Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, July 24, 1875, Page 4

THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, JULY 24, 1875.— PAGES. ,mw TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. BATTA OF ZUPACTIPTIUN (FAYABLE IN ADVANCE). I'ontage Frepnld nt tlila Omee. 9 B ambieatinetor 0,00 Tarta of a sear sl the sama rate, WaxTRD—One active agent in esch town and village, Bpecial arrangements made with such, Kpecimen copien sent froe, ‘To pravnnt delsy and mistakes, Lo Fure and give Por-Offico address In full, inclnding Stateand County, Tlemittances may bo mada either by draft, express, Poxt-Ofica ordor, or in registered Joiters, at aur risk, TERMN TO CITY BUBKCRIRERY, Dafly, Aellvered, Bundsy oscapted, 25 centa per woek, Datly, delivared, Sunday fnciuded, 30 cents por week, Address THE TRIBUNKE COMPANY, Oarnar 3atison and Desrborn-sts., Chicago, LiL AMUSEMEN FIOOLEY'S mATRB—mndn)rb street, between Cark snd La%alle, Kngagement of tho Unfon Square Company, *The Two Urphaus™ Afterncon and eveatng, ACADEMY OF MU Maaison and Nonroe, Wade. “Rory O'More ™ ans Aftornoon snd avening. o @he Chidagn Teibune, Baturday Morning, July 24, 1878. sisted street, belween gement of Robert Mo~ ¢ Dick Mit Dhroe Eyee.” WITH SUPPLEMENT. Greonbacks opened at 58], advanced to 894, but fell back to 81 at the close. Tho English Channel tunnel is in a fair way of taking definite shape. The British Houeo of Commons has already passed the bill with reforenco to this great nndertoking, and a cable dispgich of yestorday announces that the mensuro has passed ita second read- ing In tho Houso of Lords without opposition. A rmilar bill is now before the Fronch Assombly. There ig & lively municipal infant out West callod Kansos City, and the clothes usually gotten up for citios of tho third class will get badly ripped when they are trotted out to be put on tho Missonri youngster. Chicngo, romo time ago, had an nupleasant reminder of the hopoes of the nsw-born in the matter of Livo-stock businoss, Now, thonews comas of groat railrond lines making earnest efforts to socure early connections, and the sssertion comes from the place in question that four competing tracka of iron will goon strotoh be- twoeon thore and Chicago. Mr. Epwaro Young, the nble Chief of the Bureau of Btatistios of tho United Btates Trossury, hns rendered an imuiense rervice to the publio by preparing and publishing povernl statements showing in detail tho val. uesof domestic exports from the United States for each of tho ten fiscal yoars from 1821 to 1830, and for each year of the several do- cades from 1831 to 1870, and for 1571.'2-"3.", with the percentage which the value of each article of export benrs to the aggregate valne of the whole domestic’export. Tho informa- tion thus furnished in an official form hea long been dosired, and the accomplished Chief of the Buresn morita genoral thanks, In the lato horror at Towa City, where a steam pulping-tank cxploded in o paper- mill, sending six men into oternity, the pro- priotors kot up a plea which is of late very efficient in such cases—viz., that thers was Bardly any steam in the tank, but that the Kxziy motor happoned to got in one of its expulsions, and that, thereforo, gode and men ocould play only the pats of victims and spectators., The lamentations of the fntherless childron—sev- on in oo cnsp—and the impoverished. and heort-broken wives should arouse the proper sathorities to the prosecution of an obvions duty, and this Kxery motor ecxcuse, for the sake of future safoty, shonld be received with the coldest incredulity. Fisnan has succumbed to the inevitablo. When the Cabinot changes occurred which brought Msssrs. Bristow, Jewein, and Prusecont into thelr respective Dapart- ments Fismen's star began to wane, As the Diatrict Prosecuting-Attornoy he was not sat- factory to the exponenta of the now order of things, and his looso administration of his office mnde it an easy matter to huntup a bad record againat him. He was requested to rusign, but pleaded for an opportunity to vindiato himself, Thero was no objoction to this, but, ns n bottor man stood waiting to step into his shoes, it wns thought better to obtain Fisinn's resignation at once, that he might have the mare loisnre to clear up his clinracter, o8 it was computed that the Iatter job would occupy tha rost of his natural life. Thua is Fomes bounced, and the thres jcono- clasts of the ‘froasury, Poat-Office, and Law portlolios sucesed in shattoring one more brazon image, [ — The Monntuin Meadow mamacrs trial is fairly under way at Beaver, Utah, and the tostimony for the prosecution hes com. mencod. Prrrur Krrwoen Surri, s Mormon who waa present at the awful kcone, wai on the witness-stand yesterday, and the stary he tells murpusses in minuteness ony of the homible dotails which have been published herotofors.” The testimony of Burrm, who is maid to be a xan of unimpeachable integrity and verncity, locates the crime concluaively upon the Mor. mon leaders, and, unloss disproved by an overwhelming array of rebutting evidence, it erever sots at rest the story that the emigrants who wero butchered at Mountain Meadow perished at the hands of the Indians alone. Although eightesn years havo passed sinco the maseacre oocurred, the recital of ita awtul particnlars strikes with fresh force, and with the feoling of sick horror which comea ovor tho reader thers is mingled the righteous passion of vongeance, and o wish that the fato of the slaughtered women and children might be visited upon such of the Mormon flands as are etill on the hither sids’of hall e ———— The Chicago produce markets were fover ieh yesterday, most of thom weak, and some wers panicky, Moes pork was motive, and closed 62}c per brl lower, st §20.85 cash, and §21.05 for Beptamber. Lard waa quiet, and declined 450 per 100 1bs, closing at $13.50 cash, and $13.70 for Boptember, Meata were quiet and steady, at 8jo for shoulders, 12¢ for short ribs, and 12fc for short clears, Highwinea were in fair demand and stendy ot $1.17. Lake treights were loss active and unchanged, at 8o for corn to Buffalo. Mour waa quiet and unchanged. Wheat wea active, and declinad 7Tie per bn, cloging firmer, at 8125 oash or ualler August. Corn wes act- ive, and 8)@3Yo lowez, closing at 78jc cash, and 740 for August. Oats wero sotive, and 1i@140 lower, aloaing a4 400 for August, and 870 for Beptember, Iiys wasin faly demand ool fem wh T80 Lar August, Bailey was quist, and 2@2}0 lower, closing at £1.05 for Bep- tamber, Togs were active and strong at 1@ Lie ndvanco, with sales at $7.00@7,95. Cattle were quiet and unchanged, Sheop ruled dull At Thunsdag'n prices. The people of Cook County, having found to their cost that there a3 many things which the Board of County Commissioners enn do, will be interested in learning, upon excellent authority, that there is ouo thing the Board cannot de in the way of squander- ing the connty funds. Judge Fanwrrn, of tho Cirenit Conrt, having beon applicd to for on opinion on the mubject, hna given his construction of the law regulating snlnries, and it is to the effect that the Bonnd have no power to fix their own per diem, This opinion contradicts that given by dudge Ganv, of the Supremo Court, about a year ago, which wns bnsed upon that section of the Conslitution which empowers the Iloard of Comumission- ers to fix tho pay of * county officers,” Tho issue taken by Judge Fanwrry is, first, that tho members of tho Board, being clected from districts ond not from the connty-at- Iarge, are mot county officers within the meaning and intont of the Constitution ; and, second, that the statutes of 1872 arbitrarily fix the compeneation of County Commission- ors ot §2.50 per day, or one-half the per diem which the Cook County Board have voted themselves. matter under consideration, and it is to be hoped that a tost caso will he mndo, and the ‘The Grand Jury have the Iaw finally construed. Cook Uounty will ba glad of tho opportunity to reduce the salary of the Bonrd to the lowest limit which the law permits. Then, if suy of the Commis. sloner rosign, the tax-payers will have reason to be thankfi CURIOSITIES OF THE DEBT. The amonnt of fractional currency suthor- ized hy law is $50,000,000, but the cirouls- tion has nevor, wo beliove, oxceeded $46,. 000,000. suod, leas the redemptions. There have beon ‘This includes all that has boen is- four issnes of this ourrency, tholast or fourth irsuo being intended Lo replaco the former is- sies, which, ns they are received ot the Trens. ury, aro canceled, and new ones issued in their place. 'The fourth issue, we think, bo- gun in 1865, wo that ten yoars have passed during wbich tho United Btatos have been re- deeming the older issnes. From the state- ment of the publio debt we find that at the dntes givon there wero outstanding of the fractionnl currency as follows : First torne, Bevond fumu ‘Thiril fseus Fourth fusu Pir tae, Kecond i g Third ixane, 2,139 Pourlh fews 23,240,132 In the thres years and a half since Janu. ury, 1872, the total redemption of the first igsus has been but $55,918; of the second issue, 26,006, 1,541,964, leaving of tho three issucs out. standing £10,682,829. 1t is maro than prob- ablo that, of the first issus, four millions have been lost aud destroyed, of the second iasne two and a half millions, and of the third issue two millions, making an aggregate of 58,600,000 of these threo issues, Allowing two millions and o half of the fourth issue that will nover be roturned for redemption, ths aggregate of this currency lest and de. stroyed in tho hands of the people will be $£11,000,000. and of the third iwsve, .On tho 1t of July, 1870, there wers in- cludéd in the publio debt the following itoma: Debt prior tn 1837, fucluding interest, Treaaury notes priot 10 181 Treasury notes Treaaury notes of X7, Mozeas indemnity alock of 1Rt been claimed, and stand unchanged on the books of the Trowury. of othor items of public dobt which soem to Thore are also & number have been strangely negleoted by the holders, Thus, on the 1st of July, 1875, thero wers outatanding of the 530 bonds of 1863, called in by tha Government, and on which interest consed sovoral years ngo, no loss than £10,361,100, on which thero was over $50,000 of unpaid interest. indemnity stock, due in 18G{, the sum of $172,000 nevor claimed. Of the one-yonr notes which matured in 1865, over $66,000 Lave never been presented ; and of the two- year notos, matured in 1866, there aro §47,000 still outatanding, notes which bocame due in 1868, thers are There was of the Texna Of the compound-intarest 67,390, with $73,000 accrned intoreat, which have nover boen presented for pay- mont. About $i0,000 were presented during the last year. No less than $196,000 princi- pal and 814,000 intereat of tho 7-30 notes which matured in 1868 are still outstanding. The first Trensury notes issued during the War were those under the act of 1801, known 2s the domand notes, payablo in ocoin, and of those there are $70,000 yst outstand. ing, against 76,000 a year ngo. Of the tem. porary lonn made in 1664, which matured in 1866, there are bohds to the amount of §80,. 000 which have never been prosented to the ‘Trensury for redemption, It would be interesting to know what has bocome of themo evidences of debt. Intereat has censed on all this debt sinco maturity, Of course pome of it has been lost and de- stroyed by fire and by various accidents ; some of it has been ecarefully hoarded away in secret places by persons ignorant of the faot that it has ceased to bo productive, Thia probably is especially true of the compound. intorost notes, As the present holders die, these hidden securitiss will come to lght. The most important item is, however, the G-20 bonds, on which the inferest has censed, some oa long ngo s 1871, Who holds thesa bonds? How many of them havo beon dostroyed? The Toxas indernity stock originally amounted ta $5,000,000, and ma- tured in 1805, ton yoors ago, Who holds the $172,000 of that stock, on which nearly $10,000 intereet 1s due? Wore the bonds burned up during the War? were they and the owners lost at &oa? or why the long si- lence of ten years, duriog which the debt has earned no interest? e —— The dispateh from Washington printed in yesterday's issua of Tnx Tuinune relative to tho value of compound and ordinary marine engines as to wpeed and power satis- factorily scttles a question of more than ordinary interest. The Burean of Bteam Engi- neering of the Navy Department, after expori. menting for two years with the engines of the Swatars, Plymouth, and Omaha, finds that the Swataru, during its recent cruisa round the world, in which it used the compound engine, obtained & one-horse power with 24 pounds of coal per power, although uaing coal of an Inferior quality, which tho Plym. outh and Omaha, which have the common engines, obtalned the same power at an ex~ penditure of 5§ pounds of coa!, showing that, In palat of soonomy a8 well aa in sposd amd power, the compound engine than twice ns effective as the com- mon, ‘The differonce of construction in the engines sufliciently explains the auperiority of the one over tho other, In the singlo oylinder, aftor the piston has heen foreed to the Lottom, the stonmn is nllowed to escapa throngh a valve into the air or con. denser, although it still retaing (say) one-half of its power, The compound engine utilizea this slenm, instend of wasting it, by running it into onother and larger oylinder, where tho remninder of pressuro is sccured, so that with the samo amonnt of fuel twico the power i8 obtained. It is ono of theso power. ful engines which has been coniracted for by the Board of Public Works fay the Waler. Works in this eity. ‘I'his style of engines is now being placed In all ocean-going steamers, not only on acconnt of their great cconomy, but for their effectivencss in rough weather aud storms, innsmich ns they maintain the speed of the vessel oven in sovero storms, whon vessals with the ordinary engines have to lny to or are nnnble to mako any material headway. is more THE BREAK IN THE GRAIN MARKET, As ontsiders who have watchod tho grain and produce markets of this conntry, without any personal interest on either side, must have anticipated, there came A very serions bronk yesterdny. There was at one timo a decline of 8§ conts in whoat and $1.25 a bar- rol in pork. There was a pnuic, and tho staples went up and down in the most con- fusing and deworalizing way, The trouble is that tho speculntive tendency got tho better of tho cooler julgment. All the circum. stances that led to tho recent rise in wheat were exnggerated. The wot woather had not tho real influence with which it was accred- ited. It wos too early for rain to seriously threnten the foreign crops. Their harvesting scnson had not como, ond water was a for- tilizer and stimuolant instead of o relardant. This wns felt and appreciated in New York soveral dnys ngo, but not in Chicsgo nor the West generally. Some days ngo the buying of whent for shipment came to n standstill, in spito of the low freights that have boen ruling. Wheat has boen rolatively higher in this market than in New York, and oven in Liverpool, notwithstand- ing the upward tendemoy roported from England as & consequence of the prognostication of spoiled ecrops in Turope, Yot, notwithstanding this evident balt in tho forward movement, the specula- tivo prices were maintained here. It is said that before tho opening of the Board yestor~ day moruing, men wers going aronnd to the oflices begging for wheat at almost any price, and that $1.31) was actually paid. Yot the Board was no sooner oponed than the market broke, and thore ware sales 10 conts below that figure, Suck n break only shows theun= reasonablo thoughtlessmess of the specalators, which is illustrated whether the tendency ia downward or mpward, Thoy butt as stub- bornly as goata ogainst facts, and yet run liko sheen when the faots aesert thoir force in spito of them. The recent rise in the prices of brendstufls might have been tarned to tho ndvantage of Chicago and the whole West in a much greator degroa than has been the case. The true policy would have been to follow the Now York and Liverpool markets closely, ond to hurry tho grain forward as rapidly 88 possible, thersby taking advantaga of the speculative tendency alsewhers and of the cheap freights, Whent, at from §1.20 to $1L.26 hers, gives the farmer a good price, and at this range the shipment of the grain would not have boen stopped. Tho movemont wonld have stimn- Inted business thronghout the West, and Chi- cago would have been the principal beno- ficinry, There is yot time to innugurate and maintain this common-sense polioy, if the Board of Trade mon con regain their heads ; and by this legitimate policy of selling what they have to sell at o fair price, and making hay whilo the sun shines, thoy may reooup the losses incident to thoir rattle-brained folly. Itwill bo nocessary for them to ro. member, however, that prices aro not mado ond the market cannot bo fixed in Chieago, andif they make the crazy attompt—it docen’t matter much which way—they are sure to meet with loases, and do the West, both the producer and the factor, serious injury. HOPE FOR CUBA. The newa which came yesterday from ‘Washington relative to the probable change in the policy of the Administration toward Cuba {8 slmost too good to be truo. The only baosis for the statemont is, that the subject was under genaral disoussion in the Cabinet, and thatthe Natlonal Republicanprints an odi- torial on the Cuban situation, which is con- strued to have been juspired at the White House, which may or may not be so, _ Tt is time, howaver, that the United Statea Governmont should take somo stand in the Cuban matter. The time has come when this country should recognizo the Cuban pa- triots as belligeronts. The war commenced in 1808, and for more than soven years the BSpanish Government Las endeavored in vain to put down the revolution. ‘Cwo hundred thousand lives have already beon sacrificed by discasa and battle, and the Bpaniards have gained no headway, The first step cauld be taken by the Exeou. tive in insisting upon a fulfillment by Spailn of the various promises and pledges it has made in the courso of diplomatio relations, The Spaniah Government is still indebted to tho American Governmont both for apologles ond pettlements for injury to property in Cuba belonging to Amorichn citizens, and the embargoca put npon Cuban estates owned by Amorican citizens. Spain has been uni. formly dilatory, sapercilious, and exasper- oting in its treatmont of Awmerican protests and claims, Wae had experlence in long suf- fering at the handa of the Spaniards in the Virginios affair. The policy of tho Adminis- tration doring that sottlemont, as managed by Becretary Fsu, was not of a character to ropross Spanish hanghtiness or gain much re. spect for American rights and wishea. This goneral Exocutive polioy would be naturally followed up by Congress with the rocognition of the Cuban patriots as belliger- ents, and a formal demand that they be treat- ed in all respootslike any other people waging 8 war for what they deem theirrighta, There is little doubt but, by this meons, the succes- sion of cruelties, outrages, and barbarities that bave prevailed in Cuba for years, inn number and of & character that would have disgraced the Dark Ages, might be coutrolled, 6t loast in a4 far as Spanish savagory i3 con- trolluble by any power. Tho Cuban patriots are eutitlad to this recognition, and the moral force it will carvy with it, by reason of their long and herolo struggle. Thoy have made open war upen Spanish oppressjon for nearly aight years, At no time within that pericd bas the Bpanish Governmeat dsveloped.suf. folend powsr 0 orpsh oud tha tevolubion, On the contrary, in thia long stretch of guerrilla warfrro, charncterized by ont- lawism, pillagoe, incendinristn and masancre, tho Cubnn patriots kave been gaining in strongth and territory. They hnve davastated many of the richest portions of the island, and many of the estates which have been sparod owo thalr immunity to the fact that their owners are in sympathy. with the pa. triots, and secretly furnish them with monoy to continuo their struggle. Theao coutribu. tjons aro tho life of the rovolution. Thoy furnish the munitions of war and means of subsistence to the patriot troops. 'Thus the island may he divided into two parts,~one part of which in dovastated Ly the Cuban troops, and the otlier part of which furnishes the ways and means for this destruction of lite and property. It leaves Spain without an efficient native constituency anywhere in the island. Tho Spaniards aro practically confined to tho forts and fortifiod eities. Meanwhile one portion of Gnba is contribut- ing money and means for the destruction of the rost of the island, and betweon these two there is no other outlook than that of poverty and despair. The poople of the Unjted States cannot af- ford to stand by auod sca one of the fairest spots on oartl, from which we reccive tho bulk of our sugars, coffco, and fine tobneco, utterly dovastated in tho intercat of Spanish grandeca and for the porpstuation of human slavery, Every consideration domands thatthe carnage and incoudiarism in Cuba shall be stopped. 'The interesta of humanily demand it, since it hns becomo evident that Spain hns no intontlon of redecming ber plodge of mannmirsion to the Cuban slaves. Tho in. teresta of civilization demand it, since war- faro will resumo its savago characteristics if the Cuban outrages be countenanced. The intorests of commerce demand it, sinca the world cannot offord to sustain the loss of weanlth incident to the suspension of pro- ducing industries and tho actual destruotion of property in Cuba. The interosts of the American people sbove all demand it, since Spanish rule in Cube is maintained mainly for tho purpose of aexacting contribntions for the support of tho misarable Spanish Govern- ment, which are lavied chiefly in the shapo of discriminating duties ngainst the United States, There is no other Government on the faco of the oarth that would have endurcd 5o long o we have tho insulting and extor- tionate discrimination of Spain against American commerce, which at once oppresses the Cuban people and their most profitable customers. Thae manifest destiny of Cuba is * Home Rulo,” with an allinnce of friondship and commetco with the United States, The ful. fillment of this destiny may Le hastened by the United Btates Government in a docided chango of policy toward Spain with reference to Cuba, nnd without necessitating hostilities. The considerations of humanity and civiliza~ tion will prompt England and Germnany to enoourage and co-oporate with such a policy. There i8 no danger, bul overy hope and promiso in it fér the liberation of Cuba and the bonefit-of .American intarosts. We be- liove that o Westorn man oocupying the chaly of Becrotary of State would long since have spprociated this, and shapod his ends socord- ingly. Whatover tho next Administration may bo, and whoover may head it, we hope that the Becrotary of State” may ba callod from the West; but meanwhilo wo' should be glad to ses Gen. Granr sufliciontly overcome Mr. Fran's tendencies aa toquietly inaugurate the policy toward Cuba which is sure to bo adopted in this country soonor or later. MIOHIGAN CENTRAL BAILEOAD COMPARY, Mr. President J. F. Jox, of tha Michigan Central Railrond Company, in his able roport of the business’of the road for the year just closed, considers the exhibit na very unsatis. faotory, and this result ho attributes to the enforcod roduction of rates caused by the competitive struggle for business begun by tho Baltimore & Ohio Raflroad, and in which they afterwards wore involved. To the gon- eral publio we question whether the flgures showing tho earnings and business of the rond will appoar so unsatisfactory as thoy edem to Mr. Joy, who looks st them ss & Director and a stockholder, o= The earniugs of the Company for the year, ns compared with 1874, are given aa follows: Grous earnings, From passen; 1876, $2,818,100 4,447,838 1449 $7,102,288 e Falling off in net earnings, only.......§ 76,883 Whilo tho grosa earnings have fallen off @501,705, the operatingexpensos have declined 485,515, giving s the not loss in eamings 76,262, The complaint of Mr, Jox is, that the ratea of transportation have boon reduced, ond yet ho states the imporiant fact that the recoipts from through passsngers where the faros wore 8o largely reduced incronsed about $35,000; while the roccipts from local travel whore the rates were not reduced showed a losa of §44,000. Mr. Jor statos that tho tonnage moved on the Michigan Contral Road for several yoars wos as fol- He states that the ratos perton per mile were, in 1805, 8 6-100 conts ; in 1806 it was 2 00-100; in 1868 it was 2 0-100; in 1870 it wos 108.100¢ in 1872 it was 156-100; in 1874 it was 130-100; and in 1875 it was 110-100 cents per ton por mila. Evidently with some feelings of regret ha entera into on elaborate eatimate to show that if the Company could kave colleoted in 1874-'5 the Tate of frolght collected in 1805, the earnings wonld have boon $0,000,000 greator, and would havo been equal to no less than seven dividends of 5 por cont each, which hs puts down as “‘lost.” Ho makes the same esti- mata of the earnings which the Company wonld have recoived on the tonnage of 18745 hod the Company been ablo to colleat tho rates of 1870 or the rates af '78, Mr. Joy, in making this estimate, overlooks the very important considoration that the great increase in the- tonnsge moved, which has doubled since 1870, is mainly due to the roduction in the rates of transportation; and that, had the rates not been reduced, his ton. nage moved would have remained where it was in 1870, It is a question whether the stock. holders would have beon better ploased with moving 800,000 tons at 1 88-100 per ton per mile, a4 in 1870, or 1,650,000 tons at 1 16-100 per ton per mile, as in 1675, Al he has to do, howaever, is to rostore the rates of 1870, and the amount of tornoge will probably re. cede to what it was in that year, The Mich. igan Central Ruilroad Company during the 1adt yoar has, despite the general depression, earnad over {wo millions of dollary, to ba divided mmong its ownem; and this allows & protty falr dividend on the watered stock of & railroad owning and opesting about 700 milsof allwvay, That Company hias had &' goud thing for sovers! years, Its owners have no roason fo camplain. In 18645 it niad a capital stock of §0,600,000; in 1874-'5 it Ligs o capital stock of $18,600,000, Whilo incronsing its capital stock 200 per eent in ton yearw, it has, Lotween 1808 and 1873, paid cash dividends amounting to 53 per cent. 1If, in & season of panio and de. prossion, the net earnings only reach 11 per eent on stock which in ten years Los incrensed from six to ecighteon mill- jons, the mituation. is mnot mo deplora- blo and disheartening nor the calpmity wo distrossing as it might have been, particularly a8 Mr. Jov looks forward to an early increase of thu rates for transporting freight nod pas- sengors, when the Company ean havo tho goldon priviloge of doing the lonst possible business for the Iargost possible receipts. Mr. Jov sighs for tho good old ratesof 1863, whon he got over 8 centa per ton per milo for moving freight, and had less than 500,000 tons to move; and lamonts the fact that now when ho moves throe times the nmount of tonnage he is not permitted to collect tho samo rate por ton per mile. Tha public, who furnish the business nnd patronage of the rond, will not bo apt to sympathize very ardently in hie aspirationa. PIG-IRON KELLEY'S COMMURIBN, There has beon considerable curiosity mau- ifosted of lato to discover why Pig-Iron Kerrey has failod to turn up in the Ohio and Indinna campnigns to reinforce old Brin Avrex and the other rog-money inflationists, The Youngstown lcoture furnished the ren. son. In that harangue, this turgid doma- gogue sald: The ULankers of the country hold more green- backs than National liank notes, and more deposits than they ever had befors. Alresdy more mills, futnacos, forges, factoriea, and workahopas areidle than ever bofore, nod more honest lahoring men are living in want and despair than ever befora within the Hmits of the United States. Tools point to these deposits and way that money is sbundant, and call myself and those who sgree with me aans culottes, and Intimate that we are capable of the most strocious crimes that charss terizad the French Lovolution, They Aad better pavss befors veducing the working people to tha last measure af despudr, There is no los proparty in this conutry than there was in 186, but, by the juggling of the bullionists and the bondholders and their legralative oreatures, it hoa been concentrated o fower hands, The work of plundering the masses still goes on, and' {heg are beginnng to understand how it Ia being done, « « o+ 1warnyou, bankers and bullionists, that, un- lean you dealat from your plunder and robbing, s mob may ba at your doors and s kaifo at your throats, The above simply means Communism and confiscation, and ncither BrLu ArLex nor any other Obio rag-money demagoguo is yet ready to indorso Cominunism, even in theory, and Keruy's Communiem is only a thoory, ot least 50 far a8 he himeelf is concerned. ‘The Phil- adolphia carrespondent of the Now York ZTribune says : *‘ It may intorest people who are not familiar with the Judge’s circum- stances to know that he by no means belongs to tho class of the sans culottes who he pro- dicts will soon take capital by the throat, Ho lives in n handsome and spacious three- story villa, sarrounded by trim lawns and protty flower-gardens, situated in the half Tural puburb of Mantun, near the Centennial’ buildings, and, although not reputed wealthy, i3 obviously possossed of a comfortablo in- come.” Xxrrry, therefore, cannot bo classed 83 8" sans oulotls himself, and all' his bosh ‘about sacking banks and cutting *bankers' throats is simply tho bombastis ut- toranco of a windy demagogus, who wouts to mako his hobby of inflation a Presidential campnign issue, and thorefore soeks to scaro timid people who own any property with this Communistio bugaboo, Unabls to con- vince people, he is now secking to intimidate them with the huo and ery of the eans culoties, from whom, if thore wero any real danger in his throats, he would bo the first to fly. Communism would find an spplica. tion of its principles relative to % property quite as quickly as to that of any one else, and, once the sans qulottes were on the ram. page, tho “broechosless-patriots ® would mako short work of Pig-Iron Kzuixy's three- story villa, with its lawns and flower-gardons, To a sans culotte, o villa is a villa, whother it be Pig-Tron Kzrrxy'a or a banker's. Desporate as the inflationists are, they have not the couragoe to adopt Pig-Iron Krx- Lxx's politico-socinl propositions laid down in his Youngstown lecture, hence his absenco from Ohio and Indinna is deemed more poli~ tio than his presence, Tho sacking of banks, the mobbing of people who believe in honest monoey and do not beliove in watering the our- rency for tho banefit of speculative gam. blors, would not be a very palatable dootrine to preach in Ohio or Indiana. The Washington Ohronicls has' undortaken to anawer tho damaging charges of Prof.. Magsi relative to the troubles in-the Red Oloud Indian Agency, but the force of the answer is very materially weakoned by the fact that it is mainly a personal assault. The gist of the reply is that the agent Savirre, who iy about to be investigated, was appoint- ed upon the recommondation of the Ex. coutive Gommittes of the Indian Commineion of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and therefore that it is unfair to hold the Seere- tary of the Interior rosponsibls for hia char- actor, and that he ia not accountable for any of the other agents, for the reason that it 'is impossible for him to personally visit and in. spoot the condition of the resarvations, The Ulroniels further says In seying this, we do not wish {0 be understood as vindicsting the mausgement of the Indisn servics, That frauds exiat, snd will continue to exist, despita the most earnmt offorts of the Beoretary of the In- terfor and the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, we entertaln no doubt. The fsult is iuherent in ths system, *The fault is not inheront in the mystem, but in the men who manage the system ; and it tho men who manage the system are dis- honest, then honest men should be appoint- ed ; and if the Becrotary of the Interlor can- not find honest men, then wo shounld have -a Bocratary of tho Interior who can find honeat men ; and if neither of theso things are pos. aible, thon it would bo entirely proper to placo the eharge of Indian affairs in the hends of the military, and let them dispose of dishonest agents by drum-head court-mar. tal, L | ‘We havs before us & bulky volume of 250 pages entitled ** Abatract of Resulta of » Btudy of the Gensra' Gepmya and Thomomys, with Addenda on the Osteology of Geomyldm and on the Habits of Geomys Tuzs,” by Dr. Ewnjorr Coxgs, United Btates Army, With vogard to the Geomys, the following state- ment {8 made 1 - ¢ The conlical prolongation of the body above mentioned 'is that portion which protrudes beyond the ischis, which sy be plainly felt on’ oither mide ;'and on its under side appear the orifices of the digestive and genito-urinary syatam, in closs juxapoaltion, and both direotly ai the base of the tail proper, In the rutting-sesson, hows ever, the topography of the parts is changed, owing to the Mhmm of the perinmum from L organy within.” Ooncerning the Thomomys, the following atill more wtarlling sabimaent Ja owt Sontha s o mpecies ot Thoriinge hir. ing apparently been described before 1829, the history of tho genus may be considered to begin nt that date. ‘The eminent author of the ‘Fauna Boreali-Americnna' gava five specios of ‘ Geomys’ and * Diploatoma.” One of theso iw n trus Gannya; the four remnin. ing ones (douglasii, bulbicorum, talpoides, and umbrinus), to which a fifth (borealis) was sub- sequontly ndded, are all Thomomys. 1 hardly know where to lonk for a parallcl of this cu- rlous cfse,” Wo confess ourselves ignorant whera to logk for the parallel of the wasto of manoy in privting this volume, After wod- ing throtgh its 200 pnges of tochnivalities, we find that the Geovmys is n gopher and thoe Thomomys is n mouse, and that there ard five differont kinds , of gophers and five differont kinds of 1nico along the canons of the Colorado, Tho volimo bnars the Government imprint, and tho people of the United States thereforo nre called npon to foot an extravagant bill, in ordar that Dr, Coxes may take 290 pagos to toll what he knows alout four gophers and five mice, in o technical jargon which por- haps not four men or five women in the country can understand. If Dr, Cosxs could ina fow words tell tho people how to kill off thesa fiold-pests, he would do some service, but no one in this country cares any moro for the Geomys and the Thomomys, or thio Ostoology of Geomyidrm, or the habits of Geomys Tuza, whose ‘‘toes aro sparscly pilous with short colorless bristles, and whoso tail is perfectly naked boyond the en- larged hairy baso,” than for a last year's bird's nost, The wasting of money in theso hard times upon such stufl- as this is simply profii gato. P Pending tho present scries of rifle matchos in England and Iroland, wo hayo received and printed soveral commaunications from Englishmen and Scotchmen sotting forth that Americans woro overboasting on the re- sults of their ropresontatives’ skill in the Dublin match in beating the Irish team, be- couse the Iriah had won only one or two vic. tories and were really of little nccount ns marksmon, and therefore the Americans wera only benting the weakost toam after all. We prosume, however, that our correspondonts linve mnoticed during the past two or three days not only that the Americans bave been beating the English and thae Scotch, but that this poor wealk Irish team, as they call it, on ‘Thursday lnat wou the Elcho Challonge-Shiold .ot Wimbledon, beating both. the English and Scotoh again, a3 they beat thom last year. It may be that the Irish team is & weak one, but it so what must be the condition of the English and the Scotch teams? THE m OF POLITICAL ECONOMY™, Politicat oconomy Is not yet pasaod its in- fancy. When ita profensors aro heard to mako tho bosst of some of tho contomporary dlaciples of the Epglish Rroanno-MiLt school that ita it- lustrious toschers have brought the scienca to porfoctness and completion, it ia cortatn that they and their science aro very young. Toward 'the clame of the last century, leadlog suthoritios sgreed that the main doctrinos of the natural sciencoa wore forevor settled. A uow line of thinkers, boginning with Bir Cizancga Lyery and ‘including Darwzy, bogan forthwith to demole ish the accepted thoories, and they have exter- mioated tho ** oternal principles " of the gen- eration that preceded them, b It political economy is not on the vergo of » groat change, it 1a not to bo much of & sclence, Ithas for generations reitersted {ts common- ‘place snalysos of production, distribution, and consumption, and ita molations of antiqusted issues like the curreucy sad the tarlff. It must make its own & much wider field of social mota- physics, and go much doepor into the phonom- ena of aggrogatod human Industris! offort. Tha froshnoos of much of Prof. Hranx's Platology, sod Camws’ uncovering of *the non-oompeting industrial groups,"—or {8 that Mrrr's ?—betaken new departures. It is not too mach to say that, excapting thaology, there is no scionco in which the modern methods, like those which Bir Hxxny Masnz has 8o well appliod to jurisprudence, have boen Jess uved than in politioal economy. It ls timo that political economy showsd some signa of evolution. We havo hed the philosophical mothod to surfelt. The authors of the book bafore us, In evident recogoition of the practical demands which the times make upon political economy, davoto as littlo apaco aa posaible to the abstract deductions that w0 smuss many of their prodecessors, Tholr work is admirable in anothor respect,—ita brevity and simplencas. It is with sclenco as it is with invantions, Tho improvemants arc sim- plifiontions. A grest patont fa mlways followed by another and another that redooce its Intrica- clos and increase ita uses, Life grows expan- slve, nad literaturo must oondense, Tho groat need of the day ia for time-saving. Time is not stiort; {8 Is long, but it caunot be made longer. Newspapers, books, speschas, converastion, all ‘means of communication muat be mads like rail- Tosds,~—the ehortest practicabls distanco be- twoen two given powts, Just as uni- vorsal suffrage Is golog to compel ua to reduce government t{o ita mimpleat forms, 8o in tho arts, when st the last ‘the people rule, we mnst abandon com- ‘plexities and shorienmethode. In this direction the little book baforo us Is w plonear in political economy. Political economy, almost moro than any otber sclence, belongs to the peopls. Ita privoiples dooido vital problems of their social lite. Tthas for working meén mosesges of tho utmost practical value, Few porsons bealde trainod studonts will, whatover they ought to do, master the dififoult pages of OAmwe, Bas- TIaT’s exaltations, the intricate commonplacas of Mirr. Busy men must not ba asked to do it Yot busy men control all the deparimenta of hu- man businoss. Tho toachers who bave writ- ten the Primer of Politial Economy bave ramembored this, as it would ba woll that all teachers shouold do. The Primer of Politieal Economy is intended by its authors to present in tho shortest upace proitable the moceptod doctrines of politioal econoiny. Thelr purpose has been achieved with great suocess. Wa are not acqualnted with sny work extant that presonts thess principles with the brevity and the clearnesn of tho Primer. Its arrsngement la unique. The matterfa di- vided luto definiticos and propoaitions somo- thing after the manner of & geometry, which is probably all of the mathematical mothod that Prof. Jevoxrs will evor ses applied so political eoonomy. There ars sixteen dafinitions mnd forty propositions. The definitions are terse sad good, and tha propositions brief, logical, snd orthodox, When they cover ocontro- veralal ground, the dictum of the suthors is nx good a8 the * way-a0" of other wnterw. Some of .the defiuiticns are superior 1o expression, Buch are: ‘*‘Valus {a purchssing power™; 4 Wealth is anything for which somothing can be got in exchange ™ * Capltal ia wealth saved and used ‘in productlon™; “A tariff is a law fixing dutles.” Tbe book is especially good in that part which treats of the relations of laborers to employera’; ‘and the following definitions show the intelligent snd fair spirit ia which this difi~ culs subject is handled s . A atrike is & conspiracy of employes sgainst smployarw, by which the former- refuse to work unleas the latier yleld ta thelr wishea.” “A lock-out is s conspiracy of employers sgaiost employes, by whioh the former refuss to Ve the ladtar work ualess the employes yiald thair wishes.” 5 'g‘ahnm o Poirrmar Eoowony, tn srnations Axy FortY PAorosTIoNs, A~ w-‘l’ Mason ;M“&J. ELarap, 4 spersed, Ao that thay stand in logical soquencs, No term 18 used till 1t haw baon doflued, The ad vantages of this arrangement aro obvlouns, ang tuake the book patticularly fitted to be used in achooln, Thero is, In fact, no other political economy that ia adapled to that purposs. The othera are too bulky, or too abstruse, of both, Students onght to learn political economy. 1y in worso than a biunder to Joave it out of theiy cartidulam, when roarly ovary sctive problem of the futuro must be dacided upon economiq principlos. We lavo heard more than onoln- tolligent toachor admlt this, and lament tha thors was not at hand e toxt-hook of political economy that could bo nsed in schools, Tho Primor can bo safoly recommendsd ty themn, 1t ought especially to be introduced into tho common gchools, And coutd well bo need se the Lsuis of & courso of political economy in more asdvancod {nstitutions, Itatitle of Primey must not bo taken to indicats that it i for in. fantile uso. Anyono who desiros to got In so. censibla compass a compond of tho main princi. ples-of the science will find it here in & form that will bold his attention and instract him, liowover mature ho may bo, Beyond the mannor of arrangemont, and the freshness of illuatrations, the suthors make ng claiin to originality ezcept in tho proposition that thie ponsible wago-fund varies with produo. tion. This in now, and s prognant with s very weighty moral for workingmen. It ia thug d: *“It production incroasos, the posel. wage-fund increanes, and vice versa, The wage-fund can never exceod the sum which the capitalist Is willing to giva in ex. ahange for labor, bocauss he will coase to nae hig capital rather than expend moro than this ia wages. Lt sincs the woges paid by the capl. talist are repaid him by tho sale of the product, the more valuablo tho product ia tho moro he will b willing to givo in exchango for labor.,” Thera {8 & valnablo trath hore which is entire- Iy wanting in the trulsms about the wage-fung which are found in moat political economion. The suthors of the Primer have coudensod into tho briefest propositions the lengthened plstitudes sbout fixed and oirculating capital, supply and domand, ote., that form a largs bulg of the old books. Thoy have done equally well in giving thoir bost work to the practical applics. tions of their scienco, The propoaltions dis. cnsning the differont aspects of the labor quos. tion are full of good doctrine, and are enriched by tho atudies which ons of the muthors hag made abrond {n parson of arbitration and co. oporation, The illustrations which are given of the principles aro thus practical and fresh,— Proposition 18, High wagss often make high profits ; 10, Itia & bad polioy to strike; 20. It 11 to the aavantage of both amployers and om- ployes to sottlo thelr disputes by srbitration ¢ 21, Tho bast way to produco wealth is by co- operation ; 22. Trados-union fands can bo bess usod in promoting co-oporation,—are sdmir sble condensations of the principles Invoived, and give the history snd the latost rosntts of the important experimants that have been mads ‘sbroad and in this country in applylog them. Workmen will co-oparate, and employors aud employed will arbitrate, in the next goneration, uttiversally, if the mastors aud men who are children now are taught : * when men striko, the aldo which can afford to be {dle the longoat will wiu ;™ aud that ** whilo s atrike may somotimos succood, the chances are greatly against it, and, if it doos auccood, it raroly ropays ita cost;" that, by arbitration, “an intorruption of work, and a waste of wealth by = strike @@ lock-out, are provonted, snd good feeling is proserved boiween masters and men;® and that ‘‘co-operalion provonts strikes, promotet Rood-will, caunes hanost work, checks wostofule ness, Baves tho expenas of oversoors, offors ths workmaa an opportunity to invest his savings af’ » profit, encoursgoes thrift, morslity, and eduoa- tion, and increases the profits of all the co-oper ators.” Theas aro dootrines that the soholars of oo public schoola ought to learn by heart. The propositions on money—or ourzonoy, as ib might better ba callsd—are veryclear and useful, It is imposuible to sy anything new ahout thig subjoat, but a new way of saying ao old truth s, **The measure of length must have leogthj tho measnre of weight must have woight ; the measure of values must havo value If the daft crontures who argue that enrrency noed only be & represontative of valuo, and that the plo« torial dollar {s a3 good for mesauring values as {9 the roal dollar, wounid study this sentsucs, they might como to ses tho truth, It isalittlo leaven, but it might leaven tho wholo lump of their une reason, Theeame theorizers wauld flad a whole- some oorrective in the thirty-ninth proposie tion, *The effocts of a commercial arlals can be removed only by the prodaction of woalth.” This subjeot is of such pértinent ine terest to this time that we give the proposition in ful), as it s » good sample of tha briofer ar guments of tha Primer: *The deatrnction of wealth (4. e., Its unprodua. tive cbneumption, Prop. 88) causes a cnisint the production of wealth, thereforo, by removing the cause, muet remova the effect—thas s the orisls. *¢ A wealth {w produoed it is deposited In banks for Investmont, or it is used in production with- out belog first put {n the banks. Then the laborers thrown out of work by the erisiaare employed again. They are, therofore, able to buy sgain of the grooer, baker, shoomaker, ol ‘The Iatter buy freah stocks of gooda from the wholosale dealers. The wholoaalers in turn give orders to the produoers. *“ Thus businesn revivos, and times are said to be good. Wealth ia produced, and the sffeots of tho orisia disappesr. *¢‘Therefors, the sffsots of & commarcial erisis ean be removed only by tha produstion of wealth,” 4 The authors of this book rachristen thelr sub- Ject the *‘fascinating” science. Thalr meibod makea ths name good, A dsy or two 830, a letter from a som ef Mr Horear Dirx OweN was widely published in the powspapors, denying the ourrent bellef that the Karx Kivo expoaare, and oonsoq pervous excitomont, had turned his brain, Rous uowp Darm Owxx, in » meat, vigorous letter, corroborates this teatimony. His insanity wad due in o moasurs to the Philadelphia inoldest. # Por a week or two,” says Miss Owxx, *it dld throw mcloud over hia buoyant, hopeful tem: perament. Dut that was all® 1 meemd that, three yoars ago, ho began to wrile an sutoblography, which, added to hiv othier ltersry work, necssaliated eight hours of intenss Ymental labor & day. Four months sgo he became s confirmed mnervous dyapeptio, and was 1ald low with nervous fever' After nafely pasaing the erisis, ho recklaacly re turned ta Lis work on **The Unity of God,* snd then oocasional symptoms of & morbid mantal condition appeared. Ho wonld not rest by dsy, snd conld not st night. Miss Owxx conclades Lior lotter aa follown: ‘The cause of the calamity which has befallen us i simplo—an overworked brain. My i e ot s ot s v Bowia'with fhysioal and menial viaor, hecauld B bresk God's laws of health with fnpunily, and "\zi‘g children, canntt, with all our love sud care, shisld e K Sl H p+ h roughous thid lnad use suCK & term) Who AZe 50 BRIAFOTA marhidly sative land, One of the most astonishing cases of attemph od wife-murder, sccompanied by the indispenss ble refusal of the injured party to prosscute, of #ven testlfy sgainst, har husband, is recorded by the New York pspers. Tmoxas Bezorr, an en- ginser, was charged with throwing his wite oud of a third-story window, The unforjunsia ‘woman bad given birth to s child bat three dsy? before, and her condition, one would have thought, guarsnteed some sort of mercy from the most brutish human being, Ars. Brror¥ waa 3aved by falliog upon s awning below, 0 which ciroumstance she owes har life. When put opon the stand, she ammmed the respoash bllity of the fall, and swars thal she fell cub while temporsrily Inssne The testimouy of eye-witnesses fartunataly emnvicted the hose Band, who Wad sen b0 thd Panliniiary for be8 TS