Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, August 21, 1875, Page 8

-THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SATYRDAY, AUGUST 2I, TERMSOF THE TRIBUNE. NATES OF ATASCRITTION (PATADLE IN ADVAXCE). Postage rennid nt this Ofee. 2,00 | Feady. ) year....$ 1,03 BBt oA e 150 Ten aopi R ¥ i) .00 Fai ¥ the mamo rate, WaxTED—One active sgent in vach fown and village. Epech] arrangements mada with such, Bpocimen coplra sent tree, Ta prevont delay and mistakes, L kure and give Poat-Office address in fall, Including Statoand Conuty, Remiltancesmay be made elther by draft, exress, Poet-Ofica order, or in regintered letters, at our risk, TEAMS TO CITT ACTRCHITERS, Datly, delivered, Buniay excepted, 123 cents per weok, Daily, delivared, Bundy Included, 30 centa per week, Address THE TRIDUNE COMPANY, Corner Martinon and Doarborn-sta,, Ghicago, Iil, e et TODAY'S AMUSEMENTS, MOVICKER'S THEATRE—~Madison street, between Dearborn aud State. Engagement of Edwin Adams, +Clancarty,” Afternoon aud evening, CHICAGO THEATRE—Clark street, between Ran- dolph and Lake, * Tom Penryn,” Afternoon and evening. HOOLEY'R THEATRE—Randolph street, betwoen Chrk and Legalle, Engagement, of Jobn Dillon, “Everybody's Frieud " und “The Green-Eyoed Granger.” Afternoon and ovening. ADELPHI THEATRE—Desrborn sfreet, corner Moores, * Hand and Glove,” Afternoon and evening, WAL, B. WARREN LODGE, No. 209 A, F. and A, M. —Bpecial_communicstion this (Saturday) evening at Ortental Tall, 122 LaSalle-st., for work im 34 Degroo. Visitors welcome. By order of the W. M, J. R. DUNLOF, Boc, ATTENTION, SIR RNIGHTS OF ST, BERNARD COMMANDERY, NO. 85, K. T.—You ars orilcred to appear at our_ Asylum Bundag, at 1 o'clock p. m., for ‘{0 purpoas of attending the fnneral of the late Sir Knight W, 11, O'Neil, of Chicago Commandery No, 19, E.T. : ¥, BARNARD, Com, ATTENTION, IR K o § CHICAGO COMMANDERY, K. 'T., aro hioreby notified tosssemble st the Asylum, corner of Haue dolph and Uzlated strests, Sunday, Aug, 2, M it 1 o'clock p, m., far the purposs of of our E\ln Hir Knlahit Wiillam 11, of afater, Commanderios canrteansly with us. By ordor of the Em, Com, ™ @. A. WILLIAMS, Recorder, The Chitagu Tiibane, Baturday Mormng, August 21, 1875, WITH SUPPLEMENT. Greenbacks, at the New York Gold: Ex- chaugo yesterday, opened at 88}, foll to 877, and closed at the opening price. “The Bir I‘nlghln of ) 0 ‘Neil, 8ir Knights invited to mect The decreaso in imn;gm(fim for the year ending June 30, 1875, is stated by the Na- tional Statistical Bureau at 86,000, A bonquet wns given last ovening in Soutbampton, Eng., to thd officers of tho American noval squadron. It was largely attended by distingnished officers of Hor Majosty's service, and wag o brillinnt affair. A mnceting of gentlemen prominently iden- tifiod with the Republioan party in Chicago was held last evening for tho purposo of con- sulting with referonce to tho political situn- tion in this city. Among the large number who wero present and gavo exprossion to their viows thero was no division of senti- ment as to the policy of placing o full and straight Ropubliean ticket in the ficld this foll ; all woro agreed thot this should be done. . The Georgin insurrection, if it may be dig- nified by such a name, has apparontly Leen suppreased without loss of life. Somo hun- dred or more colored men have been arrested and imprisoned, and will be bronght imme- dintely before tho courts. Bomg of the lead- ers are reported as having confossed that they wero banded together for the purposo of maurder and plunder, but these reports do not appear to be sustained by trustworthy evidence, Quiot provailod oll around ot last accounta, Gov. Davis, of Minncsota, proposes that the people of that State shall bo educated on the subject of grasshoppers, Bitter and costly oxparienco has taught them the im- portance of monaures to guard against future visitations of the winged depredators, and ‘the Qovernor has appointed throo gentlemen a8 o Commission to investigate the locust question aud furnish such information as may bo obtained as to the best method of preparing to resist and provent the inoursions of the 'hoppers next year. * ‘What with the organization of militia com- panies in Williamson, Jackson, and Franklin Counties, and the aid of the United States Court under the act of Congress known ‘ng the Ku-Klux law, thero is a fair prospect that tho era of lawlessness in Southern Illinois will be ended. The United tates Diatrict Attorney for the Southern District, the Hon. J. P, Vax Donston, will enjoy tho valuable assistanco of Capt. Hooaw, the brave citizen and ex-soldier who fivst proposed to organize 8 foroo to wipe out the Ku-Klux, and who, it 1s expected, will furnish n large list of tho names of persons to bo arrested, Northeratorn Indiana is again ovorrnn with bahdud horse-thieves, ond our dispatch from Fort Wayno this morning roports tho grentest disquictude among farmers of the surrounding country, tho thioves having run off forty valuable animnls witlin a month, About seventeon yoars ago thiy samo section purged itself and the noighboring States of tho most thoronglly organized nnd dis- ciplinod horde of horse-thieves of modern times. Under the name of Regulators, and by authority of a special enactment of their Logislature, the citizons organized, scoured the country, captured over two-thirds of tho gang, and, before an improvised court heldat the Town of Ligonier, in Noble County, sent a great many of thom to the Penitentiary, A man named McDouoary, convicted by them of having participated in roasting s wpnin order to make him reveal tho depository of Lis monoy, was taken to the borders of Dia- mond Lake, near Ligonier, and executed be- fora thousands and thousands of poopla, A revival of these rominiscences of the old time may furnish & suggestion for the present. ] * 'The Chioago produce markots wore {rrogn- lar yesterday, but generally tame, and sowe of them were weak. Mesa pork was moderately aotive, and 50 per brl lower, closing firm at 820.80 cash and October, Lard was quist and easier, closing fim at §18,12} cash, and #13.25 for Ootober, Meats wore quiet and o lower, at 830 for shoulders, 11jc for short ribs, and 12§ for short clears. Highwinea were quiet and steady, at $1.19§ per gallon. Lake freights were dull, and quoted at 2o for corn to Buffalo. Flour was quiet end easfor, Wheat wai leas active, and }@10 lower, clos- ing firm at $1.10} cash and $1.15§ for Bop. |’ tember, Corn waa 10 lower early, but clossd Arm ot 5o cash and 00jo for Beptembor, Oats were modasatuly aollve and jG@lo lowes, closing at 18} eash and 850 for September. Rya was quiet and ensier at 78¢ for Septem- ber. Barley wasdull aud 3¢ lower, closing at £1.02} for Beptember. Hogs were quiet and firm at Thursday's closing quotations, with tho Lulk of sales at $7.76@7.95. Cattle wero quict and ensy for atl grades bolow choice. Sheep were dall and weak, One hundred dollars in gold would buy $113.62} in greon- backs at the closo, It scems praclically certain that the Tow- ers of Europe havo decided that the time has not como for the separation of the Christinn provinces of Turkey, The Russian Amn- bassador ot Coustantinople has had an inter- viow with thoe Sultan and the Germnan, Austrian, and Russian Ministers have heldn protrncted discussion with the Grand Vizier. All_the diplomats at Constantinople will meot at tho Russinn FEmbassy to-doy, Itis understood that Turkey will be obliged to grant sweoping mensures of roform to her insurgent subjects, and (hat the latter will bo compelled to nceept them nnd stop fight- ing. 'I'his docs not scttle the Eastern quess tion, but merely postpones it. The wounds of the Sick Man of Europe ars to be bau- daged, but they will bo torn open ngain as soon as the Powers can decidoon the division df the provinces, and then the Turk will be hustled behind the Balkans, and eventu. ally across the Bosphorus, Trof, Swivo‘offers to the people of the Fourth Church and to his friends in general tho comforting assurance that there is no present ocension for excitement over the re- port that the Synod of Illinois Morth intends to demnnd tho vacation of his pulpit upon tho ground that he had alrendy been pro. nounced a heretic. The Synod does not meet until October, and in the meantime nothing can be done in this direction, Prof. SwiNo regards it ns probablo that the Bynod will feel called upon to enforco its ban of ox- communication pronounced a year ago, a3 there 38 o valunble church property involved in the question, As to the result, tho herotical pastor of an orthodox church seems to borrow no trouble, and ventures no opinion, but is content to modestly state the nlternatives—obedienco to the Synod's mon. dale, or elso tho neceptance of the conse- quences of disobodience, In the Intter cnse, the much-loved pastor would continue his good work in the Fourth Church, and the Synod of Illinois North wonld have to score the loss of a grent preacher and a powerful church organization. THE CORK-SCREW OPINION, Mr. Attorney-General Epsary's Inte opin- ion to the State Board of Equalization will probably evoke a storm of public indignation much greater than ho anticipated. It has proved a surprise, and has provoked an in- quiry that will disclose some romarkablo fuets, It now nppenrs that the Stato Doard met at Springfield with a full knowledge and understanding of the nmendment to the Rov- entte law, and prepared to obey it in good faith. As soon ag the Board met, n mombor offered a resolution asking the opinion of the Attorney-General as to the proper construo- tionof the amendment made by the lnst Leg- islaturo, and nsking him whnt eoffect that amendment should bave upon the action of the Board on tho assessment of the class of corporntions specified in tho amendment. ‘This resolution of inquiry was prepared by the Attorney-General himself, and the reso- lution as it was adopted is reported to have been in his own handwriting. It was a clear cnso of the legal officer of tho Btate asking tho Board to interrogate him, Lo preparing the questions he wns to bo asked It is also a fact that tho opinion which the Attornoy-General delivered in answer to the resolution had been concocted by bim in the interval between the ndjourn. ment of the Logislature and the meeting of the State Board, and was undoubtedly got up, in conjunction with the State Auditor's offico, to defeat the oporation of the amend- ment to the tax law. It must bo rememberod that the Revenue Iaw of 1872 was the first attempt in this State to punish * eapital " by making it pay double or triple taxation. That part of the law was o pet schere of the Auditor's offico,—it was an auziliary to the schemo to make tho Btate at large pay the local dobts of the counties nnd towns which hod voted bonds to wild-cat railronds. The principal aim was to reach the mailrond corporations, but all others were included. For this purpose the law was framod so that corporations were to be nssessed on their entire property of every deneription, and then on the *eapital stock" which represonted that property, and appor- tioned it among the shareholders, and also on thoir debts | In the case of railway corpora- tions, thoy were to be nssessed upon lands, lots, buildings, workshops, and machinery, right of wny, main track suporstructure, side, second, and turnout superstructure, rolling- stock, debts, capital stock, and franchise. The combined estimatod valuo of eapital stock and dobts, in cxcess of tho valua of the other property, was to be taken as the taxable value of such capital stock and debts, Tho Auditor'soflico staked ita roputation and the hopes of its incumbents for future hounors npon the success of this part of the law, Acting under this law, the Btate Board in 1878 discovered that tho ascertained valua of the capital stock, including’debta of all the railroads in this State, wos $133,498,622, and tho assessed value of the tangiblo prop- erty of such corporations wna 68,885,452, loaving an exceas of value of stock and debts over that of property of 064,611,070, to bo taxed for Btate, county, and other local pur- poses. Other corporations, principally manufacturing, wero taxed on their oapital stock and debts on a valuation of about $20,- 000,000, The collection of "this tax on “ capltal atock,” in addl tion to the property itsolf, hos boen enjoined by the United Btates Conrts in cases where there are foreignstock- holders, and the question is now pending in tho United Btates Buprome Court, The col- lection of the similar tax levied in 1874 hay also beon enjoined, and tho Auditors office having staked its roputation on tho power ot the Stato to tax the same property saveral times under soveral names, has called in the Attorney-General to advise the Siate Board to show no woaknoss in this porticular, even if the Logislature has abolished the iniquitous law | ‘The State officers havo got the notion that the Legislature, by exempting cortain clagses of corporations from this double taxation, has practically exempted all tho others, Bo the Attorhey-Gonoral has advised the Btate Board that, in order to prevent the exemption of the others, tho State’ Board shall disregard the law and ezempt none / T'ho amendment of 1875 reads very plainly as.follows: That in sssessing companiss snd sssocistions organ- z0d for purely monufacturing purroees, or for the priutlug or tis publishing of uowsapers, of for ibe fmproving and breediug of stock, the asees : 1t shall Do 80 uade Miabd Ruoh Bomipauled Aud 8MO. s doka B0 PAGES, 1875.—~TWELVE organizeld shalt only bz astesred as indiciduale under ke crzenmatances wovld be ansessed, and namere, and such companfes and assocdationa shall bo allowed the same deduction an ara aliowed to ludividunts, (Laws of 1873, 1, 98, "This is clearly an exemption of the claskes of corporntions named from the duplicnta eapital-stock tax, and n direction that they bo taxed ng individuals, end *‘no moro.” How the intention of the lnw.makers could be expressed in plainer Ianguage it is hard to conceivo, ‘T'he Constitution authorizes the Legialature to tax— Tersonn or corporations awnlug or uming franchises sud privileges in such wanner as 1t shuil, from time to time, direct by general law, uniformue {o the class up- on which It operates, “This is o restraint upon the power of tho Stata to exempt any class of corporations from this patont tnx on capital atock ; the Constitution simply requires that when the Legislaturo shall tax n class of corporationa that tax shall bo uniform ns to that class, The State never taxed, in addition to the property itsolf, the oapital stock and debts of nuy corporation before 1878, The second taxntion was omitted. . It was optional then to tax all classer of corporations or any particular class, but the tax was to be uniform as to the class taxed. That is all there is in the Constitution, but that sooms to be the ghost which has fright- ened the Bpringfield authorities into saying that the State Board shall nullify the law of 1875. ‘Wa beliove the tax on corporations, ontside of their actual property, to bo unconstitu. tional and void, as well ns unjust aud wrong. Wo believe the injunction in the Federal Courts prohibiting the collection of such tax on the railroad corporntions will be sustained, not because other corporations nre exempt, but because the tax iteelf is double taration of the same property. Tha Coustitution dis- tinetly classifies corporntions; and the re- quirement is not that all corporations shall bo taxed alike, but that such clnsses of corpora. tions as are taxad shall bo taxed uniformly. The corporations oxempted by the Legisla- turo are not monopolies. They ara more private business firms taking the corporate form, not for the enjoyment of any privilege or franchise not equally open to all othar per. gons, but taking this form simply ns a con. venienco in respect to the proprietary interest of the mombers of the firm. This we have repentedly illusirated. Thoe effect of such double or triplo taxation has been to op- presa or suppress manufacturing establish- monts all over the State. Tho convenience of koeping the books, and of enabling part. ners to sell out their interests without dis. golving the firm or interrupting the husiness, is the mainadvantage songht by the corporate formn of organization, and this is equally open to any citizen, The Legislnature, with a full understanding of every momber, voled to ox- ompt these classes of corporations from doublo taxation, The Attorney-General was awaro of the amendment, nnd of its purpose at the time. 3Members of the Logislature in- formn us that he rovised the amendmont so ns to accomplish that purpose. The Governor npproved the law for that purpose. The State Board so understood it, and any child of ordinary intelligence can understand the law as menning nothing else, The advice now given to nullify the law is vicious in itself, ig opposed to the best policy nud interest of the 8tate, and bas no justifi- cation in any pride of opinion among the State officers to carry through the infamous extortion despite the law of the SBtate. AN UNWHOLESOME LAW, It ia expected that a test case involving the constitutionality of tho Wisconsin railroad legislation of 1874 will be nrgued before the United BtatesBupromo Court in October, The agrarisn nature of those laws, the refusal at first of two of the principal corporations to obey them, the vexatious litigation that fol- lowed and which is still to continue, tho political nnture of the controversy, and the great importanco of the whole subject, make it one of the most interesting questions to discuss that can engago the attention of our ‘Wisconsin neighbors. No Wostern communi- ty haa yot been able to furnish its own cap- ital for the comstruction of such rail- roads as its enterprising inhabitants thought wers necessary to the proper dovelopment and conveniencs of their local- ity, and where foreign capitalista have re- fused to invest their money in such under- takings, for any renson avhatevor, thoy have had to be sbandonoed, and tho ordinary nnd cheapor methods of transportation rélied up- on by the juhobijants. Tothis common prac- tice Wisconsin is not found to be an excep- tion, but upon a closo exnmination of tho statistics connocted with her railrond history it is ascertained that whilo her 2,200 miles of completed ronds in 1870 cost 68,000,000, in ronnd numbers, her peopla contributed, one wayand anothor—mostly y cash subscrip- 'tions, farm mortgnges, and oity, town, and county bonda—only 6,000,000, and includ. ing right of way, loss than one-twelfth of the nggrogato sum that was necessary for tho building and equipment of theirroads. This is an jmportant fact that i to be keptin mind, because the contributors of one. twelfth of the capital of a joint stock com. pany are in the majority, and propose to en. act ond have alrendy enacted laws injuri- ously affecting, if not absolutely destroying, the value of the property of those who con- tributed the remainingoleven-twelfths, Prior to the passnge of what is popylarly known s tho Porrzs law and the supple. mentary acta that followed, the legislation in ‘Wisconsin had ever been oxceedingly favos- ablo to railroad building, aud outside capltal waoa invited to invest on the moat liberal terms ; the radical power which tho Supreme Court has since declarcd tho Constitution gave the Yegislatura over corporations never baving beon invoked as & pro- toction to the people pgalnst the un. reatralned grood of the companles, "or a8 tho political shibboleth of partisans and demsgogues. Tho chetters of all the companies were 80 liberal that Chlef-Justice RyaN alludes to those corporations in the railway-injunction deoisions s ** those spoil. od children of legislation—as our statute- books abundantly show them to be—after some quarler of & century of legislative favors lavishly showered upon them," ete. But even with these unusual privileges, the northorn halt of Wisconsin fa destitute of railrond facilities at prosent, and will probably remain 8o until the policy of her Legialaturo is essentially altered from that which is ombodied in the Porrzs law. Nor are the southern and interior seotions of the Btato so woll supplied with these convenien. ceas of modern travel that the inhabitants have no unfinished enterprises which depend upon foroign capital to curry forward to suo- cosaful comgpletion, as tho following Mist of projooted and partially complsted lincs will demonstrato i The extonslon of the 8t, Paul branch from Monrae, in Gresn Oounty, south. westerly through the lead region of Towas, Lafayotte, aud Grant Countios to the Missle. alpp River; the coustruciion of a lne from _effort to obtain relief. Milwankee 160 miles west to Dubugno, aver the old survey of the Milgauken & Beloit routo, on which over §100,000 lins atready been expended, which is yet available, and penetrating the splendid agricultural regions of Waukesha, Itacine, Walworth, and Rock Countica; aroad from I'ond du Lac to Peo- ria, 200 miles, thus uniting the pinerios of the Fox and Wolf Rivers with the grain nnd coal fields of Illinois; a lino from Chicago to Tinko Superior, via the flourishing villages of Elkhorn, Whitowater, Jefferson, Lake Mills, Poriage City, aud from thence throngh the immense pine and mineral regions of North- ern Wisconsin, This road is over 400 miles in lougth, 300 of which is in Wisconsin, and the Company haven grant of land to nid in its construction, and it has already expended alargo amonnt of mouey along the line in grading and bridging, Another land-grant rond from 8t. Croix to Tiayfield, on Lake Su- perior, traversing a country of vast Inmber, iron, and agricultural eapabilities. A road from Portage City to Stovena Point, under tho auspices of the Wisconsin Central Rail- way Company, for the construction of which they aro bonngl Ly the terms of their land. arnut, A road from Speucer, on the Wiscon. ain Central, wost 40 milos to Augusta, on the’ Wost Wisconsin, connecting those two im- portant lines, Tho completion of the Wis. consin Valley Road to proper and valuable con- nections with other compnnies, and the samo with the Wisconsin Central, that only lacks 55 miles of comvloting its entiro route of 400 miles from Lake Michigan to Lake Superior. ‘The building of 98 miles of road from Mil- wankee to Lodi, on tho Northwestern Rond in Columbia County, thus giving Milwaukeo the benefit of the whole uetwork of roads in Northwestern Wisconsin and Minuesota, There aro other railroad projects of consid- orable loeal importance in the State that are not enumernted nbove ; but enough has been said to impress upon the reador the fact that Wisconrin's systom of railronds is not yet completo, and that it is of too mmuch impor- tance to thw convenionce of her peoplo and the development of her wonderful resources to bs crushed- out by unwiso and sgravian legislalion. The above-men. tioned lines mensuro o distance of over 1,000 miles that aro needed to . be built at once, aud no doubt neatly all of them would liave been built the present year, or the means provided, if it had not been for the unfriendly aots that have frightened cap- italists from making any new investments in property that o crazy Legislature may confis- cate. There s not arod of railroad being built in Wisconsin the present season, al- though labor and iron are chenp and money is abundant, and the nbove-mentioned pro- jeets, anch and all of them of great loeal im- portance, would involve an expenditura of at lenst $30,000,000, not to speuk of the benefit to be derived by bringing the lands in the immediate vicinity closer to maiket, thus adding to their permauent value, and increas. ing and multiplying tho comforts of tho set~ tlers. 1t is seldom that wo witness in thoao Iatter dnys ruch blighting effects npon the commer- cinl and financial prospority of a great Stato, following so cloga upon the passnge of crude and unwise lpws ; sod it will bo s most ex- traordinary spectacle if the peoplo of Wis- consin will quietly permit their railroad building to remain long under the utter paral. yui that the passage of the Porten law has brought upon it without making o serious That law was -the joint product of partisans and demngogues, who cared less for the material prosperity of tho community than they did to secure tom- porary succeas ot the ballot-box, and it is gratifying to observe that publio sentiment is sotting strongly in tho right direction to speedily sweep it from the statute-book, BTATE IRBPECTION OF GRAIN. Tho Board of offjcials suthorized by law to levy taxos upon tho grain trade of Chicago at the expense of the farmers, to support gang of politieal partisans, haye endenvored to screen themselves from publia indignation by personol abuse of Tur Cuioaco Trmune. Itis a striking fact that there is not an incom- petont or dishonest official, nor one pensioned upon the public becouse he is a political loafer, or any porson engnged in any business of questionnble honesty, that doos not hold Tue Coicaco Trmuse in_ horror, and who does not naturally ind comfort and sympa. thy and an organ in the Back-pay-Pacific- Mail-and.political-assessment paper of this city. 5 The State inspaction of grain in- Chieago is one of thoso afflictions to which communi- ties are sometimes subjected, and from which thore is no appenl and for which there sno re- dresa; all that is left for the injured publio is to lay the griovanco bofore their fellow-citi- zons of the Btate, hoping that jn due time public opinion will intorfere in their befalf, Before 1870 the warchousemen of this city, or somo of them, bad resorted to dishonest practices, to the great injury of ehippers and consiguees, and to the disgrace and discrodit of the city. There was no legal romedy. Grain, no mattor how inspected or what its quality, wsa dumped into warchouse and mixed with other grain, and the purchaser wag compelled to take whatever was shoveled out to him. The complaints were loud and vigorous from ull parts of the country. The Constitutional Convention of 1870 gought to provide & remedy for this condition of thinge. Iu relation to warchouses it provided: . Aua thie diffarent grades of grain'shipped arate lots aflall nop be mized with iaferior or lor grades without the consent of the owuer or iguoe thereof, 1t forther provided: . Tha General Assembly sball pase laws for the in- spection of grain for the protection of producers, abippers, and recolvers of graln and produce, ‘This provision of tho Constitution roquires the Legislatura to pass laws for the inspoc. tion of grain, but does not requiro them to create & Board of Inspectors to examine and value grain, There is no hint or fntimation in tho Constitution that tho examination of grain is to be taken out of the hands of the owners thercof, or that tho sellers and buyers of tho grain are to be doprived of the right of inspecting their own grain or of employ- ing experta to do it for them. All that is re- quirod of the Legislature is to * pass lawa for tho inapection of grain for the protection of producers, shippers, and receivers of grain ond produce.” This **protection " should be found in tha courts of the State, The law shonld carefully provide for the redress of grievances, for the punishment of frauds and deceits, for the separation of grain where deaired by the- owner or consignes, All the noceusary remadles by injunction, mandamus, replovin, aud by suit for damsges should be enacted in the statute. This can all bo done without the creation of political officers to undertako the grading and veluing of grain which seeks this port for & market or trang- portation abroad. There wasno nscessity for the offcehiolding machinery, which does far more misohief than good. The lnterosted chawplonsof the Blate lu. spection quote from tha record of the Con- stitutionnl Convention the following 1emnrks, made by the editor of this papee in that body, for what puepose it ix difficull to par- ceive, ax hoy do not ndvaeato the nppoint- ment of n Bonrd of Politicn! Inspectors to value the grain coming to Chicngo : ,000 bushels of grain that pass into and of Chicago per sunum ara controliod ely by & fow watchousemen and the officern of rallwags, They form the grand ring that wrings the sweat apd blood out of the producora of Tinoi, There In'no provision In the fundamental law atanding belween fhie uncestricted avarico of monopoly and the common rights of the peaplo: but tha great, Iaborious, patient ox, the Iarmer, ia Litten and bled, haransed snd tortured, by theso rapacious, bicod-snoking in- Mesks. Ttia the bounden duty ot his Convention to #tep botwoen thiess voracious monopolios and the pro- ducers, aud give lhem frotection in somo degree at least, There will thon be an asertion of the rights uf the people, which may be framed and hung up in every farmer's house a8 & magna eharta of hls inallenatle righta, 1t will bo & monitor to Leglslaturos which membera will not dare to ignora or diarcgar i Wa aliall e aadly derulict to our duty If we leave these nalls without having pansed & propsr artlels of this de- scription for the protestion of tho poople and the re- sirlction of monopoly, ‘The Convention abolished the warchouse frauds, but the Legislaturo hins turned loose upon this city a corps of officigls nuthorized by law to prey upon the public in a mauner even moro outrageous than the warchouse- men of six yoars ago. The Constitution in- tonded to give tho man whose grain was put iuto warchouse and mixed with grain of in. ferior quality and grade & remedy by which ho could récover any loss 'lie might sustain, 'The Stato inspection steps in, takes tho grain nway from him, puts it into warehouse, and mixes it with any kind it chooses, no matier low inferior, and gives him no remedy, It protects the warehousemen by substituting n State Iuspector, sclected because of his politica, who, with his forty or fifty Doputics, appointed perhaps because of their fealty to some political nspirnnt, tnke possession of the property of the shipper or consigneo, and arbitrarily stamp npon it a valuo wholly dif- ferent from that which might bo agroed upon by the seller and purchaser! The Constitu- tion did not intend that the owner of prop- orty shiould be compelled to sell that property at whatever valuo n Stato officer might igno- rnatly or fraudulently place upon it. Inspee- tion of grain is taluation. Where does tho Inspector get his power to placo a value on private property without the consent of tho owner? And where does he got tho power, after having placed a value on it, to take it from the owner, mix it perhaps with inforior grade, and let him sell & corlificate of so mnch inforior grain, to be delivered “from n genoral mass, upon the return of the certifi- eate? 'The Constitution required the Legis-. Inture to puss an inspection law ‘‘to pro- teet” tho owners of grain from fraud, but where is tho provision requiring them to cro- ato o State Bonrd of Inspectors? There is no such provision in the Constitution, nor WAS ONG NECCRSAY. Tho Stato has passed o law establishing a system by which, through ignorance or fraud, the ogrers of grain may be robbed and plum- dered, and no redress whatover is afforded them. In exchanging warehousemen for State Tnspectors, the shippors of grain have oxchanged King Log for King ‘Btork. The business of Chicago and of its transportation companies has been injured becauso tho Stato inspection s treatad with contompt in New York and sll the markets of the conntry. The cousignoes of grain coming to Chiengo, 80 for as they are able, try to have their grain oxamined by men of their own selectiorn, in ordor to obtain n real estimato of its grade, and® of course of its value, and, if possible, to koep it from boing mixod, Tho Stato law makes this personal or unofficial inspection a ¢rime, and the State Inspector, who is 7ot an expert, gives his ofilcial timo to the prose- cution of thoso who are experts in the Polico Courts ! Thoe Btate inspoction being a confessed and notorious fraud, and it makes no differenco whether it is the result of froud, or ignorance, or stupidity, shippers must continue to be robbed until publio indignation sholl compel the State Bonrd to reform it and tho State Logislature to abolish it. In the moantime, wa repeat the question, Where does the State of Tllinois get ita ‘power to seize the property of citizens of othor States sent to Chicago to bo forwatdod elsowhere, and withont their consent ploce a valuo thereon, aad, placing a value thereon, where does it got the power to compol theowner to accopt such substitute for that property as the State oflicer may de- cido is ad equivalent therefor ? We know of no power on the part of any Governmont to place a valuo on any man's property without his cousont, oxcopt for taxation. When this power is exercised by an officer notariously and confessedly inexpert for such a duty, under rules that are confesmodly inappropriate and necessarily orroneous, the legal outrage is aggravated by the manner in which it ia oxoocuted ; and it is but in kesping with tha general charactor of the transaction that the system is maintaiged tofurnish sapport at the public expense for acorps of tho personal retainers of some man seeking political place, A “'GERTLE BAIR" OF GREENBACKS, The Btate of Missourl contribdtos somo curious incidents to ourrent history. It abounds in semsations. Frequent oypross- robberies, mountain-bandits, torrents in ex- coss, sn occasionnl earthquake, ome old French town struggling to bo a metropolis, tho Jefforson Darracks, and Pike County ar. got, aro the standard and expectod features, iit, overy once in n whilo, Missouri breaks out with somothing new and startling. The latest native discovery will bo recognized asa national blessing by the inflationists all over the country, Ono of tho priza puzzles of the day has boen to show how the Government ia to proceed to put into active clroulation, g0 ag to do good, the fow thousand millions ©of greenbacks which the inflationists domond that ¢t shall is. sue. Thero has been avery vague idea that the printing-machines should be sot at work, and that there should be thereupon a gonoral scramble for them s small boys scramble for o batch of pennies thrown to them. Another notion s that they should be divided up pro rata, according to the size and consuming ca- pacity of every family. Another that every follow who owns some swamp-lands, or & storile island, or a sand-bank, or. s rock formation that will not yield to onltivation, shall have been a claim upon Uncle 8am for abatch of the mew greenbacks., But there have been more or less objections to all these schemeu for giving away greenbacks, dnd it remained for s Hannibal (Mo.) man to dis- cover a way. Here {Lis: It would be 8 groat reliof to the peopla 1, for sev- arsl years, thess tazes could be suspesded snd the peopls fresd from thelr Lurdeus of nstiopal taxstion, Tiut how would you meet the Goverument's ourrent ozpensss 7 Dy lssulng fresh areeunbacks and paylng tbem out directly to the people,—to the srmy sud navy, t0 Posl-Oftics oficlals, to pemsioners, to the Preaidsut, s0d to Congressnien, Dom't you thisk it would soon get nto ciroulstion 7 Would it all go Iuto the banke 10 be locked up? Nota bitof 1 1u three youru thia country would bave sdded to Jts circulation sbout §180,000,000, whieh the anks cohld uod copoer 504 ik would seb L whaals 68 Lidustsy oaos mure revolving sa they have not revalved since the cursed system of contraction waw commencad. This wonld be & wnirar and lera objoctlonable method of expaunion (hun that suggested n tho paynient of the 820 bunds 1 greendtmcks, It would difuse the cur- rency genarally, quiotly sud fn sl winounts, sl through the conntry ; It would come dawn liko the geutle raln upou the dry and thirsty carth, reviving, refreshing, rejuvensting, and causiug svery scctin to prosper. There is a hidden purpose fn this proposi- tion. Frank and open ad it scems to be, it containg a sinister design, A bricf examinn. tion will oxpose it. It evidently is not pro. posed to ropeal the tarid dutips, for that would not nccomplish the pirpose. 'The customs must be paid in gold, sinco it i8 nec- eagary to have this revenue in order to pay tha interost on the debt. It would not do to ropeal the tarlif, aven if that wonld help the matter, becauss the protectioniats who aro also usually inflationists would then protest that the remedy is worse than the disenso. They would say that they loat more by the admission of foreign products free of duty to competo with their own chan thoy gained by the inflation of the currency. Thoy would set up o nmew howl which would give the country no rest. The proposed repenl of taxes is limited, “thorefors, $o the internal revenue, Of this, whisky pays the bulk of the taxes, And right here is where tho gozello comes in, The Missouri man, under the protext of wanting more greonbncks, renlly wauts cheaper whisky. This is the hidden purpose, tha sinister dosign, to which wo Lave referred. How ovident it is upon a little sitting. ¢ More greenbacks and cheap whisky,” is the cry which is to firo the heart of the Mis- souriang in their next campaign.” It can searcoly fail to meot with n responsive acho in that State. It sappenls to two sirong passions in that section of tho country. To cheapen both money and whisky at one and the same timo is too strong o temptation to bo rosisted in Missourl. The new project hns been started by the Hanuibal Courfer, which professes to be Republican ; but we jmagine that this profession is n mere sarcogm, intended to confuse all the moro the Iatent intention of the scheme. It will find tho henrticst support from tha Democrata of the Gnarz BrowN school, and we {magine the Republieanism of the Iannibal Courier is very much liko Mr. Brown's ; at all events, - they will agree perfectly on this point. The Jaszs brothers will nleo approve of it. Pike County will go strong for it. 'The project of gotting whisky choap, and money given by the Government to pay for it, will probably carvy the Missouri Dewmocracy to a man, but it will searcely prove so attractive to the RRe- publicans. ———— Mr. Grapsroxe ought to be decply obliged to M. Burrer, the French Minister of the Intorior. Tho latter Lag given the anti-Ultrn- montane books of the ex-Premier an adver- tisement that o hundred thousand dollars conld not have bought. First, M. Burrer prohibited tlio salo of the books, Tho fact wos duly telegraphed all over France and to overy country in Christendom, and doubtless stimulated the sale of the GrapsToNE pamphlets everywhere. Then tho Repub- lican Permnanent Committee formally asked Buyrer why ho has done this. After some discussion, all of which was reported in all the nowspapers, and every word in which waa worth its weight in gold as an advertise- ment, the Minister explained that Gran- sTone's works could be sold only in shops, but could not bo hawked about the streets, Now French citios swarm with little shops,~ the sidewalk Aiosqucs nro ono of the striking features of Paris snd dther londing French citics,—nnd there is little orno hawking of roading matter on the .streets, Noewsboyu aro almost unknown, Tho prohibition, thereforo, amounts to nothing, The whole transoction Ling been one enormous advertise- ment, and tho French will now greedily buy and read tho anti-Papal arguments of the most powerful polomical pen in England. Millions will read the pamphlets who never read o Protestant view of the Vatican be- fora, Compulsory education in Beotland dates back to 1404, whon the firet Iaw on the sub. joct was ‘passed. The idoa was revived in' 1872, with excollent results. Tho number of children in attendance upon schools has been largely incroased. Tho threat of compulsion has beon more efficacious than compulsion itself, and has thus obviated the naocessity of o rigid enforcemont of the law, InGlasgow, out of 14,174 childron not nt achool, 5,810 were sent on account of warning Or remon- stronce, 8,108 aftor service of notico, 711 after the paronts had met the Bcliool Board, and 47 after the parents hadbeen prosocuted. The compulsory feature of thelaw has worked well in both city and country. Within two years, many thousands of children have been saved from tho Ignorsnce that leads to pauperism and crime. The saga- clous and thrifty Scotch are excellent mate- rial for compulsory education to work upon, 80 oxcellont that it would bo unfair to excopt a3 great good from the enforcement of in- struction elschere ;. but its success in the #land o' eakes"” {8 but one of many proofs of ita inhetent value. Now Prof, Jexxrx sends bis offclal report of his re- cent discoveres to tho Interior Dapartmunt, aud, strangs to say, atates thut ha huy found gold “In the yery roots of the grass,” Wil tha newspapers which bave abifsed and vilifiod the InbrOcean for ita enter- rise o publishing & yesr ago what other journala sro runl now beginnlug to find out, please acknowledge thelr arror nd fraukly own that the InferOgean the truth, and told it eerly und wall 1—InterOucan, Tus Unioaco ToinoNe, being ond of tho *vil- {fiers,” In plsce of *‘ackoowledging” that the Inler-Ocean bas told the truth, now charges that paper with impudent, unblashing falsehood, and garbling of Prof. Jexxxy's 1eport. Prof, Jen- NEY did not asy that ** he had found goldin the vory roota of the grass” What Le said was thie s 1t was truly ssid of this region that thers wan an in the very roots af (he graay; bubit v nat the gold of *ha gravel bars or quarts ldges, not the gold of the iner or (he geoloutt, Wa quote still further from Prof, Jennxr's letter, Ho maye: The reglon contalns “gold in quaniiites suficfent 6 yield falr remunsrution for Isbor ecouoniically and ifully spplied, d by proper tools snd rme~ ek appliances, st least 8 modarate smount of capital or 118 bquivilent, and such s system. of work- g 0 an exparisuce of twonty-five years Las taugbi the miners of tue Paciflo Blope to employ. Whils ke vuluablo plager deposits ae fur as discoyersd ure by no means rich or very oxtenwive, comparsd with Ihoss of Californls, still there is wnflmf the pracious to develop the country, snd stock-raisiug and sgricule ture will do the rest. —————— A number of innocent snd confiding country- folk, and, doubiless, city-folk, too, have boen beguiled by a New York gaog of swindlers iuto apguding thelr movey in & highly-unprofitable manper, A firm calling itself the * Hopo Manue facturing Compaty of Naw York " has beon ad- vyertising extensively the aale of & new sewing- machina for 910, guarsnteeing that It would do any work done by a sewiug-macline, and osa- verelog for it {n varlous parts of.the country. Postmaster Jonzs, of New York, bes been placed in posscssion of & number of letters, mainly from peuple liviog 1o the Weat. complalningtlat wonsy seut by tham to the Hope Hewiug-Ma- obine Compsny must bave miscariied, machines bad bosn sent out In returo. Yh erament detectives waze pat op tho track, and 1y was 8000 discovered {Lat the Company was & sytb, Bud thad the money kadgene lto (ke hande of & swindlor named Taoxrson. Folico sutveillanca upon tule parron’s Post-Ofice bax made his busiuoss 8o nuprofitabla that b coolly notified tho I'ostmaator that tho firm ud sus- pended. Unly one mewing-maching win ever went fn roturn for a €10 bl aud that win a toy Affair worth, at & goneous osiimato, 69 conty. Howover, victima of the fraud will ho plaasod to know that Mr. V'toxrson his suspended Cai- cagoaus whoresd the utory, will be rpt to exclaing Tiu Forien is still alive and prosporing.” ‘The Brooklyn Eagle s engagod in’s bighly- commondable effort to oxpdse tho Ayetem of cruelty practiced towsrd ths inmates of tho County Inssno Asylum. This elfore would ba ovon mote commondable but for the faclthat tbo ring, of which the Eagle is the wealthy ore Ran, {8 now on the threshold of axposure, Its sudden philsutropy Iooks paiufully hike a feiut, THL REV. CHARLEI @, FINNEY, Tho paesing sway of a man of such age and matk as Mr. FinyEyY, whoes doath at Oberlin, O,, we recenily noticad, is worthy of moro than car- sory meotion, le wasouo of tho eccleniastics patriarchs, not only by reason of tho fact thw be expired nt tho ¢loso of Lin 83 year, but 1y tho atill bigher elain of baving hoon among tie origiuating torces of tho prescnt rtato of thisgs amongy the evangelical churobes of our limd, Having outlived’ his proper coutomporarus, it romslus for thoss who koasw bim onlyduilng the lattor half of bla protracied hfo to sound his prawo and wr.to bis epitaph, Mr. Fixxer's por- wonsl prosenco muggoatol, at the first glanco, that bo was no ordinary msn, Bomo vaat over § foat in staturo, finaly proportioned, and stand. ing perfootly ercot, oven in his last days, with » Liead abiowing a noblo dome of thought, and an oye large an: plorcing, bio made the trus impres. slon that ho hed strong or.gioal powors and grent force of character. Ho commesced ths vractice of law bafore bis raligious cooversion, though withoat the bonofit of & lveral educae tion, and would have taken high rank had ho continued {n that profession, swhich ho always gruatiy namired, for ho tad a cloar piroaption o flrm grasp of principles, and & rosliness of opt illustration, Ilis sormons alwaye bore tracos of s legal studies and ethods of argument. But such was tho strength of his conviction ay to tho need of carnest aud vigorousa proaching, that he forsook ths Iaw for tho pulplt, and do~ votod himself to tho work of rovirals a8 an ovangelist. s style of evangollstio preaching was pocue liar. Ifs had no aympathy with meie excito. monts of focl.ng. Baing eminently intol'ootnal {u Lis tandencies, he aimod firet to couvince and thou to persusdo. Ho aryued evary poins, phi- losopbically and Scripturally, appealing tp mon's ictwtious and common sense. Most eminently waa ho a doctrinal preacher, only tha ordivary theolugians would not always sccopt lus argu- ments and conclusiony, For o was indepondent of the ucbools, though for many years nominally a Presbyterian, and afierwards & Congropation= alist, but nover a sectmilan. Mo had no time for reading, to mny extent, and wo thougut out, In couuection with tho Bible, o syetam of thoolozy tor himself, This was attendad mith tho ususl drawkacks of gho conclusious of eeif-medo men. He was not up in the btcrataio of histoples; he wos pot sware of tho grounl that bad boon already trodggn ; Me waa crade fu somo of lus views; and he was too uweepiug in hiscondomna- tioa of opinions from which be differod. 'The suasiler 1n modo wns not his, charactorissio. But bis bold aud argumentstive preaching at- traotod universsl attontion, and his labors asan evaogelist were in demand in all the larger cities of tho Stato of New York, as woll a8 intha smaller towns, Iochoester and ite nmighborhood felt bin influonca lu n marked dugrao, snd though infidelity of the old dolatio stamp bad provailed In the uppor circles, the rovivals undor Mr, Fix- ey grappled dirsctly with it, snd Judges, laye yers, morchants, and otler leading men, wors converted in large nnmbors, and added to the various churches, Probably no other evangaelist liag over preached so characteristioulty to tne fne talloct and cousclence, Wo apeak particulasly of tho consoiends, be- cause hio laid great stress on rof.rmstion of character, and bore down ou everv form of ime moiality oud win, Ho inatsted that thore must bo confession of wrong-doing and restitutlon of ovil-golten gain, and consequontly his revivals bore large frait fo that way. Ho thus differed widely from thoe methoda now in vogus in some quarters, in which one acarcelv hears of rapent~ auco as % conditlon of salvation, and men are told 8o much of moro faith thav thoy scarcely think of & rovolution of charsster, Dut Mr. Fixnex'brought boki -the professors and gone proleanora to tlie tost of a very siunct standard, ‘Tho consoquonce was, that his convorts made the strongest Christisns, and are to-dav pillars o the churchos. Bomo of his successors in evangelistio work mighs profitably copy his ex« ample in this respoct. Mr, Fixxey's theology was what among the Presbyterians was known ms New Bohool doo- trine of the oxtromost order. But this only meant that o was moro logical and bold than Lus New Behool aaocintos goneraily, and thought him painciplea through to their just conolusions, and then sunounced theom without fear of the conservativos, He was willing to leb truth take caro of its own consaquences. Hence Dr. Hopox, the Corypimus of the Old School, Princoton theology, itated in the Raview tbot FiNngY's volumes on ‘theology were much like Euct.u eomstry: if one admitied tho princte plow at the atart, he muss consous to all that fol lowed. When the Oberlin College and Theologied Beminmy wese founded In 1385, Mr, FINNEY was called to thin obair of Bystematio Theology and also tho pestorate of tho church ; but he stilly for mauy years, spsnt two of thres months ig the winter in rovival labors, usaally at the Esst} aod he also made two visits to Bugland, whors he prescbed with greas power, and published & rovised adition pf hia theology. At Oberlin, ho gave muoh attention to the aubject of Ohristian eanctificatice, In order to overcome tho evil of & spasmoalo plety, which maoy associated with ro« vivals; and ss he Leld to the Eantoxs philoso- phy of ‘simple moral exercises (onch ant of wlil beiog whally right or wholly wroog), be cons tended for entire sauctification as that at which Chirlstisng should aim sud for which thay should luok, by falth {n the promises of God. Ha never went to any extravaganca of view, of profession, or of action in tho matter, sud the prejudice ouca opcited againat hun oo this ground hasloug aco paeasd awav. fofaat, hls general theological opiniona are probably by & majonity of the preseut minlaters of ral avangolica! donomie uations, with scarce plolon of tho odium which cuge attacbied to tham. Buch ia the prog- reas of thought and the gradual modification of theology. Mr. Finxxy was all his life & reformer. I8 novor foared to ** prosch politics* in the frue Bevse of the expresaion ; that is, he nevor hesic tated jo denounce moral wrang because a polite feal party bad espoused li. Io was ocarlysn advoats of total abatluenos, and his moat offects ive ravival efforts tuciuded an oatapoken denun- ciation gf the liquor-txafic. »His infueuce was #lso tast openly on the sido of the oui-slavery cauw, and against the ‘crucl proscription for color which made our American oaute as hosthien isl as that of [pdis. Iiie nssocistos as Obetlin took the ama view, and the doors of the juati- tutlon were thrown open, on equal terus, t0 white and black, He livad to wes the lard freed from thdcures of alavery, and to witness maoY other [uditations imitata tho puble Impartiality of Oberlix.. Ha probably nover preached a write ten sermén, and kil early volumes o discoursed were published aa reported. Yet hia pen did servios afterwards In his tbeclogical woiks, snd also in commsiona! contributiona to the religeous papors, which his continued to make dowu to tbe prescut summer, Ho was aclualy, as well 88 for some ‘years officlally, Presidest at Quesiis: aod onp mlth& write a8 an insatipsion there the words whioh do honor 4o Bir Qaaiwroruzs Wasd iy B, Peul's Catuodralt- »8i -quaris moste mentum, eiroumaplos "—I you sesk kis wouw il ook arvuid yen!