Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, June 5, 1875, Page 9

i tiee o is afis [ Al bl Sk , Wagons, to got the next wock's THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: BATURDAY, JUNE 5, 1875.—~TEN PAGLS e e e e e e ———— e THE SOUTH. Condition of the Negroes in Alabama. Industry, Docility, and Increasing Thrift, Their Determination that Their Chil- dren Shail Have an Education, Tow the Plantation Share-Sys- tem Operates as Re- - speets the La- borer. The Very Small Amount He Re- ceives for a Year's Hard Work, And the Poverty-Stricken Condition in Which He Is Forced to Live, fogro Tmmorality Largely Attributable to Extreme Matorial Des- titution, Indications of Better Things in the Future. ‘The Rext Generation to Bo a Decided Improvement upon the Presents Visit to & Colored School in Montgomery ~—Zeal and Capacity of the Pupils. . vromising Political Outlook for the Negro---No Possibility of His Rights Being Dis- turbed. From Qur Qwn Corrempondent, KloxTaoueny, Als, June %—From my room =t the Liotel horo I have only to look out of the winilow to make an intereating study of them,— those mumo blacks who DO ABOUT ALL THK REAL WOBK done in Alabams, and whoso Idloness and un- thrift are stock topics with those who noyer work, and who attribyte all tho ilis of their Stato to the nogroes. MMy window opens on a paved court, from which diverge five of tho privcipal streots of Montgomery. In tho centrois s cir- culnr baaln, 50 or 60 foat in dismeter, stone- walled, and surrounded by an oruamontal fron railiog, plorced by gateways, from whioh stoue stopa lead down to the pool of clear, cobl water from the artosian well emptying there. Origi- nally, I beliovo, the well waa sunk and the basin constracted o sooure s wator-supply for use 1o cage of firo, Now the town is provided with ex- celleut water-worka; but the artesian well fur- nishoes the WATRR-AUPPLY POR TIE POOR YOLX who would escops the wator-ratos, Tlither, morning and ovening, thoy coma to dllt thelr bucliots, Pickaninnies, bare-logged and bare- headed, walt thelr turn st tho pipo through which tho water bubblesup; whilo a draymao, black ag the aco of spados, waslies his faco ; or » plantation darkey pulls off his hat, catchos it full of water, and from out it takes bis morniag ilnk, Drays and trucks come to haul off bar- rels full of it to farther parts of tho town, Tho famlily wasitub fs there tobe filled. And the womnon, from black aa night to thoso with faint- ect dash of African blood In thoir veins, aro tueroto toto water to the kitchon. Thoy como most early in tho moroiags. The well ovidntly ia to them the NEWH-CENTRE OF THE TOWN, and the general oxchangs of ueighborhood-gos- sip. Though barefoot wany of thom, snd at- tired fu tho choapost stuff, they all manifeatly #pruge up mors or less for the ocassion, Thay litar only & momont ; they even ' make way for the lady dali,” quite gallantly in thelr way; there is 10 stroot-talk within tholr hearing ; and, ufter filiug tholr buckots, they balanc them on their heads, and pot off with an unconsolous, easy grace of carriage that any belle of the ave- nucs might envy, There is no clbowing for places at tha discharge-pips, mno quatrcling about whose turn comos noxt, no boisterous eonduct, and no al-natured practical joling, which {s #0 almost inovitably the feature of sirect-scanes In the towns and oltics whero the notors are whites; but here, as in all alss, thoy manifest the XYEN GOOD-NATURE AND PATIENT UNGONOERY ahiaraetoristio of them in all thingy. Baturdsy moruiug, the little court was thronged with them,~men, women, and children,—wko kad come to towa with thelr mules or oxen and upplies, do thels shoppiug, and sea tha sighta, From tho planta~ tions wero those sll. Noi guito so knowing- laoking a4 tha town darkeys, but cleanly, nonest, simple-appesring folk &% one would sse any- ‘whare, and with eyos fllled with ruatio wondor- mong at the town sighty, and themaglves sby and quiet, in rustioc fasluon,—the little ones atickidg cloge to their mammies, nnd tho men-folk leading the way o tha stors whers tho cottoneseed, or load of wood, or whutever elso they had totohed far sale, or the procoods of it, to be tradon sway, I atrollod sloug tus sidewalk among them. The meu ocossionally gathered in little knots, when thelr OWIRP TOPIO OF CONVERSATION seems to be about *‘ds folks down on de ola Pplace,” or the crop-prospect, or, mara frequontly, about the morrow's mostlag, —tho which svident- lyisthe groat social event of tha week smong them, Whilo the mon disvussed the news, or at- tended to the mioro serious busincss of getting the naxt weok's supply of bacon and sorn-meal, the womon, woman-like, wore ntont upon the display o the shop-windows, and eyed with in- terest the numberless bits of choap finery and tl:y-rfl»dn exnosed for Oue soue that eanght my gliuce waa worthy the pencil of a llumn—{I sad, if faithtully traveforred to cenvas, would Liave mnado hiw famous, Iu a hallway-en- trance lad squatted w brigbt-lookiog mulaito Wowan, ber_side t clothou- Baaken Pl BBk Vg FOR e ualy atock of womou's and - chlldren'y clotlung, ready-made,—uot 1aore | ® dozon pieces in ull, aud of them eomie ovideutly besn worn, Two or thre 8 » calico ahiré ot two, sud & few omi- 'en'a dresses of plsin whito musho, comprised bee stook o trade, Hoveral of the wouwen had ored abeut her, and wore dlsoussiug the yie, oud, 8ud maks-up of Lot warss, with quile an profound intereet, though lnes volubility, than would an equal’ numbas of onr Chicago dnnes digeusn Fiela & Loitor'n stock on Opon- ing-Day. Onoof thom,—hetsalf wanring o well- worn calieo gown, but clian and freeh fiom the whash it was,—with a speaking-Inok, as though lic kuow woll onougt sl couldn' buy it, and A4 though alie know the woman who hal it for ¥nlo know 80 too, oyed n ehlld’s drens with a JOROING THAT N0 WORLH COULD DESCIINE, held it at arm's longth, khook out the skirt, meapnred the wize with her eye, and finally, in stnme-faced fanhlon, just an thongh coukcionn what o choat slio was In pretonding s might Luy it, nuliod the price. “ Uno doliar and & quarter," w “This yero uu's only 75 conb other, ‘Tho woman looked ngain, with the samo long- 1ng 10 hor oyes and tho sanio sbeaplahnuss, aud, remarking that tho 75 cont drosa would Lo **beantatul for n wallin'-chile,” inplying that her's was & child not old enough to walk (which 1'd hiavo wagored was o whoprer)—tutnod elowly awar, Noon eame. The oxen and mules wero i bitehied, and left to chow away at tho littie bus dlen of corn-fodder (1 noted thore was no corn, il [t doemed indoed llmvcrlymlricknndmt even for tho animaly) that had hoen fetebod in tho wagons, ‘I'he ueiroos produced the littla lunchion they hind brought for themonives, or bought at tho bake-shope. Each nuuu‘y gathered togothor near Lheir wagons, squatted on tho door-steps, and ato with a8 quiet eatisfaction an did thoe oxen chawing st thoir foddor, Bolore sunsct they all hind gone, Dnring their etay, 1 did not roo draulken man among them, nor koar Any quarrels ing nor lond talkmg. Thoy teemed coutent enough, but somebow they hinpressed o s ouly enjoyiug the boliday thay mado of it ahaut ax fiard-worked borses might s half-dsy’s reapito. "I'hero was, in fact, in all about them, such ro~ wminder of loig-worked, woll-**brake,” docile oreaturea, that, when L thought of all Lhat was 1aid 10 their charge as to Intractabilicy and gon- eral worthlossnaxn, tho wholo scomed AUPHEMELY LUDICROUA, and I wondored how those complaining sot about MBUAZILR tho negroes, Bt thou I'va been so often rominded that I didn't uuderstaud tho nogro,—that nobody at tho North did,—that 1 dinmisned the wholo subject as boyoud iny come prehanvion, Homehow It suzgoested Lo me an incident dur- ing oy stay ot Mobile, There slvo I eucountered him,—tha ~ gentlemna, mot everywhore in tho Bouth, who assured me of thouttor improvidonce of tho negro, lus Ineapacity ever to take cara of himeolf, and how ho was, aw a matter of fact, botter off {n ovory way when o was in slavery. ‘I'io gentleman who was imparting this informa- ton for my bouofit, sad, throngh me, for tho es- pecinl behioof of the vant contituancy of Tux Amnuye, waa one of the leading Lusiness-men of Mobile, and 88 woll o plautor, and membor of thio Consorsative Stato Commiztao : of quito su- porior intelligouco, too, I found him, and thor- ougbly woll-informed on current topice, 4 Now,” said he, ** thoy never think of to-mor- row, and naver eavo their caruiugs one seasen to provide for .thomeolves tho uext, 80 as Lo kavo about 25 por cout on tha cost of all their sup- plies ; and thoy never think of saviog enough to buy sny property for themsclves, ‘There's ono of 'tho boat of tham, pointing to a nogro sbous 60 vonra of sge, who was waiting st tho dexk for gomiething, *1low & follow 1'd tenst with any smount f moucy. 1lu is n cavpentor, und & pretty good ons, too, and does Nittie joba for mn requently. Now T'll call bita up bere, and you'll seo for_yoursolf~' Bullmau, step this woy A mo- ment," " ho negro walked back to tho privato oflice, and waited with very much the old slave air of mook submission, He had & heavy, stohid face, and thoro wera doop lines in it that I fan- cied told of & VART DEAL OF WARD WORK for which the least reward bad como, whick, now that he was growing old, he roalized in a stolid, despairing sort of ay. *8iillman,” gald she planter, *‘you were a alavo befora the War, aud o carpenter, too 7" “ Yes," roplied the uogro, * an' I'so boen fres an’ workin' for myself sinco the surreador," “Woll, 88 & matter of fact, woren't you botter ff bofora f—weren't you botter fod aud clotkiod, snd didn't you have more money #* ** Allug had plenty to eat in dem times. But money—I nover lLiad mo mobnoy, 'copt some- timea somobody give me & dollar, mebbo,” was tho anuwer. *Didu't you got a part of tho wages for your~ self, thon 7" asited tho plavter. *¢ Magea allus hired mo out to s carpenter, an’ 1o got all do pay, I novor got noue,” replied the uegro, in tho samo stolid fashion, aa though con- fused st the quostioning. * Well, have you any boys, Stillman 2" * Yas, I's0 got one, ‘bout 12 years old.” "‘:\fhn are you doiug with bim 7—got him at work " * No, I'se been keepln® him at school; but timen boen powerfa’ bard latoly, and I took um. homo bout tres weoks ngo." “What did you do that for ? Thosahool's froe, fan't it 7" asked tho plavter, “You eoo I liad bim at the — Inutituto, an' it cost a dollar an'a quarter & mouth. I've got & littlo payment to mako; but I'se gwina to send him back pretty soon.' Cnn ho road 2—has L loarned onything 2" Yo, ho can rend and writo, and rosds tous 8¢ howo out o' the Bible an' books as good as saybody." i Can ho figure 2" Yes, hocan fignrs up anythiog simost,” ro- p11|w.\ the ncgro, with a shado of pride in bis Yolco, “Dut you srn't leaming him how to take earo of Limaell,” contimiod tho planter, 1 & bland, patronizing tone. “ You scos,” #aid the negro, very slowly, and s though pondering i agaw, * I kindortisought that, ef 1 give him u good vddication, IE'D ENOW INoUol to know what to go at to malie s livin® batter'n I could ; av' I'm going to give him the schoolim', an’ juat lot him pick out for bieself what he's gwiuo for to do. Iwant him to have a eddica- tion fusts deu Lie'll know better what to do with Lisself thsn I could tell him," Tho uegro pausod, and continued, moro slowly, ** As for hig work, 1)l got 0o good of it .nfhow; I'll be gono afors ba gots to malun’ anything," *Woll, Btillman, you've always workod hard and besn steady. Now, bave you muuaged to savo suything snco you Lave besn freo?” waa | thie planter’s naxt query. + Not much,” was tiie responso, in dejected “1did have nigh 8300 alead whioa wa s small-pox bero. Wo tuk i, an’ it coxt moe about all I had. ‘Then I'va baon makin' pay. monta on my little place, an’ it'a kopt me wighiy bard up.” Havo you be¢on buying a “Your placa? place 7" + Only & lot out yera for myeolf,” replied the nogro, hn!f-upvlogeticatiy. It only cost mo $200, an' thero's ouly on little payment to make, ap' 1l maxe thas nox’ mouth.” “Qolog to put up & houss on it 7" * I'vo ot & houso on it," and 1 dotected a lit- tlo glow of prido in his auswers ** A houss 400D ENOUAI FOR ANYRODY, sn'I boilt it all myeelf, It's"got two rooma coiled, an’ tvo ready to be plastored, an' a connle of bedrooins, an' a “kitehen, an' o porch, It's good enoughi for anybody." Homobow it didn't ocour to the planter to fn- quére of that noyro whether he couldu't have had & bittter bome, ail his own, If e had romainod in alayury, and, bevidow, bave had his boy taught to plck cotton, fusteud of 'learnlug to” rond, mud write, and cipher; ava Stilimun was disiniesed with tho paternal semark, **I'm glad you are do- ingso wall, but don't forget.to soid that boy back to wehool ;" aud vot sgain during my stay did that yautleman sosk to inpross upon me tho uuthntt, tnd improvidence, and Lalploss lot, of the froedmien, 5 ‘Chis nogo, with all the fmprovidence of hia race, lind, Lesides sckooling s boy und taking caro of Lis wile, saved the &300 whioh corrled him tbrough the small-pox seasou referred to, and, for bis house aud lot, eav (supposing thay hia houso, good suougl for anybadg, was i vory modeat sifair), nut leas then 460" woro, or, in all, about #8760, 1t wasu't & groat deal; but, alt the anwwor. howiug ane tonew, thingy cousidered, it wae u good desl, aud proved & doyroe of prudonisaif-denial that, if cherished by many of Bl- people, must ultinntely DETTKIS THEIL LOT. The fact that, all over tho Houth, there wers many nogroos who lows nuore tan G100 by the Froodmoeu's Bauk swindls, goos to prove” Lhat thoy must have been poasessed of very much such wolf-denial, Aftor careful inquiry, it ia s mattor of wonderment to me bow tho negroes in Alabams mauage to live on thoir earnlugs ou the plantations. Ceztaluly white mon couldu't; sud Certad it is, Lowevor miioh thoy Iabor bora o fu duce immigeation, they will not get it to furaluh Iabor fer the ocotton-fleld: planting is now vonducted. UERE THE "SIARE" SYATRM is gonerally in yogue,—the cuatoinary torms be- iug, that, whore the negro furnishes’ tho toam, hio Pays one-tuird the ootton aud one-fourth tho cort crop aa ront, Whore tho plenter furnishos the "‘fi the rontal is onc-half tho cotton sna ouo-third the corn, Iu tho uplands, an average Liana will work B scros of cotiou ana 6 of corn ; ou the bottow, Sor @ acros of cotton and sbout 4orbincorni the differenco Lowyg ju part due to tho faot Llat the “utand™ fs Lotter in the *| vottou-ilolds, and hnl(:\grfl\m girlu a8 wel ‘bottoms, requiriug moro labor to plck es woll as 1o caltivata por acre, aud that tho Jubor lu tho bottowms ie more trylug oo tho laborer’s puwens of endurance, owiug to the mal ud iho jne tenso sultry biest, whioh in the up! rdl 14 Jouy 0 RO riha of & bale 0 the 8ar6, 854 1n 1116 blABUS £1030 ODS-LLIN 10 ORbe hinlf & hale, OF corn, 29 hushinta per acro seems reckoned a good vield; and 12 bushels, T am in- fovmed, in abont tho average, and that of a gual- ity much inforior to the Iliuois erop. I'our balew of eotton and 76 hushels of corn fa rock- oued o splendid 1emult of the labor of ono hand and his mnle for the kaanon. And the season, 50 far 88 the cotton erop (s concarned (including tho picking), continiea the whale twaivemonth, Hocrop i ralsed i tho United Bintos that requiros moro labor or greater caro in tha culture, nor, which, it wottld soom, rous so mauy riskn of al- mont total failnro, despito the mast palnstaking Iahor. Annually it in in pori) of drouuht, front, and tha worm, ‘Tho labor required to grow it ax nearly an [ can approximato to it after most catoful Inquiries in each of the Htatos of which 1 bavo mada the tour, in from RIX TO KIGNT TIMES A# MUCH por acre a4 tha Iabior au Iiinein faruor oxpends to grow his corn crop. Heckoning tho yreatar tonath of tho cotton weason (inclnding tho gick- Iug), probably the latter figitra 1 noaror the cor- roct estimate. For thin wil, and ouly m caso thiere bo a full crop, at tho cluso of tho weason, for his ontire yoar's work, the total gross incomo of the negro will foot up thus: If ) Lt mule, ju which cass tho cost of Its feed fa paid Ly himself ¢ 'wo-tiiirds tha cotton crop, i @ yood wess 27; bales, worll, at o e er tule Thieo ta plicd), ray, G Lunbols, wortl, ‘eut high Tates, ot the plantaticn, § "Total for the FIF...uuurersss And from this should be deductod the #56 worth of corn, all of wuich, with tho faddor, ought tobo fed to theinule (whick then srould bo kept in & half-atarved coudition) ; aud the neero will hava just 169,334 ou of which to support imsalf aud family for the entire yoar, Figuro at it, and you will seo what prospect thero fa for tho lout liands, {1 tho beat saasony, 1o wave any- thing! And such seasous dou't como ofteuer than triennially, ( tho negro bo not the posseesor of s mule, tho rockou(ng will atend thust Oue-tialf of tho cotton crop, which, for @ b R e ”M.‘nso ‘Two-thirda the corn-crop, 50 bushiol ., _Total for the year, ” Only tho boat lands, m and childron help in ploking soxkon, can make thus much ; and all that tho band having a mule makos abovo him without is tuade by RTAYING TRE ANDIAL, ‘which, happily, will boar a doal of starving, and in ondowed with = faculty of lising on nothing, aurpassod only by that of the froodmon of Al- svawma, ut the negraen roalizs no auch urm In monsy. Thoy bave no credit, and, with tho crop-failnres, and the systom under which they wori, they, of ourse, ot the Legiuning of tho seauon, have no money. Thoy munt bo suppliod with somothing to eat whilo thoy make the crop, 'Chey got it— corn-meal and bacon—(rom tha plantera ; and it i4 furished oithor in_stors-orders, inaued weok- ly, or by tho planter divectly, Iu eithor camo, it costs the negro, on tho credit-ndvanco sys- tom, which alio provails here, from 25 fo G0per cent abova cash prices,~tholatter boing the estimate of ono of tho most intelligent plauters in the intorior; ana yot ho grumbled at the fact that tho negroea bud to be carried yoar. after yoar by the plauters,—thnw dimnfubing the availablo capitol, or crodit sathor, of the iatter, Undor thun wystem, in good senaons, the plautor uots from 10 to %25 per acre, according to tho quality of theland. Aud the nogro hves ins conthtion of wresched poverly abwolutely un- known to tho white Jaborerd of auy part of tho United Statos. From the observafions of tucir coudition on tho plantations, whick L havo taken cougiderable caro iu making, not only i Al- bama, but in il the Bratos through which I have travoled, Isuspoct that, when the plant- era gay the nogro i3 no baiter off than he wan 10 siavory. thoy tell tho whole truth as to 118 AVKIAGE CONDITION MATERIALLY. Tverywhero tho plantation-hands oceupy the old nogro-juartors,—miserablo_log-cabius, with tho cracks stuffed with clay. Everywhaore thoy aro clad in ragged and patched eclothes of the cheap nigger-cloth sort; sod tho half-naked childron may bo seon_overywhere clad 1n but a singlo garmont (and thora is very little of thas), mada of the aame aiuf, or, a8 I Liavo fro. quantly seen it, mado of old cotton-bala begging, ‘I'io men woar the old plantation shoes,—thoso of thom who woar shoes, nud thore are plenty who * go barofoot ;" and the women go ‘sbout barcheaded, excont on gala-days, aud then fre- quently, too, with but n cotton-kerchlof, worn turbau-fashion. I bogin to bolisve all I hear, aud iavo heaid aluco I crossed Mawon & Dixon's liue, about thoir potty thiovery. 'I'he temptation to peonlo in thoir coudition to rob a hen-roost or to ahioat & pig would HEVM TO M IRRFSISTIDLE, 1 begin to credit, too, what ix foid mn every- whero about thoir low morals,—tho uuchastity of the womeu, and the disrogard of marital vows. Frow wint ia ssid, I should say they aro a8 fow {n tho scale of morality in this as are the half-starved, -half-naked poor of London, and from much tho same causo: becauso thoy uro half-gtarvod and balf-naked. When each negro, can reasonnbly oxpoct to own a littlo place i salf ; can wsubstilute for the wrotched mnogro- «quatters a neat littlo cottage, which, beiug hls own, shall ba bls home, aud givo to him the begluning of & homa-life; whea his wits docsn't bave to work in the cotton-fiold to enable them 1o live; and wiou bis childron can_oxpoct with rood roason that tholr own lot eball be an im- provemont upon that of thoir parouts,—then wo iy look for thofr improvemont in tho scaie of moral and intelloctual being, Aud if, with half enough to est, not hiall enough to wear, and Lablting Looses uot it for buman babitation, ey ato, 83 manlfeutly theyace, slowly batterlug tholr condition both morally and in tho jutaltcete usl scaln, it but proves that tho hopes of what freodom would do for them WELL NOT UNYQUNDED, To mo this induatifal problem—tho conditlons under whichi thero ecems no chauce rensalni, for the negro to_attain to a woll-fod, well-clas woll-lwused condition—is Ly all odds woro seri- ous thuy il that portnius to his political wolle botng 3 onu his political status can kcasee bo im- proved while L rownaiay tialt-fed, half-clad, and housod tiko an animal, When I ponder it well, I do not wondor the negroes, with all their pas- sionato lccal atlachments, uro so ready to oml- grate, a8 Intoly was demoustratod iu Lennosseo ; aud 1 balf-nondor if thowo in tho Noith, who, not fully apprised of tho situation, advigo the uogro to go v working Hice & mulo, to subsiat in haif-starved fashion, little if aoy bettor than a mulo, are giving him precisaly tho sdvico thatis noodad, Happily for thy Soutti—for elsa i~ dustry here would closo till & now peoplo took possossion of tho country, or till the prosont ponulation woro starved iuto doing field-1abor,— tho negro is VERY IIUNPLE IN N1S AGRIRATIONS, I dou't believe hie Lasd ovor chorshed ths no- tlon of himuoll owning the big plantations and living in the grand stylo of hiw old masters, Hig goldon droam—that with which tho carpet-bage gorss lured him to voto for them with afl their thiovery—has beon to be the possessor, not of o roat ]fl’nu(ldun. out of forty acres and a mwle ! 'i'hn carpot-baggers hold out to bim the enticivg prospoct that thie Governmant, or rathor Gon. Uraut,—for, to tho negroes, he fa the embodi- wmont of the Goverumeut to this day,—would at Sons: yowarl evory finml nogro with a mule snd 40 acren § sod this bas fascinated the nogro 4 nover dl& tales of Ei Doredo the Spanish adven~ turery, and it dugers io Bambo's lmagination evou now, But thore is that here which glvea PROMINE O¥ NETTER THINGE, Nowhere in the Unitod Ststes, I ventnro to ssy, undor such bard conditious, did sny peaplo work hardor than are uow working tus mnegro popula- tion of Alsbamn, and, for that metter, of novsew, Atkaudss, Miscivaippi, and Loulsiaus, a8 well; aud tho conditions are substantially the same iu each of -these Btates. W'ravel turough tho pluntations in them sll, aud, notwithstaud. ing \ho roports about the womeu's noquiriug she notion ot keoping Louss and mtayiug indoors, you will thul wowen plowing and homu’; in the 1l, From catiate that full one- fourth, porhiaps ouc-third, of thom work the flolde; aud the moat eatisfactory resuls of my observations was, that but that proportion of them do flold-work ; for It warranta the expocta- tion that, ore long, nonaof thiem may ba come polled to' do 8, For the aake, too, of getting balt jnstend of ono-third the cotton, the nogroes. aro not only working ules (and their firss fne vestmont, when thiey have ieany, is fu & mulo), ‘bus are to be keon in el tho plantotion country )lnwlu&v with a singls ox, aud with eyon calyss. ostorday, I saw & woman plowing with, for & team, n pair of yearllng calver, T'he plantation. owners, 00, ara recogaizing the true wituatton. Numbers of them have eaid to e, **Thore's NO UETTER WORKING PORULATION 10 tho world than the uegraes, if thoy are lot nlone,"—hat Is, if they sra uai filled with Qis- contont by surgeatious that they ought to ba sble to do better than they do for thomealvew, The nogro population of Alabsms was in 18| glud tuere Las been littlo ir suy chaugs) 475, 10. Thoy conatilute tho workivg pouulstion, caroful obuervatian, and, under the msooial order here, support not only thomuelves, but sa woll the b31,854 wiitos, who do no flol-lator worth reckouing; and upon thoe product of fleld-labor dspeuds the eutire prosperity of Alabama snd the “other cot- ton Bratos. Thaheaviest pro) mrs{-bnldaru sud sll the more thoughttul recogulze ilat tho negro are ag indispeiisable 88 sre the eugloe sud boller $0 & stoamaboat, JTo Alabsme sud Arkansss u‘: s Misslauippl sud Lbuisians aé well, loan degreo), the plaritars are lionestly, as & mat- tor of intoiligant kolf-intereat, oncouraging tho negroes, by evory possibla means, to JANLTS OF TIIRIFT AND FORENANTEDEEAS. Tho burdon of carrylng tho hegroea sonson Afior mesnon karfously eripples the eredit of ihe Dlanter, as woll a4 raduces tha enrminga of the nouroes s and, au 1 loarn overywhero, tha ceadit- Byetom I8 slowly but cortainly passing awsy, A Kuad crop this koason will do mich toward ter- wiosting it, Farther, thora can scaren bo a douht but that the plunters, nan claes, nra scrr- nilounly honeat in thoir dealings with the uegro. Cliore nto excoptione, out thoy oo comparative- 1y rare, and are dlnivishing. To say of & man Liers that Lo would clicat wnegro, is one of the most upprobrions opithots that conld be applisd, and, when.used, mesow fight, Ilut wiiat hay minre to do with it is mtolligent appreciation of tho fact that it {8 neceusary, in order to get gooil liands, to securo their contidoncs ; and thay the planter who cheata his banda ot xeakon, the next only gotw tha worat onos, und fa Ilsblo to oxperienco in s hundred wayn ‘the teuth of the bomely aday b HONERTY 19 TNE, Tho planters are begmning that thore inn't laboring yopuiation onough in tho Htate by half, endthat whitn labor will snot coma to work in the cotton-tiolds: aud they ate cudecvoring to fnduce it, and capital e well, to be employod in other channels,—stuck farms, lumboring, tho iron and cos) minos (which abound in the northern partd of tha State), foe- torfon, ete. Meauwhilo, thoy ara discursing tho reclaation of the abandonod plantationy which nro wholly valucices for cottun or coru, by turn- ing them futo pasturca aud embarking b utock- ratsing. 'The valus and uses of fertilizers ara discunnd to a wide oxtont, antl many are alrea being tried. From provent indications, intelli- geut self-utorost snd newlv-nwakened enter- vriso will, within the next docade, bava redoem- od much of {ho abandonod laud, which is uow eatimatod an high &% one-balf tho entire cleated acrenge of tho State. Moro hiopeful 18 it thal the schoolmaster in out mmong the negroes. ‘Tiat bove and girik growing up hora, deapito the i1l rosults tiat nust fotlow wuch breeding as will be thoira at tho hands of the igooraut fleld-band clavs, will be s decided improvement in miud and morals upon tho presout goneration, csunot bo donbeed. I visitod ono of thoir schools here, I i the best in the Btate, it in true, but it is also the Lest 84 showing tho eapacitios of tho negraca UNDER FAVORARLE CONBITIONA, It was ostablished Dy the Freedman's Burean sud tho Amerlcan linwion Bocioty jointly, and Lian Leon uo well conducted that, i thie ast report of the Buperintendent of Educatiou, itiacitad an roproval Lo the whites, that for a time It wax tho beat schionl in tho beat wchool-building, and tho mont euccesaful in tho Stats, At prevent it is conducted by the local authoritien (with somo aid, I bolieve, from tho Mission Socinty), and by thom is really turnod over to the charge of Capt, llency M. Bush, formerly counected with the Galous Road, who Rerved in the Ninety- fifth liinois durivg the War, aod s now Bocretary of the North and South Alabamn Iiailrosd. On Lis inyitation 1 visited the school, which las wa evrolled at- tendanco of betweon 830 uod 400 puptly, 'Lho order, decorum, good manucrd, nad application to study, were a3 good as can be found in the boat of our Chicago achools ; and _the toachors, o8 that statoment implies, I found to bo, ju il reapects, of a bigh ordor. Thoy areall adiow, wh canie hore from Now England to teach, sud, with thurough traihing aud qualitications, have conscioutiously uppliod themsclves to their work. 1n one of the rooiny, I listened to examinatious in Lnghsb grewwonr and in slgebra, Afost of tho pupils ix yoars ago conld not resd: tho 1nost roticient of thewn weronot 14 yeata of age. The examinations were much after tho vigorons cast-iron muethod ZUORT THTING TO THE PUVILS, who were roquired to demonstrate the examplen sud cito the rules of syntax with fortnal exacte nees, A Llack pirl, with 1o traco of white bicod in hior velny, want to the blackhoard aod thare- on * worked out " quita dulicult probloms 1 tho equation of the first degree,—elinination by substitution,—with » manifest clear compro- housion of ber subject, and with a roadinoss that would bave puzzied most men fivo years aftec leavini colloge, and that wonld have done credit o most of the girls attending our schools, Tho boys did o8 well; and, iu grammatical nnalysis, both girls and boys exhibited a thorongt under- standiug of the subject, that would have qaito puzzled many & professional writer for - tho Dross, A younger class, 1o mental arithwmotic, oxhibitud capacity in tho way of coocentration, elimwation of unimportant sdjuncts, and in neiziug upon the gist of a proposition, and of mathematical reasoning, that | TO ME WAH BULPRIAING. - Recontly I visited whut s cuuern\l( tle best of the public achouls of Chicago, and thore wituesged a wimilar cxamiuation 3 and cau- dur compols 100 to uav that tho Llack pupile ot Mountgomery passod their examination no loss credivably than did the Chicago boys and girlu on thut ocesion ; nud theeo biacks were or sbout tho satme ago a8 wera those Chicago seligol-chil- dreu, "'ha course at this school, properly mated, iu about such a4 that proparatory for tho Ligh- ecliools in most of tho Northern citics ; aud not & fow nogro ehildron wore there hero who, after another six months’ study, coutd pass examina- tion for the average Northorn high school, but what augured mors was the mauvifest irrepressl blo oagernens of thoso clildvon to Jeamnj it was ptociaimad in wl} thiugs, snd could not eu- cape notice. A coupls of bours’ atay thero satis- me, not only that they can loarn, but that, given Lialf & clisuce, THEY WILL LEADN, And, of all Tsaw thacin to atd iu working out tue reconstiuction of this great Bouthoyu prob- lem righdly, nsught improssed e as moro quiotly aud surely “doing rightly a full whare of tha work than the * uigger schools," Every man horo tells that tho great troubla with the negroos will bo with the next generstion. Asl, “What's the matter ?" aud the auswer will be, “Ohl tho young 'uns growing up won't work, and aro gocd for nothing." * Do they go to achool 7" T asked of eversl gentlomon who 40 oxpressed thomwelves, 4+ 0h, yes ! thoy are roady esough to goto #chool; most of them do,” was tho anuwer, givon nu though that mado the prospact, if anything, tbo worse ns rogarded the coming wogro, Aud I wuspoct it does, ‘I'ie boys who go to tho * nigyer schoola” wil lardly be contont with fleldework ss it Is now managed; and tho girls will not work in tho cot- ton-flelds and liva iu the **migger quarters," 1f thoy can posalbly avoid it; and it is dovoutly to Do wislied that, cro tiey quit sclool, they way bave learnod euough to know how to make their lot better than thut of tho presont cegro popu- Iation ; and that tho ncgro, ss an olemont of ignoranco and corruption (a8 Lo unguestionsbly bas boon aud ig), will then have boon forever climinated from Houthern politics, 1t may seem Incongruous, In view of what I Diavo alroady writton coucorniug the political uite uation hore, to state that tho politioal outoome for the nogro roputed 13 PROMINING, I havo atiomptod to falthfally roflect the seu- tinient of the whited toward tha uergo as u votor, Summed up, it is the projudice of the wealth and oducation sainst tho ighorance aud paverty as the ruling class, Besidos, thero aro prejudices of tho ante-War days; but thesoaro ponsiug away. Negro mie in Alabama lisg boen tho rale, not of nogroed, but of corpet-bagivm of the Spencer scliool. Tho nogro of tha presont gen- eration ia not dpnmhmlly aspiring to_any such extont ns would possioly lead to a political cons tost based upon the color line. He Liaa wall uigh roachied ‘the summit of hiv ambition when bo becowes 8 Justica of the 'eace, ke pilzca hiy freedom Do less than the white man, and, for fear of poril to tlat, has nover failod to vote agalnst tho ticket of the old makter- whother labeled Conservative or Democratio. That clavs to-day haa passcesion of the Adwminie- tration 10 Alabama, ‘It bae made no sssanlt up= ou the political rights of the nepro ; mamfestly it contomplates none ; snd msuifestly sny ate tompt ¥o to do I8 preordalucd fo failure. What- oyer olae may bo aald of 1t, the late oteotlon hss given the Btato . AN MONXST ADMINIGTRATION, snd ope that cnjuys_the conlldence of the entira white population,” Further, the Democracy of Alabams {4 to-dwy, 1n fact, assiduously culti- vatiug the negro vate, with prospect of “gotting o portion of it, tou, Hpenuerwm 1 dofuuct, 1¢ 'mmd hero a8 Hopublicaviam. But thero is an uluoutial Couservasive, noti-War, and old Whig clemeut, which say build up here Nopublican~ {3n3 to take the place of Bpeucerism, aud which, in any evout, 10 the full souss, accepts tbo situe ston and the begro a4 votor ; aud which, whotber it be called Ropublican or sowo other namo, will duo course of tiwme, organize an Lionest Cor ativo party, which wilt in Alabatas dominate, It muaynot bs until attor tho olection of 1870 for these Conuorvalive whiles, though disgustod at Bpeucerism, bave quitted the Bpoucer party, voted for Houston for Governor, and way vots for tho Democratio candidate for Preaident. flowover (hat be, the condl- tious that might have mado it possible fo kecp Bouthern polyjics at & doau-leot ol the question of the “ nigger " 4 AV CEASED 70 EXIST, The ambition of every politiciun in Alsbama 14 toward position in iho Htatous oneof the United Biates ; the new order v |vm|;ru-m‘,; { fwimigration must eventually haston it { and i sy sum up the thoussod indafiuablo impresss fons recsived Liere, which could nos be chroal. cled In mx columnsas wall, it 1s to the eifeot thet reconstruction is finlased In Alabsma to- day, and Ahad tLe agennies, polltieal sod luduse trial, mow in oporation, will, It undisturbod spoodily finiah tho work, Tho izegro in Alabama to-day hos & falr, equal cliauco in lifs to do for tumaolf and his futuro, an that of all of us dojeids upon onewelf, Ve, cncountora only much projudico touching lua Fawmun a4 0 factor 10 the political fFroblein as, n Lix presont condition, ho wontd most probably anconntor in tho Northern Ktate. It & very fits e, If any, mora of an olwtacin Lo his progross hero than £ wonld prove there. Recousiriction caw't recanatrugt that projudice, which wil dic of itsolf ot of tho Alsbamfane, thouzh all tho armios couldu't 8o recouniruct their opinions, Hannrru, 3 CLIEMENCY, to Convicts by the 110in=Sixty-fivo Fare Upon referring fo the follawiu list of par- dons, 1t will bo obsorved that thero sro tho namos of seven who ware a«rving life sentonces ; probably some of the oven wers only pormittad to oscapo desth by the havgman through Exeeu- tive clemones. Prolably they were at ono tuue only too glad to be allowed to breathe the air within the prison walls, Sentences for Jife are nevor passed upon a criminal. save for a capital oftouse. If thezo frequent perdoniuga of life couvicts aro to oceur, will it not be under- wtood thet the law of the lsud oa exo- cuted, 14 & taisarable fazes 7 Wil not onr critn- §in) population eesse to Lo held In restraint by tha strong arm of thelaw 7 Tais ina subject that is dubatable, and ono of no mpall Lapor- tanca to the pooplo. Will it L, or eau it b, de- uied that tho Governoris establishing su vxe tremely bad precedout, Upon 1eforring to tho acta of provious Fxeci tives, ab pulisliod in tho reports of tho Peni- tontiary Comminvioners, it iy vhiowh that for two years, from 1863 to 164, 224 pardons wero insned ; from Dec. 4, 1869, to Dec. 1, 1870, 67 Tiee, 1, 1870, to Dee. 3, 1872, 6% ; Dec. 1, 1872, to Dec. 1, 1678, 093 Dec. 1, 1873, to Dec. 1, 1874, 49 ; oud from Jaa, 1, 1 ta May 22, 1875, 65, Namer, Wodler Jepeil Jaln W, Aaarew Gilmari. Daufel U'linoa tva cation of tng Hon, Snapp). foiro. pasis) ipirod paris). Wiitia 1o, Sirish ‘o ut £0 die). Wit ‘Greon (vdi Tt Ebornos Wil Fauid custeed on new Marion frwiy'( CIE siies petith and prowcatlog mo). ol s, Hartia Colawoll,.... ot B Ril Jamos 3. Gay (ouw ‘e Aco Gbialne. o 1 1 155 1 1674 Mar. s | | 3 I!N‘“Jh it Usncook,, 9 1872 ClintoBun 1 oridya e taad furgiug; ¢ Wiiliain (¢ 3 Jatues L Senard (el dou it s ‘A, 3 i85 Ape. 2 1574 8 b, 433 THE FARM AND GARDEN. Tho Rocky Monntain TLocust---How It Difiors from tho Red-Legged Locust of Illinoie. Deatroylng the Pest, and Planting After It Leaves---What GardensCrops May Be Ralsed, The Nebraska Horticultural Society and What It 1s Doing. Experimental Horticulture..-Hormet- ically-8ealed Butter, DPrepared for The Chicago Tribune, GRAFHILOPPERS OIL LACUSTS, whticn? * Constant Roader " writes: **There is & dis- pute in this burgh a8 to which speciea tho dov- astating plaguo of last year in Kansas bolangs, Please suy whether they mre grasshoppers or locustu.” They are locustu, zud tha losect which is mis- named locuat is not a locust, but a cicado, Tho Kansas wcourgo was called | Hatoful " grasshopper by the Inte Mr. Walsh, from its Latin natue, Sprefus—despleed; not becanso e did not know 1t vaya locust, but probably bo- esuno ho was writiug to biing this scourgoe into notice in such & maoner ns would bo oasily un- deratood by ths common intnd, It is doscribed by bim, fu bis first 1lhnoi report, corrcotly, as Coloptenus Sprefus. It is of the order Orfhop- tera, and fomily Acrididir, or. secording to Weat- wood, Locusiidee, It very ueatly rescmbles our cowroon red-legged locnete, Coloptenna Feinur Pubrum, ono of the most commun of our so- calted grasshioppors. ‘fhero 1 n loug-legged. long-horned, and green tiibe of insccts. thot may properiy be cafled grosshoppers. Theso atridulatt, o make their calls by means of their wings, They nover con- gregate in wwarmy, and the fomals is provided with n ecimituy.shuped ovipositor. ‘Il tree-in- Lobiting species of this group aro callod katy-~ dids, Tho truo locusts, on tha otber hand, have ehott antennz and stridulate by mecns of their stout hind legs or hoppers. Tho locost that i now committing such rav- agos—vory properly called by Dr. Riley, Stato Entomoloziet of Missouri, the Rocky-Alountain locust—is blunt st tho extremity. Tho auus of tie femalo fa provided with two puir of horny valves, with wlhich sho is enabled to work an openiog in the coil when resdy to deposit her epgs. Our most common Illinois species of locuxt in the red-lezged variety, sud hoa often beon mis- taken for the Rocky-dlountsin locuat. Althouga dietinet, it is found ovew 1o the Rocky Moun- taine, wnd from thero to tho Atlantie. Itin de- seribed by Mr. Cyras Thowmaa, our prosent Stato Lutomologist, m Vol. 5, p. 431, Traveestions Iitinols Stato Agricultural Society, st follows : Gengtal volor, o diety redddiati-rown, A Ll:ck spot extending from (ho cyew aling the sfdes of 1ho head aud thoraz, rud oblique yeitowial Hne on each shie of dy, Leueath the wings, The elyira nurked the middle with u row of dnrky sroiv, Tue pon the sbank, or rhiti boitiud, ek The wings uro tranapareat, nale-yeliowiah st Tength, from thrue-fourilis 1o an tneh, 7 of tho fear that the Locky-Alountain locust will reach the conntry esst of the Missiv- sippl ths proscnt ceason,—wo do not beliovo 1t will, ot least uot in fit state to propagate its species,—we appoud the very caroful description ot Dr. Riley in his soventh (lust)dissouri ro- port. Teeays: Regardiug coloration, sa with Femur Rutrum, it faquie variable, aug the dewd specfeny convey & vey ltuperfect {des of thin islig co.urs, Which are ti @ivens I 1oy uoteataken du the eld: 'Tzo miore con Inots apeciaeny arv yolowish-white Leneath ; Kisncous (sen-giean, Qull qraen, clungiug 10 gray) scrois the 5 pale blutubi-glaucous, ple, on tba eddes (e middle body), aud on the fromt of vinion of tho faco; olive-brown on the top of the Lead and Pale beneatl, mora ar loas blutsh sbave, and thoras niarked with bluck, sepectally towsrds the Lase, i tho abdoimen. Tha front wingé ave the ground-color ish-yollow, inclining 1o Rroen, snd thelr 4 velus brown; tuo hind ‘wings, ex- yollowish of 'browniel shade i the aper wou along the fronl cige, and m green tint. at base, a0 transparent and cotOrieas, with The veing brown, Toe front and middle legs are yoi- Jowlali, Thu bita legs huve the thighs striped with Je glancous, and reddish un the outelde snd upper Falf oF e intde, with four braul back or dusky atks on the upper edge,—thw terminal one teuding beueatls aronnd the knee, ‘Ihe whunks sre coralered wth blsck apinea; s feel somiowhat paler with lack claws; autenns (Luros) pala yeilow ; palpd Yolnted ppendages to the maunth) tipped with biack,” In the doad spectment, ali 1hess culors be- come more dipgy and yollow, Falpisud front lecs in ¢ome specimens Muged with Ted audl biue; wid tibisa “ometimes Sellowian $aa1sad of od, aspiclally i the middle. The mules very in longth, sccardingto the very completo tables of actuat messuremont by tho samo nuthor, from 1.10 to 1,63 inches, snd the females from 1.15 to 1.53 inches. TUE PRACTICAL QUESTION OCCURS, What is to bo done 1 the regions dovasiated by this locust-ucourgo now for the ssoond year? 3 Cibatios i iy uf‘u‘i’uh‘u..“ ‘uu lmlun i e — THE SINGER'S APOLOGY, 1f T ruay not, likio sho skylark, Boar wilh glorious burats of song Nor, like peusive nightingale, 4 modt ravishing prajong Nor, a liftle tiotd Honet, Syweelly qush in hawihorp-trea; 1t & warbler to cntrau.e you Tmay never, never be; 1f to wake the distant schaas 1 Liave (0 Roles,—or but nne,— e it tnourning dove's of cuckov'sy— Wikl fall soul I will sing oz, God has room for all His croatures, And 1ka varted tone of sack Fhils the air wilt richer muslo ‘Than the siugle silv'rest spesch, Monotcnes may be full royal; Sfouoton b And tho note I'd viuy in dyng 14 tho golden note of Love, Mother-love,~of all most tander, Nover dylug, over fres; Lovor's luve,~the wost octatic} Filal love,~oo swest to me; Lave of anpels hovering o'er ns,— Guiding, guarding ua from brm 3 Fuihier-loye,—~tha krest All-Fullist's, ¥ulliug us with beavealy calm] Bouls distraught by angry vol Faint with foll, end care-opprests Loves of Earth, 0z loves of Heaves, Hafuly suug, lusy give you rest, Love atil bring surceass of sorrow, Lave vual vy of brighte ortow, | O Tocull therdays of Youllee " Riug tho sliver bells of Youiht AMana B, HOLYOXE, —— A Child Shut Up and Forgotten. A Norwich (Coun.) lotter to the Hariford Timey ssyer *'In the Greenville Bchuol Dis- trict B0 1O Weoks g0, Oua of the female toachera fuflicted what has proved to be a terriblo punishment on a little ooy not yot & yoars old, "It weeiny o wau detected in wpitting on big elato, and the teacher shut Lin uplu » voom, fockiug bitn fo, When the school was di | pavrow, veutilated ricks, missed for diuncr bo was forgottou, ‘I'lie chila's motlier, a poor widow compolled to work in tho will to bupport a large faonle, mivsed tha child, aud on hul:’ur found bim looked up and u o state of inubeclllty, 11e 14 stilt uuder the phiysis cinu'u cayo, With some bopo of his ultimsio yo- covery. The mother, of courso, i obliged to give up work to watoh over Ler obild, and bo- yn:.:d [ “l:"’l:." ;g‘m t!ao h;ch:;. téluo d;:«u ot seem anything done by the Commities or an,body eise toward alding” bar la ber difi- If they get wings and fly any tims in June, plant corn, In 1809, in Central Ininois,—the scason whon that country was deluged with rain up to uearly tho 1st of Juls, aud whon many of tho farmers did not make corn onough to feed their teams,—we replanted 150 scres early fu July, snd, the autumn Leing Iato, were enabled to cut the crop in season, 5o tho corn was fatrly eavod, and yieldod su average of 85 bushols por acro. How corn for fodder, at the rate of 8 buahola per acre, upon freshly-plowed ground: or iu drills 80 fucties apart, i tho rate of 6 pecks E" scro. On cleau ground, rolled, sow broadcast, $ bushiels per acre and plow lightly in. It may be 3ut with s strong mowing-wichine, and a good Sedder will assivt greatiy iu makiug it intofoddor, Put 1t into good-mized cocks fram the raiv, and spread oceasionally until dry, and then staok iu At all events, donot allow your lsnd to grow up to weeds. 1f you koep I{m land clean, the fullaw will st least sssint you next year to male up the losses of UEFORE THE LOCUSTS UKT WiKas, they may be killed tn a varioty of wavs ; but it takea work, aud tho trapping aud kiling must Lo entered into nynl!muuclhy end by cotnmuni- ties, When they cover s county iu tho winged utate, their reduction by humun sgoocy " -fingnlhur impractical ; but, even then, gar- ous sud orcliards moy Lo sowotimes ssyed by * persistont nud welt-organizod labor, ‘Thoy may by driveh from orchard-troes by holding dwmp, siokiug straw whore the fumos will reach them. Vot quantitios may bo cought Sy bag neta of strong litian laco, or oveu mili- mety the bag 2% to 8 foot fong, put on a utrong uoop 8 fuor in dismeter, They moy be n from fleldy br comtinual FOPIDR ; thas is, drawing & long ropa with & horue at each end, pulling 80 it wilt ko kept taut. aleny will yemomber whon ‘h‘lfl’llfl Wad prac- ticed against rust in wheat, Bofors they wre wiuged, thoy may bo killed with Leavy rollers ; or by bolg driven upon » stsip of land_coataln- ing straw, aud theo sotting it on lre, Nets may prosd converginyg to given points, and thus the insootu may be driven into treuchies between the wings and dewtroycd. Indsud, thero are are tany ways whiob will be anggeated to tho practical s, in their immmedi ate viciuity, Bat 1t will bo Iabor,—hard labo; and yot 1t may well repav tho ‘cost, whon only alternstive may be, perhapu, starvatian. WUAT GABDEN-CKOYS MAY RE BALIKD LATE. Loets, parsuips, carrots, and iutabagas, may be sown a8 lato a8 the lat of July, iu the latl- tude of Miscourl mud Kausas, aud oven vorth, and produce fair crops, if thero aro sossonsblo raiog, Doots wud easrots will even mako fulr crops for fucding stock ; bat, if this is intended, mow msugel-warzel, aud tho larze llelgian carrot. Eorl glmsor oller early varies tiew of potatoes ma’ planted o4 lxte s the 4th ot Jul orops; fudeed, better than if plaated June1; for thoy will blovsom and attoln a fair slze afser the hioat of tho sum- mier {8 over, ‘Thus, in ihess soroly-dovestated regious, with y, Aud 1n in connection with the true development of the Weat, and ona that should occapy the attention of esory sottlor in tho praitie regions, not only of tho "Far West, but also in tho oldor-sctitiod prairis Etates, wo shall continuo to urgo this wattor until the psoplo are thoroughly awakened to the necessities of the caso. 'Tho writer of thin stated, at the time of tho oxtensive forcat-fires in Alichizan, Wisconsm, eud Jinnosots, thet tho event, in cone nectlon withy the destruction of timbeor for lumber, ond in_ the clearing of farms, would hava & marked effect upou the distribution ot rain. \We have had now four very dry sensons, and tho ond rosms not to ho vet,” 18 may expoct 8 recurrence if thio proper remadios aro not anplied. A principat remedy I8 tho plauting of timber,—bot so much to wuka raiu ak to equalize tho roin-fall, Wa ara glsd to noilco, from Prosidont Allon'a fopart to tho Legiolature, that Nebraska rot ont 12,000,000 forest-traea in 1574, and 1,000,000 ap- ple-tieea. Nabravka also liaw the honor of have ing fnnugurated the Arhor-flay, or tho setting sparta day in the rpring for the planting of tim- herotrees, Other Biates havo followed he exam- ple. Let the good work go on, A number of Westora Htnfes, particularly Tannay, are planting lacgely. Wo ray agaln, as wo hiavo satd many, timen in yeurs past, thero Is :‘l‘: bettor Loritage A man can Joave his ohildren an A YORENT OF TRE Prenident Allen, in a letter, that wo urge & sirong turnont from the Weazern Btates at th next meetiog of the American lomological So- ciety, in Chicago, in Hoptember. e havo al- rondy done 8o, aud aball do soaualn, Ho says ; * Wo hope, notwithstanding tho untoward wine lezltn tnake the finest display of frults evor e, The 1llinols Xtate Iforticnltursl Socloty aro actively engagod in forwarding the work, and un arrangoment is slaady nonrly fnlshied Ly which spucs for the axhiintian will be provided in tho Tnter-State Exposition bulding. We ptated. nshort timu nince, that tho Horti- cultural Connnittes vould provido tents! This Lna sluco—vors wisely, we think—been aban- doned. Nebraska promlaes thin year to endeavor to ox- ccod lier mayvificent divplay made at Doston, tond! Let the Wostern States fall into hne ay fart a8 may be. Toll us what you cau do, and we will keep the paoplo posted ‘through the col umns of Tt TRIBUNE. F'rosldent Atlon teporty 1o graeshoppers (lo- curty) visiblo abont Omaha, Good el tlo also writos: *Whoat splendid. Corn- planting going on ive times greator than ever before,” That slso is good nows. Tho corn will sl be wauted at psying priced, we think, this rear. THE WARSAW (TLL.) HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, The 3ny meotin: of this live Bociety, Leld at tho reridones of Mr. G, P, Wallier, was well at- tended. ‘Tho Boclety, since its last mosting, hay l\':r‘- ono of its wost valuod memberu, Mr. Charles itire, After tho preliminary businoss had been transacted, the discussion took au agricultural tury, 'The subject of sait and other commor- cinl fertilizers wad discassed. The Bacrotary, M., Jiathaway, did pot beliove in going for com- rewreial miznures. Ho said Gioverund ealt arn all wa nced to mako our oit sa Tiek 2n we deeire, Bow clover an it winter whoat {u tlie early apring, say March, with 1 bushel of walt to the ucre, and thircs nioniba blier th wheat i burvest- ed you Liase an alundant crop of grors to turn under, thiat will it your fand for a xbod crop of corn, 4 you ciaonse, of uby uther yout may deeire the uext msaaon, By thix process, you tot only keop up, but {ncrease, tlie fertility of Your lund, Ouo word for clover: "It heinz a perennial, with a stroug tap-root penetrating deep tnto tho soil, decsying 1t Traves 3 bola into which lighe, Leat, snd watar— threo necemuary cesentials 1o vegatalo growib—are frovly_adifited into the woll, No otlier careal Lisa the rame feriflizing properties, Sait, ut thin distance frim the ocean, ls onr most avuilabie o8 well s economical fertilizer for all kinde of frufi-trow. Nothing xo ntitulates a rapld aad Dealthful groth, Lsaldc beiug deatructive to usects cha 4 S0 b larva staté, o4 our plum.destroyer, the carculio. FOr grune, 2is0, 2 ta i) bushels ta tba sore e proved equal s fale top-dressing of barn-yard miauure, ‘The President inquired what por-cent of bloom on apple trees, McCuna aud Grover—As miuel as fast vear. \Walker—3ore than lust soar. Jammou Au average. Hathawsy, ‘Whitaker, Winune, and others—An sverage. Elder and Catkins—Doluw an averago. From appoarances the spplo-bloom is nearly an ood a8 last vear, Early cherry, yory fino ; peachos, seattoriine; plums’ and pears, good, bad, aud foduTerent. An jovitation to the company to look tbrough Ar. Walker's orchard showed & large aversga of bloom, His Halo's early posches had some good-laoking blooms. A sumptuous dinoer, with the unremitting at- tentionw of the bost sud hosterd to mako all enjoy tho occasion, added another ovi- decce of the ‘woclsl festures of the Hoclety's meetings ; all of which wero suitably appre- ciated by the company prosent. EXPERIENTAL HORFIOUTTURE, M. W. J. Boal, V'rotossor of Lotany and Tlor- tienltore at tho Michigan Agricultural Colloge, sonds tho results of exborimenty tn planting pota- toes on tha Coliogo wwrm. In one of tha experi- mente, Campbell's Lato loso was tho varioty relocted, with tho following results,—tha plant- 1ok belng May 7, 1874 ; sofl, a_sandy loom, not very‘r(nh; six bills boing used for esch experi- ment : Blossoms removed aa formed~potatoes welghtng 11 e, 8 oz, Yisnted intop of ridge 9 lnches high~welghad 18 0. Planted 1 foot deep—13 s, Planted 6 leles deep—13 Tos, 8 0z, Plauted on surfaca, xnd covered with straw—18 D, Plauted ooe-third of ssed.cnd of tuber—17 Ius, oz Tlinted two-thirds of stem-end of tuber—34 b, Yiauted tuber with sprouts 8 inches long—15 1a, Piaated tbers with vprouta removed—s e, Rutnoving anout one-third of che lope st fhres dif- forent thaca after the tops Vere quita large—velghed Tops Iayered and raoted—10 e, 8 oz, “Topa traitied t0 i muki—1l e, 1In rolation 10 50 varioties of poiatoes planted May 20, Prof. Boal says but little value can be giveu to the results as shown, ‘The noxt soason muy chango the relative yiold of many kinde, and the next after may différ from both the pre- vions ones. This yoar, 260 varictios will" be tned. The Farm and Gardon " would suggest tuat the value of much oxparimental sgriculturo is in the collectlon of facts conuected with tha ex- !;:nmenm, and fo the resnits fram year to yoar ing presorvod, collocted, arranged, and aver- sged trom time to time, Corti waa planted b different depilis. Bomie wes dropped (s4x hilin fn each fot) ou the aurface, aud cav~ urod 'with &3 inch of #oll compremted. TLat Inauted o1 the Gurface always kept shewd of ‘uif tho teat, al- thougl tiu eot] wae dry s dust when planted on sandy Lend, Some waa planied a foot deep and yrew tolera- Lly wall, Y eua were planted st diferent depth, from an fncls toafoot, Those v iuches down did aa well ssany, Tuoss deeply planied stood drought best aud ylelded beat, " Wo tmually laut 4 luclon decy, wxcapt for the very earliest of uarly susty,~then 3 luchea deep, Cross-breeding upples 1+ done by transferring the pollen of one varlety to tio pistila of snother varlty. "To fusure a cross, the flower 10 b fertilized mual firvé Bave ile stamens removed whllo young, and the ; fitil el up tu Jittly, tight sack, ‘Tho object of crosuing 8 40 gwt improved vorioties from tha seeds planted, We do not know what wo et fu_any case, but 14 aeerts well eatubliahed in most cases ihat tho reaulta Wil Ly raore iikely favorabls by crosing two good varelles than by niot crorsing st all, oth crossea botwesn Talman Guwvet and tho Wogner eoned ta aliow th fect of the cross in tha color snd Vot of tbe fruit The flavor was declledly HERMETICALLY-HEALED DOTTER. ArNEva Lixe, Wis, Moy h—dgricultiral Kiites Chicugo {rioutie: Altce & somowliat Warm Gis- ctsviun with & nelghbor as to tho feuiLility of pack. ing butter i ate.tight tin cases, wo arranged our div. pule by wgreeing to make inquires through your taper, * The question {n disputa s, Will ste-tight tin cates corroda when butter i packed in thoni? Butter anasa, cked in new, bright tln cases, sud hermetically sealed, will koep, iu s cool placo, intact indotloitoly, The tin will uot corrode lu- side, at lesst not uutil'tho rust, if any, shall have eateu through from the outside. Yorloug Won-voyages this I8 sometimos practiced, For ordint transportation and use, thers is no better way tlan to pack in now, aweat, white-oak packsges, headed up, 8a proviously given io Tum usoado Toiausx. r, e ——— The Effact of #resence ef Mind. Brooklya Kagle, What cooluess muy do in wich exsed se the Holyoke dissster was ouce well illustrated by the great German sctor, Liilo Dowrieut, Tao Orand Theatro st Viouun was crowdsd, o= Emperor Fraucis, with weversl niembers of Lig fawily, was [u the imporial box, 'fhe pluy, Bouiller's ** Robbors,” hwd rusched ité third act, whon & cry syose that tho stcgo was oo fire, Devrient slgoed at onca to the prouipter, vko Jowered the castain, the uctor stoppiug cub in front of it ero is whoily fell. Ju ke c)'m-r, clarion voice, Lo eald; '*There is uo fire. The Fmperor hos been despoiled of an sigrette (t dismonds ou enterivg sl theatre, No honexs man will objoct to being searched. You will cave, (lis farmer may Lmlupu ssutut himselt to oko out Komethiug fur the witter, NEURANKA HONTIODLTORAL 8QCIETY, Wo have rocsived & pamphlot fuiued by the Nobrasks flanlfulluul Bociety, vonteining the addross of thoe Prosdont, Juwos ‘£, Afien, Esq. o very propari; ml\llwuilvwn\lun:l to urgo the planting of timber, This is » work thas fum Tunusa bss nos ceased to oall atiene tion 10 lu years pmb; snd, belleviog ft to be wus of the mosd {mporiaas ogs X 006 by oue et each several eutranco snid ,:'.‘efi'r'u,ea h; tho polica stationed as tho weve eral doore. Auyioen sttempting to go cui of arder will be arrosied,” Tha crowd, degelved Ly $ho cooluews sud tho churge, poured out. 2 each reachod the doar be was wiaply lold to hurey onj just aa the leat rows.of the DLE(F allory wers filing out, tho flames burst thioLgh e curtain, suvel o%cd the auditorium, butnei 1ife waa loat, though fn less than balf ws heux afeor the great bnfid‘u wak {a rolos,