trifling when brought in contrast with the loss of fortune, position, and honor, and the lnsting infamy put upon his name and family, It is hard to say theso things of a man who has voluntarily paid the penalty of his crime in death, but they are bettor said than unsaid. They can do the dead man no harm that ho did not do him. sclf. They may pousibly save others from falling into similar temptations by showing thom how fearful, and erushing, and inevita. ble ia the punishment, These late developements also furnish a more complete answer to the iuflationists, who Lavo endeavored to point to the failure of the Bank of California as & demonstration that the use of specie as a currency {s im. practicable snd dangerous, Suppose one of tho Lonks in this city, doing business in grecnbacks, were undermined and broken into by burglars, and robbed of £3,000,- 000 or &4,000,000 which could not be recovered. If this robbery so crippled tho yesources of the bank aa to force it to close ita doors and wind up its af. fairs, nobody would be absurd enough to chiarge that it failed because It was doing bus. iness iu greunbacks justead of gold. Thisis & porallel oasa. The Bank of Californis is snid to havo been robbed of $8,000,000 or £4,000,000 in gold, which it could not re- caver, Ag n consequenco, it hins not the gold to pay to its depositors on demand, 'Tho only difforence ia that, had it been doing bus. iness in a groenback community, its failuro would have precipitated a panio in California a3 tho failure of Jax Coore & Co. did throughout tho country in 1873, Asitis, n sound curronoy has saved tha Pacifle Blopo from n general financial erisis, ey BOUTHERN LAND, ‘Wo hava repeatodly referred to the failure of the South to take any practical steps to- wards the division of #ts soil among the. masses a8 ono of the surest.signs of tha do- cay of statesmanship in that section. Thera aro plenty of precedents in French and Ger- man legislation, bat they aro all unimproved and probably unknown to thomen who chattor Stato Bovercignty and shut their eyos to Btato self-destruction. While an Amorican community may well sbrink from the ex- tremo Governmental interferonce involved in such monaurds, but laws providing for the ready transfor of landed property and enfore. ing ita division in cases of intostacy wonld surely not be open to this objection, and would fend to bring about that era of small farms which will be tho era of prosperity for tho impoverished Bouth, When Tur TrinuNe first urged theso facts upon publie attention, an indigonnt planter in Arkansas wroto us that we wero wholly ignorant of what wo wore trying to write about, becanse, forsooth, he had alrendy sold part of his lands to six negroes. Even journalistic omniscienco might be pardoned for not keeping an eyo upon every individual Southern farmer. The trodble is that the remainder of our cor- respondent’s class have not done like him, ‘We ara glad to soo, however, that our articles aro not without effect, Southerners aro be- coming alive to tho absolute neeessity of in- viting immigration. Somo of the richest land in tho world lies sbeolutely idle becausa tho impecunious planter cannot bear to strip him- self of part of his ancestral acres for the sake of mnking the rest profitable. Other land, capablo of yielding heavy crops under the care, industry, and skill that peassut proprietorship nlways calls forth, is barren now for the samoe renson. Thero ara vast plantations in nearly every Southern State which would pay their embaorrassed owners far batter if thoy wero cut up in small {arms and eveory other farm were given away. Some slight conception of this truth scems to be stirring in Southern Yrains, Alabama bas made a really hopeful beginning. It hasa Bonrd of Immigration which is apparently doing good work. Two years ngo, 8 German colony way founded in a fertile section. The land it oecupied was thon worth 10 or 15 conts an acre, It now brings $4 to 86. The Innds occupied paid the State, in 1872, $2.30 of annual taxes, It now pays $1,100. The colony is rapidly growing, and several profita- blo branches of industry have been intro- duced. Georgin and Texns havo both done some- thing in the way of promoting immigration. Prof, Fnaxcrs A, Waunce's maps show that ports of Toxaa aro as thickly ssttled by for- cign-born citizens as Ilinois is. In South Carolina an unfortunate beginning was made. Tho Tax-Payors' Convention of last year ap- pointed nu Immigration Commissionor, but the debntes in the Convention showed that immigrants wero wanted for thoir voting ca- pacity, and were looked upon as a sort of su- perior caitlo, who could bo ruled politically as the poor whites avero before the War. Despising labor is not the way to allure Ia- bor. Tho press of the Palmetto State is now taking a more sensible view of the sit- nation, and is encournging immigration by every monns within its power, As smatters stand now, the averngo South. orn planter is in the hands of the * factor” who loans him money on the pledge of his futuro crop, and generally manages to sbsorb nearly, if not quits, all the profits, so that tho planter works for a bare subsistence, and someiimes runs in debt for that. If he should sell half or three-quarters of bhis land to his ex-slaves atlow ratesand on install- ments, he could probably cultivato the rest without borrowing money, and would make the profits for himself, not for the factor. ‘Fhero would bo a vast increaso in the aggro- gote crops, and the South would at Inst pro- duco for herself the wealth she so sadly lncka. LAW AND EQUILY. The progress of reform in England has no moro striking monufent than the celebruted Judicatura act, which, though passed sov- oral years ago and then amended, goes into oporation in 1875, In the carly months of this year soveral of the courts which had their fonndation centarics agn held their Iast session and adjourncd to meot no more. The Court of King's Bench, which dated its foundation between tho years 800 aud 900, and which counsequently was over a thousand years old, closed its records, senled wp its papers, aud adjourned forever. The judicinry of England has been revolutionized. 'The old courts havo buen abollshed. Tho dis~ tinctiona bolween law and equity have been abolished, and now courts with new namea and a common jurisdiction havo taken the place of the old ones. Tho sbolition of tho Courts of Chancery holding a special jurisdiction as such i a rov- olution in English judicature. The ablest and the most distingulshod names in the his- tory of English jurisprudenco havo obtained thelr fame in the Chancery Courts of Eu- gland. Tha tenacity with which the English people sdhore to thefr ancient Constitution and to the institutions of the past, and the ulowness with which they bearken to propo. sitiong for change, is historical. Great changes are made thero generally by some sudden concentration of popular will soting upon and overcoming Minlsterial conserva. tisia, In thie cnse, Lowever, the change, great’sa it is, has beon universally acquiesced in, and tho only surprise {s that it was do- loyed so long, The Chancery Court has dis- appeared becauso the occasion snd necessity for it had ceased to exist. The Court of Chancery owed ita origin to a necessity, and has long since outgrown that necessity, Equity had ceased (o make any progress. It L:ad reached its ultimate Jimits, It was 50 hemmed iv, restrained, and gov. erned by {ts own precedents, that its courts were merely recorders of judgments upon rules and principles long since established. There #as positively nothing new. Original. ly an equity court was a necessity,—that to secure justice it should be governed by an unwritten law, unknown to and not recog- nized by the common law ; but the occasion when such a tribunal should edminister an exclugive jurisdiction superior to that of the ordinary law courta had long passed away. The priaciples which equity courts applied tocorrect or mitigats the law of the land have all been incorporated within the law, aud & apecial court to administer them had becomd & uselens appendage to the judicial system. Tho Chancery Courts had censed to exercise their primary function,—tho correction of the law; they lind reduced equity jurisprudence to a written code, embraced within theso preco- dents. The great function of that Court was to grant relief when the law did not, snd to grant relief against the letter of the law. Substantinlly, it construed or ndministered Iaw na it should be in equity and justice, nnd not na the Iaw itself demanded. In time this great tribuoal beeamen permanont and essen- tinl feature of tho judicial system. It Le- como a court with a ‘‘law side " and nn “‘equity side"; and the equity system, ns dis- tinguished from the law branch, forms one of tho groat subjects of the voluminous legal literaturo of the ,English langungo. The conrts have gono on for centuries adininister~ ing justico from these two branchies of the judicinry, until long sinco the principlos of the law have practically become the ramo in the Jaw and the equity courts. v The now judicinry has been recognized on this principle, Tho courta administer the law in justico and equity. Tho remedies onco obtainable only in equity can now be had ot law, Dlaintifs and defondants can have in a trial at law the benafit of whatever principles of equity that were onco obtaina. ble only in o different court, Tho delays of justice are greatly avoided. The costs of lit- igation aro reduced. A case is no longor tied up in two courts of different juriediction. Equity has been made on integral part of the law, and the law is to bo andministered in equity. Tho change in tho judicinl system, tho reorgnnization of the courts, tho reduc- tion of their number, and the establishment of a common juriudiction, hinve been accept- ed by the Judges and the Bar, and the coun. try generally, with great satisfaction. Tho present year will seo the new couris in full operation, **CROOKED” RUM, The whisky tax has developed tho most onormous frauds upon the Troasuty, and tho most extroordinary ingenuity ip tho plans nnd devicos by which those frauds have beon successful, Whisky frauds on tho rovenuo are not new. Omitting those in Pennsyl- vania and New England in tho carly days of tho Union, wo wish to recall a most in- genious and for a timo successful fraud upon thio Treasury perpetrated by the manufaciur- ers of rum during tho period between tho enactment of the compromiso tarif of 1833 and 1842, Under that tarifl thero was a duty of & centa n gallon lovied on molasses, with a drawback equal to the duty upon all molnsses used in the manufacture of exported ram, A gtlon of good molasses would produce o gollon of rum, though tho averngo wns less. Some time after the passage of the act the oxportation of molasses in tho shape of rum began to incrense, and rpidly. Every man exporting n gallon of rum weunt o tho Treas- ury and obtained therefrom a sum of money equal to the duty oz an equal nmount of molasses. In 1839, the imports of molasses and the exports of rum compared as follows : Gations, o Ju2348 Tmporta of molasses. ot 336,600 Exports of rum,... Otherwise cousnmed. Hero thera was a showing the United States there wero only 85,669 gallons of molassos used.oxcept in the manu. focturo of rum. As the Treasury bad to pay tho exporter of rum G cents per gallon, on the assumption that tho rum was made of imported molnsses, the net revenue from mo- lasses was annually growing smaller, At last the trick and fraud was detected. The dis- tillers of rum discovered that by distilling comnton whisky through charcoal it would bo deprived of smell and taste. So, whonover the price of common whisky was less than that of molasses, the practico was to put the deodorized whisky with a slight mixture of renl rum through a rum distillery, and tho whole would come out meschantable rum. In this wny, & thousnnd gallons of common whisky mixzed with fifty gallons of rum run through a rum distillery would como ont 1,050 gallons of rum, on which the distiller would demand and receive from the Treasury n drawback of 5 cents per gallon, on the ground that the whole was made from im- ported molasses on which the Government had collected that amount of duty, In point uf morals,, tho robbery of the Treasury wos no less criminal than the rob- bery under the whisky tax at present. But, in the nmount of revenuo stolen, the fraud wag comparatively a emall one, Even under the slight cncouragement afforded by the steal of 5 cents a gallon, the trade in exported rum grew from $28,403 in 1833 to 233,707 in 1840, Intho Inst-nmmed year tho draw- backs on tho exported rum excecded the rov- enuo from tho imported molasses Grent ns have been the frauds in the whisky business of lato years, they have not yet reached the point of consuming all the revenue, and lenving the Government in debt to the dis- tillers, The State Board of Equalization is just now worried upon a question which perhapa never seriously agitated any other Bonrd or body of intelligent men, It is whether in nssessing the value of tho rond-bed of a rail- way the cost of grading should be counted as conatituting part of tha taxsble property! That is to say, whon o road.-bed is laid on & rvoute requiring leavy eox- cavation, or through rock, or deep filling, should the cost and losa of this extraordinary work be added to tho taxable value of tbo rond.bed! Tho Stato Auditor has given lis opinfon that it should not be. The Attorney.General has not been heard from, but the anti-monopolists of the State Board furiously assort their purposa of including the cost and loss of construction in the taxable value of tho rond-bed. Inanun- guarded or ironleal momeut the Supreme Court used languago intimating that the State Board was a court unto itself, and the members have ovor sluco felt that it was no uso to be a court-unloss thoy can lay down some sbaurd law, Ience it is proposed that this nondescript * court™ set asida the act of the Legislature of the last sesiion, and decido that the value of a half mile of rail. road-bed, cut through o rock, is ol nucessity equal to the cost of constructingit! Tur Cuicaa0 o Fridsy morntog, giviug aluiply the Arexcated Press uswe, and coni. plaiusug that the ank-Lreskiug news from Callfornls od that *uo futimaiion was kiven « usion, imuiediste or remiote. Uetan, on e ollek Liud, sppested with a {al giviug & full sccount of the wholy and the yessons for it, Here's tho dier- «oia} To® TRILUNE used 10 ba & Lewspaper, sod e Inler-Ucean lu.~Ues Jo.nea Jtepater, Blees your tnuocent soul, dou't you know that what you call & ** lenpiby epecial” lu the Inler- Ocean was writton in the oftice by tho finaucial editor (wuo bad beea u Califorais nat 1007 be- fore). and was bolalv tranaterzed to the telegraph- iocolumus by thenigbi-aditor and marked “upe- cial dipatch,” aud was thua patmed off by the palmer of the coucern upon its unsuwpactiug readeta? Each of tho Chicago worojug papois tried to gt speciale oo Thursday night sftur the fallure of the Califoruls bank, bui noue came tuzough, Tus Tawsuss printed every word of pewa on Friday morning that came over the wires from Ban Francisco, concerning the failure. One paper receiyed jnat about as mach as the otber, and noither got & word moro than was contalned I & briet Aseociated-Press dispateis. ANOTEER CHICAGQ EVANGELIST, Tho results attending tho labora of Ar. Moony in Great Iiritsin during tho past two yoara have bosn such &4 to make his campalgn there the matn religious toplo of the time, Tho fact 1s ho Is m gonuino man,—in dead earnest,— a man who, thoroughly belioving hio has got hold of something of great and‘ permanunt valus,— apeacl of great prico,—but wilh referonco to which Lhe great maes of men are living in ig- norance or indiffarencoe, astoniehea tho world by acting aquarely up to theso convictions, and apouding ali Lia timo, forgetful of other consid- erations, in making known the “iidings" to otbiers, Bay what wo will, thers mnat bo a doal that is sdmirable in such & man,—~ilcro must Lo o desl of wholosomo truth fu tho sermoun ho preachios. Wo defy one to read an account of Lis carecr without belog stirred. Woare glad Lo is back in this counsry again, and wo trust that, when he rocommences activo labor smorg us, it may bo with the hearty co-operation and sympathy cer- tainly of all thoso whoso professions coincido with hie practice, But our intontion at prosent was more partic- ularly to call attention to the scarcely-lees sur- prising work in England of aunothor Chicago LEvangelist, Maj, Jauzs H. CovLg, who left bero, In company with 3Mr. Jony V. FanweLr, only Iast May. Tho English papots contain froquont noticos of his moctiugs at Bow Halt and Victo- ris Theatro, Londou, sud at the * Circus” and Victoris Hall, Liverpool,—~ono of those articles, from & Liverpool papor, boing republiebed by ua to-day. It s clear that in Ma). CoLr wo have another man who hbss somothing to eay, aud who bo- lioves what ho says; snd mceordingly, though but imperfectly educated, tho poople flock by thousauds to hear um, sud bear him gladly. ‘Wo lesin that Maj. CoLz was bora about 1837, at Jackgouvillo, in thna State, 1w father, who is in tho Methodist ministty, was wble to give him but a very slender education, aud at an ago whon moat boys aro yot in tho fourth roader young CoLz hiad to alart out, uvaded, to earn his own liviog. Ho wasa clork for somo yoars ia grocery and dry-goods storos. sud when about 19 camo West from Cootral Now York, whero bta fathor thoo lived, to tako a position in tho Michigan Soutbern Railroad ofice at Adrian. During tho War bo recruitod & compsuy fora Michigan regiment, and with it wont through tho poniusulsr campaign. In 1867 Lie camo to Cbicago. At thia tims the habit of drinling— firat formed by tho use of cod-livor oil aund whis. Ly proscnbed as medicino—was 1aut gottingcon- trol of bim, It soon camo to be bis master, un- fitting bim for sll regular employmout, aud drawing bim steadily lower and lower, Tho wonetor bad his grip upon him, aod Le folt that witbout ifustaut help he was s rulned msu. Thore are thoeo connected with tho Presbyto- rian Church at Ifydo Psrk who well romomber the evemng—about 1§69—when Ma). CoLt roso ot & meoting, confessing tho terriblo habit which poswessod Lim, and tho worthleasnesd of his own rosclutions ogrinet it, and bessecbing tho Chris- tinn pooplo thoie to take bold of him andeave him, About 1870 ho rose oue day in the unoon prayer-meeling of tho Young Meun's Christian Aseociation, stated that ho had long beon a victim to drink, but declarad that by the bloss- log of God be was free from the chalo. Mr. Moopy, nho was observed to be watchiug bim closely 28 ho epoke, turned to & fricod at b stdo when he lhad finished, and said, *I know that mon, I am giad i 18 right with bimat last,” From that time to tho present, Maj. Cote has been touch of the timo an unobserved but always » diligont and olfactive worker 1n the roligious field, ' Aftor tho firo ho bogan to giva most of als timo to such labor, —not speaking vory oftan at publio meetiags, but visiting daily tho city bos- pital, bouses of tho poor aud sicly, and tho Jail. ‘There was aboat this 1imo » fawily on Tuenty- foursh stroet, —tho fatber and mother both sick with consumpiion,—whoro ho visited almost _daily for mouths. He took caroof tuem till they disd, and afterwards found homeas for thoir ohildren. It waa In suoh work as this that tho foundation of hie preacat us: £ i'uces was laid. For sbout threa yoars beforo ha left for En. Rlsod, Ma). Core was Chairman of the Devo- tioual Committos of tho Young Men's Chriatian Asgoclation, aud, though still oot promineut aw a speaker, was an oxceodinglv effective man in tho position, especially lo lus work with {udividuals, ‘We Liave nover 826, any one who in this persona] work—deallng with individual inquirers and doubters—knew betlor how to speak tho right word In the rignt place. During the past winter Lo visited, at sho Invi- tation of mluisters who knew of him only through tbo recommendation of friends in Chi- cago, Baraboo, Wis., aud Moline and Rock Island; and in those places spout altogether woveral months in evangelistic work,—giving Bible-read- 10g and Gospel meetivga. This was the first coutinuous work of lba kind rerformed by bim, e entored upon it with litle epocial prepara- tlon, aud no one probably was more s prised than bimself at his ability, night after night, to @peak to large nssembliages with continually ine creasing ovidencas of accoptanca, Such is » vketch of the previous metory of tho young man who, during tho past summer, has been olciting from tho Fuglish press such noticea as the ono wa publish in snother column, ‘We loave thosa botter quaiitied tuan ourselves to oxplain tho causes which must bo at work to rendor such results possiblo, B R G RSN The recent poetical jeromiads of Jayes Rue- BELL LoweLL, which have appeared in tho mag- nzines and pewapapors, intimawng that tho coun- try Is going to tho bad, are creating considerablo criticism 1o various quarters, The error which Prof, LowrLL makes i, that ho sttributes to tho whole poople the elns of the few. Becauso there {8 corruption, fraud, and theft in official places, bocauso soma representative morchants and baukers bavo proved dishoneat, it does not follow that the whole political and commercial world fa dishonest. Were ho less m poat, lie would Lisve kuown (hat honesty and virtus are alwava preserved by the people, and that sooner or later they will riso iL successful protest against dishooesty and vice i bigh places. Ho would have known that In all ages and times there bavae been oras like the preasnt, but thoy have alwaye brought thoir own romediss. But tuey will bo of sternor sort thaa the jeromiads of = poetical dilletante. et & e Dlood-pawders aro & now invention, fntended for the use of cousumptives and other mvalida who have not blood enough of tbeir owa to go around. Ope of theso powdors, takien in & glass of wator, mll tone up s weak sysiem without indusing dyspepais, which generally results from the drioking of blood at the slaughter-houses. This Iaster treatment, indeed, has boen preity generally discarded. Blood-pawders munitestly Lave their advantages, They can be co {ontly carried, aud may ba tolerably palatable whon skillfully mized, Even Lealthy persoos might carry them about ay & mesos of recupera~ tion In case of accident,~such 8 & row, for iue atance, with & brutal hackman, or an unsuccess- ful encounter with a lamp-post after & night ab the club. —_— The conductors on {ho Ponusylvania Railroad Lave Fiench-warom uvlforme, without pooketu. Tl I8 someliow meaut to foterfore with their anking to their owu profit, but it has 8o far re- sulted in notliing but faw, and will provoke ead- less discushion, —_——— When Benator SganoN ‘said that be would aacrliice Lis whole foriune of §15,000,000 rather than sutferany ataln {o ress upon the momory of Raryros, Lo was doubtleas aaying one ward for bis friend and two for bimealf, Desides, (bore are some things tuad tuoney osmmol buy, and reputstion is one &f thom. Fiftesu million doltsra will go & long ways in a groat many en. torprines, but it cannot wipe ont dishouor, Bitauox Liad better bavo hold bis poace, —— Bomebody, who {8 apparontly afrald to aign bis name, writos us and offera to auswor tha quontion why thio French assignat went down In valuo, and explain why the greenback, though wholly deprived of a specto basls, {3 sure not to sbaro the ssme fate, Lot him anawor forthuith, When ho baa porformed (his feat of monlal gymnastics. wo adviso him to turn bis attention to discovering porpetual motion and to pruving that black is whito, —_——— A Massachuselta man has invented an ap. paratus for throwing mail-bags into a train moving at full speed. Tho bag is hung ou a erane, while & bar on top of tho mail.car oatches it off tho crano and lets it slide in, This, with tho system of dropping the bags without stop ping, should add to tho speed of tralus, Of coureo, it is designed to injure 8t, Louis in some way, Our telegraphic reports announcad, & fatw days 8g0, tho entargement of tho Quincy Whig. That papor reacbos ua uow in quarto form. It i a crodit to Quiney, Matlor aud make-up sre both oxcellont, Tho Whig makes n good fight for Ropublican principles in & Domocratio strong hold, We are glad to note tho signs of its ovi- deut prospority, ——— ‘The Woman-Buftragists have adopted tho war cry, **No ballot, no babiea.” The world is not torrifled. DBallot or no ballot, with them tho ro- sult would bo the samo. Think of somo wore convinoing argument. POLITICAL NOTES Blanton Dnncan has invented a phraso which strikes tho Jlinots Stale Register 88 novel and suggestivo. Ile haaspuken of publishing monaoy | Josuplius Sooy, the dofaulting State Treanurcr of Now Joraey, ment in his resignation to the Govornor from hia coll in fail, and assigned asn reason for retiring rom publio lile **tho bad condition of my hoalth.” Ho s ahealthy onough subjoct for a torm in the Btate Prison. Tho St, Paul papers publish snd give credit to o statoment that Benator Medllan snd Col, Bill King have entored into an allianco offensive and dotonmvo, It is nsaorted that overy ~»~my of Col. Ring will have his head chopped T4 oty bebind tho ears, Tho satory i Liard tu b:hiove, 1t neods verlideation. 1t ia understood that both Boustors Danes ord Boutwaoll favor tho nomination of A, B. Rivo e the Republican candidato for Governcr of Max~ sachusolts; also, that they favor tho nomina. tion of Dr. Loring, and aro not averse to any promipent candidato whom the Ropubiican Cun- ‘vention may nomivato, Bishop Gilbert Hsvon, of tho Mothodis Cliurch, {8 really a goad deal of & nuieauce; aud it 18 not vurprising that the respectable peoplo of Goorgia, in whosoe midat ho resides, do not conrt his acqumuntance. Ho s accrstouied to preach amalgamation and carpet-bag policics ia about equal proportions, Tho editor of the Indianapolia Srutinel is a brotuer-in-1aw of tho propristor, who tuol hiw in ss & matterof Siial doty; but he findano difficalty in asseiling Gen. Grant forgiving an ofice to bLis brothei-io-law. As too Journal says: * It {saurpiising Low indopeudent a fel- low becomes when ho i provided for Limsclf.” Old Bill Allen'a religious views bavo been reactiod at Inst; of course that was e rubjoct to bu touched sooner or Jater. The vennrnolo mon appoars to bo a Pantheist, It is feaved that tha Octobor ulection may embittor bia feelings etudl furtbor, and that Lo will soy profauely in hia henrt, like the fool 1 Salptures, *Tacre is no Qod." Gen. John Cochrane rocently stated that tho object of tie Now York Liberals at prescot was to walt uatit the Republicans and De-socrats had made thoir nominatione, whon tho Liberals would wako their cholco from tho two ticketds e suid it wou'd cost a¢ least 830,000 to couduct an independont canvasg in tho Btato, nud the Liberals did not have 810 1n tuoir treasnry. Judge Kelloy's frionda claim for hin that be prodiated the finaucial smash in Cal fortis niore than 8 month ago. Admitting this to Lo truo, 1t 1y difiicult to soo what pacticular crodit he do- servos for malung tho predietion, Tha *smash?™ was 1ot mwuch, after wll ; and nothiag hko whnt it would Lave boeuf the pooplo of Cuiifornia bad been afilicted with suirredoamablscurrency, Keop an oyo out to windward for the Massa-~ chusetts Republican Convention. 1t will cere tainly be ous of (he mont interesing political events of the soason. Not to merdivu Chatles Finucis Adame—who doubtless stiuds not tho xhost of & clisdco of Laitg nominated for tiov- ornor—tuore is the little feoling bt i Vicos President Wilson's frionds and Dout s adlier- outs, which may lead to bigresults, cod way not, 'Ware the caucus. - Clams aro gonorally considored go »d litezors, they are personally 5o silent. Parlips 1t wew for this 10as0n that tho gravd Revublican rally at Orchard Doach, Mo, last Thurcday offe:od 80 much enjoyment to all concorucd. Theio wero political upoaking and direct appeuls to tha clams at jutorvals ; and good humor prevailed on all sides, Among the distinguishe t Ropa lise ous preacnt wore Judge Iloar, Senutor Morton, Fred Douglass, sod ex-Gov. Wasubuin of Massachusotis. o Hou, Jokn M. Beott, Bupremo Judee of Iltinoie, fe epoken of in connecion with tho Guberostorial offico; but his friends way hig Latred of politics s 60 atrong that ho could not be induced to make tho canvass. The Hon, Thomas T. Tipton, Judgo of thedlc Clean Conuty Circuit Coust, is also mentioned by a Bloomiuge ton correapondent of the Indianapolia Journal. The same authority says ihat Beverldgo will cer- tainly bo a candidate, and Cullom Lss no thought of taking back seat. ‘Tl Uit of acholars who have gone (ate pal- ftica includes, beaides Prof. Pattereon, Anron DBurr, Jofforson Davie, and Bonjamin F. Butlorg and smoug the prominent politiciana who rose from the rauks without being moholars wers Androw Jackson, Abrabam Lincoln, Honry Wit~ non, and Goorge Wasbington, *Tho fact is,", waya tue Independenl, *that the scholer isin politice already, and always was, sod we are glad of i.” Certainly the scholar is wanted in politics, aud 8o is the *solf-made™ man; but why publish tho fecta with such a fusa? Tho Loulsville Courier-Journal sugyosta that the fund for s nationa! Lincoln monument fu Waatiivgton, supposod to be in tho possession of Gan, Bpinaer, should be turned over tothe Washingtou Monumout Asacciation, The Cieds avors that ** Lincoln is rapldly fading from the wmeworica of even tho most loyal,” and {ntimatey tuat another monument to him would ba s ude- less expeuse. Opiviona will differ, and 8o loug us they do, loyal men will not have much re- spect for whiat Alr, Wattarson says about Abra- bam Lincala, The editor of the Philadolphis Times upbraide ex-Sopator Carpenter for his evasive oourse in relation to the currency question ; but it doos Dot appear that the 7imes itsellis soclear ou thiy poiut that & laboring man, though a fool, noed not mistake its poaition. The Times avers thut ex-Senator Carpenter had & aoft-money speoch already prepared to doliver at Datroit, and that be was only fuduced o suppreas it by the per- sonal solicitationa of Bou Chandler and Morton. Thlsatstement s probably mot true; at any rate, it cannot be acoopted withous batter suthority tban it haa at present. 5 Complaint has besn made to Bsoratary Jewell that certain Demoorstio powspapera in Maluo have been opeued in the Posi-Ofiices, and Bo- publicsn csmpaign documents folded inside. The Becretary asks for proofs, and writes to tho compluining frienda : **Buch action is io direst violation of tue sules of the Department, of de- conoy, sud of the proprieties of officis] poaition, I you'wil present to this Department ther - o thal any odlosr or ensploys us beeu gub