Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, May 15, 1875, Page 2

2 THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SATURDAY. MAY 15, 1875—~TWELVE PAGE THE FARM AND GARDEN. Care of Iarm-Machinery---The Best Lubricators. Bomething Abont Bres---How Net to Got Stung. ©Ono Man Gets Polatoes by Planting in the Xoou=-=Auother by Plauting In the Ground, Whon and How to Plant Lvergroons. * FPrevared for The Chicars Tribuna, ! TOR CATE OF FATM-MACHINGEY We have hoard compotout snachinints ray that fully one-quarter of tha value of machinory was lost by » failnra to keop the bearing surfaces woll oilod. Our obacrvation I4, thst farmers, 28 & rule, uss too much oll on tha bearings of farm-machinery, andtd the detrimont of tho bearinge. They put on large quantities of ofl, but not sufliciently ofton. Tho use and valus of ofl sro to keep tho sur~ facea apart, eo thoy mny not grind, and to fur- pish a edium upod which thoy may alido or roll upan cach otlies, with tho loast possible fric- ten, Tode this properly, Judgment must bo ueed. If too much ofl be given, thesurplus fm- wodmtely runa away, and 1a Joat ; If not enough s given, the boarioga mia and wear tpon “each othor, and aro Boon destroged, or renderod so 1oaso na Lo hacomo comj: y worthlesn, 8o, the first thing to Lo coneiderel f8 Lho oxach quantity of cil to propasly lubricato the sur- faces without waets, and tho tmo in wrhich the oil will baworn asng, which will bo in propor- tion to the awiftucrs of tka motion. Aecording to expetiments in France, iho frictlon of wonden sitrinces rubbing on wood smounted to from one-quarter to onc-hait of the Cotea emploged. Tha friction of matsl on wood woas somothing less; whils the friction of motal cu motal ecrfsces was frox oue-flith to ono- soventh, Lard, apslied to wood on wood, ro- ducod tho fictlon from one-tauth to ono- twenty th of thie power required ta raove the nurfaces dry; and, on metal runaing upon wotal, tho friction wa3 reducod to one-half of what it was befora, X TIE VEXT LUNMICATORS, One of tho best aubstances for Jabrieating cast-izon rannicg upon cast-iron that so have ever nvod. I8 oil or lard and black lead—plum- bago. Tho best lubricators for wrought-iron axlto aad the fast-ranning bearings of machine oty 8 puro of}, entirely frood from all gummy tubstauces, If machinory coulil ho kept ontirely reo from dust 2nd other grit, the bearinge and journals would Inet indofinitely. This is, Lowever, im- posaiblo to da perfeotly; but, by keoping tho boxea through which journals are oiled carofully covered, eud by occasionally wiping cuch parts as nmy be got al when oiljog, grent wasto of pover mav bo saved, sud the value sud useful- ness of machinery prolonged, A caeo im point will sutica far ail. QILING AXLES OF wAGOXS. Gtod wazoners always wipe the axloa of their waguus Lefera thoy re-oil them ; very fow, how- ever, wipa tho boxea; and yob the eno i3 as cy- seutial ag the other, aud one i on easily douo as o ather, ifow? 8bhave m spindle to fit the oo through tho bub, Cover 1t with & pieco of elolh, nnd, mmluf: it within the hub, iv ta easily clonned, This will keav your wheels trua fora Jong time, 2ud save much labor to your texm and ‘yozation to yoarsetf. Manufacturors aud thoso who sell machines wall kuow that {mplements and machivery will last more than doublo tho length of timo for somn farmers then for othera. ‘Tho reason is simplo: T'hey are carefully oiled, aud za carefally kopt when not in use; for any man who s care- 1ul in tho cara of machincry whon iu uso is nlxllgfvl 28 guro to care forit when not in uso. 5 men, for instance, novor buvo troublo with the eartli loading on their plows ; thoy nover upend Lin}f a day soouring their plows on the rood, in iho mpring 3 their plows ave always bright, winter snd summer, They, whon tuo plowa bave dono tholr gpring worl, cloan thom thorvughly, avd PAINT THE BRIGUT SURFACEd with kerosena and lsmpblack, and put them whero thio coating may not be rubbad or et washod awsy, Wheatfre bearingn of muchines Reb gummny from the use of had odl, thoy clenn thoso aino with Leropeno, and are olways por- tioular to pet only tha best oil when poasibla. 'T'koro may bo & groat doal of mouoy Aud hores- flesh saved by propor nitention to and cloanfi- neen in aillng farm-machiaery, and in properly earing for it whilo not in nsa. SOUKMIING ABOTT DEXS, Tvory subirban bhousehold 1may, and should, Xoop ono or two swurras of boes. 'Thoy are ln- tareating, and the dangor of being stung i al- most nothing if they aro_rightly managed,—that is, ni6 Dot sbused,—for becs do not ating unless frightenea or ronghly handled. 6!1:11 you get uked to theun, ond thoy to youo, cover the be=d end nock with & shiold of cottan- lase, when thay are to bo thoroughly ecatnined, or procurs 8 bee-dross,—a loowe govm, reaching to tho feet. Nover bo fu nny haste 1u any opora- tion aboat tho hives of bewy. In the examina- tion of the hivos, quies them with o 1lttle anioko Diown smong them; give them five minutes to 11l thewselyes with honoy, and thoy will bo a0 docilo that, i you do not crush them, orget thom uched botwean the wkin sud clothlng, thero in 1o danger from their stinging onds, pergon Inay even tear au old box-biva to pieces with on ax, tio.nomo of the pleces of houey end brood Into the trumes of 8 modom bive, and traosfer the beeu thoroto, without boing stung, It you alroady bave n kwarm in somo ono of the piodern fruino hivos, aud suspoct they aro snfestod with moth, or thet tho comb iy moldy from waut of vontilatiog, then, \UEN APPLE-TREES ARL IN BLOESOM, seloct another eimilar bive, end, quicting tho boed with a Hitlo smolie, open the hive in which the boos arc, and, carcfully removing one frane ofier anolhor, clesn them ; and, vojecting wil moldy comb, or that infestod with moth, put thous frames juto the uew hives, with ak mony of the becs a3 poesible, by shakinug what are left in o old hive into tho new. Cluna it up, sot it whare the old ono stood, and tako the ©ld ono .mk Thua yon hava essily, and withons rouch trouble, givonihe bues now and cleau quariers, —{n faot helpad them to clean bouss, . DORING TUL TIALE OF BWALMING, whena swarm [ssuce from the hive, do not hursy and fume, Do not [:Jnt tin-pauy and malie tho day hideous with tho boativg and stouting, It oftonor drives boes than otherwive, If they serm dnolined to o off, o little water dexhed amoug them, or sand shrown iuts tho awann, ‘will ofton haston tiiclr disposition o oluster. In nino casos out of ton they will 3 this them- azlves, if loft alone. ‘Whon falrly sostlod, having provided = clean Wiy, cut the brancl upou which the swam rastd, earcfully, 80 asnot to far the beew, aud wdiako thawm mio thio hive; or “shako thein down Lo and near the ontrauce, whon, by brughiog them alighitly with some sofb subaiauce, ngn Ssather-brush, they will quickly and quisly euter. 1f tho awsrm have clustored 60 low that ths bivsgan babold undor thew, thoy miny bo immediatoly shicken thonca luto the hive, It the Legs cluster upon you, do not be uueasy or adratd, 1f you do not Kurt thom, they will soon 1aave, Whbat causes stinging 18 VEAR AND FIOUTING. Juro ud July aro tho larvest-timo for beos in the Weat. But, i prairio-reisions, thoy gather s good deal of immy from wild _fowers in lato Auguet and tho fora patt of Soptemuor. St thay they aro pravided with enpu for anrplus honoy as carly 2a the widdla of Juve, and kesp a shiarp watoh for mothenitlers—galierea eereanti— st all timcs, and kil all you find, Thoy are aneky gray, ncliniug to brann io color, and do- pout their egxa in the crovices of tho bives, from which tho youog larvee, whou batchod, eat thoir way into thie bivew, living on tho was, splusing an they o, and pomolimoes ostirely fhliug tho bives with #iclr webs, to the deatruction of tho PLANTINO 1N THE 300N, We generslly plant early potatoes just as 2000 anthe front 48 out of tho grouud aud the 0l auitled, and, for the cwbn“ Crop, Ay 8oon theroalter a8 gouyonlont,~always befory eoine planting timo, Why? Iecanso, M youdo not SUI * goadd growth to your viuoa beforo hot sud ry heather oty iu, the crop fapinchad, With earller varisties, au the Roye wud York, itinuires tho cxop ripe in August, aud with late variorles, Yiks Poachblows, 3t gives thom what shey ro- quire, tho whulo sctdon to grow eod qm cool Rutuwn to ipen in. ‘Thia sesuon, froa ons canxo and another, we did not pluut nutil May 6, just at the tunoe of tLe paw moon. Woshould not bave recollected tho §hasc of thie now moon but that an Lngliwhman, & farmer liviog & mile 4ix:ant, came to got tho suariier, woick, by the wey, we liad barrowad of &x ooed baighbor, Bo babwean ey felsady mm;nfivn lluhnll e;ll Moon-F:;lch, and ourselvos, 8 following colloquy ensued ¢ ‘Moon-Earier - What | |1Xll\l|n' potatnos 2 Qurrolf—' Yea : it looks lika it, don't it 7" M. ¥.—* Ard in tha new of tha moon, 'Lno‘ You nevor will gat anything bat tops, tien." ' And why not 27 M. F.—* Oh!'if you plant in the now of the moon, you get tapa: in the okl uf tho moan, yuu ot bottonts, 1'vo saon peas grow 9 cr 10 fect high, planted In the naw of the moox, and nos ano pod oit the ihat s moer, Now, Ihava heard that peas, or anything thn sted of which ferminated qwelly, sbonid Do plavted in the new ot tha moun, aad thosa which germinated slowly in the ofil of tho noon. M. F.—* No, yon must {)hut overvthing in the old of the moon, or elus it waon't do well. I tell you what it s, you've got & good deal to loarn about farmin'." 0.—'*No doudbt aboutthat. 1 lesrn nomathing every day; overy senyiblo farmer vods.” Ai; Fort* Yon'don't call youraoll a farmer, do yon i 0,—"Wall, yes and no, Nawadays I don't do much At it,—Jist ouough to keep ma honlthy.” M. F,—*Goin' to plaut any eorn " O.—**Yes, » litlls nipht aud na little mera avery two wosks, but the main erop from the 25t of Juns to tha 10:h of July." . I.—" And you oxpect to et anything from that Into plantia’ 7" i 0,—* Yeov, I ahall got my monoy from that. 5. I, (seratching fiia ewd)—* T gueas you'va rot Boranthing to learn about corn, as well as potatoes.” ~ “Well,” enld we, turning abont and retiing down tho ket of potatoes which wo had slung to our nncli, 7o tro wight eauily drop two rows at ovee, ** this Jand fs well plowed, marked ontwaly atraiszht, and withoat variation, Wa commenceld plowing tins moruing, ‘There1s a squara soro. h wan itted and wiacked ; wo bavo aix bashels of potatoes, on a half-ncro, to plant; it wilt ba finiahed and covorod befora the atara ceme ont, nad thet without any hoeing. Wo zro sfinid that, of the two, yon oro tho one who must leavss aomathing of farming. How long lave ¥on hean farming hato 1.4 Aboue filteon yaara,” }énw ml;ull corn and polatoes do you yeas ¢t +About 10 to 15 seres of eorn and 2 or Jof potatora.” O.—** Always plant them in tho poon 2" M. Fo—*' Yo, [ Alwass ot larga and uniform crops £ *WWoll, n-no ; soniatiines one thing and 3 another proveuts it; gendaily falr, mm;t kS though ' O,—" If you had 1,600 acres of corn aud 50 to 100 acres of pobatoes to plant, you wonld nod vrobably et them all in at a certain stago of the moon, would you? You would bo glad than to Plaut whon tha soil, and not tho £100m, was right. Aceording to your ovn guowing, you mist bave cultivatod sbout 180 to 200 acted of coin fu tho it fifteon yeary, and porhups 80 acres of pota- toss. Now, we have ruisad rore potatons in ono eeason than you ever havo raldud i your life, and more coryt in ono year thsn i€ you, living 103 yearu yot, ohould continue to plant the sama nunibor of acron you hinvo boon used to planting. 1t iy the roil, roavon, nud enfiivation that mnke ceopd, sud not tho tine of tho meoa in winch thay ara planted,” Could yi.a convince such & mon as that? No. And yut, if Lis thoors i4 trite, my neighbor whom I halped to plant potatoes fiva duss bofors, and | in tho oid of the woon, xhould got all bottoms and mynolfl ail tops. We ehall peo. There 1a just so muth in this moon theory, nnd no mose : planta do grow fater in light nights, wrobably, than 1n derk ones; and thus such plants 2 conio up quickly, plantad | whon the woun {8 now, may, wiil favorablo woather, grow faster; nud potatcos, which are Alow in germinativg, planted after tho full of tlio moou, and comiog up when the nighta are light, may, undar favorable clrcumstauces, seem to grow faalor; but that thero ia wny differance inthe ontcome, no carcfol oxporimenta made hisve ever slowi. TRANSFLANTING EVERORELNA, By tho timo this zonches the rurai readera of Tax Trinuse, the season will hnvo come fortrans- Planting evorgreen, or, rather, couiforous treee. The bert scason for this worl o fust at that timo whon tho buds havo broken iuta now leaf, or from tha 4ime whon the buds hava biret antil tha new growth is half.an-inch loug,—althoagi, with care, thoy misy bo snfely tranuplanted any month in tho year, ‘Thero sre more evergrecna loat by a'lowing tho ro. ta to beewtes dry alier taking up, than in any other way. ‘Llisrofore, whon tey are Jifted, w0 that tho roois ars agnin immodiately covered. Have yonr holea all ready bofore the treca aro taken to thom for plenting; work the earih oare- fully and firmly about the rcote, allowing thom plenty of space, #o thoy may not bo crowded ; fasten thow sacarely, so thoy may not bo blown abaut by tho wind. 1f tha gronnd i diy, wator thoroughly when the roois areall covered ; whon the water Jias entlrely settled away, Dnish gove oriug with earth, and foston {hony o thoy may not oe blowu abowt by ths wind., Muloh thor- oughly, to kosp tho rauisture in, and thore nead be bat littlo fuwr of loas ju ordiuary secaons, WHEN YOU PLANT Y61 ORNAMEST, do not plant too thickly. A fow treos properly distributed on a lavn are hundeoma; maoy sre unsightly, aud soog pradecs thicketa. The valua of evorgreens ia tholr eolor and symmelry, Tho vaiue of a daciduong trea on the lavn lloa both fu Ha beauty and its shade. One %0od ehada.res ou & hallaere lawn is evough. Two Norwny grritcos uext tho rood aro als0 eanongh, Then yoa 1oay Bl in aa you pleass, with shrubs and othor low-growies things. Yon may indeal plant tliekly nt first,~far mure than you will neod,—botl of {resu and nbrobs; they will mako the lome pleanant, Rnt, it you plant thick, remecinboar you must thin quiek, Hora s whore s majority of plant. oro fail. Yo kuow just whea to thin in whore the difficnlty comes in, Ilave you planted too ihiclk in yozre paat? Lose no timo i dociding that you will bogin to cul out, and study care- fulty” what may be moat properly tiken in order $o prosorve tho best offect. II you hove not plaoted, Joas no timo ia doing 80; fora treo is o thing of beauty, and " A thing of boanty lg & joy forevor.” 2, ypaniuvh [inoncoss Longon Spsslator, The zeosunts of Spanish flnance grow worts than evar. According to the Aadrid correspond. ont of the Thnea, tho rovenuo, whici in 1871 wad £98,00,00, 1% now wot nbovo L16,000.00, while the debt hay roached .£530,000,060, ai 3 per cant, o {ntercot nbsorbing within a feaotion tho cnilro rovonuo, Of courso tho fnterest is mot pald, and excopt under soms compromino in baunkruptey nover will ba. Bpalw coula scarcoly ruiwe mors then 50,000,000 & year by any exor- tion, or afford mors thrn a fourtl of that for tae intorest on the debt. Ascordion to 8, Balaverria, tho war expeaditiure now sbaorba £15,000,600 n year, or ncatly the whola rovenuo, loavivg -£1,600,000 for thio civil servico, the maglatracy, the Ohureb, and the contrul department of publie worka. _Until tho war onds, and Cuba 1 olthor roleased or pacitled, taers f¥ 1o hops of improvo- ment ; and, ovon whon it ends, n bankruploy of sowe kind must be procloimed, ‘The Spanisl Troacury is etill much botter off than tie Lrena- m-{ of F'rauco was whon tiva States-Goueral wore called fogether, but then Spain Lins not & poople ready to chaog: eif, snd enduro all in the hope of mriv an Utopla, Joaguin Miler New York Triune, Joaqnin Miller, since bio 1aturn to England from Ltaly, has been budy on a neval af Califor- e life, ** Tirst Funulios in the Bicrras " waa Lig first cholco of titlo, but the book will ho pnb- lished nuder tho butter nwoie of **In a Califor- nig Bdon.” MMr, Miller knowa somothlny of the lite of which he fs writlog, sad wusies no timo in getting at Lis subjoct, **Now thor wisa younz Doboon from Loston,” tha talo bogins, *who waoa very loarnied man; in fact, he waa ongof thoso foorfully learned youny mon,—n t0au who conld talk i all tougues aud thluk in noin. Lorbiaps Lo bind sonie tira bucn a waitor,"” In this wisa the roader plunges in wmedias res, and fiuds himsel? in the turmoil of an oloction for Judyo at “'The Forka' !r. Miller hasn frao pon u hia proas, and duehes aloug from tho atart liko a Wterary Phuil Bhondan, The novel srlll ba published by Robarts Brothors, v, Mil+ ler in suld to bave completed nlao & new volume of poems and a novel of Italian lifo. — . A Banlie Adventurcs Franklin (N, C) Courfer, ® ¢ ¢ \yhile wallifuy; through o path from Porry's Chinich wite ruw 8 large wnko comnlng tos wavds bar; 1t very vaturally frighteced hor, auid sho ran sithall’ Ler koced (she waa uuly 18 {_m- of age), aud the anake zight attor hor, ‘ory saon 8ho canie to & emall crool that erowsad lorpath, and congin **Bally Diliard " Nko who propecod to craay, but the snake caught ber just 4 she 18rchied Lho bank of tho crook, ond com. menced winding bimsalt aroand her log fn o mannor too tight for comfort, Sho soized tho mgtllo by the throst with one hand aud with tuo otber drow hor Lnifo from her pocket, which €ho opened with Liar tootn, and out oif hitg snakes ship's hend. ———— 50w Bnin Ward Caok Wam, 1 eoak It for four duys in waler, changing it four timea n day ¢ thun boil it ve bounrs i cider, with & wisp of mow lay; thon I vaste it with broudy, whorry, or olaret, sccording to tho weathe ’on sndh\:umhz“ymMVu unm:mn slica of that A, W 218 Anyclity wand cwk““: 2 4 yilug 4 in THE NATIONAL CAPITAL. A Gloomy View of tha Southern Polit- ionl Bituntion by = Foroa-Bill Rzpublican, Chinese Slavery In California=-=Assassis nation as o Means of Correctlon, ~ William King'e Errly Exploits in tho House Post-Office. Fron Our Own forrespendent. A OLOOMY YIEW OF TIIE BOUTH. WasmoTos, D, C., May 12.—1lore is another viow of the political ontlook in tho South, snd of ine vozeiblo renult of the sbolition of the colov-fine, A promiuent Suuthoin Republicun writes, in & vory despunding tono, to Lhis city ¢ Tho purpo:03 ot tha Democratie farty Bonth ara o wdorsiont at tho North, The old voceeaion lead- uis contivl e party, They lufnss fole tie young muen thoir spirke of hosttiily to_the Nortl, snd'to tho Feueral Guvernmeat, by _appeala to fholr Suuthern ments, sud by’ plorification of thio lost cause. They inlentify their presndicss cgatnat. the negrn, anid agatinst all, Korth and_ Souily, who ara tre frieuds of 1o eivil nind politlest equality of il aew, by craatleig # botief that the people of the North derite to put (Lo N over tho whitd poymltion af the Sontis; tiat the Neritirn proople urs the friot he uegro, and not l our whilto y 1o hnmbir- &ty tho Hout ple Soutls nder the ceat i y A tha dintirbed state of thinge South, they weck tn gl it to & xeester or losd degros the large” msjority «f sir whits popuilstioa, ' of the lealern §x, nud thoy work for I8 21 fdeilty, bo render tho Hoatham s tile taes witls Towiit ally hioottla to (b Qovernment, &lse, and akillinlly use thu numer of which our disturoed condition L xo | L oml, 5 restis to b Thelr plan of aceom; seznre Democratie eont Al of tho Houlbem titato Governmouis When thoy lve once dong thle, dong for =2l time, The negte will thon De Licazd 2o moro ns au_elsment of politival porver, Tira swhife men Who have taken decidod aul prowduen 3 tn favor uf_ths Governtaont will bo foread to 10 atith, nnd v shall then liave neatiy 1,059,000 wlica of contignous tertitory wita hosile i f hato 29 34 inceaavs o streagth, ing atching for b fsvorablaopparhunity o ilirayr off wint they reard a3 ths yoka of vppieivion, Vilion youJusk forward to the ciasbiug of nrarecial fne tercela, whiono antogubiviun are geographteally oul- Maed i ous extended domaia elwors i distinctly un <xan Treo s wlava woil, you will reo tiiat they may mot have to watt lony for ‘tao crisfe ia which they may read the netion arunder, “Tlierola oo cibier tuing in tho coudition of the il 1 call your attentton, 1t siruck o with greut for the cuico of much anz- in thosbi at tas Surtends, Mo Houth wa ot anguiered by tho North, Mer owu fattions polles bad und:rmined ee vauas st ho Zer ralors matde it paient tiat the war was do rustain nezro shivery, and he rdaveliclilor and thy sobilors xboudousd tha Tight. Tlacra visre not leed 1hao CO0J,0c0 sneu fa tio Louth at tho time of the surrender, They were mad in tho utiny, butthyy wers la (ko Souts, Hlad tha peogia folt that they were fightlug for liberty, they would Linve fought ay lowg o4 Willan tho Sileut mad uis Neheauders fought Pillip of Spain, It we lave anoter war by will bu tho Toelny of tho Souttiern pecpls, tnd, Arauga as you sy thisk, white aud hlack will naite in 1t on tha hido of tiso Houth, Oace gite the Demozracy coutrol of fita colered poople, #a thay will havo by gcciring tha Staty Goveruments, aad ticy will not only enlist the hiacks on their aide to politicr, hut thoy will make thow hate tus Yaukeo moro thid tha whita peaplo now @, Capital will the ssaumo its sezustomod control ovor tit sboriug ecivloyes, T3e only rueazs to yres ;“‘,_l:.m‘"“’“ mainiensnce of tis Republicsn pasty au CIUNEAE IN CALITOBNIA, To s reeont talk with a California Congressman, 1 abtainad yome now tnformation rolntive to whas ia knowu on the Pacifio eoant a8 the Chinesa question. Ife said: Neardy nll 'tho coolics {3 Cxlffornla nro prectically slaves, All of the Calnceo and Japaneso ronfdenty aro under the cuntrol of ol larga, waslthy, aud powerful compansul, Theso comprules hewitats to use 19 weana 10 canlryl tactr slavos, Thoy do uot shriuk from re- sorting (0 fhe taclica of - Dorgh, 1 bave known fr2queit cencs of aencswination of refructory Chincia which catld ba traced with sauch dizectness to thase cumpauloy, situough tho acts could uot ba positivly proven, _The number of thove coolics {4 00,400, They uve rapidiy incressing, ‘Thoy nse most expurt Diovos, "oy ar fxrmed ont by thosd ulx compenics, who rotadn coultol o ther afr tho wsnuer of the foudal Duroua, Tho laboring classes in Oxliforuia a8 a £tk tru very ittor torvards iliesy Orfoutal labor- od. 1n every Gonyresa for ths last half-dozen yearn Bills have Loun Introrduced Ly Catifornis Loprosuntas 1ivea Inohing to lhe wegalation af tho coolis {raMic, Tho Pacids tasat Conswvesinan 1a ag-much exposted to intraducea Lill uyon 4 sublect a4 o dranger Cone grvsszaan 13 snposed to Introduco masstrvato provide fer eheap tranvportation, 1 Indinva tliat (ho reason why Caugress koo not acted more effislently npon 4N gabjest 3¢, & peneral ignur- anco of taa facla, My plan haa bssn to spuoint 4 Com- misson 1o collect fufurmating, £o that Congrusa fan hwve DLifora it oficial nutiioritativo fnformatioa, “uess compaules ko coutraciv in Chins with the cootkas, Theeo poatracss txe of the most oxtrasriinary wnd Jufeons character, A Chinaman wiio warks for nin tells a6 it tha Cliiege mun ulen give their wives and aulhiren i Cuina to the compative_an pledgen for the fulfllment of Larir o couttacls, Ons condition of thean contracta bs, lhat fn cavo ot non-faldliment, {he wrives sud chllifon yany Lo aold o Rlaves, My owi nuu hioocif ket his wifo and childrea in Chioa under auclt & phedas, Too State of Californa 3 powerleos to rosch this dificulty by ony legisle.fon, Ths mot sariqus olatacio 1n the woy of uatlonal leglalation s thio fact tlat the fifth articlo of the troaty with Ohina sud Japan prevonts tho puauage of any law placing re- suxiction wpon immigration, 4 TILL KISO—MEM, : DAt Ring still thinks that it fsnot well to have Jong niemorics.” So Xlr. Dumont Clark, Auelntont Cashior of the Amertean Exchango Dank of Now York, testified in his examination before tiia Waya and Moons Committes at Now York, in tho Pacifie Mail inquiry. Thore are other peopie who have Jong nmomorios beolden Mr. Duniont Clark, It Is s mont thing to trike r.man when he is down, but, na Bill King aays, he is not down, aud awearw it, thero van bs no harm fo stating tho facts of history, * ¥ou can tell bim, if you ses bim before I o, that, ¥ ho publishen auything moro about 1me in conaection with tho Pacifio Mail business, 1 will broak his damned hosd' Tho mes- esgo was from Bill Kiog, and was Intended fot tha corroapondent of 8 Now York papor, who had eald that Bl King, 28 soon as the flrat nolko shout Paclflo Mail was mado, got norvony, and made frequont visits to Now York, as eoms of which ha wau found closeted at 8 Lotol with tl:o ollicow of tho Pacifie Mall Steamship Com- pany. Lo corrospondont did not gok hlx ** bend brolko,” pousibly for ths reason that In b phyrical coutogt betweon them King would have besu in denger of being “worsted. Tho correspondont coutinued to publish such nows ss Lo could got, and frown that Umo begon to watch the bluster~ ing King. King eeoracd 1o protest too much, I'wo yonrs ago, \hon that mysterlous sooret fu- voatigation luto thin matter vas bogan, King suemod i nervous, and made miany wisits to Now Yori. o was so wmuch away from' his placs in the 1ivuse thot his absance was marked, uud the Bergoants at-Arms had considerabla troubls to subpona hita ne 8 witneas, Kiog then staler, with tho mout emplintio dizectness, that his Vislts to New York had nothing to do with the Pacitlo Mail, and thot 1o gaw uo porson conuected with that Cowpauy; but King wlso swore shortly after that, beforoe tho Committeo, that Lo had recsived 1o monay in connection with tho business, and altogothor kvow nathung of tho sirange affair; 1l of which does not agveo with tho puintul diae closuros jo New York about those checks, One thing has always been againge King here, It in part of that collateral evidence which goes to mako up character. King's fellows do not tike bhm, I'talied lant wintor with a groat many of his eoqualntances in tho Houye, end I dil noy fiud ane who was willing to pay that he belioved Kiug had uothing to do with Pacille M, I fonud very many who_ beliove that be liad very much to ao witisit. Ono triok of Ring's, while 110 was I'ostmaster of thie Ilousa, ecarato piv coloriug end s koy to $ho discloquies of to-day, Ono of tho ancient perquisitos of the Postmaster of the Ilousa at that timo bad beou, that ho way permittad to ctiarge to the contingent or kome other fund 50 ceutd for avery packago deliv. orodl In this city for any Reprosontative, Thare aro s great wmany packoges of thly kind sent from tho Housa tn the coursc of a day, comprining lot- tera to ditToront parts of tha eity, bundles of speoches, bags for tho Poat-Oitice, Boods, aud that sort of thiug ‘l aud like things ure to bo brouglt to tho Capitol for members, Ming used tuonrry theso packsges in tho wagons Lelongin, to tho Llouse. Bomotlmes in one load fiu wuuifl Lave s dozon difforent packoges, yet Lo would charga a dozon prices, a it 1o had mado a dozen different teipe, 1§t hnptunod that at tho Poat- Ofilco thoro was o rotusn bag emgty, or a dozen of thew, $o bo brougbt baok to th i Kiog ‘would hrlnf: thora hn:k.c‘p ::I charga ono or & dozon loads me- cordlug to tho number of raturned bags. ‘Ihiv linmn grow to_such enormous proportions thas 18 wan stopped, aud the sccouuting olicer refused 10 audis tho bilts, Dut 1t continued for a very long slao, and the aggregate amoynt uof tuoss duplicata chorges was s large sam. Thala may havs bean the legitimate way of * w Tt peculalton o thah omes Dt tae o satlod could b sharact by & vasry differs ent name, Tinat wintor the members roonlled| littlo trausactione of this rorl, and puggosted ' that wheuaver sny groat sclo:ues wore broughs to Washington, !uIIK Kiug nomehow soemed |s kuow m preat deal abour tuom. Dufinton, -Chalrman of the Commiiteo on Acconnts, flnally refunod to audit these bills of King. A, THE PAOTECTIVE TARIFF. o the Rditor of The Chixtap Tribunes Seaarirny, NI, May 13.—Whea Tmz Trir- TNE parsad from the hands of the * guarridta® management and resumed fta placn ne the ax. poneut of Rapublizanism uuder the controt of & true Napublican, thare was goneral rojalelng in tus Republican rauks everywhore. When it took & decided atand fu favor of a sound financial theory, the thinkiog men of all partios applauded its courso. Thero la no moro ably edited paper fii thin conntry, and porhaps not in tho world, tban Tas Trapusk, This le concoded Ly all fajr- minded men. Unfortunately, Tt Tumone, like all groat minds, haa ita hobdy, Tt TrinuNe's Tiobby is Freo W'rada, Tho tariff bl Is ito * rod #1ag," aud st thom it plunges roqulor *short- horn” fashion, ltepublicaus, as & rule, do nat differ much with Tue TuvNe's views on the ueation, or It thoy do thay are indifforeut, In the discusston of dZo question, howover, thoy do ask honouty and candor, In your orticle, May1, entitled “TPoverty at tho Bouth,” it sern to me tha dispnsition you 1040 of the murplus cotlon crop uf tho South iy vory unfalr indeed, aud doea not represunt the maitor in accordnnce with the fasts, You say the surplus_eotton erop for 1874 amounted to £212.000,000, From this amount you doduct 45,000,000 vn account of the deprocisted care ranoy, maid 862,000,000 for ** protretive bounty,” —wliataverthat may bo. Tafora the War cotton sold at B conts per pound, in 1874 nt 16 cants per potnd. Very well, then, tho Bouth gota 7 centa par pound nioro for cuiton thar beiores tha War, whiila the eurroney in only 13 per cont loss than gold valne, Ho much for that. Lut ihat fs nov all, The 212,000,000 worth of cotton 13 rainad aud disposad of by tho Suuthern planter juot on the Nlinoin fanner 1alses and dis- ponet of wheat or corn. ‘Ifi0 ouo is suld to tho cottotrbroker, tho uther to the grajn-buger, aud it makes no difforance to tha producer what ho- conay of it alterwards ; ho hay tho inacey in hiin pockek aud goos hiw way to epoud 1t Now, is thore anuy reazon why thn xurpluy cotlon crop ahould Do treated difforently from the com or wheat crop? Nene, cortainly, It the expart cotlou co0p of 1374 "nmoanted to 212,000,000, then tho Bouth raulized therefrom ©212,000,000, and had that much money ta #pend. From thia armount you dadites 12 per cont on account of the ewrenoy. Weald you uave us bolieve that the Houth was eoropelled to tako pay for the cotton in gold, atgold prices, and exchange the pold for gresnbacksad par? If not, why this dadue. tion 2 If curroucy s ot o diacount, eotton will Lo higher in consequonce, won's it? just ua other urticles of producs or psorchandise, Than tho $23,000,000 deducted ¢n account of tus cur- raney ia nob enstainod by tho facty. Tito *protsetive Lounty™ deduction of 862+ 000,000 14 a bizgor item sud a worao dolueion tisu tho other, il powible, Your srgnment is that the Sonth {s compelled to purchass what it docs not raise tus marioln of Europe, nt Amorican prices, and thien yay o toriff duty of 60 per cont. Now tho facls aro, tho South has the #ame opportunity 1o purclazo what it needs in the American mariet that the North has, and cou purchase just sa chesp, Does Tax Tain. uxe—doas any one—contend that cotton and woolan goode, the products of iroy, or anything of actnal naceesary consuoiption, aro G0 per cent doarer on account of the tariff? It is trus that upan many articles tho tariff rangea from 40 to B) per aont ; bt to suppoeo thot these artl- cles aro from 40 to B0 per cant highoer in couso- quence, or wonld Le from 44 to 80 per cent chorpor if tho tarlt was removed, would be to make a gront misiake, and Ty TrmUNE knows this as woll a8 any oue. With wood a¢ bf) couts » psund, o ek of elothes good onough for anybody to woar can be Lought for from $35 to $50; eotton goods sell at from 8 couta to 45 couts per yard, according to quality and brand. In fact, therois nothing Iu the ataple article lins much highor than be- foro the War, and nov out of proportion to tha cost of raw materials and labor wagos, ‘Wo ars entitlod, thon, not only as Republic- ans, reaponsible for tho policy of the Govern- maont, bat os Intolligent men, to have theas quentiona discunsed by Ropublican journals, oapocially the ablost in tho countey, ina spirit of fairneos nud candor, osud notin the decaptive 10annor in which & lawyer would mako up his cano, Bhoving only ono klde, and tho worst mt thut, If thers {8 eny ona question which the yeopla underutand lous thon thoy do tho cur- rency queation, 6 m tho tortf quention, sud whatover thera is wrong in fho present policy can be 1nora easily correated by ou honest pro- rantation f tho facts than by pottifogeing the cquostion, Vary respectfally, J M A BEAUREGARD AND JACKBGHN. To the Xiftor of The Chicago Triduns: Oitrosuo, Msy 6.—You are mistakon in saying this morning that Deauregard was tho only one who recommended tha killing of priscne:s dur- ing the Iate War, Ilo mbared that glory with Htonowall Jackson. Thia is well known and ae- kuowladgoed st the Soutl. 1f Jackson's roputntion far piety should sesm to throw any doabc upon tbis statoment, It should ba remomberod that zeal for religion, und ita obsorvauces, la not unfrequontly dis- pociated from rogard for morality nnd goodnosa. You may remombar the atory of the Itallan ban dits Who murdered & mon on tho toad, but, bo- cause it was I'riday, wonld not cab tus chickon thoy found in his baggage. Ons thing is to bo waid, howaver, for 2fessm, Jookson and Boaurogard : ‘Choy seem unot to liavo reachiod tua lowoot form of batbarium. They did not recommend oating the ptisunses aftor killiog thom, -3 AN ANSV/ER. . .You sk me, wondoring, why I sin; And why m{ Iipa in ldus!llmf part} ‘Tha rinplen of my mirth &}l sprang Fyom the dosp vorrow at my heurd, A sindlo 13 easler than o tear That eerves 10 keep xad momortse And aiways, through what is, I hsar 1 0¢s of what might lave been, Ly —Templa Da —— ‘Fhe Adinr rer the New York Cnthe arals o A correcpondent of the Boston Daily Adrer wliser, writing Irom Rome, says: *Isaw a faw dagy ago tho uitur which ks under the marble- woikes’s houds, and which in to be placad, whon finlehiod, 1n 1o New Yok, Oathedral, It is Rtals dan Qothie, and will bo »_dazaling colleotton of tho most procioud marblos, Thoro sre small triple culuuna of porphyry and verd-antiquoj othiar litile columus of “oxquisite malachite; whito marbla scrosus dispored I precions por- phyry, verd-antlaue, oricutal alabasior, malachite, giello outico, lapis-laanii, etc. Hix littlaawhita auurble staiiios of the Aposties, Mattliow, Mark, Luke, John, Poler, and Paul stand Dotween beautifal columns of plittering mslachite, The tabornacle i8 incruatod with precious marblow. "Tho bua-roliofs on tho altar front are in white marblo; ko ‘Agony in .the Garden,’ tho ¢ Bouriug of the Cross,’ on aither slde, aud tho *Laue Bupper® in tho contre, It ls m superh work, 1tw only fault istho quantity of dotail. It lucks unity ; 1t baa no effact au o whote, and I ain afraid ita wooderful, exquisitoe workinauship will bo loatin 8 Jarge cathedral, Bull it is not yet completed, I saw it only in parts, thorefore 0y judgment or otiticlsm is pramature. Wheu soon olose at hund it must, Lowever, bo sdmirod, Itis fine enough to put under glass; rich in color, precious 1 material, and most dellcate in oxecation,” The Mosalo Dietnry Laws, Amerfcan lerudhite, Tt {n eivangs that theMoealo preseriptions for man's dist, Buhivfly taken from the !l,lbhnua)e rites, liave hazoalo, by common coneent, tho 1ill of fara of civilized soclety ; with vartations, of guurse. ' In the oltles, oapuclally, the maln articlos of food sre thoso which the Laws of 3loses recommended, When in.formar days aople dieted largely on,pork, many becama Ko;u themselvos, and mauy disoesss atlll raglog Rong ?qu‘tl\‘l b,n::‘\ cm:‘myedftmo :khn h“uim 6y8LoLd 0 consumption of rabbi :.:’H“ ln{l othior animal food whielm-'m io‘:'- 8. Physlologiats underetand well encugh the im- ortance of dlot; and yet nono have gone to tho roublo of giviug the Mosaic dietary laws a thor- onghsclantitlo exanination. Iere aro the Jows, after 0,000 years, & Liealthy, lotelligent,energetic, and fortllorace. Much 1 said about their lon- gevity tomperauce, charitabls disposition, eto.; still no solentlst Lisa takeu the trouble to sxamine &n- food on which this yace lived and thylved. “un‘ volat is cestalnly, sslantifically, very impor- aut, ‘Towin Blrds, Marisits (0,) Jeurnal, o). W. T. Wisa unl?“-'d- i My " sudey 1aad hiatolied § 3 RS S FREE TRADE. Lecturo by Prof. Sumuer, of Yale Collegoe. Progross of Fm5~Trndo Dootrinose«- : Claims of Its Adherents. Tundamontal Fallacios of Protsction Brecial Correevondsnce of The Chicave Tribrme, New Havex, Conn,, May 6.—Drof, W. d, Bum- nar Lias begun o conrae of lectures an the tarlft leginlation of our country, before tho Yale Ren- fors of tha Acadomio Department. In slating his prolimionrios, Lo {utroduced facta sud touched upon principles which sbould bave a wider hearing than tho walls of ths lecture- room. In subatanco, the lactura was as follows: THE LECTURE, It fa strange tbat, in this country, a focturer must appoar befare his audionco with an apology for Froo Trade. But so it is. No nation, oxcept Tunsia, practicos Frotectlon on principle, s tho Unitod States doos. Othior natlons, though thoy may not bo sctunlly living under a Freo-Trade policy, have at loaat wot their facoa In the right dirce. tion. Within o fow yenra, Austria has recognized tho Ireo-Trade principle as tho truoone. Bho Lies mauy oxotic ludustrics which have grownup ‘uniter her Protgetion policy, and cannot mako o sudden cliapge ; but &bs now holds tho 1ight ideas, Tho Statos of the Church, which wers Protostionist under the ruls of the Pape, have, sinco the reatization of Italirn upity, nlopled Free-Trade principles. Bpain, too, thouph ho moves very slowly, and can hardly be #nid to Lavo an opinion, yot is I'reo Trade a3 far as sbo hias & policy. A grent chwwnigo i3 also tali- ing placo In our coubtry la thiv matter,—very quiotly, it {s truo, bat wido-spread, as I parsonat~ Iy have tho inaans of knowing, tho proofs of which are moat encouraging, THE ANERICAN IDEA OF LIDERTY, ‘We lizvo bullt in this conntry n social aystom, tho fundamental principlo of whial is, that wo liavo no hereditwry distinctions. Wo allow no man wmdvostages bacxuse of his falhor's posi- tion, That in tho tuls of our paolal order. We do not undertake to pratect or eacourspo any man or to givo him any advantaces whotover. Our wholo rozial eysiem in based on the iden that tho.sirnggle for oxletence fo a froo contoat, with no faver to any ono; aud wo bave followed out Lhe idea to ita lnat logicat resnlts, in moet cases. It is 8o with ro gard to liberty of epeech and tho press. Liborty of apoech often degoneratos ; mien gravely nbuso it, ond prosch doctrines which are subversive of sociel order. You cou got a platform in the Uuitod States to preach anything you chooso. With tho advooatos of new theories, the Amoti: osn principlo is slinply to Jet thom talk, If the Idoow nronot good, they will £51] unnotioed ; but, if thoy ave yood, let us hove thowe. If you ex- plado a keg of gunpowder in su open flold, there ia & great nolse, but no harm e done; it you confive it by bulldings, the cxplosion does im- monso damaga; aud wo follow the samo princi- pla with theso men, with their opinions, as they call them, On tha whole, it 1a the best policy. it {a po with rogard to Hherty of tho press, It fa abusod ovory day, and may ge atlll further fn tho dircction of hibel and obsconity; but onr Amesican principlo in to cantrol it only by tho widest rogulatiouo ; and, on the whols, it is Lot~ tor than to try to roproua it wholly. Now, by an- alogy, it would sosm to follow- that ths gams poopie would aay: ** Lot men alone to trado whore they will. 1 thoy don't know how to make mouoy, lot them loss ft. If they don't know how to prodaco for & good markes, lob thom suffer for it.* Tho analogy of common BONBO sooms to n the samo duwction: that whotever is to bo galoed by production will reash its nax- tmum nndov liberty, In its poresnal application, You 86 tho samo thing. You ect nover reatran the libarty of & man with rogard to his ex- changos, without bringing the strongoest rostraint o bear on his nocial developmont and-individual Lappiness. If, in noy woy whatever, au advau- u»y: 18 givon to a clasof monin tho social order, it u geined only by taklog it from anothor. Iu every form in whick protection ia apptiad, this is trus,—whother it fu Pratostion techulcally go- called, er Trades-Uniooa. If a Trade-Unien shnts out porsons from the trado, and others do tho snato, those persone turn into vagabonda on tho fuco ol the earth, aud comao uposn tho putlio farpupport. Advantagos to porsons fosida tho trade ave goinod at tho oxpouzo of peraocns oute vide. Whet, then, is tho true prinociplo bhora ? 1t is the pranciple of Hhorty. \Whouover nny nau beginn to decey competition, remembor that com- petition lu anothsr namo for liberty, If wo would oxeindo compatition, remombor the jn- torout of tho compatitors. Il you wish to onter o profossio, aud nien try to crowd you ouf, yon would say: ' X must have a profession. I want to enter hors, aud compoto with you, snd make o livallhood, and gatn & standieg with the best of you." You wonid ba a clamorer for liberty in thet case; and the mame principle npplies throughout tho whole domaln of indutry and exchauge. TAOTECTIORIOT ENEOR CONGZRNING TAXATION, 'T'ale rnothor simple, common-senoe principle. Ask g 1an how ho Jikes to bo taxed. Not at all Nocs it doony good? Ne; ns a tax simply, it binrea him, L'axation iy, in fact, a ocortain loss which sll honoet citizons have to undergo on account of the dishonest peopls In tho ccmmuni- ty, If we weroscommuuity of honest men, wa phould noed o “polles o¢ courts st all. It wo wore all governed by pere iect reason and eonacionce, we should not uood & Qovormnent, nor army wnd navy, nor any such thiuge, . Tazation is what wa havo to pay for cumo, and for orvrors and fgoorance, yours and miun; nad the obfect of Bovial Ealence i to teach wa bottor, sud load {n the diroction of lesy srmy and navy, loss prisous, courts, locks and bars, snd all the immenso expeoditure. Now, poopls turn around aud oay that taxation ¢an bo niado an _engine of production, That is the fundsmontal errer that underlies tho whole theory of protaction, ‘fhiais no ovorstatement of tho case, An eminent practical man sad to mo racently: * You Free-Tradors wont to put tho taxes whera they will do no good,” and told bim thoy did nos do any good any way, ox- copt thet they aro o necessary oxgonss ou socioty now exista;buta taxeannot, fu sny way, bomada produottvo. The productive itcn expones fteelr at once 88 abswrd ‘aud impodaible, 'These broad conuidorations cover the whole ground; and, whon you kco that taxation cannot produce any- tilug, & mau may nrg:m-cu you with all the floe wohensos fn the world, and you will weo they afl involve tho wame fallacy, Iistorically, men's minds do uot run in the simples grooves of com- won sonae, but In the grooves uf tradition and dausible and sophistical urguwents, BIILYF XTERILNOL OF YDER TRADE. Thera {u a deopor method of treating the sub. fect than by the precoding wnlxdomflomu and that s historically, by facts. Bat wo bave well- arrunged facts only from ono nation, England, and from her ounly sluce 1840, when sho bo- camo distinetively & Free-Trada nation, As it took timo for Lho aystem to perfet ita working, wo havo really but fifteen or twenly yoars of Froe Irado oa_tho part of this ono nation; but that gives us the strongost basis for munufinm. duction. PROTECTION A HPECIAL FLVA, In taking up FProtectionist zrguments, yon should obssrya that all of them ave in the uature .ot a speoinl ples, nat of & general priucigle. We Lold that “whatever Is gaiued by Protaction will resch |t maximum under liborty. Aoy roply’ . that, in_ s new oountry, the * industeles 1oust "Ret siarted. Tho positive argumants for Protection ara all of that nature, ‘I'bose wre the arguments whick i¢ ia al- ways the most aifiicult to oxhauat, for thoy forn an ondlows weries of pleaa that lead nowhero. It s tmpossiblo so take up all tho fal. Jacles of Protectlon, Thers hay boon an otornsl skirmishing over detalls, whilo {he basinces ot & rinofples of tho sclence, It application ia com- Elu sod difilcult. It Politica] Economy were not a sciencs, shon there would bo nuthng to teach, 1t we Liad to try one way, thon an- the boat reault, then thers would be no veod of study; Cougrees would psva tari after tariff, and it would ba wholly sn_empirical matter. ‘That is really whas Congress han been trying to do, Every throa yoars sinces 1789 o tariit aci or au amendimont has been poised ; mod they bhave nevor framed one that wes watisfaclory, and nevor will. It ia impossible on their pressnt ground, sod jnvolves absurditios, OKIQIS OV TUR WORD '* TANIFT.” ‘The origin of the word vtariff* is sald to b m'r on the nerth side of s, 10 B) o el O bl e 8 scientido political-economist: {¢ with the broud | other, and simply tske tha'onu wkich gave | 1ho versels trading from Westarn Europesn porta lo the Maditcrrasenu oities, and make tham pay wtoll, The makers of varioud fabrica who lived along tho Meditorrcuoan soon found that tho prica of tha imported guode was enbanced bytho smount of (ol exacted, and shey could setl thair owu like manufaeturen for Just mo mnch moro 3 sud the dayico nf loyying toll in ths ports wan largely intreduced. 'Tha thing tind beon Lnown before, but the name wan giveu 10 it ab that time. fn vhe inlddie agos, tho ayre tem of cxalusive privilees was ourvent ; hitt, with the gromth of modorn acionce, the idra hns talinn possenaion of the minds of men tuat sli thone privilegas wors based ou s mintake, snd that the true preiplo of trada is lberty. HONLETY AND ERIOR OF THE PRUTLCTIONINT, Adnam Bmith, tho flwe groat writer ou Politl- cal Economy, publishod his bovk in 1770,—tus yoar in wliteh we adopted our new tdcas of self- wovernment,—and it isn ity that wo did ot adopt at tho rama thine his economie ideas, for wa would have been tfar rickor to-day. The alow progrons of Lia ideas fs o proof of tho atrength of Protostion fallasios; and I take no less gronnd hora than this: that thoy are tho most dissatrous to the men thoy tvretend to bonefit. I say iliat Protootiou {a 8 »aistalio for the manufacturess. ‘There ore woma cases in which it in porfeotly. Juat to “é"m o 1ariff o & syatom of organizo, plunder, fo which cortain persons eomo togethor and make a plan for swindliwg their fellow- citizens; but I ohall pot pnt it on {hat rroond. In the vast majority of _casos, the mon waro honoatly iolstaken, Horaco Greoloy' snd Matthow Caroy advocated Protection ~ under & rincera conviction that its philosophical and sciontitle trath os & principle in sound. Alexander Hamiiton, ha bis report on tusaufactures (which ia the best argu- mant on the Protection sitle that Lias yot beon mado, and is n groat arsenal of j1a weapous), was animoated by the purest Pauloflm. ‘Thoss mean hava not boon ammated by o desire to swindle, but by an hovest mixtake. .. WIIAT 13 FREE TRADE? What is Frea Trado # I cannot defina it, but, it auy ouo will definoa fros maw, then I wili do- fino 1'reeTrade, A freo monisw men who is free, Yon cauoot doilno {¢ any furthor. Froo P'rade ia trado that is free. 1fthers bad novor beon Prolection, all trade would have been frae. Fres 'frade Is nogadive thing, and wo mean by it that tho principls now le Lo adirmad 1s, that | trado oupht tobo frao to sock it own chauneld snd accomplish its own sewulty. EXTGEME ¥RRE-THADE GROUSD, 1 am proparad to take thae mwaoat nltra ground, that tho boes tradle, the most sncecssrul indus try, wonld bo that which is absolutely free. Tho Lest illustration in tho whele worli is botwaen thio Blates of this Confederncy. In the Coustitution of the United Statue it in motd that commerce botwoen the States shall be abwolutely frce. You mako sour putehoses in eno city or auother, in ono Stata ‘or another, where you can buy cleagpest ead beot. You cannod tell when yon pasa tho baundary from oda Slate futo another. If you profor the myanufactures of Massachusotts to thoue of Pennuvivaow, you buy thom: If tho other way, ths athoe way it is. D'couple of diffor- ont States pry their own taxos aud support thoir own Governwent ; and it is a perfoct realization of the jdeal betweon nations that teede should pass absolutely under tho control of the indl- vidual will of tho exchanger, aud esal natiou should suppart ito owa Governmont, . DRITISN FRER TRADE. That fe not what fs hictoricslly moant by Tuitish Froa Ttade, In this conutry, woshall bo compelled to ralso a largo rovenus for yeara to come, Whora shall wo got {t? Adam Smth hiad to face tho mamo question, No sclentide economista deny that it 18 allowablo to raieo o -large part of tha reveuus Ly customs tazation, ‘Lhe only ascial or philosophical ob- Joction le this: You do not know bow much vou uro paying in fndireet taxes; you ara neuligent 3 {ho emonnt may Lo oxcassive, nnd the Govero- ment becama extravagaut. The Unitod Btates 1 tha most startling instanco of®it. One hun- dred dollats faken directiy from n moo by & city tax makey Lim winse; but the same man probably doos not know that ho mAy bo sviog three or four liundrod dollars in judirect saxation throngh the Costom-FMouse. 1lu this country, oversthing foels the indirect taxatiou of tha Guvermsuont, It I8 bozter that toxation ahonld be lovied 89 that avery man will fook ot his ta< {nthe fucs; thea Do will lock to seo what the Govermnont doos with ft, Indirect tazation Is carried to such ox- caun that cimple peopls ao not koos how great it fa, Yot romo peoplo prafer that way, and would rather the (lovornment should tako their muncy when they do not kuow it Unt the daugor s, that the Government witl zo ontaking moro and morg, and will fall into oppression aud corruption, whilo tbo people will not look after it. Thetisall I havo ogelust muirect taxation ; otherwiss | admit the principlo, 'Iuking us og we are, with atl our ignorance, we must hwve in- direct tazes for a long tima. Y Tuo plan of Adam Bonith waa to Iay su exciso tax equal to tho impors tax ; aud that is what ja weuns by British Froe-Trade, follonlog ail im- ort taxos by an oxaisd tax, Yrof. Bonawmy Yrice Eoldn to thiv. As_Adam Nmith held it, tho prin- ciplo of ¥roo-Trado was to belance tho tariff ox- notly, Why? Uecause, { youonco introduce tha views of Proteotion into the system iu behalf of any one industry; you have started on tho downward road, and it 18 impoeslble to toll what will bo tho consoquences, If to ono fimdustry a.nl adventaga is given othera will elamor for their sbars of Govern- mant-favor also, ond our Cohgrées has nover Leon ablo to hold out sgninktit. To cut off all that, wo ray: *' Wo will meko you squal sharers by not giving protection to any of you.” That wonld be o strict rovenna tayiff. That is prac- tienlly the ubliact -of offort among poraons in- toreatod in thinnubject ont of doora in the Unitod Htaten, Whors tho wliolo rovenuo gaes to the Govornment, there is the maximum revenno with thoe minimum pressara. Taxes sbhould ba laid on articles not produced in tho country. Wo niavo tried th protect sugar-raising in Loalsianng it lias coat the natiou millions ou millions to make tho u.im““““ 1t has not sucecsdod, nov- er will, and is uow dyiug ont to make room for o iaore natural® product, which now Booms to bo orauges, Wa shiould tax teas and wpicos, the forciyn brands of tobaceo, foroign wines and brundios,—Iayiug an esclzo ou articles of tho lotter clana produced st homo. On b smalt unmber of articlos wo could thos ralso tho amount of rovonue tho UGovornmont raquires, The Euglish anuual rovenue of - £70,000,060 is ralsed Jargoly from 212 articiea ; while, in this couantry, wo liavo & tari? on nbout 1,600 articlon, It is outlroly erroncous fu principlo to endeavor to ralsc s rovopuo from eo 1aTRo o pumbor of oz ticton, ‘The British systom is correct in ita fundae montal ideas, and to some slwilar mothod of re- vonuo-collaction our Government whould come. THE NORTHWEST, ILLINOIS, Troquols County promises to prodace: more gnlou% thia year Lh‘l’n any ashier couaty in the Jalin Miller, of Lan\)abl- » piasg-eator, He fbu\rr window-paney ond bosr-mugs indiserim. nntely. Gslans haa czught the nerrow.gauge fover, and has profostod road {n Northeru Illinols, through Plattvilte. Ao old lady liviog near Hennspin captursd » wild turkoy ‘last week, Bhe fouud the untamed epecimen fighting with ona of hor owa barn-yanl fowla. Wion witl the Conrt-Houso troubles of Macou- pin County ond ? Tney now way the foundstion of thelr 2,000,000 Court-Houss st Carliaville ta sinking. An old-fashloned cook-fight. for $125 took taca at Btreator Tuosdny betwesa s bird from 1h|;= place and & ropresentativo from Lacoo, Tho atter won, 1t seoms n gottled fact that the Grangers of | DaWits County will start & co-operative stora at Clinton sometimo during tho summor, on » eap- ital of 10,000, The Alton Teegraph, s bright little papor, haa reporta from a number of orcliards in Aadison County, ‘The Leat of thom will berdly turn out moro than half & crop of peaches, Tho Deoatur Republican contradlots the atate mlsw tlhntflnf;ntg Ogalnhy‘ls lbtgn fi"bfi?&fl‘ to Springfold, Oa tho contrary, ha an -?ldn on tohfa biousa in Decatur, & INDIANA, Prof, Pepper bas olectrifled tho psople of Yn. dlanapolis i biw usual monuer, The axcitabls Misbawaka citizens voted orders for grocerivs, pawn-tickets, and wuything which osme bisudy on electionday, Monarch, Jr.,, tha trotting stslllon, {s te win 610,000 at tho Philadelphls E‘mmnw Park, Tbo lokomo Newngerad waye wo, aud everybody says 0, Januy Hali, of Morih Manchestsr, suss J, JI.. gmaly. n‘:,t;u]m;m pll:cu.dmr brnul: oS‘ 5“655. a oonf 310 ¢ damage! 0, a 'tr:i';fi caso will bo Weard b tha siiseat Clronts aurt, A farm hand pamod McCord waw killed lest Thursdsy ia Joiforeon County 1n a very smingular T e when s g Linw, Drokin S 5y ths 8 » whion » large Limb, bioken o 0 wind, {all rpon bim and kitled Liim fastactiy. Swe Adrian journalive, baving grons ted. hosted over tho exhansted vooabulazy of 1y, tormn_of mutual Journalitio endearinsnt, Jiayy coolad dawn on a £10,000 tibal enit to u e impe,. nsise of £49.51, ‘The $40.50 was for coitn, a;) the 1 eant for damago of eharactez, . WiscoNsin. Th'a ‘L'lllnaqn;m Vanl:’oy Noad, rngril.n; to V7, rau, fn & fwod businoss, su 0 'The tumbe: tr-f\u Ia immense, Ly pL A firat-olars liuo of bonts ia to ba i Sheboygan to Ludington, making e with Flint aud Poro Aatquette, Michig - ‘The Mavor snd Chilef of Iolice of Miinauy Liavo notifled tha keopern of the disre)uialils tablishiments on River and Fast Wator stree, that thoy munt closo up, 'Thr =nlor cauys, muoh distress aud alarm, Willism Danw, of Madlaon, eaptorad & mal, 11 his 1ot whilo fabing for minhoms it the Ton fiaki & for doys ago, ‘The fish is probibly one of the nmmber put into Lake Monoua & yoar app, and had startad out on an exploring éxpaditioy toward the headwators of the Catfish, MINNESOTA, The 8t. Croix and Lake duperior Canal or, ploration party, uoder . T Daviy, lelt B, wll‘!lerce enter upon tho survey Tuoaday, thy L Hoveral Cathiolis congrofations ansemblng o 8t Augusta, Stoarns County, lest Mo:uday, to en. Rogo In prayer and othor roliglona exercisey for tha purpovo of averting the Jdoslraction of tho craps by the grasslioppors. Two Winonn huaters baggod 475 nigesny iy about & hnlf dav's shiootiog noar Kefuon thooth. ar day, 'Tho pigoony are nosting iu Iarge num. bers around Kaaso, and trappors s:a entehiug thom for shipment to the Eastorn market. Abn Johuson, on the Tatopatic, en a pine teey ont of vhich he obtrined four 18-font logs, the amalloat one of the four measaring 40 {nches oy tho bup andl. The fouy logs scalod 7,500 feat, eng it 18 muppionad to bo tho largest troe uver cat iy the Northwestern pinerios. A yonng girl living tn Forass City miasing sovoral dava. Althoush yar: she had beon soduced and doser| ahout to bocomo & wother, Thore dieation that she was ovorcomie by th1e . hier rhamo, and has committad suickto by ing. At Madalin Iset week (iles IT. Tfarshall way erroatad on the charge of adultory with M. 1, 1. Comatack, whosa tmoband made tho com. plalot, Aftor an exawinstion, the Lticcher wag discharged. tha principal witness for the rroea. outlon admittine that Lo had filaifiod under threat from the Lusband. Fifty tons of dead fish have beon warhod upon Lo sliore of Roberds Lake, neac Faribaalt, aud Liave boen buried in tvenchos to proerve the liealth of tho community. The deo; froezing of tho fco durfug the wintor 1m attributod an the canaa of douth omong the fsh, Quly the towsy m&hr, or unediblo, fish soom to havs been killed off, ey han been in Years, anl yray 10WA, George Hart, of Pleasant Valley, fientt County, hias gone inkane, the rosilt of escttament grow. iug out of u recont religlous revival, Professsb Danfawth, saystho Iov:a Cily Press, 128 bean wendowing tho nwotowio of * Vatlier in Tipton as it was nevah wendawad bofoh," : Tho citizons of Burlington mra *intoxicated with Joy* bocauso thoy hdve bound tho wmnniei ality to pay 9100,000 for the conatriction of tha orthwestern narrow-graugo way. Murray, tho-young Dubuqoo paot, who has baen Ainiont ataadily kopt fa- Iinllplor montls by strong drink, is now ont, has algnod tho plodge, and will attampt to redeem his charcior, A Decoralt girl who weat to tho eltar to marry ono man, and found that he was belilud dme, eloped with another. She was pursuod and overtaken by No. 3, uud married him at last, Young men in Northwostors Towe wonder why the minera roturned from tho Black ITilly, whers aa average wnsbing in 226 a day, patroniza the 1res-lunch saloona oxteneively aud exclusively, The Dubuqua youngsters erosse the raofe of their patornal ehisds and tha weats of their Lreeches, being tho two surfaces in contact, and gain evarlauting folicity. Tho exorciss sud the parents warw chew up beautifully, A correspoudon$ fuforma us thré tha lande nituato in western countiow deaded lest fall by B. F. Atlen to_Cbrancey T. Bowan liaye now heon quit-claimed to Havry West, Ta this a now dodge ta dolraud tho croditora of the banker 7= Jotca Slate Journal, ‘Tho young men of Wilton who ra away from that “‘housa™ tho othor night. and lofc thcir 4ir1 to bo tarred and foathored by their wrathful paronis, inve boon reinetated in tha * beut sovi- oty"-in Wilton, They go to the rumizi-uo bies, turn the mmeic’for tho yoon: ladiea who slug, play all the innocont little games indulged iu on such fostivo ocoaelons, say *‘pa" and “ma;" opo of them wears a apit carl, anotlor pacta bis inir in tho middls, the thir 1 wears oyo- pliansos, aud the Jaut ooa lispa. Wilton socioty thinks they aro *' porfoctly splondid.”— Durling ton Hawkeye. HMissouns, A mon in Bt. Lonis tried to kill himeolf not long ngo beesuse he had Apriog fevar, nud the Mayavilie Jtegister foara that if thal ,dort of an idos was to brosk uub it that town, the place would bo depopulnted. - Tho pooplo of Deor Creok Towaship, in Bates Qounty, Mo., met ou the 6tk inut., at Croscent Lill, to form an organization forthe vuliof of the destituto in their midst, Tt was aace clalued that periaps a mafority of the people b that town- ul;lfi,wnn satually Bufforing for the ncceasariss of lifo, Mr. J. B, Womsll writas to the Raneas City Times that Jio saved a meadow from tho grass- hoppor pests by volliog. Auothor gontlomau recommonds the following plan far killing grass- Loppors: Digadeap pit at the hoad of the army, and run 6 fence, of board or aluth, like the #ides to xn opon fan, Two or thrao tnen can then drive the pasts into tue pit witn enno. This plan if sald to be sbort, Auarp, aud dezivivo, The_County Court of Johnson County, Mo, has ¢alled upon tho aitizony of eash townahip to meot at their voting P]lcnl to-duy (Unturday) to qlect tiirco or mora delenatos to & co ity wnoat- ing, to bo held in the ‘fown-Hall of Warrense burg on Monday, for the Fnrpoan of devisiug ways and monns for publiorolief. Tho failuroof crop#, the dovastation of insocts last year. and the destruction of carly grassés and vogetables in many places by the reappoarance of tho gross- hoppors this epring, have producod groat ecarc- ity and reduced 80 many persons to actual want that thie mathod haa baen ndopted ef organizing for tho azaistance of thio neady, = KANSAS, The Town of Tearnoy, it is sald, is under » yeicn of terror, Inepired by the Javes boys, Yiftcon prominont citizona have beeu vrdored Lo leave before tho 16th of June, The Leavonworth 7Vmes, papor, is vory cantious and temperato in lte commente on tus late shooting afeir. Col. Anthony has £80,000 {nsurauce on hia life, aud no other proporty to speak of. The Fort Beott Monitor publishes specials from eight countios fu Bouthern Xansas ropre- sontiug winter wheat generally in excellsnt con- dition. The grasshoppars have jujurvod the wheat {n soro localltios, but not materlally. Well-diggers on the farm of Ay, Cbase, on flambolds Creek, fonnd & mastodon tootl, 3 by Tinches, in a fino otate of preservation, and sons 1t to Presaldent Anderson, It was 10 feet balow the aurface. Othor boucs near it crambled on exposure, NEBRASKA. ‘I'welve milllon forost and 1,000,000 fruit-troes ntod 1 clus Btato lusy yoar, The report Torticultural !!ncl-ui' statos that thore s a conataut demand for practical infortoation on the subject of treo-planting. Arbor Day origi- nated in Nobraska. Linooln may envy no elty in the world, for she 1a happler thon ang. Bioux City may Lava the Diack glllln Ownahis m'{( fold to her vosom the terminus of the U. P, Railrord, Nebrasks City may sleep till 10 o’clock evary morulag—but Lincotn Liag not heard of the organization of & bade-ball club thia spring. - The Papillion Z¥mesnays: Attorney-Genorsl Roberta is about t0 commence suit againat Mo- Connell, Treasurer of tho Htato Unfvorsity, to recover £3,000 that thay pentlomanu rofuses to turn over to the Biate Treasurer, Whorsupon McOonnell throatona to tell on the Rogents of thio Univeraity, and uncover rottenneas thet will wake thelr pumes & hiss and & by-word, sud be- come & eteuch in tho noatrils of decent peopls. Col, Anthong's A \Witnoss Rs Scrupulous ae Boecher. g Sacramento Union, During a trisl fu the San Franclaco Police Cours oit Wednesdsy a colored man was called & a witncus and took_ his place upon the staad. Mar:iu, the Clerk, direoted him to ralse up his rixht hand and be sworu, Tho individusl pasup biu left, when Martin said to him, ** Halse your right baud, sir, sud be aworn.® * Can't,” curlly replled tho wilbeas, * Why?* saked the Closk “Cause I'm lefi-banded,” replied the wik~ nose. He was finally ndacod to raiss his right I‘und snd the vath vas adminiblersd 60 Rl e fore,