Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, August 23, 1875, Page 4

THRE CHITACGO TRIBUNE: MONDAY, AUGUST 2, 1870. TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. RATEA OF STEACRITTION (FATADLT. IN ADYANCE), Postamc I'repald at thin Ofitce, Si.00 Fartaof & year st th WWANTRD—One active agent in each town and village, Bpecial arrangements made with such, 8pecimen coplen sent freo, To yresent delsy and wiainkes, bo sure and give Tost-Onice adtiresa In full, Incinding Stateand Con llemittances may be mado eitber by draft, expr Toel-Ofico order, ar n registered letters, st our risk, TERMA TO CITY aURsCRIDERS, Dally, deliverod, Bunday excopted, 223 ceutn per week, Daily, dellvored, Bunday juchided, 0 cents per week, Address THE TRIBUNL COMPANY, Qorner Madiron auil Daarbora-ata., Chicago, Til, —— TODAY'S AMUSEMENTS. MoVICRER'S TIHEATRE—Madiron rlrcet, betsween Dearborn aul Stalo. Engagemcut of Ldswis Adans, # Claneusty.” ADELDIT TIHEATHE: rborn Monroe, * The Daya uf "6, sireet, corner CIICAGO THEATRE—Clark street, between Ran- dolph and Lake, *Old Meadn and Youug Hearts,” TNOOLEY'S THEATHIE—Randolph street, hetween Clark and LaSalle, gement of John Dillon, *The Lancashire Lass,” ACADEMY OF MUSIC—Ilalsted street, between Madison and Monroe. ~ Drennn & Wave Combinatlon, ———— BUSINESS NOTICES. JT MAY BERM RIDICULOUS TO 0FFER coy. nntial eounsel to the fadiss through the public press, L mhes we cacommand thow 10 s+ Taieliy Bk ry ath * &t tho Lflot, 0 10 80 Knowing that i1 bor aamica a thoc will Gornr ho suspsotad nf. hasing ool o their complozians will b sn” ox sl e 1 w8 besu iiul, thy H t wurkd will bollova 1835—Whitea In New Otleans, erately netive, and 13@2¢ ligher, closing dull at §1.03 for September, unchanged. chielly nt £7.50@7.80. changed. dollars in goll wonld buy $118.25 in green. Lncks at the close, Hogy were dull and of bacen grades wera 5 and heavy weights at were active and wun- Onc hundred Sal Cattle Sheep were dull, [ — 1t is qnite frequently asverted that in the South the blacks wero quitting the country aud crowding into the cities, thero (o livo fn poverty and idleness. But tho censms of Now Orleans does not census of 1870 tho following resull 1870 Whitos [n New Otleans show it. Comparing tho h that of 1875 we lave Coared in New Orleans. 45.721 Colored fn New Orloans 53,007 ‘Whilo thero has been an increnso in the col- ored population in the whole State of 85,814, the increaso of the bincks in the City of Now Orleans has ouly been 7,201, whilo the twhite incrense hins been nearly the same. Tho total population of tho city is now 203,368, againet 191 llml tho numberof inhabitants hind decrensed. "Fhere is considernble commerce and vitality in that port still, and when Capt. Eaps re- moves tho bar on the Middle Pass 80 ns to let Inrge ien vessels como up to the wharves, New Orlenus will go aliend as sho did in fortaer times, 418 in 1870, The general impression was — Tho thrilling particulars of » New York merchatt's fenrful cucounter with s burglar Zhe Chitagy Tribnme, Mondny Morning, August 23, 1875. At the New York Exchango on Saturday the price of greenbneks opencd at 884, ad- vanced to 837, and closed at 841, —— A letter from tho Hon, Hvan McCurracn, ex-Secretary of tho 'Ireasury, to the Now York Z'riune, is published elsowhere, subject ia the Currency, and it will not be re- garded as good reading Ly inflalionists, —— are given in our dispatches, The struggle Darely eseaped o result exactly parallel with the NaTuay murder, the difference being that in this caso the wounded mnn has lived long cnough to narrate the circumstances, though ho will probably die of his injuries. If the burglar, less fearful of detection, could havo spared the time to finish Lis mur. derous work, there wonld have been auother awful mystery, and one even moro diflicult of solution than that which has baflled investi gation for over five yenrs, The tragic affiir of yesterday was the outcome of n wellplanned, desperate, daring deed on the part of the burglar, aud of downright foolhardiness in the at- tempt of tho merchant to capturo the ma- rauder all by himself and without n pistol, when a fow minutes would havo sufliced to The Montencgring who have taken the field in aid of tho Herzegovina insurrectionisty Lnve contributed something moro immo- diately valuablo than sympathy and good wislies, They havo eaptured several Turk- ish forts near the border of Montenegro. the Lntest and most velisble figures from the North Carolinn clection show that the Repub- Yieans earried the State Ly a majority of over 15,000 on the popular vote, giving a Republi- enn gain of about 80,000 over the vote of last yoar. In the Constitutional Convention the numbers stand: Democrats, 895 Repub. licans, 53; Independents, 1, of whom two will vote with the Republicans, and, with the aid of others whoso contests for seals will probably bo successful as ngninst their Demo- cratic opponents, it is regarded ag certain that tho Republicans will have n clear major- ity in the Convention. Among tho religious matters appearing in our issuo of to-day, a serwon by Prof, Swve on the life and charaoter of tho late President FixNey, to whom he gives the Htine, terse titlo of Tho Man of Oberlin, will bo read with un. usual interest. ‘lhero will nlso be found ser. wons by the Rev. Davip Munoocs, D, D, Congregationnl), of Now Haven, Conn., on “The Wisdom of God's Apparent Wasto;" by tho Rev. N. I Axrere (Methodist), on *Woman as n Christinnizer;” lesides ne. counts of tho ordination of the Ier, J, D. Bonn at the Immanuel Baptist Church, with asermon by the Rev, A, J, Frost; the conso cration of n Jewish Bynagogue in the North Division ; and tho dedication of tho Third Presbyterian Church of Bloo ington, I, It moy bo questioned whother Assistant. Becrotary Cowey, of the Interior Doparment, WAS wise in attempting to cough down Sawven Wargen by what Mr. Wersn calls libelous attacks upon that gentleman, Warx. R refusos to stay squelched, but is out in auothor letter, citing additional proof of the authenticity of Cowen's slauders, and bring- lug forward new items in support of tho charge of collusion between tho Tuterior Department and the Indian Ring. Ho states that in tho item of beef alone, at the Sioux Agencies, the sum of 2,000,000 has been stolen; whilo in the way of * flour made out of benns, corn, and sand,” inferior sugar, coffes, and tobaceco, the awarding of private contracts at enormous rates, and public contracts in violation of Iaw, the frauds have buen opon and unblush. ing. In support of this statement, if it is called in question, Mr, WarLuey announces his roadinoss to furnish nnmes and dates, Bomething besides pamphlets will bo noces- sary this time, Following up tho sul hjeet of imprisoninent for debt and tho provalent Practics among Justices of tho Penco of issuing Llank gumy. mons, Tz TrivoNe finds that nmoug the ninoteen Justices in Cook Couuty five or six have Leon guilty of gross violution of law, In somo instances the blanks have been issned by elorks in the abseuce of Justices, aud doled out indiscrimiuntely to everybody who wanted to bring suit against anybody else. The mischief in cither caso of fur- nishing such papors in Llank to un. principled or irresponsiblo applicants consists in the facility with which judgments are ob- tainod and executions levied upon the prop- erty of defendants upon whom are served summons filled out irregularly and illegally, It is a nefarious system, and the Justices guilty of giving, or allowing to bo given, such unlawful pupoers are liable to prosccu. tion for misfensanco in offico; but if such prosecution should not pe instituted, the facts alleged, when enlstantinted by proper Investigation, would bLe ample causo for the removal of the offending parties, The the ‘Tho Chicago produce marketa were rather tane on Baturday, except in corn and oats. Mess pork was in modersto demand, but closed &c por brl lower, closing at §20.75 for Beptember, and $20.70 for October, Lard wad in betfer request and 5@T7}0 per 100 1bs higher, closing st 218.174@13.20. for Sep. tember, and S18.324@18.95 for Qcto. ber. Ments wero quict and fo lower, st 8jo for shoulders, 11jo for short ribs, aud 120 for short clears, Highwines werg quiet and steady, at $1.194 per gallon, Luke freights were dull, and quoted at 2c for corn to Bufialo. Flour wayg quiet and easier, ‘Whoat was less active, and do lower, clos- ing at $1.16} cash and $1.16¢ for Beptem- ber. Corn wag wmoaderatoly active, and {0 Ligher, closing at 6630 cash aud 67j0 for Beptember. Oats were in good demand, and $#@1c ligher, closing at 39 cash and 85}0 for Beptember, Rye was quiet and easier at 11@780 for Beptember, Barley was_ moder. the all enll the polico to his assistance. President Republioan party may Lo trusted to eary out Of course burglar eseaped. Burglars who murder in New York have an uncommon faculty in that direction, —— THE REPUBLICAN WATCAWORD, The letter from President Guast to the Seg- retary of the ‘Freasury which was recently published should not bo permitted to pass out of the public mind without thought. It is valuable not only s a complete answer to those who lave charged that the President hns grown lukownrm in the reforms so vigor- ously inaugurated by the new members of the Cabinet, but also ns sign-post pointing out the way which tho Republican party must follow in order to regnin lost ground and retain its power for usefuluess in the adwinistration of national affirs, cnlled out by n letter to the President inclos. ing various nllegations that Gen. Graxt and Sceretary Baistow are not in azeord in the prosecution of those who Lave boen defraud. ing tho revenue. The President’s roply was tho return of the letter to tha Trensury De- partment with the following indorsement ; Referred to the Hecretary wwan Intenlod as & private luttor for my tuformation, aud contaius many extracta from &t. deemod necesnary to forward. Thoy ate obtufnable, aud Lavono doubt becn all road by the Federal o, clala fu 5t, Lona, totlie cud that I 1t throws any light upon new pasties to snmmon o9 witnessos thoy may bo brought ont, Let no guilty man escope 1t speclally vigliant, or instruct thoss engaged in the DFosccution of fraud to that they hiave bigh influence to protect them, No poreanial conxlderation atiould stand in the way of por. forming public duty, (Sigaed) The fact that this letter did wny into the publio prints until & month After it was written is suficient ovidence that it was not intended in the way of mere gen- eralization for publie effect, but that it was communicated to the Secrotary of tho Trons- ury in order to convince him that ho bad the President's hearty had started, and to nud encourngement work. demonstrated that the lettor was this spirit. of * crooked " various cities; the displacomont of officials whoso carelessnessor dishonosty has rendered tho frauds possible; tho now checks that have been inventod to insure the colloction of tho tax; fully collected in nbout 200 Government suits, whicl will bo brought to trinlenrly in the fall term of court,—all provo that thero has been no faltering in the original purposa with which Mr, Brisrow set out, and thot he Lins bnd the cordial co-operation of tho Presi- dent and the auxiliary dopartments of the Government servico, That the tax is honestly collected at the present time is attested by the fact that tho prico of spirits is now 15 conts moro per gallon than at the timo tho raids wero bogun against the distillers and rectifiers in May, notwithstanding the larga stock on hinnd consequent upon tho unusual exertiona to manufacture the largest amount possible Deforo tha increased tax went futo effect, It was of tho Treasury, This Lonla papera not 1 forward thin for information, and it can bo avolded, Do bo, against all who inaslnuate U. 8. Grawr, not find ity approval in tho policy he give him moral strongth in tho prosecution of the The subsequent proceedings hero accepted in [of great quantities whisky from time to time in Tho soizures tho fnct that tho evidenco hns been caro- proscoution of tho suits is the ouly thing that remnins to be dono, and we have 1o doubt that Attorney-General Prenneroyt will Lo ng exacting in the vigilance of the District-Attornoys as Scerotary Brwrow has Leen ju his partof the work. Gea, Groanr, earcer, hay given tho country sevoral watch- wards that hayo led to martial and political victories, Wo beligve that his late lettor contains still another, sideration shonld wiand formiing publie duty, " the popular sentiment of to-day ralative to publio affairs, during his military and civio “No persoual con. in the way of por- ttrikes the key-nota of Honesty in publie places is universal domand, 1t i g basis upon which the Republican Porty wnust make jta nest national eampaign it jt hopes for gno- cess. Beginning with honest money and honest payment of publie debt, thero must be practical pledges of honest adminis. tration of national, State, fairs wherever tho Republican party is in the uscendant, Tho exposuro of tho Vucific Majl frauda and the repeal of that subsidy by tho last Republican Congreas; tho refusal of tho Republican Congress to subsidize Hcorr and Jax weeding-out of the Jjectionsblo uud the subordinate officlils; the notablo im. Drovement of the Secret-Service Bureau in the detection of frauds ; the systematio and suo- censful raids aguiust tho whisky thieves; the havoc wade among the straw-bid mail-con- tractors ; the evident and municipal af. Tox Cooxe; the gradual ineflolent snd ob. members of the Cabiuet purpose of reforming abuaps,—theso are the warrants which Quaxt gives the country that tho the new motto which he has proclaimed, viz.: *‘No personal consideration should stand in the way of performing publie duty.” If this watchwond be wirictly followed to the end of the presont Admininteation, it will do more to Assure the success of the Republicans in tho noxt Prosidential campaign than all tho com- binations that politicians can possibly con- coct. We trust and beliovo that such is tho purpors of the President and the mon who now command hig confidence, TAXING CAPITAL STOCK, We print this morning n letter from Mr, Wirsey, o momber of the State Board of Lqualization, now in session at Springfield. With all due respect to "Mr. Wrtrsry's offi. cial knowledgo, he is mistakon, Weo know perfectly well that in tho cnse of individunly the debts aro deducted from credits only, We also know that when o company bLns n enpital stock of, aay, £100,000, and has ont- standing a debt of £50,000, that the nctunl valto of that stock ought to be nssessed nt only 50 per cent of its faco valuo, But that hns niot beei the practico of tho Stato Board, It has added the debt to the enpital stock, and then deducted the valuo of the tangible prop. erty, the balance being the assessed valuo of the stock and franchiso. T'he action is illus. trated by tho nssessmonts of the State Hoard in 1874 respecting the Chiengo, Butlington & Quiucy Railroad, which wero as follows: Capltal stock In Iilinola.,.,,, $16,020,600 Iudebteducss, ..., 16,7000 9 Value of capital stock and debt. Sixty por cont thereof, Valua of taugiblo property Vatue of capital st~k and debt to be B3Ot en st iee e e 813,123,063 Tho State Bonrd hns not considered here- tofore that tho value of tho capital stock is proportionately reduced by the debt owed by the corporation ; it required an ndmonition from the Supremo Court that such an nssess- ment of debt and capital stock as that wo huvo guoted * was not tho honest judgment of the State Bonrd " to inform that body of the fact that the value of the enpital stock of o company is materially reduced in tho pro- portion of its debts, Mr. Wrrryery, if ho will overhaul the past proceediugs of his Board, will discover how 8 company with $100,000 capital invested may havo its capital stock nssessed to twice or three times that sury. And in tho eases of **Joxes & Co.” and the * Syrrm Manufne. turing Company,” whero both concerns, with an equnl cash capital of $100,000 invested, aud ench making n profit of #50,000 a year, ench, by ekill, good character, roputation for stability, enjoying tho confidence of the pub- lic,~how would the State Board ns- soss them? Jovzss & Co. would be assessed simply on tha valuo of their tangible property, whilo the SaTn Manufacturing Compnny wonld havo its cap- ital stock assessed at $300,000 to $100,000, or perhaps 500,000, thongh the eapital in- vested and all the tangible property of the corporation would be precisely of the samo value as that of the private finn, Here ig where there is n marked difference. Tho Stato Board nssumes to valuo property ac- cording to the incomo of the owners, It swells the valuo of capital stock according to the supposed incomo, and not according to tho *‘value of his, her, or its property.” Tho State g no power to tax incomes, and when tho State Board attempts to place n fletitious value on ecapital stock boyond the valuo of tho proporty represented by that stock, it ©exposes itself to an applieation of tho romark of tho Suprome Court in the caso of the Chi. cngo, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Com. pany, that such an assessment cannot bo ac- copted as the Lonest judgmont of the State Board. ROGLIO. Tho extreme papers, both North and Sonth, ara making themselves very ridienlous over the recont invitation to Jerrensoy Davis to addross the Winuebngo County Agricultural Sacioty, and are magnifying a mole-hill into o mountain. The New York Herald snys : It Jereenson Davis is an unwelcome guoat at n Northern sgricultural falr, thon no other Sontherner who fought in the War can be welcomed, e do not 80 where tho membera of the Grand Army’ of the Re. qublic draw the line Letwoan JereEnsoN Davis and Gen, Loxosturt, unlest in this, that Mr. Davis pre- ferred to cherish the convictions with which he entered the Rebellion, whilo Gen. Loxostrrr, with more wisdom and courage, Las acceptod the doetrines of tho Repulican party, Mir. Davis was no moro responuiblo for tho Rebellion 1n she South than mny one of the thousand other won, Yo naver hoar of thls Grand Army of dho Ropubllo, except when it makea tha mischic? that i taking place fn flinofs, e business of its leaders seems to ba to fan the expiring flame of civil war und ditigently scok offices, An act ke thia n Tlifuols, thia rejection of the kinduess and courtesy of Mr, Davis, will do more toward exasporating “the South and futenaifying the bittorness of feeling which 1t has long been tha aim of matefotlo men, withiout distinction of rection or party, fo extinguish, than anything tnat ba occurred for o long time. There 1n 1ot & true Bouthern man who took past {n the Confederacy who will not feel that hn canvot bo welcoma fu auy community which renounces the Treaidont of his Confodaracy as an * arch-trajtor and coward.” The Lonisvilla CourierTournal, edited by 8 very fairly-reconstructed *‘Itebal,” who hitherto hns been assumed to bo a sonsible man, is hesido itsclf. Tt says : Tho Confederato soldier reanone, ani resons truly, that bis future s linked indissolubly with the Govern. meut of tho Unitod Btates, Ho fools that this s his country, and that he bas no othier, Mo resants tho of forts of tho Dadleal party to make him an allen du bis ownland. e jays its tazes, oboya ita laws, and is ready to 8ght for it. What moro can hodo? What moro should bo roquired of him? But notbing will satlafy the Northiern Bourboa, e, led by Mr, Mon. ToN, will bo content with nothing less than th per petuity of the war-snirit, grinding every Bonthorn in. tereat to pawdor. and crushiug every Houthorn man beneath Uis troad, Thin temyer shows itsels on every occaslon, Laxan goes to Now England, and {a treated Hkon dog (1), Jevy Davis (s tnvited to Tilinols, nud da warnod off i advance, Even the hoapltality of Tos. ton {a desecrated Ly the General of the azmy, who can. nat, aven on such an occasion, repress his bellicose disporition, 3r, Moutox ia as veugofuly wild as a Quartermaster's clerk, Aud so they go, theso extremists, in' the most vitriolie manner, howliug both 1 the North and South, kindling hlua fire, waving Lluck bannera, and screnming nt ench other a8 if the War wers still in progress. Such arguments ns these, based upon extremo views, aro not reasonsble, Thoy are not worthy of sensiblo peoplo. They amount simply to the bandylng of epithets and the calling of hard names, which have nover yet broved anything. The indignation of North. ern papers bocause Mr. Davis was invited iy not reasonable, bucause it 1s Desed upon a migconception of the facts, The fury of the Bouthern papors becawse the invitation wad canccled fa still less reasonablo, Lot us take a caso fn illustration, By Butten s held fn much tho same estimation in the South that Jzey Davis ig in the North, There ara numerous agri. cultural socleties in the South who have been iuviting orators to delivor addresses befors them. We bave Yot to learn that any of them havo cxtended an invitation to Bur- 1zn {o go South and speak. There ig faint proapect that he' will ever receive au invite. tion, and yet BuTLes was a subordlnate offlcer of the army, Hig military authority was alwaya confined within narrow lunits, Bup. pose that he lnd had an influence s wide- jaerend a3 that of Jiee Davis. Suppose that he had rulod the whole Houth in the tame monner that he had ruled New Or- lenvs, How nimch Iess the chaneos wonld be that ho conld by Southern invitation ever go into tho Sonth to speak on any tople, Notwilhstanding this, no one but n very stit- pid aud narrow-minded person wonld aver concludo that the South Lintos the North bo. cattso BuTeen haa not boen invited to go there and orato. 1s it auy less absurd to infer, na theso rabid ultra papera do, that the North hates tho Sonth becauso Jerr Davis' engago- ment hns been eanceled? Other Northern men who took part in the War and ‘were active in suppressing tho Robellion hnve been South and made nddressos, and promi- nent Southern men who fought in tho Rebellion have Dbeen North nnd mado nddresses, and received respect- ful treatment. It is quito certain that it Mr. Steenexs, the ex-Viee-President of tho Into Confederacy, or any of the promi- nent Generals in the War on that side, had been invited to Winnebago Connty, no objec. tion whould have been offered. Tho mera fact, therefore, that Mr. Jerrensoxn Davis ia obnoxious does not arguo that thero Is bitter. ness of feeling on tho part of the Northorn people or of the farmers of Winnebago Conn. Ly townrds the peoplo of the South, any more than the fact that the South will not invite Bex Burien shows that it has feclings of resentment townands tho North. Tho Agricul. tural Society of Winnehago County is com- posed of somo thousands of farm. ers who are intelligent men, and who are patriotic men, mnot * red-mouth. ed clodhoppers,” a3 the Chicago ZVimes Insultingly stigmatices them. They had the right to object to nny person if they were so disposod. They had tho special right to ob. ject to Mr. Jeerrnsoy Davis becauso they did not invito him. The invitation wns es. tended to him by tho Secretary withont any consultation with or authority from them, It was therefore unanthorized, and the farmors had the right to reject it, and to demand the canceling of tho engagement of a man in every wny most distasteful to them. 'This is all there in to the Jerr Davis matter, over which somo Northern and Southern extren. ists are making suck a ridicnlons ndo, ———— ARE NDACKS DOLLARS P Justico BrapLEY, of the Supremo Court of tho United States, was one of the two Jus. ticos of {that Court whoso nppointment changed the numerical ajority, and led to the roversal of a previous decision on tho legal-tonder question ; tho new majority then aflirmed the constitutionality of tho legal- tender elauscs of tha acts of Congress of 1862 and 1863. Wo havo given tho ressons gov- erning the several Judges who made that decision,~—that the country being engnged in war, and baving cxhausted its credit, and possessing tho power to borrow money, sup- port armies and navies, and carry on ‘war, wag nuthorized to do any not necessary under the groat emergoncy to the exceutionof theso powers ; and a3 money could not otherwise "bo obtained to proserve the periled Govern- mont and Constitution itsclf, the act was jus. tifinble constitutionally. Justico Braprey, in delivering his opinion on this question, wos perhaps tho most liberal of all {he Judges in defining the powers of tho Govern- mont in such an extraordinary emergency ns existed at the time of the Legal-Tender acta, In reforring to tho authority or prorogativo of every Government to anticipate its rovenues by the issue of exchequer bills, bills of credit, bonds, stock, or banking npparatus, ho took occasion to define tho nature and charactor of theso evidences of publia indebtedness, and his dofinition is so clear, his language so0 em- plitic, and his conclusions so Just, that wo cannot refrain from quoting it as a matter of information o thoso who aro uncertain whethor greenbacks aro roal dollars, real money, coined paper, or something olso, Judgo BrapLey said : Thia powor [to Iksus bills, bonds, etc.] fa entirely dlstinct from that of coining money and regulatiug the valua thereof, It 18 1ot only emibraced In the pow- or tomake all necessary laws, but 1t s incldental to the power of borrowing money, 1t Is often a neces. sary meana of auticipating and realizing prompily tho national resources, when, perhiars, promptuess is noc— essary to tho national exiatenco, 1t I not an attempt to coln money ont of & valucless matartal like the colusge of luather, or 11ory, or kows rio shells, It in plodge of the national crodit, It is promiss by the Goverument to pay dollars ; it is not Anattempt 40 makedollars, Tho atandard of valuo {5 not chauged. The Government simply domands that it credit uball bo accapted and roceived by public and privato citizens during the pending extgancy, Here, then, we hinve an exposition of the rent character of a greenback, It i not coinod money., Itis not a thing produced undor tho powor to coin money or to regu. Iato tho value of monoy. It is not a dollar, nor i it the remlt of an attempt to make dollars, It is, in the languago of the Judge whoso vate alono provented the judicial declnration that groenbacks woro not o legnl tender at all, ““a promise to pay dollars”; it is “n pledge of the national credit,” issned to the creditors of the Government in the nbsence of money, and to bo redeemed by payment of dollara sosoon as the tompo. rary embarrassinent of tho Governmont shall censo, Mr. Kezer and his school of statesmen insist that tho greenbacks aro dollars; that the Governwent cou maks dollars out of any- thing by simply stamping it with the dollar. merk; and that the greonback, being wtamped s & dollar, is a dollar, snd is of no. cessity the standard of the Unitod States dollar, Judge Braorey, however, declares that the issue of groonbacks—+¢ pledges of tho national credit "—are not dollars, but are meraly promises *to pay dollars,” and that their igsue in no wise changes tho standard valuo of dollars, which remaing unafeoted theroby, No rational man who will give the subjoct tha least consideration can have any ques- tion on this subject. A “dollar” i a term used to designato a certaln intrinsio value, a8 a ‘“yard," or a * foot,” or a * pound," desig. nate certain stanlard monsures. Tho stand. ard dollar is of the value of a cortain desig. nnted welght in gold, Nothing having an in. trivaio value less than thix standard can be equal to a dollar. As Judgo BrapLey snys, dollary cannot bo made out of * valueless wmaterials,” such as leather, ivory, or shells, In making groenbaoks, the Government did not even attompt *tomake dollars,"—it mere- 1y issued them as promises to pay dollara for them 8o soon aa tho Covornment was able to doso. Havingno dollars with which to pay its creditors, it asked tho latter to receive ond ueeept the promises during the peuding exigency of a protracted and costly war, ——— A Btate census of Loulsiana has just been completed, which revesla the faot that tho colored population hos gained largely on the white durlug the past five years. By the Fedoral census of 1870 there wero 862,005 white and 64,210 colored, showing a majori- ty of colored of ouly 2,145, ‘The present cenaus returns 404,81 whites and 460,020 olored,—an exoeay of coloxed over whites of 45,668, The State now numbers 834,840, againkL 726, in 1870, which shows n total inereaso of 127,475, and which is a very re. markablo gain considering the distarbed po- litical and wocial condition of tha peoplo for several past yenrs. The tendency of tho blacks is to drift towards tho Guif States, "Tlio npper Bouthern States will show but Jit- tlo increnso of their colored population, Tt is nsserted that tho aggregato number of blacks in Virginia, Maryland, Kentucky, Tennesses, and Missouri {g less than in 1870, If so, this increnso in Louisinnn will partly account for it. Thero hns been a great migration of Llacks into Texns of lato years. BRITISH POSTAL 1ELEGRAPHY, Tu March, 1870, the telegraph lines of Grent Britain passed into the hauds of the Govein- ment. During the Inst year of private own- ership the number of messages gent wns in raund numbers 6,000,000. It toso to 10,000, 000 tho fist year of Government manage- ment. Tho net profits to tho Trensury wero £300,000, 8ince then, lowever, while the number of messngos has incronsed to the enormaus number of 20,000,000 a yenr, the pecuninry profits have decronsed. During the yenr ending April 1, 1875, the profits wero boroly more than £30,000, The Lon- don T'imes anys: **Tho cstimates for the presont twelvemonth exhibit & positiva deft. cit of £263,000.” Fho opponents of postal telegraphy have greedily seized upon theso facts to deery the ides. It will not do to ho deceived by this clamor. The men who aro busy inspiring it in this country are working to effect tho consolidation of all the lines in the United States into one gigantio mo- nopoly, controlled by Joy Govro and squeez- ing the last possiblo cent out of the people, “Thess speculators clnim that tho English sys- tem is & failuro. On the contrary, it is a magnificent success, The English Government did not buy the lines to make money, but to chenpen feleg- raphy, to largely extend the system, to cou- nect it with places to which private corpora- tions would never carry it, and to imptove the management of the wholo Lusiness, All this Lins been done to nwonderful degree, It hins necessnrily been dono at great expenso, Tho rights and privileges of tho existing companies had to bo bought out at an cx. cessive price. They held a monopoly, and could practically dictato their own terms. The swm poaid was nbout five timos the valua of the *plant,” so that 80 per cent of it was in purchase nnd extinguish- ment of tho monopoly. Tho companies had many contracts with the railroads, These, bad tobo bought up also and capitalized. Costly patent-rights had to be purchased, In theso waya, the prime cost was swollen to nearly 340,000,000, Tho moncy was bor- rowed from tho Postal Savings-Bank Fund at about 3} per cont intorest. This waa only the beginning of tho exponditure. Most of tho lines wera old aud worn out, The wires wero rusty ; the poles rotten; most of the in. struments, tho old traps and truck, the ac- cutmulation of years of experimontation, had to bo thrown away. What was rotained waoy & mero nucleus for the presont systom. Tho threo Kingdoms have beon planted thick with lorgo, strong posts, stayed with iron rods and bnsed, to some oxtent, on stone, Tho chenp No. 12 wiros havo beon replaced with the expensive No. 6, which are of grent trans- mitting power. Half s dozen cables havo been carriod ncross tho Irish Chaunel. As the business inorensod, now wires havo beon strung on the poles. For each six wires in operation five yoars ngo, about twenty aro worliing now. Then, too, new buildings have been put up. Thecontral office in London hins five or six ncres of flooring. Thero are 1,100 employes in it. It cost, with its fit- tings, nearly $4,000,000, Whilo the systom was thug inflnitely bettered, the prica of o mossngo was roduced to ono shilling (25 cents) for all distances, and the measage itself was lengthened to twenty words, The reduc- tion was full 70 per cont on old rates. The charge for each extra word is only one cent, "The rosult of all this has been an enormous incrense in the popular uso of tho toloaraph. The annual number of messages has leapt from gix to twenty million! The change is oxpecially noticonblo in the cnse of the press. Under the high tariff of tho private compn. nies, tho best papers received only a faw piti. ful seraps of nows by tolegraph. Tho (ov-, erument cut down the newspaper rates to n shilling per Lundred words,—a quarter of a cent por word! If o dozen papers roceive the same dispatch, they only have to pny the quarter-cont for oach word betwoen thewm, The press prints, perbaps, fifty times s much telegraphic nows ns it did when private monopoly controlled the wires, If tho postal telegraph should yield no profit at all, if it should entail a largo deflcit, it would still pay enormous dividonds to the British pross and people in tho shape of saving in oxpense of transmission of messages. Itis now the chonpost thing in a land of cheap things, 'Tho United Statos Post-Offico Department, hasan annual defleit of from &6,000,000 to §7,000,000. "'he deficit appears to ba incrons. ing, too, Tho Department has novor paid expenses sinco the adoption of three.cont postage, It never will until the country is settled thickly and tho poople in the illiterato sections are sufliciently educated to become lotter-writers. But doos any ono advocate n return to the old charge of 10 cents for 30 miles, 15 cents for 100 miles, and 25 cents for anything beyond that? Privato companics doing tho postal busineasof the United Stutes would closs half the post-ofices in the coun. try, restore tho old high postagecharges, and then mako large profits. Doos any ono be- liove tho Governmnent ought todo this? The fact is that tho dircct loss in the shape of the ‘annual deficit is overbalanced twonty timos Dby tho indirect gain to the public in Loving choap and uniform postage, ‘I'he mail-department of the English Post- Ofico poys larga profit. Tho telegraph- department does not at present, Both sliould bo considored ns parts of n whole postal eystem. Until the telegraph deficit oats up the mail profit, thero is certainly no loss to the Treasury and therefore no reason to complain. Foruntl then, the Department, 83 o wholo, will ba eelf-supporting. Great Britaln s so small that the wires can bept tho mails by but o fow hours at the farthast polnts and a fow minutes at the ncarer ones. A peuny will therefore often do tho work of & shilling, In the United Btates the case is different. A telegram wmay outstrip a letter by days, Under the circumstances, tho surprising thing 18 thet the English Government Las managed the postal tele- grophs with such succoss. It s proposed lo Lereafter charge for the address, signature, oto., siuce it has boen found that thess, with the fusiructions sent by the clork, swall the average number of words in a shilling mes- 8age to forty-three, only seventeen of which beloug to the massagn proper. This in. creased chargais to be counterbalanced by the adoption of the * word syctem,” under which ons word will cost ouly ome-iweukleth of a shilling, or ono penny, and peoplo will thon mnnke the lengih of the messago to suit their pocketa, The cost to the public wonld thug not bo mnterially increased, whilo the wires would bo relieved from the task of rending verbingo, which stmplo change will apain in- Buro an annunl profit, The thrifty DBriton, liaving to pny for twonty words, ususlly makos it a point to send twenty and a largo nddross, when fivo or ten would bo allsufli. cient with a short nddross, "Tha telograph service of to.day, if paid for at the rates formally charged, would cost the British peopla milliona of pounds mora than it docw, That & tho test of value and of profit or loss. The saving is a dividend. In. stead of losing £208,000 year, the postal telegraph pays, perhops, in saving ex. Pense, £3,000,000 or £4,000,000 to the publie at large; Iustead of being n fail- ure, it is A magnificont success. Nothing could induco tho British peoplo to roturn to the ol and oppressivo monopoly, with its excessive charges for indifforent servico, THE LONDON REVIEWS ON ANDREW JORNSON. Tho English reviews of tho 7th inst. wll con- tain notices of ox-President Jomyso . The Pall-Mall sayn that ho * waa not, in bhia manners or ‘minor morals,’ & favorable specimen of the Hort of statesmen who attain to power under ro- publican institutions ; but Lo was not wanting oither fu public spirit or political capacity, and he efucorely hatod and despised the corruption that had infocted the pablio life of the United Statow.” Tho Spectator minglos gall and honoy in about equal proportions iu ity notioe, Jomux- HON, it says, was ‘“‘an unaducated man of un- unual abilitics,” but bad n Labit of ** always got- ting drunk when drunkeuness is dingracorul as well aa bad.," As President, Lo * bebaved likoa vulgar Cuwsar,” bubt tho failuro of tho im- bonchmont trinl, ncoording to tho Specla- for, wos just, for ho “did not intond to upset the Constitution, but only intoruroted it wronply.” Tho final sentenco of the articlo suggoety a parallol that migte bo drawn out dolail with advautaga: * Ho was not LiNcoLy's oqual, but he was JAcksox's,” Tho Saturday ZHeview appareutly ongagod tho writer of the Slandard’s articles oo Amorica to Pprepare its oditorial. Itu pages of vituporation of tho United Btatea anid sncers at tho doad Prosident show the samo grous ignoiance of simplo facts which signalizes tho Standard's philippics. Tho Saturday's disgust for Jonysoy is excollod only Ly its disgust for his country. Tue writer thrusts bus pon through the ghost of tho man in vicious elabs 8t tho nation which onco stood bohind lim, Tho ox-President had “valgar claimas to popularity.” Tho ele- vation o the mecond place dn tho Republic of s coarso and druaken partisan, who had been a journsyman teilor, wayg rogarded as o tributo to the sacred prioeiple of equality, ., [Yot] oven the admirers of Journevmon-tailors wore slightly sliocked when Alr. Jonysox took the oathi 08 Vico-Presidont in a visible state of Intoxication.” 1le was, says the Saturday, * ig- noraut and reckless,” but possessed of ** muoh natural ability and groat force of charactor."” Llia fmponchiment was * wanton and vexatious," ‘Tho rost of the longthy scieed fa dovoted to coarso abuso and flagrant misroproscatation—in. rpired. wo trust, by nothing worso than Lopelces iguorance—of Amoricau affairs. Tho Reniew, attacking Bonator Suxwen for bis oration 1n ad- vocacy of making ludireot dawages part of the Alabama claims, says: * When it is romemborod that Mr. Sumsen was & echolar mccustomsd to doceut society, the prodileotion of tue American people for illiterato tailors almost becomos oxcusablo.” ‘Then como thiu direct falachood: *Tho Houro of Rovrosentatives [during Jouxson's Prosi- dency] passod an almost unanimous resolution for cueating thoe publio creditor by paying the debt with paper money.” This ks followed up by another of tho sume sort: "It was probably not without satisfaction that Joussox heard how tho Bpeaker of the Houee which impeached him bad accopted a bribo of & fow bundred dollars from o rallway company, aud aftorwarda at- temptad to avoid detection by a long sories of falsehoods.” The last four words describo with conaldorablo sceuracy the original articlo of which thoy form part. Would 1t be asking too much of English Journalista to supgest tuat n **terrifio Bura” on tho United Btates should be wrltton by 8 man who knows tho truth snd 18 ca- pable of tolling it ? In an article roviewing clty * politieal por- ridgo,” tho Chicago Times givas this bit of in- eldo Domocratic naws : On the other slde, the Democratic leaders are fierce, mavigo, nod dotermined, They proppss to couciliat w.th overy elemont that Las influence, and so carry tho clty by au overwhaiming vote, Tuey'even propcas to secure an organ. Ex-Doss Hesmia and Frane il HaiTit havo slready gono to New Yurkto raise tho raquisite meson, The maiter wus quiotly canvassed intuiscity, but ths bitler experience of threa yoars g0 with thio Aetcs fuilod ta aruusn any enthuslaam or stamps, and 80 as s last resort it wan deforndued to call upon Gov, T1LDEN and futerest him and his col. losgues in the necessity for o Democratis organ In this city, Gov, TILDLN was nclected s the victiin o blea, {ur the reason that ho will probably bo the Democratia Prestdential candidate of aud an anco of that charucter, ft was work upon hiv sensibilities as duce hiin to lend & helptug hand and securo tho capi- 1al of New York politicians {u the intereat of au organ of tha Demoacratic party Iu the Weat, At proaont, thioy stund solltary and laite befors the great public, and, 40 daubit, Hgsina and BMITH bave Uy (his time Auc. coeded in ringing In all the changes upon the present newspuporial stutua of tho party Lefors the New Yors moguls, If tho roquisile” capltal—$300,C00—1n e «urod, roport s 14 tuat they luteud to Ly up a con Irolting futerest in & leading paper in this city (moan. Jug the 7¥mes), snd st ouce begin the work of wold. ing publlo opinton, The puper will not Fuly b tis organ of the local party, bub will stand pledged to Goy, TILDEN for the Presideiioy, aud the nationsl ticket Ju 1676. How LLe schienio will succoed Femning to o seen ol the return of ex.Loss IxaiNa, Tho pole. clans, meauwhille, will keep tho ball moving, and ezort themuelves 10 Lucrono tho strength of thotr party, —_— A corrcapondent of the Providenco, (. 1) Journal furnishes wolcome information concern- iug tho progress of work upoa the jptties which Capt. EAos la conatructing at the mouth of the Mvaisslppl. Tho Laat jotty hay alroady beou carrled 1,000 fout from tho whazrt, and it was ex- pocted that arrangements could be made by the mtddle of thle month which would allow a daily Progroes of 400 foet, The West Jetty, locatod about 1,000 foot from the Esat Jetty, bas been begun and ia bolog rapidly pushed foranrd. The Pass opposite the work 8lroady doue has been deepened from 8 to 5 feet, thua realizing the ex- pectations of Capt. Eapa at tho vory statt, The undertaking seems, indeod, to be in good Lands, aodly certalnly belug vigorouely prosecutod. Five hundred men ate employed, anud, as they aro located 100 wlles from mny town, they form a community by themselves, We are glad to loarn that g0 muchh has already been mccomplisbiad, ‘The nocount of the correspondent s tiroum. stantial enough to warrant expootations of com- Dpleto wuccess, aod to mako ths prediction that the mouth of the isaisaippl will bo upenoa g tho Centanalal year appear ressonable enougl, L e Among the cabmen of London, notoriously baid citizens, aro a former President of tho sank of England, sn metnber of Patliament, a late Fellow of Cambridgo University, and a alergy- wan who figured consplouously jn s famous and vasty.divorce suit, Thore i no cab system o thls country, but plenty of materia! of the abave description to form one for every city in the Uulon, —_——— The New York Graphicin & recent fssue had one of Lo beut oartoons over pubushed in New York. ltrepresented the Sun as * Lamld the Dawa “in the chamber scene with Gerirude (pesformed by Wintxraw Rew), in whioh the Dava compared * the counterfeit presentment of two bosses,” Homack Grxxzreyand Jay Gouwy, $o the intenss disgust of Gertruds R, —_——— ' The champlon clorical Jacksss of the cen- tury,” 1a the torm spplied by & London paper o thie reverond magiastrate who sentenced a little gixl to privon for fousteen daye and the reforme story for four years, for tbe unhesid-of alrocity ©of pluskivg some fowers luthe park, A surdy =_-————— rival of tho champion Is found in the porson of another English magiatrato who has #entencag A hoy of § yeara to thoe rofoimatory for figy yours, because hio pat moweo Pobililoa on & rgy). road-teack “fust to hear them Rerannel, Theso Deaconian philosophera ahonld b romoy. ed froma contury thoy do not belang to by Bomg extiuct but frritating form of bodlly tortaro, e it Lady physicians aco doing a thriving buningsy in BaltWakn City. Thera are not men ennugh to go round, aud it provonts tronble. Twenty. five young women aro studying medicine thore, sad it is qulto possible that some huppy hue. band will be sblo to unito all the echools Oxtant 1n one family, 1f tha infl 16t [n Gonosoo, T, who aigng his postal eard * A Conatant lioador,” will oxam. ivuo Tux: Trinuse of Haturday, Aug. 14, ha will find tho wild-cat epecch of Kerier reported In that fusus, Porhapa tho number of claimants of Ty Tosutiful Suow * will Htondily docrease, now that & scientific iconoclaat roportd that enow-flakey 810 very dirty objects, OBITUARY, TROY. JOEL PARKER, Prof, Joxt, Panzen, the ominent New Hamp. *hire jurist, died on thoe 17th Inst Cambridge, Mass. Ho wns born Jan, 25, 1705, at Jaflroy, N. I, aud graduated at Dartmouth College i 1811, Aftor practicing law at Keeue, N. IL, for #ovonteen years, during which time Lo was twices memLer of tho Btate Logrslature, he was ap- Poluted Ausociate Justico of the Bupremo Court of that Stato in 1833, and five yoars Iater ho wag mado Chief Justics, Iio aluo served as Chair. inan of & committes to revino tho taws of New Hampshire, aud trom 1847 to 1857 wan Profeseor of Medical Juisprudenca in Dartmouth Coliega, Hiuco that time ho hus been Rovalo Law Pro- fesgor in Harvard Univoraizy, Ilo was oqually celobratod iu his profesaion, both a3 & juriat and author, and has loft belund him t¥enty volumon whuch huvo become atandard Autlorittes, COMMANDER GEORGE U. NORMS, Commander Grorex U, Nonnts, ono of the most gullaut ofiicers 1 tho navy, died roconuly in Virginin. o was & nativo of Masyachusotts, but was appolutod from Now York in 1846, Itig firsb worvico was in Mexico, and ho sftorwards sorved in tho Moditerranenn squadron, and was promoted to Passad Midshipman In 1852, At ° the opening of the War of the Loboltion Lo way aesignad to the eloop Cumboriand, of the North Atluntic blookading rqandron, and had command of lier on thoday ale was suok in Hampton TRoady by tho Rebel ram Morrimac. e utood at bia post bravely, fiving o broadsido as his vesual wout down, Later, ba was in command of the gunboat Port Rayul, and was wounded at Fort Darhug. Ho was commissionad Lioutsnant. Commandor in 1852, and Comnnandor in 1866, EX-00V. JOUN I, WgrLER, ono of the old nchoo! of politicians, dled recantly in Now Orlesns fv the 70t yoar of his ago. Mg ‘a8 a nativa of Kentueky, and duriog ths Mox- ican War was & Colonat of voluuteors, Hig earlior life was spont {n Oblo, and in 1848 b ran for Governar of taat State on tho Domo. cratio ticket, and was dofosted. At tho closg of tho Moxican War ho was appointod by Preal. dout PoLx one of the Commissionora to fix the Mextcan boundary, but shortly after the advent of Tayron's administration wag dismiesed by Mr. Ewina, Bocrotary of the Toterior, a8 & do- faultor, Col. Freatont being sppointed in his place. Ile disproved the charge, however, and then ran for the Bemato fn California, dofonting Buobenick, ono of the most popular men fn the Btato, Subsequontly he bocame Goveruor of the Stata. During al§ lifs political lifo he was very popular with all clgsses of pooplo, aud at one time was oue of tho most active and prominent politicians {n the - country, THF REV. CORNKLIUS APRINGER, who died at Zavenville, 0., on the 18th fnst., was uno of the foundors of the Mothodist Prot. estant Church [n ths West. Ho was born in Del- awaro in 1700. In 1808 ho united witk the Meth- odist Episcopal Chureh, and became ono of ity traveling munisters. e continued in the jtin- erancy until 1829, when ho secedod and helped organize the Methodist Protestant Chureh, and formud mauy congregations in Pennsylvania and Woat Virgioia, 1lo was aleo editor of the Metha odist Currespondent and of s successor, the Western Recorder, now tho Methodist Recorder, PRINCE CRANLEY THEODORE, A Muoich dispatch bas already sonounced ther deat of Prince Coanrzs Tazopong, the gioat- uncle of Louis II., present King of Bavaris, by 8 fat} from 8 horsa. s was the son of Kiog Maxmxirian Joserit and WiLmELMING Avausta of Hesse-Darmatadt, and bis sister, Cnarrorre Avauers, was the fourth wife of Fmaxcis L of Austria. His carcor has beon almost puraly mil- itary, aod confined to the Davarian and Prussion servico, OEN. YOX ZASTROW. ‘The Now York Tridune of tha 16th EAyE ** Hersnien ApoLy o Zastnow, Genoral of the Prusetan Army, dled yeaterday st Borlin at tho age of 74. This veteran was born fn 1801, and’ entered the Prussian army in 1819, He morved ia the srmy of Bchleawig-Iolstoin from 1848 to 1850, whion ho roturned to the Prusalan miltary servico, in which he was promoted rapidly. o sorvod with great distinction In the war with Auatrla in 1866, and was raisod to the rank of Uoneral In 1863, recoiving command of the Sev- eoth Army Corps, o was very promineut in tho Franco-German war, during which he capturod Thionvills, Montmedy, Mozieros, Rocrvy, and Lovgwy. Ho was sulbor of soveral Worke on fortification,” ——— POLITIOAL NOTES, CGov. Tildon and Lis Democistio friends have dono s tolorably rash thlug in calliug the New York Btate Conveution to moet st Byraouso, which s the very hoadquarters of the Canal Ring, A gontleman who has been travoliog fu Cuyae hora County, 0., believes that the Republicans will gain five votos throngh ths school question for every oae they lose through the flusucial queation, The Cleveland Herald confirms this opinion, and adda that the school question is uppermoat throughout the northern part of the Stato. Tin Cu10400 TaInoNe onght not to abnse the: Olifa Iaver becausa » lot of languishing lunatics. waut 1o boro s Lole with paper monev, for canale boats, througl the Altegheny Mountalus,— Cin- cinnali Commercal, Dut, if they should succeed, It would bore & Preity serious hole in the pocketa of the taz~ payers. A correspondent of the Cinclunstt Gazette bas takion tho paius 1o cast up the accounts of de- Ialcations and rascalitics of Btate and county officlals in Olo since 1850. It he Las bean ao- curato in bis calculations, the poople have Jost £1,250,931.21 through the dishonesty of Domo- craty, sud only $80,000 by Ropublican malfesse ance. The comparleon is auggostive, Bam Cary fs smd to bo the cousplcuous fignre oo tha Dewmocratio side in Obio, and the only Democrat who is throwing much vigor into the contliot, Ho [s campaigolog incessantly, and mabiog & spectaclo of Limiolf whenever he bas. 8 chance, Of course Lty cxpectation iy that Al lon will resign 8004 atier tho election and go into traiving for the Prosidency ; thon the way will Le lott clear for bim to mout the Gubornatarial chair, TLe present Collector of the Part of New York, Alr. Arthur, awes Lis position to tbe Hoo, Bdwin D. Morgau, on whose rocommendation Ls was sppoioted. Mr. Archur served on the ataff of Goyv, Morgan in 1850, and then sbowed himsolf 80 efficient publio servant. e fs ¢ on of & Laptit wiviter, His income from fees is anid $o ba 960,000 Lo $100,000 per annum, the ofice beiug considered the most Jucrative la the gifs of tho Preaideut. Tho guccessor to Andrew Jobuson In the Uaited Buates Benate, acoording to the Bt. Louis Tinue *Labosed and utiove the bess Le kosw