Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, June 22, 1875, Page 4

4 THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: TUESDAY, JUNE 22, 1875, TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. RATEA OF AUDAORIFTION (PATARLE 1% ADVANCE), Portage Vrepald at this OMce. 2.00) Weekly. 1 ULDU | Five copl ‘Ton oupiss Tartuo! ayearat mo rata. ‘Wanrep—Une activo agent in each town and village, Special arrangements made with auch. Speatman copies sent {ro0, ‘To pretent delay and mistakes, bo eure and give Post. Ofice address in fall, including Btate and County, Remlitancesmay be madeolthertydratt, express, Posts OdLce order, of in registered letters, at our risk, . TenMs TO CITY auDsCRinAnS, Daily, delivered, Sunday excented, 26 conte per work. Dally, delivered, Sunday included, Address THE TRUIONE COMPANY, Corner Madison and Dearborn-sts,, Chicago, I, TO-DAY'S AMUSEMENTS, DEMY OF MUSIC—Ialeted street, between Mad- aman Hiouroes Hagskomont of ac IL Mask rove HUOLEY'R THRATRE--Randoloh street, hetween Hit and LaSalle, Engagomento! Tony Pastor's Come ination, MVICKKR'S THEATRE—Madlson streot, between Dearborn and Risto, Engagoment of tho Now York Filth Avonue Theatra Company, *'The Dig Bonanza.” TRR—Dearborn street, corner Mon- talnment. A. CARTMAN TLODGR, No. 686, A. Rieaganae enrimunieation will ve bord te 1» this (Tuees AUPHINEY, W. M. jor West Madison and Iobey-nta, ing, Juno at d w'clock shat. Bree, Visiting brethien card ATTENTION, BIR Spectel Conclavo of Apalin Conmatders, No, ly Ke Tes thle (Tugeday) aven= fig, at€ ocolock, in fio Asylum. forwark an ie. T. Order, Lita tie Keulghes couttonaate’ invited.) li order of the kK. i. W. LOCKE, Recorder, KILWINNING LODOT, No, 311, A. T. and A. Mima ppacial eomninnication will bo hold this Tuesdes ovening fig Srathen esfdialfy Invited. Sy order af Ar tt, Mlle inven We St L, 8, GHARLETTE, Bos. The Chicaga Geibune, fuesday Morning, June 22, 1875, Germany and Belginm have shaken hands over thoir little differences, the former Power exprossing satisfaction at the friendly spirit avineed in the late communications from Bel- gium, Congressman Cavirrenp yesterday tele- graphed Mayor Couviy to send on to Wash- ington a deputation of influential business men of Chicago, the more the better, to Inbor with tho Secrotary of the Treasury in behalf of tho Custom-House, to tho end that tho walls and foundations mny not bo torn down, Crop reports continue io be of a conflict. ing naturo, and to vary socording to locality. From Iowa the intelligence is most encouraging,— splendid crops of nll kinds, and .a large increaso in the average. But tho accounts of the grasshoppers in Nebraska and Missouri ns forwarded by various correspondents are dolefal enough. Ono of them tells of a cash, and 9940 for July, Corn was dull and unchanged, closing nt GYJo cash, and 70j0 for July. Onts were active and 1fo lower, clos- ing at 563e cash, aud 63}0 for July. Rye was dull and 2c lower, nt 980, Barley was qnict and casicr, at 21.05 bid andl $1.07 asked for September, Toga were quist and steady at $7.10@7.20 por 100 tba, Cattle and shoep wero quiot and ens: —o ‘Though little hns boen snid abont the mat. ter in thu newspapers, it is now apparent that tho Govornmont is taking prompt and off. cient monsures to protect American citizens along the Rio Grande. ‘Lo this ond several war-vessels have been sont to the mouth of that river, with instructions to co-operate with the land forces in preventing a recur- renco of the murderous cattlo-stoaling raids, accounts of which the country has beon treated to almost daily for the past month, ‘These vesscls have been supplied with heavy Jounches, which will be armed and manned by the crew for polico duty higher up the river, These precautions, together with the recent reinforcements sont to the Texan border, will doubtless prove a sufficient warn. ing to tho Mexican bandits. Gen, Onp will have command of tho combined land and naval force ov the Upper Rio Grande. When Messrs, Gannerr and Scorr buried the hatchet so far as the Baltimore & Ohio and Pennsylvania Roads wero concerned, it is quito possible that thoy jointly kept in reservo, With edge nowly sharpened, another taxoa of 1874 hos been postponed until the new low is in operation, This new law acoks to remedy the dofects of Bill 800 by declaring it uunecossary that tho record shall show any of tho things which the Supromo Court has decided are casontinl to give the Court jurisdiction. The Sapremo Court say: ‘*In summary proceedings to dl. vest owners of title to their property, the law ia to bo construed strictly, and nothing is at- lowed to be taken by intendmont.” Mr. Ap- asa’ omendod Jaw disponses with all affida- dits, and authorizes the Connty Collector to take the return of the City Collector into court and ask payment thereon, without re- quiring the County Collector to svwear that he had tried to collect the same. It is not likely thats Court ina matter to divest an ownor of his title to his proporty will givo judgment when it does not appear that the Pporson demanding judgment over had author- ity to receive tho tax, or that the ownor had failed to pay the tax to him, ‘Tho taxes for 1874 aro dependont upon the miecess of this patched-up law, aud expori- enco has shown what a frail dependence that is, Now, however, with one million of taxes lost to tho city, is it not timo that tho Com- mon Conncil shall abandon Bill 300? Under the Gonoral Revenue law, tho city can eloct to have its assessment nnd tax collections performed under tho State law. Bill 300 an- thorizes the same thing. ‘The charter of 1872 authorizes the samo thing, It is, thero- hatchet for Erie and Central, and that tho end of the rnilrond war is not yot. Low freights to Philadelphia and Baltimore by the two Southern trunk lines and to Boston by the Canadian route are yery pleasant for those citics, whoso interests are 50 close- ly identical with those of the roads ss to afford some guarantee that there will bo no return to ante-war rates; but New York is forced into the competition, and Erie and Central must keep up their end. With four great commorcial cities bidding for tho trade of Chicago and the West, there is en- couragoment to hope thats peace which in- volves a solid combination and a return to the high rates which prevailed before the Balti- more & Ohio became a disturbing clement has not yet been and will not soon bo consum- mated, . THE CITY TAXES AND BILL 300, On tho first of April, 1875, the City Comp- troller reported to the Common Council that ho hod in his hands in lien of revenue: Certificates of tax aaleof ‘74 for tax of 73.,..$ STIA24 Cerliticates of tax najaof 75 for tax of 72 .., 104,120 Certificates of tax salo of 72 for tawof "71. Total tax certificates.......+ ‘Taxes appeated aud enjolned.. ‘Taxes of 1874 not collected... Total unavailable revenue. 150,168, Now. comes the fatal of the Su- preme Court, which declare that the judg- menta rendered by the Courts for the tares of 477,003 5,001,389 swarm of locusts from 80 to 75 miles wido, half @ milo deep, passing through the air at a speed of 15 miles an hour for sixty hours continuously, and driving people indoors for fear of being smotherod to death, 'The criticism of the press upon tho oxor- bitant charges which tho Philadelphia hotel. keepers proposed to mako during the Centen- nial show has had a good effect, and has brought ont the assurances from the hotel. keepers thomselvea that they will not charge over $6 per day, This will bo tho maximum charge of the bost hotels. This public assurance, conpled with the fact that the hotel-proprictors in some of the cities adjn~ tent to Philadelphia, and within easy railrond teach of that city, will materially reduce their charges to attract custom, will probably preserve Visitora from the rapacity of land- lords, Conscientious scruples concerning the Bible in courts of law differ very widely, In ono case af some prominence a witness refasos to swear upon the holy book, but down in Mem- phis they take a more practical view of tho question. Yesterday the lio passed botweon two lawyers, when one of them grabbed up She Scriptures, and with this mighty weapon sftruth promptly knocked his man down. The Judge was both wrathful and rattled. Ho fined the lawyers $50 each for fighting, and the Shariff $26 for not being on hand to toparate the combatants, but, on second Yhonght, remitted the latter fine, as it oo. yorred to him that ho had sent the officer off u on errand but a few mniuutes before. is special veto power Gov, Tavern is ng with the most admirable rewults. ‘The latest subject is the aswill-milk business, and tho People of New York aro rojoicing that he has put his Executive foot on it, ‘Tho Board of Heatth and other authorities having decided that swill-milk is injurious, the Govornor om. phatically declares that it shall not be sold. Tho ewill-milkmen aro in the dumps over it, but the people aro in ecstasy. There is hope for the youngest goneration, now that it is warranted milk not‘evolyed from distillery slope and garbage. Isn't thoro any way in which Gov, Beventpar could get in a veto on the milk which comes from tho North Side Ustillerics, drawn from cows that never seo & paaturc? Among the most marked sensations in the tourse of the Bzzomer trial was that produced yoatorday by the protest of two of the jurors against Mr, Bracn’a frequent {ntimations that the jury had been approached by partics In the Brecurn interest. ‘The protests wero made whilo Mr, Beaon was speaking, and in roply he stated distinctly—what he had only hinted at proviously—that he was in pos. session of evidence, which he would submit whenever the Court should dosire it, to Provo that attempts had beon made to bribe the jury, This statemont at lonst waa mado in sober earnest, and with a full knowledgo of its serious charactor, and it is cortain that we havo not hoard the last of it, Judge Nexaon indicated the closing of the ease as the time when such evidence would be received, and the offending parties pun- ished. Brother Sinanwan yoluntecred antate- ment nelther logical nor conclusive in its bearing on the point at issue, when he said that the entire expense of the defonse was borne by Mr, Bezcuen and himself, Thia ia interosting, if true, but it ia perfectly con- alatent with Afr, Bzaon’s allegation concern. ing the attempts to bribo tho jury, ‘The Chicago produce markets were steadior Yesterday. Mess pork was in fair demand, and 200 per brl higher, closing weak at $19.00 for July, and $19.15 ‘for August. Lard waa dail and 150 per 100 the lower, closing at 812.95@18.00 cash, and @18.12)@13.15 for August. Meats were quiet and firm at 7jo for shoulders, 110 for short ribs, and 114@ Ujo for short clears, Highwines were in fair demand and steady at $1.10 per gallon, Lake froights wore dull and unchanged at jo for vam to Buffalo, Flour was dull, Wheat Waa sotive and jo higher, slosing at 980 1871, 1872, and 1878 aro void, there never having been any legal record made up show- ing a delinquency, and that the Court roally had no jurisdiction, and had no evidence be- fore it of anything on which a judgment could be rendered. Tho result of these de- cisions is, therefore, to practically blot out the $477,000 of taxes which the Comptroller returns as ‘appoaled and enjoined.” Mr. Avasa soys that theso taxes aro not lost, but continue a len; thatis to say, any porson wishing to pay them can of course do sa, but there is no powor to enforce thoir collec. tion, The certificates of tax-aales, represent- ing $587,776 of uncollected revenue, mainly of the taxes of {872 and 1878, stand in about the samo condition ; they may be licns, but thero is no power to enforce their collection, and tho city must look to voluntary payments for the payment of any part of this revenue, ‘Tho uncollected tax of 1874, amounting in round numbers to fiva millions of dollara, is by far the most sorious, The proceedings so far have been identical with those in the caso of the taxes of 1873, and hore comes the real AUMoulty in the whole business, In 1872, the Goneral Assombly passed what is known os the Revenue law, providing for the assessment, levy, and collection of taxea for State and county purposes, which act, in See, 122, provided: ‘The proper authorities of towns, townships, dis- trict, and incorporated cities, towns, and villages, collecting tsxea undor thie act, shall annually, on or before the second Monday tn August, certify to the County Clerk the aeveral amounts which they severally Toquire to bo raiiod by taxation, anything in thetr ro- spective charters, or in acta heretofore passed by the General Assetnbly of this State, to the contrary not. withstanding, This was on authority for any city to dis- pense with its own local machinery and havo ita taxes collected with the State and county taxes, and by tho machinery of tho latter, At that time there was s strong objoction to this proceduro becnugo tho assorsed value of property in Obieago for city taxation was $300,000,000, upon which tho city to raise soficiout revenue had to levy ataxof 18 mills; while tho Stuto assessment of tho samo property was but %80,000,000, requir. ing a levy of 7} per cont to produce tho samo amount of revenue. To levy a tax of 7} por cont for city purporcs was considored cal- culated to injure if not ruin tho credit of the city ; no such rate of tax had over been lovied in any city of the United States, and, the circumstances not boing understood, such a levy would argue a desperate financial con- dition, A special law was therofore enactod, commonly known as Bill 300, authorizing tho elty to maintain ita own machinery for assess~ mont and collection of taxcs up to the point where tho collection of delinquent taxcs was Yequired by the Constitution to be made by the County Collestor. Alarge number of other cltles were alm- ilarly ciroumetanoad, and desired the passage of Bill 300, Under that act the taxes of 1872 wore collected; aud when, in 1874, judgment was asked for tho dulinquont taxes of 1873, the County Court refused, declaring that Bill 800 was wholly defective and could not be carried into effect, The Supreme Court has just affirmed the decision of the County Court, In the meantime, the original objection to having the city tixos collected with the Stato and county taxes has heen removed. ‘The Btato assessment of property in Chicago has been advanced. Tho State valuation for 1874 of taxable property in thla city fa about $260,000,000,—a sum sufliclently large on which at a reasonable rafe to produce the neaded elty revenue, This wos apparent to everybody last winter, and there was an al- most universal defpand on the part of the tax-payers that tho city should abandon all further proceedings under ita own dofectivo machinery, and proosed to have the city taxes collected under the Stato law, The city authorities, however, were obstinate. They resorted to the Legislature to have Bill 800 amended and patched. The Legislature patched it, and Assistant Corpcsation Coun- sel Adams thinks this amended law will Operate successfully! This ‘mended law, however, does not go Into offect until July 2, and the spplication for judgment for the fore, optional with the Mayor and Common Council to provide by ordinance for the ns- sessment and collection of the taxes of 1875 under the State law. It is simplo, direct, and inexpensive. It will relieve tho city of the whole cost of assessment, equalization, and collection. It will carry into exocution the clear intendment of tho State Constitu- tion, that thore shall bo but one assessment and one tax collection in each county of tho State. It will save nearly $100,000 annual expense to the city, and there will be no ap- peals and no delays in the collection of taxes, because the State law has been affirmed and sustained in ovory particular by the Supreme Court. Let the Common Council, thereforo, take no riska as to tho future; Jot it maturo the annual sppropriation ordinance, and certify that the sum therein appropriated is needed to be raised by taxation. ‘This sum will be extended by the County Clork, in addition to the State nnd county taxes, and will in due time bo collected by the County Collector, CHARLES 0’COROR ON DEMOCRACY. ‘The New York World of last ‘Thursday con- tains o long essay by Cranues O’Conon upon Democrsey, It is a romarkable paper, not calculated to help its anthor’s chances for the Presidency, but ono that may fairly claim the respect of every student of politics and of overy intelligont voter. It is disfigured by outbreaks of Bourbonism that sound like ox- tracts from the Senate debates on the South Corolina nullification ordinance, Tako, for instanca, the suggestion that tho decision of alt the State and Federal Courts should bo subject to the raview of n Court composed of Judges chosen by tho States, What is this but a now form of the South Carolina suggos- tion of a convention of States? Tho members of the Convention would bo called Judges, not delegates or ropre- sentatives, and that would be about all the difference, Mr. O'Conon says such a Court would prevent ‘conflicting laws and jarring jurisprudence,” and that it “might also defend tho autonomy of the States.” Canmoun, were he alive, would doubtless heartily second the proposition to create such a Court, appointed by the “States,” not the Union, and yet anperior to the Union. Then, too, Mr. O’Coyxor will scarcely strengthen himself or his party by his sweoping condemnation of Republicans and War Democrats together, and hia implied declaration that tho Domocrats who opposed the Rebellion and fought in behalf cf the Union were wrong. He describes the course of the North towards the South, up to the outbreak of the War, as “perseontion for moral nonconformity,” and sponks of taking up arms and incurring debt for the sake of tho Union as * abuses” and ‘“dovistions from the Demoeratio principle,” Passing over othor such proofs of Mr, O’Conon's Copperhendism, and of his in- capacity to adapt himself to the new state of things, we come toa schedulo of the needed reforms in our Government, which contains many things that are right, some that are wrong, and nono notof interost. Govern- ment, ho says, should be unseen ond unfolt, as for as may be. It should be intruated: with the least possible power, and obliged to perform the fewest possible duties. All tax- ation should bo direct, ‘Trade ghonld bo ab- solutely froe. The custom-houses should bo sold and their proceeds used to pay off the national debt, No further debt should be created in any shape or form. Tho only in- come should be from taxes. Government should have nothing todo with monoy beyond stamping upon specio tho signs of tho value of each particular coin, Genoral laws should be passed for all business matters; for the formation of private and public cor- porations, eto, and thero should be no privato legislation whatever. We should have no armies, navios, forts, arsenals, military schools, oto, Our dip. lomatio corps should bo abolished, Voting should be viva voce, not by ballot, Minority. representation should not oxist. There should be no laws regulating the hours of labor, and no public schools, Only a fow of- ficlals should bé elected,— Say the Chief Execntive and the Legislature.” Their terms should be abort. Appointed officials should be removed only for fault or incapacity, “ Faithful service and proved capacity are @ingular grounds of disqualification.” A military commander should be ineligible to the Presidency until after a long intorval, Ta densely-peopled districts, registry-lawa should be in force. No person receiving pay from the public should be allowed to vote, ‘Tho crime of asueasing officcholders to pay the expenses of political campaigns should bo soveroly punished. This is a fair review of Mr, O'Conon’a suggestions, A glance at them shows how erroncons many of them are,—notably those in regard to minority representation, taxa. tion, and the publio schoola, Aaa body, they reproduce the youthful views of Heanenr Spxnoun very faitufully, The general criti- clam onthe whede essay will be that Mr. O'Coxon has confused Democracy, pure and simple, and the Democratic party of the United States, Part of his proposod reforms ara in the intorest of the former; part in that of the latter, The former ere, a a rule, good. Tho latter are, with equal une- nimity, bad. EEE = The irropresaible split of freedom bee broken out slong the Ganges. Tho Punjaub ts aroused and Bombay slows signs of excite. ment, A eertain sentence, curzent in another: Forty-fourth Congress, English colony a hundred years ago, has finnlly reached Hindostan, Tho Enst Indians oro repenting, vory decidedly, that taxation without representation is tyranny. 'They are clroulating petitions which azo to bo Presented, with bushols, and tons, and miles of signatures, to the British Parlinmont. ‘Those petitions pray for the ropresentation of British Indian jn that body. ‘They ask only sixteon M. P.’s, and auggest that tho franchise should not be given to persona who pay lesa than £5 of taxes no year, It ia tho policy of tho British Government to havo ita Hindoo subjecta govern themsolves as far ns possible, Tho Civil Servico of Hin. dostan is largely composed of natives. ‘They havo been making their way into high offices of late. The request for representation, hedged about with precautions as it is, is not unroasonable. Tho need of accurate informa- tion on Indian affairs hos often led Parlin. mont into gravo blunders, so that the pres- ence of sixteon men who wero posted on that themo would bo a decided gain, Tho conse. quences, however, may be far-reaching. Canada's position is vory different from that of India; but if the latter is represented, will tho former bo content without the same privilogo ? Yot the oxporience of England in refusing representation to her taxed colonies is not likely to encourago her to repeat tho refusal. Tho remombranco of 1775 may pre- vont such action in 1876, THE COMING CONGRESSMAN, Tho next Congross will contain a great number of now mon, a fow resuscitated per- sons, relics of paleozic politics, and several Congressmen who have sat as ciphors for the las} fow yenrs, but whose friends expoct them to cuts gonuine figuro hereafter, now that thoy have gained oxperionce and have possi- bly emancipnted themselves from n too slavish subgorvionce to the esucus, Taken all in all, the unknown is 9 marked clement of tho There aro prizea enough to be won, but the question of who is to take them remains a mystery, And yot it is not dificult to point out the qualities which tho coming Congressman, the mon who is to mako his mark and bring back into being tho traditions of tho times of Wenster, Cannoun, Cray, and Benton must have. Such a man ig suroly on the boards, The country needs him, and the foreo of that great circumstance will develop him, Ho may not be one of tha clect to the next Congross, but we imagino le is, Some one, at least, of the 366 mem. bers of tha next Congress, Sonate and House, will probably be the coming: Congressman, ‘The ficld of choica is so large, tho oppor. tunitios aro so great, the need is so urgent, thot the coming man must bo about to come very soon, What, thon, must he bo? He must be imbued with some great idea, a master passion, that will stamp itself on his every action. If we take the men whose names live and will live in American politics, coupled with some ono grent belief. aud idea aro blended in either suggesta the other, financfor and (in great part) tho founder of the doctrine of Nationaliam; Dx Wirr Crim. ton and the Erio Canal; Jarvsnson and tho great dogma of popular soveroignty; Wen- sTen, the expounder of the Constitution ; Caznoum, Cray, the man of compromises and tho sponsor of tho so-called ‘Amorican system” of protection by high tariffs,—those arc in- stances of this fact, There are three groat questions now before the country: Shall trado with other nations be fettered or free? Shall the Civil Service continue to be the spoils of partisan war? Shall the curronoy be dishon- est or honest, shinplastors or gold standard? The coming Congressman will mako himself the exponent of one of these three questions, we find each ono of thom Man our minds, and Hasnrton, the the Stato-Sovereignty nullifior ; and ho will expound tho right eide of it. His learning, his shrewdness, his cloquenco, his aleopless energy in pushing tho attack and securing the results of tho victory, will mark him out of the common herd, Probably the greatest political capacity now open to any American ig tho advocacy of revenue taxation, The man who dovotes hia life to it, supposing him to bo still in his prime, or, bettor, just entering upon it, and who possesses tact, cnergy, education, and an overwhelming, self-conquering belief in his theory, will bring about the roform as Pxx and Conpen did in England, and write his name across the- pages of American his. tory so legibly that remotest posterity can read it and rovore it, What will bo his name? THE GREAT CHICAGO TELESCOPE, After soveral years of forced inactivity, the Dearborn Observatory is in good order, mo- cbanically. The new dome turns well, and the magnificent telescope works like a charm. ‘The instrumont, which was tho largest and best in the world till within a few years past, and is now ono of the best in cxistenco, is ready to enter on ita mission—to acour the heavons in search of new objects, to permit the patient observer to find out new facts about tho old ones, ond, generally, to take a prominent part in exploring the starry depths, a provent all classes from rallying to tho sup- port of the Dearborn Observatory, We aro informed that one of onr public. spirited citizens hins already promised to giva $1,000 towards nn endowment-fund, on tho conditions thnt not less than $49,000 shall bo subscribed for that purpose by other partios, and that the Society be reorganized as ahove proposed. Only a little red-tapo stands in the way, which may bo cut far more oasily than tho Gordian-knot, It should ho cut right away, so that tho hammor may fall upon tho iron while it is hot, If the fron onca cool before it bo fashioned into shape, an- othor dozon yenrs may elnpso ero the interest now excited in the Dearborn Observatory can bo reawakened, POVERTY AT THE SOUTH. Onr correspondent, who has recently made an oxtonsive tour through the Cotton States, especially called attention to the genoral fact that the people of those States, white and Dinek, aro in natato of pinching poverty. The soll, naturallya fine one, is exhausted by suc. ceasive crops, Tho fiolds ara then abandon. ed, nothing boing ever done to restore them, The whito plantors are living a year nhend of their crops, thus practically mortgaging thoir plantations to the “ factors.” -'Thesa are hunting out solutions to problems of vast im. portance to the world of science, The Chicago Astronomical Socisty may well bo proud of its achlevoment. It haa merited the thanks of all who wish for the intellcotual advancement of the human race, But tho step just taken is, or ought to bo, only tho initial one in a grand march, the mualo to which is composed of bank notea, Sclontifie investigation can only be proseouted. with the aid of money, and in order that the telescope eball perform tho task for which it ia so well Atted, it must bo liborally endowed. The cost of reconstruction has been met by the cash already ralsed, so that the Socloty is not in debt, But neithor hos it any funda, and the work of subscribing should be again undertaken without delay. Not less than $50,000 will be ro. quired as a fund, the Interest of which will pay the salary of a Director and the other current expenses of the institution, to say nothing of competent assistants to do the drudgery, and allow the Professor time to think out results from comparing observa. tions, But even this would not make tho Observatory what it ought tobe, It should be made not only a placo where eolentifio in. veatigation is prosecuted, in concert with aavants elaewhero, but a centre of instruc. tion, where the people can be educated up to a knowledge of some of the sublime facta and truths of astronomy, It should be an iMuminating point to shed light all over the Northwest, and receive o united support from the whole of that vast region, ‘at is for the future, ‘The present posi. tion of the Astronomical Boolety will boa more modest one, but it should be so taken ag that this may lead up to that. The Aaso- ciation should at once be reorganized on 8 liberal baais, which will invite popular sup- port to that which promises to benefit the people, Mo narsow exolusivensus ought to causes naturally leading to impoverishmont. But there isa much more important and di- rect cause, and that is that the white popula. tion will not work, No white man is willing to secept social degrada. tion by working in tho fiold. The native energy of the white population, sapped. by the slave-aystem, is paralyzed by tho spirit of caste which has outlived slavery, ‘Tho former slave-holder whozo plantation is suf- fered to become waste, and who is made poor by the taxes on his unproductive lands, clings to the delusion that, under the new order, ho ean continue as the planter" who never worked, ond mnintains unabated tho caste. spirit which estimates Inbor as degrading, His sons imbibe the same notion, Tho caste- feeling, which is almost as inexorably mnin- tained ss in Indin, and which these very men themselves maintain, forbids them to work, ‘Tho poor whites, now as before the War, take their ideas from tho plantation-owners, and, rather than work, live in as wrotched condition as did tho slaves in the ante-bellum times, The poor whites will only do farm. work when reduced to tho alternative of work or starve. Then they will only worl enough to stavo off starvation. With them to work in the cotton-ficld is to come down to the level of the nogro, and thoy will spongo and beg, ond mnyhap steal, rather than so degrade themscives according to the code of casto that obtains in the Cotton States, To- day, with all their encouragement of immi- gration, with their low-priced lands, tho whites of the Cotton States repel immigration, Tho intelligent, well-to-do farmor from tho West who should settlo in one of tho Cotton States and there put his hand to tho plow, would, by this same inexorable caste, be assigned o social position on a par with that of the “poor white trash.” His wife and his daughters, no matter how well cdu- cated, might be patronized by the planters’ wives and daughters, but would bo excluded from society, save that of the ‘ whito trash.” If he worked with the negrocs as an Iinois or Towa farmer works with his “hands”; if ho treated them as an linois or Iowa farmor docs his hands, as men entitled to treatment as men from their employers (and wero ho in- tolligont he would do a0, since for such troat- ment the nogroes would work with re- doubled industry), ho would at once be set down ag on a level with tho negro, and treated accordingly by hia nelghbors. ‘The white men of the South may continue to at. tribute the impoverished condition of their country to roconstruotion, which had nothing to do with their material prosperity; to car- pot-bagiam, which is now of tho past; to what they please; and may continue to culti- vate politics na they are doing, and to labor to insuron Democratic national victory in 1876 as the soveroign spocific for tho ills brought upon them by their own idlonoss and tho maintenance of that spirit that makos loss of casto tho pennity of industry ; but, until they work, naught will better their condition, The natural resourcce of the Cot- ton States aro equal to those of the North. western Btates, All that is necessary to ron- der the former as prosperous as the latter is that the whole people work, instead of sub- sisting on the labor of half the population, the blacks. And, until in the South idle ness, not industry, costs a loss of caste, must that rogion romain tho desolated, impoy- erished territory it is to-day. THE LESSON OF BUNKER HILL, The centennial celobration of the battle of Bunker Hill has been made the oocasion of many long speeches, declamations, and vo. Juminous writings, both in prose, poetry, and citations of historical documonts, Nearly all that has beon spoken and written, however, has beon of a descriptive charactor, devoted to narratives of tho battle, biographical sketches of the prominent persona engnged, and desperate endeavors to solve the conflict. ing problem whether the battle was fought on Banker Hill or Breed's Hill, and whether tho monument stands on Breed’s Hill or Bunker Hill. Little attention has been paid to tho moral aspects of this battle, the real purposes and motive which actuated the Col. oniats in thelr suddon armed resistance to the British Government, aud the reaults which they expected to accomplish. Whon thoso things are considered in thelr proper light, the conrage of the men who fought at Lex- ington, Concord, and Charlestown appears grander than ever. These mon fought, inthe first place, without any definite political pur- pose, There may havo beon a little hendful of patriots like Samworn Avaws and Jon Hancocx who could woo tha rosults of tha war and could take in sta glance its real character; but the great mass of the people had no specific end in view when they began the contest, They had no scheme of inde. pondont government in their minds, no com. munity of purpose, no {dea of ultimate consequences, They did not foreseo the founding of a great Republic, the establishment of a new power, the birth of a great nation. It was simply a re. sistance to what they considered an aggros. sion on their rights. They felt as English. men that they had cortain chartorod rights, and that these rights had been infringed and trampled on by unjust taxation and other forme of abuse, and Lexington and Bunker Hill wore only forcible protosts against ag- Greasion, not contesta for national inudopond- ence nor struggles to found a new form of government. Jt therefore required an un- usual courage for them to assume this formid- able attitude to the powerful mother coun: try, It also required an unusual courage to face the possibility of a soverance from England, for it wae the first time im the history of Great Britain since the Roman evacuation that thie poasibility had ever bos incurred, “Mugilsbinen hed rison in rebollion boforo ngainat abuses. They had rison againat covtain dynasties and royal fainilies, but nover had there been tebollion which Invulved 9 secession aud tho setting up of a separate Govornmont, at least by Englishmen, The Irish had always been in a chropio slate of revolt ngainat tho exist- ing Government, but Englishmen had looked upon such a possibility almost na sacrilegious, & trenson against nationality which would have been the unpardonable ain—and New England was settled by En- glishmon, Thero were other cloments which conspired to domand unugual courago upon the part of our forefathers, such as tho Inck of war material, of oficers and commanders, of hospital service, of com- missary subsistence, of drill and disciptine ; ‘but none of these essentials of war required 60 much determination, self-sacrifice, and moral and physical courage ns tho fact that they were plunging headlong into a struggle for their chartered rights which might in- volvo a separation from their mothor country, and that they had no clear idea whnt might result from. it,-no visiona of o faturo, no outlook for help, no possible means of know- ing where the sinows of war would ba ob- tained, It also nitds to tho brilliancy of tho courage displayed by theso men, that tho people af the Colonies were not united in this strugglo which necessarily made tho seven years’ war adesultory one, There was sufficient mate- vial in the Colonies for the organization of 1 powerful army, but there nover was a powor- ful army in the field. English troops were fought and conquered reluctantly, Battles wero fought in 5 doubtful way. The patriotic feeling which may have inspired the army did not always pervade those at home. Therefore it was that it required most unusual efforte to keep up the army organizn- tion; that there was no money to pay it; that it went holf-starved and poorly clad; that its routo might be traced by the bloody foot-prints in the winter snow, Bad thero been a unanimity of purpose, or had the ro- sult been clearly foreseen, it would have been possiblo for the Colonies at any time to have placed a force in the fila which would have literally overwhelmed and crushed out the British and their mercenary allios, Under such circumstances as these, wo ennnot sufliciently admire tho courago of theso men, who for seven yenrs maintained this unequal struggle against the most power- ful nation then on earth, and against the prejudices, timidity. ond indifferonco of Jargo part of the Colonists, and this, too, without any particular idea themsolves where this strugglo would lead,—certainly without any well-defined iden of the form of govern- ment that would.be established in case sepa- ration from the mother country shonld tako place, Tho chief motivo which urgod them on was that obstinate, determined resist- anco to naurpation of rights which belonged to them, and which had beon handed down to them from their ancestors, and tho moat remarkable feature of this resistance is, that it was mado without well-defined pur- pose, without much hope or sympathy, with- out the encouragement or applause of o united psople to urge them on, and withcom- manders who were often discournged aud dis- Pirited, but fought on until the right pro- vailod under tha guidance of overruling Prov- idence, This is one of tho grandest lessons to bo learned in studying the battle of Bunker THill,—the heroic couraga which led the Col- onists to resist the invasion of their righta without any regard to results or knowledge of consequences, It was species of moral courage, by the side of which mero physical cournge is of little account. A strong point in favor of the citizens who are conteating the so-called charter cloction is to bo found in the instructions given yes- torday by Judge Boors to the Grand Jury at the request of the Istter, They asked whother the General Eloction law applied to the special election on the charter. After taking the matter under advisement, Judge Boorn instructed that it certainly did apply, and that no special election may be conduct- ed independently of legal restrictions, If Judgo Boorm has properly stated the law, o8 wo have no doubt ho did, then the citizons who aro contesting the charter vote havoa good case and will succeed in setting aside the result. Itiso notorious fact that the General Election law was flagrantly disregarded both in essontials and formalities. failed to appoint clerks, failed to keep a list of voters, opened and closed the polls at their own discretion, did not supply soparate boxes for ballots on separate questions, and in many other ways violated the goneral law. If this law applied to the special election, as Judge Booru holds, there will be little dim. culty in having tho election set aside, ox tho proof of these nasertions is ample. ‘We are glad to be able to approve tho se- lection made by Moyor Convin of the archi- tects who are toform the local commission to investigate the condition of the Chicago Custom-House, Mesars, Boyryaton, Bauer, Bonure, Eaan, Waozeroex, Gay, and Van Ospxn are all architects of considerable merit and citizens in good standing. They are more familiar with the charactor of Chi- engo soil and the relative necessities for a foundation of o large structuro than apy number of architects and engineers who havo not had any experience in Chicago building. Their roport, therefore, will have a speotal value, and will exert a decided influence upon the final decision in the matter, Thera is no doubt but the sentiment of the people of Qhicago is unanimously opposed to tho demolition of the walle, and will never bo reconciled to such a course without tho assent of local architects in whose judgment they have good reason to feel overy confi. dence, The gentlemen who havo beon ap- pointed for the purpose may be trusted to give an honest and trustworthy opinion, Anta Dicxixsox, not content with ber success in the lecture-room, {a now secking for new worlds so conquer upon the dramatic etago. In thladirootion, we fear that Miss Dioxtnson has mode tho same mistake that has chseracterized Othor lecturers, notably Misa Oxrye Logan and Miss Kate Frexp, Succoss ou tho dramatio wtago noceseltates an early training, and a toil- womis climbing from the lowoat round of the Anddor, Only those have achloved success who have thus commenced at the bottom and strug. gled tothe top. Ju adopting the dramatio stage, ‘Mise Dicxivson comes bolore s different au- dience. In the lecture-room, who moets an audience which looks only to the cheractor of the loctura, and is not ab sii concerned with the etooutionary ability of the lecturer, In tho theatre, however, abo will moet with s ceverely- critics] audience, which will be disposed to com- ment upon hersnd not upon thoplay, Inthoone ‘oane, her suconma depends upon her lectures in the other, upon bersalf, hor tudustry, ber physique, her naturel adaptation to tho dolinea- tion of character, hor age, and » thousand and one details which gO to make up tho success uf Gu avtrous, With tho eximzlo of lus Louax Tho judges of election’ and Mina Fre bofore her, tho public will ha an to wondor at hor tomority, an alo has noe iva: tago in ago or natural vivacity or ambition over then nnsneeckefitl debutantes, It would t polite to altirm that hor age ia reninet bes ard ungracious to prodict that she will make f fast. uro, bat, novortholers, hor friends will fo 1 tha apprehoneion that sho has mado a acrivur tui. tako, ote Cot, Axtno:xy, of tho Leavenworth Timvs, ds. nies that any controversy {y pow in proure 14 Le. toon him and tho United Status Senators fr Kaunas, as recontly roported in ‘Te ‘T'n Bo far ng ho knows, there in 10 moyomnont to cure lild removal from tho oftica of Postiaas t at Loavenworth, nor does ho havo any but the kindest feelings for the entiro Congres sions! dolegation from Kangas, all of whom he regards an hia friends, Tun Tnmone fa alad to bs evr. rected tn this mattor, and to give as great pr inenco to the dental as it did to tho o1isi atatoment. Wo wore misled by current ney t papor gossip, horotofore uncontradicted. ‘Tha error ig unfortunate in ono sonso, bat it 19 not without mitigating elven. stances, since it has elicited tho gratifyin: tn. tolliganco that tho Coluuel wtill lives, and r.1 o¢~ pression of his good will for ‘Tie ‘uipus: aud its editor, for which we aro properly gea:ofal, Wo are gind to kuow that Col, Axtitoxy bisa boen reading Tite Curcago Tainuns overs day sluco he has been able to read anything. during hia convaloscence, and that ho poleota it regu- larly from oj) the papas at his commanil, be. cause he belfover it to bo “the best nows. apot {o the United States.” SS The sale of Dante Wensten's library. n fon days ago, did not attract anything like the 1 av. attent{un which it desorved, tue Centounirl fir vor absorbing all othor interests. Vory fow ]it- orary poople or biblioplules attended the sa‘s, snd tho second-hand dealors wero vonseqnontly enabled totorko a good harvest, Books witk Mr. Weneren’s autograph in thei sold readily al high prices, thore being fawof these ox ant; end volumes with tho autographs of other dis tinguished men, wluch bad been presontadl te Mr, Wevstzn, wore lao indomand. A coy of Joun Quincy Avaua' culogy on Larayrzre, bound {0 morocco, was ran up to @90. Ite value without tho inseription of Mr. Apams might pos- sibly boo dollar, Tho moat intercativg ferxtune of tho ealo was the opportunity it gave of Btady- ing o phaso of Mr. Wensren’s character, 4t aborod how little he was a book-made man, 12 Labits wero scarcely studious. What ho Jines ho know, and what ho read be knew, but he wit not an omolyorons reader, Ho studied matkind at first-hand, and applied Lis own groat powers of observation and analysis to the best advan: toxe. —___.-_____ Aclub in London, which soems to ignore the prime characterletio of club-life, haa just oponed its doors and bogun operatious on an oxreri- montal basis, Tho plan ja to have both axes etigible to membership, Singlo mon abd worten, aud wivos and husbands, ropaiatoly or together, will lio bo admitted, It romaina to be ucen whether oclib of this kind can bo made suc- cessful, Speaking learnodly, and not as ona who has exact means of fnformation, one would say that the idon was open to serious objoctiins. Ctub-lifo, whon elovated to tho highest posrible stoxe, ia in some degree domoralizing, even whon tho participants aro confined to one rox; what {¢ will bo whon tho principle of promlacuity ig introduced can porhapsa be imagined, it not doscribed. Married poopte ought to have du.tea and interests which ahould provont thom from attending clubs with groat froquonoy, and un- martiod womon cortainly can preserve thoit innocence quite as woll at homo as at any plese of public regort, —— One of the fow honest rosolutiona {n the Onia Democratic platform declares agamst grants of publig lands ar manoy “to railroad, atoamabip, or other compsnics.” This sentiment is not popular at the South, Democrats in that a20- tion hold the principle of Governmont subsidies in the grozsest rospoct. Thoy expect to “ works” for subsidies an soon ax the Uemocratic Congress ig fairly fo session, Tho Memphis <Avalancia spooks for its party whon jt says that the clalaa of the South forasmall eharo of internal iin- provements must be heard. Sonthern Dem >- crate will never consent to “put down brakeu"* while Tost Gvorr’a railroad halta on its advance from nothing to nowhere, We can inform tho Avalanche that its auaault upon tho Ohio De- mocracy is as injudicious as it is unnecessary ; for whilo tho anti-subsidy plank reaga so well 1> Northern ears, it was nover lotendog to obatracs those schemes of ‘internal improvements” whioh are esgential to tho existence of pure Do- mooraoy, There are somo pooplo who would not be con- tented evonif they wero hanged. One woul.t supposa that Californians, with bard money, genial climate, rich soll, fruit ail the yoar round, etc., ata., would be tho happiest peoploon tho globo, and yet thoy aro now compisining bo- causo ante, floas, mosquitoes, and gokts are so plentiful, and becsuac ground-equirrels ara bon~ evecomblng tho wurface of their Helds and gor- dens, and osting up all their grosn things. Thoro-are many of onr Woatetn Statea who would bo glad to swap thelr grasshoppors alone for all the ground-squirrols, saute, floss, mos- quitocs, and gnatain California, and congratu- Isto thomsclves that they had tho best of the bargain, ——_-__—_. Tho Gommoncement oxenvisos of Knox Col- lege, at Galesburg, IIL, which ocour on Thars- day next, will be unusaally interoutiag this yoar. ‘The graduating claves, bot in tue male and fo- male departments, will bo Iargor than usual this year, Tho main incldont of tho day will bo the fostallation of tho now President of the Collogo, Or, Batkman, who hes for fourteen years held the position of Stato Buperintoudent of Publio Instyuction, ‘Tho fustallation coremoniea will take place in the Opera-Fluuso on Wodnesday evening, to bo followed by a banquos at the Union Hotel, ‘Cho anual mnccting of alumal will be held on tho same day, instead of on Commencoment day. ————-_—_—_——. ‘The cablo, a fav days alnce, brought the Intel- ligenco of tho death of tho Roy. Witt1ax ARNOT, the eminent Scottleh Free Oburch divine, who yas in thia country a few years ago, as @ delo~ gate to tho tirst Assembly of tha Canadian Pras- byterian Church. “Ho was a wative of Perth- hiro, and was born in 1807; studied at Glesyow, and waa Hoonaod In 1839, He was acttlod for » long time in Glasgow, und afterwards removed to Edinburg, whore he died. Mr, Anxor was bettor known aa an author than age preacher, and many of bis works have been very widely clroulated, ——_->—-———- OOWONE, MAHONEY, It{s very palnful to do s mana gcod turn, write him » firat-clasa notice, acquaint thoussuds of hiv follow-boings with the fact tbat he—tho partioular Brows, Surru, Mauoney, or Jonze concerned—livos and hss dono somothlog worthy of notice,—It in very painful to do this and to then have the ingrste complain that he hasbeen wronged. Yet this ia the way in which Mauoney, Denis A., of Dubuque, has received our kindly notice of him in connection with tho Tumor thut the Jeffs or tho Coamops wore about to eugage him aa editor of thoir ombryonio Dem- ocratio paper, When we heard this ramor, wa thought that here waa a chance to give « brother Jourvallét a lft, to regoue him from a rurel vil- Jago nud elevate him tothe metropolitan leval of Obicago, ta blszon his name and fame abroad, to'set the Jetta and Coamopa telagraphing him passlouate ontroatics to come on forthwith, With these kingly objecta in view, wo gave Mr. Mauonzy what was Intended for » tret-claas notice, Is was fully appreciated by part of the Dubuque pres. One of the papers: there pub- Vehea {t In full, eud declared thos the portrals drowu was wendrously true to agtore. And yob he comnlaing, und thea verbai rocks od ub {uvough bis pspor, sod talus sbouttbe ' Mippam