Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, July 29, 1875, Page 4

THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE HURSDAY, JULY 29, 1875. TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE RAPA OF AURECTUPTION (PATABLR IN ADVANCE). Postage Vreratd nt this Otice, Parts of a year at the-name ate, Waxtrp—One active scent in cach town and village, Borcial arrangements made with sich, Specimen copten aent free. ‘To prevent delay and tuistakes, ba sure and give Poat-Ottice address tn full, tueluding Stateand County. Remittances may be made eliher by draft, expresty Post-Oftice order, or In regintered lettors, at vur rivlc TEMA TO CITE sUNSCHIDE A, “Dally, detivered, Surslay oxcepted, 25 evnte per week, Daily, delivered, Sundey iocindod, 330 ceuls per wock, Addrere THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Cumer Madison and Dearhorn-ate,, Chicago, Tt, AMUSEMENTS, ADELPHI THEATRT roa, “The Lom Wit HCOLEYR THEATRE—Randolph street, between Olark and LaSatle, Engagenient of the Union Square Company, “ The Two Orphans.” “SOCIETY MEETINGS. THOS, J. TURNER LODGE, No, 409, A, F, M.—Thero will bow regular ‘communteaion Masou’s Hall, 72 Monroe-st, (Am, Ex. Bldj Thursday, ovenite at Ro'clz. Work ov M, Visltora cordially invited to meet wit Wem. JOUN E, Ry Che Chvaga Cribun. Thursday Morning, July 29, _ 2875. Groonbacks closed at * Rumor has it thot Tom Ewrxo has prevailed upon Gov, Hexpntors to brenk his protracted silence on the currency question, and to go over into Ohio and duclare himsclf ns au in- flationist. Persons suffering with a cold in the head, or with olfactories impaired from whatever eauso, should be careful how they tako silver dollars. In New York a spurious coin is in circulation so perfoct on imitation of the gen- uine in weight, ring, and general appearance as to be received without question at the banks. It is only by the sonso of smell that one enn discriminate between the ral and the bogus, ns tho alloy in tho latter hns a pe- enliar odor by which its presonco may be do- tected, Acconting $0 a press telegram by way of Springfield, Mo., the reign of bloodshed and lawlessucas in tho Chorokee Nation has resulted in the assassination of Col. Itoss, the Presont Chief, and a candidate for re-election, Tho feud botween tho rival factions of Ross and Downina hos resolted in the killing of evor 130 porsons daring the past six months, and it is not surprising that one of the leaders has finally fallon a victim to the bloody strife which ho has helped to incite and keep alive, Sau Wrrrrsoy's prediction in reference to the ‘Life of Christ” has proved true. The publishers of this and other of Mr, Bercner’s books, J. B. Forp & Co., finding themselves weighted down by liabilities ro. sulting from unprofitable publications, have asked for au extension at tho hands of their creditors, their course, as they claim, having been precipitated by the withdrawal of the publishing patronage of the Christian Union ‘Association, in which tho stock is chiefly owned by Hany Wanp Besourn, H. W. Saou, and H. M. Crxvenann, ‘The troubles of tho artisan classes which have prevailed in England for the Inst year or two have now oxtonded into Scotland. It is announced that thirty-one of tho Dundoe mills have cloned, owing to differences bo- tween the employers and employos, and that 12,000 persons are thereby thrown out of employment. The manufactures of Dundec are principally of conrso linen fabrics and jnte, and these industries nlone employ about mand and steady nt $1.17. Lake froights were less active and firm, at S}e for corn to Butalo, Flour was quiet and weak. Wheat was active, and closed Io higher, at $1.18) for August, and 4.17} for September, Corn. was active and Jo higher, closing at 724c for August, and Ze for September, Oats wero swtive and to higher, closing at 50} cash, and 41ie for Augtst, Rye wos na shado tirmor, at 73@S0c for August. Barley was in good demgnd and firm, closing at 1.06 1,061 for September, Hogs were fairly activo and firmer; sales wero nt wees.0n, Cattle wore in better demand aud wer steady, with soles at 22.50@6.45, Shocp were quict and abont steady. Tt was not unexpected that a fow failures would be announced from New York, A n like that of Duxcay, Suen- ys serves as a favorable op- ports ing the doors of any housa which sees bankruptey staring it in the face from previous misfortunes, thoughit may have had no connection whatover with the suspended firm. This seems to have been the case with the New York failures annonneed yesterday, The suspension of Duxcan, Suenman & Co. prepared the public mind for other failures, and induced the despondency among totter. ing firms necessary to the abandonment of all effort to save themselves, cas, Surman & Co, do not seem to have pulled down Anybody in their fall ; and tho only bad featuro about their caso is the report. cd transfer soma days ago of $385,000 worth of real estate to ALExaANDER Duncan, which looks as though itmight be a transaction of thoB. F. Aten kind, Tho Minnesota Republican Convention yestorday mct nt St. Poul, and with great: unanimity and enthusiasm nominated a State ticket aud adopted a platform, both being such as will undoubtedly command the united support of tbe Republicans of tho State, and secure a victory at the polls. Tho nominee for Governor, Joux 8, Pintsnuny, of Minneapolix, was strongly pressed for the position by the press of the State, and will be heartily supported. ‘Tho platform is thoroughly sound on all the vital issues in politica, It declares for hard money; foro tariff for revenue only; for n fair and strict subjection of the railroads to the law-making power constitutionally ox- orcised; fora judicious system of internal improvements in the interest of cheap trans- portation nnd inter-State commerco; and agninst athird term. In 187% Gov. Davis was elooted by a majority of 5,621 over Ban- tox, his Anti-Monop, opponent, and overy- thing points to another Republican succoas this yenr, THE CASE OF DAVID A. GAGE, EX-TREAS. UBER, Tho recent decision of the Circuit Court, overruling the pleas of Davin A. Gace and his sureties on his official bond, and holding them legally lisble, has revived tho general aubject of the defalcation, Mr. Gace claims, and has always claimed, that injustice lins been done him by the exoggorations and inisatatoments in the papers concerning the actual condition of his account with the city, In order that ho may not have cause to eom- plain of not having o fair exhibit before the public, we give the substance of hia own statement of his side of the caso as it now stands, At the time of his indictment ho was charged by the city with not having turned over to his successor the sum of $507,000, ‘That was the entire domand against him. Against this debt he claims tho following sct- offs or credits : . Cagh callectod by the city on sale of real esta Cab from Woodman's not Ue holds elty vouchers, Monvy in wuxpended banks Second Nutton Manufscturera’ Bink of Chica Budgere’ Dank, Interest on eity deposite... Total credita,. 80,000 oporatives. It is more than likely that the strikes once begun will extend to the en- tire act of factories, that this largo number of people will shortly be out of employment, and that the spirit of revolt will similarly affoct neighboring manufacturing districts, Tt has been ascertained that the smother. ing process has boen resorted to in the In- terior Departmont in qpnnection with tho Indian Agency frauds, A report proparod und submitted by Sawvrt WaLkzn, a mem- ber of the Indian Commission in 1878, has never boon mado public until now. Its charges of false weights, fraudulent retorns, inferior quality of supplies, ete,, aro fully as explicit as those made by Prof, Mansi, and the fact that on investigation was not soonor ordered suggests the inforunce that tho ‘Watxen roport would have never #eon day- light but for the peruistency of Prof. Mansi in moking known tho result of his obsorva- tions at Kxp Cxovn's Agoncy, ‘The people of Wost Indiana stroot and vi- cinity, who have for moro than a year ear nestly besought the Common Council to grant tham a horse-railway, but whose urgent claims for something botter than a shabby ‘ous lime have been donied with sus Picious persistency, aro now moving en snasso in the matter. Probably no portion of the city stands so much in need of strect-cnr facilities os that district which would bu benofited by a line on West Indinona stroet, and the further refusal of the Common Qouncil to grant the permission would ba o shameful injustice to from 30,000 to 40,000 people, The proporty-owners have takeu tho right courso to make themaslvos heard and felt, What they oak fa thelr just ond lawful right, and persaveranco will socure auocoss, The subject of grain inspootion is treated at some length in our columms this moraing. From the views of loading grain-dealers in Chicago, as exproased yontorday to a Tnipuax reporter, thore iy evident a strong prejudice against the presont syatom of inspection, and not without amplo causo, ‘These gon- tlemen maintain that the grading of grain in a great market like Chicago should be removed from political control and placed in the hands of the Board of Trade, They point to the damage which Chicago's grain trade bas snferod in conse- quenoe of the present system of inspection, which, they claim, haa resulted in turning saide to other points shipments which would naturally come to this city, but which aro kopt away because of the irregularities, un- cortaintios, and general disadvantagos of the Chicayo inspection, ‘The Chicago produca markets ware modor. ately stoady yesterday, Mesa pork was notiv and declined 180 por bri, closing at $20.85 @.40 cash, and @20.55 for September, Lard was in fair demand and 10¢ por 100 Ibs lower, clouing at 318,90 cash, and 913.50.for Sop- tember. Meats were quict and casior, at S{o for shoulders, 1240 for short ribs, and 120 for tions clears, Wighwines wore in better de- ‘liability to the city. Balance to nwke good the dofict, +$166,000 This balance of $166,000 Mr, Gace do- clares himself ready and willing at any time to pay over to tho city in cash, upon the sur- render of his property and a release from all ‘Those several credits aro claimed by the ex-Treasurer upon tho following grounds; 1. The item of interest. He claims that, ho was under no lawful obligation to charge himself with this interest, and isunder no ob. ligation to account for it ; that, if it had not been entered by him on his own books against bimsolf, it would not and could not be claimed or demanded of him ; and that as tho nmonnt has never in fact boen paid into the ‘Treasury, it has never become a lawful dvbt against him. His successor is not pay- ing interest to the city on the city doposits, because thete is no law requiring him to do so; his predecessors paid no intorcst to the city on the deposits, because there was no law requiring them to dowo, Why, thoreforo, should ho bu selected from the long list of ‘Troasurers and charged as o dofaulter and an embozzler for not paying into the Treasury an amount of interest which tho law did not requiro to be paid, and which the law in no wise authorized the city to exact? Ho therefore claims that logally nor in fact was this $191,000 over in tho ‘Kreasury, and was never legally required to be put there, aud therefore he cannot be re- quired to poy it, nor bo charged as a do- faulter for not having paid it over to his suc- cossor, 2, ‘Lhe money in the suspended banks, Mr. Gaug states that, boforo depositing any money in the banks, he took a bond from each bank, which bond waa thon considered quply yood; that this bond was taken to protect himuclf, and also to protect the clly ugalust loss, In the case of tho Second Na- tional Bank the bond was signed by J. A. Ennis, E, L ‘Vinuias, Acpenr Croapy, 8, J. Watken, and others, That the bond of tho Manufacturers’ Bank was signed, in addition to the ollicura, by Wittiaas ‘Tinpew, Mr. Com- stocs, of Evanston, Wintus Kexzy, and others, Tho Chicago City Uank bond was aignod by the two Biuros, W. H. Vanx, and othors ; and the Dapozn bond was signed by tho two aparns, Wattza Himrow, 8. J, Waxes, All these bonds at that timo ond up to the date of the panio were superabun. dantly good. The city has taken these claims against the susponded banks out of his hands. It has Drought uit on these bonds In its own name ogainst all these partica; it haa taken from Lim any control ovor the collection of any part of these balances, and he claims, there fore, that ho 1s entitled to a credit therefor, In additlon, the Becond National Bank or its managers has turned over for the pro- tection of tho sureties on {ts bond to Gacy the land lying south of Union Park, which hew been repeutedly oifured forsale to the city to be added to that park, Mr, Gsax reprosunts as o furthor reason why he should be ruloascd from the debt duo by the banks that whan thé Manufacturers’ So far, Dun- |. National Bank closed, it held among its as- acts vouchers to tho amount of £12,000 against. the city in favor of Ray & Wityxy, contractors, ‘These vouchers the han of- fored to turn over to the city in park payment of the $15,000 dav by the bank to the City Treasurer ; but the City Comptroller, he rays, refused to accept it and to credit Gace with that amount, Subsequently Rar & Warrnry sued thocily on some othermatterandobtained a judgment of 19,000, which judgment tho city hay or must pay in eah, whorens hind it necepted this voucher it could have turned it over in part satisfaction of tho judgment. Hero waa 412,000 of the indebtedness of the bank which he elnims might haye been col- lected, which the eity refused to secure, and which is, therefore, not collecteed yet. For these reasons ho claims releaso from the item of the interest, $191,000; and the indebtedness of the suspended bauks, $117,- 500, making together $278,500, He holds certain undisputed vonchors against the city for $12,500, which he has offered to pay over on account to the Comptroller. These itema, with the $50,000 cnsh alrendy collected by tho city, make an aggrogate of 341,000 which ho demands ho is entitled to be credit- ed for in his ncconnt, ‘The balance, $166,- 609, he is able to procure and pay over to the elty whenever hia proporty ia rolensed. ‘To secure the claim against him, ho has turned over in addition to the surety bonds of tho banka tho following property: 250 acres of unincumbered Riverside farm prop- erty, which just before the panic he bad sold for 21,260 an nere, and the papers to com- plete the sale of which were proparing when the panic camo and defented it ; his half inter- est in the Panmatee omnibus lot and stable, which interest, after deducting a mortgage on the premises, is worth $25,000 or inore; the 3O-ncro lime-kiln lot at Lyons, which is worth $20,000; and 350 Riverside bonds which cover one-fourth of tho Riverside property, including the gas and water works, All this property is of such a charactor thot, if in his own hands, he could soon convert it. It is under the depression of the panic, but in a comparatively brief time will all be marketablo at somo rensonable prico. All this property the city holds, Gacr claims, to secure $166,000, which is the total that it can now lawfully demand of him, os he al- leges; and which sum he will pay if they surrender the property and give him and his bondsmen a release. Mr. Gace states that the aspect of the ense hag not been changed in the Icast by tho recent decision of Judge Booru. The Court only decided that he and his sureties wera liable on the bond for whatever sun may bo lawfully dno the city, Supposing Jnudgo Boorn to bo sustained by the Supreme Court, then the issue to be tried is, ** for how much aro thoy liable?” That question he answers by giving the sum of $166,000, which ho de- elares his readiness to pay upon recciv- ing a releaso. While he does not din- cuss the moral aspects of the caso, hoe ‘asserts that there is no longer any pretenso of criminnlity; and that it is simply a matter of debt,—how much does ho owe tho city? With respect to the uso of money in the matter of Riverside bonds, ho elaims that ho loaned money on them, as ho Jonned money on any other collaterals, and roally held them for tho city as a security against losa, just as ho held the bonds of tho broken banks or othor securitios, We havo given this version of Mr. Gaox’s relations with tho city that he may no longer claim that he hos not had o fair hearing, and that our renders may consider it and give it all the weight it may be justly ontitled to. We do this without indorsing his view of his Habilitios, GREENBACKS AND GRAYBAOKS. When some ono spoke, during tho Senato dobntes on finance, of the lesson tanght by tho Confederate currency, o gifted Senator ex- plained that the groenback was “sealed with blood,” and was therefore aa good as gold. Lrreverent reference having been made to the fact that the ‘graybacks ” hod about as much. blood shed on them os tho greonbacks, it was further explained that blood spilled in de- fense of the Union had a certain occult in- fluence upon credit which was lacking in the case of goro from disloyal veins, Very few persons—roflecting persons—havo accepted this view of tho question’ We notico that the rag-papor press is shy of references to tho history of Confederate currency, Yesterday wo printed a partial history of tho issue, declino, and fall of the grayback, and supple- ment it with some farthor details hore, In 1861, the National Bank Noto Company of New York printed $100,000,000 of ono. year Confedorate notes, in denominations of not less than $40, This issue was at first nearly at por, A year afterwards, it passcd at 2 conts to the dollar, Moanwhile, fresh issues wore poured forth, Tho printing presses ‘made monoy ” at a groat rate. Col. Buanton Duncan, who helped to beat the Democratic candidates in 1872 by setting up o& Bourbon sideshow, helped to beat tho South by supplying its de-facto Government with measureloss quantities of rag-money. ‘The currency he supplied was adorned with various émblomatic vignettes, one of which, as he wrote the Confoderato Secretary of the Treasury, ‘ reprosents the South rising in its might ond striking down the North and crippling the caglo.” The backa of nearly all these notes were originally white, but handling soon oxchanged them to a dingy gray, whence the namo which was applied to them, Whon the currency got so far down that nobody knew how little it was worth, the Richmond financiers tried on expedient which bad been resorted to in the case of the Colonial ‘ Continental currency,” the French asslgnats, and the Austrian legal.tendors,~and alwoys with the same result. It is on tho principle of a hair of tho dog that bit the patient, Axnow batch of notes was printed, in which tho old ones woro to bo redeemed at two-thirds of their faco-value. Bat of course the new and old ran o rncoin depro- elation, and were soon oqually valucleas. ‘Then tho presses wore set at work again, ‘The laws providing for thoisaue of “ money" “woro so many and # complicated that there was practically no limit to tho amount set afloat, Itis gaid that the Secretary of the ‘Treaaury did not know tho Agurea. It be- came iinpowible to sign the graybacks fast enough in the Department, and several thousand young women of Richmond wora employed, who took shoets of notes to their homes, signed thom with whatever name was needed, and brought the stuff back, Prices wont soaring hoayeuward asthe pur- chasing powerof the currency dropped in the other direction, Mr, Groncy Oauy Eoorzs- ‘ton tellg, in “ A Robel’s Recollootions,” of o friend of his who sald, ‘ Beforo the War, I went to markot withthe money in my pocket, and brought back my purohases in » basket ; now I take the dionoy in the basket, and bring the things home in my pocket.” The, Joab was Uterally tros, ‘The Post-Oflice olarka at Richinond resigned beeanse thoy could not live on their salaries of 350,000 a year in Confederate greenbacks. A barrel of flour brought £1,000. Mr, Eacrrsroy saw a pair of boots sald for $509. ‘ho price asked was 00, but change could not be mado, and the purchaser handed over his $500 bill, saying : “ Keep the chango ; I nover lot a little mat- ter of $200 stand in the way of atrade.” Buy- ing in the markets to sall ngain was forbidden under heavy penalties, in order to keep prices as low as possible, Finally, gold rose to 12,400 por cont premium, ‘Tho “ money" becamo absolutely valueless. It wns uo longer a standard, Nothing could be mena- ured with it, ‘Tho community fell back to the barbarism of bartor. A physician was paid by his planter-patients in corn. Students paid their tuition-fees in provisions. The very taxes were collected in corn, tobacco, eggs, chickens, and sweet potatocs, ‘Tho Confederate enrroncy was issued by a community which numbered between ten and twelve million people, controlled a rich aren of 750,000 square miles, had a prac- tical monopoly of tho product of ono of tho fow great staples,—cotton,—and hod a boundless faith” in “resources,” itself, and its success, Everything which the shin- plaster enthnsiasts of to-dny wish to use as the basis of currency—" resources” of tho country and goneral ‘faith "—nabounded at the South. But the one essential thing, pro- vision for its redemption in gold or its equiv. alent, was wanting. All else was of no avail, Before the Confederacy collapsed its currency waa worthless. It mndo ‘ money 50 ‘ensy * to get that nobody wanted to keep it, for it was easior every day, and would therefore buy less to-morrow. The grayback is o frightful warning to tho greenback-inflation schemes now rife in the North, ENGLAND AND RUSSIA, The Central Asin question has apparently boon settled, nt least for tho time being. England will offer no opposition to Russia’a advance up ton certain point. The leading editorial in the London ines of the 12th inst. says so, and saya it with a tone of on- thority. Leadeni in tho ‘’hunderer are apt to be “juspired,” and this one is an evident caso of outside influence, It is not ono of thoso ‘terrific Suras” which Dean Stanuey lately eulogized. It is not—to uso his pom- ‘pous phrase again—* composed with ail the tension snd energy of a crouching tiger.” In fact, it suggests nothing moro tengo and onergetic than a crouching cow,—which is somowhat of 8 metamorphosis for John Bull, who fought the Russian bear in 1858, and worked himself up into a fury, a few short months ago, whon the possibility of Rnussia’s advancing towards the British frontior in Asia was meraly suggested. Now the Uhundorer rears us os gently as a ducking dove. “ Onr Govern- mont cannot,” it says, “bar the way.” Dis- patches have no eficct upon tho Russian Foreign Ofice, and armed resistance to Rus- sian troops would be “sheer madness.” Moreover, ‘* it would bo only one degres less foolish to invite a gront war at present by planting the outposts of India at Horat.” So Great Britain is to fold her hands and keop still, while kingdom after kingdom, princi- pality after principality, falls into Russia's omnivorous maw, ‘Lho only courso of action opon to her, says tho Zimes, is to extend rail- ways throughout her Northwestern Hindoo provinces, to obtain completo control of the present frontier, to cultivate friendly relations with Afghanistan, and to keop up the army and novy for future use. As long as Russia does not swallow Afghanis- tan, India is in uo particular dangor. It is England's policy to maintain a belt of noutral territory around hor frontiers, It is a con- venient way of kcoping 9 powerful noighbor atadistanco and of providing protexta for oucroavhing upon o woask neighbor. Tho sham oxouso for picking tho present quarrol with Burmah was, that tho latter had inter- fered with o barbarous tribe inhabiting tho Anglo-Indian and Burmese frontiers, Can England, howovor, preserve Afghanistan from Russia and so keop the neutral territory on her northwestern frontier unless sho fights for it? It is doubtful, ‘he singlo province of Merv lies between the Russian outposta and Afghanistan. Its fato is suro, Can Tussig bo oxpected to stop with its acqui- sition? Afghanistan is too tempting a prize to be resisted, especially whon tho only power vitally interested in its proservation talka about the “sheer madness” of intor- foronce, and proclaims that its own “ safost”” .policy is ono of ‘masterly inactivity.” BUSINESS-HOURS IN AMERICAN CITIES. It is o familiar fact that the Amorican peo- ple work border and more hours than any other pooplo in the world, ‘ho remark ap- plies particularly to the professional and bus- inesa men, Tho moneyed mon, proprietors, and honds of houses never got throngh work, They scarcely stop for meals, which are gulped down og if thoy wore the direst no- ceasity, and then they carry their busincsa home with them at nights, badgoring thoir fomilies and robbing thomsclves of sleep, rest, ond recreation, ‘these ore habits that can only be corrected, if ever, by social and odu- cational influonces, in which womon, booka, music, the drama, painting, and art and cul. ture of overy kind will play an important part; and, with a greator interest in intel- lectual, esthetic, and social ploasures, the vico of over-work will in time bo largely abated. But, meanwhile, there is a large class of peo- ple who ore made to suffor from over-work ns an incident of the goneral practice of our money-getters, ond without tholr reward. ‘These oro the clerks and omployes in our re- tail stores of all kinds,—dry goods, hata and caps, boots and shoes, grocerios, and all fur- nivhing and supply ahopa, There fs no es tablished limit to the working hours in our retall business, no gonoral system, and but little rogularity, Every shop is governed ac- cording to the particular whinis of its owner, end the hours rango all the way from ten, tho smallest number, to fourteen and Aftecn out of overy twenty-four, ‘Iheso hours are beyond the onduranca of human capacity, and are st once opposed to the physical, so- cial, and moral welfare of the commuuity in which thoy obtain, “The clerks ond employes in retall shops are moro to be pitiod than any other olosa of working people. Thoy are poorly paid; they hold their places upon a frail tenure; they are contined too long in an unhealthy em- ployment; they are bullied by their em. ployers and snubbed by the customers, It is true that thoy aro to o large extent respon. aibje for their own troubles, ag everybody i, ‘The disinclination to manual labor, the fond- ness for city life, the slothfal character of the employment of “waiting” behind a counter, the lack of intellectual and educa- tional qualitications,—all combine to swell the ranks of tho retail clerks, and the aupply is go much groater than the deo mand thet the shopkeopors moy dictate their own tenms, As @ consoqusnse of those conditions, tho retail clerks submit to the most humiliating espionage, the most wear ing hours, and a succession of indignities nnd extortions to which no other class ia anbject in anything like the “same degree, While mechanics and Inborers have their trades. unions and combinations for protection and resistance, the clerks can do nothing but subinit. Astrike among retail clerks is nover heard of, for, if they should step out, thoir places could ho filled by others at n foment's notice, who will be equally competent after a brief experience, So long as these rela: tions exist between retail employers and em- ployes, the Intter can searecly hupe to do much for themselves, At tho samo time, the helplessness of the rotail employes to do anything to better their own condition collectively should not subject them to unreasonable exactions, The em- ployers owe somo accountability to the gen- eral sanitary, social, and moral Inws of tho community, To roquire their people to work fourteen hours a day is a violation of all tha recognized Jaws of health and cthics, Wo question very much whether tho retail shops inereaso their business at all by keeping open till 10 or 1L o'clock at night, while their ox- Penses nro increased in a varicty of ways. They can only supply the demand, after all, and this may be supplied equally well in fewer hours, by hnving it generally understood that all purchases must be made between 8 o'clock-in the morning ond 6 o'clock in the evening. Certainly tho shops should not bo kept open after that hour, Tho people who do their shopping in the evenings now will soon accustom them. selves to doing it in tho daytime, and the orders that aro now filled at night, after coming from the conntry round about, may as well bo supplicd during the day. ‘The em- ployes, and particularly tho women clerks of our retail stores, aro entitled to this con- cession, In the caso of women who wait upon counters, tho rulo is thnt thoy shall not sit even when disengaged. The dilferenco in their physical organism renders this regula. tion oppressive and debilitating in tho highest degree, aud, if extended beyond cight or nina honrs, ft can scarcely Yail to, bo ruinous to tho health, ‘Thero has long been a movement among tho rotailors for closing earlier, and not keop- ing open at all after what used to bo entled onrly candlo-light. This movement has been retarded by tho sharpness of the compctition among tho rotailers, which induces each of them to make desperate efforts to got o slight advantage of his rivals in businces, But some pressure ought to be brought to bear which will induco a combined agreement to close the retail shops for the day at 6 o'clock, If this can be done, nono of. the retailers will make any sacrifice; thoy will all soll as many goods as before; their employes will do bet- ter work while they ore enynged; and tho goneral health and culture of the community will be imineasurably improved. : WHY GREENBACKS ARE BELOW PAR. We print a letter from a correspondent at |. Collinsville, in this State, concerning somo questions of fact in relation to the supposed contraction of the currency, and in relation to o seeming paradox in relation to the com- parative values of groenbacks and bonds, In tho first placo, ‘fue True asserted that there had beon no practical contraction of the currency since the amount of the greonbacks was reduced in 1867-68 from four hundred millions to three hundred and fifty-six milliora of dollars, From 1863 to 1865, tho period mentioned by our corre. spondent, thero wero issucd,, in ad- dition to tho greenbacks, forty-four millions of onc-yenr notes in 1863; ono hun.. dred and sixty millions of two-year notes in tho samoyear; two hundred and sixty-six mill- ions of compound-intorest notes in 1863-'4; and also certificates of indobtedness to a vory large amount. ‘Theso wore all issued'as short bonds, and all bore intoroxst until paid, and wero all fundable inthe bonds of tho United States, Thoy were all practically intorost- bearing bonds at short dates, and were avent- ually funded in long-dato bonds. Thoy may havo passed for currency, just as 6-20 bonds now do somotimes, ‘The differonce betwoor them and greenbacka was that they bore interest and were exchangeable for gold bonds, and almoat as rapidly as they wero is. sued went into the form of bonds, i Our correspondent is mistaken in sup- posing that wo attribute the dopreciation of greenbacks to their not being ‘ considered as very secure.” The trouble with them is that thoy boar no interest and are not re- doemable, However paradoxical it may scom that tho bonds, which ropresent flvo- aixths of tho publio debt, aro nbove par in gold, while the groonbacks, which represent ono-sixth only of the debt, aro doprociated, it becomes vory simplo and clear when it is ro- membered that the bondg boar interest which is paid, while the greonbacks boar no intarost. ‘Tho “ foith” of tho Govonfmont has nothing todo with it; it is tho porformancoin the ene caso, and the non-performance in tho other, that causos the diiferonce in the values of tho two forme of sccuritios, If the Gov. ornmont would stamp on the greonbacks a promise to pay 5 per cent interest thereon an- ually in gold, they would at once riso to tho valuo of the bonds. While if tho Governmont should suspond paying intorcst on the bonds, and rofuso to make any provision therefor, the bonds would very soon fall to tho lovol of the groonbacks, It is not faith in tho ability of tho Govornment to pay clther greenback or bond that causes the difforence in the valuo; thia is due to tho fact that in tho case of the groenback the Governmont refuses to redcom according to its promise, and in the caso of the bond the Government does meot its promise to pay tho intercst in coin semi-annually, Tho Govornment owes to its oreditora a debt; part of that dobt is on timo notes bearing ititoreat which is regularly paid; and that form of doubt is equal in value to gold. Tho other part of tho debt is domand* notos which ore not paid on demand, which are not bearing interest, and.no provision made for their payment ; ond this form of tho debt is below par, and worth only what the streot-broker will give for it, Gen. Toowas Ewrxa has been trying his hand on the oarroncy question in a* speech at Ironton, O, Thero are some passages in his harangue which aro diffoult of compro- henulon. For instance; He first argues the imperfection of s currency of bank-notes re- deamable in coin, He next laya down the proposition that our want is nots currency that shall bo “the money of the world,” nor ‘‘the equality of our paper dollar with our gold dollar,” but ‘‘ tie stability of the rolation of the ourrency to gold.” Buta worse than Chineso puzzlo comes in right at this point. How is the stability of tho relation of curven- oy to gold to be obtaincd or maintained unless the currenoy is redeemable in gold on demand? How is the currency to be kept ob the same values as colo Ewina contomplates nothing of the kind. On tho contrary, ha advocates tho emisaion of limitless greenbacka, without making any provision for redemption, Ho says ho is for stability of value ina curroncy which in tho naturo of things is unstable in valuc, be- onuso it ia inconvertible, Ho demands expan. sion, no redemption, and atability of value! Gen, Ewina knowa these aro contradictiona and impossibilities ; but ho regards his Buck. oye audience as composed of ignoramuses who are incapable of purceiving his sophisms and absurdities, No doubt many of his hear- crs aro simple-minded, illiterate men, ensily imposed upon; still, there is another clase who can think and reason, and these must be disgusted with lis dumnagogism, The New York nowspnpers and dispatches seem to bo singularly ont of the way in ree gard to tho influence of tho Dunoan, Suxn- man & Co, suapension in the West, Ono dia- pateh saya, on the authority of the President of the Shoo and Leather Bank, that many houses inthe Western States will suffer con- siderably. There docs not seom to be any warrant for this statement, We pointed out yesterday morning that tho business of the firm was moro Inrgely with the Sonth and in Southern staples than in anything else, Tho later dovclopments fully confirm this viow, and their lossos io cotton are now reported as high as $1,000,- 000, The reports from London aro to tho effect that the suspension has had no ap- preciable effect on the goneral market, and the foreign creditors scom to bo almost fully secured, Itis possible, howover, that tho do4uward tendency of cotton will bo acceler ated for tho time being ‘by the announce. ment of this failure, and some failures among the cotton imanufacturors and deators of En- gland inay Le made known, of which the Dun- oay & Sienstan suspension will be the occa- sion but not the cause, As far as tho Weet ia concerned, the failure will not havo the slightest effect. Somo weoks ago a cil $1,200 in o thieves’ den on ‘Thirty-soventh streot, He was soon afterwards appronched by two detectives who promised to got him tho money if he would pay them $200, ‘ho victim went toa Captain of Police, whowould do nothing. Tho Captain is on intimate friend of one of the detectives, After trying for two months to get redross, the cilizon made affidavit before ano of the Polico Com- missioners and the Superintendent to these facta, Everything was promised him; noth- ing was done. A third detective after- wards admitted that be know’ who had the money, but he declined to do anything about it because “it would be intorfering with other poople’s business.” A lost vain appeal was mado to a Captain, and then tho victim gavo up in despair and pock- eted his loss, All this bapponod in New York. But it might have happonod in Ohicago, snd coun- torparts of it doubtless have happened hero Tho Now York Police Department is run aso political and money-making machine, So is ours, It is in a semi-longuo with the knavish classes, Soisours, The men appointed to pravont crime and prevont criminals enconr- age the first and protect the second, in New York and here, 5 Tho organ of ‘ehinplaster-Inflation and the reyonuo spolistion sooms to ba a closa reader of Tue QOurcaco Toisune. Wo aro glad to note thie, because thera is hope that i¢tmay be oventu- ually convorted from its intentional orrors, and led away from its evil ways. The minute and particular attention which that journal givos to everything ‘ux Lumone prints waa illustrated yeatorday, whou it raked out a couple of son- tepeos written by ono of our Wisconsin corre- pondonte, and devotos most of = column of losding oditorial to its considoration. Tho ex- tract from tho corrospondent’s letter eMcornod ox-Sonatoc Canrenten, wo bolieva, and ‘Tax 'Turspys was soundly forated in progs and yorso for its alloged troatmont of that gentleman. We long ndmired tho brilliant talents of tho ex-Sonator, and holpod originally to elect him. Dut ho commit- ted faults, and we found it impossible to indorsa tho whole of hia Congressional record, and sald ao, and the people of Wisconsin also said so and acted upto it. Just now he ia doing penanco for his waywardnesa and light-headeduoss in public life, and he will undoubtedly como to tho front again, after a while, « better ond moro usefal man, Wo have had occasion to approve of much that Mr. Canpznten has done long boforo tho frler-Ocean waa conceived mn sin and brought: forth in iniquity, and shall probably havo occa- sion to do the same thing lougafter it hauceased its offorts to load people astray. At all ovente, ‘Tur ‘Taimone intends to oxerciso its ancient prerogative of independent criticism of men and tholr records, and to accord tha samo Hborty to its hundreds of corroupondenta. If tho’ 2-0. don't like it, what docs it propose to do about it? a Among the other problems of civilization now agitating tho Japaueso is that of womon's rights, and it appoars to them full of danger, Ouo of tholr writors claiins that tha power of the wifo is gronter thou tho huaband, and says: ‘Wo wilt point out examples of this, In going through a door the wife pauses Ost aud tho husbaui follows her; the wife takea tho best west and tho hus- band the nozt best; in visiting, the wife is tirat salut- vd; in forme of address, the Wife 1a Sxst montioned, Moroyer, whtie mun are {n the company of indiva thoy mat bo particular in thelr conversation, and are not permitted to smoke wituout the Indica’ pormission be> lug tirat obtained, These and like custows are iuuum. otuble, aud the power of the women is far greater than shat of the men, ‘Tho writor allnded to soca nothing but danger in theo practioos, and warog the learned mon of Japan to take them into consideration, ‘ othor- wise tho powor of the other scx will grow gradu- ally, and oventually bocomo so overwhelming that is will ba impossible to control it.” And ho adds, in bitterness of apirlt: “Ye learned mon, what are your viowa?” If theso triflos disturb the eeronity of tho gentle Japauose, what would be thelr conditlon of mina if thoy had Sovan B. ANTHONY among them for a short time, and bad atadte of the roal article of womon'a rights ? ‘What would their loaroed men think then? es Ting-revora will ptoasn roed and ponior the following true story: A party of convivial gon- tlomon, who had beon imbibing frooly, wished to light thelr clgera, One of thom twiated a dollar bill into a tapor, held it to the gas with an aur of bravado, and wsed it as alight, Ascoand, notto be daunted, used a fivo-dollar bill in the same way, A third burued # ton-lollar uote. Tho fourth of, the quartetta took a chock-book from his pockot, wrote check for a thousand dollars, tore it out, and used itas a clyarlight. How much pooror was ho forthe traneaction? Wor- shipors of the greenback will please remember, in proparing thelr answers, that the cheok ‘‘rep- resented” money, aud waa made out of the ma- terial of their pet money, It was money, then, and thla man paid a thousand dollare Zor bis ol- garlight,—didn’t he? od Bomo literary items of interest are farnished by the foreign correspondents -in recent letters, Gzouox Extor la ealdto havea now novel almoat ready for publication, It promises to be equal to * Middlemarch ™ ta corta'n uirections, though it will probably be loss ** popular," > Will be loos of amtory-book, My. Joun Fouetea ia en- goged on a Life of Swirt anda now edition of hia works, A translation of Mr. Sara’ Uttle book ou “Belf-Help” has rooently appeared io Dutob, and excited & great mmag the unloss it in convertible into coin? Tut Gen," Catholics, who have discovarod In its kind word or two for tuther, and also an allusion to tho murdor of Writtast tho Silent bya Catho lie fanatic. Dramatic literature in Gorman is al aetandstill, Tho Committes appointed to award tho prizo for the bost drama written within tha lant threo yoars, according to tho fonndation of the German Emperor, have decided that no work presentod was worthy of such a dinttuetion. Honator Sontnz collected considerable material for bie political hintory of Amorica during hit reaidonce in Hortin, Atina ‘Trtacrerav'a Inet novel, ‘Miss Angel," is waid to show tracce of hor father's gonins. aes ‘The joys of Jeruanton are perhaps exapgere ated in cortain popular hymna on tho theme, Tho latest enjoyable occurrouco thora ecoma ta have boon an ecclosiastical row botwoon somo Groek Christiana and Armenian Christians, ‘Tho two vote of priesta mot in a chapol erected over what ig supposed to bo the footprint of Christ. Instoad of following in the footstops of tho Redeemer, the priestly foot woro at onca omployed in kicking bodies bolonging to ather Priests, Tho two mobs pounded each othor with such fury that a company of inidel Turktsh soldiers liad to bo vont to separate thom, Ona of tho combatanta, romemboring tho fato of tha ear of the high-pricst’s soldior, doxtorously gouged au oyo out of ono of the Turks, This wanthe chief casualty, although some of the Private were badly hurt. It ia not surprising, herhapa, that tho task of converting Turkoy is a slow one, ‘The carthly Jorugalon is soarcoly the ideal ** happy home.” ——__+—____ Street-cara ara becoming popular tn Paris, Thore are somo rensons why thoy slould bo a0, although their introduction 19 of recent dato, and tho pecplo are not accustomed to using them, Parisian {dean aro eo peoulisr, Tho cara thro are not allowed to carry moro passengora than can bo comfortably seated,—tha old systom in vogue with the omnibus-linca boing applied also tothe new cars, or tramways, ax thoy aro called. The platforms havo movable bars to prevent passengers from falling off. In Amori- ca, a8 ovorybody knows, tho railway officialy would rather have the passengers tumble off than not, aftor thoy havo paid their fares. A line of cara managed on thoao old-fogy princi- ples would be s curiosity in an Amorwan city, and would doubtloss alarm tho peuple quite aa much as tho tramways did tho inhabitants of Dreadou and Paris on firet boing introduced, Se. A kind word for Mosars. Moovy and SaNzer, coming from auch a man as Moncung D, Cox- way, ia doubly kind. Mr. Conway is, in rollge ious og in political mattors, an extreme “ Lib- oral.” Zo hag little wympathy for the moroly Krotesquo features of the American revivalists” work, and itis as much to his credit aa to thoira that ho can find it in his hoart to writo ag ho docs to tho Cinciunatl Commercial : I wit aay this for Moopy : be has done the most in- censaut and ardudus work ; to tho beat of my knowl- edge and Lellef, ho has uot'been paid for it in Britta old, und will not be; and, though his mission to Laine don has been n failure, wo far as Lie aim waa concerned, there having been’ no ruvival thereat all,—ho baw done & gvod sorvico in showing wp a great deal of decorous hypocrisy and humbug by tha coutraat into which it has ecu brought by an honest, outspoken, unflluching, logical publication of Christian dugmag ‘with one tongue instead of the usual two, — ee ‘This is too hard. If any city in Aworica de serves credit for putting a Bunday Lectura Socioty in successful oporation, Clicago doacrves it, Thoidos waa Chicago's own, taken diract from a high Englieh authority ; and Chicago will not submit to having hor work unrecognized. Yot tho New York Tribune sayy it was St. Louis that first organized a Society of this doscription. Why, the St. Louls Aasocistioa was founded by Chicego; ita infant lungs wore expanded by Chicayo wind; and itis oven now reosiving in- struction from Chicago, and profiting by the resulta of Chicago oxporionce. Tho Now York journal is unjust when it givos St. Louis pnority in this mattor, and sovere whon it closea with the curt remark: Chicago bas = somowhat uimilar Association.” ——_-___ Returns thus far received from tho New York coneus Warrant tho prodiction that the total ine croase of population tn the Btato in five yeara will bo shown to be 600,000, Thechiof growth of population has been at and around contres of manufactur, like Coloce, Elmira, Salamanca, Howalleville, Binghamton, Albany, Troy, Syra- ense, Mochester, and Baffalo, Nivor and canal towns, such 58 Ponghkeopsie, Newburg, Hudaon, Uties, Lookport, Oswego, and Ogdensburg, have remained almoet or quito stationary, and tho agricultural rogions havo gonorally declined. Now York ja thus taking place with all the oldcr States, which are losing country aud gainin town population, according to woll-rocognized principles of political economy. OBITUARY, THE BT, REV. CONNOP THIRLWALL. The cable yostorday morning brought the ine tolligence of tho death of the Rt. Rev, Connor TurmiwaLt, Bishop of St. David's, England. Ho was born in 1797, at Stepnay, in te County of Middlesex, snd studied at Trinity College, Cam- bridge, whoro for womo tims he remaiued aa & tutor. Ho firat ombracod the profession of tho law, and was recoived ag an advcoate by the Boclety of Lincolu's Inn. After three yoars of practicaho abandoned tho profession, atudiod theology, and in 1828 became a ministor, His firat Reotorship was that of Kirby-Undordalo, in Yorkshire. Ho was also colebratod aq s fino ort connoisseur, and waa nominated examiner in these departmenta ia tho Unlyoraities of London and Cambridge, In 1810 he was olovated to the Eplacopal sont of St, David's, which gavo him the rank of Peer, In the samo year he published his groat “ Miatory of Grooco” in eight volumes, which gavo him « wido-spread reputation in Europe, and by which also he is ‘Dest known in thia country, In tho House of Lords he bas uauaily voted with the Liberal party... ATUANASE JOaUE COQUEUEL, Almost asimultancously with the death of TuintwalL comes tho intelllgenco of the death of the ominent Fronch Protestant clergyman, Avuanane Jose Cogurnzt, who will be remem- bered jn this country as one of the prominent members of the Evangelical Alliance which ret in Now York yoar or two ago. Mo was born af Amsterdam in 1820, atudicd theology at Genova and Strasbourg, and waa ordained in 1643 at Nimes, Ho was made Chaplain of the Collogo Honri IV, in 1848, and later of tho Chaptal College, which placa he- held Awenty years. Tho OConsistory of Parls appoiut. ed him Asuistant Pastor in 1450. He sucoeoded his father as editor of tho Lien, and aftorward of the Nouvelle Keoue ds Theologle,—a roviow in which of Renay's Lito of Josus," in 1663, cost him his position, the Paris Conaistory suspend- fog him, while the Anduze Cousistory expressed their sympathy with him. In 1853 he was deco- rated with the Croaa of the Legion of Honor, dn 1807 he lectured againut tho doctrinal authors ity of the Apostlos’ Creed, andin 1871 visited this country and lectured {a souso of the princl- palcities, Among the works which hoe haa loft are; Deg Boaux Arts on Italie au Point do yuo Religioux " (1867); Jean Calay et oa Fam- ilo” (1858); ** Prooia de I'istoico de l'Eglisa Reformees de Paria". (1802); ‘*La Conscience ot le Fol” (1867) ; and “ Librea Etudoa" (1808). WAAC MERRITE BINGER, Isaao Muourrt Stvagn, who died in London & tow days ago, was the inventor of the sowiny- machine which boars bia name. Hoe wae bora ab Owego, N. ¥., in 1811, aud first came into pub- Us notice In convection with the inyontion sud manufavture of the slugle-throad, chain-atlich machine, which in a short time yielded bim * fortaue, He apent tho laut fow yeara of his lite in Paria and London enjoying his money. The Toledo papers recall tho fact that in 416 he was the proprietor of *'A Groat Moral Drama,” abe der the uame of I. 8. Mexiurr, deaigued to lle Instrate the vico of intoxication, iv which he be- came a beokrupt. Subsoquontly ho went into the business of manufacturing wood type, his pétiner making them and he peddling them eumnGea a