Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, September 5, 1875, Page 4

TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. RATES OF SURSCRIPTION (PATABLE DN ADVANCE). Postaxe ¥repaid at this Ofice. s 1 3. ‘Weekly. ) year.. 1.6 Rt P L gt o o > biesneets - a.00l Parts of a yerr at the same rate. ‘WaNTED—One active agent in each town and villsge, Bpecial arrangementa made with such, Specimen copies sent free. To prevent delay and mistakes, be sure snd give Fost-Ofice addreas i full, including Stateand County. . Remittances may be made either by draft, express ‘Post-Office order, or in registered letters, at ourrisk. * TERMS TO CITY SUBSCRIBERS. Daily, delivered, Sunday excepted, 23 cents per week. Daily, delivered, Sunday included, 30 cents per week, Address ‘THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Carper Madison and Dearborn-sts.. Chicago, Ill TO-MORROW'S AMUSEMENTS. WOOD'S MUSEUM—Monroo_street, between Dears Born and State. “ Around the World in Eighty Daye.” ACADEMY OF MUSIC—Halsted street, between Madison and Monroe. Engsgement of Milton Nobles. “ Bohemians and ves.” McVICKER'S THEATRE—Msdison street, between, Dearborn and State. Engagement of Edwin Adams. « Enoch Arden.” HOOLEYS THEATRE—Rindolph Ciarkand LeSalls, Engagement of Minatrels. street, between the Califarnis CHICAGO TEEATRE—Clark street, betwsen Ran- folpt and Lake, * Hearis and Diamonds.” on street, between Clark Eennedy Family. FAEWELL HALL—Afad! 04 Lasalle, Cor ‘socl CHICAGO COUNCIL OF PRINCES OF JERUSA- LEM. % & A. Scolch Ttite Maaus—A regulsr conven- Hon wili be beld at Consistorial Hail, <2 Monroest, o Narsdsy eveniug next. \Work oo tne16thand 17t B f Degress. By order Of, < O'NEIL, 8.G.PodLe. Ep GooDAL, Gr, Sec. FAIRVIEW CHAPTEE, No. 161, R. A, 3L—Special somvoeation at their ball, corner of Cotlage Grovesv. 1nd Thirty-seventh-at., Wednesday evening, Sept. B, st }orclock stirp. Work on the Royal Arch Degree. #ing Companions cordially invited. Ly order of H B 3. E. CHADWICE, Secretary. DIONYSITS LODGE, NG 20, K. of P.—All mem- ‘bera are requested to_mest at' their Castle Hall, 13 ., on Mopday evening, Sept., tor e anwaction of important business, By order of the g PYON A. STRAUS, K.of R &8 lon. Lake freights were less active and firm- er, at 2lc asked for corn to Buffalo. Flour was dull and easier, Wheat was less active, and }@jc higher, closing at $1.14f for Sep- tember, and $1.13} for October. Corn was quiet and unchanged, closing at 62jc cash, and 63c for October. Oats were less active and easier, closing at 33c for September, and 34#c for October. Rye was dull, at T8§@79c. Barley was dull, agd 1}@3c lower, osing at $1.08 for September. Hogs were dull, and 5 @10c lower. Trading was slow, at S7.75@ 7.95 for common to prime light, and-at $7.40 @7.75 for poor to good heavy. Extra assort- od sold at $8.50@8.70. Cattle met with some inquiry at the reduced prices.of Friday. Sales were at §2.25@6.45. Sheep were nominal, there being no fresh arrivals. One hundred dollars in gold would buy $114.50 in green- backs at the cise. ] THE CUS 0GSE INVESTIGATION. It would not be proper to attempt to in- finence in any way the conclusions of the Government Commission of seven gentlemen now hero to examine into the condition of the Custom-House walls and foundation. The Commissioners sre from different sec- tions of the country, occupy high positions in their respective professions, and evidently enter upon the investigation with the single purpose of doing their duty. But there may be differences of opinion concerning the ob- ject which the Government has in view in ordering the investigation, and as to the proper mode of entering upon the examina- tion. Concerning these, it is entirely le- gitimate and proper - that we should point out to the Commissioners, all of whom ars non-residents, the pre- vailing feeling among the Chicago people, who are the principal parties in interest. We apprehend, for instance, that Gen. SxaTH, 8 member of the first Government Commis- | sion, miscontrues the real purpose of an in- vestigation’ when he says, as he did a day or two ago to a reporter, that, regardless of the question whether the building will be & safe one when finished, ** it ought to be torn ATTENTIOK, STR ENIGIITS {—Sfated conclave ot Chicsgo Commandery, No. 19, K. T., Monday evening, Bept. 6, 1675, for business ond work on K.T. Order. Vissting Sir_Enights courteonsly invited. =By order of the Em. Com. G. A. WILLIAMS, Recorder, ST. GEORGE'S BENEVOLENT ASSOCIATION.— e regulas mouthly meeting will beheld st thetr ball, 167 Washington-at., on Monday evening, Sept. 6, 18:5, 348 o'clock. THOS. BUTTON, Bec. Soc, — BUSINESS NOTICES. BUGS—FOR A EMALL BUst DONT LET THE bugs eat yon up- COMAX, 1470 South Deacborn-st, destroys tbem. . The @hitage Tribune. Bundsy Mormng, September 5, 1875. l The California Legislature is Democratic, which, in this case, means railroad monop- oly. At the New York Gold Exchange on Satur- day, greenbacks were worth at the opening 874 cents on the dollar, the closing price be- ing 87} —ne. That terrible *insurrection” of Republican blscks in Georgia 15 atanend. The alleged ringleader has been found ‘‘not guilty " by 2 Democratic jury, and most of the prisoners have been discharged. We are glad to see that the Georgia Democrats, after their first seare, or pretended fright, acted in g sensible way. Jomy Raxporvm informed the Senate, once upon a time, that when the fire-bell rang in Richmond, after dark, every mother clasped her baby to her bosom and shud- dered with fear of being butchered by in- furiste elaves forthwith. That time has passed away with slavery. We shall prob- sbly hear no mote of negro insurrections until an election draws near and Democratic votes are needed. ee— We haven't heard much of Mr. Mrxe Bar- rry's Bureau of Building Inspection since the ordinance was passed creating it and the Inspectors appointed. There are a good many things they might do, nevertheless. Why do they not, for instance, insist that sontractors who are erecting buildings at this hot season of the year shall water the brick plentifully? They fenerally neglect to do this for the purpose of saving the expense of an ertrs lnborer who would be required for the work, and the consequence is, that the bricks,when laid in the wall, instantly sbsorb all the moisture in the mortar, and leave the _wall in an unsubstantial and insecure condi- tion. Another thing which Mr. Barmer's Building Bureau might do: The building- law requires that where party-walls are con- structed there shall be flanges at each story, 80 that the sdjoining building msy be erect- #d, and the joists adjusted, without affecting the integrity and threstening tie safety of the walls. Yet'itisa frequent occurrence thaet those who build to pariy-walls desire to make sope change in the height of the stories, and proceed deliberately to brenk away the langes and pierce the party-walls to make s place for the timbers. Perbaps Mr. Barrer's Inspectors might look into this if they have time. e — The Town Board finally compromised by paying the Town Collector $12,000 for his four months' work,—$10,500 for expenses, add $1.500 for his own “salary. This is cer- tainly better than & year or two s8go, when $25,000 was puid for the same miserably- performed work ; but it is still too much. A Detter proposition .was broached relative to the fature, viz.: the allowancs of the 2 per cent commission which the Collector is re- quired by law to torn over when it amounts to more than $1,500. If Mixx Evaxsbad been given 2 per cent on his tollections he would have received sbout $6,000 for the work instead of the §12,000 voted to him. As the Town Collestor ‘will have to collect the city taxes next year, it will be better that he should receive a eommission, and 1o salary or sllowance, as it will be an incentive to coilect 88 much 8s possible. The city can better afford to pay 220,000 for baving $1,000,000 collected than $12,000 for having 300,000 collected, 88 was the case in the present settlement. As bnt an infinitesimal proportion of the personal tax is collected aftér it passes into the Coun- ty Treasurer's hands, it is well that a3 much of it shall be coilected by the Town Collector 8 poszgible ; he will collect more on commis- xon then in any other way, and his pay will 2ot be 80 much out of proportion. The Chicago produce markets were rather slow on Seturdny. Mess pork was in good demand, and 20@30c per brl higher, closing 8¢ $21.00 cash, and $20.85 for October. Lard ‘was quiet, and 10¢ per 100 s higher, closing n'u.oouq, aad $18.05@18.07} for October. Meats were in good demand and firm, at Sic for shoulders, 120 for short nbs, and 1lc for short clesm. Highwinos were in mod- ale requast, and jo lowar, at §1.18§ Per gal- ~ down on account of the poor stome,” that we want 8 building here which will be & local and national pride,” ete. That is all very well, and it is unquestionably what we wanted, and what we expected when the | building was begun. There have probably been very serious errors in construction, almost criminal npeglect in the in- spection of the stone, and manifold mistakes and serious carelessness that mar the beauty of the structure, and render it impossible to make the Custom- House, if finished up on the present walls, as gorgeous and mgnificent as it was imtended tobe. But these mistikes have been inci- dent to the expenditure of about 1,250,000, and the question is whether that amount shall be sacrificed and the building torn down, in order to achieve the high degree of architectural besuty at first contemplated. The first Government Commission seemed to think that the people could afford the loss of a million and a quarter’ in order to secure artistie finish and grandeur, and they evi- dently reachea ikcir condnusions on that premise. But the rentiment of the peopls who have to stand the loss is evidently that, if the present walls can be carried up, the de- fective stones removed, the bloiches effaccd, and a strocture attained that will be solid, safe, and durable, it is better to go'on than to incar a loss of over $1,000,000 for msthetic purposes. We take it that the present exam- ination should proceed upon this sensible and economical basis. Thare is another thing which we may sug- gest to the present Commission withont seeking to influence their judgment against the facts as they may find them. The ques- tion of the solidity and durability of the building depends upon the amount of press- ure to the square foot and the capacity of the Chicago soil for sustaining it. The first Gov- ernment Commission proceeded upon the as- sumption that the bailding, when completed, would have a pressure of 4 tons to the square foot,while the Commission of local architects made their tests on a basis of a pressare of less than 2 tons to the square foot. Hereis ‘s wide difference that would account for diverse conclusions. The Supervising Archi- tect at Washington seems to be responsible for this variation. The first thing for the new Commissioners to determine is which of these tw a ;timates is correct, and then make their experiments and draw their conclusions accordingly. .Itis simply absurd to require, under the present. circumstances, that the ground shall have the capacity to gupport doubile the weight which will actually be im- posed upon it. In regard to the compression of the Chicago sub-soil, the Commissioners will be as likely to arrive at a correct conclusion by analogy 88 by sny other process of reasoning. The best practical test of what Chicsgo soil will sustain is to be found in the observation of what it bas sustained. The Commissioners will do well to to look over some of the tall- est and heaviest buildings in the city,—sach buildings as the Chamber of Commerce, the Pulmer House, the Tremont House, TxE Trsuxe block, the American Express Com- pany's building, the Pacific Hotel, Hoxore's buildings, etc. The average of the soil is sbont the same under all these buildings and the Custom-House. Some of thém are from 100 to 110 feet in height, and, allowing for the diffzrence in the width of the foundation, it is probable that the pressure per square foot in these buildings is as great as thers will be in the Custom-House when completed The present Commissioners ought to svail them- selves of the local experience of Chicago en- gineers, architects, snd practical builders. The City Engineer and the architects who msads the examination of the walls on the part of the city can give the present Com- mission the technical reasons and professional experiences that led them to the conclasions embodied in their report,—reasons which the general public wonld not understand. The Government Commissioners should also eall in other Chicago architects, builders, and en- gineers, in order to avsil themselves fully of local experience, the valuo of which in re- gard to local buildings cannot be overesti- mated. There is certainly every reason to expecta fair and thorough investigation from such men as Gen. W. B. Fravxury and Gen. J. H. WrLsox, civil engineers; Messrs. N. J. Brao- vy, Hexay WrorresTone, and JomN McAr- THUB, Jr., srchitects ; and Axppxw KXNEDY snd B. J. Doneixs, buildéit.. Thess gentle- men form the present Commission, snd their findings will exert & larger influence on the final disposition of the matter than any previous action. It is of the most vital importance, therefore, that they should prop- erly understand the purpose of the investiga- tion. We take it to be,—and certsinly the people believeit to be,—not whether the work bas been done well or badly so far, and not whether the building will be as handsome and artistio &8 it ought to be, but whether it can be completed upon ths present walls so THE 'CHICAGO TRIBUNE: asto be substential, solid, and durable, and serve all the purposes for which it is in- tended. 5 i PAVING STREETS BY PRIVATE CONTRACT. It ought to be generally anderstood that there is only one pructical way in which the sfreets of Chicago can be paved, and that is by the privafe enterprise and contract of the property-owners on the street to be im- proved. A good mary thonghtless people, who appreciate thé wretched condition of our streets, but are not informed as to the obsta- cles in the way, -wonder why the city does not put down the pavements and make A\‘.ha people pay for them by general taxation. "The city has not the authority to do this, If it had, where would the money come from ? The people are already paying more taxes than they say they can afford to psy. If the pave- ment of the streets were at the discretion of the Common Council, and to be paid for out of the general fund, the outlying wards, <whers pavements nre not needed, would, probably, be the first to receive pavements, and tax-payers in the business districts would be bled ontrageously for improvements that are mot meeded. But all this is out of the question, since there is no anthority for the procedure, and ought not to be. There are others who wonder why the Common Council does not order the paving of cortain streets and make o special assess- ment on the property to pay for it. Here is asample of a prevalent notion: To the Editar of The Chicata Tribune : ‘Cit1caao, Sept, 2—Permit me to call attention to tho bad condition of Michigan svenue, and in the future I will spare you 0 far os | am concerned. The question has been Tepeatedly asked, Why dou’t our City Fathers pave Michigen avenua 7 But zo one has been able to give s satisfactory reply; or throw aoy Iight upon tne subject whatsver, The curbstons was Jaid from Bandolph to Twelfth street some two yesrs 2go, and then thero was somo prospect that the work commenced would be epeedily pushed to completion : but now it seeron a3 if there were no Intention on the purt of our City Fathers to pave the street at all, Sinc the Chicago City Railway commenced running their cars on Wabash avenuo the travel on Michigan svenus Des been greatly sugmented, notwithstauding the sirest isin o terribly bad condition, and, aftar 3 slight shower, is utterly unfit to drive upon. It being the onty thoroughfare by which vebicles can resdily gain access to the southern part of the city, we see po rea- son why the required improvements should mot b made without delay. Why do mot the City Fathers Take an assessment, and complete tho wark this year? 1 am sure it would mest with general spproval by all the residents from Randolph to Twelfth atreet, a5 the improvement would great'y advance tha price of, real estate, and add much to the beauty of the svenue. This work has been neglected so loog that, it seems 28 if immediate action should bo tsken, and tho work completed at tho earliest possiblo moment, elso we may be obliged to wuit one, two, or thres years, and still find our strect in the same deplorable condition. Faaxx E. Hawxs, 310 Michigan avenue, The writer of the above suggestion is evi- dently ignorant of the long and tedious pro- cess incident to such a course. Under the present law (the charter of 18’2), a specisl assessment requires that the Council appoint threa of its members as 8 Commission to ex- amine into and report upon the cost of the improvement. This having been done, the Council orders a petition to be filed in Court for procecdings to sssess this cost on the property-owners. The Coart is then required to appoint three Commissioners to ascertain the comparative value of the improvement to the contiguous property, and assess it accord- ingly. This having been done, an assess- mentrell is made out and returned to Court. Then notice is served by mail npon sll the persons on whom an assessment is mnde. After the lapse of the prescribed time, the matter comes up in Court, and judgment is rendered by default where there are no ap- pearances. When there are objections, there must be a formal trial before a jury, 2s in all the other cases at law, and the jury assesses the amount to be paid in each case. Of course there is an appeal from such judgment to the Supreme Court, where the matter is buried for years. This is the long and cam- ‘bersome process, which requires about two to four years from the first movement to secure & final paving of the street. It will be readily inferred from this de- seription of the length of legal red tape re- quired for paving streets by special assess- ment that it is utterly impracticable in a large city like this, and particalarly when so many of the streets should be paved imme- diately. The only way for the people of Michigan avenue to do is to proceed by com- mon sgreement to pave their street. They can make a better contract than will be made by the city. They will get a better pave- ment. And, finally, they will get their pave- ment immediately, and just 8s soon as they pay forit. If they wait for s special assess- ment, it will be two years after a portion of the property-owners have paid before the work will be done, and the men who pay will be at, the mercy of the tax-fighters. THE GENESIS OF COIN. The opponents of gold as the basis of cur- rency foolishly assume that mere coincidence of views and force of custom is the only rea- son why specie money as a standard of val- ues passes from band to hand. Nothing could be more absurd. The substance that is to serve as money must have value outside and independent of its use as money. It must be, not simply a representative, of val- we, but value in itself. For its function, as money, is to exchange for other commodi- ties,—that is, for other values. How can that which has not velue exchange for that which has ? Every one admits that money of some sort is an absolute necessity. The use of money supersedes barter in even a low state of civ- ilization, and much more fully so in propor- tion as civilization advances. When the world began to seek astandard sort of money, it found that it needed a substance which was (1) wealth in itself, in order that any one who had a valuable thing to sell might be willing to take this in exchange for it; (2) possessed of large value in small space, in order that it might be conveniently carried or secreted; (3) infinitely divisible, in order that it might ‘be used equally well in large and small trans- actions; (4) as nearly indestructibls as possi- bls, in order that it might not consume, waste, or rust away by exposure to fire, water, or gir, andso fail tobe of permanent value; and (5) unvarying in value, in order that it might serve n8 & real measure of all other values. ‘The world, continuing its search, found that just one substance combined all these guali- ties, to say nothing of minor advantages, in the highest degree. That one was the precions metal GOLD. It is valuable in it self outeide of all use as money. The remotest history gleams with it. From earliest times, long before it was used ag money, down to the present day, it has been largely sought for other than monetary purposes. It shone inthe temples of Egypt. It reflected the sunlight from the walls of Soromon's Tem- ple. It shimmered from other domes before that of the Hotel des Invalides wos gilded.” It glittered on Brismazzar’s table when the finger of the Lord wrote a wam. ing on the wall It doubtless formed the coronet that wreathed Hxvex's flowing hair, and, shaped into s necklace, rose and fell with the voluptuous heart-beatsa of Orgora- 234, Tho ascred seven-lranched oandlestiok that TrTus bore in tgjumph from sacked Je- rasalem, and which, lost in the fight of the Ponte Molle, now rests in Tibers yellow mud, was formed of beaten gold. The Isra- clites, soon after escaping from bondage in Egypt, nearly 4,000 years 8g0, fell .dnwn and worshiped a golden calf. China "‘hm}, ul Hindostan use o silver for money, their teeming millions—balf the human raco—thirst for gold for other uses. For personal adornment, for royal luxury, for decking the tables of Kings and nobles, for jewels and female _ornaments, for gilding Watches, gold pens, for decorating altars, and temples, and palaces,—for a thousand and one uses ontside the monetary one,—gold hay great value, Thus it amply folfills the first requisite. 1t contains large value in small space. It +will buy many, many times its own weight or bulk in any common commodity. Tt has this value because a little of it represents a great deal of labor,—the ultimate source of all value, Ben dig and de}ve for days for a thimbleful of it, and count themselves for- tunate if a year's exhausting work gives them a few ounces of this yellow, glittering wealth. If it cost es little labor to make a gold dollar s it does to make a paper (so-called) *dol- lar,” gold would lose this precious quality, and some other substance would take its place as the world’s money. Gold is infinitely divisible. It can be reduced to dust or fo thin leaves. Nature often so reduces it. And it loges no value by the division. Quarter the diamond that sparkles in a lady's ear, and the four fourths .are ot worth one-tenth a5 much as the un- divided whole. Quarter the diamond's gold- en setting, and each of the fourparts is worth one-fourth of the whole. Gold is practically indestructible. The signet-ring of onoof the first Pharoahs gleams in 2 New York museum. The tooth of Time cannot gnaw this precious metal. Fire melts, but does not destroy it. Water does not rust jt. Neither moth nor rust corrupts it, but thieves sometimes break through and steal it. Strange that they should run the necessary risk, if ,*“money” can bs made by simply printing “one dollar” on any number of pieces of green paper. Finally, gold is unvarying in value. The average amount of Iabor required to extract &n ounce of it from the bowels of the earth does mot change, and so the value of the ounce remgins substantially the ssme. The merchant does mnot wish to measure his cloth with a yard- stick that notes 36 inches to-day, 23 to-morrow, and 30 the day after. He must have s stick that always notes 36. And 50 the world wishes to measure values with an unvarying rale, and to exchange aoll kinds of wealth for this kind of wealth. Disuse gold s money, and its value in the eyes of the world would be almost as great as now. Its value wonld still exceed that of any other metal or substance. Its possession would still be deemed exceedingly desirable. 1t would continue to be wealth, and men and women would covet it withall the present in- tensityef feeling. For rensons such as these, the world, search- ing for money material, stopped when it came upon gold and shoated *“ Eureka I” THE SUPERINIENDENT OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The Mayor has uttered threats of removal sagainst Mr. Pickagp, the Superintendent of our City Schools. That this should arouse a +wide-spread indignation will not surprise those who know the pride which the citizens of Chicago take in its Public Schools, and the share which Mr. Prckago hes had in advane- ing them to their present postion. The threat may be impotent ; it may fail of pres- ent result ; it may seem to do little but re- veal the character of him who was weak enough to utter it. Yat, like all straws, it hns its significance, in showing which way the wind is beginning to blow in certain quarters. It is of ill omen. It forebodes an attempt to subject the Pablic Schools to partisan influepces. It brings a possible danger to the lower depart- ments of the system of public instruction which has hitherto menaced injuriously the highest departments, We refer to the politi- cal manipulation of the State Universities in neighboring States, by reason of which the Presidency and Professorships of those insti- tutions have been held by the most uncertain tenure,—a fact which has lost them many valuable men, has multiplied enemies, and has chilled the zea! of friends, casting doubt upon the value and stability of the system itsalf, This, of course, aids the assaults up- on public education by the Romish ecclesias- tics,—nssaults which are destined to be more vigorously made, aud morg frequently re- peated, as the forces which these ecclesinstics wield shall be more thoroughly in hand. The dismissal of Mr. Picrarp, should it by eny possibility be accomplished, would be 8 threefold-injustice: to Mr. Picrarp, to the city, and to the profession of teaching. Mr. Picrarp is now in the eleventh year of his valuable services to the city. This fact is itself a certificate of character and capacity; for the Board of Education has conducted.) our city educational affairs with an insistence on a high order of merit in all officers and appointees which haa secared to it no ordi- nary body of men. That fact, moreover, has directed attention to their teachers and Super- intendent from abroad, and led to numerous efforts to secure them for other posts. It would be a poor reward to Mr. Picraro for adhering in past years to his position in Chi- cago, and resisting temptation to go else- where, to make him now the football of partisan dislike. “But he has been in the position long enough,” our Mayor is reported to have said. One would hardly 80 speak of a valued servant in private busi- ness. No wholesale merchant in Chicago would give as a reason for dismissing a capa-~ ble and faitbful confidential clerk or agent, ¢ He has had the place long enough!” That he had served for ten years with industry and sagacity, might be an excellent reason for promoting him to a partnership, and giving him a profitable shere in the business; but not for sending him adrift to seek a new posi- tion. We claim for Mr. P1oEARD RO measure of favoritism. Let him be judged by his work. If he has mnobly sdministered our schoolg, in the true spirit of his office ; if he has brought a ripe experience to besr upon their varied interests; if he has stimulated tenchers and scholars to aim at more perfect results; if he has infused a veritable esprit de corps into the whole servica ; and if our schools will bear companson with those of any other city,— then let him have the opportunity of doing the same good work for another ten years. 1t is but simple justice to s faithful public servant. But the proposition of a change is unjust also to the interests of the city. These are promoted by steady management, under ex- perienced omicers. Changes in administra- tion, made for extraneous reasons, are al- ways prejudiclal. Our best-managed banks, i SUNDAY SEPTEMBER 5, 1875.—81XTEEN PAGES 0 instrance companies, business houses, and roanufactories, are those which have at their head old and well-tried men. .One reason that, during the long contest between the North and the South for two genera- tiond preceding the War, the South nearly alwnys gained the advantage and carried hex point, was that she sent able men to Congress, and kept them there, while the North was constantly changing her representatives. Thus the North opposed raw, inexperienced legislators to men of training and skill. What Chicago needs in her educational enterprises is & +well-considered and continuous policy. There must be a thorough understanding of the wants and of the resources of the city, in this respect, and o knowledge 3f what can and what cannot be accomplished, based on the experience of years. We can afford no rash experiménts, no costly novelties, no rude manipulations, and, above all, no corrupt sub- ordination of the good of the schools to the plans of political schemers. No new man, even if well versed in the school affairs of snother State and city, could come to Chicago and be well fitted for the post of Superintendent, under a residence of several years; during which period he would be simply gaining the advantages of information and universal confidence which %r. P1oRARD now possesses. We ought to take even a wider outlook, Something is due to teaching as a profession, to encourage’competent men to make it a life- work. Onedifficulty with forale teachersis that commonly they resort to teaching as a means of support until the fitting offer of marriage shall come. 'This is natural and unalterable. The difficulty with gentlemen is two-fold : insufficient salaries and insecurity of position. The latter is much the more serious in de- terring well-educated men from devoting life to teaching. This must be met, or teaching will never rise to the dignity and value of a profession, will not attract to it the best talent, and will not retain the richest ex- perience. We must assure cultivatéd men of » permanent position, Which shall give them the comfort of a certain support and a fixed home. 'To dismiss, then, such & man as Mr, Prceanp from such & post as that of Super- intendent of Schools in this metropolis, after ten years of faithful and successful labor, is to strike s fatal blow at the whole profession of teaching. Can we be unwise enough to doit? We think it will exceed the power of Mayor Corvry to persusde the people of Chicago to consent to such a deed. And were it accomplished, foolish would be the man who should leave a position elsewhere to accept the uncertainty of a Chicago Super- intendency. TRUE PROGRESS IN DOUGLAS UNIVERSITY, The University of Chicago has a way of ' coming up smiling after its battles are over and the dead and wounded are got out of the way. Its cowse of instruction has never been much impeded by the guarrels among its Trustees, for which fact all honor is due to the self-sacrificing spirit of its Faculty and the sustained spirit and enthusiasm of its students. ‘The criticism Las never been made upon it, even by itd most persistent critics, that its Faculty is not able, or that its work of instruction, so far as it pretends to go, is mot well covered and faith- fully done. It is well known tlat the country contains no better instructor in Greek than Prof. Boisk, whose text-books have made his name familiar in every college in the land. Dr. MATHEWS enjoys & literary celebrity as an author which is due as largely to his professional familiarity with English literature &s to his graces of style arnd cul- ture. Profs. Waerrer, Fremux, Howe, DrxTER, and Cramk have also ably sustained their respective departments of Chemistry, Latin, Mathematics, and of Zoology, Com- parative Anatomy, and Physiology. The De- partment of Science, recovering from the effort made during the last year to abolish it, bas expanded by the recent action of the Board of Trustees into s college wherein-sev- eral Professorships have been competently filled. Prof. Joux W. Crazk, late organizer and director of the celebrated geological museum at Kensington, England, and well known among British savans as a lecturer upon geology and the kindred sciences, accepts the Chair of Geology aund brings with hima cabinet covering the whole range of geo- logical, mineralogical, paleontological, and archmological science, and complete in its _adaptation to the work of instruction in these departments. Prof. Crapk is a scholar of high attainments, and leaves nothing to be desired in departments of science which have for the past half century exercised a vitaliz- ing and renovating influence over the tone of public thought upon many questions com- nected with the origin and destiny of man. Prof. and Brig.-Gen. HupyuT, one of the most sccomplished educators the West has ever known, returns to the University after an absence of several years, and assumes the very important Chair (under the new regime) of Civil Engineering and Physics. During his former connection with the University Gen. Hupyur won in large measure the in- terest and regard of the students by his clear and practieal mode of instruction- ‘While the railroad mania Was sweeping over the country the University found it impos- sible to outbid the railrond corpora- tions, and Gen. HupNur was almost forced away from his Professorship—an employment most congenial to him—into the practical superintendence of the construction of sev- eral Jowa railronds. Gen. Huoyur is 2 graduate of Dortmouth College and of its Chandler Scientific School, and had & large experience in the army during the War in pro- jecting fortifications, and other’ departments. of war-engineering, which has beed supple- mented by an active career as a civil engineer, especially in railrond-building. Prof. Dexsrow, of the College of Law, will instruct the senior class in political economy and constitutional and international law. The orations delivered by the members of the last graduating class contained several | pointed demands that in future more atten- tion should be given to this branch of study. Prof. Densrow holds views upon political economy which have nevér been entirely in accordance with those of this journal, with which, however, for 8 mumber of years he was connected. If he shall bring to his lec- tares on political economy as much originali- ty and sbility as he exhibited as a journalist upon this and other newspapers, he will im- bue the minds of the University students with & class of opinions upon tariff and currency questions which we do not regard ps sound. It is believed that, in ad- dition to these enlargements of the Facalty and course of instraction, certain negotiations now pending with other instractors will not be entirely unsuccessful. The changes thus far made place the Scien- tific Department on a8 broad & basia 88 the Shefleld Scientific School could claim at its commencoment, and go far to justify the statement made during the pendency of the recent troubles that the real question under- Iying the mere personal contest was between 8 narrow and bigoted theory of education, which should train nothing but Baptist min- isters, and a broad and catholic view of the mission of the Universityas an arenainwhich young men and women should receive such training as would be beneficial to them in other and practical pursuits as well. Every rue friend of sound and manly education will wish the University Godspeed in its new and noble work. It is now less necessary than it was before for the parents of Chicago tosend MARRIAGE AND POVERTY. Tae TrisonE has received and published a host of communications on the marriage question, but as yet no “workingman"—as that term is commonly used—bas appeared as & writer. It may be that the hand that is nsed to the saw, the hammer, or the spade, has a natural reluctance to wield the pen, but this reluctance deprives the largest class of the community of a good deal of valuable advice. Volumes on volames have been written on the marmage of workingmen, from the day when the Rev. Marrmus called down wupon himself the curses of his co-religionists of the Church of En- gland by publishing his famous tractate against the supposed injunction of the Lord: *Increase and muitiply.” But these volumes are practically inaccessible to the workingman, who is the parly most vitally interested in the question. They are to be found in every grest library, to be sure, but they are-classed under the head of political economy, and are therefore care- fully shunned. The average man has a foolish idea that he cannot compre- hend that science, even. in its simplest applications. We Ikmow that workingmen do marry. Children—whom somebody has called the conpons on the bonds of matrimony —gwarm in the stréetq in which our artisans live. But how do the artisans pay their mar- i ital expenses ? If Aporrmus; the clerk, who writes to Tee ToiBoNe of his mournful lone- liness, cannot afford to marry on $1,200a year, how do DexIs, the laborer, and Jomy, the carpenter, inanage to support BRIDGET and Magy and the young olive-branches on their respective incomes of $450 and $650 8 year? Perhaps part of the explanation is to be found in the not-infrequent fact that Brimncer takes in washing and mending, and Mary does suything that comes handy, from sewing to school-teaching. The com- mercial traveler with whom Cmaries Dics- Exg dined at Brighton gave him the toast: “ 'Ere’s to woman, who divides our gorrows and doubles our joys.” The common im- pression sesms to be that woman divides the’ money in our pockets and doubles our ex- penses. But this cannot be so smong work- ingmen. As a closs, they spend a larger per- centage of their income in amusements— under which comprehensive term we class picnics, beer, whisky, tobacco, chaurch fairs, ete.—than any other class of the community. Their incomes, too, vary greatly. They are sometimes out of work for a considerable time. Very few of them put in 313 days of Inbor every year. Then, too, when they do work, their employers sometimes defraud \them of their dues. If the interior history of the countless smts for mechanics' Liens could be written, it would tell many s story of crying wrong. Under these circumstances, the workingman, even when single, saves little or nothing. How, then, can he marry ? How can he hope for a home of his own, a tender wife, loving children? Here isa conundrum which none of our correspondents have tried to answer. Let us hear from some working- men and women. ] THE PULLBACK WAR. Now that the Herzegovinian revolt beging to dwindle away before the savage assaults of the Turks, another speck of wsr looms up on the horizon, which will attract more gen- eral attention than the Sclavic insurrection. This is & war between the Church and Fash- ion, between the holy ministers and lovely woman, between the Surplice and the Pull- back. Upon several oceasions and in various parts of the country, the parsons have ear- nestly, and evidently Wwith much alarm, exprossed their consternation and indigne- tion atthe the manmer in Which woman persists in pulling her dress back. Some of them argue with the sisters of their flocks in o tender and pathetic kind of way. Oth- ers plainly denounce the Pullback as indeli- cate, and revealing more of outline, shape, and anatomy than any masculine eye but the sculptors shonld behold. Thero are others who laonch the fiercest falminations of pulpit wrath against all who contin- we to pin, tie, ér pull back their dresses. Among the latter is the Cath- olic: curate of St. John Baptiste, in the Province of Quebec, who has boldly taken the ball by the horns and announced that no woman shall partake of the Sacrament in his church who wears her dress low in the neck and who pulls it back. Most of the clergy are rather diffident, and handle the Pullback delicately, but this carate goes at it as Lurees went at the devil, and flings his inkstand with clerical vim and righteous wrath. On the other side, there is great activity in the female camp. So far from being intimidated, they are preparing for & forward movemeit by pulling their dresses still fur- ther back, ‘even ot the risk of walking com- pletely through them in front. The latest bulletin relative to the fall fashions in New York (apd what woman in New York does every woman from Eastport, Me., to San Francisco will do) comes from JENNIE Juxe, who is recoguized as a fashion authority the country over. She furnishes the startling news that skirts are to be tied back tighter than ever. The mysterious details of the Pullback are given as follows: A plain walking-akirt does Dot pow measure more than 8 yards round at the bottom. The front and e breadthas re gored 50 that they can bs set on the bands perfectly plsin, leaving all the fullness to be ‘massed into 3 inches at the back. The demi-trained skirts are wider. These have gores set in 50 that they form & fan-shape or peacock's tail, which s spresd over a pew and pecaliar tournure, a distension very narrow at the waist and almost at, but which gradual- Iy awells out until it dcquires its greateat depth and width st the battom of the siirt, We do not know what this all means, and the average male reader will probably flounder hopelessly in the melange of tucks, gores, demi-trains, tournures, and peacocks’-tails. Tt is not necessary to know what it means in detsil. 14 is sufficient that lovely woman has got ber back, up and is going to pull back harder than ever, without inquiring too micely bow she is going to do it Jzswu: Juse intimates that they will find grest difficalty in going up stairs, and that they cannot wear them in the street ** with- out the risk of a shocking contretemps.” “We doulst this very much, but, even if it should be w0, the male creature will bear the effects of such catastrophes with equanimity, girce woman Wil be the only suferer. The only interest which the wrersge man now has In the mattar isas a witness of the struggle between the minis. ters and the Pullbacks. If the present Puli- back has exercised the clergy to such gy alarming degree, whst will be the efact of the new retrogression upon them? Ii i doubtful whether they will receive mach sympathy; itis equally doubtful whether they ought to have much. They made thy first hostile movement, struck the first hlow, They might have shut their eyes to it gad gone their way in blissful unconsciousnesy ‘where the tightest part of the female dress iy located. In striking this blow they ran their heads against a well-lmown and inevitghly law of the female being : When 5 womzn will, she will, you may depead on¥; ‘When she won't, she won't, 20 tharen -n,-n: Z:‘z They should have known, therefore, at4hs very onset that she would pull back againgt any mandatory or imperious edict from the pulpit. Pulling back against compulsion iy her forte, whether it be physically, mentally, or morally, and, where she hag n; severer task than the pulling back of her dress, she will' keep at it until she succeeds, if she has to walk clear through the front of it. We, therefore, look for a very lively campaign this fall between Fashion and the Pulpit. The latter hag had many fights of this kind inits day, It has fought femala fashions and male fashions, 1t has fought panniers, hoops, low-necked dresses, short skirts, bare shoulders and backs, in fact, everything but the Pullback. This is & new enemy, and, a8 every bewitching woman, fmn; the scrubber in the kitchen to my lady in her drawing-room, is pulling or pin ning back, the number of the Pul. backs is legion. We fear, therefore, that the clergy will be overwhelmeB by sheer force of numbers. We fear that the shocking contre- temps which JexNTE JUNE predicts may yet take place if the ministers continue to inter fere with the Pullbacks. ‘HOUSE-VENTILATION. The Westminster Review contains s valushle paper upon * Houso-Ventilation,” which it abridged in the Popular Sciencs Monthiy, s ‘we may still further abridge it in Tem Tem. oxE for the benefit of its readers, ince thers is no subject of more practical valus sd perhaps none concerning which there is such lamentable ignorance. A well.ventilated house isone of the chief conditions of the' health of every family, and too much cannol be said, therefore, to #npress its importancs apan the community, more particularly upon the lowest classes, who ars poculistly the victims of diseass. Pars air is as. essential to health a3 pune water or wholesome*food; and impure air just 88 dangerous as impure water or food,~per- haps more 8o, as itfis a more insidious and less easily recognizedl poison. Its effects are glower but just as sure, and end in breaking down health and vitiating the physical con. stitution past all yemedy. And yet, mob. withstanding the caftainty of its results, thers is a very general indifference to pure air, ons cause of which the ~writer of the article attrib- utes to the omnipresenes and continuity of jtsuse. If the sapply were small and it could only be obtained by the outlay of mon- ey, Lhen people might study ita ‘yalue mare closely and apply it with more judgment in the operation of hygienic laws. The application of these general remarks ia found in the fact that nearly ail modem houses, especially fhose for the middle and lower clnsses, are constracted without any kmowledge of or reference to ventilation, snd not only houses buti churches, theatres, opers- houses, and large pablio balla, and this, too, notwithstanding tho fact that the theory of ventilation is a very simple one. “Ventila- tion,” says the writer, “is change of air,” and «perfect ventilation means the realization, in a great measure, of the condition of & out of doors.” TUpon this general basis he layg down two specific’rnles as necess<y to perfect ventilafion. The first is the entire removal of the whole stratum of air tainted in & room by each. respiration, and this re- moval must be effected no less than twenty times per minute. The second rule prescribes that the large volume of fresh air, which is necessary for perfect health, must be tem- pered or warmed. No raw, damp, or frosty air should have ingress to 8 house, a3 sach air is only wholesome When & person is out of doors and wrapped properly. The general condition of the air in a house is very vividly described by this writer: We admit raw alr, and we warm it most at the critl- sl moment whem we send it up thachimney ! We freexs our backs and scorch our faces. Wesit wilk our feet ina current of cold air, snd our hewds &1 kept in an impure atmosphere, vitisted by homsn Iunge, the products of gas-consumption, s0d losded with animal matter, We havo s torrid zone bordered by the hearth-rog, and the Arctio regloos in e nefghborhood of the windows and door, Medical mez sbiver st the abatract idea of violent changes of tem © peratare, but they raise no warning voice aguinst deli- Tate patients being subjected to a variation of 60 ds- grees in & modern drawing-room. . Upon the stereotyped notion that night &ir is unhealthy, he quotes that cxcellent suthori- ty, FroreNce NIGHTINGALE, a3 follows Anotber extranrdinary fallacy ia the dread of weld air. What air can we breathe at night bot night air? “The choice is between purs night air from without sod foul night air from within, Most people prefer tbe latter. A unaccountable choice. Wha they 837 i€ 1t 18 vaulhbfitrnqmtlullymhu of sl the disease we mffer from fs o msioned by people sleoping with theiz wine dows shut? An open window most nishta in the year can neverhurt any one, This {s not to wy that Light is not necessary for recovery. In irest dties night air 1s often the purest and best sir 1o be bad 4 the twenty-four hours, I could bettor undenstasd ia towns shutting the windows duriog the day L2 dur> fng the night for the sake of the xick. The absencs o smoke, the quiet, all tend to making night the bert i ime for airing the patlents, Oue of o2r highest medmal suthorities on consumption and eimMe bt told me that the airin London is never sopure ss ftst 10 o’clock at might. " The practical feature of the article i the recommendation of s plan of ventilatios -which the writer has used with great wnceess. If the basement is dry and eligible, be cot siructs & fresh.oir chamber, boarding it o ander the stajrease hall, and carefully clenas- es, whitewashes, and purifies it, 8t l'he nfl.l! time isolating it from any connection with the usually damp air of a basement Ho gives it ample commanication with ike open air, drawing the supply from “’; tainted sources, and between the chamber a1 the hall arranges commaunication by mesas of an ornamental iron grid.” Immw; der this *grid® in the air-cham under this * gri e G places a large, glow-combustion man stove, and this sets o system of vfll}fl" tion ot work by merely lighting aad adjost- ing the fire. With this simple contrivancd he claims the following results : “A gid with a clear opening of 2 to 2§ feet ‘I““’; through which sir is sent &t the rste dt— feet per second, will change the eatire & an ordinary London hous3 erery good-sized coke or well-c03~ structed German stove will heat this volmn® of air from 65 to 70 deg., sand maintain L4 temperature throughout such house of 50 b. 55 deg.” i P As one of the most important conditions {he health of the community, this mb}octl?:j serves universal attention. Thers IR0 ™